Khambhatno Itihas

Author(s): Ratnamanirao Bhimrao
Publisher: Dilavarjung Nawab Mirza
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020443/1

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khaMbhAtano ItihAsa lekhaka ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva bI.e. For Private and Personal Use Only

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khaMbhAtanA itihAsa

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hijha hAinesa najamuddaulA, mumatAjha-ula-mulka, momInakhAna bahAdura dilAvarajaMga navAba mirajhAM hasenayAvarakhAna bahAdura khaMbhAta For Private and Personal Use Only

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khaMbhAtano ItihAsa neka nAmadAra hijha hAinesa najamuddaulA mumatAjha-ula-mulka momIna khAna bahAdura dilAvarajaMga navAba mirajhAM husena yAvarakhAna bahAdura khaMbhAtanA nAmadAra navAba sAheba bahAduranA hukamathI prasiddha rAvasAheba puraSottama jogIbhAI bhaTTa bI.e. elaela.bI. oNphizaeTiMga dIvAna khaMbhAta sTeTa lekhaka ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTe bI.e. gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda vagerenA kartA - - - hIjarI varSa 1354 saMvata 1991 IsvI sana 1935 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pahelI AvRtti 1000 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Traka * bacubhAi popaTabhAI rAvata, kumAra prinTarI, 1454 rAyapura, amadAvAda For Private and Personal Use Only

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AbhAradarzana chA jarAta sAhitya sabhAe gujarAtanA itihAsaprasiddha zaherono itihAsa lakhAvavAnI javA ' nakkI karI ane te dizA narakanI sabhAnI pragatinA prathama pagalA tarIke "gUjarAtanuM pATanagara - amadAvAdI bahAra paDyuM. A pachI jyAre amane khabara maLyA ke "gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAdanA vidyAne lekhaka zrI namaNirAvane khaMbhAtanA nAmadAra navAba sAheba taraphathI "khaMbhAtano itihAsa' nayAra karavAnuM kAma soMpavAmAM AvyuM che tyAre amane lAgyuM ke sabhAe nakkI karelI janAne pAra pADavAnuM bIjuM pagaluM levAya che. ame tarata ja nAmadAra navAba sAhebane, te vakhatanA dIvAna sAheba dI.ba. narmadAkAMkarabhAI mArakane vinati karI ke A inivAsa taiyAra thAya tyAre tenI pAMca nakala amArI sabhAne teozrI taraphathI maLe te ethI sabhAnI yojanAne kiMmatI sahAya ane ghaNe vega maLaze. teozrIe potAnA svAbhAvika jIjanyathI amArI e vinatino svIkAra karyo. e badala ame sabhA taraphathI temanA atyaMta RNI chIe. A bAbatamAM dI.ba. narmadAzaMkarabhAi taraphathI je sahAnubhUti ane sahAya sabhAne maLyAM che te mATe ame temane paNa aMtaHkaraNapurvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe. A uparAMta hAlanA AzieTiMga dIvAna sAheba zrI puruSottama jogIbhAI bhaTTa sAhebano paNa, temaNe te rIte temanI sahAnubhUti sabhA tarapha cAlu rAkhI che te mATe, AbhAra mAnIe chIe. amadAvAda tA. 31-5-3pa prANalAla kirapArAma desAI gaTulAla gepIlAla dhruva caitanyaprasAda tIlAla dIvAnajI mAnada maMtrIe gujarAta sAhitya sabhA For Private and Personal Use Only

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CADWXXUUU900 W purovacana Dii graMthano prastAva AjathI be varSa pahelAM khaMbhAtane nAmadAra navAba sAhebanI IcchAthI, che gujarAtanA suprasiddha vidvAna dI. ba. narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mahetA khaMbhAtanA dIvAnapade hatA tyAre, eka khAsa kamiTI dvArA karavAmAM AvyA hatA. teoe zrI ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva je., bI.e. ne, prAcIna sAhityanA temanA abhyAsa ane anubhavane AdhAre, A graMthanA lekhanakArya mATe pasaMda karyA hatA. A yuvAna vidhAnane hAthe amadAvAda zaherano eka vistRta ane AdhArabhUta graMtha lakhAIne gUjarAta sAhitya sabhA taraphathI bahAra paDyo che. te pachI emane e ja mahattvano graMtha A khaMbhAtane itihAsa gaNAya che temAM Azcarya nathI. graMthane mATe ghaTatI citrojanA tathA phoTogrAphI vagerenuM kAma paNa dIvAna bahAdure ja gujarAtanA jANItA kalAkAra zrI ravizaMkara mahAzaMkara rAvaLane soMpI tenI sArthakatAmAM vadhAro karyo che. emaNe khaMbhAtanAM jUnAM temaja navAM sthaLa ane saMgrahita sAhityo joIne ghaNA parizramathI emanuM kArya yatheccha pAra utAryuM che; ane graMthaprakAzananuM sarvAga kArya paNa emanA ja suprasiddha kumAra kAryAlayamAM pUrNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. nAmadAra navAba sAheba A graMthanI bAbatamAM prathamathI ja jAte rasa laIne kAryakartAone sAhana ApatA rahyA che. graMthanA mULa utpAdaka dI. ba. narmadAzaMkarabhAI jeke, daivayoge, pakSAghAtanI bImArIne laI sakriya bhAga laI zakyA nahi, ane pAchaLathI temanI samartha vicArasaraNI tathA ArSadaSTine saMpUrNa lAbha laI zakAya nahi, tathApi temaNe A graMtha mATe satata kALajI ane AkAMkSA dharAvI tenA kAryamAM sarvapreraNA ApyA karI che tenuM RNa A graMtha upara ane gUjarAtanI prajA upara hamezAM raheze. khaMbhAtano Avo saMpUrNa itihAsa pitAnA rAjya taraphathI bahAra pADI nAmadAra navAba sAhebe khaMbhAtanI prajA mATe eka gauravabharyuM Araka karI ApIne parama upakAra karyo che. puruSottama jogIbhAI jAda phizITiMga dIvAna khaMbhAta tA. 22 : 1935 For Private and Personal Use Only

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NOVUCUNUNG prastAvanA 1 sAnI pArAzIzI (thermometer)thI jIvananA sauthI uttama bhAvone mApavAnI TevavALA, vaNika vRttimAM gaLA sudhI DUbI gaelA gUjarAtI samAjane sAhitya mAtranI paravA ja nahi jevI che, te sAhityanI rasahIna, sukI manAtI itihAsanI zAkhAnI paravA to kyAMthI ja hoya? amuka sadImAM amuka loka AvA hatA evI evI vAta pAchaLa magajamArI karavAthI ApaNI koThImAM keTalI bAjarI bharAI evuM bolanArA maLe che. A tINa jIvanakalanA jamAnAmAM evuM bolanArAne zo javAba devo e vicAravA jevuM che. ApaNe nAma sAthe bApanuM nAma zA mATe mUkIe chIe tyAMthI zarU karIne meTA moTA vidvAnoe karelI itihAsanI mahattA mATenI dalIle javAbamAM kahI zakAya. paNa pitAne sudharela kahevaDAvavA iracha dareka deza Aje pese kamAvA uparAMta vidyAsaMskAra mATe paNa eTalI ja abhiruci batAve che, paisA ane vidyAnI lagabhaga sarakhI upAsanA kare che, evI bhALA bALaka jevI dalIla karavI e zuM vadhAre sAruM nathI? mAtra paisAnI ja pArAzIzIthI apAtA bhAve ke keIpaNa bIjI vastu paisA jeTalI ja caMcala ane nAzavaMta nathI lAgatI? lokajIvananA vidyAsaMskArane poSe evuM saMbhAraNuM karavAnI abhilASA janma-sAhityavRddhinI abhilASA janma-tyAre e lokasamUhanA ja unnata jIvanano eka zubha prasaMga gaNAya. nAmadAra khaMbhAta narezane khaMbhAtane aitihAsika prabaMdha taiyAra karAvavAnI abhilASA thaIe khaMbhAtanuM gujarAtamAM je sthAna che te jotAM AkhA gRjarAtanA vidyAsaMskArane mATe eka zubha prasaMga gaNAya. e abhilASAthI e nAmadAranI UcA prakAranI mAnasika abhirI ane saMskAraprema to ApoApa vyakta thAya che. kadAca A jAtano graMtha taiyAra karAvavAmAM gRjarAtanA rAjavaMzIomAM e nAmadAre pahela karI ema paNa kahevAya. khaMbhAta rAjya taraphathI I.sa. 1933nA uttarArdhamAM A kArya mane soMpAyuM. e saMpUrNa karavAmAM sauthI pahele AbhAra to mAre khaMbhAtanA mAjI pradhAna dIvAna bahAdura narmadAzaMkarabhAIno mAnavAne. emanA jevA gUjarAtanA eka mahAvidhAnanI sucanA ane mArgadarzanane, A graMthamAM je kAMI sAruM gaNAya tene yaza che. graMtha lakhavAnuM kArya saraLa thaI paDe evuM mArgadarzana karavAmAM emaNe ghaNe zrema lIdho che ane ziSya pratye guru rAkhe evo sadbhAva mArA pratye eothIe rAkhyo che. muMbaI sarakAranAM khaMbhAtane lagatAM daphataro tapAsavAnI sagavaDa paNa DAyarekaTara opha inpharamezanane lakhIne eozrIe karAvI ApelI. ahIM huM eothIne aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka AbhAra mAnuM chuM. bIjA je je sahasthoe A kAryamAM sahAya karI temAM pahelo AbhAra dIvAna bahAdura kRSNalAlabhAIno mAnavAne. eozrIe mirAte ahamadInA pAchalA bhAgano tarajUmo chapAtAM pahelAM mane jevA Apelo. phArasI graMthanI bAbatamAM emanuM lakhANa eTale pramANa ja gaNAya. emano aMtakaraNapUrvaka AbhAra mAnuM chuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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prastAvanA gujarAtanuM ekanuM eka purAtatvamaMdira to have baMdha paDyuM che, paraMtu enA Adya racAlakanAM lAgaNIbhAnAM hadaya ane jJAnarUpe to e hajI khulluM ja che. paMDitajI thI sukhalAlajI, munizrI jinavijyajI Adi vidvAnonuM to kAMI paNa zaMkA paDatAM mAre zaraNa levuM paDe. eTale emane AbhAra koIpaNa prasaMge bhUlAya nahi. khaMbhAtanI hAIralanA mukhya adhyApaka zrI bhogIlAla zAhe khaMbhAtanAM sthaLonI mAhItI ApI ane pitAnA vakhatano bhoga ApI khaMbhAta batAvyuM emano, ane khaMbhAtamAM bIjI sagavaDa karavA mATe adhikArI vargano AbhAra paNa ahIM mAnuM chuM. - A graMthanI goThavaNa tathA lakhANanI paddhati tathA AdhAro vagere mATe bhUmikAmAM TUMkuM vivecana karyuM che. paurANika vibhAgane lagatA saMdigdha viSayonI carcA chevaTe ApelAM pariziSTamAM karI che. emAM asurane lagatA pariziSTamAM asuro saMbaMdhI keTalIka bAbatamAM pra. anaMtaprasAda baeNnarajI zAstrInuM maMtavya grahaNa karyuM che. e bAbata vadhu samajUtI bhUmikAmAM ApI che. e pariziSTamAMnA kaMdA saMbaMdhanA matanI tathA bIjAM traNa pariziSTomAM je matadarzana che tenI, temaja paurANika bhAratavarSanA nakazAnI jokhamadArI mAre mAthe che. te mATenA AdhAra yathArathAne ApelA che, ane AdhArajthenI samagra yAdI paNa ApelI che. eka vakhate UMce zikhare pahocelI paNa jamAnAothI zithila thaelI gujarAtanI kalAbhAvanAne rItasarano jIvanarasa zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLe pAke. kumAra kAryAlaya dvArA gUjarAtanI kalAnI emaNe karelI sevA gujarAta bhaviSyamAM paNa hajI vadhAre che. emanA jevAe A graMthano kalA ane zaNagArane bhAga yojyo te mATe temano ane kumAra kAryAlayanA zrI bacubhAI rAvatane huM aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka AbhAra mAnuM chuM. kalAnI bAbatamAM mArI sAthe e hamezAM sahakAra karatA AvyA che. emano hAtha vAMcanArane dekhAyA vagara nahi rahe. A graMthamAM khAmIo paNa ghaNI haze; tenI jokhamadArI mAre mAthe che. khAmIonI mArI te ghaTe nahi, paraMtu gujarAtathI agiyAra mAIla dUra rahI keTalIka muzkelIo vacce karelA kAryamAM rahelI khAmIo mATe vAMcanAra pAse mAphInI yAcanA to karI zake. madrAsa ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva For Private and Personal Use Only

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anukramaNikA sb nsb m`y `b nh sm purovacana prastAvanA anukramaNikA citrAno krama zuddhipatra pR. 14 bhUmikA pR. 15 prakaraNa paheluM: sAmAnya varNana mahI nadI-sAbaramatI-alaMganI nahera-bhUmivibhAga-khaMbhAtanuM raNa-khaMbhAtano akhAtaakhAtanI bharatI-akhAtanuM parAvuM- akhAtano itihAsa. . . . . . . . . . pR. 1 thI 7 prakaraNa bIjuM H kumArikA kSetra ane paurANika bhUgoLa kumArikA kSetra bhAratavarSanA nava dvIpakumArI dvIpakumArikA kSetranI cheka pAsenA dvIpa-kumArikAkSetra bhAratavarSanuM kendra-khaMbhAtane akhAta e nadInuM mukha-mahI nadInI prAcInatA.... pR. 8 thI 13 prakaraNa trIjuM abhidhAna khaMbhAtanAM nAma-gajanI khaMbhAtanI jagyAe nahotuM-gabhUtA khaMbhAtanuM nAma nathI--khaMbhAta prAcIna jainatIrtha nathI-staMbhatIrtha ane sthaMbhanapura-sthabhanapurathI zrI pArzvanAthanI mUrti khaMbhAta AvI-tAmralipta traMbAvaTI-bIjAM nAma-mahInagara nagarA-staMbhatIrtha staMbhatIrtha ane purANa-staMbhatIrtha. pR. 14 thI 23 prakaraNa caithuM paurANika samaya paurANika kathAo gapATA nathI-khaMbhAta ane devAsura saMgrAma-tArakAsura-kArtikeyakhaMbhAta pAzupatenuM eka mukhya sthaLa-aitareya brAhmaNa ane khaMbhAta-brAhmaNa mahAsaMsthAna-guptatIrtha-zonA jhagaDA-babare-khaMbhAte kaI jJAtine nAma ApyuM nathI. . . . . . . . , pR. 24 thI 31 prakaraNa pAMcamuM : madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya-gUjarAtanuM baMdara valabhIno samaya-dasamI sadImAM Araba musApharonuM varNana-solaMkIone samaya-pArasIo ane hiMduonuM musalamAna sAme hukalaDa-kumArapALa ane hemacaMdrasUri; khaMbhAtamAM udayanamaMtrI khaMbhAtane adhikArI-agiyAramI sadInA Araba musAphara-vastupAla khaMbhAtane daMDanAyaka-zaMkharAjAnI khaMbhAta upara caDhAI-gujarAtanA naukAsainyanuM mukhya thANuM. . . . . . . . . . pR. 32 thI 30 prakaraNa chaThuM musalamAna samaya-hiMdustAnanuM mahAna baMdara-caDhatI ane paDatI musalamAna sattAnI zarUAta-dihInA sulatAnanA subAone samaya, ulughakhAnanI caDhAI -jhapharakhAna ane khaMbhAta--gujarAta AkhuM khaMbhAtane nAme oLakhAya che-amadAvAdanA sulatAnone samaya -ahamadazAha sAme baLavo ane khaMbhAta kabaje karyuM-khaMbhAtanuM naukAsainya dakSiNa upara caDhAI kare che- bArabosAe kareluM varNana-bahAdurazAha ane khaMbhAta-humAyU e khaMbhAta luMTavA ane bALavAno Apelo hakama-khaMbhAta ane phiraMgIo-gUjarAta salatanatanA aMta samayanI sthiti-akabara khaMbhAtamAM khaMbhAta mIrajhAnA hAthamAM ane bAdazAhI lazkarane ghera-kalyANarAya- chelle sulatAna mujhaphaphara ane khaMbhAta. . . . 5, 40 thI 50 For Private and Personal Use Only

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10. anukramaNikA prakaraNa sAtamuM : megala samaya mujhaphapharanA putra bahAdurane baLavo-hiMdustAnano zahenazAha khaMbhAtanA rAjAnA nAmathI oLakhAya che-jahAMgIra pahelAMnuM khaMbhAtanuM varNana-jahAMgIre khaMbhAtamAM karelo AnaMda-khaMbhAtamAM pADelA jahAMgIrazAhI sikkA-jahAMgIrane khaMbhAtamAM maLavA AvelA prasiddha puruSo-aMgrejo ane khaMbhAta-mogalAImAM khaMbhAta-zAhajahAMno samaya--auraMgajhebano samaya menDelae kareluM varNana-Tavarnaare kareluM varNana- megalAInI paDatI dazAmAM khaMbhAtanI sthiti. . . . . . . . . . . . , pR. 51 thI 59 prakaraNa AThamuM : svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA rAjakuTuMba-vaMzakartA najamuddaulAnA sasarA mAmInakhAna dahemI-svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA- marAThAonA hallA--mIrajhAM jAphara najamudaulA surata ane khaMbhAtanA mutsaddI-bhaMDArI ane momIna khAna vacce aNabanAva-momInakhAnane gUjarAtanI subA gIrI maLe che--mInakhAna amadAvAda kabaje karavA taiyArI kare che-amadAvAdane ghera-amadAvAda lIdhuM-khaMbhAtano baMdobasta--momInakhAnane navo IlkAba ane avasAna-momInakhAnanuM cAritrya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pR. 60 thI 67 prakaraNa navamuM svataMtra saMsthAna-muphatA khIrakhAna (momInakhAna bIjA)nuM rAjya | muphatAkhIrakhAnanI subAgIrI ane amadAvAda cheDI khaMbhAta AvavuM--raMgojIe khaMbhAtamAMthI lIdhelI rakama -najamakhAnano vahIvaTa ane khaMbhAtanI sthiti-khaMbhAta upara pezvAnI laDAI ane cAthakhaMbhAtano ghero-laDAIne aMte khaMbhAtanI sthiti-pezvAno mANasa bhagavaMtarAva khaMbhAtamAM keda-150mAM khaMbhAtanI sthiti-paisA UbhA karavA mATe AsapAsanA mulaka upara momInakhAnanI caDhAIo-memInakhAna amadAvAda sara kare che-amadAvAdane gherA ane mAmInakhAnane bAdazAhI mAna-pezvA sAthe salAha ane khaMbhAta rahyuM; amadAvAda ane dhodhA cheDavuM paDayuM-momInakhAna pezvAne maLavA pUne jAya che--momInakhAnane pezvAe ApeluM mAna ane iMglaMDa DAyarekaTarone lakhelo kAgaLa -khaMbhAta AgaLa laDAI-nANAMbhIDa ane sagna karaverA-taLAne khaMbhAtane tAbe-zAMtino dasa-memInakhAna bIjanuM cAritrya. ... pR.68 thI 82 prakaraNa dasamuM : svataMtra saMsthAna jemsa kaeNrse kareluM khaMbhAtanuM ane navAba sAhebanuM varNanaH 1775 thI 1780-muhamadRkulI khAna navAbaH 1783 thI 1789-phatehaalI khAna navAba 1789--marAThAonuM naDatara-vasAInA karAra-vaDedarA sAthe cha gAma bAbata jhagaDe-navAba sAheba baMdealIkhAna : 1823 thI 1841 tathA navAbasAheba husenacAvarakhAna 1841 thI 1880-baMdara mATe thaelA karAra: 1853 thI 1856-navAbasAheba husena yAvarakhAnanuM avasAna-navAbasAheba japharaalIkhAna sAheba: 1880 thI 1915-jakAtanA karAranAmAM-hullaDa: 1890 svataMtra saMsthAna-TaMkazALa baMdha-vahIvaTI sudhArA. * * * * * * * * * * * pR. 83 thI 90 prakaraNa agiyAramuM: aMgrejI keThI prathama Agamana-sattaramI sadI - isa ane biDavela resiDenTa-mi.manara resiDenTa: 1736-37thI 1742-mi. sTrITa ane mi. eskana tathA bIjA-sara cArsa meleTa: 1774 thI 83-robarTa haeNlaphorTa- chevaTanI vakhata. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pR. 91 thI 97 prakaraNa bAramuM sthApatya gujarAtanuM hiMdu sthApatya ane kalA-gUjarAtanuM musalamAna sthApatyaH musalamAna makAnanI bAMdhaNuM -khaMbhAtanuM sthApatya-nagararacanA-jumA masjidanuM varNana--bAMdhaNInI carcA-1775mAM jumA masjida For Private and Personal Use Only

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anukramaNikA ane bIjuM makAna-navAba sAhebane mahela-hiMdu sthApatya-pratimA vidhAna. ... pR. 98 thI 105 prakaraNa teramuM: vepAra ane vahANavaTuM khaMbhAta vepAra mATe lAyaka madhyastha sthaLa-khaMbhAtanA vepArane itihAsa eTale hiMdanA prAcIna vahANavaTAne itihAsa-dasamI ane agiyAramI sadInA ArabonA ullekho-bAramI sadI-caudamI sadI -paMdaramI sadI-soLamI sadI-vajiyA ane rAjiyA-mukhya nikAsa kayAM kyAM jatI-AyAta-dalAlIne dhaMdhojamInamArgane vepAra-baMdaranI sthiti-sattaramI sadI-aDhAramI sadI- ogaNIsamI sadI- ogaNIsamI sadInuM vahANavaTuM ane vepAra-samRddhino ugatA sUrya. ** . . 106 thI 119 prakaraNa caudamuMH udyoga-dhaMdho - rojagAra akIkane udyoga-akIkanA udyogano itihAsa-akIkane ghaDavAnI ane polizanI rIta-paMcAyatonA rivAja--bIjA udyogo-kApaDa-mIThuM-paracuraNa udhogo. ... pR. 120 thI 131 prakaraNa paMdaramuM vahIvaTa hiMdu samaya--musalamAna samaya-jamInamahesula-nyAyakhAtuM- jakAta ane Avaka: musalamAna samaya-sva. navAbasAhebe karelA vahIvaTI sudhArA-myunisipAliTI-hAla thaelA pheraphAra-khaMbhAtanA dIvAna-I.sa. 1880 pachI khaMbhAtanA dIvAna-hAlanA dIvAnasAheba. * * * pR. 132 thI 139 prakaraNa seLayuM sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI prAcIna samAja-madhyakAlina hiMdu samAja-samAjanI saMskAritA-khaMbhAtI rAgajaina kavi gaSabhadAsa--jena bhaMDAra- keLavaNI. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * pR. 140 thI 147 prakaraNa sattaramuM jovAlAyaka sthaLo nagarA-brahmAnI mUrtio-jayAditya--keTezvara-bhagavAna buddhadevanI mUrti-paurANika sthaLo -zaheranI aMdara ane bahAranAM paracuraNa sthaLo-jumA masjida-aMgrejI koThI-bagIcA ane taLAvo -keTa ane daravAjA-vaDavA-jaina maMdira-bIjAM hiMdumusalamAna dhAmo-kAkAkelA-abhAtathI dUra AvelAM . . . . . . . . . . pR. 148 thI 154 prakaraNa aDhAramuMH hAlane samaya ane navAba sAheba bahAduranI abhilASAo pR. 155 thI 156 pariziSTa 2 : khaMbha-skaMbhatIrtha, liMgapUjA ane lATa deza khaMbhAta nAma, khaMbha-staMbha ane vaiyAkaraNa-thaMbha, khaMbha ane hiMdanI prAMtabhASAo-vaidika khaMbhaatharvavedamAM saMbha-staMbha ane liMgapUjA-pazcima eziyAnA dezomAM staMbha pUjA ane enuM mULa-hiMdamAM staMbha pUjA--khaMbha ane zivaliMga-ziva dharmanI prAcInatA-purANa pramANe liMgapUjAnI utpatti-purANo pramANe kuMbha ane ziva-pAchaLanI carcAne sAra--khaMbhAta ane taMbha pUjA-staMbha-khaMbha: ligeTubhava mUrti -lATa deza-lATa zabdanI utpatti-lATa ane taMbha- lATa eTale staMbha' e hiMdanI bahArane zabda. ** . pR. 159 thI 174 pariziSTa : sarasvatIno pravAha-enI sAthe khaMbhAtanA akhAtane saMbaMdha sarasvatI nadI: devI--hAlanI traNa sarasvatI-vaidika sarasvatI-paurANika sarasvatI-vedakALa ane sarasvatI lupta thayAnI paraMparA vaccene mATe samaya-himAlayathI kAThiyAvADanA kinArA sudhI thaLo, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #15
12 anukramaNikA vahevAnA kAcaDA--prabhAsa sudhInA rastA--nadInA paTamAM thaelA pheraphAra--sarasvatInA dakSiNanA pravAha -----khabhAtanA akhAta e sarasvatInuM mukha--siMdhu ane sarasvatInAM mukha-sarasvatI ane uttara gUjarAtanI nadIe--gUjarAta ane kAThiyAvADa vacce sarasvatInA pravAha--khaMbhAtanA akhAta--prabhAsa ane sarasvatInuM mukha--sarasvatInAM tIrtho--sarasvatItaTanA prAcIna AzrameA--sarasvatIne dariyA jeveza pravAha ane pazcima hiMdanuM raNa--sarasvatI e ja bhAgIrathI gaMgA hoya? pR. 175 thI 196 pariziSTa 6 : asure ane gUjarAtanA kinArA devA ane asurA--dAsa jAti--devAsura saMgrAma--pazcima hiMdanI nadIe ane asure--devAsura saMgrAmanA kALanirNaya--asurAH pazcima hiMdanA kinAza ane samudra-asurA ane gujarAtanA kinAreza gUjarAta ane vyaktigata asure--asura saMskRti gujarAtamAMthI dakSiNamAM gaI...asurA ane zivapUjA--. asurA ane keMdrapUjA--asurA ane devIpUjA--asurA ane akhaira nati gRjarAtamAM. ... pR. 197 thI 216 pariziSTa 3 : bhAgavatI ane pAtAla -enI sAthe gUjarAtanA kinArAnA saMbaMdha khaMbhAtanuM bheAgavatI nAma--pAtAla--paurANika pAtAlavarNana--pAtAla pRthvI upara ke pRthvInI aMdara?--- saptapAtAla-pAtAla, nAgalAka ane paurANika bhUgoLa--pAtAla, hATakezvara ane gUjarAtanA kinArA-asala hATakezvarakSetra karyAM ?----pAtAla, hATakezvarakSetra ane gujarAtanA kinArAnA saMbaMdhanI paracuraNu vigatA--pAtAla, nAgalAka ane samudra---gUjarAtamAM nAgapU-- bhAgavatI--pAtAla ane paNi~~upasaMhAra.pR. 217 thI 238 pariziSTa 6 : khaMbhAtanA rAjavaMzanI vaMzAvaLI pariziSTa hai : khaMbhAta rAjyanAM gAmeAnI cAdI pR. 239 pR. 240 pariziSTa go - saMskRta lekhA---Nmanavuramya Tela:--vaDavAnI vAvanA lekhanagarAmAM jayAdityanA maMdiranA lekhana phArasI lekhA-masIdanA uttaranA bAraNA uparanA lekha-va karavAnA heAja uparanA lekha H-- jumA masjidanA TAMkA uparanA lekhannumA masjidanI dakSiNa tarapha AvelI meATI kabara uparanA lekha-- jumA masjidanI dakSiNa tarapha AvelI nAnI kabarane lekha--maeNjisTreTa korTanI pUrve AvelI nAnI AnI (pahelI) kabara uparanA lekha--maeNjisTreTa kArTanI pUrve AvelI bIjI kabara uparanA lekha~~traNa daravAjA uparanA jUnA lekha--lAlabAganA lekha-IdagAhanA lekha-- khaMbhAta saMsthAnanI mAdazAhI sana meAgala zahenazAha zAhaAlame hIjarI sane 1210mAM najamakhAna bahAdurane ApelI sanada~sanadanI pRThe zerA-megala zahenazAha zAhaAlame hIjarI sane 1210mAM yAvaraalIkhAna bahAdurane ApelI sanada--sanadanI rRThe zerA. pR. 241 thI 271 ... pariziSTa au : AdhArabhUta graMthAnI yAdI saMskRta-gUjarAtI--aMgrejI. For Private and Personal Use Only .... ... pR. 272 thI rR. 276

Page #16
48 100 | citrono krama nAmadAra navAba sAheba, hijha hAinesa, najamuddaulA, mumatAjha-ula-mulka, momInakhAna bahAdura, dilAvarajaMga, navAba mirajhAM husena yAvarakhAna sAheba bahAdura triraMgI mukhacitra nAmadAra mahema navAba sAheba jApharaalIkhAna sAheba bahAdura nAmadAra navAba sAheba momInakhAna trIjA (eka prAcIna citra uparathI) nArezvara taLAva, lAla daravAjA ane lAlabAga nAmadAra navAba sAhebamomInakhAna bIjA (I. sa. 1781mAM mi. phorbsa pratyakSa joine kareluM citra) 80 I.sa. 17raramAM khaMbhAta zaherano dakSiNa bAjuno dekhAva (phorbsa orIenTala memaeNrsamAMthI) I.sa. 1781mAM dilakhuza bagIcAne dekhAva khaMbhAtamAM IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInI jUnI keDI jumA masjida jumA masjidanI aMdaranI ArasanI kabaro; te uparanA lekha tathA kataraNa sahita 104 baMdara paranA dekhAva 116 khaMbhAta zaheranA rastAnAM do 120 rAjamahelanAM daze 128 khaMbhAtanI nyAyakorTa ane navI hAIskUla 132 bhAdalA taLAva, tenI aMdaranI khaMDiyera vAva tathA dilakhuza bagIcAvALI jagyA 136 pAvara hAusa ane navAba jApharaalIkhAna vaioTara varksa 140 hemacaMdrasUrIzvarajIno upAzraya, sthaMbhana pArzvanAthanuM daherAsara tathA sthaMbhana pArzvanAthanI mUrti 144 nagarAnA prAcIna avazeSo 148 zrImada rAjacaMdranuM dhAma tathA vaDavAnI vAvanI aMdaranAM ane bahAranAM dazya 152 yAta maMjhila 156 kuMbha athavA liMgobhava mUrti pirANika bhAratavarSane nakazA 176 dIvAna sAheba ane eNDaminisTreTara sAheboH rA.ba. mAdhavarAma vyAsa, mi. esa. abdulalatIphakhAna, mi. ke. Ara. bamanajI, mi. vI. ke. nAmajozI, mi. jI.eca. gugalI 184 saiyadaema.esa.maulavI, rA.ba.e. ke. kulakaNa, mi. vI.bI.mahetA, dI..narmadAzaMkara mahetA, khA. ba. epha. esa. mAsTara 192 khaMbhAta rAjyano nakazo 240 bAdazAhI sanado 218 168 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #17
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pAnuM 15 (neAM) 24 (ne) 27 (ne) "" 34 108 109 110 121 (ne) 138 161 162 (nAM) 170 (nAM) 170 (neAM) 172 (bheAM) 176 178 (na) 181 182 21 182 (meAM) 191 (nAM) 193 204 (nAM) 206 (nAM) 209 (neAM) "" "3 21 213 "3 "" 214 rarara: 12 zuddhipatraka (neAMdha-kuTaneTanI bhUla hoya te neAM' ema lakhyuM che). lITI pa 19 18 3 23 10 ra 19 K 9 ma '' 15 15 . 10 23 18 6 13 9 20 www.kobatirth.org 17 18 6ne 7 azabda vasaMtanA kAAMkaiya staMbhAsyaM maTe che. jana vaiparIe rAkhAvAmAM avavAthI dekhavA mAvajIbhAI prava sakta atha staMbha Me Crdudls pavanata jAnI rAma thaelA pArANika gALadha vhAi De pArimAtra pAzrama vaiDaryuM prayatna kare che yu. se. kampeADIA dhu. ke. zAsanakRta nAdelA dAnevA thripa AbhAra cArathantavAsinaH AvelI pUjAnuM zuddha vasaMta kArtikeya staMbhAkhyaM mUke che jaina vepArIe rAkhavAmAM AvavAthI dekhAvA bhAjhabhAI brahma sUkta arthe staMbha Mc Crindles pAvanata jUnI sAmane thaelA paiArANika gALArdha vhAITaheDe pAriyAtra pazcima vaisUrya prayatna karyAM che. yu. saM. kamboDIA 6. ke. zAsrIkRta niMdelA dAnavAdhipa AbhIra cAtyantavAsinaH AvelI devIpUjAnuM

Page #18
bhUmikA nA stAvanA karatAM kAMI vizeSa kahevAnuM hoya tyAre bhUmikA vagerenI jarUra paDe. khaMbhAtano - A aitihAsika prabaMdha lakhavAmAM je keTalIka khAsa carcAo karI che tene mATe ane emAM lIdhelI AdhArasAmagrI mATe thoDuM lakhavAnI jarUra che. khaMbhAtanuM sthAna gUjarAtamAM, bhAratavarSamAM ane dakSiNa eziyAnA AkhA samudrakinArA upara, kayAM--kevI madhyastha jagyAe AveluM che te anyatra ApelA nakazA uparathI jaNAze. AvuM sthaLa game te nAme, game te samayamAM paNa samRddha hoya emAM navAI nathI. "khaMbhAta' nAmamAM je prAcInatAnA bhaNakArA vAge che evA bIjA koI paNa prAcIna zaheranA nAmamAM bhAgye ja vAgatA jaNAze. ApaNA samartha gujarAtI vidvAna zrI narasiMharAvabhAi, sva. zrI tanasukharAmabhAI ane sva. zrI sI. DI. dalAle A zaheranA nAma mATe evI vistRta carcA AjathI vIsa varasa pahelAM karelI che ke evI carcA gUjarAtanA koI paNa gAmanA nAma mATe thaI jANelI nathI. mane lAge che ke AkhA hiMdustAnamAMnA koI zaheranA sthaLa ke anya ItihAsa mATe kadAca thaI hoya; paraMtu kevaLa nAmaabhidhAna-mATe ATalI carcA thaI jANyAmAM nathI. khaMbhAta' nAma mATenI A carcAthI, enI AsapAsa gUMthAelI paurANika paraMparAo vagerethI khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa, sAmAnya rIte pramANabhUta graMthomAM ullekho maLe che tenAthI ghaNuM prAcIna hoya ema sahaja samajAya che. khaMbhAtanA nAma ane sthaLanI prAcInatAnI carcAmAM ApaNe prAMtanA ghaNA prAcIna itihAsa -sAmAjika, dhArmika, bhaugolika itihAsanI carcAno prasaMga prApta thAya che. je prAcIna saMskRtiomAMthI hAlanI viziSThamizraNa vALI (composite)hiMdu saMskRti janmI e saMskRtionA itihAsanAM uDAM bhoMyarAmAM Aje maLI AvatA chUTAchavAyA ullekho ane avazeSonAM sAmAnya dIvaDAM laI pisavuM paDe che. vaLI A dIvaDAMne koI paNa bAjuthI pavana lAgatAM holavAI javAno saMbhava paNa kharo. koI dizAe pavanane saMbhava jaNAtAM hAthanI ADa karI saMbhALIne cAlatAM paNa vakhate hAlavAvAno Dara to rahe ja. pavanathI na halavAya evA vIjaLInA dIvA ApaNA prAcIna itihAsanAM bhoMyarAmAM javA mATe hajI maLatA nathI. prakAzanI AvI apUrNatAmAM mohana-jo-DeronI zodhane ApaNe vIjaLInA eka dIvA sAthe sarakhAvI zakIe. paraMtu e dIvAnI vIjaLIno pravAha akhalita che ke nAnI beTarInI peThe khUTI paDe evo che e hajI kuzaLa ijanero nakakI karI zakyA nathI; temaja ghaNA moTA aMdhakAramAM eka evo dI ApaNAM dezI dIvaDAo karatAM saheja ja vadhu prakAza ApI zake. game tema paNa e dIvAo ema batAvI ApyuM che ke ApaNA prAcIna itihAsanAM bheMyarAmAM pahelAnAM dIvaDAe jhAMkhI jeelI keTalIka vastuo kharI ne keTalIka khoTI che, ane jUnI mAnyatAo eka vAra dUra karI navesarathI AkhuM bhoMyaruM tapAsavAnI jarUra che. sAhityanA AdhAra-dIvA-mAM vedasaMhitAnA maMtromAM je aitihAsika ullekha che te gaNI zakAya. veda dhArmika graMtha che, eTale emAM itihAsanI khAtara e ullekho ApelA nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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12 bhUmika paraMtu emAM itihAsa samULago nathI ema na ja kahevAya. jeTalA aitihAsika ullekhe vedamAM che eTalA to UlaTA sAdA sIdhA ane saraLa che. paraMtu vedamaMtrano keTaloka bhAga eTalo badho prAcIna che ke e vakhatanI paraMparA lupta thavAthI pAchaLanA vivecakee enA artho karavAmAM ghaNI chUTa lIdhI che. vedArthamAM konA arthane mAna ane konA arthane na mAno e moTI gUMcavaNa che. vedArthamAM yAskathI sAyaNa sudhInA ApaNuM vaidika ApaNuM paraMparAne vadhAre samaje e satya che. yuropIya vidvAne keTakeTalIka vAra ethI virUddha paDIne tarehavAra artha kare tene keTaluM vajana ApavuM te savAla che. paraMtu jyAM sAdA lakhANamAM aneka arthane avakAza rahe tyAM jarA vicAra te karavo ja paDe. yuropIya vidvAna koI maMtrano kalpanAmaya artha Ape tyAM tene vajana na ghaTe; paraMtu jyAM ApaNuM vaidikeno artha emane pUrvApara saMbaMdhano virodhI lAgatuM hoya tyAM emanA matane ApaNe bhale vajana na ApIe to dhyAnamAM te levo paDe. ratha ne meksamUlara vagere karatAM sAyaNane yAska vedasamayanI vadhAre pAse hatA emAM zaMkA nathI; paraMtu vedanA aitihAsika ullekhavALA prAcInatama sAdA maMtro ane pAchaLanA karmakAMDa tathA tatvajJAnanI vipulatA thayA pachInA maMtro vacce eTale badhe samaya gaelo che ke artha karavAmAM ghaNuM aMtarAya naDe. ApaNuM vaidika upara pAchaLanA A pravAhonI asara thAya e saMbhavita che. yAska Adi prAcInamAM prAcIna dArthavivecake ne paNa vedanA artha karavAmAM muzkelI jaNAI hatI. yAska pote potAnI pahelAM 31 vedArtha karanArA thaI gayA ema jaNAve che. khuda vedanA maMtromAM paNa keTalAka maMtro ghaNuM prAcIna samayanI vAta kare che. bhagu Adi keTalAka RSie vedanA keTalAka maMtrothI ye jANe ghaNA prAcIna hoya ema jaNAI Ave che. parokSa, pratyakSa ane AdhyAtmika ema maMtronA pADelA bhAga ja eTaluM to siddha kare che ke vedanA keTalAka maMtro pitAnA samayathI ghaNA prAcIna samayanI vAta vyakta kare che. AvAM kAraNethI keTalAka mitronA artha baMdhabesatA nathI, lupta thayA jevA lAge che ane bhASyakAranA artha kheMcI kADhelA jevA jaNAya che. AvA mitronA arthamAM yuropIya vidvAna obscure kahe che te kharuM ja che. ATalA mATe ja ApaNA zAstrakAroe dArthanuM itihAsapurANathI samupa bRhaNa karavAnuM kaheluM che. ema karyA vagara vedArthanuM khUna thAya che. purANe saMbaMdhI ghaNA mata ghaNo vakhata cAlyA; paraMtu pAchaTare yathArtha vivecanathI emanuM mahattva siddha karyuM. hAlanAM svarUpanAM purANe pahelAM, sUtasAhitya-purANa-mULa svarUpamAM hatAM ane emAM pAchaLathI brAhmaNae camatkArika vAto umerI hAlanAM purA karyA. pAchaTara te purANone veda jeTalAM ja jUnAM mAne che. purANa pite pitAne vedathI pahelAM thaelAM kahe che. agnipurANa kahe che ke brahmAe pahelAM purANo kayAM ane pachI veda karyA. A badhAne artha eTalo ja che ke hiMdustAnanI ati prAcIna paraMparAo vedamaMtro jeTalI ke tethI paNa jUnI che, ane te paraMparAo vedamaMtro "vedanuM pada pAmyA nahi hoya kevaLa prArthanAo haze-tethI paNa pahelAMnI cAlI AvatI haze; ane e paraMparAprApta vAto sUtee saMgrahI che. Ama purANanI keTalIka paraMparAo veda jeTalI ke vedathI paNa jUnI Thare che. je svarUpamAM sUtee emane saMgrahI temAM pheraphAra thayA haze ke nahi te jANavAnuM sAdhana nathI, paraMtu sUtonuM sAhitya lupta thaI te For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUmikA 17 uparathI hAlanA svarUpanAM purANA thayAM temAM teA ghaNA pheraphAra thaI gayA te spaSTa che. Ama chatAM paNa ghaNI jhINavaTathI tapAsatAM hAlanAM purANAmAMthI paNa evI prAcIna bAbate tAravI zakAya che ke je vedArthanuM samupa bRhaNa karavAmAM kAMIka madada paNa kare che. pAiTare A dRSTithI purANene joyAM te vakhate mehena---jo-DerAnI zodha bahAra nahAtI AvI. veDelanA hiMda ane sumeriyaneAnI mahArachApA ukelavAnA prayatna e pachInA gaNI zakAya. enA tarka kharA hAya to teA veda ane purANeAnI aitihAsikatA upara ghaNe! prakAza paDe. paraMtu e tarkone hajI vidrAneA mAnya karatA nathI. veDele e tarko evI rIte karelA che ke hajI khIjA ghaNA sabaLa AdhAre maLe teA ja e mAnya rAkhI zakAya. paraMtu emAMthI eTaluM te mAnavuM paDe tema che ke asIriyA vagere pazcima eziyAnA dezone hiMdanA pazcima kinArA ane paMjAba sAthe saMbaMdha hatA. A vastu ApaNA prAcIna sAhityane AdhAre vadhAre cAsarIte siddha karavA preA. anaMtaprasAda baeNnarajI zAstrIe prayatna karyAM che. e vakhate mAhena-jo-DerAnI zodheA thaelI ane enA chuTaka ahevAla prakaTa thaelA. paraMtu e zeAdhA upara AdhArabhUta savistara graMtha bahAra paDayo nahAtA. preA. baeNnarajI zAstrInA 'hiMdustAnamAM asurA' (Asura in India) e nAmanA eka lAMbA nibaMdhamAM emaNe asura jAti ane emanA hiMdustAna sAthenA saMbaMdha----khAsa karIne pazcima hiMda sAthenA saMbaMdha--nI dhaNA AdhAra ane vivecana sAthe carcA karI che. AmAM peAtAnA viSayanA samarthananA utsAhanA pUramAM taNAi kAi vAra kAMika vAte vivAdAtmaka paNa mUkelI che; paraMtu emaNe ApelA mULa AdhAre| te te mULa graMthAmAM tapAsI tei jatAM emanuM maMtavya ApaNane yathArtha lAge tyAM grahaNa karavAmAM vAMdho nathI. asurA ApaNA jevI mANasanI eka jAti hatI e teA have dhaNA vidvAnAe mAnya rAkheluM che. pArtharathI esa. vI. vizvanAtha sudhInA A viSayanA vidvAna lekhakAe e vAta mAnya rAkhyA chatAM vaidika samayamAM hiMdamAM asurA, dAsA ane Aryo ema traNa bhinna jAti hatI ema spaSTa kahyuM nathI. preA. baeNnarajI zAstrIe asurAne dAsa ane Ayo~thI bhinna jAtinA siddha karI emanI khAsiyatA, emanI saMskRti ane e traNe jAtionuM hAlanA hiMduemAM thaeluM mizraNa, eTaluM U~DI carcA karI siddha karyuM che. AvI carcAmAM vAdaprata vAta paNa hAi zake. ApaNI carcAmAM asurA ane pazcima hiMdanA kinArAne lagatA viSayamAM preA. baeNnarajI zAstrInuM maMtavya grahaNa karyuM che, chatAM vAdagrasta viSaya tarapha paNa dhyAna kheMcyuM che. mULa AdhAra banI zake teTalA je jene vajana ApavA lAyaka hoya te ja grahaNa karyAM che. tricInApallInI kaoNlejavALA preA. vizvanAthe emanA Racial Synthesis in Indian Culture (Trubner's Oriental Series 1928) graMthamAM A viSayeA uttama rIte calA chatAM asurAnI vigata ATalI spaSTa karI nathI. mRkavAcaH--na samajI zakAya evI bhASA khelanAra--asurA,devA eTale navA AvanAra AryAM ane mULa vatanIdAseAthI jAtie judA hatA e vAta spaSTa teA preA. baeNnaraNe ja karI che. zrI jyeA. meA. caeNTarajIe emanA Ethical Conception of the Cathas e nAmanA graMthamAM pArasIenI gAthAnA AdhAre A vAtanuM vadhAre samarthana kareluM che. ahIM eka vAta e vicAravAnI che ke 'deva' zabdanA artha devane-- For Private and Personal Use Only

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18 bhUmikA AryonA devane~na mAnanAra evA karavAmAM Ave che. zarUAtamAM asure ane dAsA AyyanA pUjya devAne niha mAnatA hoya e kharUM che; paraMtu prAcIna irAnImAM 'daeva' (deva) zabdane je artha karyAM che te jotAM devA eTale A! e artha laie te 'deva'ne artha Arya nahi te, AryaMtara jAtie ema kema na levAya? vedamAM Arya, dAsa ane adeva ema traNa jAti kahe che te A vAtane Teko Ape che, pre. banarajI zAstrIe ATalI vAta spaSTa karI nathI. emaNe asurAnA judA devAnuM vivecana karyuM che. emAM devIe mULa asura jAtinI eTaluM khAsa mAnavA jevuM che ane devAne viSaya vAdagrasta che. A uparAMta AryaMtara varNonA devA viSe je je carcA thai che temAM zivaputra kuMdanI pUjA e eka meTA kAyaDA che. e ukelavAnA khAsa prayatna thaelA jaNAyA nathI. e prayatna ahIM saheja karavAmAM AvyA che. dakSiNa hiMdanA drAviDAnA meATA samUhamAM A skaMdapUjAnuM keTaluM mahattva che te uttaranA leAkane bhAgye ja khyAlamAM Ave. asura saMskRtinuM juduM varNana karyAM vagara have bhAratanI prAcIna saMskRtinA kASTha itihAsa saMpUrNa gaNAya nahi. agragaNya asurAne mAravA mATe purANAe viSNunA avatAronI kalpanA karelI che. enI aitihAsikatAmAM UtaravAnuM A sthaLa nathI; paraMtu e asurA pote kalpanAthI UbhI karelI vyaktie nahAtI ema te have manAtuM AvyuM che. e badhI paraMparAmAM khaMbhAta AgaLa tArakAsura marAye e vAta jarA judI paDe che. meTA prasiddha asurezane mAravAne jema viSNunA avatAra thayA tema Ane mAravA mATe zivaputra kArtikeyano avatAra thayA. ApaNI dhArmika saMskRtinA itihAsamAM A bInA ghaNI agatyanI che. meATI vyaktione mAravA mATe ApaNAmAM IzvarI avatAra thavAnI je vAtA ceAjAelI che te paraspara vireAdhI saMskRtinI jAtionAM, dharma ke bIjA vireAdhanAM kAraNeAne laine thaelAM cirasmaraNIya yuddhonuM paurANika svarUpa mAtra che. skaMda-kArtikeyanuM aitihAsika vyaktitva game te hAya, paraMtu e AkhI ye bInAne zaiva saMpradAyanA keAI prAcIna svarUpa sAthe dhaNA saMbaMdha hoya ema jaNAya che. zaiva matanI utpattine hiMdanA pazcima kinArA sAthe khAsa saMbaMdha che. meAhena-jo-DerAnI zeAdhAe zaiva matanA prAcIna svarUpanI vyApakatA ane prAcInatA batAvI che. gujarAtanA kinArA AryaMtara thavA ane devIbhaktAnAM sauthI jUnAM thANAM hoya, ane uttaramAM brahmAvartamAM rahenArA vaidika Aryo sAthe temane hamezanI athaDAmaNa thayA karatI hoya, ema paurANika paraMparA vyakta kare che. Arya ane AryaMtara----asura-dAsa-saMskRtionuM chevaTanuM mizraNa thayuM, emAMthI hAlanI hiMdu saMskRtinuM mULa svarUpa janmyuM, enimite aneka athaDAmaNeA ane jAtienAM bhramaNA thayAM, e badhAmAM siMdhu ane sarasvatInA kinArA ane mukhapradezoe-eTale ke gUjarAta ane kacchanA kinArAe, agatyano bhAga bhajavyeA che. A badhuM sAthe vicAratAM, mehena-jo- DerAnI zeAdha ane vedapurANeAnI vAteAnA pharI navI daSTie vicAra karatAM zaiva saMpradAya ane devI saMpradAyanA itihAsa tathA emanI prAcInatAneA paNa pharI vicAra karavAneA samaya prApta thAya teA navAI nathI. A dizAmAM hajI je prayatno thayA che te zarUAta mAtra che. kharUM zuM haze e teA ghaNA lAMbA samayanI zodhakheALa pachI nakkI thaI zake. havenA roAdhakane emAM ijiptathI hiMda sudhInI saMskRtinI For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUmikA sAmagrI bhegI karavI paDe. paraMtu A dizAe najara karavAnI have jarUra che eTaluM kahevAno ahIM mAtra uddeza che. A graMthamAM je pariziSTo ApelA che temAM e dizAe sAmAnya daSTi mAtra karelI che; keI chevaTanuM satya kahevAne dAvo karela nathI. koIne kAMI navuM kahevAnuM maLe ane e nimitte kAMI jANavAnuM paNa maLe e IrAdAthI paurANika ane bIjI sAmagrI vAMcanAranI AgaLa najara karelI che. ahIM eTaluM paNa kahevuM joie ke RgvadanI prAcInatAnI sAthe atharvavedanI prAcInatA ane enA aitihAsika tatva upara dRSTi karavAnI jarUra che. Atara vaNano-khAsa karIne asura jAtinI saMskRtino ItihAsa Rgyeda karatAM paNa kadAca atharvavedamAMthI vadhAre maLe. atharvavedanI vyApatA bharatakhaMDa karatAM kadAca ghaNA vizALa kSetramAM hoya ema have vidvAnone jaNAyuM che. atharvavedanI saMskRtine cheka eNsiriyA sudhI paNa saMbaMdha hoya ema lokamAnya tilaka jevA vidvAnane lAgyuM che ane e mata sabaLa thatA AvyA che. atharvavedanuM kuMbha mukta e vedane sarvathI pahelo veda gaNe che. staMbhanuM je paurANika rUpa thayuM che te jotAM, kuMbha, atharvaveda, ziva mata e badhAnI bhaugolika vyApakatA vagere savAlo ghaNA vicAra karavA jevA che. AryonA vijaya pahelAM A badhI saMskRtinuM kendra siMdhu ane sarasvatInA nIcalA taTa tathA mukhapradeza hatA. siMdhu hAla che tyAM nahi paNa kacchanA raNanI jagyAe maLatI; ane sarasvatI tenI pUrva thaI dakSiNa-pazcima samudrane maLatI; eTale A kendra ApaNA prAMtanuM prAcIna nAma game te hoya, paNa hAla enI je hada manAya che te hadamAM hatuM. eTale enAM prAcIna sthaLonI mahattA e dRSTie vicAravAnI che. purANo hAla je svarUpamAM che te mULa purANo uparathI thaelAM che. emAM ghaNA sudhArAvadhArA thaelA che, chatAM emAM prAcIna paraMparAo tarI Ave che e AgaLa joyuM. AvAM purANomAM ApaNA prAMtane lagato moTe bhAge skaMdapurANamAM Ave che;-jo ke bIjAM purANa ane mahAbhAratamAM paNa ullekho maLI Ave che. purANonA A badhA bhAganI prAcInatA mATe purANaniSNAtoe carcA karelI che. skaMdAdi purANomAM teramI-caudamI sadInA banAvonA isArA paNa jaNAI Ave che te kharUM che. paraMtu e purANono i.sa. 1030mAM abarUnIe spaSTa ullekha karelo che eTale evA kaI prakSipta bhAgo bAda karatAM hAlanA rUpamAM paNa purANonI prAcInatA spaSTa thAya che, ane vadhAre prAcIna bhAga ekabIjAnI sarakhAmaNIthI nIkaLI Ave che. varAhamihira jevA khagoLazAstrInA temaja rAjazekhara jevA sAhityanA bIjA AdhAre A badhAnA samarthanamAM kAma lAge tevA che. A graMthamAM je paurANika bhUgoLa-ItihAsane lagato bhAga ane pariziSTa lakhyAM che te vAMcatAM pahelAM ATalI carcA dhyAnamAM levA vinaMti che. vedanA aitihAsika ullekha ane purANenA ullekhone saheja navI dRSTithI jovAnuM mahena-jo-Deree batAvyuM che. pariziSTamAM je viSaya carcA che te A daSTie maLI teTalI hakIkata bhegI karIne calA che. e vize saMdigdha hovAthI emane pariziSTamAM mUkyA che. emAM karelAM anumAna ane nirNayo kharAM hoya ke boTAM hoya; paNa satya hakIkta uparathI chevaTe anumAna karavAnuM ane bhaviSyamAM koIne koI navI vigata maLe to For Private and Personal Use Only

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20 bhUmikA te mATe aMgulinirdeza karavAnuM kAMI khoTuM gaNAya nahi. ane kadAca e anumAna yathArtha na hoya ke nirNaya khoTA hoya te paNa tene mATe bhegI karelI vigate te satya ja che. ahIM bIjI be vAto kahI devAnI jarUra che. eka te e ke keTalAka vidvAnonuM ema mAnavuM che ke devAsura saMgrAma e mAtra manuSyajAtinI daivI ane AsurI saMpatti vaccenuM yuddha che. tattvadRSTinA prAdhAnyavALA ApaNA dezamAM A bAbate lokonuM mana eTaluM badhuM kabaje karyuM hatuM ke devo ane asuronA yuddhonAM rUpo jAyAM. A maMtavya hAlanI daSTie vedanI aitihAsiktAnI avagaNanA karavA barAbara che. tattvajJAna ApaNA dezanA jJAnapravAhamAM eka mukhya pravAha che tenI nA nathI; paraMtu tethI e maMtavya siddha thatuM nathI. ApaNA pUrvajomAM tattvajJAnanI daSTi vadhavA mAMDI e karatAM paNa ghaNI prAcIna A devAsura saMgrAmanI vAta che. eTale UlaTuM e aitihAsika vAtamAMthI A tattvadaSTinI saMpattiono udabhava thaelo che. asuranA vidhvaMsa pachI jAtionuM je apUrva mizraNa thaI gayuM temAM vijetA deva-Aryo hovAthI manuSyanA halakA bhAvane emaNe tattvadaSTie AsurI saMpatti nAma ApyuM ane sArA bhAvane pitAnuM nAma ApyuM. Aje paNa vijetA prajAomAM evuM kyAM nathI banatuM? uparanuM maMtavya kahenArA vidvAno mAro catrI, paMkti gArI, mayura cUTa, mayurastri vagere zabdono khulAso kare to ApaNane vadhAre jANavAnuM maLe. mAnAmaytyameva vagere sAsura zabdano mAnavAcaka artha to eTale prasiddha che ke e vAta javA daIe. bIjuM, prAcIna kALamAM bhUgoLa ane itihAsanI daSTie keTalAka gujarAtane zanya mAne che. gujarAta nAma prAcIna nathI e uparathI enI bhUmi prAcIna nathI ane tethI ene lagatuM badhuM madhyakAlina ja gaNAya ema to manAya ja nahi, ane gujarAtane hiMdamAM kaniSTa paNa kahevAya nahi. bhUmivibhAgonAM nAma kALe karIne phare ethI kAMI bhUminA ItihAsanI prAcInatA maTatI nathI. kaI kahe che ke bauddho vagerenA prAcIna sAhityamAM gUjarAtanA kinArAnA thoDA ullekha sivAya ApaNuM prAMtanuM nAmanizAna jaDatuM nathI, eTale kinArA sivAya bAkInuM badhuM verAna haze. eTapiTarsabarganuM nAma chellI laDAI vakhate peTrogreDa paDyuM tethI peTrogreDa nAma pachI ja eno ItihAsa zarU thaye ane yuropanAM zaheromAM e kaniSTa, ema kema kahevAya ? mANasano dAkhalo lyo. keIne nAnapaNamAM babalo kahetA hoya ane moTapaNamAM bIjuM nAma phalANAprasAda DhIkaNalAla paDyuM eTale e nAmathI ja enuM caritra zarU thayuM ema kahI zakAya kharuM? baMgALanA gavarnaranuM nAma lorDa ronAlDaze hatuM, hAla lorDa keTalaeNnDa che, nAnapaNamAM vaLI bIju khristI nAma haze. have bhaviSyanA enuM caritra lakhanAra zuM chevaTanuM jheTalaeNnDa nAma laIne ja vicAra karaze? eNvitha chevaTamAM oNrDa oNksapharDa kahevAya, eTale sakivatha nAmathI enA jIvanano kharo bhAga gayo enI gaNanA nahi karavAnI? A dAkhalA hamaNAMnA che. A dAkhalAnI pahelAMnA nAmonA ItihAsa paNa maLe che. ApaNA dezamAM spaSTa sAdhananI uNapathI pUrva nAmanI vigata joIe tevI nathI maLatI, eTalo mAtra phera che. paraMtu tethI pUrve dezane ItihAsa na hatuM ke prAMta kaniSTa hato ema na kahevAya. AvI nakArAtmaka dalIlane vadhAre AdhAra joIe. For Private and Personal Use Only

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21 bhUmikA AthI UlaTuM anUpadeza, bhRgukaccha, prabhAsa, surASTra, Anarta vagere nAmo ghaNAM prAcIna che. A nAma kinArAne lagatAM che ema kahIne aMdarano bhAga verAna hato ke aprasiddha hatuM ema paNa keTalAka kahe che te zI rIte manAya? koI daivI vegathI siMdhuthI magadha sudhIne pradeza khAsa karIne ApaNI dhArmika pravRtti ane saMskRtinA kendrarUpa thaI paDaze,-vedakALa pachI paNa tema ja cAlu rahyo. ApaNe pradeza ane kinAro te vakhate eTalo ja prasiddha, chatAM vepAra jevA te vakhate halakA gaNAtA asuranA kAryakSetra tarIke manAvA lAge. kamanasIbe hAla je je adhurI nedha maLI Ave che tenA lakhanAra paNa gaMgAyamunAnA madhyapradezane dhyAnamAM laI lakhatA ane ghaNA lakhanAra tyAMnA rahevAsI paNa hatA. ApaNA prAMta bAju janArane paNa prAyazcitta ApI pharI saMskAra ApavAnuM zAstrakAroe yojyuM hatuM; eTale svAbhAvikarIte ja ApaNI bAjunA bhAganA ullekho ochA Ave. kinArAnAM nAmo te prAcIna che ema badhA kabUla kare che. te kahevAnuM eTaluM ja che ke ApaNA prAMtanA mukhya vyavasAyanuM kendra kinAro ja hato, eTale enI ja noMdha vadhAre hoya. mANasanA zarIranuM pagathI mAthA sudhInuM jhINuM varNana enI pAse ja rahenArA sArI rIte karI zake; paNa UDatAM varNana agara dUra rahenArAe kahelAM varNana, mukha athavA caherAnAM varNana hoya. paraMtu ekalA mukhanuM varNana hoya to bIjA avayanA varNananA abhAvathI e avayavone abhAva siddha karAya nahi. eTale kinArAnA prAcIna ullekho maLe to aMdaranA pradezanA ullekhanA abhAvathI e pradeza verAna hato ema kahevAya nahi. mahena-jo-DerenA zodhake e eTaluM to siddha karyuM che ke tyAMnA khodakAmamAMthI cheka chellA paDamAMthI je vastuo maLI te I.sa. pUrve 3150 pahelAM nI hatI; ane evI eka samAna saMskRtinuM kSetra siMdhuthI khaMbhAtanA akhAtanI pUrve narmadAnA mukhapradeza sudhI gaNAya evAM cihno maLelAM che. A badhI carcA ane veda-purANanuM hAlanuM navuM daSTibiMdu e badhuM dhyAnamAM laI gUjarAtanA kinArAnI prAcInatA, asuronuM sthAna, sarasvatIno pravAha e badhAnI carcA upara najara karavAnI jarUra che. te sAthe khaMbhAtanA sthaLanI prAcInatA ane A bhUmivibhAgamAM rahelI enI kendrastha mahattAno vicAra paNa karavAnI jarUra che. khaMbhAtanuM nAma amuka sadInA ullekhothI pUrve maLatuM nathI mATe bIje koI nAme ene itihAsa haze ja nahi ema dhAravuM te yogya nathI. A prAcIna samayane itihAsa upalabhya prAcIna sAhityanA ullekhothI upajAvavAne che. koI navuM sabaLa pramANa maLe te emAM pheraphAra paNa karavo paDe. vacce evA meTA samayanA gALA AvI jAya che ke evA samaya mATe kAMI kahevAnuM maLatuM paNa nathI. gujarAtanA itihAsanA kSetranA samayamAM khaMbhAtanA sthaLa mATe kAMI kahI zakAya tevuM maLyuM nathI. madhyakAlina rajapUta samayanAM sAdhano to prasiddha che ane te ApaNA prAMtamAM jevAM ane jeTalAM maLe che tevAM bIjA koI prAMtane itihAsane mATe bhAgye ja maLe; joke hAlanI itihAsalekhananI vidyA te e sAdhanone apUrNaja gaNe. musalamAna samayathI tavArIkhamAM sAlavArInI sacoTatA ThIka jaLavAI che. e samayanI hiMdustAnane lagatI tavArIkhamAM paNa ApaNA prAMtane lagatuM ghaNuM maLe che. paraMtu ApaNA prAMta mATe For Private and Personal Use Only

