________________
( 177 )
nor dissimilar. Ib they make any difference, the efficiency of the permanent thing in producing the cause is compromised and becomes dependent upon other things in order to be efficient. If, on the coutrary, they are not able to make any difference, the arguments for inoperative and ineffective ( akiñcitkaru ) elements in a thing have no meaning. The Buddhists, therefore, conclude that causal efficiency is the essence of the simple and unique moments each of which is totally differents from the others.24
On the other hand, the Jainas believe that a substance is dynamic parināmi ) in character. It means a thing is eternal from the real standpoint ( 11śc ayanasena ) and momentary from a fractical vitu point ( vyavahūranayena). Causal efficiency, according to them, is possible neither in a thing which is uf the static nature ( kapusthanitya ) nor in a thing which is incongruous with the doctrine of momentariness (kxanikavada, but it is pos: íble only in a thing which is permancnt-in-change. To make a clarification of this view, they say that efficiency takes place either successively or simultancously. Both these alternations cannot be effective in the moneptary existence, since the spatial as temporal extension which requires the notion of before and after for efficiency are absent from the momentary thing of the Budd. hists. Santana (continuous series ) 'is also not effective in this respect, since it is not momcntary in the opinion of the Buddhists 25
This view of the Jainas is recorded by Durvekamisra in the Hetubindutikaloka. The writer of the Vadanyaya called Syadvadakesari who is supposed to be the same as Akalankadeva, is said to have defeated the opponents and established the Jaina Nyāya. According to Syādvāda keśarı, Durvekamiéra says, every entity is anaikāntika (having infinite characters ), which is the basis of arthakriya ( casual efficiency ). Kulabhūsana, a commentator on the vadan yaya, explains this view that the anyathanupapatti is the main character of reality, and arthakrija is possible only in that character.26 He, then,
12
