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Santaraksita and his commentator explain the view of Pātrasvāmin with regard to the various aspects of proban. They say that according to Pátrasvāmin, the probans is valid only when it is found to be otherwise impossible and not when it has the three features ( anyathanu papannatva eva sobhano helună punastrilaksanah). This view is elaborated as follows: Patrasvāmin justifies that anyathanupapannatva is the principal characteristic of a piobans. Through presumption (arthapatya ) the same characteristic implies three features, viz, Pakşadharmatva, Sapahșa sativa, and Vipak sa vyāı rattatva, but the 'ipaksavyavştli or anyathanupa patti can imply all other features which do not serve any useful purpose. As a matter of fact, the relation of invariable con-comitance (uvinalhava ), which is, the heart of hetu, is not present in the three-featured reasons (trarrapya hetu ), but found in the one featured ( ekarūpya hetu ).208
Santaraksita then quotes a renowned karikā of Pātrasvāmin from the Trilaksanakadarthana as follows:
anyatlānupannattvam yasya tasyaiva hetuta. diastāntau dvāvapi stām vā ma vā tau hi na kārañar nānyathānupapannatvan yatra tatra trayena kim. anyathānupapannatvam yatra tatra trayeņa kim.
It means anyathānupapannatva is the only probans. There may be three corroborative intstances, but really they cannot be depended upon. If the anyathanupa pannatva is not there, what is the use of three features ? and if the anyathanu pa pannatva is there, what is the use of the three features (trairūpya ) ? He illustrates this point saying that the man who has three sons is called ekajutraka on account of having one good son ( Suputratvat ). Similarly in the case of the three featured probans only feature would be useful in making inferences.
Patrasvāmin has tried to prove that there can be no anyathanupapannatva hetu in the three-featured probans. For instance, "one must be dark ( pakşasatva ), because one is the son of so and so ( sa paksasatva ), whose other sons are found to be dark ( vipaksasatvavyāvstt,". This example contains