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22 bhUmikA je khAsa judI tavArIkhA lakhAI che eTalI judI khIjAM prAtA mATe khAsa lakhAi hoya ema jANyAmAM nathI. e tavArIkheAnA guNadoSamAM UtaravAnuM A sthaLa nathI. gujarAtane lagatI keTalIka tavArIkhAnA pattA lAgatA nathI. je maLe che temAM tenA lekhakonA adhikAra pramANe tenA upara vajana mUkI zakAya, hAjI addazmIranA arabbImAM lakhelA gujarAtanA tihAsa, mIra abu turAbane lakhelA itihAsa vagerenA tarajUmA hajI thayA nathI. e thayA pachI gUjarAtanI svataMtra bAdazAhInA samayanA vadhAre vigatavALA ahevAla maLI zake. mAgalAInA pAchalA bhAgathI khaMbhAtanA rAjyanI sthApanA sudhInA itihAsa mATe mirAte ahumadInI vigata uttama kahI zakAya. e badhA banAvAmAM kartAe peAte sakriya bhAga lIdhele. e graMthanI kaI nakala kAmamAM levI agara kai nakala uparathI thaelA tarajUmA upayAgamAM levA e savAla khAsa vicAravAnA che. enA gheADA bhAganA tarajUmA sara klAiva khelI ane DA. bahu~ karelA che te vizvasanIya nakalA uparathI karelA che. hAla subhAgye dI. ba. rR. mA. jhaverI e graMthanA uttama tarajUmAnI khoTa pUrI pADe che te AnaMdanI vAta che. khaMbhAtane lagatI keTalIka vigatA muMbAI sarakAranAM daphatarAmAM che. e badhI isTa inDiyA kaMpanInA vakhatanI che. emAMthI aMgrejI keADIne lagatI vigata sivAya khaMbhAtanA tihAsane lagatI bIjI vigata bhAgye ja maLe tema che. aMgrejoe marAThA samayamAM rAjakIya prakaraNamAM je bhAga lIdheA te teA itihAsanI jAhera vAta che, eTale e saMbaMdhInAM sarakArI daphatarA vizeSa prakArA pADatAM nathI. khaMbhAta rAjya nAnuM che, paraMtu enuM mahattva aitihAsika dRSTie ghaNuM che. dhaNA prAcIna kALamAM dhArmika ane sAmAjika pravRttinA kendra tarIke khaMbhAtanA sthaLe agatyanA bhAga bhajavelA e vAta saMdigdha ane vAdagrasta jANI bAjue mUkIe tApaNa Arthika pravRttinI dRSTie hiMdustAnanA eka vakhatanA meTAmAM meATA baMdara tarIke enuM sthAna AkhA hiMdanA Arthika tihAsamAM meluM che. svataMtra saMsthAna thayA pachI rAjakIya dRSTie enuM mahattva echuM nahotuM. aitihAsika mahattva hamezAM kada ke dhanasaMpatti uparathI mapAtuM nathI, paraMtu dezakAla ane saMjogAnI paristhitinI sarakhAmaNI uparathI mapAya che. nijhAmanuM rAjya kadamAM ane saMpattimAM hAla AkhA hiMdamAM sauthI mATuM che, paraMtu aitihAsika dRSTie je saMnhegAmAM ane samayamAM e rAjya UbhuM thayuM te ja samaya ane saMjogAmAM hiMdamAM khIjAM ghaNAM rAjyeAnI sAthe khaMbhAtanuM rAjya paNa UbhuM thayuM. nijhAmanI gAdInA sthApakanA dAdo abdullAkhAna Aijha jaMgabahAdura gujarAtanAM sUkSmA hatA ane enI kabara hAla amadAvAdamAM che te thADA ja jANe che. mULa nijhAme pote paNa gheADA vakhata amadAvAdanI nAmanI sUbedArI karelI. khaMbhAtanI gAdInA sthApaka meAmInakhAna bahAduranI kabara paNa amadAvAdamAM che. e paNa gujarAtanA sUbA hatA ane emanA putra meAmInakhAna bIjA paNa gUjarAtanA sUbA hatA. meAgala samrATa taraphathI ekane (nijhAmane) nijhAma-ummulka phatehajaMga bahAdura AsAjaDAnA ilkAba hatA; bIjAne (khaMbhAtanA navAbane) najhamuddaulA mumatAjhulamulka meAmInakhAna bahAdura dilAvarajaMganA kiAba hatA. mogala sAmrAjyanA sUbA (prAMta) mAM gUjarAtanI kiMmata dakSiNa karatAM vadhAre hatI. nijhAma AsaphajahAe umaramAM moTA hovAthI meAmInakhAna karatAM thADAM varSa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUmikA 23 pahelAM mAthuM UMcuM karI svataMtratA meLavI hatI eTalA saheja phera che. mAnInakhAna pahelA ane meAmInakhAna bIjAe amadAvAdanI gAdI hAtha karI gUjarAtanuM Adhipatya, asta thatI meAgalAI vakhate meLavavAmAM AvyuM zUrava batAvyuM nathI. paraMtu deza ane kALamAM, hiMdustAnamAM badhe kALa eka hatA, deza prAMte prAMte judA hatA. je saMnhegAe nijhAmane dakSiNamAM mAruM rAjya hAtha karavAmAM sahAya karI te saMnhegAe meAmInakhAnane gUjarAtamAM moTuM rAjya sthApavAmAM sahAya na karI. I. sa. 1761nI pANIpatanI nAzakAraka chellI laDAI pachI hiMdabharamAM sattAvALA rAjA ane saradArAnI je sAtatAlInI ramata cAlI temAM, je jyAM dAva AvatAM beThA hatA te tyAMnA mAlika thai paDayo, e pachI paNa prAMtaprAMtanI rAjakIya ane sAmAjika paristhitie dhaNA bhAga bhajavyeA. gujarAtamAM eka rIte rAjakIya ane sAmAjika paristhiti dakSiNa karatAM judI hatI. marAThA sattAnuM eThuM vadhatuM zera te baMne jagyAe hatuM; paraMtu nAnA nAnA svataMtra rAjAo ane hakArA, ke jemane te vakhata sudhInI dareka sArvabhauma rAjasattAoe prativarSa pezakazI levA jaI talavAranI aNIthI vaza rAkhelA ane sattAe narama paDatAM je punaH svataMtra thai laDavA taiyAra thatA, evA rAjA-nAkArA, dakSiNamAM thADA hatA. A vAta meTA paNa sAmAnya jamInadAreAne lAgu pADavAnI nathI; sattAvALA rAjAene lAgu pADavAnI che. gujarAtamAM evA rAjAe keTalA hatA e tA Aje paNadekhAya che. ahIM sAmAjika paristhiti paNa dakSiNathI judI hatI. jemanI AgaLa madhyakAlina rajapUta samayathI Aja lagI aneka rAjasattAe namelI evI mahAjane thI sua, vepArI madhyama varganI Alama (middle class) gujarAtamAM jeTalI vyavasthita ane sugaThita hatI teTalI dakSiNamAM naheAtI. A kAraNeAthI jeTalI sahelAIthI megalAinA asta pachI dakSiNamAM meTuM rAjya sthapAyuM teTalI sahelAithI gUjarAtamAM sthapAvuM zakaya nahetuM. A ja kAraNeAne lIdhe aneka rAjasattA badalAyA chatAM gujarAtamAM prAcIna rAjavaMze| jeTalA pramANamAM che teTalA khIjA prAMtAmAM nathI, ane kaI sArvabhauma sattAe gUjarAtane AkhuM taddana khAlasA karyuM nathI. A dRSTie jotAM nijhAma ane khaMbhAtanA rAjyanA sthApakAnAM mahattva sarakhAM chatAM kAryakSetra judAM eTale dekhItA bheda rahyo. aitihAsika saMjogeAnI sarakhAmaNInI STie te khaMbhAtanuM rAjya nAnuM chatAM enuM mahattva nijhAmanA rAjya karatAM kAMIka vadhAre dekhAya; ane dhArmika, Arthika, sAmAjika tathA rAjakIya e badhI daSTie prAcIna kALathI Aja sudhI khaMbhAtanA itihAsa rasamaya ane mahattvapUrNa gaNI zakAya. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Page #28
prakaraNa paheluM sAmAnya varNana 5 mInA pitA samudranI choLethI dhovAta gujarAtane kinAre juo. gujarAtanA eka inakazA upara daSTi nAkho. arabI samudranI zAkhA jevA khaMbhAtanA upasamudrane mahI ane sAbaramatI-tenI be patnIe-eka sAthe jANe hAthamAM suvarNa kaLaza laine maLavA jatI hoya evuM khaMbhAtanuM saMsthAna dekhAya che. A saMsthAnanI prAcIna svarUpanI aitihAsika hada nakakI karavI bahu muzkela che. hAla te tenI uttare kheDA jIllAne mAtara tAluke, pUrve borasada ane peTalAda tAlukA, dakSiNe mahIsAgara ane khaMbhAtanA akhAta, pazcime sAbaramatI nadI, e pramANe AveluM che. enI rAjakIya sarahada ekasarakhI nathI. khaMbhAta rAjyanAM gAmaDAM bAjunA tAlukAmAM ane te tAlukAnAM gAmaDAM khaMbhAtanI hadamAM chuTAM verAelAM che. sarahada pazcime paMdara mAIla, vAyavyamAM aDhAra mAIla, uttare dasa mAIla ane pUrve bAra mAIla sudhI jAya che. khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa gujarAtanI bhUmimAM evI jagyAe che ke ene sairASTramAM gaNavuM, ke AnartagujarAtamAM gaNavuM, ke lATamAM gaNavuM e nakkI karavuM paNa muzkela ja che. A traNe dezanI sAmAnyarIte manAtI hadane aDIne e sthaLa evI rIte AvI raheluM che ke ene traNemAM gaNI zakAya. ene vicAra AgaLa karIzuM. hiMdustAnamAM enA pazcima bhAganI ane pazcima bhAgamAM khaMbhAtanA akhAtathI sIdhA uttaramAM jatA mAravADanA raNa sudhInA paTAnI bhegolika paristhitimAM kudarate eTalA ane evA moTA pheraphAre karelA che ke e vibhAganI kharekharI prAcIna sthiti jANavI e samudramaMthana karavA jevuM che. e jANavA mATenAM sAdhanane evo te lopa thaI gayA che ke cekasa AdhAra ane sAvacetIthI karelA nirNaya paNa anumAna mAtra ja rahevAnA. paraMtu khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa A badhA vibhAganuM eka vakhata kendrasthAna hatuM ema jaNAya che tethI ene vicAra paNa AgaLa karIzuM. e mATe khaMbhAtanI dakSiNe Avelo te ja nAmane akhAta ane uttara-pazcime AvelI kacchanA raNa bAju vadhatI khaMbhAtanA raNane nAme jANItI mabhUmi, tathA sAbaramatI ne mahI e be nadIo, eTalAnuM sthaLa varNana karavuM jarUranuM che. mahI nadI mALavAmAMthI nIkaLI mahI nadI 350 mAila vahIne khaMbhAtanA akhAtane maLe che. khaMbhAta zahera mahI nadInA mukhanI pAse ja AveluM che. jemAsAmAM A nadInuM jora ghaNuM rahe che, paNa vahANa 1vistRta varNana mATe juo, kheDA gejheTIara, pra. 1luM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAnya varNana calAvavA mATe e nakAmI che. khaMbhAta AgaLa mahIne paTa pAMca mAIla pahoLo che. mahInA mukha sudhInA eTalA pahoLA bhAgane mahIsAgara kahe che. mahI nadInI AsapAsanI jamIna dhabra athavA vAMghAMthI bharelI che ethI enA taTa ghaNuM UMcA che ane enuM pANI khetI vageremAM kAma lAgavAne badale ulaTuM retI, mATI vagere tANa jAya che. mahI nadInA ullekha ghaNAM prAcIna sAhityamAM Ave che. enI prAcInatAne vicAra khaMbhAtanA nAmanI carcAmAM AgaLa karIzuM. enuM mahI nAma saMskRta sAhityamAM jANItuM che. musalamAna tavArIkhomAM enuM nAma mahendrI ApeluM che. purANa enAM aDhAra nAma gaNAve che, temAM mahI ane tAmrA e nAma khAsa gaNI zakAya. sAbaramatI khaMbhAtanA rAjyanI pazcima sImAM banelI sAbaramatI nadI e khaMbhAtanI hadanI bIjI nadI che. e mevADanA DuMgaramAMthI nIkaLI khaMbhAtanI hadamAM vaDagAma pAse samudrane maLe che. A nadIno uparano bhAga mahInI peThe vAMghAM-zvazvathI bharelo che; paraMtu khaMbhAtanI hadamAM vAMghAM nathI. bahu vAMdho hovAthI enuM kharuM saMskRta nAma zvabhravatI che. sAbhramatI nAma sAbaramatI uparathI purANakAroe banAvI kADheluM che. prAcIna parANika sAhityamAM sAbaramatInuM nAma caMdanA jovAmAM Ave che; paraMtu mahI jeTalA enA ullekho maLatA nathI. mahI ane sAbaramatInA khaMbhAtanI hadamAM rahetA pravAho sivAya khaMbhAta rAjyamAM bIjI eke noMdhavAlAyaka nadI nathI. keTalAka nhAnA vaheLAo che. alaMganI nahera nadIonuM varNana karatAM alaMganI naherane bhUlI zakAya nahi. khaMbhAta rAjyanA nakazAmAM ene nadI kahI che; paNa te kharI rIte nahera che. A nahera sAbaramatI nadI rAjyanI hadamAM pese che tenI heja uttarethI kADhIne sIdhI dakSiNamAM sTeja pUrva tarapha vaLAMka vALIne banAvavAmAM AvI che, ane khaMbhAta zaheranI najIkamAM aTake che. A nahera khaMbhAta pAse AvelA nAresara nAmanA taLAvamAM sAbaramatInuM pANI lAvavA mATe banAvI che. paraMtu temAM kheDA jIllAnA keTalAka bhAganuM ane khAsa 2 A paTa khaMbhAtanI pUrve padara mAIle AvelA dahevANa gAma sudhI ekasarakhe pahoLo che. bharatInI asara dahevANathI paNa upara cheTe sudhI thAya che. pAMca mAIlanuM mApa revanyu saheMnuM che. tharaTana 43 mAIla ane I. sa. 1787mAM Ova (Hoveo nava mAIla kahe che. kheDA gejhe. pR. 3 ne. 1. 3 akabarUnIthI mAMDI badhA musalamAna lekhake mahendrI kahe che. 4 kaMda purANa kaimArikA khaMDa 13-125 tAtrA racA jovA pitRtrItikA guma || samAja mahahiMdu turdAtrI pRthustutA // iMdradyumnasya kanyA ca kSitijanmA irAvatI // mahIparNA mahIbhaMgA gaMgA pazcimavAhinI / / nadI rAjanadIcaiti nAmASTAdazamAlikam / / parAjazekharakRta kAvyamImAMsA, 99. ane hemacaMdrata dvayAzraya kAvya. vadhu carcA mATe juo "gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda" pra. 1luM. caMdanA nAmapurANomAM Ave che, juo Wilson's VishnuPuran II, P.153ne padmapurANa sAbhramatI mAhAmya. 6 kheDA gejhe. pR. 6 ane ne. 2. nAresara ne nArAyaNasara lakheluM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAnya varNana karIne mAtara tAlukAnuM varasAdanuM pANI Ave che, ane kheDA jIllAnA varasAdanAM pANInA nikAlanAM sAdhanomAM alaMganI naherane khAsa gaNavAmAM Ave che. kheDA ane amadAvAda jIllAnA DhALa dakSiNa tarapha nathI paNa pazcima tarapha che, eTale kheDA jIllAmAMthI AvatuM pANInuM pUra khaMbhAta rAjyanAM dakSiNa-pazcimanAM gAmane harakata na kare te mATe paNa alaMganI naheranuM mahattva meTuM che. alaMganI nahera sAbaramatInuM pANI nAsara taLAvamAM ane khetInA kAmamAM levA mATe banAvelI che. alaMga nAma zAthI paDayuM teno khulAso thaI zakato nathI. bhUmivibhAga khaMbhAtanI bhUminA traNa vibhAga paDe che. pUrva taraphane mahInA taTapradezano bhAga cotaramAM gaNAya che. te phalapa ane jhADapAnathI samRddha che. gAma sArAM ane vastIvALAM che ane mulaka bagIcA jevo lAge che. bIjo vibhAga alaMga kahevAya che. te alaMganI naheranI AsapAsano mulaka che. trIjA vibhAgane "bahArA' kahe che. te rAjyanI pazcima tarapha sAbaramatInA kinArA tarapha Avelo che. tenA uttara bhAgamAM ghauM thAya evI sArI jamIna che. dakSiNa tarapha vastI AchI che. A vibhAga comAsAmAM chavadhate pANIthI bharelo rahe che ane AvajA karavA mATe ghaNI muzkelI paDe che. khaMbhAtanuM raNa khaMbhAta saMsthAna ane kAThIAvADanI vacce sAbaramatInA mukhathI zarU thaI 35 mAIla uttaramAM vadhatI bhabhUmine khaMbhAtanuM raNa kahe che.10 comAsAmAM meTA juvALa vakhate ane dakSiNane pavana sakhata vAto hoya tyAre raNanA moTA bhAga upara pANI pharI vaLe che. raNane nIcalo bhAga dariyAne 7 vadhu vigata mATe juo kheDA gejhe. pR. 6thI 11 ane kheDA jIllAnA varasAdanA pANInA nikAlane nakazo (Drainage Map) pR. 14. 8 alaMga athavA aliMganI naherane mATe eka daMtakathA cAle che. ema kahe che ke be vahevAI vacce vAda thatAM sAbaramatImAMthI sopArInAM vahANa bharI khaMbhAta lAvavAnI vAta mamata upara caDhI ane alaMganI nahera khodIne vahANa khaMbhAta AvyAM. vahANa lAvavA mATe nahera dAca e banavAjoga nathI. vahANa sAbaramatImAMthI akhAtamAM thai AvI zake. nahera hoya ane temAM nAnAM heDakAM mAraphata rasto TUMke paDe tethI mAla Avyo hoya to te banavAjoga che. kharI vAta te sAbaramatInuM pANI upayogamAM levA mATe e nahera che. 9 alaga agara aliMga nAma videzI haze ema manAya che. khaMbhAtamAM eka mahilAnuM nAma aliMga che. khaMbhAtanA akhAtane kinAre bhAvanagaranI hadamAM alaMga nAmanuM gAma che. kadAca alaMganI naherane kinAre pUrve evuM kaI gAma hoya ke evA gAma AgaLathI nahera nIkaLatI hoya ne e nAma paDavuM hoya te banavAjoga che. 10 vadhu vigata mATe juo kAThIAvADa gejheTIara pR. 77-78; kAThIAvADa sarvasaMgraha pR. 34; I.sa. 1855mAM eka Dr. Buist A raNanA upalA bhAgamAMthI pasAra thaelo teNe tenuM sAruM varNana kareluM che. gADAnI gharaDa sivAya temAMthI javAnA bIjA rastA nathI. pANI sukAyA pachI e gharaDe evI thaI jatI ke se vAra cheTe cAlatAM gADAM ekabIjAne dekhI zakatAM nahi. kerI rUtumAM paNa ghAsanAM sukAyalAM mULIAne lIdhe dharaDane rasto sakhata raheto. varSamAM cha mahInA raNa durgama ane kAdavathI bhareluM (impassable swamp) thaI rahetuM. tyAM pavana bIlakula nahi ane tApa asahya hato.' vIramagAma vaDhavANanI relavenI saDaka A raNanA mathALe thaI jAya che. jyAre 1855mAM raNanI A sthiti hatI to AgaLa kema haze tenI kalpanA thaI zake. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAnya varNana kare ane jaLabhaLa (salt)thI jAmelo che. raNane upalA bhAga naLakaMThAne aDake che. comAsAmAM temAMnAM gAmaDAM beTa thaI jAya che ane amadAvAda sAthene pagarastAne vyavahAra baMdha thaI jAya che. A raNa pUrve dariyAnI eka khADI bhUminI aMdara peThelI ane te dariyAI kacarAthI purAI gaI che ema bhUstaravettAonuM mAnavuM che. e khADInuM taLiyuM enA asala taLiyAthI AThathI dasa phITa uMcuM AvI gayuM che. comAsuM gayA pachI mIThuM ahIMtahIM bAkI raheluM dekhAya che. bhAre comAsAmAM naLa sarovara sAthe raNanuM pANI eka thaI jaI saLaMga thaI jAya che. 2000 varSa pUrve naLa sarovaranI uttare kacchanA raNane agni khUNe Avelo bhAga nIco hato ane kacchanA raNane bhAga dariye hatA tyAre kacchanuM raNa, naLa sarovara ane khaMbhAtanuM raNa maLIne khADI saMpUrNa thaI rahetI, ane khaMbhAta tathA kacchanA akhAtane sAMdhI detI. kAThIAvADa beTa hato. Aje paNa bhAre varasAda paDe te varSe kAThIAvADa beTa thaI jAya che. khaMbhAtanI prAcIna bhegelika sthiti mATe A raNanuM varNana upayogI che. enI vistRta carcA "sarasvatIne pravAha e nAmanA judA pariziSTamAM karIzuM. khaMbhAtane akhAta hAla arabI samudrane eka phAMTa gaNAte dariyAne eka sAMkaDo nAno bhAga khaMbhAtanA akhAtane nAme oLakhAya che. IsvI sananI zarUAtamAM jyAre bharUcanI prasiddhi vadhAre hatI tyAre grIka lekhako ene bharUcanA akhAta tarIke oLakhatA.11 A akhAtane mathALe khaMbhAtanuM rAjya, pUrve gujarAtano kinAro, pazcime kAThIAvADano kinAro ane dakSiNe arabI samudra che. pUrva tarapha akhAtanI hada suratanI lagabhagathI mahInA mukha sudhI ane pazcima tarapha gopanAthathI sAbaramatInA mukha sudhI che. enA mukha AgaLa suratathI gopanAtha sudhInI pahoLAI 30 mAIla che ane aMdara ochAmAM ochI pahoLAI 12 mAIla che. laMbAIkula 80 mAIla che. A akhAtanuM AkhuM varNana karavAnuM ahIM sthAna nathI eTale khaMbhAtanI daitika caDhatIpaDatImAM akhAte bhajavelA bhAga pUratuM enuM varNana mAtra karIzuM.' gopanAtha AgaLa akhAtanuM mukha che. te pachI gUjarAtane kinAre sIdho dakSiNa tarapha ane kAThIAvADano kinAre vaLAMka laIne dakSiNa pazcima tarapha jAya che. A jagyAe damaNa ane jAkrAbAdanI vaccenA bhAgamAM pANIthI DhaMkAelA retInA moTA DhagalA che. e bhAgamAMthI vahANone lAvavAmAM ghaNuM jokhama raheluM che ane bhomIA vagara avAtuM nathI. akhAtanI bharatI. khaMbhAtano akhAta prAcIna kALathI bharatInA jorane mATe jANItA che. pIrama beTanI uttarathI te bharatI ghaNA ja jeramAM ane jhaDapamAM dhase che. mejanI choLa sAta phITa UMcI hoya che ane dUrathI pahADa dhasI AvatuM hoya evuM lAge che. bharatI eka kalAkamAM 10 mAIlanI jhaDapathI caDhe che. pANIno vega eTale 11 juo lemI piriplasa vageree karelAM hiMdanA kinArAnAM varNana. 12 khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA saMpUrNa vigatavAra varNana mATe juo kAThIAvADa gejheTIara pR. 35thI 60. muMbaI sarakArI gejheTIaramAM khaMbhAtanA itihAsavALA bhAgamAM A akhAta ane raNa viSe saheja paNa ullekha nathI e jarA navAI lAge tevuM che. khaMbhAtanA itihAsamAM A bannenAM varNananI AvazyakatA keTalI che te AgaLa joIzuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAnya varNana jeravALA hoya che ke jyAM kerI jamIna hoya tyAM kSaNamAM pANI pANI thaI rahe che ane vahANa cAle tevuM pANI hoya tyAM kSaNamAM kerI jamIna thaI jAya che. AvI bharatI amAsa, pUnama ane bIjatrIjanA juvALa vakhate Ave che; AThamanA juvALa vakhate nathI AvatI. mahI ane sAbaramatImAM paNa A bharatInI asara bhAre thAya che. akhAtanA mathALA pAse ceDA mAIlamAM bharatInAM me ja moTA ghughavATa sAthe moTI bhIMta dhasI AvatI hoya tevAM, asAdhAraNa jhaDapathI Ave che, ane tene lIdhe retInA moTA Dhaga (bore rocks) thaI gaelA che. A bharatIthI purapATa doDato gheDa paNa bacI zakatuM nathI evuM enuM jora che. eka musAphare jIva laI nAsata kutaro taNAI gayAnuM varNana kareluM che. akhAtanuM purAvuM khaMbhAtano akhAta emAM maLatI nadIonA jaLamaLathI kevI rIte purAya che ene itihAsa rasamaya che. khaMbhAta baMdaranI caDhatI paDatI upara e bInAe ghaNI asara karelI che. hiMdustAnanI bhegolika racanAmAM A akhAta e eka vicitratA che. kharI rIte e eka moTI nadInuM pahoLuM thaI gaeluM mukha che, jenI carcA pariziSTamAM karIzuM. enA vistAranA pramANamAM emAM jeTalI ane jevaDI nadIo maLe che teTalI ane tevaDI nadIo eTalA vistAramAM bIje kyAMya bhAgye ja paDatI haze. A ghaTanA akhAtanuM svarUpa pheravavAmAM mukhya kAraNabhUta banelI che.13 akhAtanA ATalA nAnA vistAramAM gUjarAtamAMthI sAbaramatI, mahI, DhADhara, narmadA ane tApI pitapotAnI sahacarI nadIo sAthe AvIne maLe che. kAThIAvADamAMthI sukhabhAdara, kAlubhAra, utAvaLI ane zetruMjI pitAnAM pANIne ja laI maLe che. A nadIo je pradezamAM thaIne Ave che tene kula vistAra 83,000 corasa mAIla che ane emAM sarerAza varasAda 36 IMca paDe che. eka IMca varasAde emAMthI 71,06,88,22,331 Tana pANI bheguM thAya che. eTale 36 Ica mesamano pUro varasAda paDe to 2,55,84,76,03,920 Tana pANI akhAtamAM Ave. ativRSTinA varasamAM zuM thAya tenI kalpanA karI levAnI. ema kahevAya che ke pRthvI upara varasatA pANImAMthI 3 nadIo bhAraphate dariyAmAM jAya che ane bAkInuM zoSAI jAya che. je A badhA AMkaDA ane hisAba kharA hoya te uparanI nadIonA pradezamAM mosamano sAmAnya varasAda paDe topaNa 830 corasa mAIla vistAranuM ane 100 phITa UMDuM eTale khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA trIjA bhAga jevaDuM sarovara bharAI rahe. Ijanerae karelA akhatarAthI samajAya che ke eka zera pANImAM 0 0 45 jeTalo kAdavano kacaro (silt) Ave che. e rIte khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM dara mAse 85,28,25,34,640 Tana pANI Ave ane sAthe te 38,37,71,405 Tana kAdava lAve. eTale vadhu gaNatrI karatAM jaNAya che ke A kyArAne 10 phITa UMce 36 corasa mAIla jevaDe TApu banI rahe. khaMbhAtanA akhAtanuM kSetraphaLa 2450 corasa mAIla che, ane oTa vakhate te 20 vAma UMDo che. eTale jeTalo kAdava Ave 13 bharatInuM A mahuM mAnuM bore akhAtamAM sAMkaDI jagyAmAMthI ekAeka caDhe che. khaMbhAtathI 11 mAIla bore rocks AgaLathI A bharatI zarU thAya che. pUrve gaMgavA ane pazcime gholerAnI nIce bore nathI. varasAdanI mesamamAM divase Ave che ane bIjI mosamamAM rAtre Ave che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAnya varNana che. te badho je tyAM ja kare te eka hajAra varSamAM Akho ye akhAta purAI jAya. paraMtu hiMdI mahAsAgaranAM mojanA jerane lIdhe phakta seMkaDe eka bhAga jeTalo kacare rahI bAkI taNAI jAya che. eTalo kacaro rahetAM paNa eka lAkha varSamAM akhAta purAI jAya evI gaNatrI che. A kacarAne lIdhe akhAtamAM keTalAka TApuo evA moTA baMdhAyA che ke bahu moTI bharatImAM ja pANIthI DhaMkAya. A jaLabhaLanA bharAvAthI akhAtano mathALAno bhAga dhImedhIme purAya che ane nadIonA paTa UMcA AvatA gayA che. akhAtanA bIjA kinArAone zI asara thaI che te A lekhane viSaya nathI; paraMtu emAM vidvAnomAM matabheda che. bharatInuM jora ane nadIonA sakhata pravAha A jaLamaLane kheMcI javAmAM agatyano bhAga bhajave che. kahevAya che ke A kAdava cheka lakSadvIpa ane mAladvIpa sudhI jaI kare che ane siMdhu, gaMgA vagere nadIonA mukha pAse naherevALI bhUmi (delta) thaI che tevI bhUmi ahIM baMdhAtI nathI. pUrvakinAre jamIna baMdhAya che te pazcima kinAre jovAya che. A kAraNathI chellAM 1600 varSathI akhAta saMbaMdhI je hevAla maLe che te jotAM temAM bahu moTA pheraphAra thayA nathI ema manAya che. paraMtu nAnA pheraphAro avazya thayA che. kinArA AgaLa ane nadIonAM mukha AgaLa navI jamIna badhAya che ane jUnI dhovAI jAya che. akhAtane itihAsa 1600 varSathI A akhAtanA hevAla videzI musApharoe karelA jovAmAM Ave che. grIka lekhaka TolemInA varNana uparathI khare khyAla Avato nathI. ulaTuM enA uparathI akhAta hato ja nahi ema eka baMgIya vidvAna pratipAdana kare che. tenI vigata pariziSTamAM tapAsIzuM. te pachI pariplasana lekhaka akhAtanuM sAruM varNana kare che. emAM khaMbhAtane lagatuM khAsa na hovAthI ahIM vigata upayoganI nathI. paraMtu e samaye paNa akhAtamAM vahANa sahelAIthI lAvI zakAtAM nahi, ane akhAtanA mukha AgaLa sarakArI bhomIA heDIo laI vepArI vagerenAM vahANone dorIne lAvatA. periplesamAM akhAtane mathALe mahI nadIno ullekha che, paraMtu khaMbhAta mATe enuM varNana geTALAbhareluM che. dasamI sadImAM arabI musAphara mAsudI akhAtanA kinArA zahera ane gAmothI bharacaka, ane lIlAM jhADa tathA khetaromAM morapiTa kallola karI rahetA evuM varNana kare che. paMdaramI sadImAM Avela bArasA nAmane musAphara paNa akhAtane kinArAnuM sAruM varNana kare che. paraMtu eNe lakhelAM gAmanAM nAmano Aje pa lAgatuM nathI. bharatInuM varNana te badhA ekasarakhuM ja kare che. chellI nAmano musAphara lakhe che ke mahI nadInA mukha AgaLa paNa bhaya ghaNe che. bharatI narama hoya ke eTa hoya te ghoDA upara nadI tarI zakAya. meTI bharatI (bore) Ave to bacI zakAya nahi. hAthI paNa emAM taNAI jAya che. kapaDAM paherIne jAya te kapaDAM nIkaLI jAya che. gheDe besIne paNa kapaDAM mAthe mUkIne keTalAka jAya che. i.sa. 1810 sudhI bharatI vakhate meTAM vahANo cheka sudhI AvI zakatAM. eTa vakhate vacce thaDI nahera sivAya jamIna korI thaI jatI. A vakhate dholerA baMdara vadhyuM, paNa bhAdarano pravAha badalAyAthI jaLamaLa bharAyo. I.sa. 1820mAM homiTana lakhe che ke akhAta purAto jAya che ema loka bhAnatA, paNa bharatIne vega te ne te hato. gaMgavA upara thaIne vahANa jAya te UMdhuM ja paDatuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAnya varNana khaMbhAtanI pUrve cha mAIla jamIna kerI paDatI, paNa pagaraste bhomIA vagara jaI zakAtuM nahi. tenuM kAraNa bharatI-bore-nI bIka ane vItharU (quick-sand)nI bIka hatuM. khaMbhAtanI najIka ghaNAM vahANa bhAMgI jatAM. A vakhate bhegA thaelA kacarAne sArI RtumAM bharatImAM taNAvI devA mATe nahero karI nikAlanI vyavasthA darabArataraphathI thatI. i.sa.182thI e vyavasthA baMdha paDI ane retI bhegI thavAthI bharatIne mAre kinArA pAse saheja ocho thayo. bharatI (bore)nuM jera paNa koIvAra mahI bAju ane kaIvAra sAbaramatI bAju rahetuM. I.sa. 1822mAM karnala TeMDane ghoghAthI khaMbhAta AvavuM hatuM te jaLamArge na AvI zakAyuM ane thoDA divasa rAha joI raNarate AvavuM paDayuM evI e bAju akhAtanI sthiti hatI. I.sa. 1854mAM khaMbhAta AgaLa pANInA paTa mahI ane sAbaramatInA pravAhanA jorathI vAraMvAra badalAtA tethI vahANone laMgara karavA mATe muzkelI rahetI. I.sa. 1858mAM akhAtamAM retInA paTa jAmI gaelA hatA ane bharatI vakhate vahANone nukasAna thatuM. 1867mAM baMdaranI dazA bahu kharAba hatI. hoDI be mAIla cheTe UbhI rahI zakatI ane mAla kAdavamAM tyAM sudhI laI javo paDato. A kAraNathI I.sa. 1868mAM kheDAnA kalekTare khaMbhAtathI pUrve traNa mAIla che. rAlaja gAma AgaLa bIjuM baMdara khelavA sarakAranI paravAnagI mAgelI, paNa kAMI vaLyuM nahi. 1870mAM kasTamsa kamiznara ane kalekTare sUcavyuM ke khaMbhAta darabAra je AvakajAvaka jakAta (transit duties) le che te baMdha karIne kAdavamAM gADAM jAya evo kakaDo be mAIla sudhI baMdhAve. paraMtu pAchaLathI darabAranA kahevAthI e hukama pAcho kheMcI levAyo. i. sa. 1881mAM khaMbhAta baMdara e kharI rIte baMdara nahotuM. vahANa kAdavane cheDe be mAila cheTe UbhAM rahetAM. e kAdavamAM gADAM divasamAM eka ke bahu to be vAra jaI zakatAM. kAdavanA eTalA paTane paNa jyAre moTo juvALa dhUve che tyAre gADAM jaI zakatAM nathI. A rIte khaMbhAtanA akhAtane ane mukhyatve karIne khaMbhAta zahera pAsenA tenA mathALAne itihAsa che, baMdaranI daitika pragati upara A akhAtanI vakhatovakhatanI sthitie ghaNuM asara karI che ane khaMbhAtanI caDatI paDatI enA upara hamezAM avalaMbI rahelI che. cAlu sadImAM emAM thaelA pheraphArane vicAra AgaLa karIzuM, temaja akhAtanI prAcInatAne vicAra pariziSTamAM karIzuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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@ @@@ @ @ @@@@@ @ @@@ @ @ prakaraNa bIjuM kumArikAkSetra ane pirANika bhUgoLa kumArikAkSetra 29 bhAta ane enI AsapAsanA, ekamata pramANe sAta ane bIjA mata pramANe cAda, ' kezanA sthaLane kumArikAkSetra kahe che. skaMdapurANanA kamArikA athavA kumArikA khaMDamAM e pramANe lakhyuM che, ane mahAtkaMda purANanA mAhezvara khaMDanA avAMtarakhaMDanuM nAma kumArikAkhaMDa e uparathI paDyuM che. paraMtu e purANamAM kumArikAkhaMDa ane kSetrano vistAra spaSTa nathI. kharI rIte varNananI vigata kSetra hovAnuM vyakta kare che, jyAre pirANika praNAlikA pramANe ApelI bhUgaLanI vigatamAM khaMDa lakhe che. eTale A bAbata spaSTa karavAnuM upasthita thAya che. bhAratavarSanA nava dvIpa purANe sAmAnya rIte pRthvInA bhAga zrI ane varSomAM pADe che. temAM ApaNane phakta bhAratavarSa sAthe ja saMbaMdha che. A bhAratavarSanA nava bhAga pADavAmAM AvyA che. bIjA keTalAMka purANanI peThe skaMdapurANano A kumArikAkhaMDa paNa nava bhAga pADe che; ane e nava khaMDamAM eka khaMDa agara dvIpanuM nAma kumArikA agara kumArI khaMDa agara dvIpa lakhe che. A pirANika varNananI vigatamAM UtaratAM pahelAM eTaluM khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke bhAratavarSa e hAlane trikoNAkRti hiMdustAna mAtra nathI. hAlano hiMdustAna te mAtra e bhAratavarSanA nava khaMDamAMno eka bharatakhaMDa che. eTale bhAratavarSanI maryAdA hAla dhArIe te karatAM ghaNuM vizALa che. bhAratavarSanA nava khaMDa agara kInAM nAma A pramANe cheH IdrIpa, kazeramAna, tAmrapaNuM, gabhastimAna, nAgadvIpa, samya, gAMdharva, vAsaNa e ATha dviIpa ane navo rahyo tenuM nAma na lakhatAM sAgarasaMvRtta eTale samudrathI vIMTAelo dvIpa ema ghaNuMkharAM purANo lakhe che. eTale ke navamo dvIpa eTalo badho prasiddha che ke enuM nAma lakhavuM purANakAroe ucita nathI dhAryuM. paraMtu e ja samayanA vadhAre cokkasa bhAgolika vigata lakhanArA 1 juo viSNupurANa: mAratAcArya vardhaca navamerimaya phunnA: amAnuM tAtrALa stimAna nAgadvIpastathA saumyo gandharva stvatha vAruNaH / ayaMtu navamasteSAM dvIpaH sAgarasaMvRtaH // 2 // yojanAnAM sahasraM tu dvIpo'yaM dakSiNottarAt / pUrvekirAtA yasminte pazcime yavanA: sthitAH // 3 // bAhmaNA kSatriyA vaizyA madhye rAtra mArA A pramANe nAma vagaranA sAgara saMvRtta dvIpanuM varNana ane emAMnI cANanI vyavasthA ene bharatakhaMDa vyakta kare che. 2 ka. 5. ke. . adhyAya 39. . 69. emAM navame dvIpa kumArikA' ema lakhyuM che. enI maryAdA ApatAM kalo. 113mAM lakhe che ke parivAca vArtAuM mIravaM mRtam II Ama e khaMDanI maryAdAbInta purANethI judI lakhe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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kumArikAkSetra ane parANika bhUgoLa e khaMDanuM nAma Ape che, ane te kumArI dvIpa agara kumArI khaMDa. A nAma kavi rAjazekhara ane bhAskarAcArya Ape che. bAkInAM nAmamAM koI phera nathI. eTale badhAM purANamAM phakta skaMdapurANa ene kumArikA khaMDa jUdo lakhavAne hevAthI ke game te kAraNathI kumArikA khaMDa ke dvIpa nAma Ape che ane uparanA be lekhake paNa e nAma Ape che. eTale sAgarasaMvata khaMDa te kumArikA khaMDa che e siddha thAya che. kumArI dvIpa hiMdustAnanI pairANika bhUgoLa lakhanArAo A kumArikA khaMDa agara sAgarasaMskRta dvIpa e bhAratavarSIya hAlano bharatakhaMDa ema sapramANa mAne che. dareka purANa A nave khaMDanAM nAma mAtra ApI aMtargata vigata to mAtra navamA kumArI dvIpanI ja Ape che. rAjazekhare ApelI e khaMDanI vigata ene hAlano bharatakhaMDa siddha karavAmAM Teko Ape che. A bAbatamAM phakta skaMdapurANAMtargata kumArikA khaMDa jUdo paDe che; ane kaimArikA khaMDa Akho kumArikAkSetra athavA khaMbhAtanA sthaLanA varNanamAM lakhavAno hovAthI bIjA purANethI ene jUduM paDavuM paDe che. eTale skaMdapurANuM pAriyotra parvatanI pazcimanA bhAgane ja kumArikA dvIpa gaNe che. paraMtu khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa e kumArIkA kSetra che e mAnya rAkhIe to paNa purANone kumArikA khaMDa e te bhAratavarSIya bharatakhaMDa A ja che e siddha thaelI vAta che. eTale kumArikA kSetranA sthaLanI paraMparAne avaLI samajI purANonA kumArI dvIpane tenI jagyAe eTale pazcima hiMda tarIke manAvavAne skaMdapurANanA lekhakane prayatna che. eTale e AkhIye paraMparAne artha eTalo ja thAya che ke kumArI dvIpa eTale bharatakhaMDamAM khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa kumArikA kSetra kahevAyuM ane mukhya dezanA nAmanuM kSetra kahevaDAvavA pUratuM te samayanA hiMdustAnanI 3 rAjazekharakRta avyamImAMsA pR. 2. tatreDhuM mArataM varSamacA name te pachI indrAdi kramathI ATha dvIpa gaNAvI kumArI pathArtha navama: ema spaSTa lakhe che. ane vadhArAmAM umere che ke satra ja gumAvI pe-viMdhya% paripatra kunivRkSaparvataH | mahendrasthamathA: saete parvatA: | kumArI dvIpane A ullekha ane emAMnA sAta kula parvato je hiduratAnanA parvato che, mArI dvIpa eTale ekalo gujarAta rAjaputAnA nahi paNa Akhe bharata khaMDa vyakta kare che. 4 wilson's Vishnu Purana | p. 110-112 Note. e naMdhamAM pirANika bhUgoLa mATe bhAskarAcAryane mata Apelo che. 5 vadhu vigata mATe kaniMgahAmakRta prAcIna hiMdanI bhUgoLanI pAchaLa surendranAtha majhamudAre ApeluM pariziSTa 1. 6 jue uparanI nedha 3. 7 ka. 5. ke. kha, adhyAya 39. siMhaladvIpanA rAjA bhadevanA putra bharatanA putra zatazRMgane ATha putra ane eka kumArikA putrI ema nava saMtAna hatAM. kumArikAnuM mukha bakarInuM hatuM. pUrvAvatAramAM eka bakarInuM zarIra mahIsAgara saMgamamAM paDeluM paNa mukha jALAmAM bharAI raheluM tethI bakarI pitAnuM mukha rahevA daI kumArikA thaI. A vAtanuM jJAna thatAM bakarInuM mukha jALAmAMthI kADhI mahInAM jalamAM nAMkhatAM kumArikA sarvAMgasuMdara thaI ane mahI saMgamatIrthamAM zivanI ArAdhanAmAM samaya vyatIta karavA AvIne rahI. vakhata jatAM rAjAe bhAratanA nava khaMDa pADI ramATha putrone nAma pramANe ane kumArikAne kumArI dvIpa Ape. e ATha putrone navanava putro thatAM temanI kAI kumArikAe nave khaMDanA 72 bhAga pADI sarvene vaheMcyA. e jAtanI kathA e adhyAyamAM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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10. kumArikAkSetra ane paurANika bhUgoLa bhUgoLamAM enuM mahattva ane kendrasthapaNuM hatuM. kumArikA kSetranI cheka pAsenA dviIpa-kumArikA kSetra bhAratavarSanuM kendra A kumArIdIpa agara bharatakhaMDanI AsapAsa upara gaNAvelA ATha khaMDa AvelA che. pUrvathI ene anukrama aindrIpathI zarU thAya che. AmAM tAmaparNadvIpa e siMhaladvIpa che e spaSTa che. aindradvIpa e brahmadeza ane gAMdharva e gAMdhAra ane kAbula nadIne pradeza che ema surendranAtha majamudAra zAstrIe sapramANa siddha karyuM che. eTale kramathI kazerUmAna e malAyAnA dvIpa Ave che. gAMdharvane pirANika bhUgala lekhake uttaramAM mUke che. eTale dakSiNanA tAmraparNa siMhaladvIpa ane gAMdharvanI vacce anukrame nairpatyamAM gabhastimAna, pazcimamAM nAgadIpa ane vAyavyamAM samIpa Ave che. ApaNe gUjarAta prAMta eka mata pramANe hiMdanI pazcimamAM ane bIjA mata pramANe naiRtyamAM hevAthI enI bhUgoLa sAthe gabhastimAna ane nAgadIpane nikaTano saMbaMdha che; ane khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa gUjarAtamAM evI jagyAe AveluM che ke eka vakhata A badhA bhAganuM kendra thaI zake. gabhastimAna ane nAgadvIpane zrIyuta surendranAtha majhamudAra hiMdI mahAsAgaramAM AvelA lakSadIpa-mAladIpa ane kaccha kAThIAvADa dhAre che. paraMtu porANika mAnyatA pramANe A be dvIpane gujarAtane kinAro ane sapta pAtAlanI kalpanAne paNa saMbaMdha che, ane e viSaya jarA lAMbe hovAthI pariziSTamAM carcIzuM. ahIM te eTaluM ja jovAnuM che ke bhAratavarSIya bharatakhaMDanuM ja nAma purANu samayamAM kumArIdvIpa hatuM, ane dvIpanA eka sauthI upayogI kendrastha vibhAgane enuM ja nAnuM nAma kumArikA kSetra evuM maLyuM che. skaMdapurANa AkhA kumArIkIpa agara khaMDane pAriyAvra parvatanI pazcime eTale hAlanA gujarAta-rajaputAnAnI sarahadamAM lAvI mUke che te je ke kharuM nathI, chatAM AkhA kumArI dvIpanuM A kumArikA kSetra-staMbhatIrthanuM sthaLa upayogI kendra hatuM e vAtane Teko Ape che. bharatakhaMDane bahAranI duniyA sAthe, ane AkhA bhAratavarSane ane bIjA dvIpano bharatakhaMDa sAthe, dariyAI vyavahAra enA A kendrastha baMdara mAraphate ja hato.12 A sthaLanuM AvuM madhyasthapaNuM jeonA nakazA uparathI spaSTa thaze, ane koI paNa sthaLanI bhegelika gyAyegyatA enAM vyAvahArika vikAsamAM keTalI sahAyabhUta thAya che te paNa samajAze. 8 skaMdapurANanI kumArikAnI upara jaNAvelI hakIkatane bIjA keI purANane Teke nathI. khaMbhAtana sthaLanuM upayogIpaNuM ane vaimArikA kSetranuM dvIpa sAthe nAmanuM maLatApaNuM sAbita karavA prayatna che. RSabhadeva rAjAne skaMdapurANa jaina dhAre che tene paNa AdhAra nathI. juo pirANika kathAkeSa 3-361. 9 emaNe saMzAdhelI kaniMgahAmakRta prAcIna bhUgoLanuM pAraziSTa 1. 10 purANamAM ApelI dizAo bahu cokkasa nathI tathA purANanA lekhakanA raheThANa para dizAnA bheda paDe che. sa. majamudAre saMzodhelI kanIMgahAmanI prAcIna bhUgoLanuM pariziSTa 1 AmAM aindra ane gAMdharvane nirNaya spaSTa karelo che. nAga ane gabhaktimAna mATe saMdigdha lakheluM che. e vize pAtAla ane bhagavatInA pariziSTamAM carcA karIzuM. 12 A upayogitAnA spaSTa aitihAsika ullekha navamI sadInA aMtathI maLe che. te pUrve paraMparA prApta kathAo ane anumAna upara AdhAra rAkhavo paDe. enuM kAraNa e rAmaya pUrve khaMbhAtanuM brAhmaNa saMrathAna tarIkenuM mahatva ane enuM ochAmAM ochuM eka vakhata thaI gayeluM aMtara che. itihAsanA prakaraNamAM enI carcA karIzuM, For Private and Personal Use Only

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kumArikAkSetra ane paurANika bhUgoLa 11 khaMbhAtane akhAta e nadInuM mukha A sAthe eka bIjI mahatvanI vAta dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnI che. vahANa cAlI zake evI moTI nadIenA kinArAo upara ane emanA mukhapradeza upara hamezAM mahAna saMskRtio vikasI che. jagatanA ItihAsamAM evA ghaNA dAkhalA banelA che.13nAIla, yukreTIsa tIgrIsa, siMdhu Adi nadIonAM mukha ane taTa pradeze moTI saMskRtione janma ApyA che. bhUstara ane bhUgoLavetAo ekamata che ke A nadIonA pravAha temanA hAlanA svarUpamAM che tevA prAcInakAlamAM nahotA. hiMdustAnamAM te nadIoe pravAha khAsa badalelA che.14 siMdhu pahelAM kacchanA raNamAM (samudramAM) maLatI hatI.15 sarasvatInA TukaDA thaIne Akho pravAha ja UDI gayuM che. bhUstaravettAnuM ema paNa mAnavuM che ke kaccha ane khaMbhAtanA akhAto e mAtra evI kaI vizAla nadInAM mAtra pahoLAM thaI gaelAM - mukha che. ane siMdhunAM mukha kacchanA raNanI jagyAe AvelA samudramAM hatAM to khaMbhAtane akhAta e sarasvatInuM eka mukha hoya ema mAnavAne kAraNa che. A Akho viSaya rasamaya hovAthI eka judA pariziSTamAM carcIzuM. nadInA AvA pahoLA thaI gayelA mukhathI banelA akhAtane Aje mahI narmadA Adi nadIo maLe che. pirANika samayamAM ene meTa pahoLo phAMTo uttaramAM sAbaramatI nadInI bAjumAM thaI kacchanA raNa tarapha jatA hatA. be hajAra varSa pUrve e phoTo khaMbhAta ane kacchanA akhAtane naLa sarovara mAraphata joDI deto hato ane kAThIAvADa beTa hato. paraMtu tethI paNa pahelAMnA samayamAM e bAjunI bhUgoLamAM ethI paNa jarA phera hato. dariyAnA A phoTA ane enA sarasvatI ane siMdhunAM mukha sAthenA saMbaMdhathI gujarAtanA A badhA kinArAne vahANa dvArA saMbaMdha hiMdustAnanA madhya bhAga sAthe cheka kurukSetra sudhI ane paMjAbanA uttara bhAga sudhI hato. 17 bIjuM pirANika bhUgoLa pramANe pazcima-dakSiNa samudrane kharekhara mahArNava kahetA.18 eTale te samayanA hiMdustAnano bahAranI duniyA sAthe saMbaMdha arabI samudranAM bArAM mAraphate hato; ane upara joyuM tema siMdhu ane sarasvatInAM mukha kacchanA raNanA purogAmI samudrathI zarU thaI khaMbhAtanA akhAta 23 Sir John Marshall: Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Civilization. P. 93-94.24124 572 4.21. pUrve be hajAra varSa jeTalA prAcIna samayamAM to lokanA itihAsamAM ane saMskRtionA vikAsamAM nadIoe ja mukhya bhAga bhajavelo che. sidhu ane enI sahacarIone dakSiNa eziyAmAM sauthI pahoLA pravAha gaNavAmAM Ave che. naSTa thaelI sarasvatInI gaNanA A lekhake karatA nathI e AzcaryanI vAta che. 14 juo e ja prakaraNa 1luM ane amaranAtha dAsakRta India & Jambu Island. 94 Imperial Gazetteer 1; Gates of India By Sir Thomas Holdich 4.20 RM 288.3181241413 gejheTIara 5. 78 vagere graMthA Teke Ape che 16 kAThIAvADa gejheTIara pR. 78 amadAvAda gejheTIara pR. 16-17 cheka 1827mAM eka lekhaka lakhe che ke varasAda vadhAre paDe tyAre kacchanA akhAtanuM pANI naLa sarovaramAM thaI khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM AvatuM. 17 enI carcA sarasvatInA pravAhanA pariziSTamAM thaze. nakazAmAM A batAvavA yatna karyo che. 18 bRhata saMhitA vibhAga a. 14. For Private and Personal Use Only

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12 kumArikA kSetra ane paurANika bhUgoLa sudhI hatAM tethI khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa hamezAM te samayanI janasaMskRti ane vepAranuM kendra rahe temAM navAI nathI. A bhegolika paristhiti, gayA prakaraNamAM khaMbhAtanI ane mahI nadInI je prAcInatA vicArI, tenAthI paNa khaMbhAtane vadhAre prAcIna samayamAM mUkI zake. paraMtu eTalI badhI prAcInatAnI bAbata kAMIka saMdigdha hovAthI eno vicAra pariziSTamAM ja karIzuM. eTale khaMbhAtanI AsapAsanA sthaLanI prAcInatAnA bIjA pirANika ullekha hoya te tapAsI A prakaraNa pUruM karIe. mahI nadInI prAcInatA mahI nadInuM nAma TelemI Adi grIka lekhako lakhe che. khaMbhAtanA akhAtane mathALe mahI nadInuM mukha che ema paNa lakhe che. 19 mArkaMDeya purANamAM paNa enuM nAma che.20 zivapurANa kahe che ke mahInA mukha AgaLa eka ketaramAM zive aMdhakAsurane mAryo hate.21 mahAbhAratamAM mAheyara nAmano janapada lakhelo che. ene mahInA dakSiNa kAMThAnA deza tarIke vAyupurANa gaNAve che.23 mahAbhAratamAM mahInA uttara taTane mahyuttara nAmane janapada kahyA che. varAhamihire (chaThThI sadI) paNa mahI taTane ullekha karyo che.25 A uparathI samajAze ke mahI nadInA banne kinArA ghaNuM prAcInakALathI vastIvALA hatA. skaMdapurANe to Akho eka aMtargata khaMDa mahIsAgaranA mahAmya tarIke lakhyo che. vAyupurANa sarvathI jUnuM purANa manAya che. eTale A badhA ullekha sAthe vAyupurANanI prAcInatAne vicAra karatAM mahIne taTapradeza ane khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa IsvIsananI zarUAta pahelAM samRddha hatuM ema nakakI thai zake che. skaMda tathA zivapurANa pramANe mahInA mukha AgaLa tAraka ke aMdhaka nAmanA asuro bharAyA hatA e svIkArIe te, ane e bIna, ane devAsura saMgrAmanI vAto purANonA kevaLa gapATA nathI paraMtu ghaNA ja prAcIna samayanI bahu daMtakathAothI mizrita thaelI aitihAsika paraMparA che e hAlanI zodhathI lagabhaga siddha thaelI vAta7 svIkArIe to, khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa ane gujarAtane kinAre kahevAtA prAgaitihAsika samayanI lagabhaga samIpa ja pahoMce. paraMtu A ghaNI vAdagrasta hakIkatane ahIMnA carcamAM parANika ItihAsanA prakaraNane lagatA pariziSTamAM carcIzuM. 19 Mc Crindles' Ptolemy, surendranAtha majhamudAra saMpAdita. pR. 38 River Mophis eTale mahI. Periples ene Mass lakhe che. 20 mArkaMDeya purANa 1 a. 57. De's Geo. Dic. of Ancient India. 21 zivapurANa 1. a. 38-43. De's Geo. Dic. of Ancient India. R2 Wilson's Vishnu Purana II. 169. Topographical lists from Mahabharata. 23 vAyupurANa-II. 45, De's Geo. Dic. of ancient India. ane uparanA viSNupurANanI pR. 169nI noMdha. 24 uparanA viSNupurANanuM pR. 170. (Topographical lists from the Mahabharata). 25 bahatasaMhitA, 16-32. grahamati adhyAya, keTalAka jatiSIonI gaNatrI mujaba varAhamihirano samaya i.sa.nI zarUAtamAM thAya che. 26 jue du. ke. zAstrIkRta purANavivecana. (gu. va. so.).. 27 purANanI vAta kevaLa gapATA nathI e vAta sapramANa kalakattA hAIkorTanA jaja ane purANene eka samartha alyAsI mi. pAITare pitAnA Ancient Indian Historical Tradition nAmanA graMthamAM vistRta carcA sAthe siddha karI che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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kumArikAkSetra ane paurANika bhUgoLa 13 khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA kinArAnA lATa dezanuM varNana karatAM narmadAnA mukhanI dakSiNe kemenI (Kamane)nAmanuM sthaLa TelemI lakhe che,28 (I. sa. bIjI sadI) perIplasamAM kamonI (Kammoni) nAmanuM gAma ApeluM che. 28 keTalAka e bene eka ja sthaLa gaNe che ane keTalAka judAM gaNe che.30 banne ullekhanAM varNana uparathI temanAM sthaLa hAlanAM khaMbhAtanI jagyAe AvatAM nathI. paraMtu A grIka lekhakone sthaLanirNaya taddana ekkasa mAnavA jevA nathI. 1 ensAIkalopIDiyA briTAnikAmAM khaMbhAta vize lakhanAra TolemIne kamenI (Kamane)ne khaMbhAta ja mAne che.32 e anumAna kharuM lAge che. chatAM e lekhake ema mAnavA mATe kAMI paNa purAvo ke AdhAra ApyuM nathI. Rc Mc. Crindles Ptolemy-P. 38-39. 29 Periplus of the Erythrean Sea (Oxford) P. 99 ane noMdha 2. 30 juo babbe gejheTIara vi. 1, bhA. 1, pR. 539. AmAM ekane kIma gaNe che ane bIjAne kAmaleja athavA kAmareja kahe che. mekakIDala piriplasanA AdhAre lakhe che ke kamenIne narmadAnI uttare mukavAmAM TolemInI bhUla che, ane kadAca TolemI ane piraplasanAM gAmo judAM heya. periplasanA kamenInuM sthaLa susta jeTale dakSiNe cheTe Ave che. kharI rIte A bannenAM varNana goTALo utpanna kare tevAM che. mekInDalanI zaMkA kharI lAge che. kIma ane kAmareja kinArAthI cheTAM aMdara AvelAM che, ane nAmanA pahelA akSaranA maLatApaNAthI e nAma besADavA mATe vadhAre AdhAra joIe. TelemI piriplesa karatAM thaLanirNayamAM acokkasa chatAM kamenIne narmadAnA mukhanI uttare mUkavAmAM e sAco hoya ema ensAIkalopIDiyA briTAnikAnA lekhathI samajAya che ane ema hoya to TolemInA kamenIthI khaMbhAta udiSTa thAya. 31TolemIe jAte A kinAro joyelo nathI e mata che. juo surendranAtha majhamudAra zAstrInI TelemI upara praratAvanA. 32 e lekhaka Kamanene badale Kamenes lakhe che. eTale eNe mULa grIka nakala uparathI joI khAtrI karI hoya ema saMbhave che. Enc. Bri. 13th. Ed, Vol. V. For Private and Personal Use Only

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UUSUVUUSAUNA prakaraNa trIjuM abhidhAna khaMbhAtanAM nAma che I sthaLanA nAma uparathI ja jotAM te nAma paDavAnA kAraNa mATe carcAne sthAna rahetuM O nathI. koI sthaLane mATe TUMkI carcAthI khulAse thaI jAya che. khaMbhAtane mATe evuM nathI e enA itihAsanI eka vicitratA che eTale khaMbhAta nAma paDavAnuM kAraNa ane khaMbhAta zaheranAM bIja nAma vagere maLI khAsa nAma-abhidhAna mATe ja eka AkhuM prakaraNa ane eka pariziSTa lakhavAnuM prApta thAya che. khaMbhAta nAma vize gujarAtanA agragaNya vidvAnomAM eka vakhata eTalI lAMbI carcA thaelI che ke evI carcA bIjA keI bhegolika sthaLanA nAma mAtra upara bhAgye ja thaelI jovAmAM Ave. ApaNI aitihAsika paraMparAnI evI rIta che ke koIpaNa sthaLanI prAcInatA siddha karavA mATe enAM cAra yuganAM cAra judAM nAma ApI ene paurANika epa caDhAve. paraMtu khaMbhAte e yugAMtaranI prAcInatAno bAhya ADaMbara karyA vagara cAra karatAM vadhAre nAma dhAraNa karelAM che. enAM khaMbhAta-khaMbhAyata, staMbhatIrtha, traMbAvatI-tAmralipta, mahInagara, bhogavatI, pApavatI, karNAvatI e pramANe sAta nAma che. eTale mukhya nAma khaMbhAta ane bIjAM nAmono savistara vicAra karavAnI AvazyakatA che. khaMbhAtanAM A nAmamAM staMbhatIrtha e sapramANa graMtho ane lekhomAM vaparAtuM nAma che; tAmralita ane mahAnagara e pirANika jaNAya che; ane bAkInA lokanI paraMparAthI prApta thaelAM che. eno vicAra karatAM pahelAM hAlanA itihAsalekhakoe keTalAMka nAma bhramathI dAkhala karelAM che tene mATe TUMkAmAM vivecana karavuM paDe tema che. gajanI khaMbhAtanI jagyAe nahotuM rAsamALAne AdhAre khaMbhAta gejheTIaranA lekhaka kahe che ke valabhInA samayamAM mahI nadInA mukha upara gajanI nAmanuM nagara hatuM ane valabhI rAjyanuM e sAruM baMdara gaNAtuM. karnala TaoNDa lakhe che ke gajanI ke gAyanI khaMbhAtathI traNa mAIla cheTe hatuM ane khaMbhAtanAM jUnAM nAmomAM e nAma paNa kahevAtuM. valabhIpura sAthe e paNa lUMTAyuM tyAre tyAMnuM rAjakuTuMba gajanImAM AvI raheluM hatuM. bApA rAvaLe musalamAna pAsethI e jItI lIdhuM. I. sa. 810 sudhI khaMbhAtanuM nAma gajanI hatuM. bApA 1 vasaMta saM. 1969-70 ane buddhiprakAza I.sa. 1915nA aMkamAM sAkSara zrI narAsaharAvabhAI, sva. zrI tanasukharAmabhAI ane zrI sI.DI. dalAla vacce lAMbI carcA cAlI hatI. 2 muMbaI gejheTIara che. 6, pR. 213, . 2. For Private and Personal Use Only

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abhidhAna rAvaLe potAnA bhatrIjAne enA adhikArI nImyA hatA.3 A kathana nirAdhAra ane bhramamUlaka che. mahInA mukha AgaLa traNa mAIlane cheTe te jANItuM nagara phakta nagarA che ema siddha thaeluM. che. gajanI nAmanuM nagara eTalAmAM hatuM ane khaMbhAtanuM ja e prAcIna nAma hatuM ema keAi sapramANa lekha ke graMthamAM jaDatuM nathI. khaMbhAtanAM je je nAma lekha ane graMthAmAM tathA leAkakathAomAM jaDe che temAM paNa gajanI nAma nathI. karnala TaoNDe AdhAra sAthe lakhyuM nathI. valabhInA lekhamAM gajanI nAma Ave te uparathI te khaMbhAtanI jagyAe hatuM ane khaMbhAtanuM ja jUnuM nAma hatuM ema siddha thatuM nathI. valabhInA ja lekhamAM khaMbhAtane sthaLe prasiddha nagaraka-nagarA hatuM enI carcA AgaLa karIzuM. eTale gajanI ke gayanI e hAlatuM gAjanA gAma hoya ema suprayukta lAge che. e gAma mahInA mukha upara ja che. mahI nadIne pravAha mahIsAgarane nAme paheALA thAya che te jagyA upara dahevANuthI thoDe cheTe e gAma AveluM che, ane khaMbhAtathI pUrve Azare vIsa mAIla cheTe che. 15 gaMbhUtA khaMbhAtanuM nAma nathI khIne eve ja bhrama gaMbhUtA nAma mATe cAle che. gaMbhUtA e khaMbhAtanuM prAcIna nAma nathI e nirvivAda che. vanarAjanA samayanA zIlaguNasUrinA AcArAMga sUtranI TIkAmAM mUtAM AvavAthI uccAra sAdazyathI A bhUla DaoN. myUlara Adie karelI jaNAya che. saMmUtAnA ullekha prAcIna sAhityamAM betraNa vakhata Ave che. emAM gaMmUtA nathava e vArSika pathakanI sAnnidhyamAM che, ane enI pAse kallurI gAmane! paNa ullekha che. A vArSika pathaka te hAlanuM vaDhIAra eTale bahucarAjI pAsene bhAga; ane kAlherI gAmane hAla kAlaDI kahe che te paNa tyAM ja AveluM che. eTale gaMbhUtA pATaNa jillAmAM hovAnuM siddha thAya che ane te hAlanuM mADherAnI pAse AveluM gAMbhU gAma che. hAla paNa ene kasbA kahI zakAya evaDuM meluM e che. eTale pUrve pathaka eTale tAlukA ane tenuM te mukhya nagara haze e siddha vAta che, khaMbhAta sAthe ene kAMi saMbaMdha nathI. khaMbhAta prAcIna jaina tIrtha nathI have khaMbhAtanA sthaMbhatIrtha e saMskRta nAma uparathI ene staMbhanakapura athavA staMbhanapura nAmanuM prAcIna jaina tIrtha kahevAmAM Ave che e bhramanA khulAse thavAnI paNa jarUra che. khaMbhAtamAM hAla 3 CADa rAjasthAna, esa.ke. lAhIrI saMpAdita AvRtti, veA. 1, pR. 202-3 ane pra. 4, pR. 321. vi. saM. 1970nA caitranA vasaMtanA mAsikanA aMkamAM khaMbhAta vizenI carcAmAM noMdhamAM A utArA Apele che. temaja temAM vadhu jaNAvyuM che ke zrI devadatta bhAMDArakara i.sa. 810mAM khaMbhAtanuM nAma gajanI hatuM ema lakhe che. zrI devadattanI A mAnyatA mATe kAMi pramANa ApyuM hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. khaMbhAtanA hAlanA sthaLathI traNa mAila cheTe gajanI hatuM ema lakhavAmAM te gajanI ane nagarA vacce goTALA UbhA karelA jaNAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only 4 baoNmbe gejheTIara, veA. 1, bhA. 1, gujarAtanA itihAsa, pR. 123. ahIM gabhatA e khaMbhAtanuM jUnuM nAma che ema nizcayapUrvaka lakhyuM che chatAM kAraNa ke AdhAra ApyA nathI. eTale pAchaLanA lekhakAe ene pramANa mAneluM che. vasaMta patranI carcAmAM zrI tanasukharAmabhaie gaMbhUtA nAma khaMbhAtanuM hoya nahi ema lakhyuM che; paraMtu gaMbhUtA kayuM gAma tenA nirNaya karaile| nathI.

