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CHAPTER III
JAINA ETHICS The Dutien of jaias House-holders
Emancipation through the removal of karmic matter trom the soul is attainable only through righteous living according to ethical discipline. One should abstain from the five faults (pancapapa ) viz, injury (hinsä ), falsehood ( asatya), stealing (steya ), unchastity (abrahma) and wordly attachment (parigraha). These vows are of two kiads : Partial vow(Anuwatas) or limited abstention from the five aforesaid faults and Full vows (Mahavratas ) or total abstention from five faults. The former is prescribed for house-holders and the latter for ascetics. Five kinds or training (bhāvand) have been prescribed for each of these vows for the sake of securing stability in thema.
The above-mentined five uratas have been unanimously accepted by the Ācāryas, on the basis of Pratimas or Vratas or Paksa, Caryū and Sadhana. The difference of opinion is only with regard to the Gunavratas, Sikşavratas, Malagunas and Pratimas. The great Acarya Kundakunda described householder's duties on the basis of Pratimas. He simply presented the pames of Gunavratas e. g. dit parimaga, anarthadanad avarjana and bhogopabhogaparimana and Sikşavratas e. g. sümnyska prog' adha, atithi püja and sallekhana. Svāmi Kartikeya followed his line but placed dešavakašika in place of sallekhana-Vasunandi included sallekhana in Sikşavratās. These Acāryas described neither Astamala gunas nor adicāras of Vratas.
Ācārya Umāsvāmi and Samantabhadra are prominent Agures among those who described the house-holders duties on the basis of twelve vratas. Umasvāmi divided Vrati iato two e. g. Agāri who follows anuoratas and Anagari who follows Mahavratas. He took pains to describe the aticuraof each wala but did not refer to Arfamulagunas and pratimas. He might have followed the tradition of Upasakdasasontra. Umasvimi could not recognize the names of watas given by Kundakonda. He changed them into Digorata, dobavrata and amartha
