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said to be a head and a teacher of such Sangha and Gagele ( Sanghi ceva gani ca ganācariyo ca ).60 The gana was the largest unit made up of many kulas (paraspararasanikakulasamudayah ).61 The maximum number of the members of a Gana is said to be a thousand (utkrstah puru pusa pramanane. sahasrbyāptharktvam.62 It was headed by Ganadhara or Tirtharin kara.69 Vassávāsa or stay in raiay season
During the rainy season a Jaina ascetic is suposed to stophis touring. The rule was so popular that the people criticise the Buddhist monks for not adhering to it at the beginning, "How can these recluses, Säkyaputtiyas, walk on tour during the cold weather and hot weather and rain trampling down the crops and grasses, injuring life that is one-facultied and bringing many small creatures to destruction? Shall it be that these members of other sects, whose rules are badly kept, cling to and pripisid rains-residence, shall it be that birds having made their nests in the tree-top, cling to a proper rains-residence, which these recluses trample on walking "64 Then the Buddha prescribed the rules pertaining to the observance of indoor residence in the rainy season.
Here the word aññatitthiyi refers to the heretical teachers We are not aware of this rule in their doctrines, except in those of Nigantha Nātaputta. The Alülacara Mentions that a Jaina monk should stop touring in the rainy season and abstain from causing injury to vegetable beings which grow profusely during this time.
Tanarukkhabaridachedanatayapattapavālakandamūläin. Phalapupphabiyaghādam na karenti muni ņa kārenti. Pudhaviya samārambham jalapavaṇaggitasāņamārambhart. Na karenti ņā kūrenti ya kārentam ņānumodanti.65
The vassavāsa in Jainism 66 as well as Buddhism 67 commen nces on the full-moon day of a Aşadha and ends on the fulmoon day of Kartika. The Thūņārga permits the monks to go to another place under certain circumastences, 68.