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abhidhAna zrI staMbhana pArzvanAthanuM maMdira che ane te kAraNathI jainanuM e tIrtha gaNAya che. eTale staMbhatIrtha ane staMbhana pArzvanAthanuM tIrtha e be zabadasAdasyathI e jaina tIrtha uparathI ja khaMbhAtanuM nAma paDayuM haze ema Aja sudhI lakhAelA lagabhaga badhA ItihAsamAM jaNAveluM che. paraMtu A vAta atre spaSTa karavAnI khAsa agatya che ke staMbhatIrtha ane staMbhana pArzvanAthane saMbaMdha bahu prAcIna nathI. e saMbaMdha pAchaLathI thaelo che. staMbhatIrtha nAma staMbhana pArzvanAthanI khaMbhAtamAM sthApanA karI te pUrve ghaNA kALathI vaparAtuM hatuM. je staMbhanapura nagaramAMthI staMbhana pArzvanAthane khaMbhAtamAM lAvI sthApana karavAmAM AvyA hatA te nagara ane staMbhatIrtha-khaMbhAta e che kevaLa judAM ja zahere che. eTale staMbhatIrtha-khaMbhAta prAcIna jaina tIrtha nathI. staMbhatIrtha ane thaMbhanapura khaMbhAyata nAma ke jenuM saMskRta rUpa pAchaLathI staMbhatIrtha thayuM che teno jUno ullekha gaMgAdhare racelA "pravAsakRtya"mAM Ave che. e graMtha vi. saM. 1163mAM racAya che. kaMbAyata ke khaMbhAyata nAma Araba musAphare cheka I.sa. 91pathI vApare che. staMbhanapura athavA staMbhanakapurano ullekha abhayadevasUrie vi. saM. 1131mAM karyo che. pAdaliptAcAryanA samayamAM nAgArjune pArAnuM staMbhana karavA mATe prabaMdha karyo. te prasaMgamAM zrI pArzvanAthanI mUrti laI AkAza mArge jatAM zeDhI nadIne kinAre lAvI sthApI ane pratiSThAnapuranA sAtavAhana rAjAnI padminIrANuM caMdralekhAne hAthe rasavidhAna karAvatAM te sthaLe pAro staM tyAM staMbhanapura nAmanuM nagara prasiddha thayuM. samaya jatAM nagara aprasiddha thayuM ane mUrti vadanamAtra bahAra rahI bAkInI bhUmimAM daTAI gaI. vi. saM. 1088 thI 1135nI vacce zrI abhayadevasUrine tenuM jJAna prApta thatAM temaNe "jayatihuaNa stotrathI stavana karatAM mUrti ApoApa bahAra AvI ane staMbhanapura pharI vasyuM. A samayathI te vastupAla 5 khaMbhAta gejheTIaramAM kaMda purANanI vAtane Teko ApI staMbhana pArzvanAthano ullekha karelo nathI, paNa sAmAnya rIte jeno rastaMbhana pArzvanAthanA tIrtha uparathI taMbhatIrtha nAma paDavuM ema mAne che. eka jaina lekhake zrI staMbhana pArzvanAthanI mUrti zeDhI nadIne kinArethI zrI abhayadevasUrie lAvI khaMbhAtamAM sthApI ema lakhyuM che te paNa bhUla che. zrI sUrie e pratimA zeThane tIre te ja nAmanuM zahera pharI vasAvI sthApelI, jenI carcA AgaLa karI che. 6 vasaMta pavamAM zrI narasiMharAvabhAI ane zrI tanasukharAmabhAI vacce je carcA cAlelI temAM staMbhanapura ane staMbhatIrthakhaMbhAta e be nagara judAM che ema lAMbI carcAne aMte zrI narasiMharAvabhAIne lAgeluMparaMtu staMbhanapurane sthaLanirNaya te samaye thaele nahi. zrI tanasukharAmabhAIe staMbhanapura zeDhI nadIne tIre hatuM tenA ullekha nedhelA; paraMtu e nagara, staMbhatIrtha ane taMbhatIrtha velAkula e traNe eka zahera bhinnabhinna samaye khasatAM khasatAM vaselAM evI matalabanuM lakhANa kareluM che, ane staMbhanapurane taddana bhinna nagara gaNeluM nathI. AcArya vallabhajIe pote saMpAdita karelI "kIrtikemudI'nI prastAvanAmAM staMbhanapura te khaMbhANa hoI zake e saMdigdha ulekha mAtra karyo che, paraMtu e sthaLa kayuM te batAvyuM nathI; eTale emane staMbhatIrthanA prAkRta svarUpamAM staMbhanapuranA prAkRta svarUpane "" Avo joIe ema lAgyAthI saMdigdha anumAna karyuM haze. staMbhanapuranA "nane prAkRta rUpamAM 'Na thavo joIe te staMbhatIrthanA prAkRta rUpamAM nathI Avato e agatyanI vAta ja e be nagarane bhinna gaNavA mATe pUratI che. "sta' to baMne nAmanA AraMbhamAM che, ane prAkRtamAM ene vikalpa sava ane zuM thAya che. e AkhI carcA khaMbhAtanA abhidhAnaprakaraNa mATe upayegI che eTale pariziSTamAM karIzuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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abhidhAna 17 tejapAlanA samaya (teramI sadI) sudhI A staMbhanapura zeDhI nadIne kinAre juduM nagara hatuM ane ene khaMbhAta sAthe saMbaMdha naheAtA.7 vastupAlanA giranAranA lekhamAM sthaMbhatIrtha velAkula ane staMbhanapura e judAM spaSTa rIte ApelAM che. zeDhI nadInA uparanA staMbhanapura ane staMbhatIrthanAM prAkRta nAmeA judAM ApelAM che. staMbhanapurane 'thaMbhaNupura' ane staMbhatIrthane 'khaMbhanayarI' kahe che. staMbhanapArzvanAthane paNa 'thAbhA pArasanAtha' kahe che. A staMbhanapura athavA thaMbhaNupura te zeDhI nadIne kinAre hAla bhagnAvazeSa dazAmAM ThAsarAthI theADe dUra AveluM che, ane Aje paNa tene thAmaNA kahe che. aDhAramI sadInA madhya bhAga sudhI e ThaMka dazAmAM hatuM. 9 staMbhanapurathI zrI pArzvanAthanI mUrti khaMbhAta AvI A staMbhanapuramAMthI zrI staMbhana pArzvanAthanI pratimA kyAre staMbhatIrthamAM AvI te vicAravAnI khAsa jarUra che. vikramanI paMdaramI sadInI zarUAta pahelAMnA graMthamAM A sthaMbhanapurane khaMbhAtathI bhinna gaNavAmAM AvatuM. te pachInA graMtheAmAM khaMbhAta mATe staMbhatIrtha ane staMbhanapura ema be nAma vaparAvA mAMDayAM. prabaMdhaciMtAmaNinA kartA mejIMcArye zrI NmanAcaritra nAmanA graMtha racelo che. e graMtha hAla aprasiddha ane apUrNa svarUpamAM upalabdha che. emAM AcAryaM lakhe che ke saM. 1268 varSe 2 viSe zrI haMmatIrthe samAcAt vi. saM. 1768 (I. sa. 1312-13) A bibastaMbhana pArzvanAthanA biMbane--staMbhatIrtha (khaMbhAta) lAvyA.10 e ja AcArye potAnA prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi graMthamAM staMbhana pArzvanAthanuM dhAma zeDhI nadIne kinAre stabanapuramAM che ema spaSTa lakheluM che. eTale staMbhanapura 7 juo prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi; rAmacaMdra dInAnAtha saMpAnti pR. 710-11- 'mekItaTinyAstaTe'vagere.tIrthakalpa, baMgALa AvRttiH pR. 44. pArzvanAtha kalpaH zrI pArzvanAthanI traNa pratimA hatI temAMnI trIjI staMbhanapuramAMH tRtIyA thaMmaLapumi vattA sendrItaTa narapAsavaLe ! e rIte zeDhIne taTe palArAnA vana pAsenA ullekha che. mAvaSatrimAM-abhayadevaprabaMdhamAM zlo. 142, 144 ane 150 juo: Nmana me seTiA taTinI taTe || vagere. prabhA, caritra cAdamI sadInuM che. grAma zabda uparathI staMbhanapura te samaye bahu moTuM nagara jevuM nahi hoya, prabaMdha viMzati sekI navItIre pArSado sa: AMmitaH / Nmana nAma tattIya prathai ! Omanapura nAma puraM ca // ema staMbhanaka ane staMbhanapura e ullekha tIrtha ane purane uddezIne che. te staMbhatIrtha-khabhAtane bhinna siddha kare che. 2 thaMbhaNupura e prAkRta nAmanA AdhAra pAchaLa ApyA. khabhanayarI e khaMbhAtane mATe prAkRta prayAga che te mATe jIe samara/pu, prAcIna yugera bAnya, vaDodarA AvIenTala sIrIjha, 9 ThAsarA tAlukAmAM AveluM thAmaNA gAma e ja staMbhanapura che, e zeDhIne kinAre che ane ghaNuM prAcIna che. tyAM palAza-khAkharAnuM vana paNu hatuM. A vAtanuM jainAcArya itihAsa tattvajJa zrI kalyANuvijayajIe paNa padvArA samarthana kareluM che. thAmaNA gAmanA ullekha mIrAte ahamadImAM Ave che. aDhAramI sadInA aMta sudhI tyAM khAzAhI thANuM hatu.... 10 jIo prAcIna jaina jaila saMd mA. 2; munizrI jinavijayajI saMpAdita-giranAralekha naM. 38e ne te uparanI noMdha. zrI jinavijayajIe pATaNu bhaMDAramAM uparokta grantha joi A khAtrI karelI che. thAmaNA-thAMbhaNA. e thaMbhaNuyanuM hAlanuM gujarAtI rUpa che; ane e staMbhanakanuM prAkRta rUpa che. abhayadeva sUrie 'gRti huaNu' Adi zabdAthI je stavana raceluM che temAM pArzvanAthane 'thaMbhaNu purazna' eTale Nmanarasthita ema lakheluM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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18 abhidhAna ane staMbhatIrtha e uccArasadazyathI banne bhinna nagarane eka dhAravAnI pAchaLanA itihAsalekhakoe bhUla karI haze.11 A uparathI khaMbhAta I.sa. 1312-13 eTale allAuddIna khIlajInA lazkare gUjarAta sara karyuM te arasAmAM zrI staMbhana pArzvanAthanuM dhAma banyuM. te pUrve nahatuM. tARlisa caMbAvaTI khaMbhAtane bI nagaranAM nAmo sAthe meLavI devAnA je je prayatna thayA che tenI carcA karI. have khaMbhAtanAM bIja aitihAsika ane paraMparAgata nAma che ane te kharekhara khaMbhAtanAM ja nAma che tene vicAra karIe. vidvAnoe jema uparanAM nAmo khaMbhAtanAM na hovA chatAM tene khaMbhAtanAM gaNavA prayatna karyo tema keTalAMka nAma kharekhara khaMbhAtanAM hovA chatAM tene mATe kA uThAvI che, ane temane daMtakathA kahI hasI kADhayAM che. tenuM eka nAma te traMbAvaTI agara traMbAvatI. - khaMbhAta gejheTIaramAM traMbAvatI nAma tAMbAnA keTanI daMtakathAne baMdha besADavA mATe kyuM haze ema kahI DaoN. byularane mata TAMke che. e nAma jaina ke brAhmaNa graMthamAM lakheluM nathI ema lakhe che. zrI manasukharAmabhAI e nAma vizvasanIya nathI ema lakhe che. eka lekhaka khaMbhAvatI ane traMbAvatI sarakhuM mAnI tenA uparathI tAmranuM tamba ane tenuM azuddha triba karI traMbAvatI ke tAmravatI karyuM haze ema mAne che. khabhAtanuM trabAvatI nAma kharuM ja che. e saMskRta tAbraliptanuM bhraSTa rUpa thaeluM che. siMhAsanabatrIsI ane paMcadaMDa chatraprabaMdha pramANe e nAma vikrama rAjAnA vakhatanuM che ema manAya. e prabaMdhonI racanA game tyAre thaI hoya, paNa emAM vAtenA rUpamAM noMdhAelI paraMparA arvAcIna nathI. gardabhasenanI vAtane vikramAdityanI aitihAsika vyakti sAthe saMbaMdha hoya ke na hoya, paNa vikramanA nAmanuM sAhacarya e paraMparAne Isa.nI chaThThI sadInI pUrve to mUke ja.13 A be ullekhe uparAMta pro. anaMtaprasAda baeNnarajI zAstrI pUrvanA tAluka baMdaranI peThe pazcimamAM khaMbhAtanA akhAta uparanA tAluka baMdarane ullekha kare che.14 ApaNe enI carcA parANika prakaraNanA pariziSTamAM karIzuM. gujarAtI jaina vAto ane prAcIna rAsAomAM "tAmaliti' tAstralipti baMdara dakSiNa dizAmAM15 hevAne ullekha kare che. e gUjarAtanA jaina lekhake pUrvamAM rahelA tAmralitane ullekha nahi paNa te vakhatanA gujarAtanI 11 jinaharSagaNita vattAtracaritramAM vastupAla taMbhatIrthanA saMghane laI staMbhanakamAM pArzvanAthane namavA jAya che ethI paNa bhinna siddha thAya che. 12 khaMbhAta gejheTIara, muMbaI-pR. 212 ane nedha. 13 juoveber saMpAdita Indishestudienvol. XVp.252.emAM sisinazariAvA vize lakhatAM sAbaramatI ane mahI nadIonI vacce tAmraliptino ullekha karyo che. 14 anaMtaprasAda baeNnarajI zAstrInuM Asur in India. A nibaMdhamAM zAstrIjIe saMskRtinI peThe bhegelika nAmo paNa hiMdanA pazcimottara bhAgamAMthI pUrva ane dakSiNamAM gayAM che evA arthane siddhAMta pratipAdita karyo che. pirANika itihAsanA pariziSTamAM enI TUMkI carcA khaMbhAtanA sthaLane ane gujarAtanA kinArAne lagatI haze teTalI karIzuM. 15 A ullekha rA. bhImajI mANeke chapAvelA prAcIna jaina rAsAonI vAtomAM Ave che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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abhidhAna 19 dakSiNe AvelA ApaNA tApralipta khaMbhAtanA ja ullekha kare che. prAcIna prAkRta cUrNI graMthAmAM 'mahAi TrIya padmAsa'vagere gujarAtanAM baMdarA bheguM tAjitine ullekha kare che ane jaina sUtreAmAM 'naruvaTana mahAi tAjitti mAr' ityAdi zabdothI bharUcanA sAnnidhyathI khaMbhAta vyakta thAya che. bharUca dIva ane pahAsa-prabhAsanA sahacaryathI paNa khaMbhAta ja uddiSTa che. 16 have ethI vadhAre sapramANa purAvA joie. zrI jinaprabhasUrinA pramAvavantaritra (sa. 1734)nA zrI hemacaMdrasUriprabaMdhamAM A bAbata spaSTa purAvA maLe che. zrI hemacaMdrasUrie staMbhatIrtha----khaMbhAtamAM dIkSA lIdhI hatI e to jANItuM che. keTalIka vidyA bhaNyA chatAM emane vadhu jJAnanI IcchA thavAthI kAzmIravAsinI devInI (sarasvatInI) ArAdhanA karavA dhAryuM. e vakhate pote khaMbhAtamAM hatA. prabaMdhakAra lakhe che ke e mATe zrI sUrie tAmrajiptimAMthI prasthAna karI bahAra AvelA raivatAvatAra--neminAthanA sthaLamAM utArA karyAM. tyAM rAtre ja devI prasanna thai ane sUrine kAzmIra na javuM paDayuM. temaja saranA caritramAM pUrvanA tAmralipta ke pUrvamAM koI sthaLe javA mATe ke baMgALa javA mATe ullekha nathI. A prasaMgamAM e prabaMdhamAM zlAka 3rmAmAM sUri khaMbhAtamAM hatA te mATe staMmatIrtha zabda vAparyoM che. ane turata bleka 91mAmAM tyAMthI prasthAna karavA mATe tAmraruipti zabda vAparyAM che.17 eTale khaMbhAtanuM tAmralipta nAma te samaye jANItuM hatuM e siddha thAya che. skaMdapurANu kAmArikAkhaMDa uparAMta nAgarakhaMDamAM tArakAsuranA ullekhA che. temAM 264mA adhyAyamAM tenuM nivAsasthAna tAmravatImAM che ema spaSTa lakheluM che, kAmArikAkhaMDamAM te staMbhatIrtha nAma ja che. A tApralipta nAma keTaluM prAcIna che te spaSTa thatuM nathI. e viSaya saMdigdha heAvAthI samayanirNayanI carcA pirizaSTamAM karIzuM. bIjAM nAma khaMbhAtanAM bIjA nAmeAmAM jaina lekhake bhAgavatI, lIlAvatI ane karNAvatI lakhe che, emAM bhAgavatI athavA bhegAvatI nAma jaina ane bIjA lekhakA paNa jaNAve che. karnala TAMDa karNAvatIne badale amarAvatI lakhe che; ane bAghavatI (vAghavatI), pApavatI e e nAma navAM umere che. A bAdhavatI kadAca bhAgavatInuM bhraSTa rUpa karyuM hAya. bhAgavatI sivAya A nAmeA mATe paraMparAnA kAMI paNa AdhAra 16 A cUrNI graMthA dhaNA prAcIna che. keTalAka teA navamI sadInA kahevAya che ane ghaNA aprasiddha che. A zreNI graMtheAnA ullekhA mane 'vIra nirvANa saMvata Ara jaina kAlagaNanA'--nAgarI pracAriI patrikA--nA lekhaka munimahArAja zrI kalyANavijayajIe lakhI jaNAnyA che. 17 pramAvavaSatri : (nirNayasAgara) pR. 298. AmAM cAMgadeva (hemacaMdranuM bAlyAvasthAnuM nAma)ne zrI devacaMdrasUri mAgI le che ane dIkSA mATe khaMbhAta lAve cheH tamArAya staMmatothaeN namu: zrI pArzva maPage #47
20. abhidhAna maLato nathI. karNAvatI nAma karNadeva rAjAnA TUMkA nivAsane lIdhe paDayuM hoya ke amarAvatIne badale bhUlathI umerAyuM hoya ene nirNaya thaI zakato nathI. paraMtu karNAvatI e amadAvAda pAsenA AzAvaLanuM karNadeve pheraveluM nAma che e vAta siddha thaelI che, eTale karNAvatI khaMbhAtanuM nAma bhUlathI ja manAeluM che ane te amarAvatIne badale lakhAyuM lAge che. amarAvatI nAma khaMbhAtanI te samayanI zobhAne laIne hevuM joIe. pApavatI nAma mATe kAMI khulAse maLatuM nathI. bALA vepArane lIdhe vepArIo asatyAdi pApa sAmAnyarIte kare evI mAnyatAne lIdhe vepArathI vimukha rahelA lekee e nAma ApyuM hoya ema saMbhave. khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM pApike 19 (Papike) nAmanuM sthaLa grIka lekhake I.sa.nI bIjI sadImAM lakhe che. enA varNana uparathI TIkAkAre ene gopanAtha kahe che. A sivAya "pApa" zabdane samAveza karanAruM koI nAma gUjarAtanI bhUgoLamAM jaDatuM nathI. A pike gepanAtha ja hoya evuM ke cokkasa siddha thayuM nathI, paraMtu varNana uparathI tene khaMbhAtane sthaLe lavAya ema nathI. kadAca akhAtane kinAre khaMbhAta sAthe ghoghAnI peThe nikaTane vyAvahArika saMbaMdha dharAvatuM koI baMdara heya. lIlAvatI nAma mATe paNa jaina kavinA lakhANa sivAya bIjI hakIkata maLatI nathI. TUMkamAM A badhAM nAme mATe nirNaya thaI zake evA AdhAra maLatA nathI. ane e nAmovALAM gAma khaMbhAtanI AsapAsa khaMbhAta sAthe koI jAtane saMbaMdha dharAvatAM gAmo hAI pAchaLathI temanAM nAme khaMbhAtane lagADAyAM hoya ema paNa manAya. AmAM eka bhagavatI nAma evuM che ke jene mATe paraMparAnuM anveSaNa karavAmAM anumAnane avakAza che.20 paraMtu e saMdigdha viSaya hovAthI pairANika bhULanA prakaraNanA pariziSTamAM enI carcA karIzuM. mahInagara nagara have mahInagara ane staMbhatIrtha e be nAmane vicAra karavAnuM rahyuM. mahInagara nAma skaMdapurANanA kumArikAkhaMDamAM ghaNIvAra Ave che. e nagara nAradamunie vasAvyuM ema lakhe che. aMte nagara zabda lagADelAM zahere prasiddha hoya te temane ekaluM "nagara" kahevAnA dAkhalA ghaNA maLe che eTale mahInagara lokomAM ekaluM "nagara" ke "nagaraka e nAmathI prasiddhi pAmyuM ema jaNAya che. e zahera 18 amarAvatI pApavatI, ane bAdhavatI nAma karnala TaoNDe potAnA Western India nAmanA pustakamAM ApelAM che, daMtakathA sivAya te mATe kAMI AdhAra nathI. vAghavatI nAma manAya nahi evuM lAge che eTale ToDe bhAgavatInuM bAghavatI samajI lakhyuM hoya. 19 The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea (Oxford) p. 98 ane muMbaI gejheTIara bhA1, 5.544. 20 juo kabhadAsakRta bharatabAhubali rAsa: "Isu anupama gAma, jehanAM bahu che nAma; caMbAvatI piNa kahiye, khaMbhanagara piNa lahiryo. bhegAvatI piNa haya, nagara lIlAvatI joya; karNAvatI piNa jANuM, gaDhamaDha maMdira vakhANuM.' AnaMda kAvyamahodadhimAMthI. 21 ghaNA adhyAyamAM che. 48 ane 49mAM khAsa che. 49mAM nAradajIe vasAvyuM evuM lakhyuM che. tIrtha tarIke mahIsAgara saMgamatIrtha ane guptatIrtha ane nagara tarIke mahInagara ane staMbhatIrtha vAraMvAra Ave che. ke. khaMDamAM tAmralipta ke tAmravatI nAma nathI, paNa nAgarakhaMDamAM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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abhiyAna 21 hAlanA nagarA gAmanI jagyAe hatuM. nagarA gAmamAMthI jayAdityanA maMdiramAMthI vastupAlanA samayanA be lekha e maMdirano jIrNoddhAra karAvyAnA maLyA che. emAM zrI nAramuni vinivAsita zrI nAra mIMcIne e pramANe ullekha che. eTale skaMdapurANanA nAradamunie vasAvelA mahInagara sAthe e maLI rahe che. A nagarakano ullekha valabhInA tAmrapatramAM maLe che ane vastupAlanA samayamAM te te ghaNuM prAcIna manAtuM te uparathI I.sa.nI sAtamI sadImAM sArI sthitimAM hatuM ema mAnavAne kAraNa che. A samayamAM gujarAtanA kAMThA upara baiddha matanuM kAMIka jora dAkhala thayuM hoya ema lAge che. nagarA gAmamAMthI jaDelI buddhanAthanI23 mUrti uparathI tathA e kinArA upara cha thI AThamI sadI sudhI baddha saMpradAyanA mANasonI meTI vastI hatI evA cInI24 ane Araba25 musApharenAM varNanathI ema siddha thAya che ke nagarAne sthaLe mahInagara-tAmraliptastaMbhatIrtha je kahe te-nAmanuM nagara i.sa.nI chaThThI sadI pahelAM prasiddha hatuM. have pANininA vyAkaraNamAM ApelA gaNapAThamAM mahInagara nAmanuM eka zahera zrI vaidya gaNAve che ane hiMdustAnanI prAcIna ke arvAcIna bhUgoLamAM zedha karatAM te nAmanuM bIjuM koI sthaLa jaDatuM nathI. te pachI skaMdapurANe spaSTa ullekha kareluM nAradamuninuM vasAveluM mahInagara e ja hoya emAM zaMkA karavA jevuM nathI. A ulekhone satya mAnI AgaLa cAlIe te khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa ane nagaraka mahAsthAna cheka pANininA samaya jeTaluM prAcIna (i.sa. pUrve AThamI sadInuM) na mAnIe te paNa pAtaMjala mahAbhASyanA samaya jeTaluM prAcIna (I.sa. pUrve bIjI sadInuM) mAnavAmAM vAMdho nathI. pariziSTamAM A viSayanI vizeSa carcA karIzuM. 22 juo Epi. Indica vol. XVII p. 109. dhruvasena pahelAnA samayanuM tAmrapatra emAM nagarakanA rahevAsI brAhmaNane jamIna ApyAnI vAta che. saMpAdaka A nagaraka nAgaronuM mULa sthAna vaDanagara haze evI kalpanA kare che. patramAM je gAmanI jamIna ApI tenI vigata che, paNa nagaraka saMbaMdhI mAtra nAma ja che ane saMpAdakane vaDanagara hovAnI khAtrI nathI; mAtra tarka karyo che. valabhInA bIjA patramAM vaDanagara mATe AnaMdapurane judo ullekha che. eTale nArade vasAvelA brAhmaNanA mahAsthAna A khaMbhAtanA nagarakamAMthI ja brAhmaNa belAvI jamIna ApelI. vaDanagara valabhIne AvuM paDe. vadhu carcA AgaLa. 23 nagarA gAmamAM eka TekarA uparathI A mUrti jaDI che. mati saMkaDo varasathI saMbhALa vagara paDelI hovAthI ghasAre vadhAre lAge che, eTale enA ghaDatarane cekasa rAmaya nakkI karavuM muzkela che. chatAM e carcA ane bIjuM varNana jovAlAyaka sthaLAnA prakaraNamAM karIzuM. 24 Watters Yuan Chwang IL. p. 241, 245 thI 218. 25 eNmbe gejheTIara vi. 1, bhA. 1, pR. 531. ala IdrIsInuM varNana. ghoghAnA kinArA AgaLa paNa evI mUrti jaDelI, valabhIpuramAM baddha matAnuyAyIo hatA. A ane bIjI keTalIka carcA mATe juo A lekhakano prasthAna 1988 ASADhazrAvaNanA aMkamAM Avela "purAtana khaMbhAtane lekha. Ri C. V. Vaidya:-History of Sanskrit Literature: Vedic Period, Sec. IV, p. 93-94. Hi pANininAM sUtro uparathI nagaranI yAdI ApelI che temAM pANini TV 2:97 mujaba. 27 naMdalAla de, kaniMgahAma tathA bIjA je je graMtho prAcIna bhUgoLa mATe lakhAyA che, agara to prAcIna bhUgoLanA TaoNlemI jevA graMtho upara TIkAo thaI che te jotAM tevuM nagara bIjuM maLatuM nathI. temaja hAlanAM gAmenI tapAsa karatAM paNa tevuM sthaLa nathI. mahInA kAMThA ane mahI mukhapradezane bhAga ghaNe prAcIna che ane vAyupurANamAM mAheya dezathI jANIto che. eTale skaMdapurANanA mInagarane prAcIna mAnavAnuM kAraNa che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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22 abhidhAna staMbhatIrtha have staMbhatIrtha nAmane vicAra karIe. staMbhatIrtha e khaMbhAtanuM pramANa saMskRta graMthe ane lekhomAM AvatuM nAma che. hemacaMdranA prAkRta vyAkaraNamAM ta ne tha ane vikalpa thAya che ema Adeza karelo che. eTale staMbhatIrthanuM khaMbhaItya thayuM; tenuM khaMbhAyata thayuM. khaMbhAyata ke khabhAIta nAma musalamAna itihAsakAroe vApareluM che. enuM TUMke gUjarAtI rU5 khaMbhAta thayuM. 28 bIjo mata evo che ke skaMbhatIrtha uparathI khaMbhastha thaI khaMbhAta thayuM che. kuMbha ane staMbha e paryAya zabada che29 kumAra kArtikeye khaMbhAtanA sthaLamAM tArakAsura daityane mArI tyAM vijayastaMbha ropyo ane staMbhezvara zivaliMganuM sthApana karyuM eTale e sthaLanuM nAma staMbhatIrtha thayuM ema purANakAra kahe che.30 staMbhane artha staMbha che khare. kuMbha e nAmane atharvavedane eka deva paNa che. kuMbhanA uparathI prAkRtamAM va thAya e vadhAre svAbhAvika hovA chatAM e vaidika zabda aprayukta thavAthI, ane zivanA paryAya tarIke e zabda na vaparAvAthI, ane vadhArAmAM hemacaMdra vikalpa pejI vyAkaraNanI chApa mArI sta nA rahe ne prayoga batAvI eka ghAe be kakaDA karI taMmano sAkSAta ja vaMma thayo ema vidvAne mATe sulabha karI ApavAthI, staMbhatIrtha nAma ja sapramANa manAya che. paraMtu staMbhatIrtha e saMskRta nAma sapramANa graMthamAM jaDe che tethI pUrve khaMbhAyata e prAkRta nAma lagabhaga be sadIo jUnuM vaparAzamAM hatuM. te khaMbhAtanA sthaLanI ane nAmanI prAcInatAno vicAra karatAM kuMbha uparathI ja sAkSAta khaMbha zabada nIkaLyo hoya ane hemacaMdranA samayamAM e prayoga lupta thaI tenA paryAya staMbha uparathI vikalpa cha khulAso karavo paDe hoya; paraMtu staMbha zabada uparathI ja staMbhatIrtha nAma paDayuM hoya ema mAnavAne bIje vadhe Ave che e saMkSiptamAM joI enI vistRta carcA pariziSTamAM karIzuM. taMbhatIrtha ane purANuM khaMbhAyata nAma staMbhatIrtha zabada pahelAM ghaNA kALathI vaparAtuM hatuM. purANakAra staMbhatIrthanuM eka che kAraNa Ape che te upara joyuM. paraMtu e ja purANakAra kumAranA vijayastaMbhanuM kAraNa ApI te pachInA eka adhyAyamAM lakhe che ke brahmAnA darabAramAM badhAM tIrtha bhegAM thayAM hatAM tyAM mahIsAgara saMgamatIrthe garva karyo. tethI ene zApa maLyuM ke e tIrtha gupta thaze. paraMtu kArtikeyanI vakIlAtathI zApanuM nivAraNa thayuM ane eNe taMma eTale garva karyo tethI e staMbhatIrtha nAmathI vikhyAta thaze.32 28 juo saM. 1969-70mAM thaelI zrI narasiMharAvabhAI ane zrI tanasukharAmabhAI vaccenI carcA, ane muMbAI gejhaTIara vi. 1. bhA. 1mAM pariziSTamAM Araba musApharonuM vRttAMta. 29 juo khaMbhAta gejheTIara DaoN. byularane mata meniyara viliyamsa potAnA koSamAM kuMbha ane staMbhamAM mAtra navarabheda Phonetic difference gaNe che. 30 skaMdapurANa, kamArikA khaMDa, adhyAya 35. 31 staMbhatIrtha nAma Isa, 1107thI jaDe che. tyAre khaMbhAyata nAma I.sa. 915mAM vaparAtuM jaDe che. 32 skaMdapurANa, kamArikAkhaMDa, a. 58mo adhyAya 3pamAmAM vijayastaMbhanI vAta che, jayAre 58mAmAM garvanI vAta che. baMne taMbha zabda uparathI che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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23 abhiyAna Ama skaMdapurANanA kAmArikA khaMDanA lekhake staMbhatIrtha nAma paDavAnAM e kAraNeA ekabIjA sAthe saMbaMdha vagaranAM ApyAM che. e siddha kare che ke purANanA e bhAganA lekhakane, khaMbhAyata nAma e samaye vaparAtuM hatuM tethI tenuM kAraNa yeAjavA prAcIna paraMparAone AdhAra levA chatAM kharUM kAraNu jaDayuM nathI, ane tethI e kAraNa ApavAM paDacAM che. kuMbhatIrtha A badhA vicAra karatAM, khaMbhAta-khaMbhAyata e nAma khaMbhAta zaheranAM mahInagara ane tAlima nAmanI sAthe prAcInakALathI cAlatuM hatuM, ane e nAma sAkSAta kuMbhatIrtha uparathI ja nIkaLyuM che. A zahera ane tIrtha e be eka ja meTA nagaranA aDAaDa vibhAga heAi judAMjudAM sthaLa hatAMeka samudranI cheka tIre ane bIjuM tene aDIne pAse. kuMbha e vaidika deva che ane ene artha zivanuM jyotirmaMyakaliMga evA thAya che. dhaNA ja prAcInakALathI gujarAtanA A kinArA zaiva matAnuM khAsa sthAna hatuM ane liMgapUjAne A kinArA upara AraMbha thayA ema mAnavAne kAraNa che,34 kuMbhane staMbhAkAra zivaliMgamAM adhyArApa thayA che ane ene purANe! ane zaivAgame liMgAdbhava mUrtine nAme pAchaLathI jANavA lAgyA.35 ane AvA prakAranA liMganA mAhAtmyane lIdhe staMbhatIrtha uparathI khaMbhAyata nAma paDayuM che, jene ApaNe khaMbhAta evA TUMkA nAmathI Aje elIe chIe. A prakaraNane lagatA pariziSTamAM sthaMbhanA zivaliMgamAM thaelA adhyAre pa bAbata ane khIcha abhidhAnane lagatI keTalIka carcA karIzuM. 33 kuMbha zabda RgvedamAM staMbhanA paryAya tarIke Ave che. atharvaveta kAMDa 10-7mAM sarvethI meTA deva tarIke Ave che. e vize vadhu carcA pachI thaze. 38 pAzupata matanI utpatti narmadAkinAre kAyAvarohaNa-kArAvaNa-mAM thaI ema siddha thayuM che. liMgapUna ane e mata gUjarAtanA AAkhAkinArA upara ane aMdara dhaNI ye sadIothI joramAM hatA, liMgapUjAnI prathama utpatti game tyAM thaI hoya paNa enI hAlanA svarUpamAM je pUjA thAya che tenI zarUAta hiMdustAnamAM gUjarAtanA kinAre thaI. tenI carcA pariziSTamAM thaze. 35 jIe 6. ke. zAstrIne rova dharmanA itihAsa ane gopInAtha rAvanI Elements of Hindu Iconography. A bAbatanI vigatavAra carcA paNa AgaLa karIzuM, For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNuM cothuM pirANika samaya paurANika kathAe gapATA nathI jarAtanA pATanagara aNahilavADa pATaNa ane amadAvAda ane jUnAgaDha, valabhI ke vaDedarA , jevAM zaherane parANika paraMparA nathI. paraMtu gujarAtanAM baMdara bharUca, khaMbhAta ane prabhAsane parANika paraMparA che, e ApaNA prAMtanA ItihAsanI eka rasamaya vicitratA che. bhaitika samRddhi uparAMta kAMIka tIrthanA kAraNathI, kAMIka prAcInatAthI ane kAMIka brAhmaNa varganA mAnItA sthAnanA kAraNathI moTe bhAge paraMparA baMdhAine cAlI Ave che. A paraMparAo kevaLa gapagoLA nathI. e paraMparAgata kathAomAMthI brAhmaNoe aMgata lAbhane mATe dAkhala karelAM mAhAbhyA ane camatkArika varNano jALavIne tAravI kADhIe to enA UMDANamAMthI aitihAsika satyo nIkaLe che ema have sapramANa siddha thayuM che. AvI paraMparAo cheka vedasamayathI purANee jALavI rAkhI che ane keTalAMka lupta thaelAM mULa purANamAMthI kaIka vadhaghaTa sAthe hAlanAM purANamAM UtarI AvI che. khaMbhAta ane devAsura saMgrAma - khaMbhAtanA sthaLanI pirANika kathAone mATe mahAkaMda purANane eka Akho avAMtarakhaMDa bharelo che. emAM kArtikeye karelA tArakAsuranA vadhathI mAMDIne mahIsAgara saMgama upara brAhmaNonuM saMsthAna kevI rIte thayuM enI kathAo tIrthonAM mAhAbhyo sAthe ApelI che. emAMnI aneka vAtAmAMthI satya bInA nakkI karavI ane kAlanirNaya karavA e samudramaMthana karavA jevuM che. juduMjude vakhate banelI aneka bInAo ane keTalIka saMbaMdha vagaranI bInAo paNa aMdara bhegI thaelI che. e badhI hakIkatamAM tArakAsurano vadha e sAthI prAcIna aitihAsika bIne gaNuM zakAya. asuro 1 A bAbata pAchaMTaranI Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, Dynasties of Kali Age, ane pre. anaMtaprasAda baeNnarajInI Asura In IndiamAM ghaNI vistRta carcA karelI che. veDelanA 'Indo Superian Seals Deciphered' e graMthamAM siMdhamAMthI jaDelI mahore ukelavA yatna karyo che. paraMtu hajI e vAta ApaNA vidvAnoe svIkArI nathI. pAITaranI zodho hiMdI vidvAnoe svIkArI che. 2 skaMda mahApurANa, kaumArikA khaMDa, a. 32 ane 35, 3 tArakAsuranI kathA padmapurANu sRSTikhaMDa a. 39, mahAbhArata zalya parva adhyAya 46mAM paNa ApelI che. rA.derAsarI kata pirANika kathAkeSamAM traNa tArakAsura ApelA che, emAM eka te nakAmo che. eka tripuranA daiomAMno eka ema kahe che ane vajAMganA putra A tArakAsurane matsya purANane AdhAre trIje tAraka kahe che. paraMtu A traNe tAraka eka ke judAjudA e kahevuM muzkela che. ApaNe tAraka ane tripuranA tArakanI kathAomAM phera hovAthI judA gaNelA che, paNa tripuranA tArakane zalya parvamAM kahela tAraka gaNe che to zalya parvamAM to sarasvatIne tIre thaelo tAraka kArtike mArelo e ja kahelo che. eTale e baMne tArake eka ke judA e kharekharUM siddha karavuM bahu muzkela che. chatAM eka che ema siddha karavAnuM sAdhana nathI maLyuM tyAM sudhI judA mAnIe topaNa jene mATe kAtakeyane avatAra thaye e kharekhara aitihAsika tAraka manAya. tAraka-mayanAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAmadAra mahUma navAba sAheba hijha hAinesa najamuddaulA, mumatAjha-ula-muka, momInakhAna bahAdura dilAvarajaMga navAba mirajhAM jApharaalIkhAna sAheba bahAdura For Private and Personal Use Only

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25 pirANika samaya ane temanI sAthe thaelAM devonAM yuddha e asura ane AryajAtio vacce thaelAM yuddha che. AjasudhI ane vikarALa ane dUra prANIo gaNavAmAM AvatA ane manuSyo karatAM vicitra zaktivALA gaNavAmAM AvatA e mAnyatA have vadhu zodhane lIdhe ochI thaI che. aitihAsika daSTithI jotAM asure kalpanA mAtra gaNAtA tema have gaNAtuM nathI. asure e ApaNA jevI manuSyanI eka jAti hatI e siddha thayuM che. devone nAme AryajAtio emanI sAthe laDhI che. e badhI carcA ane asurono gujarAtanA kinArA sAthe saMbaMdha judA pariziSTamAM carcIzuM. ahIM eTaluM ja kahevAnuM ke asura jAtinI laDAIo aitihAsika satya che ane tArakAsuranI laDAI paNa evI aneka laDAIono eka bhAga che. purANoe sAcavelI paraMparA ema kahe che ke e laDAI ane tArakAsurano vadha khaMbhAtanI bhUmi upara thayo che." tArakAsurane mAravA mATe kArtikeyane avatAra thayo ema ghaNAM purANa kahe che. e banAva mahIsAgara saMgama AgaLa khaMbhAtanI jagyAe banyo ema skaMdapurANane kaumArikA khaMDa kahe che. bIjAM purANothI paNa e banAva sarasvatI nadInA taTapradezamAM banyo che eTaluM to samajAya che; ane sarasvatIne pravAhane khaMbhAtanA akhAta sAthe saMbaMdha che e svIkArIe to khaMbhAtane sthaLe ke AsapAsa e yuddha thayuM haze ema mAnavAmAM vAMdhe nathI. tArakAsura keTalAMka daityone devone hAthe saMhAra thaI gayA pachI kazyapa prajApatine tyAM ditie vera levA mATe khAsa mAgaNI karavAthI vajAMga nAmanA daityane janma thayo. vajAMgane varAMgI nAmanI strI hatI. vajAMga bIjA de je laDAyaka prakRtine nahe. chatAM deva taraphathI cheke enI sAme ghaNI harakata UbhI karI hatI. vajAMga ane varAMgIno putra tAraka. eNe pAsiyAtra parvata upara tapa karI brahmadevane prasanna karI evuM varadAna meLavyuM hatuM ke nAnA bALaka sivAya koI ene yuddha aitihAsika gaNAya che. emAM paNa maya sAthenA tAraka mATe matabheda che. paraMtu daityo e AryonI virUddhanA mANaso ja che te nakkI thayA pachI A tArakAsara e jAtino mATe aitihAsika puraSa thaI gayo ema mAnavAne harakata nathI. zrIyuta amaranAtha dAsa emanA India & Jambu Island nAmanA pustakamAM pR. 282mAM tArakane cIne gaNyo che. pAriyA parvatanA zatapuramAM tene gayo che, chatAM emane AryAvarta brahAdezamAM lAgavAthI (1) tArakane cIne mAnya che. 4 juo pArjITara, anaMtaprasAda benarajInAM upara lakhelAM pustaka. vizvanAtha AyaranuM Racial Synthesis in India; gopInAtharAva Ele. of Hindu Iconography. A badhAnA matamAM je thoDA phera che tenI carcA AgaLa karIzuM. 5 skaMdapurANa kai. khaMDa, a. 32 ane 35, 6 juo upara nedha 3. 7 A bAbatanI vistRta carcA karavA mATe juduM pariziSTa jevuM. 8 matsyapurANa (u.ka.ka.); padmapurANa ru. khaMDa, a. 39; kaMdapurANaka. khaMDa, a, 14.1pa. padmapurANa kahe che ke vajAMga dharmAmAM hato. mAtAnA kahevAthI Idrane bAMdhI lAvyo. brahmAe choDAvI ene tapathI citta zuddha karavA kahyuM. te vakhate enI strI varAMgIne InDe naDavAthI eNe vAMga pAse tAraka putrane mA. 9 skaMdapurANa sAta divasanI umara kahe che e azakaya lAge che. bIjA AdhArothI nAnI umara eTaluM ja kharuM lAge che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pirANika samaya mArI zake nahi. AvuM baLa saMpAdana karyA pachI dee ene pitAne rAjA banAvyo. enI rAjadhAnI mahIsAgara saMgama upara hatI. eka vakhatanA yuddhamAM te eNe IMdrAdi dene harAvyA tathA keda karyA ane emanA adhikAra ne sayA.10 ene narmadA kinArAnA mAhiSa dezanA adhipati mahiSAsuranI, kAlanemi, nimi, daMbha, kubha, kuMjara, mathana, zuMbha vagere asura netAonI sahAya hatI.11 eka vakhata te viSNue yukita karI pakaDAelA devone choDAvyA. kathA kahe che ke deve ene na jItI zakyA tyAre pharI brahmA pAse gayA ane emanI pAsethI jANyuM ke zaMkarano putra kArtikeya ene mAraze. zaMkaranI ane kArtikeyanI prArthanA devoe karI ane devenI senAnuM Adhipatya chaMde lIdhuM. e vakhate skedanI umara ghaNI nAnI hatI. deva ane dAnavo vacce bhAre yuddha thayuM. zivabhaktane mAravAnuM spaMdane ThIka lAgyuM nahi, paraMtu devakArya karavAnuM hatuM eTale pitAnI zaktithI chevaTe tArakane mAryo. je jagyAe devone vijaya thayo te jagyAe vijayastaMbha ropI tyAM zivaliMganI sthApanA karI enuM nAma kumAreza ApyuM.12 e staMbha rope te staMbhatIrtha ema purANa kathAne eka mata che te te AgaLa joI gayA. A kathAmAM aitihAsika satya che. vaidika samayanAM moTAM asura kulone nAza thayA chatAM, asurano jaththo tUTI gayo chatAM chUTAchavAyA asuranetAonAM moTAM thANu bhAratavarSamAM hatAM ane ane gujarAtano kinAre asura kulethI bharelo hato. A kAraNane lIdhe ja saurASTrAdi dezomAM - javAnI dharmazAstranI manAI hatI, ane sarasvatI vinazana tIrtha mUkyA pachI adazya thaI gaI e. kathananuM kAraNa paNa nizAda rASTromAMthI vahevAnuM hatuM tethI evuM purANoe manAvyuM hatuM. brahmAvatane bhAga AryonI sattAmAM AvI gayo hato. tArakAsuranI sattA e samaye pAriyAvra parvatanI lagolagathI gujarAtanA kinArA sudhI hatI ema mAnI zakAya. mahiSAsura Adi enA mitre agara khaMDiyA hatA. emane vasavATa paNa gujarAta sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. khaMbhAtanuM tArApura enA nAma uparathI che 10 skaMdapurANamAM yuddhanuM varNana ane A kathA AkhI. a. 15 thI 35 sudhI che temAM kumAraspatti AvI jAya che. tArakanuM ne IndranuM, grasananuM ne yamanuM, kuberanuM ne jaMbhAsuranuM, viSNune kAlaneminuM yuddha temAM kAlaneminuM maraNa, bhAsarathI hArI viSNunuM nAsavuM, InDe bhAsurane te pachI mAro ane tArakane hAthe IndranuM hAravuM vagere kathA che. tArake amaratva mAgyuM hatuM paNa te janmadhArIne azakya hovAthI sAta varSano chokaro mAre evuM varadAna mAgyAthI brahmadeve ApyuM hatuM. devokeda pakaDAyA pachI padmapurANa kahe che ke bIjA devAne rAkhI Indrane mAthuM muMDAvI kutarA gadheDAnAM cihana karI cheDI mUkyo. 11. pirANika kathAkASa, DAhyAbhAI derAsarI. 12 skaMdapurANa, ke. khaMDa, a. 34. staMbhezvara ane kumAranAtha judA lAge che. a. 35mAM staMbhezvara vijayastaMbha upara liMga banAvIne sthApyA. a. 33mAM pratijJA pUrI thaI mATe pratijJezvara sthApyAnuM paNa lakhe che. e pataMgezvara pataMgazInI piLavALA jaNAya che. staMbhezvara bArIA pADA AgaLa che. staMbhezvarane lIdhe staMbhatIrtha-khaMbhAta kahevAyuM. staMbhane mATe a. 35, le. 6-10. taMbha suvarNa hato. skaMdapurANa kedArakhaMDamAM a, 20mAM tArakane namucIne putra kahyo che te bhUla che. a, 28mAM yuddha gaMgAyamunA vacce thayuM ane deve aMtarvedImAM hatA, nAradAdi pAtAlathI AvyA ema kahe che. . pa. 13 enI carcA pariziSTamAM AgaLa karIzuM. asuronAM chuTAM kuTuMba Individual Asura Chiefs hiMdamAM ghANAM hatAM, 14 mahAbhArata, zatryaparva, sArasvatopAkhyAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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27 pirANika samaya ema daMtakathA che. tyAM daityane Teko batAvavAmAM Ave che. kArtikeya dee eTale Aryoe kuMdane senApati banAvI tArakanI sAme lazkara mokalyuM. skaMdanA kula viSe carcA AgaLa karIzuM. kaMdanA senAdhipatipaNAne ane enI eka nAnI umarane artha eTale ja che ke ajJAta kulanA ane Aryatara jAtinA keI bAlakane AgaLa karI yuktithI Aryoe tArakAsurane cha.15 skaMdapurANa, bhRgue nAradane pavitra bhUmi batAvatAM mahIsAgara saMgama upara staMbha nAmanuM tIrtha che te pavitra bhUmi che ema kahI khaMbhAtanA sthaLane bhRgu ane nArada jeTaluM prAcIna mUkavA prayatna kare che. bhRgu ane nAradane nAme purANakAroe evuM ghaNuM prAcIna TharAveluM che. paraMtu khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa tArakAsuranI hakIkatathI prAcIna te kare che ja ane vedakALanA chevaTanA bhAgamAM tArakAsuranuM yuddha thayuM hoya ema mAnI zakAya. khaMbhAta pAzupatenuM eka mukhya sthaLa tArakAsuranI vAta pachI khaMbhAtane parANika ItihAsa ghaNA sakAo sudhI aMdhakAramAM ja che. paraMtu purANanI kathAonuM tAratamya jevA jatAM e bhUmi pAzupata zinuM dhAma thayuM hoya ema jaNAya che, ane e arasAmAM uttaramAMthI vaidika brAhmaNane tyAM lAvI vasAvavAnA prayatno thayA hoya ema lAge che. skaMdapurANa kamArikA khaMDamAM ApelI, Ikima rAjAnI pitAnI kIrti ciraMjIva muni ane prANIo pAse jaI sAMbhaLavAnI IcchA17 ane emAM thaelI nirAzA e ja purANanA nAgara khaMDamAM judI rIte ApelI che. nAgara khaMDamAM idradyumrAdi bhatRyajJa pAse Ave che. 18 e ja bhartayajJa pUrvAvatAramAM yAjJavakya muni hatA ane te pAzupata dIkSA laI bhartayajJa thayA ema kamArikA khaMDa kahe che.19 baMnemAM liMgapUjA ane pAzupata dharmanI mahattA vadhAranAra 15 juo ke. pu. kedArakhaMDa-a. 29, lo. 76 "kumAra swtA mavazva vArtha taH || ema kahI Indra karelAM duSTa karmo ane vajAMga sAthe kareluM kapaTa vagere gaNAve che. nAnA bALakane AgaLa dharI chatavAnI A yuti he caM? 16 ka. . kau. khaMDa, a. 3-kalo. 22 thI 27. saMgAtataMtra mahIsAgarasaMgamaH | saMmorca tatratA tripu lokeSu vizrutam // 17 ka. 5-ko. maMDa, a.7 thI 13. AmAM khaMbhAtanA kSetramAM AvelA Indradhunezvarane mahimA kahetAM laMbANathI A varNana kareluM che Idradyumnezvarane hAla patta nathI. 18 rka pu-nAgara khaMDa, a, 271. AmAM Idradhumrane bhayajJa je camatkApuramAM hato tenI pAse mokale che. e hATakezvara mAhAtmyane lagatuM che. jyAre kau. khaMDa ene mahIsAgara upara mokale che ane Idradyumnezvara mahI nadIne kinAre che ema kahe che. nAgara khaMDa kAMpilyapuranuM nAma paNa lakhe che. vidvAne ene bIje make che. e kAvI kema na hoya ? e ja adhyAyamAM nAgara khaMDamAM Idradyumnazvara mAhAtamya kahetAM kAMpilyapura lo. 36mAM e purane Anarta dezamAM kahyuM che. to pachI tene pharakAbAda jIllAnuM ke dakSiNanuM kema kahevuM? Anarta deza te eka ja che. Iyumnezvarane khaMbhAtamAM kahyA che te vaDanagaramAM kayA ? AthI camatkArapura ane hATakezvarakSetra hAlanA vaDanagara AsapAsa nahi ema jaNAya che. A carcA pAtAla ne bhagavatInA pariziSTamAM karIzuM. 19 sa. pu.-kI. khaMDa, a, 13. AmAM naLIAnuM apamAna yAjJavalkaye karyuM tethI zApathI bhayajJa nAma dhAraNa karI bIjA For Private and Personal Use Only

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28 pirANika samaya bhayajJa nAmanA koI aitihAsika mahApucchanuM varNana che ane ghaNuM vaidika brAhmaNone ziva matanA karavAmAM eNe bhAga lIdho hoya ema jaNAya che.20 nAradane hAthe uttaranA kalA5 grAmanA brAhmaNo mahIsAgara saMgama upara AvI vase che ane mahInagara eka meTuM brAhmaNa saMsthAna bane che. A saMsthAnane saurASTranA dharmavarmA nAmanA rAjAe jamIna ApI ema purANa kahe che. keTalAka vidvAna A vasavATane mULarAja solaMkIe uttaramAMthI audicya brAhmaNo lAvIne vasAvyA tenI sAthe meLave che. paraMtu mahInagaranuM brAhmaNa saMsthAne mULarAja solaMkI karatAM prAcIna jaNAya che. valabhInA zIlAditya pahelAnuM birUda dharmAditya hatuM. e sivAya saurASTramAM dharmAditya ke dharmavarmA nAmano koI rAjA thayuM nathI ane valabhInA tAmrapatramAM nagarakanA brAhmaNone dAna ApyAnuM lakhyuM che te A nAradanuM vasAveluM nagaraka mahAsthAna athavA magara che e AgaLa joI gayA, eTale brAhmaNa saMsthAna valabhInA samayamAM sthapAyuM hoya ema jaNAya che. etareya brAhmaNa ane khaMbhAta tArakAsura ane A brAhmaNa saMsthAnanI vaccenA lAMbA aMdhakAramaya samayanA gALAmAM eka vicitra vAta purANakAra mahIsAgara saMgama sAthe joDe che. ItirAnA putra aitareya brAhmaNa upara viSNu prasanna thAya che e kathA skaMdapurANe laMbANathI ApI che. 23 aitareya brAhmaNanI kathA liMgapurANamAM TuMkANamAM che, paraMtu A banAva mahIsAgara saMgama upara banyo e skaMdapurANanA lakhANanuM tAtparya che. A kathA A sthaLamAM kevI rIte joDe che te spaSTa thatuM nathI. aitareya brAhmaNa e aitareya AraNyaka ane brAhmaNa jenA nAmathI prasiddha che e ja vyakti che ke kema te paNa spaSTa nathI. paNa eka rIte jotAM purANakArane prayatna eka vyakti gaNavAne jaNAya che. kadAca aitareya brAhmaNanuM nAma mahIdAsapa24 hatuM eTale enA jevA paramajJAnI mahApuruSane mahI nadInA nAmasadazyathI e sthaLe lAvavAnuM purANakAre sayuktika dhAryuM hoya. paraMtu je e vAta kharI hoya to mahIsAgaranuM sthaLa aitareya brAhmaNa jeTaluM prAcIna sapramANa siddha thAya, paraMtu e bAbata sabaLa AdhAra maLatA nathI. brAhmaNa mahAsaMsthAna upara kahyuM tevuM brAhmaNa saMsthAna khaMbhAtanA sthaLa upara vasAvavAmAM nArada ane kapila e be avatAramAM mahIsAgara tIrtha upara AvI pAzupata dIkSA lIdhI ema lakhyuM che. le. 68 thI 103mAM vigatavAra saMvAda Apela che. A lakulIzAcAryane mata ema aha 5STa thAya che, 20 se. mAnAMkara emanA nAgarelpattinA lekhamAM A bhayajJane nAgara jJAtinI suvyavarathA prathama karanAra kahyo che. e kSatrapanA samayamAM thayAnuM mAne che. enuM bIjuM nAma prabhAvadatta kahe che. pR. 134 ane 145. R? Bom. Gaz. VI Cambay, P. 214. R2 Bom. Gaz. I. Part 1. P. 90. 23 pu-kau. khaMDa, a. 42. maMDukI nAmanA brAhmaNane ItirAthI thaelo putra. vAsudeva enA upara prasanna thayA. te vRddha vAsudeva kahevAya che tene lIdhe khaMbhAtamAM vaDA vAsudevanI piLa che. emAM e mUrti che. 2x Vedic Index: Macdonell II. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pirANika samaya munioe agra bhAga lIdho hato ema samajAya che.25 "kapila" ane "nAradI" brAhmaNe e bhAgamAM che ema kahevAya che. A nAma e brAhmaNo mULarAje uttaramAMthI brAhmaNe belAvIne vasAvyA te karatAM vadhAre jAnA vakhatamAM AvIne vaselA ema batAvI Ape che. nArada ane kapila e asala RSionAM ja nAma gaNavAM ke e nAmanA bIjA puruSa te kahevuM muzkela che. purANakAra to asala RSio ja kahe che. bhArgava brAhmaNe asala bhRgukulamAMthI UtarelA hoya to A be brAhmaNa kula prAcIna RSio uparathI UtarelAM na hoya ema mAnavAne kAraNa nathI. dharmavarmA rAjA je valabhI kulane mAnIe te e kulanA brAhmaNone eNe vasavA mATe mulaka Ape ema manAya. kalApagrAmathI je brAhmaNe nArada lAvyA te uttaramAMthI AvelA che. A kalApagrAmanA brAhmaNa audicya ToLakiyA hoya ema lAge che. 25 valabhInA samayamAM mahIsAgara saMgama upara e badhA brAhmaNoe pitAnA kulanA sthApake uparathI nAma rAkhI vasavATa karyo ema samajAya che. gupta tIrtha A paurANika samayamAM khaMbhAtanA sthaLa upara AvelA nagaranuM eka vakhata dAMtara thayuM hoya ema lokakathA uparathI samajAya che. e daraMtara valabhInA samayanI lagabhagamAM agara tethI pahelAM thayuM hoya ema lAge che. skaMdapurANa staMbhatIrthane gupta tIrtha kahe che ane brahmadevanI sabhAmAM e tIrtha stabha eTale garva che tethI gupta thaI javAno zApa ene maLe ema kathA che. A kathA ema batAve che ke e tIrthanI prAcIna paraMparA gupta thaI gaI che ane purANu chevaTanA rUpamAM lakhAyuM tyAre tIrthanuM mAhAbhya bahu hatuM nahi. kaliyugamAM amuka tIrtha gupta thaze evA bhaviSyavALA bIjA dAkhalA paNa che. eka daMtakathA uparathI daTatara paheluM thayuM hoya ema samajAya che ane valabhInA samayamAM pharI vaseluM zahera mAtra valabhIpura lUMTanArAoe lUTeluM. zonA jhagaDA AgaLa joyuM tema khabhAtanuM sthaLa prAcIna kALathI brAhmaNa saMsthAna ane pAzupata saMpradAyanA mukhya kendra jevuM hatuM. skaMdapurANane mAhezvara khaMDa enA avAMtara khaMDe sAthe ziva matonuM mAhAmya vadhAravA mATe lakhAele che. enA avaMti ane revAkhaMDa, kamArikAkhaMDa, prabhAsakhaMDa ane nAgarakhaMDa eTalA te mukhyatve karIne ziva manA pracAra mATe ja che. A khaMDe khaMbhAtanA akhAtanI AsapAsanA mulakamAM ziva matanuM jora vyakta kare che. e matonuM sthApana ghaNuM prAcIna hovA chatAM sarvamAnya mata pramANe I. sa. pUrve pahelI sadIthI enI zarUAta kahI zakAya. eTale gujarAtamAM kSatrapa ane valabhInA samayamAM khaMbhAta brAhmaNa saMsthAna ane pAzupatonuM kendra haze ema mAnavAne vAMdho nathI.27 2 ka. 5-ka khaMDa, . 6 kapilanA brAhmaNe kapila brAhANe kahevAya che ane te kevI (khaMbhAtanI sAmI bAju)mAM che. nAradI brAhANe paNa che. 26 kavi zAmaLa bhaTa sihAsana batrIsImAM vikrama rAjAnA vakhatamAM traMbAvaTInuM daTaMtara thayuM ane khaMbhAta varyuM ema lakhe che. padmapurANa sAbhramatI mAhAsyamAM betraNa taLe guma thayAnuM lakhe che. 27 . .-ke, khaMDa, a. 13ma. prabhAsa kSetra, AnanuM hATakezvara kSetra ane khaMbhAta gupta ke kumArikA kSetra ane narmadA For Private and Personal Use Only

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30. pairANika samaya baMdara tarIke khaMbhAtanA ullekho valabhInA aMta pachI jovAmAM Ave che eTale e pahelAMnA sakAomAM bharUca ane prabhAsane vepAra vadhAre prakAzamAM levAthI khaMbhAtano vepAra ocho haze. paraMtu e samayamAM e brAhmaNa saMsthAna hatuM, zonuM bahu jora hatuM ane jaina vagere mata sAthe e samayamAM bahu jhagaDA paNa thatA haze e badhuM purANamAM ApelA jainanA rUpamAM AvelA daityonA varNana uparathI spaSTa thAya che. 28 barbare A rANika samayamAM khaMbhAtanA sthaLamAM barnara jAtinA loko AvyA ane krame karIne emaNe kAThiyAvADamAM jaI bAbarIAvADane mulaka hAtha karI ene potAnuM nAma ApyuM. A jAtinA eka netA barbarikane bhImanA putra ghaTotkacane putra TharAvI khaMbhAtanA sthaLa upara enI pravRttinuM purANakAra varNana kare che. A barikane pAMDavo sAthe saMbaMdha haze ke kema e te kahI zakAtuM nathI. e jAtine prAcInatAnuM rUpa ApavA mATe e prasaMga ye hoya.30 e jAtinA lokanuM eka vakhate gUjarAtamAM ghaNuM jora hatuM ane siddharAjanA vakhatamAM e jAta narama paDI. 1 khaMbhAte koI jJAtine nAma ApyuM nathI purANamAM khaMbhAtanA sthaLane je sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM che ane purANanI hakIkatene hAla je navI daSTithI jovAmAM Ave che, e badhuM sAthe vicAratAM khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa ghaNuM prAcIna che eTaluM te siddha thAya che. e sthaLa eka prAcIna brAhmaNa saMsthAna che eTaluM paNa siddha thAya che. ema chatAM paNa khaMbhAte gujarAtanI eke jJAtine pitAnuM nAma ApyuM nathI e eka vicitra ghaTanA che. gUjarAtanI ghaNIkharI jJAtionAM nAmo prAcIna sthaLa uparathI paDelAM che. keTalIka viziSTa jJAtionAM kinAre pAzupatAcAryanI bhUmi, eTale lagabhaga Akhe gUjarAta pAzupata matanA joravALo haze. 28 raka. pu.ko. khaMDa, a. 13. barbarikanI sAthe yajJavirUddha dalIla kare che.' tatacaturghacA va prApta kALas mutaH muMDI nagno mayUrANAM picchadhArI mhaavrtH|| provAcedaM vacanaM hAhA kaSTamatIva bhoH|| ahiMsA paramo dharmastvagnivA kutaH | dUmine thato vallI lUma nIvavadho mana che vagere. bhale. 34 thI 38. A kSapaNakanA rUpamAM palArI daitya Ave che ema lakhe che juo pArjITara Ancient Indian His. Traditions. P. 68. AmAM jaina ane bane asure kahI devAsura saMgrAma kalpI itihAsane pirANika rUpa ApyuM che. A prarAMga narmadA pAse kahyuM che. 29 ke. pu-kI. khaMDa, a. 60 thI 63. enI carcA AgaLa karIzuM. 30 Enc. of R. & E. Vol. VI. Hinduism: W. Crooke et 2412417Hi fe224 24137 210ml (Kachari Kings of Hiramba)ne I.sa. 1790mAM hiMdu dharmamAM lIdhA ane emanuM peDhInAmuM mahAbhAratanA bhImane lagADAyuM. A hiraMba ke hiDiMba e zuM?ene hiDiMba vana je gUjarAtamAM gaNAya che te sAthe saMbaMdha che? barbarikane paNa bhIma ane hiDibAnA putra ghaTekacano putra kahyo che. ghaTotkaca prAtiSapurathI kanyA lAvyo hato, eTale AsAmathI. te A paraMparA AsAma paNa gaI haze ? ahIM barbarikanI kathA baLI AkAkAnI sAthe joDe che e AgaLa jaizuM. 31 A naMbara jAtinA lokone mukhya puSa hoya. e kAThiyAvADamAM bAbariyA kahevAya che te haze enI carcA paNa AgaLa karIza. siddharAje barbara-bAbaro cho hoi. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pirANika samaya 31 sthaLa jevAM ke moDherA, vaDanagara, zrImALa vagerenAM te cAra yuganA cAra judAM nAma kathAomAM ApelAM che. prabhAtanAM ghaNuM nAma che chatAM te cAra yuganAM cAra judAM ema koI kahetuM nathI. gujarAtanI ghaNuMkharI jJAtionAM nAma uttara gujarAta ane dakSiNa rAjapUtAnAmAM AvelAM sthaLa uparathI paDelAM che. bharUca, semanAtha pATaNa ane khaMbhAta e gujarAtanAM prAcIna baMdara chatAM phakta somanAthanA semapurA brAhmaNa sivAya kAMThAnAM sthaLoe jJAtione nAma ApyAM nathI. A uparathI kaI kaheze ke kAMThAnAM sthaLe uparanAM dezastha sthaLo karatAM jUnAM na hoya. paraMtu ema dhAravAne kAMI kAraNa nathI. gujarAta kAThiyAvADanA aMdaranA bhAga ghaNuM prAcIna kALamAM prasiddha jAtiothI vaselA na hoya ema mAnavAne kAraNa che. paraMtu samudrakinArAnA bhAga prAgaitihAsika samayathI sudharelI jAtiothI vaselA hatA ane pazcimanA dariyApAranA deze sAthe temano saMbaMdha hate. jema jema kinArAnAM sthaLomAM dezI paradezIo vepArane mATe vadhatA gayA tema tema tIrtha mAhA ane brAhmaNa saMsthAne gANa thatAM gayAM. hiMdu saMskRti dhArmika bAbatamAM saMkucita ane zrRMkhalAbadhdha thatI gaI ane enAM kendra uttaramAM thatAM gayAM. sarasvatI nadI je prAcIna moTAmAM meTA RSionuM raheThANa hatI te AkhI ye naSTa thaI eTale enA pravAhano nIcalo bhAga je gujarAtamAM thaIne samudramAM paDate hato tenI uparanAM pavitra sthaLe chinnabhinna thaI lupta thayAM ane keTalAMka bIjA sthaLomAM maLI gayAM. gujarAtane kinAro dhAmika Aryo mATe pAparUpa manAvA mAMDyuM. AvAM aneka kAraNane lIdhe, prAcIna RSio ane vaidika samayanA bIjA aitihAsika puruSo tathA zrIkRSNa jevAthI pAvana thaelA gujarAtanA kinArAe somanAthanA apavAda sivAya eke jJAtine-khAsa karIne brAhmaNa jJAtine nAma ApyuM nathI. uttara gujarAtanAM sthaLoe je nAma ApelAM che te ghaNAM prAcIna kahI zakAya tema nathI. kadAca musalamAnonA AvyA pahelAMnA zaka dUNAdinA vigrahane lIdhe thaelAM jAtionAM bhramaNa pachI e nAme utpanna thayAM hoya. khaMbhAtanuM brAhmaNa saMsthAna hAlanI sthaLa uparathI thaelI jJAtio karatAM vadhAre prAcIna hoya ema samajAya che. e saMsthAna nAza pAmyuM eTale brAhmaNane mana gupta kSetra thaI gayuM. nagarAnA lekhomAM ene nagaraka mahAsthAna kahyuM che e A vAtanI sAkSI pUre che. e mahAsthAna te valabhInA lekhavALuM nagaraka ema kabUla karIe te valabhInA nAza pachI khaMbhAtane pirANika itihAsa baMdha thAya che ema mAnI zakAya. For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMcamuM madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya gujarAtanuM baMdara valabhIne samaya va labhInA samayamAM khaMbhAtanuM nAma AvatuM nathI, paNa e sthaLe nagaraka mahAsthAna hatuM e - joI gayA. khaMbhAtanI pUrve Avela bhAga valabhIne tAbe hato. eTale e samayamAM khaMbhAtanI bhUmi upara valabhIpuranA rAjAonI sattA hatI. valabhInA samayathI khaMbhAtano itihAsa parANika aMdhakAramAMthI nIkaLe che ane madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya zarU thAya che. valabhI rAjyanA nAza pachI solaMkI rAjya AvatAM sudhI gujarAtamAM eka moTI sattA rahetI nathI. TheraThera nAnAM rAjyamAM deza vaheMcAI gayela hatA. e gALAmAM gujarAtanA ItihAsamAM gujarAtanA rAjA gaNAtA cAvaDAenI sattA phakta uttara gujarAtamAM ja hatI. dasamI sadImAM Araba musApharenuM varNana e arasAmAM khaMbhAtanA nAmane pahelo aitihAsika ullekha najare paDe che. dasamI sadInI zarUAtamAM Araba musApharo khaMbhAtane sArA baMdara tarIke varNave che. eTale te agAu e baMdarane AbAda thatAM ghaNe vakhata lAgyo haze e nirvivAda che. Araba musAphare kahe che ke e vakhate khaMbhAta upara mAnakIranA balahAra rAjAone amala hatA ane rAjA taraphathI eka brAhmaNa vahIvaTa karate. yukreTIsa, tIgrIsa ane nAila karatAM paNa pahoLA akhAta upara Aghe khaMbhAta vaseluM hatuM. e akhAtamAM bharatInuM jora eTaluM hatuM ke oTa vakhate jamIna dekhAtI, ane paDelI naheramAM paNa pANI ochuM rahetuM. akhAtane baMne kinAre lIlAM khetaro, bagIcA, zahera, gAmaDAM, tADa vagerenAM jhADa vagerethI badhuM bhareluM dekhAtuM, ane mora popaTa vagere pakSIo enI ramaNIyatAmAM umere karatAM. khaMbhAtanA joDA vakhaNatA; ane amaladAro musalamAno tathA bIjA paradezIo sAthe sArI rIte vartatA.4 1 valabhIne tAbe hAlanA kheDA jIllAno bhAga haze ema jaNAya che. bharUcamAM e vakhate gUrjara rAjya hatuM ane uttara gujarAta tathA kAThiyAvADane keTaleka bhAga bIjAne tAbe hatuM. A uparathI khaMbhAtane mulaka valabhImAM hatuM e cekasa thaI zake. jIe eNmbe gejhe. 1- bhAga 1-pR. 82. 2 cAvaDAonuM rAjya vahIAranI bahAra bhAgye ja vadhyuM che. emanuM gRjarAtanA rAjA tarIkenuM mahatva pATaNa vasAvyuM tethI vadhyuM. pATaNanA rAjA tarIke selaMkIo ja gUjarAtanA kharA rAjAo hatA. 3 ala mAsudI beMmbe gejhe. 1-bhA.1-pR. 514. e musAphara khaMbhAta hI.sa. 303, I.sa. 913-14mAM Avelo. 4 e ja. pR. 514. juo ala IratakharInuM varNana. Illiot . P. 27 k 30. emAM kAmahAlathI khaMbhAta cAra divasane karo kahe che ane khaMbhAtathI surAbArA (pArA ?) cAra divasane rasto kahe che. gejheTIarane lekhaka kAmahAlane aNahillavADa For Private and Personal Use Only

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madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya 33 Araba musApharo A balahAra rAjAone hiMdanA sauthI moTA rAjAe kahetA. e vallabha biruda vALA mAlyakheTanA rASTrakUTa rAjAo hatA. emanI eka zAkhA gUjarAtamAM sattA jamAvI lATa deza ane tenI uparanA thaDA bhAga sudhIne mulaka tAbe karI beThI hatI. khaMbhAta enA rAjyanI uttara di upara gaNAtuM. A madhyakAlIna hiMdu samayane itihAsa eTale mukhyatve karIne khaMbhAtanI aMdara ane vepArI pravRttine itihAsa kahI zakAya. selaMkIone samaya I.sa. 94rathI aNahilavADanuM nAnuM rAjya cAvaDAone hAthamAMthI jAya che ane solaMkInI sattA jAme che. solaMkInI sattAmAM pATaNanI sAthesAthe khaMbhAtanI paNa caDhatI thAya che. e arasAmAM khaMbhAta hiMdustAnanAM saithI meTAM baMdaromAM gaNAtuM. alathI e ziva tIrtha te hatuM ja. valabhI ane rASTrakUTanA samayamAM tyAM dhenuM jora hoya ema paNa tyAMthI nIkaLelI buddhadevanI mUrti ane bIjA ArabonA ullekhothI spaSTa thAya che. A be dharmonI jamAvaTa ane vepAranuM kendra ethI kahe che, paNa ema mAnavAne AdhAra nathI. Ibda haikala paNa kAma hAla lakhe che paNa te 16 mAIla dUra lakhe che te bhUla jaNAya che. kAmahAla siMdhamAM koI sthaLa hoya ema samajAya che, paNa te kayuM te nakkI thatuM nathI. 2 rAjane sara henarI IlITa vagere jAnA lekhake valabhInA rAjAo mAne che ane mAnakIrane mAlakheTa nahi paNa TelemInuM mInagara (mInanagara)mAne che. A kharuM nathI. badhAM varNana mAnakIra dakSiNa haidarAbAdanA mulakamAM AveluM mAlakheTa nagara che ema siddha kare che. e nagaramAM rASTrakUTa rAjAo eka samaye ghaNA baLavAna hatA. emane "vallabha' agara zrI valbha evuM biruda hatuM. zArva ameghavarSa khAsa zrI vallabha kahevAtuM hatuM. mAlakheTanA rAjA prava pahelAe (Isa. 795) geviMda trIjAne gUjarAta svataMtra rAjA banAvyo. joke rASTrakUTanI mULa gAdInI ANa badhe hatI. gevida trIjAnuM zAsanapatra khaMbhAtanI sAmI bAjue kAvImAM maLeluM che. A rAjAnI sAme staMbha vagere rAjAo thaelA. eNe lATa deza pitAne kabaje karelo. A rASTrakUTa eTalA mATe lATezvara kahevAtA. AmAM kahelo staMbha rAjA ko te jaNAtuM nathI. gejheTIasnA lekhaka enA nAmane staMbhatIrtha khaMbhAta sAthe joDe che ane khaMbhAta nAma paDavAmAM e rAjA kAraNabhUta hoya ema anumAna kare che. paraMtu e vAtane bIje kaI AdhAra nathI. kadAca staMbhatIrtha valabhInA nAza pachI I svataMtra nAnakaDA ThAkaranA hAthamAM AvyuM hoya ane taMbhatIrthane rAjA mATe staMbha nAma ene apAyuM hoya, agara staMbha e svataMtra nAma hoya. Avo dAkhalo bIje che. AzA bhIla uparathI AzAvala nAma nathI paDavuM, paNa AzApallInA bhIla rAjA AzA bhIla kahevAtA. ethI ja karNadeva ane ahamadazAha vacce traNa sadIothI vadhAre aMtara chatAM baMne vakhate AzAbhIlanAM nAma Ave che. rASTranI gajarAtanI zAkhAnA tAbAmAM khaMbhAta hatuM eTale Ara mULa gAdInA mAlakheTanA vallabhe-belaDArene tAbe hatuM ema lakhe che. gUjarAtanA rASTrakUTa mATe juo bombe gejha. 1-bhA.1-pR. 123. 6 ala Irata kharI. IlIaTa 127. vadhArAmAM juo Ina hekala. Illiot I. 989-9, kAmahAla agara jAmahAlane hiMdanI sarahada upara eTale sidha ane gujarAtanI hada upara kahe che. khaMbhAta ane kAmahAla vacce paNa kahe che eTale aNahikUvADa sAthe barobara baMdha na bese. khaMbhAtanuM raNa gaNIe topaNa pATaNathI khaMbhAta AvavAto e rato nahoto. eTale kAmahAla siMdhamAM ke kacchamAM hoya, e varNanamAM khaMbhAtathI saimura (cevala baMdara) sudhI bahAranA kinArAne mulaka che ane gAmathI bharacaka che. A varNana uparathI e vakhate sidhanA kinArA ane muMbaI-cevala sudhImAM vacce khaMbhAta bahu mahatvanuM nitya. 7 buddhadevanI mUrtinuM varNana AgaLa Avaze. khaMbhAtamAM bauddha hatA te mATenA Araba ullekha mATe juo aiAe gejha. 1, bhA.1-pR. 531 For Private and Personal Use Only

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34 madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya AkarSAI jaina vANiyA jevI janmasiddha vepArI kema tyAM AvI vase emAM navAI nathI. cAlunA samayamAM jana dharmane sArAmAM sAruM uttejana maLyuM, eTale jaina vepArI keme e samayamAM khaMbhAtane bahu samRddha banAvyuM. moTA moTA jaina prAsAdo tyAM baMdhAyA. mahAna jainAcArya kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrasUrie dIkSA khaMbhAtamAM lIdhI ane khaMbhAtanI bahAra AvelA revatAvatAra nemInAthanA maMdiramAM emane sarasvatI prasanna thaI. selaMkIonI sattAnA moTA bhAgamAM mahI sudhIno taLa gujarAtane bhAga pATaNanI sattA nIce hatA. lATamAM pATaNanA rAjAonA sAmate miDaLezvara tarIke amala karatA.10 eTale e baMnenI sarahada upara AveluM ane dariyAkinArA tathA samudranA vepAra upara sattAvALuM khaMbhAta baMdara pATaNanA rAjAonA eka mukhya adhikArI ke daMDanAyakanuM mukhya sthAna gaNAtuM; ane khaMbhAtanA adhikArInA hAthamAM anargaLa dhana uparAMta lATa ane saurASTranAM lazkarI nAkAMonI kharekharI cAvI rahetI. rASTramAM javAne khara raste peTalAda pAse thaIne jato ane khaMbhAtanI hada upara AveluM bAhuleda-bheLAda-kAThIAvADanuM nAkuM hatuM. A badhAnA sAnnidhyathI khaMbhAtanuM rAjakIya mahattva e samayanA gujarAtamAM ghaNuM ja hatuM. vadhArAmAM gujarAtanA rAjAonuM aukAsainya khaMbhAta ane ghoghAmAM rahetuM. kAThIAvADane kinAre seminAthanI pazcima hada sudhI gUjarAtane tAbe hovA chatAM aMdarano bhAga pATaNanI sattAne pUrepUro name nahote,12 eTale gUjarAtanA naukAsainyanuM mukhya thANe dIva ke prabhAsa thaI zake tema hatuM nahi; khabhAta ja ene mATe yogya hatuM.13 pArasIe ane hiMduenuM musalamAne sAme hukalaDa vepArane lIdhe khaMbhAtamAM aneka dezanA ane aneka dharmonA leka vasatA hatA. siddharAja jayasiMhanA samayamAM tyAM eka dhArmika hullaDa thayuM. keTalAka musalamAne tyAM masjida bAMdhIne rahetA hatA. pArasIo paNa tyAM sArI saMkhyAmAM hatA. A be komane kaI kAraNathI jhagaDe thayo. pArasIoe hiMduone caDhAvyA ane musalamAna sAthe laTAI thaI. emAM zI musalamAne mAryA gayA, 8 prabhAvaka caritra-hemacaMdra prabaMdha. 9 e ja. 10 pATaNanA rAjyanA daMDanAyaka ane maMDaLezvara kumArapALanA amala sudhI vaza rahyA. pATaNanI sattA nabaLI paDatAM lATane maMDaLezvara ravataMtra thavA mathato. vastupALanA amalamAM enuM varNana karIzuM. 11 kAThiyAvADamAM javAne vaDhavANa-varamagAmavALo rasto pahelAM bahu vaparAte nahi. cheka musalamAna samayanA aMta sudhI piTalAda kAThiyAvADanuM nAkuM gaNAtuM. somanAthanI yAtrAe jatA le upara muDakA vere bAhoda-hAlanuM bhoLAda-AgaLa levAto. e gAma hAla sAbaramatI khaMbhAtanI sarahada pAse dariyAne maLe che tyAMthI thoDA mAIla cheTe che. tyAM dANane Are Aje paNa batAvavAmAM Ave che. 12 solaMkIthI mahammada begaDAnA samaya sudhI kAThiyAvADa pUrepUro gujarAtanA rAjAonI sattA nIce Avyo nathI. jAnAgaDhanA rAja chatAyA chatAM ravataMtra thaI jatA. paraMtu kinAre hamezAM gujarAtanA rAjAne tAbe rahyo che. e mATe karnala oNTasanane InDiyana enTIkarImAM kAThiyAvADanA kinArAne lagatA lekha juo. 13 A bAbata AgaLa carcIzuM. vastupALa naukAsainya khaMbhAtamAM rahI vAparyAnI vAta paNa AgaLa Avaze. For Private and Personal Use Only

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madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya 35 masjidane nukasAna thayuM ane ene minAre tUTI gayo. khatIbaalI nAmane eka mANasa A samAcAra kahevA pATaNa gaye, paNa amaladAree kAMI dAda ApI nahi. eka vakhata rAjA bahAra ja hatA tyAre jhADa pAchaLa bharAI rahI khetIlaalIe rAjAne hAthI je ane bahAra AvI vinaMti karI pharIAda karI tathA hiMdI bhASAmAM kavitAmAM (gUjarAtI?) eka arajI ApI. rAjAe khatIbaalIne zaheramAM rahevA baMdobasta karyo, ane pote traNa divasa janAnAmAMthI bahAra nahi Ave mATe maMtrIe vahIvaTa kare ema kahI sAMDhaNI para besI eka rAta ane eka divasamAM khaMbhAta pahoMcyuM ane vepArIne paheraveza paherI zaheramAM paDe. tyAM tapAsa karatAM ene khatIbaalInuM kahevuM sAruM lAgyuM, eTale nizAnI khAtara dariyAnA pANIne ghaDe bharI pATaNa Avyo ane darabAra bharI nyAya ApavA beThe. khatIbaalIe darabAramAM pharIAda karI ane amaladAroe bacAva karyo. rAjAe pitAnI jAte khAtrI karI khatIbaalInI pharIAda kharI che ema kahyuM ane khaMbhAta jaI AvyAnI nizAnImAM dariyAnuM pANI batAvyuM. e pachI eNe musalamAnone masjida pharI bAMdhavA mATe paisA ApyA ane bIjI kemanA babbe AgevAnone bolAvI sajA karI. dharmanA kAraNa mATe prajAmAM lAI na thAya ane prajA sukhazAMtimAM rahe e jovAnI rAjAnI pharaja che ema siddharAje jAhera karyuM. e masjida ane minAro mALavAnA rAjAnI caDhAI vakhate pAchAM nAza pAmyAM te sayada zarapha tamane pharI baMdhAvyAM.14 kumArapALa ane hemacaMdrasUri khaMbhAtamAM udayanamaMtrI khaMbhAtane adhikArI siddharAjanA vakhatamAM pAchalA bhAgamAM khaMbhAtamAM udayana maMtrI adhikAra upara hato. kumArapALane pakaDavA jyAre sihArAjanuM sainya pharatuM hatuM tyAre nAsata nAsate e khaMbhAtamAM AvI hemacaMdrAcAryane zaraNe gaye ane sUrie e rAjA thaze evuM bhaviSya kahyuM. hemacaMdrasUri te vakhate khaMbhAtamAM sAgala vasarikAmAM rahetA hatA. siddharAjanuM sainya AvyuM tyAre sUrie kumArapALane bhecarAmAM saMtADI upara hastalikhita graMtha bharI bacAvyo hato. sUrinA kahevAthI udayana maMtrIe paNa kumArapALane Azraya Ape. khaMbhAtathI madhya rAtrIe nIkaLI kumArapALa vaTapadrapura-vaDedare gayA. A banAvanA saMbhAraNA tarIke kumArapALe rAjA thayA pachI sAgala vasahikAne jIrNoddhAra karyo. 16 agIAramI sadInA Araba musApha agIAramI sadInA Araba musAphamAM alabanInuM nAma khAsa cokkasa lekhaka tarIke gaNI zakAya. e khaMbhAtane kAMThA uparanA eka mukhya zahera tarIke gaNe che.17 ala IIisI (I.sa.1100) 14 jAmI ula hikAyata-muhammada u;-Illiot II. 162;-mahamada udde zamsaddIna ahatazanA vakhatamAM thaI gayuM. e jAte khaMbhAta gaye hato tyAre A vAta teNe sAMbhaLelI. e lekhake siddharAjanAM moTA rAjA tarIke ane nyAyI tarIke ghaNAM vakhANa karelAM che. tUTelI masjida pharI bAMdhavA mATe eka lAkha bAtrA ApyA ema lakhe che. e kayA sikkA te samajAtuM nathI. sara hetrI IlIara bAlA' kahe che te samajAya tevuM nathI. 15 e gejha. 1-bhA. 1-pR. 183. 16 e ja. pR. 190. 99 Sachan's Al Baruni. I. 208. For Private and Personal Use Only

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madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya khaMbhAtane gujarAtanuM sAruM zahera kahe che ane naukAsanyanuM jANItuM thANuM hatuM ema varNana kare che. enA samayamAM khaMbhAta dariyAthI traNa mAIla dUra hatuM, havApANa sArAM hatAM ane killo sArI rIte bAMdhelo hato ane tethI cAMcIthI rakSaNa thatuM.18 khaMbhAtanA adhikArI kIza (makarANu)ne dvIpa pAsethI khaMDaNI letA.18 khaMbhAtamAM ghauM ane cokhA sArA thatA ane enA vatanI mUrti pUjaka hatA.20 vastupAla khaMbhAtane daMDanAyaka I.sa. 1241mAM bhImadeva bIjAnA rAjya vakhate lavaNaprasAda ane enA putra viradhavalanA maMtrI tarIke vastupAla ane tejapAla-jemanAM nAma gUjarAtanA itihAsamAM jANItAM che temanI nImaNuka khaMbhAta baMdaranA adhikArI tarIke thaI A amala khaMbhAtanI kharekharI jAhojalAlIne hate bhImadeva bIjAnA samayamAM pATaNanI rAjyasattA nabaLI paDavAthI maMDalezvaro svataMtra thayA hatA.22 e vakhate lavaNaprasAda ane viradhavalane pATaNanI gAdIne kharekhara Teke hato. lATanA svataMtra thaelA maMDalezvare khaMbhAta laI lIdheluM te viradhavale pAchuM lIdhuM ane vastupAlane tyAMne adhikArI nImI lokanI prIti saMpAdana karI. khaMbhAtanI prajAe vastupAlane ghaNuM mAna ApyuM ane pitAnI jagyA saMbhALI levA e khaMbhAta zaheramAM peThe tyAre lokomAM utsava jevuM thaI rahyuM. e vakhate khaMbhAta hiMdustAnamAM eka moTuM baMdara gaNAtuM ane kapAtaranAM vahANo tyAM AvatAM. vastupAle khaMbhAtanI samRddhi vadhAravA ghaNI cIvaTa rAkhI. eNe dareka dharma pALatA vepArIone koI jAtanA bhedabhAva vagara rakSaNa ApyuM. dareka komane mANasa maMtrIne potAnA dharmane ane komana mAnate evI rIte eNe prAraMjana karyuM hatuM. 24 jaina dharma te ene kuladharma hato, paraMtu eNe hiMdu dharmanAM 16 Illiot I. 84-85. 19 e ja. pR. 67. Rashiud-din from Al Baruni, A uparathI ema samajAya che ke makarANanA cAMciyA khaMbhAta sudhI AvatA, ane khaMbhAtanuM naukAsainya makarANa sudhI jaI khaMDaNI vasula karatuM.. 20 liot I. 85. sara hetrI IlIaTa mUrtipUjaka eTale baiddha e artha kare che. ala IdrIsInA vakhatamAM khaMbhAta bahAra (mArAkheTa)nA hAthamAM rahevuM ema e 25STa lakhe che. 21 e gejhe. 6. Cambay pR. 215. 22 o aie gejhe, 1-bhA. 1-pR.196. vadhumAM mezvaradevanI kItikaumudI ane bAlacaMdrasUrikata vasaMtavilAsanI prastAvanA, 23 vasaMtavilAsa; gAyakavADa orIenTala sIrIjha, pR. 5. 24 vasaMtavilAsa, sarga 4che. vasaMtavilAsa kAvya varatupAlanuM samakAlIna che, eTale emAM lakhelI vAte vizvasanIya kahI zakAya. vasaMtavilAsa, hammIramadamardananATaka, vastupAlacaritra ane rAse, kIrtikaumudI Adi graMtho vastupAla vize lakhe che. temAM vastupAlacaritra ane rAsA sivAya bIjA samakAlIna che. vastupAlanAM hadapAranAM vakhANa bAjue rAkhatAM e graM jyAM ekamata thAya tyAM aitihAsika satya raheluM che. khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa vastupAle sArI rIte karelo hovAthI darekamAM e vize vistRta varNana che. prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi vagere pAchaLanA graMtha karatAM uparanA graMtha vastupAla tejapAla mATe vadhAre kAmanA che. beMe gejhaTIaranA lekhaka emAMthI ekalI kIrtikAmudIne ja AdhAra le che. jyAre vasatavilAsa keTalIka bAbatomAM vadhAre cokkasa che. keTalAka zloka yaMkavA jevA che--tavya jAmA muf mUvimUSaNam ! tamatIrthamiticAta mArtaDa purepura | 44 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya 37 sthAna pAchaLa paiso kharcAnA dAkhalA paNa che. pahelAnA adhikArIoe karelI avyavasthA teNe dUra karI.26 zAkha rAjAnI khaMbhAta upara caDhAI khaMbhAtanA itihAsane Avo suvarNa samaya paNa cheka harakata vagarane na gaye. lATAdhipatine pATaNanI sattA nIce pAchuM gayeluM khaMbhAta sAlatuM hatuM. e pAchuM jItI levA bharUcane rAjA saMgrAmasiMha athavA zaMkha prayatna karI rahyA hatA. e ja vakhate khaMbhAtanA eka sAdIka nAmanA vepArIne koI kAraNathI vastupAla sAthe aNabanAva hatA. e vepArI koI adhikArIne mAna Apate nahi ane vastupAlanuM paNa eNe apamAna karyuM hatuM tethI vastupAle ene sI karavAno nizcaya karyo. sAdIkane zaMkha rAjA sAthe maitrI hatI, eTale zekhane khaMbhAta upara caDI AvavAmAM be kArya thatAM hatAM. 28 je vakhate rANe viradhavala dakSiNanA siMhaNa rAjA sAthe yuddhamAM rokAyA hatA te vakhate nAnAdvIpAntarAyAta sAMyAtrikavinirmitaiH / bhANDakUTaryadAkirNa krIDAzailerivazriyaH // x x x zrI vIradhavalasyovI dhavaca nirAtaH | tapura vastupAtu zira mapAyata | A kAvya vastupAlanA maraNa pachI thoDA ja vakhatamAM lakhAeluM che. 25 vastupAle jamAdityanuM maMdira (sUrya) samarAvyuM tene lekha hAla khaMbhAtamAM che. vadhu mATe AcArya vaddabhajIkRta kIrti. kaumudInI prastAvanA, pR. 30-31. 26 vasaMtavilAsa, prastAvanA sI.DI. dalAle lakhelI, pR. 6. 27 pAMkhanI khaMbhAta uparanI caDhAInuM varNana kItikaumudI sarga 5, vasaMtavilAsa sarga pa, hammIramadamana nATaka, vastupAla caritra prastAva 4mAM vistArathI che. rAkha rAjA bharUcane hatuM ema AgaLanA traNa graMtha kahe che. vastupAlacaritra tene vaya baMdarane kahe che je kharUM nathI. AcArya vallabhajI potAnI kIrtikAmudInA bhASAMtaramAM ene bhAvanagara pAsenA vaDavAno rAjA kahe che. AgaLanA samakAlIna gratho sivAyanA bIjA graMtha khaMbhAtanA sadIka ke sAdIkanI sAthe vastupAlane kajIe thayo ane bharUcanA zakha rAjAne eNe bolAvyo ema kahe che. khinA bApanuM nAma siMdhurAja che tethI keTalAka kahe che tema tene sidha sAthe saMbaMdha nathI; temaja bhAvanagaranA vaDavA sAthe paNa saMbaMdha nathI. vasaMtavilAsa Adi bharUcane ja rAjA kahe che te kharUM che. sAdIkanI vAta vasaMtavilAsa ke hammIramadamardanamAM nathI. e samakAlIna grathimAM na hovAthI sAdIkanI vAta kharI mAnavI ke nahi te zaMkA che. paNa bIjA graMtho e vAta sAthe zakhanI vAtane meLave che eTale sAdIka eka sAmAnya vepArI ane zakha rAja, eTale samakAlIna lekhakee sAdI kane mahatva na ApatAM zaMkhanI ja vAta lakhI hoya ema saMbhave che ane vaDavAne rAjA eTale bhAvanagarane nahi paNa vaDava eTale vaTakupa eTale baMdarane vAvaTo dhAraNa karate DakkAne bhAga. sAdIkanI lAgavaga baMdara upara bahu haze ema e uparathI samajAya che ane khaMbhAta pAse vaDavAnI vAva che te A vaDa ke vaya baMdara che. e jagyAe prAcIna khaMbhAtane Daka have joIe. zekhane mATe hammIramahamardanamAM zrI sI.DI. dalAlanI prastAvanA pR. 15 juo. navAI e lAge che ke zrI dalAla paNa prabaMdhaka ane vastupAla caritramAM sAdIka ane zaMkhanI bAbatamAM vaDavAnuM nAma che tene bhAvanagara vaDe kahe che! ane tene mATe AdhAra nathI. tejapAlane putra lAvayasiMha vi. saM. 1296mAM bharUcane daMDanAyaka hatuM, eTale zakhanuM yuddha te pahelAM thayuM levuM joIe ane te pachI bharUca tejapAlanA putranA hAthamAM AveluM haze. 28 upara jaNAvyA mujaba rakha ane sAdIkanI bAbatamAM upara jaNAvelA prAimAM virodha hovAthI kAI sAdIkanI vAta khoTI gaNe che ane keTalAka be zakha agara rakha ane sAdIkane saMbaMdha nahi ema mata Ape che. badhuM sarakhAvatAM uparane mata lakhe che, ane sAdIka vepArI hovAthI samakAlIna graMthakAroe enuM nAma na lakhyuM e anumAna ThIka lAge che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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38 madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya bhAravADa taraphathI paNa caDhAI AvyAnuM sAMbhaLI takano lAbha laI zaMkha khaMbhAta upara caDha29 ane vastupAlane saMdezo kahAvyo ke jo e khaMbhAtane kabajo soMpI deze te viradhavale to ene sAmAnya maMtrIpada ApyuM che, paNa zaMkha to Akho mulaka Apaze, ane khaMbhAtano subo vastupAlane banAvaze. eNe vadhArAmAM kahAvyuM ke je laDhavuM ja hoya te pahelethI nAsI jA, kAraNa ke kSatrI AgaLa vANiye nAsI jAya emAM jarA paNa zarama nathI.30 vastupAle A saMdezAne ghaTate uttara vA. eNe vANiyAe laDhAImAM kSatrI rAjAne mAryAno dAkhalo ApI kahyuM ke huM paNa yuddhanA vepAramAM kuzaLa vANiyo chuM. huM zatrunAM mAthAM rUpI mAla talavAra rUpI trAjavAMthI taLI lauM chuM ane zatruone svargarUpI kiMmata ApuM chuM. A javAbathI bane vacce khaMbhAtanI najIkamAM ladAI thaIemAM pariNAme vastupAlana vijaya thayo. sAdIka vepArIne paNa vastupAle harAvyo ane khaMbhAtabaMdaranAra e baLavAna vepArIne mada utarI gayo. ema kahevAya che ke dilhInA majadIna sulatAnanI mAM khaMbhAta thaIne make haja karavA jatI hatI tyAre vastupAle yukti karI enuM vahANa cAMciyA pAse lUMTAvyuM. jyAre e phariyAda vastupAla pAse AvI tyAre eNe kAMI jANato na hoya ema amaladArane dhamakAvI badhI mAlamatA pAchI apAvI, ane sulatAnanI mAne sare AdarasatkAra karI makakethI pAchAM AvatAM potAnI mahemAnagIrI kabUla rAkhavA vinaMti karI. sulatAnanI mA pAchAM vaLatAM khaMbhAta utaryA ane vastupAle evI uttama mahemAnagIrI karI ke sulatAnanI mA AgrahapUrvaka ene dilhI laI gaI ane badhI vAta sulatAnane jAhera karI vastupAlane moTuM mAna apAvyuM. A takane lAbha laI vastupAle dilhInA sulatAna sAthe gujarAtanA rAjAne lAbhadAyaka salAha karAvI.33 gujarAtanA naikAsanuM mukhya thANuM khaMbhAtanA vahIvaTadAromAM vastupAlanuM nAma agrasthAne Ave che. enA vakhatamAM khaMbhAtanI samRddhi saMpUrNa kalAmAM hatI. suratanI caDhatI thatAM pahelAM makkAnuM e dvAra hatuM. akhAtane mathALAne bhAga purAvAnI zarUAta te vakhate thaI hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI; eTale cAlukya samayamAM, vAghelA samayamAM ane e pachIne musalamAna amalanAM basse varasamAM khaMbhAta hiMdustAnamAM sarvathI 29 vasaMtavilAsa . 30 A varNana rasika rIte vartAvalAsa sarga pamAmAM ApyuM che. 31 vasaMtavilAsa sarga 5. 32 dareka graMthamAM zekha maraNa pAmyo ema lakhyuM che, paNa sAdIka mATe tenI samRddhi vastupAlanA hAthamAM AvI ema vana lanuM siMhaNa sAthenuM yuddha vi.saM 1288mAM thayuM ema lakhapaddhati nAmanA lekho kema lakhavA e bAbatanA graMthamAM e sulehanA lekhanA udAharaNa uparathI jaNAya che. te pachI rakha bharUcathI khaMbhAta upara caDho ane 1296mAM bharUca vastupAlanA putranA hAtha nIce hatuM, eTale 1288 ane 1296nI vacce zaMkhe khaMbhAta upara caDAI karI. 33 catuviMzati prabaMdha. A vAta vajanadAra nathI. sulatAna kutubuddInanA vakhatanI vAta haze. vastupAle salAha karavA yatna karyo haze. mejadIna te zAhabudIna ghorInuM nAma che muijhudIna. For Private and Personal Use Only

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madhyakAlIna hiMdu samaya 39 zreSTha baMdara gaNAtuM hatuM. hammIramadamardanamAM eka vAta evI Ave che ke radI ane kAdI nAmanA mANase bagadAdanA khalIpha pAsethI vajadIna nAmanA mANasanI saradArI nIce vahANa laI Ave che. A samAcAra sAMbhaLI vastupAla gUjarAtanuM naukAsainya enI sAme mokale che ane e sainya vajadIna vagerene keda karI khabhAta laI Ave che. gujarAtane eka guptacara bagadAda jaI AvyAnI vAta paNa Ave che. A vAta eTaluM khAsa sUcana kare che ke khaMbhAta gujarAtanA mahArAjyanuM mukhya nakAsabhyanuM thANuM hatuM ane vastupAla tejapAlanA vahIvaTa daramyAna dariyApAranA paradeze sAthe pATaNanA rAjyataMtrane saMbaMdha hatuM ane enuM mukhya kendra khaMbhAta hatuM. 34 A hiMdu samayanA aMtamAM musAphara mArko polo khaMbhAtane hiMdustAnanI pazcimanuM moTuM rAjaya kahe che. gUjarAta ane khaMbhAtanAM rAjya judAM lakhe che. khaMbhAtanA moTA vepAranuM varNana kare che." A arasAmAM gujarAtane "khaMbhAtanuM rAjya' e nAma maLyuM hoya ema jaNAya che. ane e nAma paradezIomAM ghaNI sadIo sudhI cAlu rahe che. mArko polone samakAlIna merIne senaTe lakhe che ke hiMdanAM be moTA baMdaromAMnuM eka khaMbhAta hatuM 34 hammIramadamardanaH jayasiMhari-aMka 4 ane 5. 35 Travels of Marco Polo: Marsden's Translation. P. 307-8 mA pile khaMbhAta ane gRjarAtanAM rAjya adAM gaNe che enA varNana uparathI e kAThiyAvADanA dvIpakalpane gUjarAta kahetA jaNAya che. siddharAja ane kumArapAlanA samayamAM kAMIka vaza thaele kAThiyAvADa A vakhate eTale vAghelAnI sattA vakhate pATaNathI svataMtra thaeluM, eTale paradezI musAphara ene juduM rAjya mAne. khaMbhAta ane gujarAtanA rAjyanI bhASAmAM paNa kAMIka phera hoya ema enA lakhANa uparathI samajAya che. kadAca kAThiyAvADanA hAlAra ane kaccha bAjunA lokanA saMsargamAM e Avyo haze. gujarAtanA cAMciyA jabarA hatA ema e kahe che e uparathI kaccha-kAThiyAvADa havAnuM siddha thAya che. khaMbhAtanA rAjyanA cAMciyAno ullekha nathI. 3 Yules Marco Polo. II. 332. quoted in 'Cambay'. Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 216. N. 2. For Private and Personal Use Only

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wurden una prakaraNa chaThuM musalamAna samaya hiMdustAnanuM mahAna baMdara- caDhatI ane paDatI musalamAna sattAnI zarUAta ( sa. 1297thI gujarAtamAM hiMdu sattAne aMta Ave che. dilhInA sulatAna alAuddInane O, senApati ulughakhAna gUjarAta sara karI le che ane pATaNane chello hiMdu rAjA dakSiNamAM nAsI jAya che. aNahilavADa pATaNa laIne ulughakhAna khaMbhAta Ave che. e vakhatathI cAra ne trIsa varasano musalamAna bAdazAhano samaya zarU thAya che. A lAMbA samayanA khaMbhAtanA ItihAsanA traNa mukhya bhAga pADe che. pahelo dilhInA sulatAnanA subAone amala; pachI amadAvAdanA svataMtra bAdazAhone samaya; ane chello mogala sAmrAjyane samaya. khaMbhAtanuM svataMtra saMsthAna thatAM pahelAM musalamAna samayanA A pramANe traNa bhAga paDelA che. emAM pahelo bhAga samRddhine paNa zAMti vagarano, bIjo samRddhi, zAMti ane jAhojalAlIne ane trIjo surata baMdaranI caDhatIne lIdhe khaMbhAtanI paDatIne. dilhInA sulatAnanA subAone samaya, ulughakhAnanI caDhAI sulatAna alAuddInanA senApati ulughakhAne khaMbhAta tAbe karIne tyAM vahIvaTadAra nImyo, ane tyAMthI somanAthanA maMdirano nAza karavA gayo. enI sAthe AvelA nasaratakhAne khaMbhAtanA vepArIo ke je e vakhate ghaNA dhanavAna hatA temanI pAsethI javAhara ane bIjI kiMmatI vastuo daMDa tarIke lIdhI. pAchaLathI sulatAna alAuddInanA mAnItA thaI paDanAra malIka kApura hajAra dInArIne bheTe nasaratakhAnane khaMbhAtamAM thayo. e ghaNo svarUpavAna hatA ane alAuddIne ene malIka nAyaba banAvyo. A pachI i.sa. 1325 sudhI muhammada taghalakanI bAdazAhI sudhI koI khAsa banAva banela nathI. muhammada taghalakanA vakhatamAM gujarAtamAM baLavo thayo. emAM hiMdu ane musalamAna amIra tathA jamInadAroe bhAga lIdhe. A baLa zamAvavA bAdazAha te i.sa. Taziat-ul-Amsar, of Wassaf, Illiot. III. 43. 417 404 Set: Kambayat was the most celebrated of the cities of Hind in population and wealth. khaMbhAtanAM makAne suMdara, sRSTiaudarya manahara ane havA sArI hatI. A lakare khaMbhAtane savAre ekAeka ghero ghAlyo ane aMdaranA loka AzcaryathI gabharATamAM paDayA. rezamI kApaDa, sonuMrUpuM, javAhara vagere ghaNI luMTa maLI. amIra khuzarUnI tArIkhe alAImAM lakhyuM che ke pATaNa jItyA pachI ulughakhAne khaMbhAta jItI lIdhuM, juo Illiot III. 14. 2 tArIkhe phIrojhazAhI, jhIAuddIna baranI kRta-Illiot III. 163. 3 bebe gejhe. 1- bhA.1-pR.230. For Private and Personal Use Only

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musalamAna samaya 41 1347mAM pATaNa Avyo, ane tyAMthI bharUca pAse narmadAkinAre paDAva nAkhyo. A vakhate khaMbhAta ane bharUcanI mahesula ghaNAM varasathI caDhI gaelI hatI te bAdazAhanAM mANasee sakhta rIte vasula karI ane khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM AvelA pIrama beTanA mokhaDAjI gohelane harAvyo. ATalI vyavasthA karIne bAdazAha dakSiNamAM devagaDha gayo. paNa eTalAmAM malIka tughAna jene tAdhI nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che eNe baLavo karyo, pATaNanA bAdazAhI subA muijhuddInane keda karyo, khaMbhAta lUMTayuM, ane bharUcane ghero ghAlyo. bAdazAhane A samAcAra maLatAM devagaDhathI lazkara mokalyuM ane pite paNa bharUca tarapha dhasyo. sulatAnanA AvavAnI khabara sAMbhaLI tAghI khaMbhAta Avyo. muhammada taghalake A uparathI be hajAra ghoDesavAranA lazkarane malIka yusupha baghaDAnI saradArI nIce khaMbhAta upara mokalyuM. khaMbhAta pAse bhAre laDhAI thaI emAM bAdazAhI lazkara hAryuM ane bharUca bAju nAThuM. e khabara sAMbhaLI sulatAna pate khaMbhAta tarapha Avyo ane tAghIne e samAcAra maLatAM khaMbhAta chaDI AzAvaLa (amadAvAda) gayo." jhapharakhAna ane khaMbhAta A banAva pachI sulatAna muhammada taghalaka bIjAnA samayamAM jhapharakhAna subAnA amala sudhImAM khaMbhAtanA itihAsane lagato kAMI banAva banyo nathI. e vakhate (I.sa. 1391) pharahata ula mulka rAstIkhAna gujarAtane subo hato. enA amalathI loka ghaNuM kaMTALI gayA hatA. jyAre jhapharakhAnanI gUjarAtanI subedArI upara nImaNuka thaI tyAre rAstIkhAna pAsethI hoddo saMbhALI levA e Avata hatuM, tyAM nAgora mukAme khaMbhAtanA agresara vepArIonuM maMDaLa ene rAstIkhAnanA julamo bAbata phariyAda karavA AvyuM. jhapharakhAne vepArIonI phariyAda dhyAnamAM levA vacana ApyuM. rAstIkhAnanA lazkarane pATaNa pAse kaI gAma pAse harAvI jhapharakhAna bIna vajaulamulka khaMbhAta AvyA ane vepArIone saMtoSa Ape. hoddA upara rahelA subAnI virUddha phariyAda karavA khaMbhAtanA vepArIo navA nImAelA subA pAse jAya e khaMbhAtanA vepArI mahAjananuM e samayamAM moTuM mahattva batAve che ane gujarAtanAM badhAM zaheromAM khaMbhAtanI mahattA paNa vyakta kare che. gUjarAta AkhuM khaMbhAtane nAme oLakhAya che. tajhIyatula asArane lekhaka I.sa. (1300-1728) e samayamAM lakhe che ke "gUjarAta ke je khaMbhAtanuM rAjya kahevAya che temAM sittera hajAra gAma che. gAmaDAM ane zahero badhuM samRddha ane mejamajAhanA sthAna rUpa che." eNe gUjarAtanuM lAMbu ane uttama varNana karyuM che ane te khaMbhAtane 4 tArIkhe phIrojhazAhIH-llliot all. 256-57. 5 tArIkhe phIrejhazAhI lliot III. 258-260. I.sa. 1387mAM sulatAna phIrojhazAhe zAhajAdA nasIrUdIna muhammadazAhane gAdI ApI tyAre gujarAtanA subA sikaMdarakhAnane khaMbhAtanA amIra muphArI-Mufarrih-e bIjA amIre sAthe maLI baLa karI mArI nAkhyo evA samAcAra bAdazAhane maLyA hatA. juo tArIkhe mubArakazAhI Illiot IV. 16. yahayA bIna ahemada nI. $ Mirat-i-Sikandari: -Bayley's Tr. P. 74. For Private and Personal Use Only

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42 musalamAna samaya nAme karyuM che. e ane bIjA ullekhothI khaMbhAta e samaye gUjarAtamAM paheluM ane AkhA hiMdamAM gheDAM meTAMmAM meTAM zaherAmAM gaNAtuM ema samajAya che. A samayamAM khaMbhAtanI meTI jumAmasjida baMdhAI. enuM vigatavAra varNana AgaLa karIzuM. I.sa. 1345mAM bina baTuTA nAmanA musAkara cIna jatAM khaMbhAta AvyA hatA. e kahe che ke khaMbhAtamAM suMdara masjido hatI ane paradezI vepArIone meTA bhAga musalamAna hatA emaNe te bAMdhI hatI. zahera paNa ghaNuM suMdara hatuM.9 amadAvAdanA sulatAnenA samaya jhapharakhAna bIna vaulamuka pAchaLathI mujhazAha nAma dhAraNa karI pATaNamAM gUjarAtanI gAdIe ese che ane tyArathI gUjarAta svataMtra musalamAna bAdazAhanI sattA nIce Ave che. ene paitra ahamadazAha pATaNathI khaMbhAtanA rastA upara AvelA AzAvalanI DeDa amadAvAda zahera vasAve che. e vakhatathI khaMbhAta amadAvAdanI saltanatanuM meTuM baMdara thAya che. mujhazAha ane ahamadazAhathI mAMDIne bahAdurazAha sudhInA gUjarAtanA sulatAneAe dezane samRddha banAvavA ane vepAra vadhAravA ghaNuM karyuM che. ahamadazAha, mahamadazAha khegaDeA, ane bahAdurazAhe dariyAI vepAra tathA nIkAsainya upara khAsa dhyAna ApyuM. Ama ekaMdare amadAvAdanI saltanatanA vakhatamAM gUjarAta AkhA pUrvanA dezamAM dariyAI vepAramAM paNa agresara hatuM. khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA mathALAnA bhAga purAvA mAMDayeA hateA ane moTAM vANAne mATe khaMbhAta nakAmuM thatAM dheAdhA kharUM baMdara hatuM, chatAM paNa e samayanI sadhaLI nAkApravRttinuM mukhya kendra khaMbhAta ja hatuM. gUjarAta ceArAsI baMdaranA vAvaTA kahevAtuM ane e vAvaDhe khaMbhAtamAM pharakatA. ahamadazAha sAme baLavA ane khaMbhAta kabaje karyuM mujhapharazAhanA putra ane ahamadIya vaMzanA sthApaka ahamadazAhu nAnI vaye gAdIe AvyA ke tarataja enA pItarAI pIrAjhakhAnanA putra medudde baLavA karyAM. jIvaNudAsa, prayAgadAsa ane keTalAka musalamAna amIrAne sAthe lai eNe khaMbhAta kabaje karyuM. sulatAna ahamadazAha pATaNathI khaMbhAta AvavA nIkaLyA ane e khabara sAMbhaLI baLavAkhArA bharUca jatA rahyA. 10 A arasAmAM amadAvAda pAsenA sarakhejanA prasiddha saMta puruSa zekha ahamada khaTTu gaMjabakSa yAtrAe javA nIkaLyA hatA te khaMbhAta AvelA.11 khaMbhAtanuM naukAsainya dakSiNa upara caDAi kare che i.sa. 1471mAM evA samAcAra AvyA ke dakSiNanA sulatAna ahamazAha brAhmaNInA eka amIra 7 Tazjiyat-ul-Amsar of Wassaf. P. 43. (Illiot III.) 8 Bom. Gaz. VI. Cambay. P. 216. N. 3. e masjIda I.sa. 1308mAM baMdhAI 9 e ja pU. 216. gejheTIaranA lekhaka jaNAve che ke e vakhate khaMbhAtamAM zekha alI haidarI nAmanA musalamAna hatA. e vepArIe ane dariyAI musApharonAM bhaviSya jotA ane lekAnA enA upara bahu vizvAsa hatA. lephA paNa enA sArA banne vALatA, jIe gejheTIaranI noMdha 5. 10 Mirat-i-Sikandari: Bayley. P. 89. 11 e ja. pR. 91. nAM. 1. For Private and Personal Use Only

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43 musalamAna samaya malIka uttajAre mAhIma ane muMbaI je gujarAtane tAbe hatAM te laI lIdhAM. A sAMbhaLI sulatAne dIva, ghedhA ane khaMbhAtathI lagabhaga sAtaso vahANano kAphalo taiyAra karI mukhalIsa ubhukanI saradArI nIce mAhIma mokalyo. A kAphale vijaya karI ghaNI mAlamatA lUMTI pAcho Avyo ane bhAla sulatAnane najara karyo.12 eka vakhata sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnA samayamAM malabAranA cAMciyA gujarAtanAM baMdarane harakata karatA. e samAcAra sulatAnane mustaphAbAda (jUnAgaDha)thI amadAvAda AvatAM maLyA. A sAMbhaLI sulatAna gheghA thaI khaMbhAta Avyo ane naikAsainya taiyAra karI pite temAM jaI cAMciyAone mArI haThAvyA.13 pharIthI jyAre sulatAna jUnAgaDha hatuM tene lAbha laI amadAvAdamAM zAhajAdA ahamadakhAne gAdIe besADavAnuM kAvavuM thAya che tyAre paNa sulatAna ghadhe thaI khaMbhAta Ave che ane e samAcAra amadAvAda jatAM baLa zamI jAya che. A arasAmAM dakSiNano bahAdura gIlANa DAbhela baMdare baLavo kare che. eNe gujarAtanA baMdare AgaLa cAMciyAvRtti zarU karI. gujarAtanAM baMdarane naDavAnuM kAraNa e hatuM ke malIka uttajAra dakSiNathI nAsI khaMbhAta Avyo hato enI putrInuM bahAdura gIlAe mAguM karyuM hatuM ane malIke tenI nA pADI hatI. AmAM malIkanA vakIlane gIlAe mArI naMkhAvyo. paraMtu malIkanI putrIne gIlANIne hAthamAMthI khaMbhAtanA lokoe madada karI choDAvI. AnuM vera vALavA gIlANIe gUjarAtanAM baMdare AgaLa cAMciyAvRtti zarU karI jatAM AvatAM vahANone trAsa ApavA mAMDyuM. keTalAka vakhata sudhI A trAsa evo cAlyo ke kaI vahANa gUjarAtanAM baMdare bhAgye ja AvI zakatuM ane pariNAme sopArI na AvavAthI gujarAtIone pAnamAM dhANA khAvA paDelA.18 bAbAsAe kareluM varNana jema siddharAja jayasiMhane samaya gujarAtanA itihAsanA hiMdu samayamAM suvarNa samaya gaNAya che tema musalamAna amalamAM sulatAna mahamuda begaDAne rAjyakALa suvarNane samaya gaNAya che. paMdaramI sadInA aMtamAM ane soLamI sadInI zarUAtamAM AvelA paradezI musApharo khaMbhAtanAM vakhANa hiMdustAnanA pahelI paMktinA zahera tarIke mukta kaMThe kare che. e badhuM khaMbhAtanA vepArane lagatuM che ane tenuM varNana yaMgya sthaLe thaze. soLamI sadInI zarUAtamAM AvelA musAphara bAbAsA lakhe che ke15 khabhAtanA akhAtamAM "gaMdArI' (Guendari) nadImAM pesatAM khaMbhAtanuM mahAna zahera AveluM che.11 e zahera ghaNuM suMdara che ane emAM hiMdu (Gentiles) ane musalamAna 12 e ja pR. 116-17, 13 e ja pR. 199, AmAM mIrAte sikaMdarI sulatAne cAMciyA sAme kAphalo mokalyo ema lakhe che. jyAre tabakAne akabarI sulatAna pite naukAsainya sAthe gayo ema lakhe che. sikaMdarI karatAM tabakate akabarI vadhAre vizvasanIya hevAthI ene mata lIdhe che. tArIkhe phiriztA cAMciyA valasADa taraphanA hatA ema lakhe che. paNa tabakAta ane sikaMdarI bane malabAranA lakhe che. 14 e ja pR. 218-19. 24 Stanley's Barbosa P. 64-66 16 bArabosAe khaMbhAtanA akhAtanAM keTalAMka sthaLonuM kareluM varNana. enAM lakhelAM nAma hAla baMdha besatAM nathI, mahI nadIne For Private and Personal Use Only

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44 musalamAna samaya (Moors) baMnenI sArI vastI che. dhara paththaranAM ane iMTacunAnAM dhALelAM che. dhaNAM ucAM, meTAM, bArIevALAM ane speInanI mAphaka naLIonAM chAparAMvALAM che. e zahera phaLadrupa ane samRddha mulakamAM AveluM che. emAM rastA ane ceAgAna dhaNAM sArAM che. enA hiMdu ane musalamAna vepArIe ghaNA dhanavAna che. leAkA kapaDAM ane ghareNAMnA zokhIna che. A zaheranA vatanIe varSe geArA che. je leAkA bahAranA dezAvarAnA vatanI che te teA dhaNA ja geArA ane uttama kapaDAM paheranArA che. lokeAmAM sugaMdhI vastu vAparavAne zAkha NA che. puruSa ane strIe mAthAmAM megarA vagerenAM pula sArI rIte vApare che.17 tyAM gayA ghaNA che ane ghaNI jAtanAM vAghA maLe che. baLada ane gheADAnI gADIe khArIevALI tathA rezamI takIA tathA godaDAM mUkI 'kaeNbina'nI peThe zaNagArelI jovAmAM Ave che.18 emAM beThelAM mANasA pote dekhAyA vagara bahAranuM badhuM joI zake che. hiMdue mAMsAhAra karatA nathI. bAgabagIcAmAM jai AnaMda kare che. varathemA nAmane musAphara khaMbhAtane ghaNuM ja uttama zahera kahe che ane ene kATa che ema lakhe che.19 nikaleA DI konTI nAmanA musAphara bAra mAIlanA gherAvAvALu moTuM zahera ema lakhe che.20 mahamuda begaDAnA maraNa pachI hiMdI mahAsAgaramAM phiraMgIonI sattA vadhe che. gujarAtanA sulatAna bahAdurazAhane humAyU' sAthe aNabanAva thayA ane riNAme je yuddha thayuM temAM enI hAra thai. e vakhate gujarAta pAchuM levA phiraMgIoe ene madada karI ane badalAmAM gujarAtanAM keTalAMka baMdare|mAM emanI sattA jAmI. damaNa, dIva, vasAI vagere emanA tAbAmAM AvavAthI kAMThAnA vepAra sahIsalAmata rahyA naM. AthI karIne khaMbhAtanA vepArane ghaNuM nukAsana thavA mAMDayuM. bahAdurazAhane pAchaLathI potAnI bhUla jaNAi. ahAdurazAha ane khaMbhAta bahAdurazAhanA amala daramyAna eNe khAne Ajhama tAjamAnane khaMbhAtanA mukhya amaladAra nImyA hatA. eNe badhI phariyAdA dUra karI vyavasthA karI.21 sulatAna bahAdurazAha pote rAjagAdI cAMpAneramAM hAvA chatAM vAraMvAra khaMbhAta AvatA. ane cAMpAnera tathA amadAvAdathI kAThIAvADamAM badale maMdArI nadI lakhe che tenuM kAraNa paNa samajAtuM nathI. 17 A varNana gujarAtamAM mAthAmAM veNI vaparAtI haze ema sUcave che? / 18 A varNana hAla vaparAya che tevAM 'zighrayAnu'-zIdharAma-ne mATe hoya ema samajAya che. 19 Travels of Ludovica De Verthema: P. 105-107. A musAphaeNra khaMbhAta ne siMdhu nadInA mukha pAse AveluM che ema kahe che. khaMbhAtanA akhAtanI bharatI mATe paNa lakhe che. zaherane mATe 'Most excellent city' ema lakhe che. 20 Bom. Gaz. VI Cambay P. 217, 21 Mirat-i-Sikandari, Bayley: P. 336. A tAjakhAna te mahamuda begaDAneA amIra nahi. sikaMdarI ene tAjakhAna vacchara kahe che. tArIkhe alaphI AjhImakhAna kahe che (IlkAba tarIke). sIkaMdarI khaMbhAtanA sutrA banyA ema kahe che. jyAre tabakAte akabarI lakhe che ke khaMbhAtamAM avyavasthAnI kuriyADhA AvavAthI bahAdurazAhe ene nImyA. A graMthAmAM tamakAta ja vadhAre vizvasanIya che. sara kalAIva IbelI A tAkhAnane tAjakhAna narapAlI kahe che ke jeNe amadAvAdamAM tAjapura AbAda karyuM. A bAbata zaMkA che, paraMtu A tAjakhAnanA hoddo paNa moTA hatA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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musalamAna samaya dIva baMdara javA mATe te khaMbhAta tathA ghoghA thaIne ja jato. dIva ane khaMbhAta vacce vadhAremAM vadhAre vahANamAM musApharI karanAra gUjarAtanA bAdazAhomAM e eka ja hato.23 tAjakhAna pachI tArIkhe bahAdurazAhIne kartA khaMbhAta baMdarane darage nImAyo hato.24 jyAre bahAdurazAha humAyUnA lazkarathI hArIne nAsato khaMbhAta AvI tyAMthI dIva gayo hato tyAre humAyuM pote paNa enI pUMTha pakaDI khaMbhAta Avyo ane zaheranI bahAra paDAva nAkhyo.25 humAyue khaMbhAta lUMTavA ane bALavAne Apela hukama A vakhate humAyuM pAse lazkara thayuM hatuM. malIka ahamada lADa ane rUkana dAuda nAmanA bahAdurazAhanA amIrAe, koLI loko upara pitAnI lAgavaga hovAthI, humAyUnA thaDA lazkara upara rAtre ekAeka humalo karI mArI haThAvavAnA IrAdAthI koLI ane gavAra lokenI eka ToLI UbhI karI. A vAtanI eka DozIne khabara hatI. ane eno chokaro humAyuMnA lazkaramAM pakaDAelo hovAthI tene choDavAnI zarate A hakIkata DezIe bAdazAhane khAsa maLIne kahI. je e bAtamI khoTI Thare te baMnene mArI nAkhavAM ema TharyuM. DozIe kahelI rAtre paroDhIe pAMca vAgye 6000 keLA ane gavAra lazkara upara tuTI paDyA. gavAre lUMTavAmAM paDayA. emAM zAhI graMthasaMcaya (lAyabrerI)nAM keTalAMka uttama ane alabhya pustaka paNa lUMTAI gayAM. bAtamI pahelethI maLelI hovAthI mogala sIpAIo paNa gAphela nahotA. tethI Akhare bhIlo hAryA ane nAThA. A banAvathI humAyune eTalo krodha caDha ke eNe khaMbhAta lUMTavAne ane bALavAno hukama Ape.26 khaMbhAta ane phiraMgIe A banAva pachI bahAdurazAha gUjarAta pAchuM jItI le che, paNa porTugIjha-phiraMgIonuM jora vadhavAthI kinArAnAM baMdarono vepAra emanA hAthamAM jato rahe che. dhImedhIme khaMbhAtane AphrikAnAM baMdaro, irAnanAM baMdaro ane dakSiNa hiMdanAM baMdaro sAtheno vepAra ocho thato cAlyo.27 I.sa. 151ranI lagabhagamAM khaMbhAtanA rAjAne elacI phiraMgI sarakAra AgaLa gavA gaele tene pAchuM vALI bheTa 22 mahamuda begaDAnA vakhatathI naikAsainyanuM mukhya thANuM dava banyuM hatuM. khaMbhAta enI nIce gaNAtuM. nikAsenAdhipati First Lord of Admiralty malIka ayAjha sulatAnI dIvamAM raheto. 83 Mirati Sikandar-i-Bayley, P. 338-9; 347 24 Mirati-Sikandar, Bayley, P. 34. A mANasanuM nAma maLatuM nathI. tArIkhe bahAdurazAhIne patte nathI. e amadAvAdanI dhIkAMTe AvelI muhAphijhakhAMnI marijadanA sthApaka amIra muhAphijhakhAne pAtra thato hato, ema sikaMdarI AgaLa kahe che. e pote ja khaMbhAtane daraga hato ema lakhe che. tene utAre sikaMdarInA lekhake lIdhe che. R4 Mirati-i-Sikandari. Bayley, P. 392. 26 abulaphajhala: akabaranAmA I (Tr. by Beveridge) pR. 309-10. A laDhAI khaMbhAta zaheranI bahAra thai tethI bAdazAhano krodha khaMbhAta upara utaryo. humAyU vidyAlAne zokhIna hato. lAyabrerI UMTa upara sAthe pheravato. A lUMTamAM taimuranAmAnI caritraprata paNa lUMTAI gaI hatI. paNa te pAchaLathI jaDI hatI ema keTalAkanuM mAnavuM che. AmAM je gavAra nAmanI jAta che tene khaMbhAta zaheranI bahAranA gavArAnA bhAganA nAma sAthe koI saMbaMdha haze? 27 Bom. Gaz. VI. Cambay, P. 217. For Private and Personal Use Only

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46 musalamAna samaya sAthe gAvAnA gavarnare TrIsTAe DI gA (Tristao De Ga)nAmanA peAtAnA elacIne khaMbhAta mAkalyA.28 A mANasa cheka I.sa. 1533-34 sudhI paNa khaMbhAtamAM ja rahelA ane dIvamAM killo bAMdhavA bahAdurazAhanI paravAnagI mAgelI. nuneA DI krunA gavarnara hatA tyAre khaMbhAtamAM rahI bahAdurazAhane dIva baMdare ene maLavA mATe javA TrIsTAe DI gAe khaTapaTamAM bhAga lIdhA hatA ema jaNAya che.29 I.sa. 1531mAM kira'gIee khaMbhAta sara karavA rAdA karelA. dIva baMdaramAM killA bAMdhavAnI temanI icchA prabaLa banI hatI. i.sa. 1534mAM pArTugalathI e kAphalA AvyA ane damaNanA kinAre UtaryAM. bahAdurazAha paNa salAha karavA taiyAra hatA. khaMbhAtathI jatuM ane khaMbhAta AvatuM dareka vahANu vasAi baMdare phiraMgIone jakAta ApyA vagara na jAya evI zarata kira'gIoe karAvI lIdhI. khaMbhAtamAM agara enA tAbAnAM baMdarAmAM laDhAI mATenuM vahANa na bAMdhI zakAya evI kalama paNa e salAhamAM dAkhala thaI. e rIte kira`gIonA paga gUjarAtamAM majabUta thayA.30 bahAdurazAhanA maraNa pachI muhammada jhamAna mIrajhAM je humAyUM pAsethI nAsIne AvyA hatA tenA hAthamAM khaMbhAta gheADA vakhata rahyuM ane nune DI kunA kraraMgI gavarnare ene madada karI hatI.31 I.sa. 1538nI lagabhagamAM kira'gI kepTana DAma jeA DI kesTrA (Dom Joao De Castro)e khaMbhAta lUTayuM ane bAlyuM. e humalAmAM enAM phakta khAvI samANu dhAyala thayAM hatAM.32 khaMbhAta baMdaramAMthI kAie kAMi virAdha karyo hAya ema jaNAtuM naheAtuM. kahe che ke khaMbhAta e vakhate hiMdamAM sarvathI dhanavAna zahera hAvAthI lUTa eTalI badhI bhegI thai hatI ke phiraMgIenAM vaDANAne te lai javI muzkela thaI paDI. khaMbhAtanA dhaNA loko paNa mAryA gayA hatA. I.sa. 1546mAM gAvAthI trIsa vahANanA kAkalA khaMbhAtanAM akhAtanAM baMdarA lUMTavA AvelA para'tu gaMdhAra ane gheAdhA sudhI lUMTa karI zakyA. khaMbhAta bacI javA pAmyuM. 33 sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA rAjya sudhI khaMbhAtanI jAheojalAlI saMpUrNa rahI. lagabhaga dareka paradezI gUjarAtane khabhAta agara khabhAtanuM rAjya kahIne uddezatA e te agaLa joyuM. gujarAtanA bAdazAha tarIke sulatAna mahamuda begaDA ghaNA prasiddha hatA. ene lIdhe khaMbhAta aMgrejI sAhityamAM paNa amara thaeluM cheH 28 Portuguese in India: Danvers: I. 255. 29 e ja pR. 405. 30 e ja pR. 406, bahAdurazAhanuM utAvaLIApaNuM ane bAdazAha humAyUM sAthe kareluM nakAmuMvera e A paDatInAM kAraNeA hatAM. seALamI sadInA bIjA pAdamAM phiraMgIonA AkhA kAphelAno trIjo bhAga khaMbhAta tAbAnAM baMdaronI sAthe laDhavAmAM vaparAtA. (e ja pR. 410) 31 e ja pR. 421. 32 Bom. Gaz. VI P. 217 A hakIkata gejheTIaranA lekhake ApI che ane tene mATe AdhAra Prin Rot desjndes; Vita de Joao Castro vagerenA ApelA che. bIjA graMthAmAM A hakIkata nathI, 33 Portuguese in India I 476. For Private and Personal Use Only

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47 musalamAna samaya 'The Prince of Cambay's daily food Is asp, and basilisk and toad.' e lITIo kavi semyuala baTalaranA Hudibras nAmanA kAvyamAM gUjarAtane khaMbhAta nAmathI uddezIne lakhAelI che.34 bahAdurazAhanA maraNa pachI gUjarAtamAM traNa nAmanA bAdazAho thayA. emanA amalamAM gujarAta sAthe khaMbhAtanI paNa paDatI thaI. khaMbhAtanA akhAtane uparano bhAga have purAvA mAMDyo hato ane meTAM vahANo ghoghA sudhI AvI zakatAM hatAM. akabara bAdazAhe gUjarAta jItyuM tyAM sudhI gujarAta deza amIree vaheMcI lIdhuM ane bAdazAhI nAmanI rahI. khaMbhAta e vakhate saiyada mubAraka bukhArInA bhAgamAM AvyuM. A cAlIsa varSanA gALAmAM gUjarAtamAM eTalI avyavasthA hatI ke enA jillAo je je amIro sattAmAM AvatA te pitAnI jAgIra gUjarAta saltanatanA aMta samayanI rithati tarIke vaheMcI letA. I.sa. 156 mAM hajharata saiyada mubAraka bukhArI laDhAImAM devaloka pAmyA eTale khaMbhAtano mulaka gujarAtanA mukhya amIra itamAdakhAna gUjarAtInA hAthamAM AvyuM. ItamadakhAnane caMgIjhakhAna ane bIjA habasI amIra sAthe laDhAI cAlyA karatI hatI. enA pariNAme itamAdakhAna sulatAna mujhaphapharane laIne moDAse nAsI gayo; ane sAbaramatIne uttara bhAga zerakhAna kuladIe ane dakSiNa bhAga caMgIjhakhAne vaheMcI lIdho. A vaheMcaNImAM prabhAta mulaka caMgIjhakhAnanA hAthamAM Avyo. A vijayanI khuzAlImAM caMgIjhakhAne khaMbhAta bIjalIkhAna habasIne ApyuM. paraMtu thoDA samaya pachI bharUcathI pitAnI mA vijayanI mubArakabAdI ApavA AvI eTale bIjalIkhAna pAsethI laI laIne pitAnI mAtAne jAgIramAM ApyuM.38 AnuM vera bIjalIkhAne sakhta rIte vALyuM. caMgIjhakhAnane kapaTathI katala karyo. A vakhate gUjarAtamAM habasIonI sattA vadhI gaI. habasIoe khaMbhAta vagere ItimAdakhAnane pAchAM ApyAM paNa kharI sattA emanI ja hatI.40 akabara khaMbhAtamAM I.sa. 1573thI khaMbhAta mahAna akabara bAdazAhanI sattAmAM AvyuM. paraMtu e sattA thoDAM varasa 3x Butler's Hudibras Part II Canto I 35 mirAte sikaMdarI gu. bhA. pR. 398. 36 Bom. Gaz. VI P. 218. 37 mirAte sikaMdarI gu. bhA. pR. 431 ane 437 38 e ja pR. 438. 39 e ja pR. 439, bIjalIkhAne caMgIjhakhAnane amadAvAdamAM bhadranA killAnI AgaLanA medAnamAM cagAna" (palo)nI ramata ramavA bolAvyA, ane jujhArakhAna habasIne sAdhIne medAnamAM pharahata umulakanI marijada AgaLa katala karyo. A banAva I.sa. 1572mAM ba. 40 mirAte sikaMdarI gu. bhA. pR. 440. For Private and Personal Use Only

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48 musalamAna samaya nAmanI ja rahI. e varSanA zAbAna mAsanI tA. 2 jI ne somavAre bAdazAhI svArI khaMbhAtamAM AvI. akabarazAhe ahIM samudra pahelavahelo joyo ane vahANamAM besI rahela karI. khaMbhAtanA mukhya lake ane vepArIoe bAdazAhane sAmA jaIvadhAvI ghaNuM mAna ApyuM. bAdazAhe mulakanI vyavasthA ane khaMbhAta zaherano vahIvaTa khajAnacI hasanakhAnane sepI vaDodarA tarapha kUca karI. 1 akabarazAhe khaMbhAtamAM eka paruM pitAne nAme vasAvyuM ane bIjA parAnuM nAma sikaMdara agara sakakarapurA rAkhyuM. khaMbhAta mIrajhAnA hAthamAM ane bAdazAhI lazkarane ghere bAdazAhanA gayA pachI mIrajhAMoe pharI baLavo uThAvyo. e vakhate gujarAtano subo khAne Ajhama mirajhA ajhIjha kokalatAza hato. gUjarAtano sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha paNa bAdazAhI amaladAro sAthe bAtha bhIDI rahyo hato.43 eTale ghaNuM gUjarAtI amIra ane mIrajhAMo mujhaphapharanI sAthe rahI mogalonI sAmA thayA hatA. A arasAmAM muhammadahusena mIrajhAe bharUca AvI tyAMthI khaMbhAta AvIne e zahera laI lIdhuM. e vakhate enI pAse phakta traNaso savAra hatA. mIrajhAM ajhIjha kokAe kutubuddIna muhammadakhAna ane saiyada hAmIdane tenI sAme mokalyA. sayada hAmIdanI sAthe mirAte sikaMdarIne lekhaka sikaMdara paNa siyadanI khidamatamAM hAjara hatA. mALavAno prasiddha amIra bAjhabahAdura paNa hatuM. kutubuddIna muhammade bharUca taraphanA daravAjAmAMthI khaMbhAta pisavAnuM hatuM. auraMgakhAna, bAjhabahAdura vageree amadAvAdI daravAjAmAMthI pisavAnuM hatuM. saiyada hAmIda dariyA taraphanA purajAnA daravAjAmAMthI pasavAnA hatA. aMdara mIrajhAM paNa dareka daravAje mANaso goThavIne phurajAne daravAje pote jAte rahyo hate. mIrajhAM daravAjAmAMthI bahAra nIkaLI saiyada sAthe laDha, paNa pAcho ha. Ama e traNa vakhata zaheramAMthI nIkaLIne laDhayo. Ama sahavArathI sAMja sudhI laDhAI cAlI ane kAMI pariNAma AvyuM nahi. rAtre khaMbhAtanA keTanI bahAra lazkara paDayuM hatuM, evAmAM mIrajhAM utAvaLI kUce bahAra AvI InDIAra ula muka je IDarathI Avyo hato tene maLI gayA ane amadAvAda bAju cAlyo gayo. khAne Ajhama mIrajhAM kekAe A samAcAra bAdazAhane mokalatAM bAdazAha nava divasamAM AgrAthI amadAvAda AvyA ane laDhAI thaI, temAM baLavArene 41 mirAte ahamadI, saiyada nijhAmuddIna ciztI sAhebanuM bhASAMtara, bhA 1 pR. 105-106. manasukhabuttavArIkha banI II 145146 lakhe che ke ibrAhimahusena ane muhammadahusena mIrajhAMnI pAchaLa bharUca jatAM bAdazAha amadAvAdathI tA2 jIe nIkaLI tA 6 hIe khaMbhAta pahoMce che. 82 Bom. Gaz. VI 218 43 mirAte sikaMdarI lakhe che ke caMgIjhakhAnane badhe mulaka IbrAhimahusena ane mahamadahusena mIrajhAnA hAthamAM A hato. jyAre badaunI manasukhabuttavArIkhamAM lakhe che ke akabarazAhanA tAbAmAM e mulaka eka vakhata AvyA pachI mIrajhAMeAe baLavo karI laI lIdho. juo sikaMdarI pR. 441; manasukhemuttavArIkha || P. 167. mirAte ahamadI pR. 11pamAM lakhe che ke akabare nImelA husenakhAnanI alapa buddhine lIdhe khaMbhAta muhammadahusena mIrajhAe laI lIdhuM. A jotAM baunIne mata khare lAge che. sikaMdarIno kartA ane eno bApa A badhA banAvonajare jonAra hatA chatAM, sikaMdarImAM AvI akkasatA ghaNI che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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' ' . ke huM eka navAba sAheba me mAnakhAna trIjA (eka prAcIna citra uparathI) For Private and Personal Use Only

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musalamAna samaya parAjaya thayo e badhI vAtane khaMbhAta sAthe saMbaMdha nathI.44 kalayANarAya gujarAtanA chellA sulatAna mujhaphaphare ane enA putre paNa akabaranA subAone visa varSa sudhI jaMpavA dIdhA nathI. amadAvAdathI zAhabuddIna ahamadakhAna ane etamAdakhAnanA lazkarane mujhaphaphare harAvI pATaNa kADhayA hatA.5 thaDA vakhata mATe gujarAta mujhaphapharane tAbe AvyuM hoya ema jaNAyuM. sulatAne pitAnA pakSanA saradArene khitAbo paNa ApyA. evAmAM khaMbhAtamAM kalyANarAya nAmane vANiye je bahu jorAvara hato enA nekara sayada late sulatAnane lakhyuM ke eNe 4000 savAre bhegA karyA che. eNe khaMbhAta baMdaramAMthI ghaNo paise paNa bhego karyo hate. saiyada delatanI vaphAdArI joI mujhaphaphare tene rUsatamakhAnane IlkAba ane ghoDe tathA pizAka mekalyAM, ane kahevaDAvyuM ke jyAre jarUra paDaze tyAre tane bolAvIzuM.47 44 mirAte sikaMdarI gu. bhA. pU. 455-56; ahamadI pR. 115-116; badaunI I P. 161. 45 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA . 1. 148 46 mirAte sikaMdarI gu. bhA. 461-62 47 mirAte sikaMdarI gu. bha. pR. 462. A kalayANarAya keNa te bAbatamAM kAMIka TALo lAge che. kalyANarAya nAmano eka aitihAsika puruSa khaMbhAtanA itihAsamAM thaI gayuM che. muMbAI gejheTIaramAM khaMbhAta upara lakhanAra (pR. 216) kuTaneTamAM kalyANarAya nAmanA mANasane cAlukaya samayamAM thaelo dhArI e samayamAM thaelA pArasIonA hullaDa sAthe joDatA lAge che. kalyANarAyane pArasIo sAthe jhagaDo thayo haze ke kema te mATe kAMI AdhAra maLato nathI, gejheTIaranA lekhake bebe gavarnamenTa silekazananA lekhaka kanala raoNbarTasanane AdhAra laI lakhyuM che. raoNbarTasane tArIkha ApelI nathI. mAtra janazrati noMdhI che. emAM lakhyuM che ke vepAranI harIphAImAMthI laDhAI thatAM pArasIoe hiMduone mArI kADhayA ane khaMbhAta kabaje karyuM. emAM kalyANarAya nAmane dazAlADa vANi nAsI surata gaye ne jhaverAtanA vepAramAM kamAI kALAonI phoja laI pArasIone mArI haThAvI khaMbhAta kabaje karI zaheramAM ghaNI sArI vyavasthA karI. pArasIonA cheDelA zahera upara kalyANarAye bIjuM zahera vasAvyuM ane vepArIone lAvI vasAvyA, ema lakhyuM che. A vAta AdhAra vagaranI che. gejheTIarane lekhaka AnA upara zaMkA kare che ke saratane badale soraDa hoya te A vAta baMdha bese, kAraNa surata cAlukaya samayamAM AbAda nahotuM. kharI rIte rathAna nathI. kalyANarAya cAlukaya samayamAM thaI gayAne keAIgranthamAM AdhAra nathI, jyAre akabaranA samayamAM thayAnA AdhAra aneka che ane e samaye sarata jaI kamAI AvyAnuM paNa bane. eTale phArasI itihAsamAM AvatA A kalyANarAya ja khaMbhAtane kalyANarAya che. mirAte sikaMdarIne ullekha upara Ape che. je kalyANarAyane nekara ATalo sattAvALA hatA te pAta uparanuM varNana karyuM che te hovAnI zaMkA nathI. enA kare akabaranI virUddha bhAga bhajave, paNa enuM potAnuM kAMI AvatuM nathI, mirAte ahamadI (pR. 148) ene dakSaNI kahe che. paNa manasukhabuttavArIkhamAM badInI ene khaMbhAtane vatanI kahe che ane sikaMdarIno kartA teno samakAlIna hato eTale e vAta satya lAge che. badaunI ene "bakAla' eTale vANiyo kahe che. te upalI daMtakathAne baMdha bese che. bIjA grantha nAta lakhatA nathI. vaLI badaunI (manasukhabuttavArIkha pR. 249 bhA. 2) lakhe che ke bAdazAha taraphathI yUrapI ane sAthe sulatAna vAnanAM vahANa cheDAvavAnI salAha karavA mATe lakara sAthe asaphakhAna sAthe kaphayANarAya je khaMbhAtane vatanI hato tene kalyo hato. A ullekhamAM kalyANarAyane surata sAtheno saMbaMdha upalI AkhyA. cikAne Teke Apato maLe che. A badhA ullekhethI kalyANarAya akabaranA pakSane ane khaMbhAtamAM sattA dharAvato hato ema samajAya che. tene nokara enI gerahAjarImAM virUddha gaye haze. kayANarAyanuM ghara hAla paNa khaMbhAtamAM batAvavAmAM Ave che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pa0 musalamAna samaya chelA sulatAna mujhaphaphara ane khaMbhAta A vakhate amadAvAdamAM bAdazAhI subo suprasiddha kavivara abdurahima khAnakhAnAna (te baherAmakhAnakhAnAnane putro hato. eNe sulatAnane amadAvAdathI harAvI nasA. sulatAna nAsatA nAsata khaMbhAta Avyo. tyAM enI AsapAsa 1100thI 1ra00 savAra bhegA thaI gayA. A samAcAra sAMbhaLI khAnakhAnAna khaMbhAta tarapha AvavA upaDyo. eNe bharUca AgaLa paDAva nAkhI rahelA nAraMgakhAnane paNa bArejA gAma AgaLa potAne AvI maLavA lakhyuM. sikaMdarIne lekhaka nAraMgakhAnanA lazkara sAthe hatA. A be lazkara bhegAM thaI khaMbhAta upara caDhI Ave che. evI khabara jyAre mujhaphapharane paDI tyAre te ekAeka vaDedare jaI tyAMthI rAjapIpaLAnA jaMgala tarapha nAsI gayA.8 A samaya daramyAna eka vakhata ibrAhimahusena mirajhAMne putra mujhaphapharahusena mIrajhAM je pitAnI mA gularUkha begama sAthe dakSiNamAM nAsI gayA hatA te baLavo uThAvI peTalAda sudhI Avyo hato ane enI pAchaLa bAdazAhI lazkara paDatAM khaMbhAta AvavA nIkaLyo, ane bAdazAhanA amaladAra saiyada hAsame tenI sAme na TakavAthI khaMbhAta zaheramAM bharAI killebaMdhI karI. A khabara pATaNamAM rAjA TeDaramala je gujarAtanI jamebadhI nakkI karavA Avyo hato tene maLatAM te tAbaDataba lazkara laI AvyuM. A samAcAra sAMbhaLI mujhaphapharahusena mIrajhAM kAThIAvADa nAsI gayo.49 sulatAna mujhaphaphara rAjapIpaLAthI pAcho bharUca AvyA ane tyAMthI khaMbhAta Avyo. khaMbhAtamAM eNe loko pAsethI ghaNuM nANuM bheguM karyuM ane lagabhaga dasathI bAra hajAra mANasanuM lazkara UbhuM karyuM.50 A samAcAra mIrajhAMkhAnane maLatAM te amadAvAdathI nIkaLyo, ane mALavAnA saradAra je vaDodare ane bharUca hatA temane paNa bolAvyA. A sAMbhaLI sulatAna pAcho nAsI vaDodara gayo. mirajhAMkhAna tenI pAchaLa paDyo ane sulatAnane nakara je khaMbhAta sAcavI rahyo hato tenI sAme TukaDI mokalI.51 sulatAna rakhaDate rakhaData kAThIAvADamAM gaye ane Akhare ApaghAta karIne maraNa pAmyo. eNe pote ja tyAM sudhI akabaranA amaladArone zAMtimAM rahevA dIdhA nahi. khaMbhAta ghaNI vAra enI nAsabhAganuM bhaNya kendra banyuM. e I.sa. 1582-83mAM thaye. A bAbatanI tamAma zaMkA jahAMgIra pitAnA AtmacaritramAM dUra karI de che. e spaSTa lakhe che ke akabaranA vakhatamAM kalyANarAya khaMbhAtane mutsadI hato. eNe sArI vyavasthA karI ane dhaNA leke ne vepArIo bahArathI AvI khaMbhAtamAM varasyA. A ulekha AvatA prakaraNamAM karIzuM. 48 mirAte sikaMdarI gu. bhA. pR.467. 49 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. 1 pR. 173; manasukhebruttavArIkha, badonI II 256. 50 ahamadI. gu. bhA. 1 153. manasukhabuttavArIkha | 341 lakhe che ke cauda lAkha rUpIA khaMbhAtanI tIjorImAMthI lIdhA! 51 manasukhebruttavArIkha II 344. sulatAna mujhaphaphara tyAMthI IDara vagere bAju thaI rakhaDate kADIAvADa ga. sulAtAne eka eka sthaLethI bIje sthaLe evI rakhaDapaTTI karI che ke tavArIkhonAM varNanamAM ghaNI gUMcavaNa ubhI thaelI che ane sthaLAne krama nakkI karavA muzkela che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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UNTUNNUNNAN prakaraNa sAtamuM mogala samaya mogala zahenazAhatamAM gujarAta ane khaMbhAta akabaranA rAjya vakhate AvyAM ema sAmAnya ' rIte kahI zakAya paraMtu akabaranA AkhA ye amalamAM e pratibhAsaMpanna mahApuruSanI DAhI rAjanItino lAbha gujarAta ane khaMbhAte lIdhe nathI. chellA sulatAna mujhaphapharazAhe ane enA putra bahAdure cheka jahAMgIranA samayanI zarUAta sudhI baLavo uThAvyA karyo hato. mujhaphapharanA hallAone lIdhe bharUcathI amadAvAda sudhInA mulake te akabaranA amalanI zAMti dIThI ja nathI. emAM mirajhAoe paNa umero karyo hato. A AkhA pradezanI vacce khaMbhAta AveluM hovAthI ane e samayanuM nANAM tathA vepAranuM kendra hovAthI khaMbhAte sauthI vadhAre azAMti anubhavI hatI. akabare khaMbhAta baMdaranI mahesulamAMthI zAhajAdA salIma (jahAMgIra)ne dara varSe eka lAkha rUpiyA ApavAne hukama karyo hato. e uparathI samajAze ke ATalI laTAio ane lUMTa thavA chatAM khaMbhAta e vakhate samRddha hatuM. enI vArSika Avaka e vakhate pAMca lAkha rUpiyA gaNAtI hatI. mujhaphapharanA putra bahAdurane baLa sattaramI sadInI zarUAtathI-jahAMgIranA samayathI gujarAtamAM zAMti ane mogalAIne kAMIka nyAyI amalanA lAbha dekhAvA mAMDe che. thoDA vakhata te sulatAna mujhaphapharanA putra bahAdure baLavo karI khaMbhAta kabaje karI cauda divasa sudhI potAnA hAthamAM rAkhyuM ane khaMbhAtathI amadAvAda vacceno raste vepArIonI AvajA mATe bhayabharelo karI mUke Akhare mogalAIne caDhatA sUrya sAme gUjarAta saltanatane A chelle tAre asta pAmyo. hiMdustAnane zahenazAha khaMbhAtanA rAjAnA nAmathI oLakhAya che A vakhate aMgrejoe vepAra mATe gujarAtamAM AvavA prayatna karavA mAMDelo. zarUAtamAM aMgrejo khaMbhAta AvavA nIkaLelA temane phiraMgIoe pakaDaDyA ane govA laI gayA. te vakhate IgleMDamAM IlIjhAbetha rANI rAjya karatI hatI. eNe e vepArIone akabara bAdazAha upara kAgaLa lakhI Apela temAM akabarane khaMbhAtanA rAjA tarIke saMbodhyo hato. pazcimanA mulakamAM AkhA hiMdu 1 mirAte ahamadI, gu. bhA. 1, 187. 2 Ain-i-Akbari, Gladvin: 516. (1898 Calcutta Ed.) akabarI 2014796 dAmanI upaja khaMbhAta baMdaranI lakhe che. tene gejheTIarano lekhaka 500000 rUpiyA kahe che. mirAte ahamadI cAra lAkha kahe che. 3 William Finch: in Early Travels in India, P. 173. Foster. Oxford. phiMca lakhe che ke bahAdure bhAIcAro ane kAyadAnuM chuTApaNuM (Proclaiming liberty and laws of good fellowship) jAhera karyuM. 4 e ja pR. 173 ane pR. 133. kica AgaLa lakhatAM khaMbhAtanuM varNana kare che, juo e ja pR. 174. For Private and Personal Use Only

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52 megala samaya stAnane Ama khaMbhAtane nAme oLakhe e vepAra ane samRddhimAM khaMbhAtanI asAdhAraNa samRddhi siddha kare che ane te samayanA hiMdustAnamAM enuM agrasthAna batAvI Ape che. hAla muMbAI che tema e samaye hiMdustAnanuM e dhAra hatuM. khaMbhAtanI A jAtanI prasiddhino vidhAtA amadAvAdano sulatAna mahamuda begaDo hato. e samaye amadAvAda rUpI laMDana agara barlinanuM khaMbhAta livarapula agara heMmbarga hatuM. mogalAInAM varSo jemajema vadhatAM gayAM tematema e sthAna surata letuM gayuM. jahAMgIra pahelAnuM prabhAtanuM varNana musAphara phinya (Finch) lakhe che ke khaMbhAta javAnA raste (amadAvAdathI) retIthI bharela, jhADIvALo ane cera tathA lUMTArUnA upadrava vALe che. khaMbhAta dariyAkinAre che ane enI AsapAsa ITonI moTI dIvAla-koTa che. ghara UcAM ane suMdara che. eka daravAjAthI bIjA daravAjA sudhI rastA sIdhA ane paththara jaDelA che. bajAra vizALa che. zaheramAM vAMdarAM eTalAM badhAM che ke chAparAM upara kUdIdIne naLIo bhAgI ghaNuM tophAna kare che ane lokone vagADe che. zaheranI dakSiNe eka suMdara bAga che ane emAM cokIne mATe meTa minAre che. zaheranI uttare keTalAMka taLAvo che. A zahera gujarAtanuM bajAra che ane temAM phiraMgIonuM jora bahu che. akhAtamAM bhAratInuM jora bhayaMkara che te sAthe cAMciyA paNa ghaNA che. e ja arasAmAM abulaphajhala lakhe che ke khaMbhAta ane ghoghA moTAM baMdara hatAM. khaMbhAtathI nAnA machavAomAM ghoghA lAvI mAla moTAM vahANamAM caDhAvavAmAM Avato. I.sa. 1583nI lagabhagamAM venIsanA musAphara sIjhara pheDrike lakhyuM che ke khaMbhAta suMdara zahera hatuM. eno vepAra eTale moTo hato ke je eNe te najare na joyo hota to mAnavAmAM na Avata. e musAphara khaMbhAta Avyo te daramyAna eka moTo dukALa paDyo hato ema e lakhe che. loke pitAnAM chokarAM phiraMgI lokone chasAta rUpiyAmAM vecI detA.8 I.sa. 1618nA DiseMbara mahInAmAM jyAre mukabakhAna gUjarAtano subo hato tyAre AgrAthI bhALavAmAM thaIne amadAvAda jatAM bAdazAha jahAMgIranI savArI khaMbhAta AvI. peTalAda thaIne AvatAM bAdazAhane gADAmAM besavAnuM mana thayuM, paNa dhULa bahu UDavAthI be gAu besI khaMbhAta sudhI gheDe besavAnuM pasaMda karyuM. ahIM jahAMgIre potAnA AtmacaritramAM khaMbhAta saMbaMdhI jUnI 5 Bom. Gaz. VI. 218. juo vasaMta rajata mahotsava aMkamAM "gUjarAtanuM vahANavaTuM e nAmane lekha. 6 juo pAchaLa noMdha 4. 7 Gladvin's Ain-i-Akbari: p. 312. Aine akabarInuM khaMbhAtanuM varNana TUMkuM ja che. enA varNana uparathI jaNAya che ke khaMbhAta mATe zahera ane baMdara hovA chatAM vahANenI vadhAre avarajavara ghoghA baMdare hatI ane khaMbhAtanuM kharuM baMdara dhodhA ja hatuM. 8 Bom. Gaz. VI 218 & Note 7. gejheTIarane lekhaka lakhe che ke A dukALano ullekha bIjA koI graMthamAM maLatA nathI, paNa junAgaDhanA eka ullekhathI A dukALa I.sa. 1590mAM paDI haze ema dhAre che. 9 tujhuke jahAMgIrI I 415. Tr. by Rogers & Beveridge. For Private and Personal Use Only

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megala samaya pa3 daMtakathAo lakhelI che. 10 e pachI jahAMgIra lakhe che ke khaMbhAta jUnuM baMdara che ane hiMdustAnamAM sauthI moTuM baMdara gaNAya che. e pachI khaMbhAtanA akhAtanuM varNana Ave che. jahAMgIre khaMbhAtamAM karelo AnaMda jahAMgIre khaMbhAtamAM dasa divasa AnaMdamAM gALyA. e vakhate phiraMgIonAM ghaNAM vahANa mAla utAravA tathA navo mAla caDhAvavA AvelAM hatAM. e loke bAdazAhane pitAne bhAla goThavIne batAvyo. bIje divase bAdazAha jAte "dharAbaramAM besI11 dariyAnI saphare ekAda gAu sudhI gayA. tyAMthI pAchA vaLI cittAo laIne haraNanA zikAre gayA. nAraMgasara taLAvanI saphara paNa karI. tyAMthI pAchA vaLatAM zaheranI vacce thaI savArI pasAra thaI tyAre rastAmAM pAMca hajhAra rUpiyA veryA. gUjarAtanA sulatAnanA vakhatamAM baMdaranI jakAta bhAre hatI te jahAMgIre ghaTADIne cAlIse eka bhAga jeTalI karI.13 khaMbhAtamAM paDelA jahAMgIrazAhI sikkA A vakhate jahAMgIre hukama Ape ke sAmAnya mahAra karatAM bevaDA vajananA senAnA sikakA pADavA. A senAnA sikkA upara eka bAju "jahAMgIrazAhI 1027' (1918), ane bIjI bAju "rAjyArohaNane bAramA varSamAM khaMbhAyatamAM pADyo' e pramANenI chApa pADI. cAMdInA sikkA upara eka bAju "sikakA jahAMgIrazAhI 1027" ane enI AsapAsa goLAkAramAM "vijayI jahAMgIra bAdazAhe pADo', ane bIjI bAju "rAjyArohaNanA bAramA varSamAM khaMbhAyatamAM pADyo ema chApI, enI AsapAsa geLAkAramAM jyAre dakSiNano vijaya meLavI mAMDuthI gUjarAta AvyA tyAre evI chApa pADI. jahAMgIra kahe che ke pahelAM TUMkA trAMbAnA paDatA hatA te pote senAnA pADayA.14 jahAMgIrane khaMbhAtamAM maLavA AvelA prasiddha puruSe e vakhate khaMbhAta baMdarano mutsaddI amAnatakhAna hato. 15 eNe bAdazAhane najarANuM dharyuM ane 10 A daMtakathAo baMbAvatI ane khaMbhAvatI nagarI tathA khaMbhAtanuM datara thaeluM tene lagatI che, je agAu lakhI gayA chIe. e ja pR. 415-16. 11 gharAba e dezI vahANanI eka jAta che jene aMgrejImAM grab kahe che. aMgrejI zabada dezI gharAba uparathI nIkaLelo che. A vahANa malabAra bAjInuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. juo vasaMta rajata mahotsava aMkamAM gUjarAtanA vahANavaTAne A lekhakane lekha. 12 tujhuke jahAMgIrI. I. P. 417. AmAM mULamAM "tAla tAraMga" evA zabdo che. ene bhASAMtarakAra tAraMgasara lakhe che ane e nAraMgasara taLAva haze ema dhAre che, ane nIce dhamAM vaLI kalpanA kare che ke jahAMgIrane dariyAnA taraMga eTale meja jovAnI IcchA hatI tethI ema lakhyuM haze. bhASAMtarakAranI A kapanA arthahIna che. tAlane spaSTa artha taLAva che. dariyo jovAno ullekha jude karela che. 13 e ja pR. 417. ahIM jahAMgIra bI baMdaronI jakAtanuM varNana kare che ane gujarAtanA sulatAnanA vakhatamAM baMdaranI Avaka keTalI vadhI haze te jaNAve che. 14 e ja pR. 418. 15 e ja pR. 418. jahAMgIranA samayamAM AvelA aMgreja musApharo e vakhate khaMbhAtane sue muka bakhAna ho ema lakhe mail British Beginnings in Western India, Rawlinson, Oxford: p. 42 P4a Early Tra For Private and Personal Use Only

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54 mogala samaya enI manasaba jAtIkI 3000 ane 600 gheDesavAranI thaI. eka divase bAdazAhe narabakhta nAmanA hAthI upara besI ene ghaDAnI pAchaLa deDAvyo. A dasa divasa daramyAna eka divasa jahAMgIra bAdazAhe khaMbhAtanA vepArIo ane kArIgarone bolAvI darabAra bharI darekane tenA darajjA pramANe pizAka ane InAma vaheMcyAM. A divase mAM amadAvAdanA suprasiddha saMta zAhaAlama sAhebanA vaMzaja saiyada muhammada sAheba sajajAda (Sahib Sajjada), gvAlIaranA prasiddha saMta muhammada dhAsa sAhebanA putra ane amadAvAdamAM khAnapuramAM jemane suprasiddha reje che te vachauddIna alavI sAhebanA putra zekha haidara ane amadAvAdanA bIjA nAmAMkita puruSe amadAvAdathI khaMbhAta bAdazAhane AdarasatkAra karavA AvyA. tA. 30mI Disembara 1618ne roja bAdazAhI savArI khaMbhAtathI amadAvAda javA UpaDI. jahAMgIra lakhe che ke khaMbhAtano keTa akabaranA vakhatamAM ITacunAno mutsaddI kalyANarAye11 bAM hato ane eNe vyavasthA karyAthI ghaNuM vepArIo khaMbhAtamAM AvI vasyA hatA.17 ema kahevAya che ke jahAMgIre khaMbhAtamAM samudratIre AvelA sulatAna ahamadanA bAgamAM utAro karyo hato.18 aMgrejo ane khaMbhAta aMgrejo gUjarAtamAM vepAra karavAno prayatna karatA hatA te AgaLa joyuM. phiraMgIonI duzmanAvaTane lIdhe ghaNuM varSa e phAvyA nahi. jahAMgIranA samayamAM sara masa ra IMglaMDanA rAjA jemsanA elacI tarIke Ave. ghaNA prayatna karyA pachI bAdazAhI savArI amadAvAdamAM hatI tyAre hiMdustAnamAM chUTathI vepAra karavA aMgrejone paravAnagI maLI. sara Tomasa roe kAma mATe khaMbhAta javAnuM nakakI kareluM, paNa te kAma patI javAthI khaMbhAta AvI zakyo nahi.19 A vakhate subedArI mukabakhAnanI nahotI, paNa zAhajahAM-zAhajAdA khurramanI hatI ane vahIvaTa nurajahAMnA bhAI asaphakhAna hatA. khaMbhAta amAnatakhAnA tAbAmAM ja hatuM ane asaphakhAne e sago thato hato 20 vels in India, William Hawkins in 1608-13. (Oxford P. 63) A mukakarabakhAna AkhA gUjarAta cadama sube hato eTale khaMbhAtane ema paradezIoe mAnI lIdhuM haze. 16 tujhuke jahAMgIra bhA. 1, pR. 417, A jahAMgIrano pitAne ulalekha kalyANarAyane akabaranA samayamAM thayAnuM puravAra kare che. mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. pR. 157mAM A kalyANarAyane sulatAna mujhaphaphara kAThIAvADamAM nAse che tyAre je laDhAIo thAya che temAM eka vakhata vacce paDavAnuM lakhe che. akabarane e mATe amaladAra jaNAya che. 17 jahAMgIranI savArI khaMbhAtamAM dasa divasa rahI e mATe aitihAsika banAva hovA chatAM muMbaIgejheTIaranA lekhake enA upara dhyAna nathI ApyuM e navAI jevuM che. 18 A hakIkata phakta mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. 1, pR. 197mAM jaNAvelI che. sulatAna ahamadane bAga samudrane kAMThe Avelo hato ema ahamadI lakhe che. hAla e bAganuM nAmanizAna nathI. 19 jAo sara TaoNmasa rone surata grAmasa kaeNrija upara lakhelA patra. Journal: Embassy of Sir Tomas Roe: Sir William Foster, Oxford, P. 418. 20 e ja pR. 128 ane nedha. sara masa rAnI mAM khaMbhAtanA ghaNA ullekha che je vepAra ane phiraMgIo saMbaMdhInA hAI ane kAmanA nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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55 megala samaya. ema masa ronAM lakhANe uparathI samajAya che. mukabakhAna aMgreje tarapha sadbhAva rAkhato nahoto. sara Tomasa ronA AvyA pachI rAjya sAthe sArA saMbaMdha thayo ane suratamAM vaDI kaThI karI khaMbhAta amadAvAda vagere jagyAe zAkhAo karavAnuM nakakI thayuM. eka vakhata peInane elacI jahAMgIranI savArI amadAvAda hatI tyAre khaMbhAta AvyAnuM, ane sarasa ronI khaTapaTane lIdhe ene bAdazAhanI mulAkAta na maLyAnuM sara Tomasa lakhe che. aMgrejI kaThInI hakIkta vadhAre judA prakaraNamAM kahIzuM. megalAImAM khaMbhAta jahAMgIranA rAjyanAM zarUAtanAM varSamAM je thoDI muzkelI khaMbhAte anubhavI te pachI eka AkhI sadI sudhI khaMbhAtamAM koI khAsa duHkhano prasaMga banyo nathI. eno vepAra zAMtithI cAlyA karyo che. dariyAI vepAra divasedivase ocho thayo tenAM kAraNo kudaratI hatAM. akhAtano uparane bhAga vadhAre purAte gaye. rAjaputAnAmAM azAMtine lIdhe uttara hiMda sAthene khaMbhAtathI amadAvAda thaI ja rasto nakAmo thaye. dakSiNamAM satata cAlyA karatI laDAIone lIdhe bAdazAhI mukAma dakSiNa ane khAnadezamAM vadhAre thavA lAgyA. A badhAM kAraNothI surata dhImedhIme vadhatuM gayuM. Ama chatAM paNa I.sa. 1608mAM khaMbhAtano vepAra hiMdamAM sauthI vadhAre hato. phiraMgI lokonAM baso vahANa bArAmAM paDI rahetAM. valaMdA (Daca) lokee I.sa. 1617mAM kaThI karI. I.sa. 1613mAM aMgrejone hiMda sAthe vepAra karavAnI chUTa maLI. Isa. 1616 sudhImAM emaNe sArI jamAvaTa karI ra3 khaMbhAtamAMthI phiraMgIo (porTugIjha)nuM jora ochuM karyuM.24 megalAIne A zAMtine samaya ekaMdare khaMbhAtamAM paNa sAre pasAra thaze. A samayamAM paradezI musApharonAM khaMbhAtanAM varNana maLI Ave che. zAhajahAne samaya zAhajahAMnA samayamAM chavvIsamA subA zayastakhAnanA amalamAM khaMbhAtamAM alI akabara nAmane moTA vepArI hatA. ene bagadAda-basarA sAthe meTo vepAra hato. eNe keTalAka uttama arabI ghoDA khaMbhAta lAvI bAdazAhane mekalAvyA. eka lAla bahA (amUlya maNi) nAmane rUpiyA paMdara hajAranI kiMmatano ghoDe ghaNo pasaMda Avyo. AthI prasanna thaI bAdazAhe alI akabarane manasaba bAMdhI ApI khaMbhAtane mukhya amaladAra nImyo.25 A alI akabarane pAchaLathI koIe mArI nAkhyo tethI khaMbhAtanA mutsaddI tarIke muIjha ubhulkanI bIjIvAra nImaNuka thaI e lagabhaga nava 21 e ja pR. 454. kahe che ke elacI peInathI sIdho nahi paNa damaNathI Avyo hate. 22 DI lA vAle lakhe che ke Daca loe khaMbhAtamAM 1604mAM kaThI karelI ane 1670mAM baMdha thaI Bom, Gaz. VI Cambay, P. 219, N. 3. 23 Bom. Gaz. VI Cambay, P. 219. 24 Embassy of Sir Tomas Roe, P. 290. pArTugIjhAe laDAI karelI ane eka aMgreja chokarAne mArelo. A bAbata phariyAda amadAvAdathI mi. brAune sara Tomasa rone karI hatI ane subAe koTavAla mekalI phiraMgIone zahera bahAra kADhayA hatA. gejhaTIarane lekhaka A banAvane aMgrejoe porTugIjha kaDhAvI mukAvyA e sAmAnya arthane gaNe che. 25 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. 1, pR. 228-29. 26 e ja pR. 230, bIjI vAra nImaNuka thaI e batAve che ke alI akabara pahelAM muIjha ubhuTaka mutsadA haze. For Private and Personal Use Only

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megala samaya varSa sattA upara rahyo ane te pachI ene bhAI abdula latIpha e jagyA upara Avyo.27 jyAre zAhajahAM sAme enA putroe baLavo karyo tyAre zAhajAdo murAdAbakSa amadAvAdamAM hato. eNe zarApho pAsethI paisA bhegA karyA te pAchA ApavAnuM karAranAmuM karI ApyuM temAM khaMbhAtanI upajamAMthI deDha lAkha rUpiyA ApavAnuM TharAvyuM hatuM. 28 oraMgajhebane samaya auraMgajheba gujarAtano subo hato tyAre ene khaMbhAta AvavAno prasaMga prApta thaelo ke nahi tene ullekha maLyo nathI. auraMgajheba bAdazAha thayo tyAre enuM citta dakSiNanAM rAjya jItI levAmAM hovAthI gUjarAta ke khaMbhAtane lagatA moTA banAvo banyA nathI. eka vakhata koTavALane julama vadhI paDyA ane khaMbhAta baMdaranI evI dazA thaI ke tyAMnA ghaNA vepArIo pitAnAM raheThANa choDI bIje javA lAgyA ane kharIdI tathA vecANa dUranAM zahere ke jyAM ochI avyavasthA ane ocho trAsa hato tyAM jaI karavA lAgyA. A samAcAra uparathI bAdazAhe gUjarAtanI vyavasthA mATe eka lAMbu pharamAna bahAra pADI uparanI bInA mATe khAsa kalama temAM nAkhI.29 hI. saM. 1083 pachI pAMtrIsamA subA muhammada amInakhAnanA amalamAM naDiyAda tAbAnA ghoDavAlano vahIvaTa khaMbhAtanA mutsaddIne pAMcasonI manasabathI soMpavAmAM Avyo. bIje varSe mutsaddI latIphanI badalI karI khaMbhAtanI mutsaddIgIrI ane khaMbhAta corAzInI phojadArI muhammada hAzama nAmanA mANasane ApavA bAdazAhI pharamAna AvyuM.30 A banAva pachI sADatrIsamAM subA kAratabakhAna sujAatakhAnanA amalamAM khaMbhAtanA mutsaddI muhammada kAjimabeganuM nAma Ave che. khaMbhAtanA mutsaddIonAM nAmano anukrama maLI zakato nathI. kharIdInI jagyAe mahesula levAnuM bAdazAhI pharamAna AvavAthI khaMbhAta baMdaranI AvakamAM ghaTADo thayo ane mutsaddI muhammada kAjimabege bAdazAhane araja karI ke khAsa karIne mokhA baMdare jatA mAlanuM mahesula baMdaramAM levAno rivAja khaMbhAta baMdara AbAda thayuM tyArano cAlyo Ave che jyAre hAlamAM jyAM jyAM kharIdI thAya tyAM mahesula levAnuM karavAthI mahesulamAM ghaNe goTALo thAya che. mATe asalano rivAja cAlu karavA mATe vinati karI hatI. 31 27 e ja pR. 242. muijha umuka hI.saM. 1057mAM nImA ane abdula latIpha 1066mAM nImA. 28 e ja pra. 246. khAphIkhAna manasukhabulubAbamAM (Iniot VI. 238) lakhe che ke auraMgajhebanI sAme thavA mATe dArA zikohe lazkara, paisA vagere gujarAtamAMthI bheguM karyuM te vakhate tenA nImelA mANasoe surata, bharUca ane khaMbhAta tAbe kayAM hatAM. 29 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 272. batrIsamA subA mahebatakhAna upara A pharamAna AveluM che ane bAdazAhI pharamAnomAM lAMbA kamAna tarIke gaNAya che. 30 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. 1, pR. 299300. ghaDavAlane mutsaddI latIphane dIkaro hato ane te badalAyAthI latIpha khaMbhAtamAM hatuM tene tenI jagyA maLI ema A lakhANa uparathI samajAya che (!). latIphanI badalI bAdazAhe khaMbhAta baMdaranI hakIkata jANIne karI ema lakhe che. zI hakIkata uparathI badalI karI te lakhyuM nathI. muhammada hAzamane 1084-85mAM khaMbhAtanI mutsaddIgIrI maLI. 1 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. 1, 353-54. A bAbata zo nirNaya hajuramAMthI Ave te spaSTa thatuM nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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57. megala samaya amadAvAdanA subAnA dIvAna upara eka hukama evo paNa Avyo hato ke samudrakAMThe rahelA lazkarane mATe khaMbhAta baMdare eka lAkha maNa anAja mekalavuM. paraMtu A lazkara keTaluM ane thANuM kyAM, tathA lazkara dariyAI ke khuzkInuM te spaSTa thatuM nathI. A vakhate khaMbhAtanA mutsaddInA julamanI phariyAda subA muhammada AjamazAha upara javAthI eNe arajIo bAdazAhane mokalI ApI. e uparathI hukama Avyo ke bIjApuranI phojadArI uparathI utArI nAkhelA khAjA abadula hamIdakhAnane khaMbhAta baMdaranI mutsaddIgIrI ApavI. A hukama AvatAM pahelAM subA zAhajAdA AjamakhAne etamAdakhAne mutsaddInI jagyA ApI hatI ane e nimaNUka bAdazAhe kAyama rAkhI.33 manDekalee kareluM varNana megala rAjyanA arasAmAM menDello nAmane jarmana musAphara gUjarAtamAM Avelo. eNe gujarAtanAM zaheronuM sAruM varNana karyuM che. I.sa. 1638nA oNkaTobara mahinAnI tA. 21mIe amadAvAdathI e thoDo vakhata khaMbhAta Avyo hato. A vakhate mogala sattA jAmelI hovA chatAM amadAvAdathI khaMbhAta sudhIne rasto cora tathA lUMTAranA bhaya vALo hato ane menDesso ATha hathIArabaMdha cekIAtanI sAthe Avyo hato. AvA cekIAta ATha rUpiyAmAM amadAvAdathI khaMbhAta sudhI mUkI jatA. khaMbhAtamAM ene valaMdA ane aMgrejone eka vANiyo dalAla maLe. e ene zaheramAM laI gaye. e dalAlane porTugIjha bhASA AvaDatI hatI. menDelo khaMbhAtanA rastA ane gharanuM upara AvI gaelA musApharonI peThe varNana kare che. zahera surata karatAM ghaNuM moTuM hatuM. ahIMnA vepArIo moTe bhAge hiMdu hatA ane acIna (sumAtrA), dIva, mevA, makA, IrAna vagere deze sAthe maTe vepAra karatA. dalAla menDelone zaheranI bahAra laI gayo tyAM lagabhaga paMdara bagIcA joyA. A badhA bagIcA lokopayogI hatA. emAM dariyAkinAre AvelA eka bAganAM te e hadapAra vakhANa kare che. e vakhate khaMbhAtamAM eka satI thaelI enuM varNana paNa eNe kareluM che. e vakhate mIrajhAMga nAmanA eka moTA vepArIne menDesso maLavA jAya che ane sAmasAmI bheTa Ape che. A prasaMga upara potAnI nityanoMdhamAM e musAphara hiMdI lokonA vivekanAM mukta kaMThe vakhANa kare che.38 I.sa. 1666mAM Avelo theno nAmano musAphara khaMbhAtanA koTanuM 3ra e ja pR. 370, khaMbhAta AgaLa mogala lazkarano ullekha A samayamAM A pahelo che. enuM kAraNa tavArIkhakAre spaSTa lakhyuM nathI. A banAva ADatrIsamA subA zAhajAdA muhammada AjamazAhanA vakhatane che. 33 e ja pR. 372. 38 Mandelslo's Travels in Western India: Commissariat, Chap. V P. 41. 35 e ja pR. 41, Baldaeus nAmane musAphara 1680mAM Avelo te paNa khaMbhAta surata karatAM meTuM ema lakhe che. (Bom. Gaz. VI. 219. N. 5) ejIlmI suratathI khaMbhAtane bamaNuM kahe che. 36 e ja pU. 42. laMbANanI khAtara e varNana cheDI dIdhuM che upayogI nathI. 37 e ja pR. 43-44. meDelo satI jevA gaelo ane satIe alaMkAra kADhI vaheMcatI vakhate eka alaMkAra enA upara nAkhelo te e jarmana musAphare sAcavI rAkhela hate. 38 e ja pR. 45. maravAkara meMnDeghalo ATaluM varNana kare che, paNa khaMbhAtano kaTa paththarane hato ema lakhe che e bhUla che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAgala samaya 58 varNana kare che. kATa cAra vAma UMcA hatA, zaheranI bahAra ghaNA suMdara bagIcA hatA, ema A musAphara paNa sAkSI pUre che. TUrnIare kareluM varNana OMvarnIara nAmanA musAphare paNa e ja arasAmAM hiMdustAnanuM sArUM varNana kareluM che. e lakhe che ke amadAvAda javA mATe bharUcathI khaMbhAta AvIne javAnA rastA sahelA che, chatAM te sahIsalAmata na heAvAthI vaDAdarA thaine javuM ThIka paDe che. khaMbhAtanA kATathI dirayA dADha mAIla jeTale dUra jatA rahyA hatA ane meTAM vahANA nava mAIlathI najIka AvI zakatAM nahi. khaMbhAtanI najIka sarakhejanA jevI sArI gaLI pAkatI. porTugIjha leAkeA khaMbhAtamAM vadhAre pramANamAM hatA tyAre vepAra ane vahANA tathA musApharAnI avarajavara hatI. e lAke dariyAkAMThe meTAM makAne bAMdhyAM hatAM ane TaeNvaara AvyA tyAre badhuM paDatara rahI paDI gayuM hatuM (1662-66).39 khaMbhAtathI traNa kAsa dUra eka devaLamAM namra mUrtio hatI enuM varNana varbIara laMbANathI kare che.40 e pachI turata AvelA musAphara (1670) AgilbI khaMbhAtanA kATa ane bAra daravAjAnuM varNana kare che ane zahera surata karatAM evaDuM hatuM ema lakhe che. daravAjA rAja rAtre baMdha thatA. rastA dhaNA sArA hatA. vacamAM traNa meTAM bajArA hatAM. paMdara mATA bagIcA ane cAra taLAvA hatAM, temAM AkhuM varSa pANI rahetuM. dhara kAMIka IMTA ane kAMIka paththaranAM bAMdhelAM hatAM. A dhara IMgleMDamAM navAM gaNAya paNa hiMdamAM sArAmAM sArAM gaNAya tevAM hatAM.41 sattaramI sadInA aMtamAM AvelA ITAlIana musAphara jemelI kererI (Jemelli Careri) lakhe che ke khaMbhAtanI purANI jAheAjalAlI ochI thaI gaI hatI chatAM e meATuM ane dhanavAna zahera hatuM.42 auraMgajheba bAdazAhanA maraNa pachI aDhAramI sadInI zarUAtathI dezamAMnI avyavasthA, dilhInI sattAnI nirmaLatA ane marAThAonI caDhAithI thatI pAyamAlIne lIdhe gujarAtanAM zaherAnI paDatI thavA mAMDe che. enI asara khaMbhAtane paNa thAya che. aMgrejo sivAya khIjA paradezIo peAtAnI kAThIe kADhI nAkhe che. dariyAI vepAranuM kendra khaMbhAtamAMthI echuM thaI suratamAM thayuM hatuM te baMne have paDatI anubhave ane emane bhAge muMbAI vadhe che. enI pahelAM ane pachI AvelA musApharI kATa IMTacunAnA hatA ema spaSTa lakhe che ane te kharU che. 39 'Tavernier's Travels P. 54. 40 e pU. 54. A maMdira konuM ane kyAM te samajI zakAtuM nathI, mUrti Apollo jevI hatI ema lakhe che. A maMdiramAM dharaDI vezyAe paisA kamAi nAnI che.karIe kharIdI temane nAcagAna zIkhavI agIAra bAra varasanI thAya tyAre lAvatI, ane maMdirane arpaNa karatI jethI temanuM nasIba sudhAre ! A vicitra vAta zAne lAgu paDeche ane gUjarAtamAM AvuM maMdira kyAM hatuM te kAMi samajI zakAtuM nathI, zuM devadAsI jevuM gujarAtamAM kAMI haze ? 41 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 219-20. 42 e ja pR. 220. A musAphara khaMbhAtanI paDatInuM kAraNa akhAta purAyA te ane porTugIjhanA amala gayA te ema mAne che. AmAM paheluM kAraNa kharU paNa bIjuM khATuM che. pArTugIjhAe kadI khaMbhAta kabaje kareluM nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAgala samaya megalAinI paDatI dazAmAM khaMbhAtanI sthiti auraMgajhebanA maraNa bAda ekAda dasakA pachI khaMbhAtanA itihAsamAM navuM prakaraNa zarU thAya che eTale e bAbata navA prakaraNamAM ja joIzuM. ahIM teA aDhAramI sadInI zarUAtanA pahelA e dasakA viSe TUMkAmAM joI A prakaraNa badha karIe. auraMgajhebanA maraNa pachI zAhajAdo zAhaAlama bahAdurazAhu dilhInA takhta upara kheThA. enA amalamAM gujarAtanA cAlIsamA subA gAjhIuddIna khahAdura kiAjhajaMganI sukhAgIrImAM khaMbhAtanA mutsaddI amAnatakhAnanI badalI thaI ane aMtamAdakhAnane e jagyA maLI.43 e eka varasa rahyA pachI saiyada hasanaullAkhAnane e jagyA maLI.44 A amaladAre zaheramAM eka mahela baMdhAvyA hatA ane enA kATamALanAM nANAM vepArIone echAM ApI keTalAka lAkaDasAmAna baMdaranI kacerImAM sarakArI hatA te uThAvyA hatA. A badhuM tathA ArasanI zilAo amadAvAda mAkalI hatI te zekhaabdula vahAkhe reAkI hatI evA samAcAra khaMbhAtanA halakArAe bAdazAhane lakhyA tethI saiyada hasanaullAkhAnane bAdazAhanI hajhuramAM pakaDI lAvavAnA hukama thayeA.45 te pachI krUkhazIara bAdazAhanA rAjyamAM teMtAlIsamA subA dAudakhAna panInA amalamAM A hasanullAkhAnane badalavAmAM AvyeA ema samajAya che; ane enI jagyA saiyada akIlakhAnane ApavAmAM AvI.46 A saiyada akIlakhAnane kArabhAra mirAte ahamadInA kartAnA pitA karatA hatA, eTale ahamadIkAra ane enA pitAe khaMbhAtanA kArabhAra karelA che. emane eka vakhata khaMbhAta cheADavuM paDeluM tyAre prajA taraphathI emane bahu mAna maLeluM evA te lokapriya hatA. A samaya daramyAna khaMbhAta upara rajaputA ane kALI leAkeAnI lUTa paDatI. vepArarAjagAra paDI bhAMgavA AvyA hatA. sAmanAtha pATaNanA cAMciyA paNa bahu nukasAna karatA. zaheranA koTa sudhI dhADa paDatI. kaiAIvAra zaheranI aMdara paNa lUMTa thatI. I.sa. 1716mAM khaMbhAta amadAvAda vaccenA vahepAra e kArathI baMdha thaI gayA hatA. te vakhate khaMbhAta ane suratanA mutsaddI haidara kulIkhAna je khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa peAtAnA mANasa rAkhIne karatA teNe vIsa hajhAranuM lazkara mekaleluM paNa te lazkara kAMI karI zakayuM niha. be mahinA rahI thAkeluM lazkara surata pAchuM gayuM.47 aDhAramI sadInI pahelI vIzI besatAM khaMbhAta saMsthAnanA svataMtra navAbanA kulane udaya Adhe kSitijamAM dekhAvA mAMDe che ane khaMbhAtanA itihAsa navuM svarUpa le che. 59 43 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. 1, pR. 405, A etamAdakhAna raMgajheba bAdazAhanA chellA vakhatamAM AvI gaele te ja ke bIjo te ahamadI kAre spaSTa karyuM nathI, For Private and Personal Use Only 44 e ja pR. 408. A pheraphArInuM kAraNa ApyuM nathI. 45 e ja pR. 410. A mahela khaMbhAtamAM bAMdhyA ke amadAvAdamAM e spaSTa nathI. chatAM sAmAna amadAvAda meAkalyAnuM lakhyuM che ane ahamadI kAra 'zahera' zabda ekaleA kakta amadAvAdane mATe ja vApare che, te uparathI hasanullAkhAna amadAvAdane haze ema samajAya che. e khaMbhAtanA mutsaddI tA phakta nImAeleA. 46 mirAte ahamadI pR. 427,hasanuDhDhAkhAnane bAdazAhanI hajUramAM belAnyAnuM AgaLa AvyA chatAM ene amala lakhAye jaNAya che, enuM kAraNa khuda dilhImAM ghaNI khaTapaTa hatI. ane navA bAdazAhane amala thayeA hateA te hAvuM joie. 47 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 220.

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AYSUN enero prakaraNa AThamuM svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA rAjakuTuMba TV bhAtanA svataMtra rAjavaMzanA vaMzakartA mirajhAM jAphara najamuddalAnA vaDavAo mULa IrAnanA ja vatanI, ziyA saMpradAyanA ane tyAMnA najama-IzanI kuTuMbanA hatA. IrAnanA zAha IsmAIla saphavInA sAta pradhAnamAMnA ekane (I.sa. 1500) emanuM peDhInAmuM jaI maLe che. I.sa. 1723thI 1730mAM mubArijha-ula-mulka sarabulaMdakhAnanI subAgIrImAM garIba sthitimAM e gUjarAta AvyA ane subAe emane peTalAdane vahIvaTa saMyo. e arasAmAM mirajhAM jApharanuM lagna (I.sa. 1725) IrAnanA dahemI rAjAonA vaMzaja momInakhAna dahelamInI putrI sAthe thayuM; eTale mAtA ane pitA baMne bAjuthI khaMbhAtanuM rAjakuTuMba IrAnanA prasiddha khAnadAnamAMthI UtarI AveluM che. vaMzakartA najamuddalAnA sasarA memAnakhAna dahelI subA mubArijha-ula-mulkanI lAgavagathI mirajhAM jApharane gujarAtanI bakSIgIrI maLI hatI. emanA sasarA momInakhAna dahelamIne e ja amIranI lAgavagathI I.sa. 1714mAM surata ane khaMbhAtanI mutsaddIgIrI ane vaDodarA, bharUca, dhoLakA, peTalAda ane naDiyAdano vahIvaTa maLyAM hatAM. A badhI jagyAe memInakhAna dahemI pratinidhio mUkI pote surata rahetA. Isa. 171pa-16mAM gujarAtanI subedArI mahArAjA ajitasiMhane maLavAthI momInakhAnanI jagyA gaI hatI, paNa traNa ja varasamAM emaNe e pAchI meLavelI ane te vakhate marAThAonA humalAoe karelI avyavasthAno lAbha laI eka vakhata svataMtra thavAnuM paNa dhAreluM. ajitasiMhanA badalAyA pachI pharI ekavAra momInakhAne sattA gumAvI hatI; paNa I.sa. 17raramAM Asapha jahA nijhAmulamukanI subAgIrI vakhate suratanA mutsaddInI jagyA pharI hAtha karI. A vakhate momInakhAne pIlAjI gAyakavADano surata upara hallo pAcho kADhavA prayatna karyo paNa temAM phateha na maLI. eTalAmAM mubArijha-ula-mulka karI sattAmAM AvatAM momInakhAnane dIvAnagIrI maLI. e vakhate gUjarAtanI dIvAnagIrI uparAMta khaMbhAtano vahIvaTa momInakhAne be varasa potAne hAtha rAkhyo, ane e ja arasAmAM (1725) mirajhAM jAphara sAthe pitAnI putrIno lagnasaMbaMdha karyo. 2 Bom. Gaz. VI Cambay P. 221-222, 2 e ja pR. 222, neTa 1, mIrAte ahamadI paNa lakhe che ke mamInakhAne suratanA amala daramyAna pIlAjI sAthe laDAI karI temAM pIlAjIne vijaya thayo, jyAre emane subAnA dIvAnanI jagyA maLI tyAre suratanI jagyA rUratamaalIkhAnane sapI, A vakhate mubArijha-ula-mukanI sukhAgIrImAM rUstamaalIkhAnane bhAI sujAatakhAna nAyaba sube ha; tyAre paNa dIvAnI momInakhAnanI hatI. ahamadInA lakhANa uparathI samajAya che ke mubArijha-ula-mulaka sAthe saMbaMdha ThIka hovA chatAM mAmInakhAne tenA pratispardhI mahArAja ajitasiha sAthe paNa saMbaMdha rAkhe hato. (gu. bhA.ka. me, jha. kRta) For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA mogalAIna chellA divasomAM dilhInI sattAnI gUjarAtamAM dhImedhIme evI paDatI thatI gaI ke khaMbhAta svataMtra saMsthAna kayA varSamAM thayuM te nakkI thatuM nathI. paraMtu I.sa. 1725mAM momInakhAna dahelamIno saMbaMdha mirajhAM jAphara najamuddalA sAthe thayo, ane emane gujarAtanI dIvAnI tathA khaMbhAta ane suratanI mutsaddIgIrI maLI te vakhate khaMbhAta upara temaNe khAsa najara rAkhI hatI ema jaNAya che. momInakhAnanuM bharaNuM khaMbhAtamAM I.sa. 1728mAM thayuM ane e vakhate mirajhAM jAphara bakSIgIrI upara hovAthI khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa paNa emanA hAthamAM Avyo. eTale 1720thI 1730 sudhImAM khaMbhAtanA svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanAno pAyo naMkhAvA prayatna cAlu hatA ane 1730 lagabhagamAM e pAyo nakhAI gayo ema mAnI zakAya. rAThAonA halA mAmInakhAna dahelamInA svargavAsa pachI be varasa sudhI peTalAda najamuddalAnA tAbAmAM rahyuM. e arasAmAM (1730) pezvA bAjIrAva pahelAnA bhAI cImanAjI ApAe khaMbhAtanI traNa lAkha rUpiyAnI cethanI mAgaNI karI. traNa varSa pachI marAThAoe pharIthI paNa mAgaNI karelI. A mAgaNIone lIdhe prajAne eTalo trAsa veThavo paDelo ke khaMbhAtamAMthI ghaNuM zarApho ane vepArIo dukAno baMdha karIne jatA rahyA ane vepArane ghaNuM nukasAna thayuM. ahamadIno lekhaka lakhe che ke khaMDerAvano putra graMbakarAva je sAbaramatIne kAMThe lazkara laI pADyo hato tene marAThAo ane rUstamaalIkhAna (suratavALo) vaccenI laDAImAM rUstamaalI bharAyAnI khabara paDI, eTale sAbaramatI AgaLathI UpaDI teNe khaMbhAtane ghero ghAlyo. evAmAM marAThAomAM mAMhomAMhe jIo thayo temAM traMbakarAva bharAyo ane lazkara vIkharAI gayuM. A banAvathI khaMbhAta bacI gayuM. mirajhAM japhara najamuhalA surata ane khaMbhAtanA mutsadI I.sa. 1730mAM mirajhAM jAphara najamuddAlAne subA sAthe kAMI gerasamaja thavAthI dilhI javuM paDayuM. tyAM temane sAro AdarasatkAra thayo ane navA subA mahArAjA abhesiMga sAthe gujarAta pAchA AvI mubArijha-ula-mulka sAthe samAdhAna karAvavAmAM emaNe subAne sArI madada karI. gujarAtanI bakSIgIrI ane khaMbhAtano vahIvaTa e kAraNathI emane maLyo hato, ane khaMbhAtanI dekharekha emaNe pitAnA pitrAI bhAI phidAuddInakhAnane soMpI ane peTalAda pite kabaje rAkhyuM. eTalAmAM subA sAthe vAMdha paDavAthI peTalAda cheDavuM paDayuM. Isa. 1733mAM mullAM muhammadaalInA bakheDAne lIdhe mirajhAM jAkarane surata javAne hukama Avyo ane khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa tegabegakhAnane meMpavAmAM 3 Bom. Gaz. VI P.222. noMdhamAM lakhe che ke silekazanane lekhaka barTasana Isa. 1726mAM maraNa lakhe che. kahe che ke 1812 sudhI kabarane lekha jovAmAM Avato hato. 4 Bom. Gaz. VI P. 222. pa ahamadI. gu. bhA. (ku. me. jha.) Bom. Gaz. VJ P. 222. For Private and Personal Use Only

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2 svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA AvyA. e vakhate mirajhAM jApharane kiMmatI pozAka ane eka hAthaNI bheTa maLI. A vakhate mirajhAM jApharanA hAthamAM khaMbhAta svataMtra jevuM hatuM ema gaNAya.' bhaMDArI ane memInakhAna vacce aNabanAva mahArAjA abhesiMhe gUjarAtanI subedArI potAnA pratinidhi ratanasiMha bhaMDArInI mAraphate calAvI. bhaMDArIne ane momInakhAnane banAvI rahyo nahi. bhaMDArIne kArabhAra prajAmAM paNa apriya thaI paDyo hato. momInakhAne bhaMDArInA hukamano anAdara karavA mAMDaze. vaDodare jaI marAThAone hAMkI kADhavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM tyAre mAmInakhAne e zahera marAThAonA hAthamAM javA dIdhuM. I.sa. 1735mAM subAne vahema paDyo ke mInakhAna vIramagAmano kabajo apAvavA mATe sorAbakhAnane madada kare che. ethI bhaMDArIe ene pakaDavAno nizcaya karyo. bhaMDArI ane momInakhAna vacce saMbaMdha eTalo bagaDI gayo ke momInakhAnane pitAne bhaMDArI mArI naMkhAvaze evo vahema paDavAthI khaMbhAta cAlyA javuM paDayuM. A vakhate amadAvAdanA prasiddha zeTha khuzAlacaMdane bhaMDArI sAthe aNabanAva thavAthI te paNa khaMbhAta AvIne rahyA, ane tyAMthI junAgaDha gayA.11 I.sa. 1734mAM vaDodarA upara pIlAjInA bhAI mahAdajI gAyakavADe tyAMnA phojadAra zerakhAna bAbInI gerahAjarImAM caDAI karI. e vakhate zerakhAnane madada karavA mAmInakhAna upara hukama Avyo. mAmInakhAnanA AvatA pahelAM zerakhAnanuM lazkara hAryuM ane momInakhAnane laDavuM DahApaNabhareluM na lAgavAthI teNe khaMbhAta pAchA javAnuM nakkI karyuM.12 bhaMDArI sAthenA aNabanAvamAM A eka vadhAre kAraNa umerAyuM. bIje varSe dAmAjI gAyakavADanA pratinidhi raMgoLane kaMtAjI je gujarAtamAM hato tenI sAthe laDAI thaI. emAM kaMtAjI ANaMda pAse mAryo gayo. momInakhAna raMganI sAme thavA peTalAda sudhI AvelA temane khaMbhAta pAchA javuM paDayuM ane raMgojI sAthe salAha thaI temAM mahI nadInI uttaranA pradezanI cotha ApavAnuM kabulAyuM.13 e pachI bIje varSe (I.sa. 1726) raMgejI dhoLakA vagere lUMTI AgaLa vadhato hato tene viramagAma pAse bhaMDArIe harAvyo ane tyAMthI e paDavaNaja tarapha nATho. A vakhate ratanasiMha bhaMDArIe mAmInakhAnanI madada mATe kahevaDAvyuM, paNa teNe vilaMba karyo.14 A kAraNothI momInakhAnane bhaMDArI 7 ahamadI. gu. sA. (.ma.) ahamadIkAra suratanI mutsaddIgIrI maLI ema lakhe che. gejheTIarane lekhaka khaMbhAta tega. bakhtakhAnane soMpAyuM ema lakhe che. paNa ahamadI tegabegakhAna lakhe che ane e kha lAge che. 8 Bom. Gaz. VI P. 222. 9 e ja pR. 223. 2. Bom. Gaz. VI P. 223 & Bom. Gaz. I. Part I P. 316 His. of Guj. 241 Hi igi24 H1214 khAnane pakaDavAne vicAra karyo hato ema lakhyuM che. 11 mirAte ahamadI. gu. bhA. (ka.ma.) ane Bom.Gaz.I.I.P. 33. His. Guj. A amadAvAdanA nagarazeTha hatA, 12 Bom. Gaz. I. I. 315. 13 e ja pR. 316. 14 e ja pR. 317. Bom. Gaz. VI P. 223. mirAte ahamadI, gu. bhA. (. mo.) ahIM A traNe AdhAragraM mAM saheja kera che. khaMbhAta AgaLa laDAI thaelI ane momInakhAnane zaheramAM cAlyA javuM paDeluM te kharuM jaNAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA sAthe saMbaMdha te vadhAre bagaDaze, paNa zerakhAna bAbI sAthe paNa thaDe bagaDo khare. ratanasiMha bhaMDArIe peTalAda, naDiyAda ane arahara mAtara paragaNune vahIvaTa momInakhAna pAsethI laI laIne zerakhAna bAbIne ApavA karAvyuM. A vAtanI momInakhAnane khabara paDavAthI sAmA thavA mATe peTalAdane bacAva karavA teNe taiyArI karI ane khaMbhAtamAM rahI rAha jovA mAMDI. ratanasiMhe lazkara laI zerakhAnane madada karavA mATe khaMbhAta javAnuM nakkI karyuM.15 memInakhAnane gujarAtanI sukhAgIrI maLe che e vakhate (I.sa. 1737mAM) mahArAjA abhesiMga subAnuM mAna dilhImAM bAdazAhI darabAramAM ochuM thayuM. bhaMDArIthI amadAvAdanA vepArIo trAsI gayA hatA. vepArarojagAra aTakI gayA hatA ane bAdazAhanI hajUramAM pharIAdo gaI hatI. momInakhAne paNa bhaMDArI virUddha pharIAdo lakhI. emAM bhaMDArI potAne pAyamAla karavA prayatna karato hato ane ema karavAmAM zerakhAna bAbIne hoLInuM nALiyera banAvato hato ema lakhyuM hatuM. amIrUla-umarA je mahArAjA upara vizvAsa rAkhato hato tene have mahArAjA abhesiMga sAthe aNabanAva thayo hato. eNe momInakhAnane gUjarAtanI subAgIrI levA jaNAvyuM ane momInakhAne hA pADI. e uparathI bAdazAhI pharamAnathI memAnakhAna najamuddalA momInakhAna bahAdura phirojhajaMga' e khitAbathI gujarAtanA 54mA subA nimAyA. (I.sa. 1737) ane bhaMDArIne kADhI subedArIno hoddo saMbhALI levAnI yukti omAM guMthAyA.17 emInakhAna amadAvAda kabaje karavA taiyArI kare che kharI rIte ahIMthI momInakhAnanI kArakIrdi ekalA khaMbhAtane lagatI ja nahi paNa AkhA gUjarAtanA itihAsane lagatI thAya che.18 bAdazAhI pharamAna je AvyuM hatuM te mAmInakhAne ekadama bahAra pADayuM nahi. emane vicAra mAravADIone gabharATamAM nAkhavAne hato. pahelAM vaDanagaranA gejheTIaranA gujarAtanA ItihAsamAM laDAI mATe spaSTa na lakhatAM khaMbhAta javAnI pharaja paDI ema lakhyuM che. ahamadI lakhe che ke mamInakhAnanI pothI raMgachanA lazkaramAM bhaMgANa paDavuM, paNa Akhare salAha thaI. kahe che ke A vakhate raMge chanI mahemAnagIrI karavAne momInakhAne 3La karyo, paNa laDAI aTakI nahi. gejheTIarane gu. ItihAsane lekhaka A vakhate mAmInakhAne svataMtra thavA yatna karyo ema lakhe che. e uparathI I.sa. 1736 sudhI paNa pUrNa svataMtratA nahi hoya. 15 mirAte ahamadI. gu, bhA. (ka. ma.) Bom. Gaz. VI. 223. 8 I. I. 318. 14 Bom. Gaz. I. I. P. 318. 17 Bom. Gaz. I. Part I. P. 318. gejheTIaramAM A hakIkta TUMkAmAM ApI che. uparanuM varNana ahamadImAMthI lIvu che. ahI gu. nA itihAsanuM gejhaTIara ane bhAga mAM ApeluM khaMbhAtanuM gejhaTIara phirejha jaMga IlakAba lakhe che. ahamadImAM dilAvara jaMga" lakhyuM che. dilAvara jaMgano IlakAba pAchaLathI maLe che, tethI pahelAM phirojha jaMgane maLyo haze ema jaNAya che. 18 momInakhAnanI ane e pachI momInakhAna bIjAnI ghaNI vigato AkhA gujarAtane lagatI che. paraMtu A itihAsa khaMbhAta sarathAna sAthe khaMbhAtanA rAjakuTuMbane paNa che, eTale mAmInakhAnanI khaMbhAta bahAranI pravRttinuM varNana asthAne nathI. joke khaMbhAtane lagatuM vistArathI ane bIjuM bahu TUMkAmAM ApyuM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA phojadAra javAMmardakhAnane pATaNa nImavAnuM vacana ApI potAnA pakSamAM lIdhe. eNe pATaNamAMthI subAnA nAyaba pahArakhAnane kADhayo ane pharamAnanI nakala amadAvAdanA dIvAna ane kAjI upara mokalI ApI. zerakhAna bAbI nivRtta thaI vADAsInera jato rahyo. have momInakhAne amadAvAdane kabaje laI bhaMDArIne kADhavA prayatna karavA mAMDyo. raMgejI e vakhate khaMbhAtanI najIka lazkara sAthe hato tene maLavA bolAvyo, ane bhaMDArIne kADhavA madadanI mAgaNuM karI. raMgejIe badalAmAM amadAvAda zahera ane havelI paragaNuM, tathA khaMbhAta baMdaranI Avaka sivAya gUjarAtanI tamAma AvakamAM aradho bhAga mAgyo je momInakhAne kabUla karyo. have momInakhAnane bAdazAha taraphathI gUjarAtanA subAnA padanuM pharamAna maLyuM che e vAtanI jyAre bhaMDArIne khabara paDI tyAre eNe mahArAjAne A badhI hakIkata lakhI ane memAnakhAnane kahevaDAvyuM ke dilhIthI samAcAra Ave tyAM sudhI AgaLa vadhavuM nahi. dilhIthI mahArAjA abhesiMga taraphathI evA samAcAra AvyA ke bane tyAM sudhI momInakhAnanI sAmA thavuM ane zaherano kabajo soMpavo nahi. A samAcAra sAMbhaLI momInakhAne lazkara taiyAra karyuM. potAnA kAkAnA chokarA phidAuddInakhAnane kArabhArI nIo, bhAInA chokarA muhammada momInane bakSI, ane muhammada jhamAnabegane tapakhAnAno darogo nImI javAMmardakhAnane lazkara laI AvI maLavA lakhyuM.19 amadAvAdane ghera A badhuM lazkara taiyAra karI momInakhAne khaMbhAtamAMthI nIkaLI zahera bahAra nAraMgasara taLAva upara paDAva nAkhyo. momInakhAnanA topakhAnAmAM che te zAhajahAMnI pAkA visa zeranA goLA pheke tevI hatI. e te mahArAjAe pitAne mATe suratathI kharIdelI, te vahANamAM khaMbhAta AvI ane momInakhAne tene IzvarI madada samajI kabaje karI mahArAjA sAme ja vAparavA mATe lIdhI. raMgejI sAthe je karAra thayA hatA te pAkA karavA potAnA zikAra (dIvAna ane vakIla banenuM kAma kare te amaladAra) vajerAmane raMgejInA vizvAsu mANasa sAthe dAmAjI gAyakavADa pAse mokalyA. eTalAmAM samAcAra AvyA ke bhaMDArI upara mahArAjAne saMdezo Avyo che ke bAdazAhe mahArAjAnI subAgIrI pharIthI bahAla rAkhI che. te sAthe momInakhAna upara amIra-ula-umarAna khAnagI kAgaLa Avyo ke saMjogone vaza thaI jAheramAM game te Ave, paNa asala nizcaya kAyama rAkhI amadAvAdane mAravADIonA hAthamAMthI choDAvavuM. A uparathI momInakhAne khaMbhAtathI UpaDI sojItre jaI tyAMthI kheDA AvI varasAdane lIdhe tyAM mahine eka paDAva nAkhyo. mahArAjAe e 19 mirAte ahamadI. gu. bhA. (u. me. jha.) ane Bom. Gaz. I... His. Guj. P. 318. gejheTIaramAM gujarAtanA ItihAsane lekhaka momInakhAne raMgejI sAthe karelI salAha ane madadanA badalAne gujarAtamAM mogala sattAne moTI hAni 15 mAne che ane e bhUla je memInakhAne na karI hota te gujarAtamAM megala sattAne ekadama aMta na Avata ane marAThA ekadama sattAmAM na Avata. A bAbata carcA AgaLa karIzuM. A bAbatamAM momInakhAna upara bAdazAhI pharamAna AveluM te ahamadImAM ApeluM che. temAM marAThAo sAthe samaya pramANe vartavA lakheluM che. uparanA banAvo ahamadImAM vadhAre vistAra thI paNa saheja ADAavaLA goThavelA lAge che, je gejheTIara sAthe meLavIne ahIM ApyA che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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le (1) nArezvara taLAva (2) lAla daravAjA (3) lAla bAga For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA 65 daramyAna bAdazAha pAse khaMbhAta pAchA javA mATe momInakhAna upara khAsa hukama kaDhAvyo. paNa pharI amIra-ula-umarAnI salAhane mAna ApI mAmInakhAne nizcaya kAyama rAkhyo ane kheDethI kUca karI amadAvAda bahAra kAMkariyA taLAva upara jaI paDAva nAkhyo. bhaMDArInA trAsathI amadAvAda kaMTALI gayuM hatuM. A caDAIne samAcAra sAMbhaLI je vepArIo mAla laI zaheramAMthI nIkaLyA temane momInakhAne dazAMza jakAta laI sahIsalAmata jyAM javuM hatuM tyAM pahoMcADyA, ane mAravADIonuM gherAeluM lazkara bahAra nIkaLI khetaronA pAka lUMTatuM hatuM teno baMdobasta karI lUMTanArAone pakaDavyA. evAmAM bAdazAha taraphathI bIjuM pharamAna AvyuM ane emAM mahArAjAne subAnA pada upara kAyama karyAnuM tathA bhaMDArIne badale kAmacalAu abhayakaraNa paTAvatane nImyAnuM lakhyuM hatuM. bAdazAhI hukama joI momInakhAne kahevaDAvyuM ke pote hukamane tAbe thaze, paNa hukama mujaba bhaMDArI paNa zahera choDe tyAre pote jaze. e arasAmAM momInakhAnane surata ane junAgaDhathI madada AvI pahoMcI.20 A vakhate zaheramAM taMgI paDavAthI bhaMDArInA keTalAka mAravADI lazkarIo zahera bahAra nIkaLI momInakhAnane maLyA. pharIthI bAdazAhI pharamAnane amala karavAnuM momInakhAnane kahevAmAM AvyuM tyAre teNe evo javAba Apyo ke bhaMDArI killo choDe tathA zaheramAMthI nAselA mANaso pAchA AvI vase ane zAMti thAya ke tarata pite khaMbhAta jaze. amadAvAda lIdhuM A vakhate dAmAjI lazkara laIne momInakhAnane AvI maLe. A khabara bhaMDArIne maLatAM eNe dAmAjIne kahevaDAvyuM ke momInakhAnane pakSa choDe te khaMbhAta-amadAvAda suddhAM AkhA gUjarAtamAM aradho bhAga ApuM. A hakIkata dAmAjIe momInakhAnane kahI tyAre vakhata vicArI momInakhAne amadAvAdanA havelI paragaNAnAM keTalAMka gAma ane viramagAma paragaNuM svataMtra dAmAjIne ApavA kahyuM ane dAmAjInuM samAdhAna karyuM. have bahAranA lazkare ghero majabUta karyo. momInakhAne bhaMDArIne samajAvI zahera seMpI devA ahamadInA kartAne ekavAra mokalyo, paNa kAMI vaLyuM nahi. marAThAone lIdhe amadAvAda zaherane eTaluM nukasAna pahoMcyuM ke temanI madada lIdhA mATe momInakhAnane pitAne pastAvo thayo,2 ane aMdarathI potAnAM mANasone kahyuM ke marAThAone banatAM sudhI zaheramAM na pesavA devA. bhaMDArIne jyAre lAgyuM ke have vadhu vakhata TakAze nahi tyAre thAkIne vAhananI sagavaDa ane eka lAkha rUpiyA sAthe AbarUra nIkaLI javAnI zarate zaherano kabajo soMpyo. momInakhAne gUjarAtanA pATanagaramAM praveza karyo. A samAcAra bAdazAhane pahoMcyA tyAre momInakhAnanI 20 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (ku. mo. jha) A hakIkata TUMkAmAM gejheTIaranA gujarAtanA ItihAsamAM (VoI.J.Part I.)mAM ApelI che. amadAvAda pAsenI laDAI ane bIjI ghaNI vAto jemAM khaMbhAtane koI saMbaMdha nathI temaja momInakhAnanA caritrane khAsa kAmanI nathI tevI cheDI dIdhI che. 21 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (ka. mo. jha) 22 Bom.Gaz...Part1.P.320. ahamadIkAra lakhe che ke dAmAe pote potAnA lakarIone tephAna karatAM vAryA hatA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA manasabamAM vadhAro karI ghaNAM vakhANa kyAM ane A kAma te e ja kare ema jAhera karyuM. 23 khaMbhAtane baMde asta A laDAI daramyAna khaMbhAtano vahIvaTa najamakhAna je pitAne jamAI thatA hatA tene sepyo hato.24 amadAvAda kabaje kya pachI pote subAnuM kAmakAja calAvavA mAMDyuM. zAMti ane sahIsalAmatInI khAtrI paDavAthI nAsI gaelA loke zaheramAM AvI vasavA lAgyA.25mInakhAne have bahAra nIkaLI pezakazI UgharAvavA nakkI karyuM. bAdazAhe momInakhAnanA bhatrIjA hiMmataalIkhAnane soraThanI phojadArI ApI. momInakhAne amadAvAdane aradho bhAga marAThAone Apelo hato eTale ghaNI bAbatamAM ragejI sAthe athaDAmaNa thayA karatI (I.sa. 1738). A arasAmAM mAmInakhAnanA bIjA bhatrIjA muhammada memInakhAna bakSIne najharaalIkhAnano IlkAba maLyo.21 subAgIrInI jaMjALane lIdhe mAmInakhAnanuM mukhya raheThANa amadAvAdamAM hatuM, paNa I.sa. 1741mAM khaMbhAta baMdaranI AvakamAM ghaTADo thayAnA samAcAra AvyA. eTale momInakhAne be mahinA khaMbhAta jaI baMdaranA darogAnI badalI karI e jagyA upara IsmAIla mahammadane mUkyo ane vepArIo sAthe salukAIthI vartana karavA tAkIda ApI. 27 memAnakhAnane na IlakAba ane avasAna A badhA vahIvaTa ane heziyArIthI prasanna thaI bAdazAhe mAmInakhAnanI nisabamAM vadhAro karI te 6000 jAtIkI ane 6000 savAranI karI. eka zirapeca, kalagI, keTaluMka kApaDa, eka hAthI ane "mAhI bharAtIba'nuM nizAna,29 tathA najamuddaulA momInakhAna dilAvara jaMgabahAdurano IlakAba Ape.29 A vakhate khaMbhAtathI najaraalIkhAna ane vajerAma zikAre sakhta laDAio karI AsapAsanA koLI ThAkora pAsethI pezakaza vasUla karI.30 have momInakhAnanI tabiyata bagaDI hatI. I.sa. 1743mAM amadAvAdamAM momInakhAnane svargavAsa thayo.31 rUstamaalIkhAnanA makabarAmAM 23 ahamadI. gu. mA. (kuma. jha) 28 Bom. Gaz. VI. 223. R4 Bom. Gaz. I. Part I. P. 320. 26 e ja pR. 322. 27 e ja pR. 3ra3 ane mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (ka. mo. jha) ahamadI lakhe che ke khaMbhAtamAM be mahinA thayA hatA. gejheTIare mAtra khaMbhAta javAno ullekha karyo che. marAThA sAthenI rojanI athaDAmaNa ane pezakazI tathA subAgIrInA kAmane lIdhe mInabAnathI khaMbhAta vadhAre rahevAtuM nahi. RC Bom. Gaz. I. Part I. P. 325 'Order of Mahi-Maratib''ICI HRICH RM 2124 CUP HIV11 AkAranA nizAnavALo vAvaTo che. 29 e ja pR. 3rapa. 30 e ja pR. 325. 31 Bom. Gaz. I. Part 1. P. 526, mirAte ahamadI lakhe che ke hI. sa. 1156mAM meharama mAsanI tA. 7mIe divasa ugyA pachI deDha pahere maraNa thayuM. rUstamaalIkhAnanA rojAmAM daphanakriyA thaI e paNa e ja lakhe che. A rUratama For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA emanI kabara karavAmAM AvI, je hAla amadAvAdamAM mirajhApuramAM rastA upara che. mAmInakhAnanuM cAritrya itihAsanA vAMcanArAene e kAI jAtanA kAmI ke bIjA pUrvagraha (prejudice)nA pUramAM taNAtAM pahelAM eTaluM samajavuM joie ke dareka rAjavaMzamAM sArA khATA vakhata Ave che. paraMtu te dareka rAjavaMzanA mULa vaMzakartA asAdhAraNa buddhi ane kAryazakti tathA rAjA tarIke potAnI saMpUrNa jokhamadArInI samajaNa sivAya thatA nathI. jagatanA itihAsanA dareka rAjavaMzanI hakIkata joIzuM teA tenA mULa puruSa athavA sthApakamAM A guNo haze. meAmInakhAnanI kArakirdI upara sAmAnya rIte vistArathI jotAM te eka sAmAnya mANasamAMthI dhImedhIme cheka gUjarAtanA subA (Mogul Viceroy)nA 56 sudhI caDe che. A vakhate dilhInI sattA nabaLI paDelI hovAthI subAnA padanI muzkelIone pAra nathI ane dareka sukhAne potAnA rastA peAtAnI meLe bAdazAhI madadanI AzA vagara karI levA paDe che. meAmInakhAna e badhI muzkelIemAMthI kevI kunehathI pAra Utare che te joyuM. asAdhAraNa hiMmata ane kAryakuzaLatA vagara e bane nahi, te sAthe amadAvAdanA dherA vakhatanA ane khaMbhAtanA vahIvaTanA je ullekhA Ave che te jotAM prajA upara meAmInakhAnane keTalI prIti hatI te spaSTa thAya che. baMdekhasta ane vepAravRddhinI tenI kALajI paNa spaSTa che. amadAvAdanI kharAbI thatI joI meAmInakhAnane ghaNuM lAgI Ave che. amadAvAdamAM eka vakhata halakA sikkA paDavA lAgyA hatA te kALajIthI sudharAvyA. ahamadIkAra meAmInakhAna garIbeAnI vAre caDhavAnuM paNa lakhe che. gujarAtanI AvakanA aradhA bhAga marAThAone ApyA e mUla mATe mAmInakhAnane lAgatuM hatuM. e kharekhara bhUla hatI ke saMjogone vaza thaI marAThAo sAthe kAma levAnuM dilhInuM kramAna hatuM ke saMjoge jotAM dilhI taraphanI madadane asaMbhava dekhI e sivAya bIjo rastA nahAtA e badhuM Aje pANA khaseA varSa pachI AjanI dRSTie tapAsavuM te ThIka nathI. te vakhate ApaNe hAie te zuM karIe te jovAnuM che. TUMkAmAM meAmInakhAnamAM vaMcakartAnA badhA guNa hatA ane tethI ja khaMbhAtanuM svataMtra saMsthAna sthapAyuM. For Private and Personal Use Only 7 alIkhAna te suratavALA ke bIjo te spaSTa thatuM nathI, hAla mAmInakhAnanI daragAha mirajhApuramAM zeTha aMbAlAla sArA bhAinA baMgalAnI hadamAM rastA upara che.

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prakaraNa navamuM svataMtra saMsthAna muktAkhIrakhAna-mAmInakhAna bIjA-nuM rAjya ' ja muddolA mAmInakhAnanA maraNa pachI emanI begamane vahema paDyo ke phidAuddInakhAna 1. ane muphatAkhIrakhAna maLIne enI jAgIra paDAvI leze. A kAraNathI eNe raMgejInuM rakSaNa mAgyuM. e daramyAna phidAuddInakhAna ane muphatAkhIrakhAnane kAmacalAu gUjarAtanI subAgIrIno hade saMbhALI levA bAdazAhI pharamAna AvyuM. baMne jaNa te vakhate amadAvAdamAM hatA. vAjA vagADatA baMne jaNa eka hAthI upara besI pharamAna laI zaheramAM piThA. evAmAM ANaMdarAma nAmano mANasa jenuM momInakhAne apamAna karyuM hatuM te raMgojI pAse gayo ane phidAuddInakhAna ane momInakhAnane mArI nAkhavA mATe ene caDhAvyo. gejIe A kArya sAdhavA mATe e banene jamavA bolAvyA; paNa mAravAnI hiMmata cAlI nahi. e pachI phidAuddInakhAnane khaMbhAta javuM paDyuM. have raMgajIe muphatAkhIrakhAnane mArI nAkhavA nizcaya karyo. e kAraNathI eNe vajerAma ane kAyamakulIkhAnane meLavI lIdhA. muphanAkhIrakhAnane A vAtanI khabara paDI tethI dareka rItanI sAvacetI rAkhavA mAMDI. raMgojIe be vakhata e pramANe prayatna karyo paNa phAvyo nahi. A vakhate zerakhAna bAbIe khaMbhAtanAM keTalAMka gAmaDAM lUMTavA mAMDyAM. raMgejI pitAnA mANasa rAmajIne bolAvI laDAI mATe taiyAra thayo. muktAkhIrakhAne khaMbhAtathI phidAuddInakhAnane belAvyo. zerakhAne raMgajIne madada karavAnuM choDI dIdhuM. raMge have gabharAyo ane rasto rahyo nahi, eTale ANaMdarAmane soMpI dIdho ane borasada tathA viramagAma paNa sepyuM. A rIte phidAuddInakhAna ane muphatAkhIrakhAnanI sattA gujarAtamAM thoDo vakhata niSkaTaka thaIka A vakhate khaMbhAta baMdarano darogo ismAila muhammadakhAna je najamuddalA mAmInakhAnanA vakhatathI vahIvaTa karatA hatA te gujarI gaye. e ghaNo lokapriya hato. enA maraNathI ghaNuM vepArIo dilagIra thayA. 4 Bom. Gaz. Vol. I. Part I. P. 326. 2 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (ku. me. jha.) 3 Bom. Gaz. Vol. I. P. I. P. 326. 4 e ja pR. 326. mirAte ahamadI gu, bhA. (ku. me. jha) Bom, Gaz. nA khaMbhAtanA bhAgamAM (VoIVI) A bInA ApI nathI. upara je ANaMdarAma Ave che tene pAchaLathI phidAudIkhAna mArI nAkhe che. 5 mirAte ahamadI. gu. bha. (ka. ma. jha) IramAIla muhammadakhAna mirAte ahamadInA lekhakane bhAI thatuM hatuM. enI lokapriyatAnuM varNana ahamadImAM karyuM che. 6 IsmAIla mahammada baMdarane darega hato. baMdarano darogo eTale collector ofcustoms musadIthI e judA. mutsaddInA hAthamAM rAjasattA hoya che; darogAnA hAthamAM baMdaranI Avaka jAvakanI mAtra sattA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna mukatAkhIrakhAnanI subAgIrI ane amadAvAda cheDI khaMbhAta AvavuM e ja varSa (1743)nA pAchalA bhAgamAM bAdazAhane khabara paDI ke junnArano abadula ajhIjhakhAna nAmane mANasa khoTI rIte subo thaIne beThe che. tethI bAdazAhe muktAkhIrakhAna upara pharamAna mokalyuM ane ene gujarAtane sattAvanamo subo nImyo. e pahelAM muphatAkhIrakhAna ane phidAuddInakhAnane potAnA lazkarIonA pagAra caDhI gayelA hatA tethI temanI sthiti kapheDI thatAM javAMmardakhAna bAbIe zahera (amadAvAda)ne kabaje lIdhela tethI te baMne vacce aNabanAva thaela. jyAre bAdazAhI pharamAna muphatAkhIrakhAnane subAgIrI mATenuM AvyuM tyAre eNe javAMmardakhAnane nAyaba sube banAvavA kahyuM. A vakhate javAMmardakhAna eTalo sattAvALA hatA ke mukatAkhIrakhAnathI enI sAme laDI zakAya tema hatuM nahi. A khaTapaTamAM chevaTe javAMmardakhAne muphatAkhIrakhAnanA gharane ghero ghAlyo ane muphatA khIrakhAnane nIkaLIne khaMbhAta nAsI jaI raMgejIne maLavuM paDayuM. raMgejIe khaMbhAtamAMthI lIdhelI rakama I.sa. 1744mAM marAThAoe amadAvAdamAM pitAnI gaelI sattA pAchI levA nizcaya karyo ane lazkara mokalyuM. e vakhate raMgacha peTalAda hato. phidAuddInakhAne raMgejIne muphatAkhIrakhAnane madada karavA kahyuM. raMgejI pAse paisA nahotA. tethI baMne jaNa muphatAkhIrakhAna pAse khaMbhAta gayA. raMgejIne eka lAkha rUpiyAnI jarUra hatI. muphatAkhIrakhAne bahu mahenate 80,000 rUpiyA ubhA karyA, ane raMgejInA nAyabane bhAgane vahIvaTa karavA rajA ApI. raMgejIe bAkInA vIsa hajAra maLyA pachI madada karavA jaSNuvyuM tethI phidAuddInakhAna nirAza thaIne dahevANa jaIne rahyA.mukatAkhIrakhAnane A rIte pAMca varSa khaMbhAtamAM rahevuM paDayuM. te daramyAna vAraMvAra amadAvAda laI subAgIrIne heddo saMbhALavA vicAra karyA paNa temAM saphaLatA maLI nahi.10 najamakhAnane vahIvaTa ane khaMbhAtanI sthiti A badhA vakhata daramyAna (I.sa. 1737thI 1748) agiyAra varSa sudhI najamakhAne khaMbhAtano rAjavahIvaTa saMbhALyo hato. samayanI sAmAnya azAMtine lIdhe joke vepAra ocho thato hato chatAM paNa najamakhAnanA vahIvaTamAM khaMbhAtanI sthiti sArI thaI hatI. mAmInakhAna pahelAnAM chevaTanAM varSomAM baMdara ane zaherane kAMI harakta AvI nahotI. te pachI khaMbhAta upara marAThAonI mAgaNI 7 Bom. Gaz. I. I. P. 327. 8 Bom. Gaz. I. I. P. 327. 9 e ja pR. 327 Bom. Gaz. VI. khaMbhAtanA vRttAMtane lekhaka suratanI aMgrejonI DAyarInA AdhAre lakhe che ke raMgajIe A masalata uparAMta khaMbhAtanA gAyakavADanA bhAganA aradhA rUpiyA mAgyA. (rU.80,000)ane muphatAkhIrakhAne nA pADI tethI 20.000nuM lazkara laI khaMbhAta upara caDhI AvyuM. tethI tenI mAgaNI mujaba rUpiyA ApavA paDathA. A vakhate aMgrejI keDInA mANasoe navAbane madada karI. AnA veramAM marAThAoe navAbanAM je mANasa bahAra AvyAM temanAM nAka kApI lIdhAM. Bom. Gaz, VI. 223. Note 3. 9. Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 224. For Private and Personal Use Only

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70 svataMtra saMsthAna enA khAjo bhAre paDavA chatAM zahera upara humalA thaye| nahAtA ane AsapAsanA mulaka marAThAonI rIta pramANe tArAja paNa thayA naheAtA. akabara bAdazAhanA vakhatanAM parAM AbAda hatAM ane khIjAM gAmeAmAM paNa kArIgarA sArI sthitimAM hatA. chatAM AkhA dezanA saMjJegAne lIdhe Avaka ghaTIne rUA. 400000nI thaI hatI.11 have amadAvAda levAmAM saphaLatA na maLavAthI muktAkhArakhAne khaMbhAtamAM svataMtra thavAnI icchA karI ane te pAra pADavA mATe najamakhAnane mArI naMkhAvyA; ane bAdazAhane e bAbata khabara ApI meAmInakhAnane kAma je bAdazAha taraphathI maLyA hatA te dhAraNa karI khaMbhAtanI mutsaddIgIrI lIdhI ane bAdazAhe e vAtane maMjUrI ApI12 ane nurUddIna muhammadakhAna meAmInakhAna bahAduranA ilkAba ApyA.13 najamakhAnanA maraNanA samAcAra sAMbhaLI phidAuddInakhAna tenA kuTuMbane AzvAsana ApavAnA bahAne khaMbhAta AvyeA; paNa ene aMdara AvavAnI paravAnagI maLI nahi tethI ene pAchA javuM paDayuM. 14 khaMbhAta upara pezvAnI laDAi ane cAtha A vakhate meAmInakhAnanI1pa sattA mAtra khaMbhAta upara ja hatI ane bahAra emanuM pada khaMbhAtanA mutsaddI tarIke gaNAtuM. gAyakavADanA pratinidhi sAthe meAmInakhAnane have aNabanAva thayA hatA. pezvA ane gAyakavADe gUjarAtanI vaheMcaNI karI lIdhI hatI temAM khaMbhAta pezvAnA hissAmAM hatuM. raghunAtharAve peAtAnA nAyaba tarIke zrIpatarAvane nImyA hatA. cotha UdharAvatA raghunAtharAva dhoLakethI tArApura ane tyAMthI khaMbhAta AvyA, ane vArSika dasa hajAra rUpiyA ApavA meAmInakhAnane pharaja pADI.16 A vakhate pezvAnA saradAra pAMDuraMga paMDita cAtha UgharAvavA Avele te khaMbhAta AvyA 11 e ja pR. 224-225, robarTasanane AdhAre lekhaka lakhe che ke dANA upara kara nAkhanAra najamakhAna khaMbhAtanA paheleA ja subA hatA. eka gADe cAra AnA kara hatA, vepArIo yuktithI te kara uDAvavA lAgyA, tethI vajana upara kara nAkhI pAMca maNe traNa pAI kara nAkhyA. 12 Bom. Gaz. I. I. P. 330-31. najamakhAna meAmInakhAna pahelAnA jamAI thatA hatA ane khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa saMmatithI karatA hatA. chatAM ene mArI nAkhavAnA artha samajAya tevA nathI, gejheTIaranA uparanA ullekhamAM bharI gayA' ema lakhyuM che paNa khaMbhAta gejheTIaramAM jhera dai mArI nAkhavAmAM Avye ema lakhyuM che. bAdazAhane khabara ApavI paDI e sUcave che ke khabhAta svataMtra thayA chatAM bAdazAhanI paravAnagI jarUranI gaNAtI. najamakhAnane bAdazAhe nImyA hoya teA tene pAte na uDADI zake tethI mArI naMkhALyA ke bIjA kAraNathI te spaSTa nathI. 13 Bom. Gaz. VI, P. 225. 14 e ja, pR. 225 ane Bom. Gaz. I. I, P. 331. A uparathI phidAuddInakhAna sAthe paN muktAkhIrakhAnane aNaanAva thayA samajAya che. phidAuddIna khaMbhAta upara caDhI AvyA ema samajAya che. A badhuM jotAM najamakhAna ane phIdAuddInakhAna baMnenI khaMbhAta laIne svataMtra thavAnI dAnata haze ema paNa vyakta thAya che. 15 muktAkhIrakhAna nAmanA paNa gujarAtanA subA heAvAthI ane mAmInakhAnanA kAba dhAraNa karyAMthI have pachI temane meAmInakhAna (bIjA) kahIzuM. 16 Bom. Gaz. I. I. 337. ane mirAte ahamadI. gu. bhA. (ku. me. jha.) ahIM ahamadImAM lakhyuM che ke khaMbhAtanA hiMdu ane musalamAna vepArIoe raghunAtharAvane maLI meAmInakhAna virUddha phariyAda karI ane radhunAtharAve meAmInakhAnane For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna 71. (1para). mAmInakhAne bacAvanAM sAdhana taiyAra karyo, paNa laDAI thatAM pahelAM salAha thaI. momInakhAne ghAsadANAnA rUpiyA sAta hajAra tathA cAra te tene ApI, ane phakarUThIlA subAnA neka begakhAna nAmanA mANasane nAnI TukaDI ApI enI sAthe javA nI.17 khaMbhAtane ghera I.sa. 17pa3mAM comAsuM AvatAM khaMbhAtanA koTanA keTalAka bhAga paDI gayA. A vAtanI khabara amadAvAdamAM pezvAnA subA zrIpatarAvane paDI eTale eNe sArAmAM levA khaMbhAta upara hallo laI javA nakkI karyuM. tethI potAnA vakIlane khaMbhAtanI sthiti ane lazkaranA sipAIonI saMkhyA vagerenI tapAsa karavA mokalyo. e vakIla sarvohararAva jegIne veza laI khaMbhAta Avyo ane badhI tapAsa karI zrIpatarAvane khabara ApI. zrIpatarAve have mamInakhAnane vahema na paDe tema taiyArI karI. eka moTo ratha jarakazI ane bIjAM mUlyavAna alaMkAro jaDIne taiyAra karyo ane te rathane raghunAtharAva mATe peTalAda sudhI pahoMcADavAne bahAne mAvalAonI 18 TukaDI laI sAthe Avyo. piTalAdamAM te AvIne Utaryo te vakhate me mInakhAnane pezakAra vajerAma pUnathI khaMbhAta AvatAM Utarela te zrIpatarAvane maLavA gayo. vAtacIta uparathI zrIpatarAvano irAdo khabara paDatAM khAnagI rIte eNe badhI vAta momIna khAnane lakhI mokalI ane kAsada rAtorAta khaMbhAta pahoMcyo. momInakhAna pAse mANasa thoDAM hatAM chatAM, tAbaDatoba killo samarAvI bacAvanI taiyArI karavA mAMDI. bAdazAhI jamAdAra muhammada razIdabega jene thoDA vakhata upara baratarapha karyo hato tene pAcho bolAvyo. zrIpatarAve have rAtre ekAeka jaIne khaMbhAta upara hallo karavA dhAryuM. paNa rAtanA vakhate ene bhUmi jagyA bhUlya. enuM kAraNa e hatuM ke vakIlanA kahevA mujaba jyAM jyAM keTanAM bAkAMmAMthI zaheramAM pesavAnI jagyA bhomiyAe joelI te badhI momInakhAne jhapATAbaMdha purAvI nAkhI hatI. eTale jyAM pilANa dhAreluM tyAM sakhta bacAva ane baMdobasta dekhyo. chevaTe gavArane daravAje19 barobara baMdobasta na dekhatAM tyAM mAvalAone caDAvyA. daravAjAnA chAparA upara traNacAra mANasone A vAtanI khabara paDatAM temaNe baMdUka pheDI. jhapAjhapI zarU thaI. A sAMbhaLI mAmInakhAna pote tyAM AvI pahoMcyA ane upara caDelA mAvalAone mArIne nIce pADaDyA. bIje divasa paNa A laDAI cAlu rahI.20 emAM marAThAoe hAra khAI ghaNuM sahana karyuM. marAThAo A rAtanA haTalA mATe AkhI rAta cAlIne AvyA hatA te have thAkI gayA vepArIone na satAvavA mATe kahyuM. pezvA ane gAyakavADanI vaheMcaNInI salAha mATe juo bareDA gejheTA. 454. memInakhAne pezvA sAthe saMbadha pasaMda karyo ema ahamadI lakhe che. 17 e ja pR. 33pa ane mi. amadI e ja. 18 dakSiNamAM mAvala gAma che tyAMnA loka marADA lazkaramAM laDavAno dhaMdho karatA ane te mAvalA kahevAtA. 19 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (. mo. ka.) A gavArane daravAje hAlamAM khaMbhAtanAM keTalAMka sArAmAM sArAM mAne che. ahamadIkAra lakhe che te uparanI laDAI vakhate tyAM tana muphalisa dekhAvanAM dhara hatAM ane te taddana khAlI hatAM. 20 ahamadIno lekhaka kahe che ke A laDAI eNe pite najaronajara joelI, juo ahamadI gu. bha. (ka. me. jha.) For Private and Personal Use Only

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72 svataMtra saMsthAna hatA, tethI ArAma ane zaucAdimAM rokAyA. A daramyAna memAnakhAne ahamadInA lekhaka alImuhammadakhAnane zrIpatarAvane eka kAgaLa lakhI jAte maLavA kahyuM, eTale alImuhammadakhAna zrIpatarAvane jaI maLyA. zrIpatarAve kahyuM ke raghunAtharAvane kAgaLa evo Avyo che ke momInakhAna khaMbhAta choDI de ane tene ene badale bIjI jagyA maLaze. e vAta kabUla hoya to ghare uThAvI laIe.21 momInakhAne A vAta kabUla na karI, eTale laDAI pAchI cAlu thaI. rAtre marAThAoe tapa mATe lAkaDAnA mAMcaDA khaMbhAtanI dIvAla sAme karavA mAMDaLyA. Ama A laDAI aThavADIA sudhI vadhAre cAlI. have zrIpatarAvane lAgyuM ke Ama laDAino aMta nahi Ave. tethI eNe bIjo halake raste lIdhe. eNe potAnAM mANasa chuTAM mUkIne khaMbhAta coryAzInAM gAma lUMTAvavA mAMDyAM.22 Ama karavAmAM zrIpatarA momInakhAna upara dhArI asara karI. gAma lUMTAtAM momInakhAnathI joI zakAyAM nahi, ane ema thavAthI khaMbhAta zahera sivAya pitAnI kAMI sattA paNa rahI joI nahi. tethI chevaTe ahamadInA kartA alImahammadakhAna, potAnA pezakAra vajerAma ane ujhamatullAne zrIpatarAva pAse vATAghATa karavA mokalyA. (tA. 1lI moharama, hI. saM. 1167) chevaTe gaye varSe raghunAtharAve lIdhelA te karatAM rU. 7000) vadhAre teNe ghAsadANAnA lIdhA. gaMgAdhara paMDitane momInakhAna pAse laI gayA. badhI vAta samAdhAnI upara AvI ane marAThA lazkara pAchuM vaLyuM.23 laDAIne aMte khaMbhAtanI sthiti marAThAonA lobha ane julamane lIdhe khaMbhAta ane enI AsapAsanA mulakanI bahu kharAbI thaI khaMbhAtanA agiyAra parAM lagabhaga nAza pAmyAM. mamInakhAnane A vakhate ghaNI tANa paDI. sATha hajAra rUpiyA zrIpatarAva laI gayo. bAkI raheluM thoDuM pezvAnA sAmAnya bhAga tarIke gayuM ane thADuM, koI marAThAoe have khaMbhAtamAMthI ke AsapAsathI mahesula UghasavavI nahi evI zarate pezvAne bheTa tarIke ApavAmAM pUruM thayuM. sAthesAthe momInakhAnane lAgyuM ke marAThAo upara vizvAsa rAkho kAmano nathI, eTale khaMbhAtanA bacAvanI ane laDAI thAya te Takkara jhIlavAnI taiyArI cAlu rAkhI. tIjorI khAlI thaI gaelI hovAthI A hetu pAra pADavA mATe paisA bhegA karavA momInakhAne bahu mahenata ane trAsa paDayAM AthI jeke nANAMnI rakama ubhI te thaI paNa 21 A vigata khaMbhAta gejheTIara ke bIje jaNAvI nathI. phakta laDAI aThavADiyuM cAlI eTaluM ja gejheTIara lakhe che. ahamadI A varNanamAM vadhAre vizvasanIya che. 22 Bom. Gaz. VI.Cambay P. 226. AmAM gAme lUMTAvyAnuM lakhe che. jyAre ahamadI lakhe che ke khaMbhAta ceAryA zInA gAmamAM jamAbaMdhI ane mahesula vasUla karavA pitAnAM mANaso mokalyAM. A baMne hakIkata bhegI kharI lAge che. mahesula levA mANase mokalyAM haze, paNa temaNe bhegI lUMTa paNa calAvI haze. 23 Bom. Gaz. VI. 226. A hakIkata ahamadImAM vistArathI che. mirAte ahamadI A arasAmAM mAmInakhAnanA zikAra dharamacaMdanuM nAma Ape che. vajerAmane bahAra karavuM paDatuM tethI A bIjo pezakAra hovuM joIe. dharamacaMdane kaI kAraNasara daMDa thatAM eNe ApaghAta karelo ema varNana che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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93 svataMtra saMsthAna dezane ane vepArane paNa pramANamAM khamavuM paDayuM.24 pezvAne mANasa bhagavata rAva khaMbhAtamAM keda bIje varSe (1754) khaMbhAtano zikAra (dIvAna) vajerAma zrIpatarAvanA julamanI phariyAda karavA pUne pezvAnA darabAramAM gayo hato. tevAmAM pezvAe baMdaranI jakAtane bhAga levA pitAnA nAyaba tarIke bhagavaMtarAvane nI. momInakhAne ochI Avaka ane vadhAre kharca batAvyuM hatuM, tethI bhagavaMtarAve khaMbhAta laI levA pezvAne ThasAvyuM ane pezvAe ene khaMbhAta javA paravAnagI ApI. A vAtanI khabara khAnagI rIte vajerAmane maLI ane eNe momInakhAnane samAcAra kahevaDAvyA. have jyAre bhagavaMtarAva khaMbhAta najIka Avyo tyAre momInakhAne ene mAna ApI pAlakhI, ghoDe vagere ApI akabarapurAmAM utAro Apyo. bhagavaMtarAvano irAdo khAnagI rIte pitAne hetu pAra pADavAno hato. tethI eNe amadAvAdathI javAMmardakhAna bAbInA navarA paDelA ArabAne khaMbhAta bolAvyA. e bAbatano kAgaLa nasIba saMjoge momInakhAnanA hAthamAM Avyo, eTale momInakhAne potAnA kArabhArInI salAha laI bhagavaMtarAyanA gharane ghero ghAlyo, ene pakaDaze ane keda karyo; baMdaranI jakAtamAM have koIne bhAga rahyuM nathI ema kahyuM ane khaMbhAtano koTa majabUta karyo. bAlAjIrAva pezvAne A khabara paDatAM eNe jaMbusaranA phojadArane tathA viramagAma, makabUlAbAda, DabhAI ane dhaMdhukAnA phejadArane khaMbhAta upara caDAI karI bhagavaMtarAvane choDAvavAnI tAkIdanA hukamo mokalyA. bAra hajAranA lazkare khaMbhAta upara caDAI karI ane yuddha zarU thayuM. A baMne vacce salAha karAvavA keTalAka vacce paDyA, paNa kAMI vaLyuM nahi. have dhaDu hari sAthe bIjuM lazkara AvyuM ane salAhanI jarUra paDe to kAma lAge ema dhArIne ahamadInA kartA alI muhammadakhAnane paNa sAthe lIdho. chevaTe alImuhammadakhAnanI masalatathI salAha thaI ane momInakhAnane kAMI nukasAna na thAya evI goThavaNa thaI27 bhagavaMtarAvanA chUTayA pachI ene mATe jAmIna thaelA pUne cAlyA gayA, eTale khaMbhAta tAbAne eka killo nApADa gAmamAM hato tyAM rahI pezvAno caDI gaelo bhAga vasUla karavA mATe bhagavaMtarAve khaMbhAta tAbAnAM gAma upara hallA karavA mAMDyA, ane ema karIne pitAne keda karelo tenuM vera vALavA mAMDayuM.28 sadAziva dAmodara amadAvAdamAM lazkara laIne Avyo hato. teNe zrIpatarAvane 24 Bom. Gaz. VI. 226. 25 mirAte ahamadI gu, bhA. kime. jha) muMbAI gejheTIarane gujarAtano itihAsa pR. 338 ane khaMbhAta gejheTIara (Bom. Gaz, VI) pR. 226-27mAM bhagavaMtarAve amadAvAda salIma jamAdArane khaMbhAta lazkara mokalavA lakhyuM ane e kAgaLa pakaDAya ema lakhyuM che. ahamadI cAra mahinA laDAI cAlI ema lakhe che. gejheTIara traNa mahinA lakhe che. 26 alI muhammadakhAnanI lAgavaga mogala darabAra, marAThA ane mAmInakhAna pAse ghaNI hatI. e eka buddhimAna ane nyAyI puruSa gaNAto. lekhaka pote ghaDu harinI sAthe AvyuM hatuM ema e pite ja lakhe che. Rue Bom. Gaz. I. I. P. 338. 28 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (kRma. jha.) Bom. Gaz. I. I. P. 339 ahamadI A banAvane hI.sa. 1169 Ape che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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S4 svataMtra saMsthAna bhagavaMtarAvane madada karavA kahyuM. eNe tukoine nAnI TukaDI sAthe mokalyo. sAthe zaMbhurAma vagere paNa hatA. momInakhAnane A vAtanI khabara paDI hatI tethI lakara taiyAra kareluM hatuM. A laDAI keTaloka vakhata cAlyA karI. baMne bAjunI vakhatovakhata nAnInAnI jIta thatI. evAmAM raghunAtharAvane kAgaLa zrIpatarAvane pAchA AvavA mATe Avyo eTale e pUne gayo. ahamadInA kartAne bhAI kAsamaalI khaMbhAtathI amadAvAda AvI gujarI gaye, eTale ahamadIkAra salAhamAM bhAga laI zakyo nahi. zaMbhurAma ane muhammada lAle vacce paDI prayatna karyo. zrIpatanA gayA pachI bhagavaMtarAve be mAsa to laDAI cAlu rAkhI hatI. baMne pakSa thAkI suleha mATe utejAra hatA. chevaTe salAha thaI. temAM laDAI daramyAna je kurA tathA bhAganI rakama momInakhAne lIdhI hoya te ApavI TharI. e rIte rUpiyA dasa hajAra momInakhAne ApavAnA TharAvyA. momInakhAna pAse e vakhate rokaDa na hovAthI tujI TeTa patAvavAnI IcchAthI jAmIna thaye. bhagavaMtarAva khaMbhAta pitAnA pratinidhi mUkI nApADa gayo.29 1750mAM khaMbhAtanI sthiti A arasAmAM TIphenthalera nAmano pAdarI (1750mAM) khaMbhAta Avelo teNe zaheranuM varNana kareluM che. e lakhe che ke e vakhate khaMbhAtamAM dAmAjI nAmanA marAThAnuM ane megalanuM bheguM rAjya hatuM. mogala (mInakhAna) dilhInA bAdazAhane kAMI paNa khaMDaNa Apato nahi, kAraNa ke marAThAonI cotha ane kaLIonI lUMTamAMthI bhAgye ja koI potAne mATe ane lazkarane mATe bacatuM. zahera pahelAMnI sthiti karatAM ghaNuM kharAba hAlatamAM hatuM, chatAM paNa ghaNuM moTuM jaNAtuM hatuM ane enI AsapAsano koTa gherAvAmAM jaramana mAIla karatAM vadhAre lAMbo hato. rastA sAMkaDA ane gaMdA hatA tathA bajAra nAnuM ane sAmAnya hatuM. ghaNAM UMcA paNa jUnAM ghara havaDa dazAmAM hatAM ane paDavAnI taiyArImAM hoya evAM lAgatAM. khaMbhAtamAM jovA jevI traNa ja jagyA hatI. eka navAbano mahela, bIjI suMdara jumA masjida, ane trIjI aMgrejI keThI. uttaramAM zaherakoTathI aDoaDa paruM hatuM ane enI AsapAsa paNa koTa tathA daravAjo hato; paNa te havaDa dazAmAM hatuM ane aMdara vastI nahotI. ghaNIkharI vastI hiMduonI hatI. baso pArasI hatA ane bAkInA musalamAna hatA.30 pisA UbhA karavA mATe AsapAsanA mulaka upara memAnakhAnanI caDAie bhagavaMtarAva sAthenI laDAI pachI momInakhAnane paisAnI ghaNI tANa paDI. lazkarane pagAra caDI gayo hato ane tene lIdhe lazkaramAM azAMti phelAvAno saMbhava hato, eTale AsapAsanA mulakamAM pharIne pezakazI UgharAvI rakama UbhI karyA sivAya bIjo rasto nahoto. momInakhAne eka TukaDI mokalI lIMbaDI tAbenAM gAme upara chApo mArI lUMTa meLavIne lazkarane vaheMcaNI karI ApI. te pachI I.sa. 1755mAM ghedhA upara savArI karI. e baMdara pahelAM khaMbhAtanA tAbAnuM gaNatuM, 29 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. ku. mo. jha) 30 Bon. Gaz. VJ.P. 225. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna 75 te zerakhAna bAbIne hAthamAM hatuM ane vahIvaTa pezvA taraphathI thato. momInakhAne ghoghA upara chApo mArI ghoghA hAtha karyuM, ane tyAM ibrAhima kulI khAnanA hAtha nIce 100 ArabonI TukaDI mUkI khaMbhAta tarapha kUca karI. rastAmAM AvatI jagyAomAMthI pezakazI UgharAvI khaMbhAta pAchA AvyA. khaMbhAta AvIne phidAuddInakhAnanA putra muhammadajhamAnakhAna ane vrajalAlane gohIlavADa tathA kAThIAvADa bAju pizakazI mATe mokalyA. tyAM lUMTaphATa calAvI ne jamInadAro pAsethI pezakazI laI lazkaranA pagAra cUkate thayA tyAM sudhI rahyA te momInakhAne khaMbhAta pAchA bolAvyA tyAre ja AvyA. te pachI piTalAdanA phojadAra pAse lazkara bahu nathI ema jaNAtAM peTalAda upara paNa chApo mAryo ane dUra sudhInAM gAmo pAsethI jamAbaMdhI vagere rakama ugharAvI. gAmanA paTelo tathA mukhya mANasoe rakamo ApI gAma bacAvyAM. ANaMdamegarI sudhI jaI rakama vasUla karI.31 have nAnA ratana nAmanA vepArInA caDAvavAthI khaMbhAtanA vepArIo dazAMza jakAtamAMthI bacavAra jaMbusara mAla utAratA. e vakhate bhagavaMtarAvane jAmIna banelo jaMbusarane phojadAra gaNezaApA pUne gayo hato. e be kAraNathI prerAI momInakhAne dehavANanA koLIone lUMTane bhAga ApavAnI lAlaca ApI sAthe laI jabusara upara hallo karyo. nAnA ratana khabara maLatAM pUne nAsI gayo. keLIoe gADAM bharIne lUMTa lIdhI temAM bahu julama thayo. mamInakhAnane paNa lUMTa maLI. eTalAmAM aMkalezvara sudhI marAThA lazkara AveluM che evA samAcAra miyAgAmanA phejadAra taraphathI maLatAM momInakhAne sahIsalAmatarIte khaMbhAtane rasto lIdho. A pramANe momInakhAne nANAMnI bhIDa dUra karI. nANAM UbhAM karavA mATe karelI A kUcone lIdhe AsapAsanA mulakamAM momInakhAnano Dara ane rapha bahu vadhI gayAM ane peTalAda paragaNAnA gAmanA mukhIoe marAThA amaladArone rAjI rAkhI cotho bhAga momInakhAnane ApavA kabUlyuM. momInakhAne borasadane paNa ghero ghAlyo hato, paNa vaDedarethI lazkara AvatAM khaMbhAtanuM lazkara pAchuM AvyuM ane borasada lUMTAtuM bacI gayuM.33 mAmInakhAna amadAvAda sara kare che. have momInakhAnanI mahattvAkAMkSA ATalethI aTakatI nathI. paisA hAthamAM AvatAM khaMbhAta cheDI gUjarAtanA rAjyaprakaraNamAM bhAga levAnI tenI IcchA prabaLa thAya che. I.sa. 1756mAM varasAda bahu paDavAne lIdhe amadAvAdanA keTamAM ghaNAM gAbaDAM paDavAM. A samAcAra maLatAM momInakhAne khaMbhAtathI guptacare mekalIne amadAvAdanI sthitinI tapAsa karAvI. e vakhate zrIpatarAve mUkelA rAjane koI rAhIlAe mArI nAkhyAnA samAcAra paNa AvyA. teno lAbha laI memInakhAne muhammada jhamAnakhAnane eka TukaDI ApI amadAvAda mokalyo ane pote khaMbhAtathI nIkaLI vAtraka upara kheDe paDAva nAkhI amadAvAda pahoMcyo. vrajalAla pezakArane AgaLanI TukaDI sAthe mokalyA hatA 31 Bom. Gaz, I. I. 339 ane mirAte ahamadI gu. mA. (u. me. jha) 3ra A kAraNa ahamadI mAM ApeluM che, gejheTIara to phakta jaMbusara lUMTAyAne ullekha kare che. 33 Bom. Gaz. I. I. P. 339 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (ka. mA. jha.) For Private and Personal Use Only

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74 svataMtra saMsthAna ane zaMbhurAmane potAnI sAthe rAkhyo. zaMbhurAma DabhoDe jaI koLIonI madada laI Avyo.34 e badhA lazkare koTanAM gAbaDAMmAMthI zaheramAM pesI daravAjA ughADI nAkhyA. koLIoe rivAja mujaba lUMTa calAvI. momInakhAne zaheramAM praveza karI kabaje lIdho. hAthohAthanI laDAI thaI temAM marAThAo hAryo ne nAsI gayA. A laDAImAM momInakhAnane iDaranA rAjAnI madada paNa maLI hatI. bAdazAhane dilhI jyAre momInakhAne ghoghA lIdhAnA samAcAra maLyA tyAre teNe momInakhAnane eka talavAra bheTa mokalelI ane amadAvAda sara karyAnA samAcAra maLyA tyAre ghaNAM vakhANa karyA. I.sa. 1756nA eNkTobaranI 17mI tArIkhe amadAvAdane kabajo laI35 zaMbhurAmane potAne nAyaba nI. A banAva pachI javAMmardakhAna bAbI ane marAThAo taraphathI sadAziva dAmodara maLI gayA. emaNe pezvAne madada mATe lakhyuM ane baMne jaNA khaMbhAta tarapha gayA. emano vicAra khaMbhAtanA coryAzI paragaNA upara hallo karavAno hato. memAnakhAnane A vAtanI khabara paDatAM zaMbhurAma, muhammada lAla rAhIlA ane razIdabegane TukaDI ApI mokalyA. emanI sAthe pAchA vaLatAM khaMbhAtathI dArUgeLo paNa maMgAvyA. zaMbhurAme javAMmardakhAna ane marAThAonI pahelAM khaMbhAta pahoMcI tyAMnA be hajAranA lazkarane sAthe laI bahAra AvI javAMmardakhAna sAthe laDAI karI; emAM e loko hAryA ane zaMbhurAma dArUgoLe laI amadAvAda gayo. 36 amadAvAdane ghere ane mamIna khAnane bAdazAhI mAna momInakhAne amadAvAda kabaje karyAnA samAcAra pUne pahoMcyA tyAre tyAM ghaNo chodha vyApo. pezvAna saradAra sadAziva rAmacaMdra lazkara laIne Avyo. tenI sAthe dAmAjI ane khaMDerAva gAyakavADa paNa AvyA. momInakhAne zaMbhurAmanI madadathI bhAre bacAva zarU karyo, paNa paisAnI taMgI paDavAthI lazkarano pagAra caDyo ane azAMti thaI. A meTI laDAInuM varNana karavAnuM ahIM sthAna nathI ghera cAlu hatA te daramyAna momInakhAna upara manasIbano vadhAro karI bahAdurane IlkAba ApatuM bAdazAhI pharamAna AvyuM ane cAlate ghere momInakhAne khAnapura daravAjA bahAra nIkaLI ThAThathI pharamAna lIdhuM.37 pezvA sAthe salAha ane khaMbhAta rahyuM amadAvAda ane ghoghA cheDavuM paDayuM momInakhAna ane pezvA vacce samAdhAna karAvavA lakanInA navAba sujAuddolAnA kahevAthI ayodhyAnA 34 ahamadI lakhe che ke zaMbhurAme dArUgoLo ane bANa uparAMta e lokane ghoDesavArane ATha AnA ane svAdAne be AnA roja karAvyuM hatuM. e loka hI. 1170nA meharamanI 12mI tArIkhe AvyA, 35 Bom. Gaz. I.. P. 340mirAte ahamadI lakhe che ke bhurAme AstoDIA daravAjA bahAra AvelA nayanapuramAMthI hAthIe besADI momInakhAnano amadAvAdamAM praveza karAvyuM. amadAvAdamAM rAjadvArI pheraphAra ghaNI vAra thaI gayA tethI loke DarateDarate ghoLa karyA (rAja AsapAsa rUpiyA utArI ApI devA te bAdazAhe ahamadI kAranA kAgaLamAM lakhyuM hatuM ke bAdazAhI madada hAla thaI zake tema nathI mATe pitAnA jora upara karavuM. bheTe ane khitAbathI sAruM je kAMI thatuM haze to te maLaze. 36 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (ku me. jha.) Bom. Gaz. . I. 340. Baroda Gaz. 459-60. 37 e ja, ; e ja pR. 341, ahamadI lakhe che ke A pharamAna lAvanAra goviMdadAsa gAMdhIne marAThAoe pakaDaze. momInakhAnanI aMgata vAta sivAya A laDAInI vigata khaMbhAtane lagatI na hovAthI choDI dIdhI che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna 77 subA hasanakulI khAnabahAdura je make jatA hatA te zAhanUra nAma dhANu karI phakIranA veza laI vacce paDayA. zAhanUre, meAmInakhAna amadAvAda sAMpe te khaMbhAta ane dheAdhA marAThAnA bhAga vagara svataMtra meAmInakhAnane rAkhavA devAM ane lazkaranA kharca mATe lAkha rUpiyA rokaDA ApavA evI zarate salAha karavAnuM pezvA pAse kabUla karAvyuM, ane sadAziva rAmacaMdra upara kAgaLa lakhAvyeA. sadAzivane A zaratA pasaMda na paDI paNa zAhanUre meAmInakhAna turata amadAvAda sApe e zarate badhuM kabUla karAvyuM ane meAmInakhAnane samajAvavA zaheramAM gayA. mAmInakhAne A zaratemAM peTalAdanAM keTalAMka gAmeA vadhArAmAM mAgyAM ane marAThAoe e vAtanI nA pADI.38 ethI kaMTALI zAhanUra cAlyA gayA. have dherAelAM mANasAnI dazA paNa kharAba hatI. meAmInakhAne mIrajhAM muhammadajhamAna zAhajAdo je khaMbhAta hatA tene lakhI nANAM game tema karIne meAkalavA jaNAvyuM. zAhajAdAe peAtAnA vahIvaTathI prajAne sukhI karI hatI tethI julamathI paisA bhegA karI nAma bagADavA nA pADI ane e kAma bIjAne soMpavA kahyuM. ethI e kAma muhammada jhamAnakhAnane soMpAyuM ane eNe pAra utAryuM. amadAvAdanA gherA daramyAna anAja dANA vagere vAraMvAra khaMbhAtathI AvatAM.79 Ama karavAthI paNa bahu naLyuM nahi ane meAmInakhAnane salADa karavI paDI. meAmInakhAne lAkha rUpiyA lai khaMbhAta hatuM tema rahevA daI, eTale pezvAnA bhAga kabUla rAkhI, vadhArAmAM vArSika dasa hajAra rUpiyA khaMDaNInA kabUlI salAha karI. dheAdhA uparanA haka cheADI daI zaMbhurAmane marAThAone soMpI devAnuM paNa kabUla karyuM. vaLI salIma jamAdAra pAsethI lIdhelA rUpiyA 35000nI azaraphIenA rUpiyA pelA eka lAkhamAMthI kApI levA ema paNa kabUlyuM. AvI kharAba salAha karI I. sa. 1758nA phebruArI mahinAnI 27mI tArIkhe amadAvAda marAThAone soMpI meAmInakhAna khaMbhAta gayA.40 lazkaranA pagAra hajI caDelA rahyA hatA. kula pAMca lAkha rUpiyAnI jarUra hatI. AthI meAmInakhAne khaMbhAtanI bahAra paDAva nAMkhI sAmAna zaheramAM meAkalyA, ane keTalAka saradArane pakSamAM lai rAtre lazkarane dhatuM mUkI zaheramAM gavArAnA daravAjethI peDhA. Ama na kare teA bahAranuM ane aMdaranuM lazkara maLI javAnA bhaya hatA. chevaTa ghaNI mahenate meAmInakhAne pagAra patAvyA. have pezakAra vrajalAla pUte bhAganI vATAghATa karI AvyA ane gaMgAsnAna karavA nivRtta thaine rajA mAgI te meAmInakhAne na ApI. AthI te amadAvAda gayA. paraMtu tyAMthI tene khaMbhAta elAvavAmAM AvyA, ane sAMje ghera jatAM koI duzmananI TALIe tene mArI nAMkhyA.41 jhAheda 38 Bom. Gaz. I. I. 341 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (qa. me.) 39 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (TTa. me.) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 40 Bom. Gaz. I. I. 342. mirAte ahamadI. gu. bhA. (TTa. me.) ahamadI lakhe che ke A salAha karAvavA mATe najammuphaulA meAmInakhAnanA (meAmInakhAnanA pitA)nA saMbaMdha vicArI dAmAjI gAcakavADa vacce paDyA hatA. ema na thayuM hata teA kadAca ethI paNa sakhata zarate thAta. 41 gejheTIara lakhe che ke meAmInakhAne mArI naMkhAvyeA. ahamadI upara mujaba kAraNa Ape che, paNa memInakhAnaneA hAtha hatA ema kahevAya che evuM lakhANa kare che. khaMbhAta gejheTIara (Bom. VI.)nA lekhaka khaMbhAtamAM pezvAnA bhAganuM lakhate nathI, ane zaratAne sArI gaNe che tenuM kAraNa samajAtuM nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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78 svataMtra saMsthAna alI nAmane khaMbhAtano moTo vepArI je momInakhAna pahelAne ane najamakhAnane vagara vyAje paisA dhIra tathA baMdaranI jakAtamAMthI vasUla karato te paNa momInakhAnano Dara lAgavAthI khaMbhAta cheDI nAsI gayo ane bolAvavA chatAM Avyo nahi. muhammada hAzama paNa e ja pramANe bahAra jato rahyo. e pachI ekavAra momInakhAne pezvAne khaMDaNI na ApavAthI sadAziva rAmacaMdra dAmAjI sAthe khaMbhAtanI bahAra dariyA bAju AvI paDAva nAkhyo ane momInakhAne bacAva karyo. chevaTe sadAzive vIsa hajAra rUpiyA pezakazInA lIdhA ane ghere uThA.43 emInakhAna pezvAne maLavA pUne jAya che have pezvAnA mANasa saiyada hasananI salAhathI mAmInakhAne suratanA aMgrejI koThInA kepTana sAthe maitrI karI. e maitrI khaMbhAtanI pheMkaTarInA kepTana mi. eskana mAraphate thaI.44 momInakhAnane pezvAne maLavA pUne javAnI IcchA hatI. paNa jamInamArga sahIsalAmata na lAgavAthI dariyA raste muMbAI thaIne javAnI sagavaDa karI ApavA mATe muMbaInI koThInA gavarnaranI rajA maMgAvI hatI te AvI. i. sa. 1759mAM vahANa mAraphate savArI khaMbhAtathI UpaDI surata AvI. suratanA kepTana spensare momInakhAnano sAro satkAra karyo ane bagIcAmAM utAra Apyo. tyAMthI DeIka (Drake) nAmanA vahANamAM tA. 17mI eprila 1759ne roja momInakhAnanI savArI muMbAI UtarI ane tyAM UtaratAM kinArA upara tenuM bhAna maLyuM.45 gavarnara mi. borazIare (Bourchier) paNa sAre satkAra karyo. muMbAImAM mAmInakhAne cAreka mahinA gALyA hoya ema samajAya che. A vakhate khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa phidAuddInakhAnanA putra muhammadajhamAna ane gulAbarAya pezakArane soMpyo hato. mAmInakhAnane pezvAe ApeluM mAna ane IgleMDa DAyarekaTarane lakhelo kAgaLa muMbAIthI tA. 4thI sapTembara 1759ne roja momInakhAne pUne javA prayANa karyuM.47 pezvAe pUnAmAM mAmInakhAnane ghaNo AdarasatkAra karyo. eka TukaDI pAMDuraMga vagerenI sAthe sAme levA mokalI. daravAje pezvAnA kAkAno dIkare sadAzivarAva levA Avyo. pezvAe ghaNuM mAna ApI momInakhAnane utAre mokalI eka hajAra rUpiyA mahemAnagIrI khAtara ApyA. te pachI momInakhAnane utAre sAmA maLavA (Return visit) mATe bAlAjIrAva pezvA, raghunAtharAva ane vizvAsarAva vagerene laIne gayA. mAmInakhAne paNa ghaNe satkAra karyo ane kiMmatI kApaDanA tAkA, rUperI sAja sAthe be jhaDapI gheDA, ratnajaDita kaMThI vagere pezvAne bheTa ApyuM. bIjA sAthe AvelAone paNa kara misate ahamadI ( ma. jha.). 43 e ja, YX 2 or 34a Bom. Gaz. I. I. 343. 45 Bom. Govt. Records. P. D. D. 32. P. 214. te nA mAnanuM ahamadI paNa lakhe che. khaMbhAta gejheTIaramAM A varNana nahi jevuM ApyuM che. muMbaImAM cAra mahinA rahyAnuM paNa sarakArI rekarDa uparathI samajAya che. 46 mirAte ahamadI. gu. bhA. (ka. mA. jha.) Yo Bom. Govt. Records. P.D.D. 33 P. 530. For Private and Personal Use Only

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rasvataMtra saMsthAna sau senA darajjA pramANe ApyuM. raghunAtharAvane ghaDe, kaMThI ne kApaDa ApyuM ane be mAsa pUnAmAM gALyA. nIkaLatI vakhate pezvAe momInapAnane vidAyagIrI tarIke eka hAthI, pizAka ane bIjAone pAghaDI dupaTTA ApyA.48 tA. 14mI Disembara 1759ne roja momInakhAnanI savArI pAchI muMbAI AvI ane te vakhate paNa tenuM mAna maLyuM.49 momInakhAne game te IcchAthI pUne jaI AvavA dhAryuM haze paraMtu pezvAnI mulAkAtathI baMnenA saMbadhamAM khAsa phera na paDyo ane navuM karAranAmuM thayuM temAM jUnI zarato ja kAyama rahI.50 muMbAImAM pAchA vaLatAM mAmInakhAne IgleMDamAM "korTa oNpha DAyarekaTarsane eka kAgaLa lakhyo. eno javAba DAyarekTara taraphathI ghaNo sAro Avyo. A kAgaLa momInakhAne dareka aMgreja resiDenTa ke dezI rAjAne batAvavA mATe saMgharI mUkyo hato.51 i.sa. 176 nA jAnyuArInI kamI tArIkhe sakasesa (Success) nAmanA vahANamAM besI memInakhAnanI savArI surata AvI.52 suratamAM pharIthI aMgrejo taraphathI AdarasatkAra thaye, ane kaeNpane eka ghaDo ane zirapAva momInakhAnane bheTa ApyAM. suratathI hAthI upara savArI khaMbhAta AvI. khabhAta AgaLa laDAi have memInakhAne pezvAnA mANasa gaNeza ApAjI sAthe ghaNI mahenate maitrI karI evI kunehathI kAma pAra pADyuM ke khaMbhAtamAMthI padhAne mANasa nIkaLI jAya ane bIjA hakka paNa na rahe. phakta vArSika rU. 84,000 pezvAne mAmInakhAna Ape. A vakhate (I.sa. 1761) marAThAoe ahamadazAha abadalIne hAthe sakhata hAra khAdhAthI dilhInI gAdImAM jera AvyuM ane sujAuddaulAnI mahoranuM pharamAna marAThAone gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavA mATenuM momInakhAna upara AvyuM. bAdazAhI lazkara memInakhAnanI madade mALavAne raste Ave che ane momInakhAna amadAvAda sara karavA nIkaLe che evI vAta cAlI. momInakhAna ane bharUcanA navAba sAthe maLI gayA ane baMnee thaI jaMbusara jItI lIdhuM. AthI pezvAnA tyAMnA amaladAra ApAjI gaNeze khaMbhAta upara caDAI karavA taiyArI karI. ahamadazAha abadalI hiMdustAna choDI gayAnA samAcArathI marAThAomAM pAchuM jera AvyuM hatuM. gUjarAtanA samAcAra sAMbhaLI pezvAe sadAziva rAmacaMdrane mokalyo hato. 48 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (ka. me. jha.) 49 Bom. Govt. Records P.D.D. 33. P. 783. 4o Bom. Gaz. VI. Cambay P. 227. pa1 e ja pR. 227-8, A kAgaLa ane DAyarekaTarainA javAbanI asala prata ke nakala mATe muMbaI gavarmenTa rekarDa aiphisamAM ghaNI tapAsa karI, paNa patto lAgyo nathI. para Bom. Govt. Records. P. D. D. 34. P. 16. khaMbhAta gejhaTIara (pR. 228) lakhe che ke muMbAIthI momInakhAne jamInamArge musApharI karI ane 1759nA varSanA aMta pahelAM khaMbhAta pahoMcyA. A bhUla che. sarakArI DAyarIo pramANe 1760nA jAnevArImAM muMbAIthI nIkaLyA ane surata sudhI vahANamAM AvI tyAMthI jamInamArga lIdhe. mirAte ahamadI paNa garata sudhI vahANamAM AvyAnuM lakhe che. 53 Bom. Govt. Re. 5 I. B. P. 14 P. 59 suratanA kepTane muMbaI lakheluM. (DAyarI -3-1760) ke khaMbhAtanA navAba kaMpanInA kAmamAM sAre rasa le che mATe A bheTa maMjUra karavI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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80 svataMtra saMsthAna dAmAjI gAyakavADe paNa ene madada mAkalI. A leAkAe bhegA thaI khaMbhAta ceAryAMzI paragaNAnAM gAma lUMTI mulaka tArAja karyAM. laDAI thaI temAM meAmInakhAnanI hAra thaI. bAdazAhI lazkara AvavAnI AzAmAM mAmInakhAnane gAvuM paDayuM. Akhare salAha karavI paDI. TharAvelI rUA. 84,000nI khaMDaNImAM e varSethI je rakama bAkI hatI meAmInakhAne bharI ApI.pa 54 nANAMbhIDa ane sakhta karaverA A badhAM kAraNeAthI meAmInakhAnane pAchI nANAMnI sakhata bhIDa paDI. e varasa sudhI marAThA sAthenA saMbaMdha sArA raheA. nANAMnI taMgI dUra karavA dIvAna AgA razIdabeganI avaLI salAhathI mAmInakhAne khaMbhAtanI prajA upara dhara dITha kara nAkhyA. A nANAM UbhAM karavAmAM prajAne ghaNA trAsa paDayA ane aradhuM khaMbhAta khAlI thai gayuM, tathA dhaNA vidvAna brAhmaNA surata bAju aMgrejonA rakSaNamAM cAlyA gayA. ATalI muzkelIthI phakta be lAkha rUpiyA maLI zakyA. evAmAM AgA razIda ega upara paisA khAdhAnA meAmInakhAnane vahema paDayA tethI ene keda karyAM. kedamAMthI chUTatAM surata nAsI javAnI keAziza karatAM pakaDAvAthI tene mArI nAkhavAmAM AvyA.55 I.sa. 1766mAM kALI ane kAThIene trAsa khaMbhAtane ane gAmaDAMone bahu naDayA. ethI khaMbhAta tAbAnAM gAma na lUMTe to rAjyanI hadamAM thaI temane javA devA ane dara varase cAra hajAra rUpiyA koLIone ApavA ema meAmInakhAne kabUla karyuM. dAmAjIrAvanA maraNa pachI pezvAnA bhAga aradhA hatA te kamI thai ceAtheA thayA. taLAne khaMbhAtane tAme A vakhate (I.sa. 1771) aMgrejoe kALI cAMciyAo pAsethI taLAjAnA killA ane aMdara jItI lIdhAM hatAM te meAmInakhAne rUA. 75,000mAM vecAtAM lIdhAM emAM evI zarata hatI ke kaMpanI sarakAra taraphathI meAmInakhAna rAkhe ane kaMpanInI rajA vagara kAine Ape nahi. kaMpanInI marajI hAya tyAre lazkara mATe vAparI zake. meAmInakhAne e varSa sudhI taLAjA khaMbhAta tAme rAkhyuM ane kaMpanInA kahevAthI bhAvanagaranA rAjAne ApI dIdhuM.56 zAMtinA dasake i.sa. 1772thI dasa varSa meAmInakhAnanA nAyaba tarIke khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa mirajhAM temananA hAthamAM rahyA. khaMbhAtanI paDatI jatI hAlata ane aneka laDAione lIdhe paDelI asAdhAraNa nANAMbhIDa pachI A vahIvaTa kAMIka vyavasthA ane zAMtinA hatA. e arasAmAM zAhajAdA khAnajahAnanuM maraNu nIpajyuM. I.sa. 1782mAM mirajhAM temanane keda karyAM hatA paNa pAchaLathI cheoDI mUkyA.57 A zAMtinA dasakAmAM mAmInakhAne gUjarAtane lagatI marAThAonI rAjakhaTapaTamAM bhAga lIdhA. dAmAjI gAyakavADane 54 Bom. Gaz. VI. 228 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. (TTa. mA.) 55 e ja pR. 228. gejheTIara ghaNA bhAre julama thayAnuM lakhe che. mirAte ahamadI mAtra dhara dITha verA nAkhyAnuM lakhe che. 56 e ja pR. 2289 ane neTa 1, 57 e ja pR. 229. For Private and Personal Use Only

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hA! che.vasa ''w.', nAmadAra navAbasAheba memInakhAna bIjA (i.sa. 1781mAM phormsa pratyakSa joine kareluM citra) For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna 81 cAra che|karA hatA. moTA sayAjIrAvamAM bahu sAmarthya na hAvAthI pezvAe khIjA gAviMdarAvanA pakSa kheMcyeA. cheka nAnA tehasiMharAve peAte sayAjIrAvanA nAyaba tarIke rahI meATAbhAinA pakSa tANyA. meAmInakhAne paNa phatehasiMhanA pakSamAM rahevAnuM ThIka dhAryuM tethI pezvA sAthe saMbaMdha bagaDayA. A bAbatamAM pezvAnI hAra thai ane jyAre radhunAtharAva pezvA hAra khAine khaMbhAta bAju AvyA tyAre mAmInakhAne ene khaMbhAtamAM na pesavA dIdhA tethI e bhAvanagara thaine muMbAi gayeA.58 I.sa. 1774mAM aMgrejonI madadathI mAmInakhAne peAtAnuM apamAna kareluM tenuM vera vALavA te khaMbhAta AvyA. eNe aMgreja senApatine kahyuM ke meAmInakhAnanuM zahera paDAvI lyeA. aMgrejone eTaluM badhuM karavAnuM kAMI khAsa kAraNa dekhAyuM nahi, ane marAThAonI sAme gUjarAtamAM bIjI sattA hAya te sArUM ema paNa dhAryuM. khaMbhAtanA resiDenTa sara cArlsa maeNleTe raghunAtharAvane meAmInakhAna uparanuM vera bhUlI javA ane ene bheTa vagerethI saMtApavA salAha ApI. thADA vakhata pachI aMgrejatI rAjanIti badalAi ane phatehasiMha sAthenA virAdha che|DI dIdhA. aMgrejonI lAgavaga UtarI gayA pachI meAmInakhAne phatehasiMha sAthe pharI salAha karIne gAviMdarAva sAmenI enI laDatamAM madada karI (i.sa. 1777). e arasAmAM phatehasiMhe meAmInakhAnane kAThIonA humalA aTakAvavA kahyuM ane meAmInakhAne kAThIone sAbaramatIthI pUrve AvatA aTakAvyA, jenA badalAmAM meAmInakhAnane9,000nI AvakanAM cha gAma maLyAM. A karAra chatAM meAmInakhAne kAThIo sAthe paNa saMbaMdha rAkhyA hatA. paNa marAThAo sAthenA mAmInakhAnanA saMbaMdha khabara paDatAM kAThIoe khaMbhAtanAM gAmaDAM lUMTatyAM. eTale meAmInakhAnane emanI sAthene saMbaMdha ThaMDI dai sAbaramatInA pUrva kinAre 1500 pAyadaLa ane 500 savAra rAkhavA paDyA. A lazkaranA kharca pahelAM maLelI gAmaDAMnI Avaka karatAM vadhAre thavAthI ktehasiMha pAsethI bIjA 20,000rUpiyA lIdhA. emAM 9,000 tehasiMha pAsethI, 10,000 pezvA pAsethI ane 25,00 mAtara tAlukAnI AvakamAMthI levAnA hatA. I.sa. 1780mAM aMgrejoe amadAvAda jItyA pachI phatehasiMhane pezvAnA mahI nadInI uttaranA bhAga maLyA eTale eNe khaMbhAtanI khaMDaNI cheADI dIdhI. AmAM aMgrejonA hAtha hovAthI badalAmAM meAmInakhAne aMgrejone khaMbhAtanA baMdarajakAtanA daravAjAnA hakka soMpyA. A daravAjAno hakka I.sa. 1783mAM pAcho maLyeA. e pachI sAlabAInA karAranAmAmAM pezvAnA bhAga karI naMkhAyA. I sa. 1782mAM mirajhAM temana dIvAnanA gayA pachI kutakhI khAnuma nAmanI eka suMdara strInI lAgavaga meAmInakhAna upara dhaNI hatI.59 enI salAhathI paNa karaverAnA trAsa vadhelA. paNa enI sattA bahu rahI nahi. i.sa. 1783mAM pAMtrIsa varSanuM lAMbuM rAjya karI meAmInakhAna avasAna pAmyA.60 A vakhate khaMbhAta zaheranI sthiti sArI nahotI. lAka pAse karaverAnA paisA paNa nahotA. aMgrejI koDInA dalAla sivAya kAinuM mAruM ghara nahotuM. 58 Bom. Gaz* VI. P. 23. para e ja pR. 230-31 kutakhI khAtuma meAmInakhAna phrelamInA kuTuMbanI hatI. enI vigata mATe jue e ja pR. 230 nATa 3. 60 e ja pR. 231 ane neTa 1. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna memInakhAna bIjAnuM cAritrya memInakhAna bIjAe khaMbhAtanuM rAjya lAMbI mudata sudhI karyuM. e vakhate paNa dezanA saMjogo emanA pitAnA samaya karatAM sArA nahotA. kadAca vadhAre kharAba saMjoga haze. dilhInI nAmanI ane AzvAsana ApavA jeTalI sattA paNa rahI nahotI. pANapatanI chellI laDAI pahelAM marAThAonuM mahArAjya hiMdamAM sarvopari hatuM. aTakathI kaTakA sudhInA vizALa mahArAjyanA mAlika sAthe khaMbhAta saMsthAnanA navAbane vAraMvAra athaDAmaNamAM AvavuM paDatuM. evA kasoTInA samayamAM momInakhAne je Takakara jhIlI che, amadAvAda zahera marAThAonA hAthamAMthI eka vAra paDAvI lIdhuM che ane bIjA je je parAkramonAM varNana agAu joI gayA te badhAM kayAM che, e badhuM sAthe jotAM mAmInakhAnanI hiMmata, bahAdurI ane rAjadvArI kuneha mATe mAna upajyA vagara rahe nahi. karaverA nAkhI nANAM UbhAM karavA mATe eka karatAM vadhAre vAra julama thayA haze enI nA kahevAya tema nathI, paraMtu je saMjogomAM evA upAya levA paDelA te jotAM eve vakhate koIpaNa rAjasattA zuM kare te hAlanI vIsamI sadInI samAnatAvAdanI dRSTithI na jotAM baso varSa pahelAMnI dRSTithI jovAnI jarUra che. marAThAoe pote paNa laDAIonA kharcanA bejAne pahoMcI vaLavA paisA kevI rIte UbhA karyA che te gUjarAtanA itihAsamAM ajANyuM nathI. chatAM paNa AgA razIdabega jevAnI salAha na levAI hata te prajA para karaverA mATe julama na thAta ema momInakhAnanuM AkhuM caritra jotAM samajAya che. gujarAtanA eka bAjunA eka nAnA saMsthAnanA rAjA hovA chatAM AkhA dezanA te samayanA rAjaprakaraNamAM bhAga levo te kAMI paNa sattva ane pratibhA vagara te na ja bane. mAmInakhAna bIjAmAM emanA pitA jeTalA uttama guNa nahotA, paNa hiMmata ane kuneha te eTalAM ja hatAM eTaluM kahyA vagara cAle tema nathI. jemsa ble lakhe che ke e pite khaMbhAta Avyo tyAre navAba sAhebanI umara Azare pacAsa varSanI haze. cahero sAra hato ne bAMdhe madhyama kadane hato. phorbsa kahe che ke momInakhAnAmAM kAryazakti eTalI badhI hatI ke je eTalA ja pramANamAM hadayanA bIjA udAra guNo hoya te e sAmrAjyanI gAdIne zobhAvI zake. 21 navAba sAhebane viveka AkhA hiMdustAnamAM jANIta hato ema phaoNrbsanuM varNana vAMcatAM jaNAya che. eNe navAba sAhebanuM citra paNa doreluM che. 13 61 Forbes Oriental Memoirs I. 320-25 mAM A varNana viratArathI karyuM che. dara e ja va. II. 172. 13 A citra orIenTa memeisanI asala AvRttimAM khaMbhAtanAM bIjAM da sAthe maLI Ave che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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earumas prakaraNa dasamuM svataMtra saMsthAna jesarse kareluM khaMbhAtanuM ane navAba sAhebanuM varNana. 1775 thI 1780 mo mInakhAna bIjAnA rAjyanA aMtabhAgamAM suratathI vahANane raste jemsa phaeNbsa nAmano 'LL aMgreja khaMbhAta Avelo. eNe khaMbhAtanuM sAruM varNana karyuM che ane rasamaya citro dorelAM che. e vakhate khaMbhAtamAM briTiza resiDenTa sara cArlsa maeNleTa hato. raghunAtharAva (rAbA) hAra khAIne khaMbhAta Avelo tathA navAbe ene na AvavA dIdho, ane thoDA vakhata pachI pharI AvyA tyAre navAbe kareluM apamAna e bhUlI gayA nahote, e ulekha agAu AvI gayo. rAghabA khaMbhAtamAM bIjI vAra Avyo tyAre UMkhyuM paNa tenI sAthe hato. eNe rAbA ane momInakhAnanI rItabhAtanuM sAruM varNana kareluM che. te rasamaya che khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM AvatAM khaMbhAta pAse vItharU (Quick-sands) che ane tenuM jokhama kevuM che tenuM tathA moTA vahANamAMthI nAnAmAM besI khaMbhAta najIka AvavuM paDe che tenuM varNana teNe kareluM che. phorbsa kahe che ke pANI UtarI jatAM kAdavamAM asaMkhya raMgaberaMgI nAnI mAchalIo mAlUma paDe che. khaMbhAtathI doDha mAIla cheTe rAghobA ane aMgreje hoDImAMthI UtaryA ane taMbuomAM rahyA. navAbe rAbAne sAruM bhAna ApyuM ane cAMdI sonAnA sikkAnI rokaDa bheTa ApI, tathA be arabI ghaDA, eka hAthI, kinakhAba, zAla, malamala vagere ghaNuM ApyuM. navAbe rAghobA tarapha ghaNe bhAva batAvI viveka e batAvyuM ke pahelAM kareluM apamAna jANe bhUlAvavA yatna karyo hoya. ethI UlaTuM rAbAnI vartaNUka pahelAMnuM apamAna bhUlI na gayo hoya evI hatI. rAbAe AvelA darekane pAnabIDuM ane attaragulAba ApyAM. e pachI badhI chAvaNI nAgasara taLAva upara AvI paDI. navAba taraphathI vakhatovakhata mogala rItanAM khANAnA pacAsa thALa AvatA. phorbsanA varNana uparathI rAbA dilakhuza bAganA makAnamAM Utaryo hoya ema jaNAya che. phaoNrbsa lakhe che ke UMcA mogala khAnadAnane lAyaka je sabhyatA momInakhAne batAvI tene hisAbe rAghobAnI vartaNUka jaMgalI jevI hatI ane je aMgreja gRhastha sAthe hatA teo e brAhmaNa mahArAjAdhirAjathI ghaNA kaMTALI gayA. surata ane khaMbhAtanA navAbe e vicitra rItabhAta sAme jAheramAM TIkA karI. kaeNmbe lakhe che ke pUrvanA dezonA itihAsamAM eka vakhata prasiddha, ane TolemInA kamenIsa' (camanes)nA sthaLa upara vaseluM khaMbhAta te hAla taddana badalAI gayuM che. enI suMdaratA garIbAI sAthe maLI gaI che ane ghaNA bhAga havA thaI gayA che. rastA ujajaDa dekhAya che. majido ane James Forbes: Oriental Memoir's Vol. 1 Chap. XVI (Richard Bontley-1834 Edition). 2 e ja pR. 318. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna 4 mahelA paDI jAya tevA dekhAya che, chatAM bhUtakALanI jAheAjalAlI ane manuSyanAM banAvelAM sthaLAnI kSaNabhaMguratA te vyakta kare che. pALA paNa ghaNIkharI ujjaDa jevI lAge che. jImAmasjida ane rAjamahela sivAya jovAlAyaka makAna khIjuM dekhAtuM nathI.3 kArmsanA utArA nAraMgasara pAsenA bagIcAnA mahelamAM hatA ema lAge che.4 vaLI phrAmse lakhe che ke laDAie ane nANAMnI sakhata bhIDane lIdhe paDelA karaverAthI rAjyanI vastIne nukasAna pahoMcyuM hatuM ane ghaNA khIje rahevA cAlyA gayA hatA, chatAM paNa vivekamAM AkhA hiMdustAnamAM mAmInakhAnanA joTA nahAtA. te vakhatanA nAyaba (vajhIra) mirajhA muhammadasamAne pAtAnA mahelanI agAsI upara aMgrejone khANuM ApeluM ane nAcagAna karAvelAM tathA khArAM badAmapistAM vaheMcelAM vagere varNana te samayanI rAjavaMzI rItabhAta upara ThIka prakAza nAkhe che. phArmsa lakhe che ke khaMbhAtanI najIkamAM e vakhate rAnI janAvareA sArA pramANamAM hatAM. navAbane zikAranA zAkha paNa sArA hatA. khaMbhAtathI khAreka mAila cheTe sAbaramatIne kinAre eka vakhata eka aMgreja TALIe siMhanA zikAra karyAMnuM paNa te lakhe che. eTale tyAM sudhI kAThIAvADanAM jaMgaleAnA siMha AvatA haraze ema samajAya che.pa suhammada kulIkhAna navAma. 1783thI 1989 peAtAnA maraNa agAu cAra mahinA pahelAM mAmInakhAne najImakhAnanA putra muhammada kulIkhAnane peAtAnA vArasa TharAvyA hatA.6 muhammada kulIkhAna meAmInakhAnane jamAi paNa thatA hatA. meAmInakhAnanI putrI joganI khAtuma sAthe enuM lagna thayuM hatuM.7 gayA prakaraNamAM joyuM tema meAmInakhAnanA amalamAM krutI khAnumanI lAgavaga vadhAre hatI, eneA ane meAmInakhAnane mirajhAM jAnI nAmaneA eka putra hatA. kutakhI khAnume darabAranAM lAgavagavALAM mANasAne potAnA pakSamAM lai jAnI mirajhAMne navAba tarIke jAhera karyAM. AmAM je TaMTA thayA temAM muhammada kulIkhAnanI chata thai ane kutI khAnuma, enI bahena jalIya begama tathA enA pakSakArAne khaMbhAta cheDI javuM paDayuM. muhammada kulIkhAnanA rAjyamAM koi khAsa banAva banyA nathI. phakta eka vakhata vaDAdarAnI hadamAMthI tApIdAsa nAmanA gunehagAra nAsI AvI khaMbhAtamAM rahyo hatA, tenI gAyakavADanA amaladAre mAgaNI karatAM navAe nA pADelI; tethI tesiMharAva gAyakavADa khaMbhAta upara caDI AvelA. tApI 3 e ja pR. 319. 4 phaoNrbsanuM varNana gATALAbhareluM cheH eka vAra phaoNrbse pAte ane bIjI vAra rAdhAbA nAraMgasara pAsenA bAgamAM rahetA hatA ema lakhe che. 5 e ja pR. 177182, 6 muhammada kulInI mA sAthe najamakhAne nIkA pahelA nahAtA. najamakhAna te meAmInakhAnanI sAvakI bahena khAnuma eMgama sAthe paraNyA hatA, paNu tene saMtAna nahotuM. muhammada kulI jenuM pahelAMnuM nAma miyAM manu hatuM tene khAnuma begame uzkerI mATA karyAM hatA. juo Bom. Gaz. VI Cambay P. 231. 7 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 231, joganI khAnumanI mA sAthe meAmInakhAne nIkA pahelA nahotA. 8 e ja pu. 231. For Private and Personal Use Only

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' ta nA I.sa. 102mAM khaMbhAta zaheranI dakSiNa bAjuno dekhAva (phArmsa erIenTala masaudase graMtha 2 pAnuM Da) For Private and Personal Use Only

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85 svataMtra saMsthAna dAsa e sAMbhaLI nAsI gayo ane navAbane rUA. 15,000 phatehasiMharAvane ApavAnI pharaja paDI. A sivAya muhammada kulIkhAnanA rAjyano samaya zAMtine hato ane vahIvaTa sAre hate. cha varSanA rAjya pachI I.sa. 178lmAM muhammada kulIkhAnanuM avasAna thayuM. tehaalIkhAna navAba. 1784 muhammada kulIkhAnane traNa putra hatAH phatehaalIkhAna baMdaalIkhAna ane yAvaraalIkhAna. pitAnA avasAna pachI jeSTha putra phatehaalIkhAnane gAdI maLI. vaDodarAmAM phatesiMharAva gAyakavADane ane mAmInakhAnane saMbaMdha hato te agAu joI gayA. phatehasiMharAvanA maraNa pachI enA bhAI bhAnArAva gAdIe AvyA. e mAnAjIrAva gAdIe AvyA pachI tarata ja, phatehasiMharAve kAThIonA humalA sAme rakSaNa mATe rAkhelA khaMbhAtanA lazkaranA kharca peTe cha gAma ApelAM te pAchAM mAgyAM. phatehaalIkhAne e vAtanI nA pADI. chevaTe samAdhAna evI rIte thayuM ke vaDodarA darabAra kAThIo sAmenA rakSaNanA kharcanA je vadhArAnA dasa hajAra rUpiyA Ape che te baMdha karavA ane cha gAma khaMbhAta darabArane tAbe rahe. A vakhate navAba sAhebe dilhInA bAdazAhane moTI bheTo mokalI ApI. tenA badalAmAM dilhIthI khaMbhAtanA navAbane vaMzaparaMparAne "najamuddaulA, mumatAjha-ula-mulka, momInakhAna bahAdura dilAvarajaMga ne mAnavaMtA ilkAba Apyo ane chahajArI manasaba ApI khaMbhAtanA navAba tarIkenuM pada jAhera karyuM.10 marAThAonuM naDatara phatehaalIkhAna navAba sAhebanA rAjyanAM zarUAtanAM varSomAM marAThAo sAthe vAMdhA paDayA karyA. I.sa. 1792mAM cha gAma mATeno jhaghaDe karI UTho ane vaDedarA darabAre e gAma khAlasA karyA; paNa thoDA vakhata pachI pAchAM ApyAM. i.sa. 1799nA arasAmAM pezvAne saradAra AtmArAma bhAu khaMbhAta rAjyanI hadamAM peThe, paNa ene 30,000 rUpiyA maLavAthI pAcho gayo. I.sa. 1800mAM ANaMdarAva gAyakavADanA saradAra bAlAjI ApAjIe kAThiyAvADanI caDelI pezakazI UgharAvavAne bahAne khaMbhAta AgaLathI pasAra thatAM khaMbhAtanA navAba pAsethI rUpiyA 50,000 lIdhA.1 vasAinA karAra A vakhate khaMbhAtane vepAra sAro nahoto. aMgrejone khaMbhAtamAM koThI rAkhavAmAM pisANa nahotuM e vAta AgaLa carcA che.12 e arasAmAM kaDImAM rahelA malhArarAve pitAnA kAkAnA chokarA ANaMdarAva pAsethI vaDodarA laI levA dhAryuM. vaDodarA darabAre muMbaI sarakAranI madada mAgyAthI muMbAIthI Isa. 180ramAM mejara veMkaranI saradArI nIce lazkara AvyuM ane khaMbhAta UtaryuM. e e ja pR. 231. 10Bom. Gaz, VI. P. 231. 11 e ja pR. 232. 12 aMgrejI kAThInA judA prakaraNamAM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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86 svataMtra saMsthAna lazkara sAthe muMbaInA e vakhatanA gavarnara mi. DaMkana paNa hatA. eNe gAyakavADanA pradhAna rAvajI ApAjI sAthe khaMbhAtamAM masalata karI. e vakhate je karAra thayA temAM khaMbhAtanA hakkamAM kAMI pheraphAra thayA nahi; paraMtu e ja varSanA Akhara mahinAnI Akhara tArIkhe je vasAInI suleha thaI temAM pezvAnA khaMbhAtane lagatA badhA hakka briTiza sarakArane maLyA. 13 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vaDodarA sAthe cha gAma bhAkhata jhaghaDA huM i. sa. 1806mAM bAlAjI ApAe kAThIone vaza karyAM, eTale kADhIne mATe khaMbhAta darabAre sAbaramatIne kAMThe je killA vagere bacAvanAM sAdhana UbhAM karelAM te nakAmAM gayAM. AthI gAyakavADanA mahIkAMThAnA saradAra bApu kAzIne hukama AvyA ke khaMbhAtane ApelAM cha gAma have khAlasA karI levAM. eja vakhate bApu kAzIe khaMbhAta tAbAnAM bIjAM ghaNAM gAmamAMthI paNa paisA udharAvavAnA mucarakA lakhAvI levA mAMDavA. AthI khaMbhAta darabAre muMbAi sakArane lakhANa karyuM ane vaDAdarAnA resiDenTa mejara vAkare evuM samAdhAna karyuM ke khaMbhAta darabAra vaDodarA darabAranuM vyAjakhI leNuM ApI de14 ane vaDAdarA darabAre emaNe lIdhelAM khaMbhAtanAM gAmeAnA mucarakA pAchA ApI devA. e pachI aMgrejanI sattA gujarAtamAM vadhatI javAthI phaMTA bakheDA ochA thavA lAgyA ane koIpaNa jhaghaDAnI bAbatamAM muMbAI sarakAra vacce paDavAthI tene turata nikAla thaI javA lAgyA. eTale i. sa. 1818mAM briTizAe gujarAtanA saMpUrNa kabajo lIdhA tyAMsudhI koi jANavA jevA rAjadvArI banAva khaMbhAtane lagatA banyA nathI. i. sa. 1818mAM briTiza sattA gujarAtamAM vyavasthita rIte jAmI gai, eTale khaMbhAtamAM judA resiDenTa rAkhavA baMdha karyo ane kheDAnA klekTarane khaMbhAta rAjyanA poliTikala ejanTa harAvyA. i. sa. 1827mAM navAba phatehaalIkhAnanuM avasAna thayuM.pa navAba sAhema baMdealIkhAna 1823-1841 tathA navAma sAhema husenayAvarakhAna 1841-1880 navAba phatehaalIkhAnane putra nahAtA, eTale emanA bhAi baMnnealI khAna gAdIe AvyA. emanA aDhAra varSanA amala daramyAna koi khAsa jANavA jevA banAva banyA nathI. khaMbhAtamAM zAMti rahI hatI. i.sa. 1841nA mArcanI 15mI tArIkhe navAba baMdealIkhAna behastanazIna thayA. emane paNa putra nahAtA eTale gAdI emanA bhAI yAvaraalIkhAnane maLI. paraMtu emaNe gAdInA hakka peAtAnA zAhajAdA husainayAvarakhAnane ApI dIdhA.16 13 Aitchison's Treaties VII.58-59 pahelAM ceAtha amadAvAda levAnI madada badala gAyakavADane apAtI te pezvAne apAvA lAgelI te 1802mAM briTizane maLI. 1807 sudhI darakhAre ene IjArA rAkhelA te pUrA thaye! ane ceAtha khaMDaNInA rUpamAM pharI gaI ! 15 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 232. 16 e ja. 14 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 232 I.sa. 1803-4mAM nApADa TappA mATe briTiza sAthe karAranAmuM thayuM temAM khaMbhAtanA vahIvaTadAra tarIke javAlAnAtha roya nAmanA mANasanuM nAma Ave che. karAra darabAra taraphathI vAlAnAthe karelA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna baMdara mATe thaelA kAra 1853-1856 vasAinA karAramAM pezvAnA hakka briTiza sarakArane maLyA. temAM sAmAnya ceAtha uparAMta aMdaranI ane jamInamArganI jakAtanuM kharca bAda jatAM darabAra sAheba ane briTizanA aradhA bhAga hatA.17 i.sa. 1853mAM khaMbhAta darabAre briTizanI mAphaka mIThAnI jakAta nAkhavAnuM ane rAjyanI hadamAM rahelA mIThAnA agara baMdha karavAnuM kabUla karyuM. A karArathI briTiza sarakAre jamInamArganI jakAtanA potAnA bhAga cheADI dIdhA. mIThAnI jakAtamAM darabArane aradhA bhAga dAkhala karavAmAM AvyA.18 dariyAi jakAtamAM paNa sudhArA karavAnuM darabAra sAhebane sUcavavAmAM AvyuM. e vakhate dareka vastu upara jakAta judAMjudAM nAmathI levAmAM AvatI ane judIjudI vastu upara je je aMdarethI te AvatI te te baMdaranI judAjudA darathI levAtI. koivAra vepArInI nAtajAta uparathI paNa jakAta nakkI thatI. A sudhArA nakkI karavA mATe briTiza sarakAranA e amaladArA ane thADA khaMbhAta darabAranA amaladAre|nI kiMmaTI nImavAmAM AvI. dareka vastu mATe amuka TakA jakAtane dara nakkI karavA e te kamiTInuM mukhya kAma hatuM.19 khaMbhAta thaine jatAAvatA mAlanI rAhadArInA niyame nakkI thayA ane briTiza baMdarAe jatA mAla ke tyAMthI Avate mAla temaja rAjyanI vaparAzane mAla eTalA mATe phera karavAmAM AvyeA. 87 navAba sAheba husenathAvarakhAnanuM avasAna i. sa. 1862mAM mahArANI vikTeriyAnI icchAthI vAisaraoNya lArDa keniMge khaMbhAtanA navAba sAhebane sarakArI sanada mekalI. e sanaMdathI khaMbhAta rAjyanuM saMpUrNa mAna kAyama rAkhI musalamAna zaha pramANe vArasa na hoya tyAre dattaka levAnA hakka kabUla rAkhyA.20 I.sa. 1880nA eprilamAM lAMbuM rAjya karI navAba sAheba husenayAvarakhAna jinnatanazIna thayA. emane sAta zAhajAdA hatA. (1) janAme jA+-raalIkhAna sAheba, (2) najImakhAna sAheba, (3) nurUddIna muhammada sAheba, (4) khAkaraalIkhAna sAheba, (5) naMdealIkhAna sAheba, (6) alIyAvarakhAna sAheba ane (7) ktehaalIkhAna sAheba. emAM pahelA traNa sagA bhAio hatA, bAkInA oramAna hatA. ktehaalIkhAna sAheba emanA pitAnI hayAtImAM svargavAsa pAmyA hatA. vaDA zAhajAdA jApharaalIkhAna sAhebane gAdI maLI. navAba husenayAvarakhAna sAheba ghaNA mAyALu, parApakArI ane udAra hatA. dareka dharma pALanArAAne samAna draSTithI zvetA ane nyAyI hatA.21 For Private and Personal Use Only 17 Aitchison's Treaties VII. 59. AThe AnA kharcanA darabAra kApI le; pachI aradhe! bhAga eTale kharI rIte ceAthe| bhAga. jue pR. 67. 18 e ja pR. 59. 19 e ja pR. pa9 ane 66-77 20 e ja pR. 77-78 21 khaMbhAtanA itihAsa-jugalabhAI maMgaLarAma paMDayA kRta, emAM cAre bhAionAM nAma ApyAM che. lekhaka lakhe che ke navAba sAheba husenayAvarakhAnanI kabara upara mAnatA cAle che ane nAriyeLa tathA ghoDA caDe che. pR. 55. nurUddIna muhammadakhAna tA. 25mI eprila 1895nA roja ane nannumakhAna sAheba tA. 20mI eprila 1898nA roja e behastanazIna thayA.

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8. svataMtra saMsthAna alIkhAna sAheba 1880-1915 navAma sAheba jA navAba sAheba jApharaalIkhAna sAhebanA janma I.sa. 1848mAM 26mI AgasTane rAja thayA hatA. emanA lAMbA ane yazasvI rAjyavahIvaTamAM khaMbhAta rAjyamAM dhaNA sArA sudhArA ane pheraphAra thayA. egaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM hiMdustAnamAM evI zAMti phelAI hatI ke pahelAMnAM yuddA ane eka rAjyanI khIjA rAjya sAthenI khaTapaTA tathA athaDAmaNe| sadAne mATe baMdha paDI hatI. eTale e samaya pachInA itihAsa te lazkaranI avarajavareA ke yuddAne niha paNa leAkeAnI pragati ane prajAmatanI khIlavaNIno itihAsa che. kharI rIte e yuga Athaka yuga che, eTale AkhA hiMdustAnanI peThe khaMbhAtanA itihAsa paNa tyArathI Arthika svarUpamAM zarU thAya che. jakAtanAM karAranAmAM i. sa. 1881mAM khaMbhAta darabArane hiMdI sarakAra sAthe eka karAranAmuM thayuM. temAM nakkI thayuM ke khaMbhAtamAM haMmezane mATe tamAma agara baMdha karavA temaja khaMbhAtamAM mIThuM bahArathI lAvavuM nahi ke banAvIne bahAra meAkalavuM niha. AnA badalAmAM khaMbhAta darabArane dara varSe 40,000 rUpiyA ane 500 maNu mIThuM upayeAga mATe maLe.22 e ja sAlamAM eka karAranAmuM rAjyanI hadamAM aphINa vAvavuM nahi tathA anAvavuM nahi e bAbatanuM thayuM, temaja pachI AgaLa upara i. sa. 1897mAM aSINanA vecANa vagere mATe paNa karAra thayA. i. sa. 1884-85mAM 1856nA jakAtane lagatA karAra rada thayA ane briTiza hiMdustAnanI mArkakanA jakAtanA dara khaMbhAta rAjyamAM nakkI karavAmAM AvyA. hiMdI sarakAre ceAtha vagerenA hakka kADhI nAkhyA ane koI jAtanI jakAta, mahesula vageremAM vacce paDavAnuM baMdha karyuM. para`tu jo avyavasthA jevuM lAge teA hiMdI sarakAra vacce paDe ema TharAvyuM.23 I. sa. 1888mAM hiMdI sarakAranI sUcanAthI khaMbhAta rAjyamAM vepArarAjagAranI chUTa (free trade) thaI ane dareka udyAga vagere upara levAnuM mahesula nIkaLI gayuM.24 e ja varSanI zarUAtathI khaMbhAtanI AbakArI upajane paTA dasa varSa mATe hiMdI sarakAre rAkhyA ane mahinAnA haptAthI dara varSe 35,000 rUpiyA darabArane ApavAnuM nakkI thayuM. A karAra gavarnara janarale kabUla rAkhyA. I. sa. 1897mAM pAMca varSa mATe paTA laMbAvyA. I. sa. 1904mAM briTiza jillA sAthe AbakArI khAtuM meLavI devAnuM TharAvyuM ane baMne pakSa kabUla thAya teA dasa varSe karAra karI karavA ema TharyuM.25 hullaDa 1890 i. sa. 1890mAM khaMbhAtamAM eka hullaDa thayuM hatuM. ane te zAMta karavA briTiza sarakArane lakhyuM hatuM. khaMbhAtanI polIse dhaNuM karavA chatAM hullaDakheArA verAyA nahAtA. lazkaranA upayoga karavA paDayA. keTalAkanI khuvArI paNa thaI. A hullaDanI tapAsa karatAM te vakhatanA dIvAna zAmarAva 22 Aitchison's Treaties. VII.P. 81-82, rUpiyA be hapate ApavAnA tathAmIDhuM ANaMda sTezane pahoMcatuM karavAnuM. 23 e ja pR. 73-74. 24 e ja pR. 85-86, 25 e ja rR, 86-91. For Private and Personal Use Only

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i. sa. 18mAM dilakhurA bagIcAne dekhAva phorbsa orIenTala me mAsa) For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna lADanA vahIvaTamAM bahu avyavasthA jaNAI, tethI zAmarAvane nAlAyaka TharAvI hiMdI sarakAre khAsa amaladAra vahIvaTa karavA mATe nImyA ane e amaladAranI sahAya tathA navAba sAhebanI saMmatithI rAjataMtramAM keTalAka sudhArA karyA. i. sa. 1894mAM e amaladArane pAchA bolAvI laIne vahIvaTa pAcho darabArane so; ane muMbAIne gavarnara lorDa haeNrisano kharIto Avelo te mujaba vyavasthA karavA kabUlAta apAi.27 aMkazALa baMdha Isa. 1901mAM khaMbhAtamAM rAjyanuM potAnuM rUpAnANuM cAlatuM hatuM te baMdha thayuM. rAjyanI TaMkazALa 50 varSa sudhI baMdha karavI ane hiMdI sarakAranI maMjUrI vagara ughADavI nahi ema karyuM. khaMbhAtanA rUpiyA briTiza sarakAre 129 rUpiyAnA 100 muMbaIgarA e darathI badalI ApyA.28 I. sa. 1902mAM tA. 20mI jUne khaMbhAta darabAre bombe baraDA enDa senTrala InDiyA relave sAthe karAra karyA ane rU. 12,00,000nA kharce tArApurathI khaMbhAta sudhI relave nAkhI ANaMdathI peTalAdanI relavene joDI dIdhI. e arasAmAM prakhyAta chapane dukALa paDavAthI khaMbhAtanI vastI 16 TakA ghaTI gai.30 vahIvaTI sudhArA navAba sAheba jAphaalIkhAna sAhebanA rAjyamAM vahIvaTamAM agatyanA sudhArA thayA. ghaNAMkharAM khAtAMomAM briTiza jillAo je vahIvaTa dAkhala thayo. prAthamika keLavaNI maphata karI nizALa kADhI ane aMgrejI keLavaNI mATe eMglo varnAkyulara nizALa paNa kADhI. khaMbhAtamAM pANI khAruM hovAthI mIThA pANInI moTI TAMkI yaMtrabaLathI cAlatI karAvIne prajAne sukha ApyuM. puruSo ane strIone mATe davAkhAnAM paNa baMdhAvyAM. navAba jApharaalIkhAna sAheba ghaNuM dayALu rAjyakartA hatA. hiMdu musalamAna pratye emane sarakhI lAgaNI hatI. be hiMdunA ane be musalamAnanA tahevAramAM savArI caDatI. hiMdunA tahevAranI savArI vakhate navAba sAhebane prajA taraphathI bahumAna maLatuM ane AkhA zaheramAM rastAomAM loke toraNa bAMdhatA tathA phUlahArathI navAba sAhebane vadhAvatA. navAba sAheba prajAnAM sukhadu:khathI jAte mAhitagAra thavA mATe sAdA poSAkamAM nagaracaryA karavA paNa jatA ane koI vAra chUpe veze gAmaDAMmAM jaIne paNa garIba prajAnAM duHkha jANuM te dUra karavAno prayatna karatA. ema kahevAya che ke navAba jApharaalIkhAna sAhebane nAnAM bALako upara ghaNe bhAva hato. bagIcAmAM ke bahAra pharavA jAya tyAre nAnA chokarAne belAvIne ramata ramADatA. koI koI vAra nizALomAM 26 e ja pR. 60-61. A amaladAro mi. keneDI ane sa.kezavalAla hIrAlAla (amadAvAdavALA) hatA. 27 e ja pR. 92. 28 e ja pU. 61. 29 e ja pR. 61. 30 Enc. Britanica. Vol. V. Cambay. For Private and Personal Use Only

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svataMtra saMsthAna jaI bALakone mIThAI vaheMcatA. 1911nA dilhI darabAramAMthI AvyA bAda eo sAhebe eka vakhata badhI zALAonAM bALakone jamADaDyAM hatAM. bALake emanI pAse vinA saMkoce AvI zakatAM ane koI emane roke to te mANasa upara navAba sAheba nArAja thatA. prajAne emanA upara ghaNo ja prema hato ane prajA emane rAjA hovA chatAM eka pavitra sAdhu puruSa jevA gaNatI. emano svabhAva ghaNo zAMta ane raheNIkaraNa ghaNuM ja sAdI hatI. i. sa. 1915mAM 21mI jAnyuArIne roja 67 varSanI umare e behastanazIna thayA. emanA rAjyanA pAchalA samayamAM khaMbhAta zahera paNa sudharatuM gayuM ane sArAM zobhAyamAna zaheronI paMktimAM AvyuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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USUM prakaraNa agiyAramuM aMgrejI koThI prathama Agamana LdustAnamAM maMgala mahArAjyanA nAza pachI ethI paNa moTuM ane baLavAna sAmrAjya sthApanAra hiMdustAnathI pAMca hajAra mAIla cheTe rahenAra vepArI prajAne zarUAtamAM khabara paNa nahatI ke marI, kariyANuM ane kApaDanA vepAramAMthI moTuM mahArAjya maLaze. I.sa. 1583mAM aMgrejone, Daca vagere lokone hiMdustAnanA vepAramAMthI ghaNuM kamAtA joIne hiMda sAthe vepAra karavAnI IcchA tIvra thaI. e vakhatanI IglaMDanI rANI ilijhAbetha pAsethI hiMdanA samrATa akabara upara eka patra meLavI eka sAhasika TukaDI pUrva tarapha nIkaLI paDI. porTugIjhanI peThe e loke pUrvanA mUrtipUjakone Izu khristane dharma samajAvavA taravAra laIne nahotA AvyA. Daca lokonI peThe emane pitAnI sarakArano pUre Teke paNa nahoto. aMgreje kevaLa sAhasathI prerAIvepAra arthe ja hiMdustAnamAM AvyA hatA. "khabhAta'nA zahenazAha upara potAnA rAjyakartAno kAgaLa laI "khaMbhAta" nA mahArAjya sAthe vepAra karI kamAvAnA zuddha udeza sivAya emane bIjI koI IcchA nahotI. emAMthI emane mahArAjya sAMpaDayuM. e te khetara kheDavA jatAM moTo dhanabhaMDAra hAtha lAge enA jevuM nathI? aMgrejonuM hiMdanuM sAmrAjya e jagatanA ItihAsanI eka navAI; nasIbamAM na mAnanArAne nasIbanI vicitratAne eka adbhuta dAkhalo. soLamI sadInA aMta bhAgamAM AvelI pahelI TukaDI "khaMbhAtanA rAjya sAthe vepAra saMbaMdha karavAmAM saphaLa na thaI. e pachI hiMda AvavAnA prayatno cAlu ja rahyA. akabaranA darabAramAM rahelA je suITa pAdarIoe aMgrejo viruddha darabAramAM khaTapaTa karavAmAM kAMIbAkI na rAkhyuM. sattaramI sadInI zarUAtamAM (16 07)mAM hokInsane eka kAphalo surata baMdara javAnA spaSTa AdezathI mokalyo. lAMbI ane kaMTALAbharelI saphara karI kepa oNpha guDa hopane raste thaIne eka varase kAphalo eDana pAsenA sokeTrA beTamAM Avyo. tyAM keTalAka hiMdu gUjarAtI vepArIonI salAhathI comAsuM vitAvyA pachI hiMda tarapha javAnuM nakkI karyuM ane keTaleka mahine surata AvyA. e vakhate jahAMgIranA rAjyamAM mukarabakhAna amadAvAdano subo hato. aMgrejo ene surata ane khaMbhAtano su kahe che. aMgrejone British Beginnings in India:-Rowlinson: P. 28. 'Elizabeth.by grace of god etc. To the most invinsible and most mightie Prince lord Zelabdim Echebar king of Cambay. Invinsible Emperor etc.' e pramANe kAgaLanI zarUAta che. 2 e ja 5.40. gujarAtI hiduo heramajha sekA vagere jagyAoe sthAyI thaI rahelA hatA enA bIjA purAvA paNa maLe che. sekerAnA gUjarAtIoe khAsa karIne vahANavaTIoe mAsAmAM hiMda na javA salAha ApI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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2 aMgrejI keDI enI sAthe banAva nahote. khaMbhAtamAM rahelA porTugIjhoe paNa aMgrejone naDavAmAM bAkI na rAkhyuM. I. sa. 1613nI lagabhagamAM aMgrejoe suratamAM kaThI sthApI, ane I.sa. 1615thI 18 sudhImAM khaMbhAta, bharUca, vaDodarA, amadAvAda, ane AgrAmAM paNa zAkhAo kADhI. A khaMbhAtanI koThI chevaTa sudhI, suratanI kaThI muMbAInI zAkhA banyA pachI paNa, suratanI zAkhA ja rahI. sattaramI sadI . sa. 1617-18mAM IMgleMDanA rAjAnA elacI tarIke sara TaeNmasa re surata AvyuM. eNe aMgreja vepArIonA vepAranA haka mATe jahAMgIranA darabAramAM sAro prayatna karyo. surata, khaMbhAta ghoghA, siMdha ane baMgALAmAM vagara harakata vepAra karavA mATe aMgrejoe mAgaNI karI. sattaramI sadImAM A rIte suratanI zAkhA tarIke khaMbhAtamAM aMgrejI kaThI thayA chatAM cheka i. sa. 1720mAM, khaMbhAta saMsthAnI svataMtra thavAnI zarUAta kare che tyAM sudhI aMgrejI kaThIne lagatI hakIkatamAM kAMI khAsa navAjUnI noMdhAyelI nathI. lagabhaga A eka sadI aMgrejoe hiMdustAnanA rAjakAraNamAM kAMI bhAga lIdhelo na hovAthI ane kevaLa vepAra upara ja dhyAna ApavAthI vepArIonA kAgaLomAM vepAradhaMdhA ane mAla tathA vahANanI AvakajAvakanA khaMbhAtane lagatA ullekho mAtra maLe che. AvA ullekho A eka sadInA samaya daramyAna ghaNuM che. paraMtu kaThInA itihAsa mATe ethI kAMI khAsa jANavAnuM maLatuM nathI. zivAjI vagerenI lUMTa vakhate aMgrejI keThInA mANasoe je bhAga sattaramI sadImAM lIdhelo te paNa suratanA ItihAsane lagate hAI khaMbhAta mATe kAMI khAsa jANavA jevuM banyuM nathI. koThInA vepAranI hakIkata paNa suratanI zAkhA hovAne lIdhe suratanI hakIktamAM samAI jAya che. I. sa. 1633mAM suratanI kaThIne pramukha hepakInsana gayo ane enI jagyAe methelDa (Methwold) Avyo. A mANasa DAhyo ane hoziyAra hato. phekTarI zAMtithI vepAra karI zake tethI eNe porTugIjha sAthe salAha karI ane porTugIjhanA subAne maLavA gayA paNa jaI Avyo. mi. metholDane surata baMdara IsTa InDiA kaMpanInA mathaka tarIke ThIka na lAgyuM hoya ema lAge che. eNe kaMpanIne suratanuM mukhya mathaka badalIne amadAvAda lAvavA lakhyuM hatuM ane amadAvAdanAM baMdara tarIke khaMbhAta ane ghoghA rAkhavA sUcavyuM hatuM. paraMtu e vakhate iMglaMDamAM cArlsa pahelAne 3 e ja pra. 42. viliyama haikInsa lakhe che ke khaMbhAta baMdara enA hAtha nIce hatuM. Early Travels. P. 63. 4 e ja pR. 73. British Beginnigs in W. India Rawlinson P. IOI. A Embasay of Sir Thomas Roe.: Foster: Oxford P. 320.AmAM sara Tomasa raoN paNa kaMpanIne lakhe che ke baMgALAmAM phekaTarI kADhavAnI rajA levAne badale amadAvAda ekaluM ja eka vahANa bharI kADhe eTalo mAla ApI zake ane enI pAse AveluM khaMbhAta tathA bharUca kApaDa kAmaLA vagere ghaNe bhAla ApI zake tema che. pR. 480mAM paNa jevuM. khaMbhAtamAM phekaTarI mATe I. sa. 1616 sudhI prayatna cAlu hato eTale te pahelAM phekaTarI nahatI. P. 29-30. khaMbhAtanI aMgrejI keDIne lagatA sAmAnya ullekha mATe juo The English Factories 16161623 William Foster: Oxford. emAM paNa ullekha che. pR. 309mAM surata, khaMbhAta, ghedhA, siMdha ane baMgALamAM vepAranI Tane lagatA jahAMgIranA hukamano ullekha che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMgrejI kADhI 93 kaMpanI sAthe khaTapaTa thavAthI e hetu pAra paDayA niha. ane khaMbhAta suratanA hAtha nIce rahyuM. i. sa. 1660thI 1700nI vacamAM teA phekaTarI hatI ke nahi te zaMkA che. Insa ane bIDavela resiDenTa aDhAramI sadInAM pahelAM vIsa varSomAM paNa khAsa noMdhavA lAyaka kAMi banyuM nathI. A vakhate khInna yurepIya harIphAnI kAThIe khaMbhAtamAM rahI nahAtI. eTale paradezIomAM aMgrejo ekalA ja hatA ema kahIe te cAle. A sadImAM paNa ekaMdare khaMbhAtanI aMgrejI kADhIne itihAsa suratanI kAThInA itihAsamAM ja samAyale che. ane je ullekhA maLe che, te suratanI rAjanIzIemAMthI ane surate muMbAinA gavarnarane lakhelA kAgaLA, kharItAe ane musaddAmAMthI tAravI kADhavA paDe che. surata ane khaMbhAta baMne kAThIone nabaLI paDatI megalAInA subAe kanaDatA. jamIna mArge marAThA lUMTatA ke ceAtha UdharAvatA, ane dariyA mArge rajaputa ane kALI cAMciyA lUMTa karatA. 9. sa. 1727mAM resiDenTa mi. veyArDa (Wyard ) pAsethI musalamAna subAe paisA kaDhAvelA tethI ghaNuM khamavuM paDeluM. i. sa. 1725mAM ekabIjA sAthe laDatA marAThA lazkarathI AkhuM khaMbhAta zahera DarI UThyuM hatuM.7 pIlAe khaMbhAta upara caDAi karI tyAre gAmaDAMnA loka khaMbhAta zaheramAM AvIne bharAyA. eNe emanI pAsethI rUA. pAMca lAkha mAgyA ane na ApyA tyAre gAma bAlyAM. te pachI kaMtAjI AvyA. eNe kara UgharAvavAne haka mAgI pIlAjI cheADI de tA vIsa hajAra rUpiyA ApavA kahyuM, ane pIlAjIe na mAnavAthI laDAi thaI. emAM pIlAjInI hAra thai. pachI kaMtAjIe khaMbhAta pAsethI 110000) rUpiyA mAgyA. emAM aMgrejI keDIne bhAge rUA. 5000)nA phALA ApyA. e vakhatanA resiDenTa mi. DenIala inse marAThAone ghaNuM samajAvyA ke chUTathI vepAra karavA mATe ane kAM mahesula na ApavA mATe zAhu rAjAe aMgrejone paravAne Apelo che. A sAMbhaLI marAThAe hasyA. chevaTe pahelA haptA darIke aMgrejoe rUA. 500) ApyA. e pachI marAThAne javuM paDayuM eTale bAkInA daMDamAMthI bacI gayA. e pachI amadAvAdanA subA hAmIdakhAnanA mANasA khaMbhAta pAse mahesula ugharAvavA AvyA, ane zahera upara 35000) rUpiyAne kara nAkhyA, jemAM rUA. 1000) resiDenTe ApavAnA hatA. A loko eka vakhata pAchA gayA ane bIjI vakhate emane aMgrejone na satAvavA mATe kahevAmAM AvyuM. resiDenTa mi. insa lakhe che ke e loko phakta khase mANasa laI AvelA hatA ane mane enI kAMI bIka hatI nahi. resiDenTe na mAnavAthI subAe aMgreonI vakhArA upara tALAM mArI dIdhAM, mi. insa lakhe che ke A lAkone mAtra dArUnI e peTIe ApIne eNe vaza karyAM. A bAbata mATe suratanA resiDenTa sAthe mi. insane ramUjI patravyavahAra thayelA. A mi. insane i. sa. 1734-35mAM badalavAmAM AvyeA ane mi. eca. bIDavela Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 6 Bom. Gaz. VI. Cambay P. 220 Note7. gejheTIaranA lekhaka mekakrasananA'Commerce'nA AdhAre A zaMkA kare che. kAMI ullekha maLatA nathI e A vAtane TekA Ape che. 7 pIlAjI gAcakavADa ane kuMtAjI kaMTTama. Bom. Gaz. VI. 221. 8 e ja. pR. 21. - Bon. Govt. Records P. D. D. 8. For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMgrejI koThI (Bidwell) nAmanA mANasane khaMbhAtanA resiDenTa tarIke mokalyo. eNe AvIne mIThA nAmanA eka mANasane kaMpanIne dalAla nImyo. mi. inse cheka I. sa. 173panA eprilamAM hoddo che. mi. insano svabhAva jarA ThekANe nahoto ema samajAya che.10 I. sa. 1735nA kaTobaramAM mi. bIDavela lakhe che ke ganImanI aMdara aMdara laDAI thavAthI amadAvAda ane khaMbhAta vacceno vepAra baMdha thaI gayA hatA. paraMtu navembaranI Akhare marAThAo pAchA javAthI vepAra pAcho zarU thayo hato. mi. bIDavela resiDenTanA vakhatamAM vepAra ane mAlanI Avaka jAvaka, kharIda vagerenA ullekho khAsa Ave che. khaMbhAtano resiDenTa mAla kharIdI enAM nANuM ApavA mATe suratanI keThI upara hUMDI lakhI te huMDI khaMbhAtamAM vecI nANuM UbhAM karate. eka vakhata takarArane lIdhe suratavALAe enI huMDI svIkArI nahi eTale bIjI vakhate kharIda mATe mi. bIDavele lakhI dIdhuM ke huMDI na svIkArAvAthI kharAba lAge che. ane huMDI maLatI nathI tethI nANAM maLatAM nathI. dalAlane paNa ghaNI vAra mAlanAM nANuM pahelethI thoDAM ApavA paDatAM. ghaNI vAra namUnA pramANe mAla na nIkaLavAnAM lakhANo paNa ApelAM che. mi. bIDevelane mi. insa sAthe takarAra cAlelI ane mi. Insa ToLuM bheguM karI mi. bIDavelane keThImAMthI bahAra kADhavA prayatna karelo. Akhare 1736mAM mi. bIDavelathI kaMTALI muMbaImAM vaNakarone lAvIne vasAvavA mATe suratanI kaThI vALAoe muMbAI lakhyuM. ane bamana paTela nAmanA pArasIe e kAma mAthe lIdhuM. mi. mana resiDenTa 1776-3ththI 174ra Akhare I. sa. 1737mAM mi. bIDevelane chUTA thavAno hukama maLe ane temano hoddo saMbhALI levA mi. jona manarene meko .12 ema kahevAmAM che ke mi. bIDavelane kaDhAvavA mATe mi. Inse je prayatno karelA temAM eka prayatna khaMbhAtanA navAbane samajAvI muMbAi mi. bIDavela viraha lakhAveluM ane tene pariNAme mi. bIDavelane pAche belavI lIdhela.13 I.sa. 1737mAM marAThAnA dabANane lIdhe mAmInakhAnane nANAMnI jarUra paDavAthI kula rakamane thoDo bhAgaresiDenTami. haijisa(Hodges) pAse mAgelone resiDenTe tene bheTa ApI uDAve.eka vakhata navAbe trIsathI cAlIsa hajAra rUpiyAne rezamI mAla vagere kharIda karavAnI IcchA nANuM vasUla karavAnA irAdAthI batAvelI. paraMtu resiDenTa e paNa uDAvyuM hatuM. paraMtu nANAM ApavAmAMthI hamezAM bacAtuM nahi ane vakhate kAMi ApavuM paNa paDatuM.14 I. sa. 1741 khaMbhAtanA navAbe gaLInI nikAza baMdha karI ane suratanA resiDenTa 9. Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 221. 'eccentric resident.' 11 marAThAo mATe tirarakArane zabda. aMgrejI kAgaLomAM marAThAone mATe A zabda dhaNI vAra vAparelo che. 12 Bom. Govt. Records P. D. D. 9 ane P. D. D. 10. gejheTIarane lekhaka lakhe che ke mi. Insa ane mi. bIDavelanI tANAvANamAM kaMpanIne nukasAna gayuM hatuM. (P. 224o. 13 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 224. 14 e ja, pR. 224. mi. bIDavela pachI mi. manare nimAyA hatA ema sarakArI daphataromAM che. gejheTIara paNa e kabUla kare che chatAM 1737mAM Ahai jisa resiDenTa kayAMthI AvyA te samajAtuM nathI. kemAM Tomasa haeNjisanuM nAma Ave che. kadAca te mi. manarenA AvatAM sudhI kAmacalAu haze. For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMgrejI kAThI 95 mi. lembaTananA keTaleAka mAla peAtAnA hukamanA resiDenTe anAdara karavAnA kAraNathI japta karyAM hatA. A banAvanA artha ema levAye| ke aMgrejonA vepAranA chuTApaNAnA khaMbhAta sarakAre bhaMga karyoM. AthI khaMbhAtanAM vahANa pakaDavA mATe keTalAMka aMgrejI vahANu (dharAba grabs ) meAkalavAmAM AvyAM. AthI turata samAdhAna thayuM. i. sa. 1743mAM paNa eka vakhata evuM banyuM hatuM tyAre vahANa pakaDavAnI yukti saLa nIvaDI hatI.15 I.sa. 1737nA phebruArInI 7mI tArIkhe mi. manareAnuM vahANa khaMbhAta najIka AvyuM paNa bharatInA kAraNasara pUnama AvatAM sudhI vahANu bArAmAM na AvI zakavAthI ene dariyAmAM rahevuM paDayuM. eNe AvIne mi. bIDavela ane dalAlanI takarAranI kharI vAta lakhI, ane suratavALAe mi. bIDavelanI huMDI na svIkArI tethI khabhAtamAM kaMpanInI AbarU kevI bagaDI hatI te vAta paNa muMbAi lakhI. A vakhate meAmInakhAnane paisAnI ghaNI tANa hatI. kAraNake amadAvAda jItI levA mAmInakhAnane taiyArI karavAnI hatI. kaMpanI dalAla pAse ane dalAla navAba pAse leNI nIkaLatI rakama e kAraNasara mAgI zakatA nahAtA.16 A arasAmAM kaMpanIe khaMbhAtamAMthI kharIdelA mAla namUnA pramANe nahAtA evI takarAra UThI. ethI e bAbata aMgreja ane dezI kApaDanA vepArIonI eka kamiTI tapAsa mATe nImAI hatI.17 mi. sTrITa ane mi. arhIna ane bIjA navAbanA mi. manareA pachI mi. sIla (Seale) ane mi. cArlsa krAmelIna (Crommelin)nAM nAma resiDenTa tarIke Ave che ane te pachI mi. sTrITa (Street)nuM nAma resiDenTa tarIke mAlUma paDe che. e vakhate muMbAithI surata ane khaMbhAta mAla caDAvanArAone muMbAinA gavarnare kahyuM jakAtakhAtAmAM jakAta ApI mAla na UtarAvaveA paNa kaMpanInI vakhAreAmAM sIdhA lai javA. khaMbhAtanA resiDenTAmAM e pachI AvelA mi. arkInanuM nAma jANItuM che. enA vakhatamAM meAmInakhAna suratathI muMbAi thaI pUne gayA e varNana AgaLa AvI gayuM che. i.sa. 1754mAM suratanI kAThIvALAe taraphathI khaMbhAtamAM phekTarI mATe makAnanI kharIdI ane te makAnanI marAmata mATe muMbAI lakhANa AvyuM. kAThInA makAnanI kiMmata rUpiyA eka hAra hatI ane enI marAmatamAM paNa rUpiyA eka hajAra thayA. ethI muMbAi sarakArane dhaNI navAi lAgI.18 e pachI viliyama bei ane viliyama reisa (Raykes); na TAralIjhI (Torleesse) eTalA resiDenTa AvI gayA. emanA vakhatamAM khAsa noMdhavA lAyaka banAva banyA nathI. 15 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 224. 16 Bom. Govt. Rec. P. D. D. 10. 17 e ja. pR. 288. AmAM kApaDanI ghaNI jAtAnAM nAma ApelAM che jemAnAM keTalAMkane hAla zuM kahe che te samajAtuM nathI, sarakArI daphataramAM A bAbata lAMbuM varNana kareluM che je te vakhatanI vAMdhA patavavAnI rIta upara sArI prakAza nAkhe che. kApaDanI jAtAnI yAdI udyAganA prakaraNamAM ApIzuM. 18 Bom. Govt. Rec. P. D. D. 13. For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMgrejI keThI sara cArlsa meleTa 1774-83. I. sa. 1774mAM sara cArlsa meleTanI resiDenTa tarIke nimaNUka thaI. e lAMbA vakhatanA gALAmAM marAThAo sAthe navAbane kaMTAbakheDA thayA karatA ane kaMpanIe emAM sAro bhAga bhajavelo e AgaLa joI gayA chIe.19 kaMpanI navAbane jUnA mitra tarIke gaNatI ane dareka vakhata banatI madada karelI che. 20 sara cArlsa meleTanA vakhatamAM khaMbhAtanI Avaka ghaNI ochI thaI hatI ane sArI vyavasthA thAya te be lAkhane badale pAMca lAkhanI Avaka thAya evuM lakhANa sara cArlsa karyuM hatuM. sara cArlsa khaMbhAtane gUjarAta prAMtanI cAvI (Key) gaNatA21 ane tyAM traNa tapo ane 50 yuropiyana sipAio rAkhavA lakheluM. paraMtu muMbAI sarakArane e pasaMda na paDyuM ane eTaluM lazkara rAkhyAne artha nathI, temaja navAbane ApelA vacana pALI phatehasiMha sAme madada karavI joIe evuM lakhANa AvyuM. resiDenTe surata ane bharUca sAthe khaMbhAtane sarakhAvI khaMbhAtanI gUjarAtamAM AvI rahelI madhyastha paristhitanAM vakhANa karI kaMpanInA mAnanI khAtara paNa khaMbhAtamAM sArI rIte rahevA lakhANa karyuM. A vakhate mirajhAM muhammada jhamAna sAthe navAbane paDelA jhaghaDAmAM paNa kaMpanIe bhAga lIdho jaNAya che; ane navAbe resiDenTa AvI bAbatamAM bhAga le che te mATe muMbAI lakheluM eTale resiDenTa upara lakhANa AveluM ke navAbanI aMdaranI vyavasthAmAM kaMpanIe vacce paDavuM nahi.22 rAmaTe hailAI sara cArlsa meleTa pachI mi. raoNbarTa hailapha (Holford) resiDenTa the. khaMbhAtane phurajA daravAje je marAThAonA karArane lIdhe aMgrejone vahIvaTamAM Avelo te navAbane pAcho ApavA muMbAIthI mi. hailorDa upara hukama Avyo.23 (1784) e vakhate khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa gUjarAtamAM lazkarI upayoga mATe keTaluM mahatvanuM che e darzAvato pUnAnA aMgreja resiDenTa lakhelo kAgaLa muMbAI sarakArane maLe. mi. saeNlaoNM resiDenTanI jagyA upara I.sa. 1803 sudhI rahyA. e arasAmAM 19 A arasAmAM sarakArI daphataromAM janarala goDArDa, resiDenTa, ane navAbane lagatA ghaNA lAMbA kAgaLo che ane emAM ekabIjA upara Aropa mUkelA che, jene ahIM rathAna nathI. 20 A bAbata AgaLa joI gayA chIe. taLAjAnA killAne lagatA ane dhAne lagatA bhAvanagaranA rAjAnI sAthenA khaMbhAtanA saMbaMdha bAbata paNa joI gayA chIe. muMbAInAMdaphataramAM barDa epha DAyarekaTarane e bAbata eka kAgaLa che temAM jaNAvyuM che ke navAba ane bhAvanagaranA rAjAne sAro saMbaMdha rahe to sAruM. paNa je ghoghA navAbanA hAthamAM Ave to navAba tyAM kAThI karavA devI ane bIjA yurepiyanone na pesavA devA. 21 Bom. Govt. Rec. P.D.D. 13. sara cArlse A bAbata paNa lAMbuM lakhANa kareluM jaNAya che. navAbe mahAdajI sidhiyAne kAgaLa lakhelo hAtha AvyAnuM paNa lakheluM che. traNa tapa ane pacAsa yuropiyana sipAIothI khaMbhAta laI zakAya ema emane mata hate. 22 e ja. mirajhAM muhammadajhamAna navAba sAhebano nAyaba (vajhIra) hato. 23 ceAthanA kAraNathI e daravAjo marAThAnA hAthamAM Avyo hato. amadAvAdamAM paNa e mujaba eka daravAje emaNe kabaje rAkhelo. (bhegA vahIvaTa vakhate). For Private and Personal Use Only

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khaMbhAtamAM isTa inDiyA kaMpanInI jUnI koDI (1) kADInA bahAranA dekhAva, (2) kAkInA cAkamAMthI upara javAnI sIDI: (3) kADIno daravAjo. For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMgrejI kAThI 97 vasAInA karArathI khaMbhAtanA pezvAnA haka aMgrejone maLyA. mi. hAlArDanA lAMbA nivAsa daramyAna navAba ane kaMpanI vacce nAnInAnI takarAreA cAlyA karI. eka vakhata kaMpanInA rakSaNa nIce rahetA vaNakarAne ApavAnI jakAta mATe takarAra UDI.24 bIjI vakhata mi. hAlArDaneA bAga navAbane harakatakartA lAgyA tenI takarAra UThI ane muMbainA gavarnare mi. DaeNAlaphorDanA kRtyane vakhADayuM hatuM. A badhI takarArA jAte samajAvI samAdhAna karavA mATe navANe AgA muhammadane muMbAi meAkalyA. muMbainA gavarnarane resiDenTe mUkelA Aropo kheTA che ema lAgyuM ane resiDenTa upara hukama AvyA ke darabAra sAthe samAdhAnIthI vartavuM ane zAMti rAkhavI. vadhArAmAM ema paNa jaNAyuM ke mi. hAlaEArDanA kAgaLA uddhRta hatA jyAre navAba sAhebanA kAgaLeA vivekasara hatA.25 vaNakarAnI bAbatamAM navAba sAheba ane mi. hAlaphorDane je jhaghaDA thayA hatA te mATe paNa lAMkhe patravyavahAra muMbAi sAthe cAlele hatA, ane gavarnare navAba sAhebane zAMtine kAgaLa lakhIne jaNAvyuM ke kApaDa, dANA vagerenI kharIdamAM kaMpanIne navAba sAheba taraphathI sahAya maLaze evI AzA rAkhavAmAM Ave che. navAba sAhebe teA gavarnarane lakhI dIdhuM hatuM ke kaMpanI sAthe sArA saMbaMdha hovAnA kAraNe mi. hAlakArDa sAthe e sArI rIte varte che, mATe mi. hAlaphrArDe darabAranI praznane lagatA kAmamAM vacce paDavuM nahi. 21 A badhI takarAreAnI tapAsa karavA muMbAi sarakAre mi. kenDaragesTa (Prendergast) ane mi. krInsa (Frinch) e be jaNanI kamiTI nImI hatI. chevaTanA vakhata mi. hAla'ArDa pachI (1803) jaeNna smitha, jyArja kAramelIsa (Carsselis) (1805)nAM nAma resiDenTa tarIke maLe che. aDhAramI sadInA aMtamAM ane egaNIsamInI zarUAtamAM khaMbhAtanI kAThInI sthiti cheka kharAba thai hatI. 1797nA oNgasTamAM lakhANa AveluM ke khaMbhAtanI kADImAM kamANI nathI ane kharaca bhAre paDe che. muMbaI sarakAra dalAla mAraphate kAma thai zake evA matanI hatI.27 paraMtu e arasAmAM evA banAva banyA ke kaMpanIne khIjAM meATAM kAryoMmAM dhyAna ApavuM paDayuM. i. sa.1818mAM gujarAtane AkheA kabanne maLavAthI resiDenTanI jagyA kADhI nAkhIne kheDAnA lekTarane rAjadvArI kAma mATe e jagyA sAMpavAmAM AvI. keDI tA suratanI baMdha thai eTale khaMbhAtanI paNa baMdha thai. khaMbhAtanI aMgrejI keADInuM makAna Aje sArI hAlatamAM che. enuM varNana jovAlAyaka sthaLAnA varNanamAM karIzuM. 24 Bom. Govt. Record mA daphataramAM kaMpanInA rakSaNa nIcenA vaNakarAnI lAMbI nAmAvaLIe ApelI che. 25 e ja tA. 30-7-1801nA muMbAinA kAgaLa. A kAgaLa muMbAInA gavarnara mi. DaMkane sahI karelA che. mi. hAlakArDe khullA darabAra vacce aviveka vAparI na khelAya tevI bhASA vAparelI. 26 e ja mi. hAlaaArDa ane navAba sAhebane muMbAI sAthenA patravyavahAra ghaNA lAMbe che. hAlarArDa vaNakarIne darabAra keda kare che e vAta vAraMvAra jaNAve che. 27 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 232. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pAMca mini www.kobatirth.org 19696 gUjarAtanuM hiMdu sthApatya ane kalA prakaraNa bAramuM sthApatya Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pADI zakAya tevA nathI chatAM enI sthAnika vizeSatAo che, tema khaMbhAtanA sthApatyane itihAsa paNa gujarAtanA sthApatyanA itihAsanuM aMga hovA chatAM enI sthAnika vizeSatA che. hiMdustAnanA sthApatyanA itihAsanA dareka abhyAsIne eTalI vAta te khAsa vidita che ke madhyakAlIna hiMdu samayamAM AMdhakAma ane kArIgIrInI AbatamAM gUjarAte pAtAnuM viziSTa vyaktitva batAvyuM hatuM. kudaratanI aparimita samRddhine gujarAtanA kArIgarAe paththaramAM ciraMjIva karI hatI. rAjA ane prajA baMnee gujarAtamAM sthApatyanAM evAM te maneAhara saMbhAraNAM mUkelAM che ke yuropIya kalAvivecake gUjarAtIene svabhAvasiddha bAMdhakAmanA zAkhAne kahI gayA che. aneka asmAnIsulatAnI ane aneka kudaratI kopamAMthI bacelAM gUjarAtI sthApatyanAM ane kalAnAM bhagnAvazeSa khaMDerA Aje paNa prAcIna samRddhi ane bAMdhakAmane kudaratI rasa sAbita karavA mATe UbhAM che. meADherA ane meAmanAthanAM khaMDere| ane svamALanA UbhelA thADA thAMbhalA e makAnAnI bhavyatA Aje paNa siddha kare che. pAlitANA jevuM maMdirAnuM nagara Aje paNa jonArane Azcaryamugdha kare che. delavADAnAM jaina devAlayeA Aje paNa paradezI musApharAnI rAjanIzImAM paheluM sthAna meLave che. kALanI gatithI AvAM asaMkhya makAne Aje nAza pAmyA chatAM prAcIna sAhityamAM jenA aneka ullekhe| Ave che te uparathI ane hAlanA avazeSo uparathI temanI kalpanA karatAM dezanI samRddhitI kalpanA ApAApa AvI jAya che, Fergusson: Gujaraties are essentially a building race. 626962620 gUjarAtanuM musalamAna sthApatya hiMdu samaya pUrA thatAM musalamAna samaya zarU thAya che. musalamAna dharmanI kaDaka sAdAImAM sthApatya upara asara thayA vagara rahe nahi. sajIva vastuonI AkRti karavI e IslAmamAM pApa gaNAtuM hAvAthI manehara pratimAnI vipulatAvALuM hiMdu maMdira salAmata rahI zake nahi. temaja navA rAjakartAonA dharma judo hAvAthI evI vipulatAthI TevAelA kArIgareA dhArmika makAnAmAM kaDaka sAdAI paNa kevI rIte lAvI zake. musalamAnee deza jItI lIdheA hatA paNa makAne bAMdhanArA kArIgaro badhA hiMdu hatA, ane vaMzaparaMparAthI alaMkAranI vipulatAvALuM sthApatya taiyAra karavAmAM devAelA hatA. kANu hRdayanI kaDakAine sAMdarya jItI zake che e vAta gujarAtanA kArIgaree musalamAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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sthApatya 99 rAjyasattAnI nIce kAma karI siddha karI batAvyuM. hiMdu maMdiranI alaMkArothI bharacaka makAna AMdhavAnI rItamAM musalamAneAe kAMIka sAdA ANI. sAthe musalamAneAnI taddana sAdI baMdhakAmanI rItamAM hiMdu kArIgarAe alaMkAra umeryAM. AnuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke alaMkAra mApasara nAkhavAnuM kArIgarA zIkhyA. sAdAInI sAthe maLI gaelA alaMkArA UlaTA vadhAre zAlavA lAgyA. mUrtione badale kudaratanI vanaspatinI saMpattinA alaMkAro vAparIne kArIgaree navA rAjakartAonAM mana jItI lIdhAM. susalamAna makAnanI AMdhaNI nakazA-planingmAM paNa prAcIna paraMparAgata hiMdu rIta khAsa badalAI nahi. hiMdu maMdira chUTaka vyaktie devadarzana karI zake e bhAvanA upara dhAelAM hAya che. eTale e kare bahu meTAM haiAtAM nathI. je maMdirA vizALa bAMdhavAmAM Ave che tyAM paNa devanA garbhagRhanI pAse te thoDAM gaNyAMgAMThyAM mAsA ja jaI zake evI vyavasthA hAya che. garbhagRha evuM UMDANamAM ane aMdhArAmAM hoya che ke dIvA vagara devadarzana thaI zake niha. musalamAna dharma vyakti karatAM samUhanI prArthanAnI bhAvanA vyakta kare che. AkhA samUha zvaraprArthanA ekIsAthe karI zake evI bAMdhaNIne ja emAM sthAna che. gujarAtanA hiMdu kArIgare| A agatyanI vAta samajI gayA ane prAcIna hiMdu mAMdarAnI bAMdhaNIne musalamAna masjidone dhAve evI rIte badalI nAkhI. seLa thAMbhalAnA aSTakoNa maMDapane masjidamAM kAyama rAkhyA. paraMtu masjidanuM kada vadhAravA mATe enI aneka hAramAlA banAvI, Ama bAMdhaNIne enA mAlika tattvAmAM kAyama rAkhavAthI makAnanI vizALatAne anurUpa banAvavA mATe thADA pheraphAra karavA paDacA. thAMbhalAne vadhAre UMcA saLaMga banAvavAne badale eka meTA thAMbhalAnA evA bhAga karyA ke khAMdhaNI maneAhara lAge ane kuzaLa AMkha ja te pArakhI zake. tAraNA zAbhA mATe kAyama rAkhyAM. bIjA aneka alaMkArA bhIMtanI AMtarI, geAkha, maherAba, mIMbara vagere jagyAemAM chUTathI vaparAyA. hiMdu bAMdhaNImAM kamAna naheAtI te umerI e meTAmAM moTA pheraphAra thayA. zarUAtanI masjidezamAM mInArA dekhAva pUratA nAmanA karatA te dhImedhIme zilpInI kArIgarI batAvavAnuM mukhya sAdhana banI gayA. A rIte gujarAtanuM musalamAna sthApatya gheADA pheraphAra sAthe enA aiAlika tattvAmAM hiMdu rahyuM e enI khAsa viziSTatA che.2 khaMbhAtanuM sthApatya sthApatya kalAnA AvA sAkhIna dezanuM khaMbhAta e sAthI mAnItuM baMdara hatuM. gUjarAtanA itihAsamAM hiMdu samayamAM sAlaMkI-cAlukya samaya sthApatyane mATe sAthI samRddha gaNAya che, ane 2 gujarAtanA sthAya mATe jue: Hope and Fergusson: Ahmedabad Architecture. P. 21-69-77. E.B. Havell. A lHand Book of Indian Ait. P. 70, 150; Indian Architecture P. 69. Fergusson: His. of Indian & Eastern Architecture, 229. vadhu mata ane carcA mATe jue A lekhakanA 'gujarAtanuM pATanagara 'nA sthApatyanAM prakaraNe. amadAvAdanI carcA khaMbhAtane lAgu paDe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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100 sthApatya musalamAna samayamAM amadAvAdanA sulatAnono samaya sauthI vadhAre samRddha gaNAya che. A baMne samayamAM gujarAtanuM ane hiMdustAnanuM mukhya baMdara khaMbhAta hatuM. e vakhatanA eziyAnA vepAranuM e kendra hatuM. enA hiMdu ane musalamAna rAjakartAo bAMdhakAmanA khAsa zokhIna hatA. enA zrImaMto paNa e bAbatamAM rAjakartAothI koI rIte utare tema nahotA. delavADAnAM maMdire rAjAe baMdhAvelAM nathI chatAM rAjaoe baMdhAvelAM maMdirothI vadhAre suMdara ane manahara che. amadAvAdanI suMdaramAM suMdara masjido rAjyAzrayathI baMdhAI nathI. khaMbhAtanI mukhya masajida-khaMbhAtanA sthApatyano alaMkAra-paNa khaMbhAtanA eka zrImaMte baMdhAvI che. e gujarAtanI samRddhi, gaurava ane sthApatya tathA kalAnA zekhano mUrtimaMta dAkhalo che. nagararacanA khaMbhAta zaheranA aneka avatAra thaI gayA che te ApaNe gayA prakaraNamAM joyuM. nagarAnI jagyAe AvelA zaheranI racanA kevI haze ane tyAM kevAM makAne haze e jANavA mATe te hAla kalpanA sivAya kAMI sAdhana rahyuM nathI. hAlanuM zahera hiMdu samayanA pAchalA bhAgamAM varyu haze ane e ja jagyAe enAM makAnone aneka avatAra thaI gayA haze. hAlamAM khaMbhAta zaheranI asala bAMdhaNI amadAvAdanI mAphaka mULa hiMdu nagararacanAnA siddhAMta pramANe thaelI che. e racanA jeTale aMze amadAvAde jALavI rAkhI che teTale aMze khaMbhAte jALavI nathI eTale enuM asala svarUpa Aje jANavuM muzkela che. darabAragaDha, mANekacoka traNa daravAjA vagere jagyAonI sthiti amadAvAdanI bAMdhaNI sAthe kAMIka maLe che. khaMbhAta svataMtra saMsthAna thatAM pahelAM gujarAtanI rAjadhAnInuM zahera nahotuM. eTale rAjagaDhanI pAse rAjakuTuMbanI masjida ane zaheranI vacce jumAarijada hoya evI racanA nathI, eTale phera che. piLo ane rastAo tathA dharanI racanA uttara gujarAtanAM zaherone maLatI che. jumArijadanuM varNana khaMbhAtanA dariyA taraphanA koTanI pAse rAjagaDhanI bAjumAM vizALa jumAmajida che. A masjida gujarAtanI sarvathI jUnI masjidomAMnI eka gaNAya che. traNa daravAjAthI dakSiNa tarapha jatAM masjidane uttara bhAga najare paDe che, ane e jotAM enAM sauMdarya ane bhavyatAne pUre khyAla Avate nathI. enI bhavyatAno khare khyAla aMdarathI ane dakSiNa bAjuthI Ave che. A masjida gUjarAtanI bIjI uttama masjidonI peThe rAtA retIA paththara sand-stonenI bAdhelI che. A masjida pUrvapazcima 212 phITa lAMbI che. ane uttaradakSiNa 2para phITa pahoLI che. emAM dakSiNa tarapha je che tenA pa5 phITa samAI jAya che. masjidano aMdarano prArthanA khaMDa aMdarathI 1896 lAMba ane pa0 phITa pahoLo che. enI sAmene ceka 134 phUTa lAMbo ane 119 phUTa pahoLo che. enI AsapAsanI paDALIo paDakhe 28 phITa pahoLI ane AgalA bhAgamAM 30 phITa pahoLI che. prArthanAkhaMDamAM 15 phITa UMcA 100 thAMbhalA che. e thAMbhalA ra6nI be hAramAM geDavelA che ane pAchalI dIvAlathI e hAra 21 ane 42 phITa cheTI che. A thAMbhalAonI For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1) jummA marijada aMdarathI (2) majidanI aMdaranI eka jALI (3) jumA masjidane pUrva taraphane daravAjo-khaMDiyera rithatimAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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sthApatya 101 goThavaNa evI rIte karelI che ke cauda corasa paDe che, ane enA upara khUNA kApIne aSTakoNa karI hiMdu rIta pramANe ghUmaTa banAvelA che. AgaLanA traNa moTA daravAjAnI aMdara chata UMcI laI jaI jALI mUkelI che. vacale daravAjo be phITa AgaLa lAvI cAlIsa phITa UMco karelo che. ane tene be cheDe nAnA be mInArA che. A pramANe Agalo bhAga ane traNe daravAjA evI rIte UMcA lIdhA che ke pAchaLanA ghUmaTa dekhAya nahi. amadAvAdanI masjidanI peThe A masjidamAM paNa malukhAnuM (strIone prArthanA karavAnI jagyA) che. paNa amadAvAdamAM eka ja bAju hoya che jyAre khaMbhAtamAM be bAju che. bAMdhaNI amadAvAdanI mAphaka aDadhiyA thAMbhalA upara karelI che ane jALI karelI che. e jALI Aje sArI hAlatamAM nathI. paDALIomAM 21 ghUmaTanI hAra che ane dareka ghUmaTavALA bhAgamAM ekaeka bArI che. caoNkanI vacce vaju karavA mATe pANIne hoja che. masjidanI pazcima taraphanI bhIMtamAM traNa daravAjAnI sAme traNa maherAba athavA kibalA che, ane e ardha goLAkAra che, ane mathALe kamAna che. masjidanI kamAne amadAvAdI kamAnanA ghATanI che. A maherAba amadAvAdanI masjidanA maherAbanA jevA kArIgIrIvALA nathI paNa sAdA che. maherAbanI pAchaLa bhIMtamAM TekA karelA che. je ghUmaTanI nIcenI bhIMtamAM maherAba nathI, temAM bArIo che paNa te sArI hAlatamAM nathI. mIMbara ATha pagathiyAne, amadAvAdanI keTalIka masjidamAM che e banAveluM che, ane auraMgajhebanA vakhatamAM mIMbaranI UMcAI ghaTADavAmAM AvI te asara amadAvAdanI peThe khaMbhAtamAM thaI hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. mIMbara mullA agara khatIbane mATe che. A masjidanI dakSiNe aDoaDa mATe roje Avelo che. enI laMbAI 204 ane pahoLAI 49 phITa che. enuM mukhya pravezadvAra dakSiNe che. vacce 39 phITa vyAsane mATe ghUmaTa che. enI dakSiNanA daravAjAmAM ane masjidanI dakSiNane kAramAM paDakhe thaIne upara javA mATe dAdara che. ghUmaTa paDI gaelo che ane enI marAmata karavAne koI pagalAM levAyAM lAgatAM nathI. ghUmaTanI nIce paDALI jevuM kareluM che. pazcima bAju rAjAne lagatI khAnagI masjida che ane eno saMbaMdha mukhya masjidanA moTA khaMDa sAthe ane dakSiNa taraphanA malukakhAna sAthe che. vacce baMdhAvanAranI pitAnI ane enI strInI kabare che. A rojAmAM thaIne paNa majidamAM jaI zakAya che. kabaro ArasanI ane suMdara kArIgIrIvALI che ane enA upara lekha che. emAM rivAja pramANe kurAnezarIphanAM vAkya che. lekhamAM bAMdhanAranuM nAma paNa lakheluM che. aneka vizeSaNe lagADayA pachI kahe che ke arabastAna ane IrAnamAM prasiddha evA umara bIna ahamada kAjharUnI-jene jheraala malIkano IlkAba che-e budhavAra sapharamAsanI navamI tArIkhe hI. saM.-734 (I.sa. 1333 tA. 21 oNkaTobara)ne roja svargavAsa pAme. bIjI kabara upara bIbI phAtamAnuM nAma che enA upara tA. 11 zavvAla hI. saM. 783 (30 DiseMbara 1381)nI tArIkha che. masjidanI pUrva tarapha dvAra upara nAno hiMdu ghATane maMDapa che. majida muhammadazAha bIna taghalakhazAhanA rAjyamAM tA. 18 mahorama hI. saM. rapa (5 jAnyuArI 1325)ne roja muhammada alakhutamArIe khAnagI milakatamAMthI baMdhAvI che. bIjA eka lekhamAM sulatAna phirojha (taghalaka?) For Private and Personal Use Only

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102 sthApatya nA vakhatamAM jhapharakhAna gasturI nAmanA mistrIe bAMdhI ema paNa lakhyuM che. khaMbhAtamAM keTalIka kabaro umara ala kAjhanI kabara jevI che. eka to InDIyAra uddaulA nAmanA khajAnacInI i. sa. 716 hI. saM. jamAdala Akhara mAsanI 17mI tArIkhano che. (6 sapTembara 1316) zaherathI mAIla pazcime ahamada ala hAjama kurezInA putra abdussalAmanA putra isInA putra muhammadanA putra saiyada ahamadanA putra hAjI yusuphanI kabara che. hI. saM. 814 (I. sa. 1411) che. bIjI kabara phakarUddIlA vaddIna abubakara bIna hasananI che. hI. saM. 818 (I. sa. 1415) che. bAMdhaNInI carcA A masjida i. sa. 1335mAM baMdhAI ema enI uparanA lekha uparathI mAlUma paDe che. rajAnI aMdaranI mukhya kabara upara I. sa. 1333nuM varSa che. A majida hAla che e ja ghATanI e vakhate baMdhAI haze ke kema te kahevuM muzkela che. masjidanI sAdAI jotAM amadAvAdamAM paMdaramI sadInI zarUAtamAM baMdhAelI masjidamAM ane AmAM bahu phera nathI lAgato. ema chatAM paNa amadAvAdanI jUnAmAM jUnI masjido karatAM A khaMbhAtanI jumA masjida eka saike jUnI che. eTale e masjidanI bAMdhaNI amadAvAdanI sarvathI jUnI masjido sAthe sarakhAvatAM ane enAthI eka saMke jUnI e vAta dhyAnamAM letAM eTalI badhI jUnI hoya ema mAnI zakAtuM nathI. I. 1325 eTale hiMdu sattA pUrI thayA pachI thoDA ja vakhatamAM A masjida baMdhAelI che. e vakhate hiMdu sthApatya enI UMcAmAM UMcI sthitimAM hatuM. eTale ene mATe koI paNa bhAre makAna bAMdhavuM muzkela to nahotuM. paraMtu je jAtanI masjido amadAvAdamAM bAdazAhI sthapAyA pachI keTale varSe dekhAya che, te jAtanI masjida khaMbhAtamAM eka saikA pahelAM eTalA jUnA samayamAM baMdhAya emAM zaMkA paDe che. paraMtu bAMdhaNI jotAM jema e vakhate A masjida baMdhAI hoya nahi ema lAge che tema enI aMdaranA lekhanI tArIkhathI ethI viruddha mAnavAne paNa pramANa nathI. phakta gUjarAtamAM musalamAna sthApatyanI pragati je rIte thaI che tene vicAra karatAM eTalI zaMkA utpanna thAya che. eTale lekhanI tArIkha pramANe e vakhate masjida baMdhAI che ema mAnIe te te vakhatanA hiMdu kArIgarone nakazo banAvI ApanArA khAsa bahArathI AvelA hovA joIe. majida to e vakhate baMdhAI ema mAnI laIe topaNa jene dakSiNa tarapha Avelo roje te pAchaLathI baMdhAye haze ema ja mAnavuM paDe. rojAnI bAMdhaNa ne enA ghUmaTanuM kada jotAM cAdamI sadImAM e bAMdhaNuM thavI azakya che. gUjarAtanA sulatAnanA paNa pAchalA bhAgamAM sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA vakhatathI evA bulaMda ghUmaTe gujarAtamAM baMdhAvA lAgyA. eTale kabare caudamI sadInI zarUAtanI hoya paNa masjida ane roje te pAchaLathI koIe baMdhAvyA hoya ema lAge che; ane baMdhAyA pachInA aneka saikAomAM tenI marAmata thayA karelI che ane spaSTa dekhAya che. A masjida hiMdu maMdirane 3 Arc. Survey of W. India V1 Burgess P. 28.lakhANamAM arabamAM maDAMnA pherathI bahu phera paDe che tethI . nAma spaSTa thatuM nathI ema lakhe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sthApatya 103 pheravI nAkhIne banAvelI che, e ekamata keTalAka lekhaka kahe che. Ama dhAravAne AdhAra nathI. lekhamAM kahelA varSamAM masjida baMdhAI hoya te e vakhate musalamAna sattA suratamAM ja AvelI hatI. masjidanI racanA paNa eka saikA pachI baMdhAelI masjida jevI che. te eTalA vahelA samayamAM masjida hiMdu ke jaina maMdirane pheravI nAkhIne kevI rIte thaI haze te kalpanAmAM AvI zakatuM nathI. hiMdu maMdironA paththaro ane thAMbhalAo vagere kATamAla vAparyo haze emAM zaMkA nathI. e vakhate ulughakhAnanA lazkare eka vakhata to maMdirano dhvaMsa karelo hato. paraMtu khuda ulughakhAnanA darabAramAM jainonuM jera sAruM hatuM. te AkhuM jaina maMdira pheravAIne masjida te vakhatamAM banI jAya e mAnavA jevI vAta nathI.4 hiMdu maMdironA avazeSe laine musalamAna vepArIe masjida bAMdhI e ja vAta sayuktika ane mAnavA jevI che. majida rAjasattAe nathI bAMdhI, rAjasattA e vakhate gUjarAtamAM taddana navI ja AvelI hatI e paNa bhUlavA jevuM nathI. ekaMdare masjidanI bAMdhaNuM kabaranI tArIkha karatAM eka seke pAchaLanI jaNAya che. 1775mAM jumA masjida ane bIje makAne cheka ogaNIsamI sadInA madhya bhAga sudhI A masjida sArI dazAmAM nahotI. enA ghaNuM bhAga paDI gayA hatA. paraMtu hAla enI sArI marAmata thatI rahI che ane khaMbhAtanuM e mukhya jevA lAyaka sthAna kahI zakAya. jemsa phorbsa (1775)mAM A masjidanuM varNana kareluM che. e kahe che ke A eka hiMdu maMdira hatuM. emAM mUrtio jamInamAM nAkhelI che. A mAnyatAnI carcA upara karI che eTale pharI lakhavAnI jarUra nathI. kaeNrse jyAM pite tapAsa karIne lakhe che tyAM kharuM lakhe che paNa bIjAnuM sAMbhaLIne lakhe che tyAM bhrama pedA kare che evuM enI pachI paNa sadI pachI Avelo brIjha kahe che. uparanI vAtanI peThe phorbsa bIjI vAta e kahe che ke masjidanI dakSiNe eka mInAro hato ane bIje vIjaLIthI paDI gayo. A hakIkata paNa bhramamUlaka che. phorbsa AgaLa lakhe che ke khaMbhAtanAM parAmAM keTalAka suMdara rAjA che jemAM kArIgIrI eTalI to uttama che ke enA bAMdhanAra kArIgarone nakazI karavA mATe jeTalo paththara kotarIne retI kADhI tenI bhArobhAra sonuM ApavAmAM AveluM. A rojAo kyAM haze teno Aje patto lAgato nathI.' navAba sAhebane mahela navAba sAhebane mahela e bIjuM uttama makAna khaMbhAtamAM gaNI zakAya. jumA masjidanI bAjumAM darabAragaDhanAM makAnomAM rAjamahela Avelo che. gaDhamAM judAM judAM makAnono samUha che. emAM darabAra bharavAno je bhAga che te bhavya ane suMdara che. eno uThAva mogala ghATano che, ane enI 4 A majidamAM eka Arasane thAMbhalo nAgarI lipinA apaSTa lekhavALo ane gardabha zApanI mUrti katarelo paDe che. ene maMdiramAM vAparatAM vadhelo thAMbhalo che ema kahevAmAM Ave che. A bhrama che. A thAMbhalAne majida sAthe saMbaMdha nathI. bahArathI Avelo jaNAya che. hiMdu samayanA aMta bhAgane lAge che, Oriental Memoirs 1 319-20. For Private and Personal Use Only

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104 sthApatya sAdAI zobhAmAM vadhAro kare che. ene Agale dekhAva sAde paNa bhavya (elegant) che. e ja pramANe lAlabAgamAM AvelAM jUnI maMgala DhabanAM bAMdhelA makAno paNa uttama che. yuropanI judIjudI sthApatyanI DhabathI bAMdhelA hAlanA baMgalAo ke je khaMbhAtamAM paNa bIjA sthaLanI peThe thatA jAya che te karatAM A jUnI megala bAMdhaNInA mahelo vadhAre majabUta, vadhAre ThaMDakavALA ane phuvArA tathA bagIcAne lIdhe vadhAre manohara lAge che. khaMbhAtathI doDheka mAila cheTe vaDavAnI vAvane nAme oLakhAtI eka pramANamAM suMdara vAva che. A vAva gUjarAtanI bIjI vAva jevI bAMdhaNInI paNa sAdI che. amadAvAdanI dAdA harinI ke aDAlajanI vAva jevI suMdara nathI. vAvanI bAMdhaNI e gujarAtanA sthApatyanI eka khAsa vizeSatA che. paNa ahIM enI racanAnAM varNanane sthAna nathI. e vAva paMdaramI sadImAM baMdhAI che. hiMdu sthApatya. hiMdu samayamAM khaMbhAta hiMdu sthApatyanA makAnethI bharapUra hatuM. enA aneka ullekha sAhityamAM maLe che. Aje paNa aneka hiMdu maMdire khaMbhAtamAM che. paraMtu sthApatyanA nAmane zobhe evAM makAne khAsa nathI. je prAcIna maMdira ane prAsAde khaMbhAtanA alaMkArarUpa hatA ane hAla mAtra nAmazeSa che enuM varNana AgaLa karIzuM. paraMtu enuM kAMI nizAna Aje na hovAthI sthApatyamAM enI gaNatrI thAya tema nathI. hAla je jaina ane hiMdu maMdire che te paNa sthApatyanI dRSTie uttama to na ja kahevAya. AjanA vakhatamAM paNa uttama sthApatya nathI udbhavatuM ema nathI. paNa varSa pahelAM baMdhAeluM amadAvAdanuM haThIsiMhanuM maMdira gujarAtanA kArIgaro prAcIna bAMdhaNI ane kalA bhUlI nathI gayA e siddha kare che. khaMbhAtamAM pArzvanAthanAM maMdira vagere be traNa maMdiro ane navuM baMdhAeluM svAmInArAyaNanuM maMdira sthApatya tarIke gaNI zakAya. paraMtu staMbhana pArzvanAtha thAmaNAthI khaMbhAta AvyA tyAra pachI khaMbhAta jainatIrtha banyuM chatAM emanuM maMdira paNa haThIsiMhanA maMdira jevuM viziSTa sthApatya siddha karatuM nathI baMdhAyuM e dilagIra thavA jevuM che. khaMbhAtanAM jaina maMdirane bhabhaka joI sAmAnya AMkha jarA aMjAya kharI paNa sthApatyanA zokhInane e joI saMtoSa na thAya. brAhmaNa maMdire te maMdiranA nAmane paNa zobhe evAM nathI. eTale e te nAma mAtra gaNavA mATe ja che. eTale ekaMdare khaMbhAtanA hiMdu sthApatyane mATe A prakaraNamAM lakhavA jevuM kAMI nathI, je che te jovA lAyaka sthaLa tarIke gaNAvI zakAya. pratimA vidhAna khaMbhAtamAM hiMdu mUrtio je thoDI rahI che te dhyAna kheMce tevI che, ane te moTe bhAga nagarAmAM che. A mUrtio cAlunA kharA jAherajalAlInA samayanI jaNAya che. nagarAmAM brahmAnI be mUrtio 6 e ja. 7 vaDavAnI vAva khaMbhAtanAM prAcIna makAnamAM gaNI zakAya, paNa gujarAtanI bIjI vA jevI e suMdara nathI tethI enuM vistRta varNana jarUra nathI. ene lekha pAchaLa pariziSTamAM ApI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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1 | ED R paE lJCygI ho, CLE ) jumA masjidanI aMdaranI ArasanI kabare; te paranA lekha tathA kataraNa sahita For Private and Personal Use Only

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sthApatya 105 che. temAM eka akhaMDa che ane khIjI khaMDita che. A baMne mUrtio kalAnA suMdara namUnA che, ane emanA mukha uparanA bhAva tathA alaMkArAnI zuddhi manohara che. brahmAnA maMdiramAM ziva gaNeza vagere badhI mUrti uttama che. nagarAmAM jayAdityanI mUrti paNa khAsa dhyAna kheMce tevI che. brahmA ane sUryanI A mUrtio AkhI manuSyAkRti jeTalI UMcI che. sUryanI mUrti meADherAnI mUrti jeTalI bhAvavAhI nathI. khaMbhAtamAM vaDA vAsudevanI poLamAM viSNunI mUrti che te paNa e ja samayanI che paNa te nAnI che. ziva maMdire. A prAcIna pAzupatAnA sthAnamAM che ane sAdAM ne rasa vagaranAM che. emAM sUrya, pArvatI vagerenI bIjI sArI mUrtie ahIMtahIM paDelI maLe che. ogaNIsamI sadInA aMtamAM ane vIsamI sadImAM je makAnA banelAM che te pazcimanI DhabanAM che; ane sthApatyanI dRSTie taddana nakAmAM che. khIje badhe banyuM che ema khaMbhAtamAM paNa evAM makAna nathI pazcimanA sthApatyanA niyama pramANe ke nathI ApaNA dezI niyama pramANe. eTale cAlu sadI sthApatyane mATe teA muMbAI jevAM meTAM zaherAmAM gaNatrImAM laI zakAya. For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa teramuM vepAra ane vahANavaTuM khaMbhAta vepAra mATe lAyaka madhyastha sthaLa 29 bhAtanA vepArane ItihAsa enA sthaLanA ItihAsa jeTale ja rasamaya che. khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa 1. eziyAnA nakazAmAM evI rIte AveluM che ke ghaNA dezathI AvatA jatA mAlanuM e madhyastha kendra thaI zake. prAcIna samayamAM jyAre yuropanA keTalAka deze jaMgalI hatA ane amerikA yuropanA lokone jaDo paNa nahotA tyAre hiMdustAnanI sthiti vepAraudyoganA kSetramAM kevI sarvoparI hatI e have itihAsanA vAMcanArane ajANyuM nathI. yuropanA loke kapAsa zuM te samajatA nahotA tyAre hiMdustAna sArAmAM sAruM kApaDa banAvI paradezane pUruM pADatuM hatuM. e hiMdustAnamAM pazcimamAM Avelo gUjarAtano nAno prAMta vepArI buddhimAM sarvoparI hatuM. cheka kahevAtA prAgaitihAsika samayathI bharUca, sopArA, prabhAsane khaMbhAta hiMdustAnanAM meTAM baMdara hatAM. temAM khaMbhAta hiMdanAM sarvathI meTAM baMdaramAM gaNAtuM, ane pAchaLathI pahelI paMktinuM gaNAtuM surata baMdara paNa gujarAtanuM ja baMdara hatuM. kalakattA, madrAsa vagere moTAM baMdare Aje hiMdustAnamAM che chatAM vepAra ane nANAMvaTA mATe te jema muMbAIja sarvoparI gaNAya che tema madhya prAcIna kALamAM tAmralita vagere baMdara chatAM khaMbhAta ja mukhya gaNAtuM. soLamI sadInA aMta bhAgamAM khabhAtanA akhAtane mathALAno bhAga purAto gayo tema tema dhImedhIme khaMbhAtanI jAhojalAlI ghaTatI gaI ane Arthika paDatI AvI. uttara hiMda sAthe khaMbhAtane vepArI saMbaMdha cheka sattaramI sadI sudhI jamIna raste hato. tyAre agAu joyuM te mujaba sarasvatI nadIno khaMbhAta pAsethI kAzmIra sudhI jato pravAha ane sidhu Adi kacchanA raNamAM paDatI nadIenA paMjAbamAM thaIne AvatA pravAha khaMbhAta ane gujarAtanAM bIjAM baMdarone uttara hiMdanA mukhya mathake sAthe sahelAIthI joDatAM. eka bAju dakSiNamAM thaIne jAvA brahmadeza vagere dezo ane bIjI bAju pazcimamAM rAto samudra ane IrAnI akhAtanI AsapAsanA deze e badhAmAM khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa evuM madhyastha che ke enI e bhaugolika sthiti enA vepAra ane vahANavaTAnI pragatimAM ghaNuM sahAya karatI. khaMbhAtanA vepArane ItihAsa eTale hiMdanA prAcIna vahANavaTAne itihAsa A rIte khaMbhAta agara e jagyAe je nAmathI nagara haze teNe ghaNA prAcIna kALathI sAre vepAra khIlavyo haze emAM zaMkA nathI. paraMtu e jANavAnA sAdhananA abhAve jyArathI khaMbhAtanA spaSTa ullekha maLe che tyAMthI vepAra saMbaMdhI vigata lakhazuM. bIjuM e paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke khaMbhAta e prasiddha baMdara hAI ene vepAra moTe bhAge dariyA mAne che ane je vepAra jamIna 1 juo pirANika samayanA prakaraNa sAthe Apelo nakaze. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM 107 mArganA che te paNa paradeza javA ke AvavA mATe samudra sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA ja che. eTale khaMbhAtanA vepAranA itihAsa ghaNe aMze khaMbhAtanA vahANavaTAnA itihAsa che. ema kahevAya che ke muMbAI, kalakattA vagere hAlanAM meTAM baMdarAnAM nAbhinazAna nahotAM tyAre hiMdustAnanA vahANuTAnA kendra jevA khaMbhAta baMdaramAM bInaM koIpaNa aMdara karatAM vadhAre paradezIe AvyA hatA.2 dasa ane agiyAramI sadInA AraenA ullekhA khaMbhAtanA vepAranA ullekhe! dasamI sadInI zarUAtathI AronAM varNanathI zarU thAya che. e vakhate khaMbhAtanI pedAzamAM kerI, nAriyeLa, lIMbu, cokhA ane jathAbaMdha madha eTaluM gaNAtuM. khaMbhAtamAM cAmaDAMnA vepAra paNa mATeA hatA. ane enAM caMpala tathA joDA paradezamAM jatA. ghaNA vepArI irAna ane arabastAnanA hatA ane potAnA dharma sukhethI pALatA hatA. A vakhate dariyAmAM 'avArija'nAmanA cAMciyA leAkeAnA trAsa ghaNA hatA, ane e leAkeA 'ariyA' nAmanA vahANamAM AvatA. A leke hiMdustAnanA pazcima kinArAthI mAMDI rAnI akhAta ane sAkATrA sudhI lUMTa calAvatA.4 agiyAramI sadImAM A cAMciyAene trAsa ghaNA hatA chatAM khaMbhAtanA vepAra ghaNA sArA cAlatA ane gUjarAtanA vepAranuM e kendra hatuM. AsapAsathI kapAsa, kApaDa, suM, vagere tyAM AvatuM. uttara hiMdamAM mulatAnathI paNa mAla AvatA ane te pagaraste agara kinAre thaI ne vahANamAM AvatA. mALavAthI khAMDa AvatI. khaMbhAtanA mAla pazcimamAM irAna, arabastAna ane AphrikAmAM seAphalA baMdare jatA ane pUrvamAM hiMdanA kinArAnAM baMdarA, kArAmAMDala kinArA, ane ' jaMka ' nAmanA vahANamAM cheka cIna sudhI mAla jatA. bAramI sadI mAramI sadImAM khaMbhAtathI ghauM cAkhA, gaLI, sarakaTa,pa e mukhya nikAza hatI. jagatanA dareka dezanI 2 jue vasaMta rajatamahAtsavamAM ApelA A lekhakane gujarAtanuM vahANavaTuM' e nAmanA lekha. 3 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 187-88, ane Ibna hAkala-ilIaTa. I, 34-38 nArayeLa vagere khaMbhAtamAM te vakhate thatuM haze e Aje navAI lAge evuM che. uparanI pedArA khaMbhAtamAM thatI ke dezanA aMdaranA bhAgamAMthI tyAM AvatI te spaSTa nathI, ibna hai|kala vadhArAmAM kahe che ke badhI vastI hiMduonI chatAM bahu musalamAna hatA ane balahAranI vatI e ja rAja karatA hAya ema hatuM. A vAta mAnavA jevI lAgatI nathI. kAraNa pachInAM varNane hiMdu rAjAe taraphathI dareka dharmavALAne samAna nyAya maLate evAM maLe che. khajUra ahIM thatAM nathI ema lakhe che. 4 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 188. kAThiyAvADanA kinArAnA cAMciyA prasiddha hatA. kacchanA paNa ghaNA baLavAna hatA. rajaputa, mera, ane jATa jAtinA cAMciyA sAmAnya bavArija nAmathI eLakhAtA, kacchamAM jATanI vastI hatI ane e vakhatamAM kacchanA rAjA jardadhipa kahevAtA. e leAkanA vahANanA kAphalA eTalA baLavAna hatA ke yukreTIsa ane basarA sudhI lUMTa karavA jatA tyAre bagadAdanI khIlAphatanI gAdIne peAtAnuM AvuM ttera cAMciyAne haMphAvavAmAM vAparavuM paDatuM. riyA nAmanuM vahANa te gUjarAtI 'beDA' hoya ema lAge che. 'beDo pAra' e kahevatamAM vaparAya che te. beDA prAkRta vahANanA nAma vegaDo' e uparathI veaDA eaDA, kheDA, ema bhraSTa thaine thayuM che. 5 Illiot I. 85 AmAM netara Rattan zabda vAparyAM che. gejheTIaranA lekhaka Indian cane lakhe che. bANa banAvavA mATe vaparAtuM hoya ema lAge che, ahIM sarakaTa zabda ThIka lAgyA che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM 108 vastue khaMbhAtamAM maLatI ane khaMbhAta mAraphate jatI ne AvatI. cAMciyAnuM vhera hatuM. paraMtu cheka khaMbhAta lagI te harakata karI zakatA nahi, ane khaMbhAta baMdaranI aMdara teA vepArIonI salAmatI hatI. ala DrIsI lakhe che ke A salAmatI te vakhatanI sarakAre majabUta killA khaMbhAtamAM bAMdhyA hatA tethI hatI. A vakhata aNuhilavADa pATaNanA baLavAna rAjAonA hatA ane jaitAnuM jora khaMbhAtamAM vadhavA mAMDatyuM hatuM. paradezI veparIe uparAMta meTe bhAge vepAra jaineAnA hAthamAM hatA. teramI sadImAM maeNrIne saTA (Marino Sanuto ) nAmaneA musAphara lakhe che ke khaMbhAta hiMdanA sauthI meTAM baMdarAmAMnuM eka gaNAtuM. gaLAnA meTA vepAra ane nikAza paNa ghaNA meATA pramANamAM thatAM. kApaDa ghaNA dezAvara nikAza thatuM. khArIka kApaDa paNa khaMbhAta baMdarathI caDatuM. kapAsa ane cAmaDAM paNa ghaNA meTA jathAmAM caDatAM. mArkopAlA lakhe che ke (1290)mAM gujarAtamAM e vakhate cAmaDAMne vepAra hateA. kAcAM cAmaDAM, bakarAM, baLada, bheMsa ane bIjAM ghaNAM janAvaranAM arabastAna bAju caDatAM. cAmaDAM keLavIne enA caMpala ane joDA banAvavAne hunnara paNa meTA pramANamAM hatA ane raMgakheraMgI ane seAnerI bhAtIgaLa caTAie cAmaDAMnI banatI. sAnuMrUpuM, trAMbu, jasata, majI vagere rAtA samudranAM baMdarAthI khaMbhAtamAM AyAta thatuM; ane IrAnI akhAtanAM baMdarAthI gheADAnI ghaNI meTI Ayata thatI hatI. pArasI ane musalamAna vepArIo paNa sArA pramANamAM hatA ane pATaNanA rAjAe taraphathI darekane sarakhA nyAya maLatA e AgaLa joi gayA chIe. vahANavaTuM hiMduonA hAthamAM paNa sArA pramANamAM hatuM. khAravA TaMDela vagere mATe bhAge rajaputa ane kALI lAke hatA. A sadImAM khaMbhAtamAM vastupAla tejapAlanA vahIvaTa thaI gayA hatA. ane gujarAtanA naukAsainyanuM kendra khaMbhAta hatuM e AgaLa joI gayA. A vIra vANiyAee khaMbhAtamAM rahI gUjarAtanI vyavasthA karelI chatAM arakhI samudramAM cAMciyAnuM jora echuM thaeluM jaNAyuM nathI. mArkApAle lakhe che ke kaccha ane seAmanAthanA cAMciyA e vakhate paNa joramAM hatA ane e vakhatamAM dirayAnA sauthI jabarA lUMTArU gaNAtA. vastupAlanA mahAmAtyapadanA samayamAM ene putra jayaMtasiMha khaMbhAtamAM zarApInA dhaMdhA karatA hatA ema samajAya che.7 caudamI sadI caudamI sadImAM khaMbhAtanA vepAra saMbaMdhI bahu ullekheA maLatA nathI. e sadI hiMdu samaya pUrA thayA pachI ane gUjarAtanI svataMtra bAdazAhI amadAvAdamAM sthapAi te pahelAMnA dilhInA sulatAneAnA 6 Illiot I. 84 AmAM Government of India e killA bAMdhyA che ema lakhe che. gejheTIaranA lekhaka ahillavADanA rAjAe ema noMdhamAM lakhe che. siMdha sivAyanA bhAga Arae hiMda e nAmathI eLakhatA ane gUjarAta sAthe emane paricaya vadhAre hovAthI ane hiMdanuM e dvAra heAvAthI ene paNa hiMda kahetA. eTale gUjarAtane mATe ja A zabda vAparelA che. joke ilIyaTe e spaSTa kareluM nathI. IdrIsI 'kanA' 'Kana' nAmanI vastu nikAza thavAnuM lakhe che. 7 x x x madde nayatasiMhaiM saM. 1279 haMmatIrtha mudrAvyApArAnuM vyArlRvaMtisati | ahIM mudrAvyApArAt enA artha nANAvaTInA dhaMdheA ke sarakArI adhikArI tarIke mahAra chApa ke TaMkazALanA adhipati te mATe matabheda che, keTalAka vidyAnA upara mujAbane artha kare che. jIe saM. caitra 1970 'vasaMta'mAM AvelI carcA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM subAonA amalanI hatI. eTale rAjyakrAMtinI kAMIka avyavasthA ane rAjakartAonI aMgata dekharekhane abhAva hovAthI e sadImAM bahu vepArIo paradezathI AvyA na paNa hoya. ApaNA dezI lokone to dhArmika bAbato sivAya bIjuM noMdhavAnI Teva ochI hovAthI dezI graMthamAMthI bIjI bAbatanA ulalekhanI AzA rAkhavI vyartha che. ema chatAM paNa khaMbhAta zaherano vepAra e sadImAM pramANamAM sAre cAlato haze emAM te zaMkA nathI. alAuddIna khIlajInA subA ulughakhAnanA samayamAM zatrujaya tIrthane cha uddhAra karanAra samarasiMha (samarAzAha) moTA vepArI hatI ane enI devagiri (devagaDha) ane khaMbhAtanI zAkhAonA kAryakartAo enA bhAIo hatA. samarasiMhano vepAra e meTa hatuM ke ulughakhAnanI enA upara khAsa maherabAnI hatI ane zatruMjayanA uddhAra mATe khAsa pharamAna ApyuM hatuM. paradezIonA ullekhamAM i. sa. 1345mAM Araba Ibana baTuTAno ullekha mAtra maLe che; ane e paNa e sadImAM khaMbhAta samRddha hatuM ema sAkSI pUre che. yuropa ane eziyAnI vaccene rAtA samudrane rasto cAlu hato ema e jaNAve che, ane rAtA samudranAM baMdarane khaMbhAta sAthe vepAra jANItuM che. paMdaramI sadI paMdaramI sadImAM AvelA musAphare khaMbhAtamAM pikharAja, gomeda, sugaMdhI tele, lAkha, gaLI, haraDA, baheDAM, AMbaLAM, rezamI bhAla ane kAgaLane dhaMdhe sAre cAlatuM hatuM ema lakhe che. A sadImAM amadAvAdanA sulatAna naukAsainya mATe paNa dhyAna sArUM ApatA ane lagabhaga pAMca vakhata khaMbhAte naukAyuddhamAM bhAga bhajavyo che te joI gayA. AmAM eka vakhata I.sa. 1430mAM ahamadazAha brAhmaNI sAme kAphalo mokalelo te mAtra rAjakIya bAbata hatI. bIjI cAra vakhata cAMciyAone vaza karavA mATe kAphalA gaelA. A sadImAM gujarAtanA sulatAnoe khaMbhAtane AbAda rAkhAvAmAM bahu kALajI rAkhelI. soLamI sadImAM jeke khaMbhAtanA vepAranA ullekho bIjI dareka sadI karatAM vadhAre maLe che ane tene lIdhe bIjI koI sadI karatAM e sadImAM khaMbhAta vadhAre samRddha haze ema koI dhArI le. paraMtu kharI rIte terathI paMdaramI sadI e khaMbhAtanA vepArane mATe kharekharo suvarNane samaya hato. amadAvAdanA sulatAna mahamada begaDAnA samaya jevI zAMti ane AbAdI gUjarAta kadI dIThI nathI, ane e samaya jeTalo vepAra soLamI sadInA bIjA pAdathI porTugIjha jeramAM 8 juo nAbhinaMdanodvAra prabaMdha: zrIkaka ruri viracita. prastAva. 4. . 353-54. khaMbhAtanI peDhIne kAryakartA sAhaNa hato. e ja prabaMdhamAM AgaLa lakhe che ke sAhaNa khaMbhAtathI saMgha laI samarasiMhane maLavA zatruMjaya tarapha jato hato temAM matrIzvara pAtAka, sAMgaNa, saMghapati lAlA, siMhabhaTa, varatupAlanA vaMzane vijya zeTha, madana, mahAka, ratnasiMha vagere khaMbhAtanA agragaNya zrAvake AvyA hatA. lo. 363-36 7. 9 Isa. 1475mAM malabArI cAMciyA sAme; 1480mAM jagata beTadvArakAMnA cAMciyA sAme, 1482mAM valasADanA cAMciyA sAme; bAkI malI kutujAra sAme, ethenesiyasa nIkeTIna. (1468-74) lakhe che ke cAMciyA musalamAna nahatA tema khristI paNa nahotA. paththaranI mAtAne pUjanArA ane kAiTane na jANanArA hatA. eTale hidu hatA. (Bom. Gaz, VI. P. 189. N. 5). For Private and Personal Use Only

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110 vepAra ane vahANavaTuM AvyA pachI rahe e manAya evuM nathI. eTale soLamI sadI ke jeno hevAla AgaLa varNavIzuM temAM porTugIjhonA hAthamAM dariyAI sattA gayA chatAM jyAre khaMbhAta ghaNuM samRddha zahera mAlUma paDe che te enI ethI paNa vadhAre samRddhi paMdaramI sadImAM hovI joIe. paMdaramI sadImAM ja amadAvAda rUpI laMDananuM khaMbhAta lIvarapula jevuM baMdara hatuM. paMdaramI sadImAM ja yuropa ane eziyAnA dezomAM hiMdustAna AkhuM khaMbhAtane nAme oLakhAtuM. uttara hiMdamAM musalamAna sattA e vakhate jAmI gaelI hatI. suratanI zarUAta paNa e sadImAM thaI hatI. e vakhate khaMbhAta makkAnuM dvAra gaNAtuM. eka sadI vItyA pachI te e sthAna surate laI lIdhuM hatuM. soLamI sadI seLamI sadInA pahelA pAdamAM gUjarAtanA sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA amalamAM khaMbhAtanI jAhojalAlI te sArI hatI. gUjarAtanuM naukAsainya baLavAna ane vijayI nIvaDyuM hatuM. chatAM e bAdazAhanAM chellAM varSomAM porTugIjhanI sattA ghaNI vadhI gaI hatI. porTugIjhane lIdhe khaMbhAtane vepAra vadhyo haze ke kema e eka savAla che. paraMtu e lekae gujarAtanAM baMdarone ghaNo trAsa Apyo che. emanI avarajavara vadhavAne lIdhe soLamI sadIthI ApaNane khaMbhAta tathA bIjA baMdaronA vepAranA ullekho ghaNA maLe che. i. sa. 1533thI hiMdanA pazcima kinArAnA samudranA e loke niyAmaka jevA banI gayA hatA. khaMbhAtane vepAra ghaTe ane te AsapAsanA thaDA nAnA mulakanuM mAtra baMdara banI jaI hiMdu stAnano vepAra dIva damaNa vagere emanAM baMdaro mAraphate thAya emAM emano kharo svArtha hato. vajiyA ane rAjiyA I. 158thI porTugala peInanI sattAmAM AvavAthI emanI sattA narama paDI tyArathI khaMbhAtane vepAra vadhavA mAMDe. e pahelAM khaMbhAta agara gUjarAtamAM bIjA baMdarethI UpaDatAM vahANane piorTa gIjhano paravAno meLavo paDato ne khaMbhAta AvatAM vahANone paNa emane saMtoSavA paDatA. e sattAne eka dAkhalo sAro maLela che. kAvInA vatanI ane khaMbhAtanA moTA vepArI e vakhate vajiyA ane rAjiyA nAmanA jaina bhAIo hatA. emano vepAra ghaNo moTo hato ane govAnA phiraMgI gavarnara upara emanI lAgavaga ghaNI bhAre hatI. eka vakhate porTugIjhoe eka cAMciyAnuM vahANa pakaDayuM ane pakaDAelAone mArI nAkhavA hukama Ape. e divase jainenA pajusaNanA hatA. cAMciyAone e vAta yAda AvavAthI vajiyA ane rAjiyA zeThanA dharmanA khAsa divasa che e yAda phiraMgI sattAvALAone ApI, ane pitAnA mitra jevA zeThiyAnA dhArmika pane divase hiMsA na karavI ema lAgyAthI cAMciyAne emaNe choDI mUkyA.10 A vAta eTaluM batAvI Ape che ke gujarAtanA vepArIo dareka sattA sAthe sArAsArI rAkhatA hatA. soLamI sadInA pAchalA bhAgamAM siMdhamAM ThaThThAnuM baMdara paNa vadhatuM jatuM hovAthI mulatAna, paMjAba ane uttara hiMdanA keTalAka bhAgane mAla je khaMbhAta mAraphate caDate ane Avato te ThaThThA mAraphate cAlavA 10 juo vasaMta rajata mahotsava graMthamAM "gujarAtanuM vahANavaTuM e nAmane A lekhakane lekha, For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM 111 lAgyo. 11 e ja arasAmAM khaMbhAtanA akhAtane uparane bhAga purAte ja hovAthI moTAM vahANa ghoghe UbhAM rahetAM ane tyAMthI nAnAM vahANamAM mAla bharIne lAvavo paDato. baMdaranI saddhine A eka meTI harakata naDI hatI. ethI surata vadhatuM gayuM ane khaMbhAtane vepAra e pachInI sadIthI ocho thato cAlyo. seLamI sadImAM khaMbhAtamAM pATaNa, amadAvAda ane cAMpAnerathI mAla Avata. zarUAtamAM to dilhI ane lAhorathI paNa mAla Avato. hiMdustAna ane gUjarAtanAM baMdaro jevAM ke, ghoghA, dIva, debala, (siMdha), kAlIkaTa, cIna, sIlena, citAgAMga, mArtAbAna, nAsarIma, malAkA, ane pazcimamAM heramajha, zahera, eDana, jeDA, megeDekasA, maliMdA ane mabAsA, vagere baMdarethI paNa khaMbhAtamAM mAla AvatA. piorTugIjhonI sattAnA vakhatamAM khaMbhAtathI hiMdustAnanA baMdaree ja mAla dIva damaNa ne ge ja, ane irAnI akhAta bAju ja mAla horamajha jato.12 bArabosA lakhe che ke khaMbhAtanA vepArIo mabAsAmAM ghara karIne rahetA hatA ane khaMbhAtanAM vahANomAM pitAno mAla AvatA te sokAlA ane dakSiNa AphrikAmAM base mAIlathI che. ane kepa oNpha guDa hopa sudhI jato. A vepArIo khaMbhAtano raMgIna mAla AphrikAnA aMdaranA lokone ApI khyA vagara sonuM badalAmAM letA ane emAM se TakA upara napho karatA. mabAsAmAM khaMbhAtanAM ghaNuM vahANa AvatAM.13 kahe che ke irAnI akhAtane hAramajha baMdaranI Avaka khaMbhAta sAthe vepAra upara ja AdhAra rAkhatI.14 eDanano khabhAta sAthe moTo vepAra hato. emAM kApaDa, tejAnA, auSadha, javAhara, motI, sutara, rU vagere AvatuM; ane pAre, karamaja, gulAbajala vagere jatuM. bArasA lakhe che ke "khaMbhAtanAM vahANo eTalAM badhAM ne evaDAM moTAM Ave che ane eTalo badho jathAbaMdhI mAla lAve che ke enI kiMmatano vicAra karatAM gabharAmaNa thaI jAya."15 pegumAM khaMbhAtanuM kApaDa ane rezamI paToLAM bahu jatAM. 11 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 190. Note. 1. 12 e ja pR. 190. 13 Stanley's Barbosa P. 12. 14 Bom.Gaz.VI. P. 190 Note3mirAte ahamadI gRjarAta saltanatanA samayamAM gUjarAtanAM badaro gaNAvatAM heramajha (huramuja) baMdarane gujarAtane khaMDaNI ApatuM baMdara kahe che. gUjarAta coryAsI baMdarane vAvaTo kahevAtuM emAM bahAranAM ghaNAM badarone gaNAvelAM che. haramuja baMdaranuM nAma jUnA jaina rAsAmAM paNa Ave che. e baMdaramAM pahelAM ApaNA lokonI varatI sArI hatI. Stanley's Barbosa P. 4, 5, 9, 13, 15, 16, 17mAM AmikAnA kAMThAne khaMbhAta sAthe vepAranA ullekha che. sophAlAmAM hiMdu musalamAna rahetA ane rezamI raMgaberaMgI kApaDa ApI moTA jathAmAM hAthIdAMta laIne eka haMdaveTanA pAMca cha DayukeTa laI bhAtamAM vecatA. khaMbhAtathI maNakA AvatA (akIkanA ?) malIMda zaheramAM paNa hiMdu ane musalamAne rahI khaMbhAta sAthe vepAra karatA. jhAMjhIbAranA loko sArAM kapaDAM mabAsAnA khaMbhAtI vepArIo pAsethI kharIdatA. (sAmAnya gUjarAtI mATe A zabda lAge che), rAtA samudramAM megeDekarane zaheramAM khaMbhAtane mAla vahANamAM eDana thaIne Avato. e ja kinAre bArabarA nAmanA zaheramAM khaMbhAtanAM ghaNAM vahANe AvI hAthIdAMta ane senuM laI jAya che. 15 Stanley's Barbosa P. 27-28. Dinar ne Xeher nAmanAM zahere mATe paNa (pR. 30-31) e ja musAphara lakhe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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112 vepAra ane vahANavaTuM AvAmAM paNa khaMbhAtano ghaNe mAla jato. malAkAmAM khaMbhAtathI kariyANuM, kesara, rAtAM kapaDAM, paravALAM vagere AvatuM; jAvAmAM paNa khaMbhAtathI kariyANuM, lasaNa, kApaDa, maNakA vagere AvatuM. cInamAM khaMbhAtanuM kariyANuM, kesara, paravALAM eTaluM khAsa AvatuM.17 vacamAM rAtA samudra sAtheno vepAra aTakI gayo hato te jyAre zarU thayo tyAre eDanane badale mokhA baMdara sAthe kAma thavA mAMDyuM. bAbAsA sIjhara phreDarika vagere gujarAtanA ghauM khaMbhAta mAraphate paradeza caDatA ema lakhe che. gUjarAta uparAMta mALavAnA ghauM paNa khaMbhAta mAraphate caDatA hoya to paNa paradezamAM to badhA khaMbhAtanA ghauM ja kahevAya. mukhya nikAza kayAM kayAM jatI khaMbhAtanA nikAza vepAramAM akIkanA paththaranI banAvaTo ghaNA prAcIna kALathI agatyanuM sthAna bhajave che. e paththaranI banAvaTo paradezamAM khaMbhAtI paththaranI cIjone nAme lakhe che. khaMbhAtathI caDatA anAjamAM cekhA mukhya che te siMdha, kaMkaNa, malabAra, arabastAna ane AphrikA jatA;19 bAjarI malabAra ane AphrikA jatI; ghauM malabAra, arabastAna, ane AphrikA jatA; dALa ane tala malabAra jatAM; kapAsa malabAra ane arabastAna jate; suMTha marI irAna jatAM;20 khaMbhAtanuM aphINu eDanathI halakuM manAtuM chatAM irAna vagere bAju jatuM, malabAra pegu ane malAkAmAM paNa jatuM. 21 gujarAtanI gaLI. AgrAnI gaLI karatAM halakI chatAM khaMbhAtathI IrAnI akhAta bAjunI nikAzamAM mukhya gaNAtI, ane pAchaLathI porTugIjhanAM kAMkaNa bAjunAM baMdarothI caDatI. gheDAnI AyAta jeTalI ja bhAre nikAza hoya ema jaNAya che. kAMkaNa ane malabAra bAju khaMbhAtathI gheADA nikAza thatA. bArabosA lakhe che ke ghoDA eTalA badhA AvatA ne jatA ke Azcarya thAya." AthI siddha thAya che ke kaccha kAThiyAvADanA gheDA uparAMta arabastAnanA ghaDA paNa vahANamAM khaMbhAta AvIne hiMdanAM bIjAM sthaLoe ane malabAra bAju jatA ane bIjAM baMdaree mAla sIdhe jaI zake tema hoya chatAM paNa jyAM vepArIne ja ane bIjI sagavaDa hoya tyAM ja mAla AvajA thaI zake che. pAchalAM musalamAna samayanA itihAsanAM prakaraNomAM gheDAnA ullekhathI khaMbhAta ghoDAnA sedAgaranuM eka vakhata khAsa sthaLa haze ema lAge che. 16 Barbosa P. 184 ane 186. 17 e ja pR. 191, 199, ane 206, 18 Bom. Gaz.VI. 190 Note 4. gejheTIarane lekhaka gujarAtamAM ekalA ghauM thavA mATe zaMkA uThAve che. paraMtu mALavAne pitAnA ghauM nikAsa karavA mATe gujarAtanAM baMdarone Azraya lIdhA vagara bIjo rasto nahato te vAta e bhUlI jAya che. 19 e ja pR. 190. malabAra ane paMkaNa tathA siMdhamAM khaMbhAtathI cekhA jAya e Aje jarA navAI jevuM lAge che. 20 e ja. pR. 190 dha pa. gejheTIarane lekhaka lakhe che ke marI e vakhate hiMdustAnamAM badhe thatAM. hAla to marI malabAra bAju thAya che. khaMbhAtathI marI caDatAM e uparathI tyAM thatAM ema mAnavAnuM kAraNa nathI e mAro namra mata che. kaI cIja game tyAM thatI hoya ane te dezamAM baMdara paNa najIka hoya chatAM salAmatInuM baMdara, nANAMdhIranAra moTA vepArIo ane amuka dezAvaree jatAM sIdhAM moTAM vahANa e badhuM, je baMdarethI maLe tyAMthI mAla ravAnA thaze. mulatAnane ane kAbulane siMdhanA baMdara najIka paDavA chatAM keTaloka samaya evo paNa hato ke khaMbhAta ane bharUca jeTaluM che gujarAtanA baMdaree mAla caDavA Avate. eTale malabarathI bharI khaMbhAta AvIne caDe emAM navAI nathI. 21 mALavAnuM akSaNa paNa khaMbhAta mAraphate caDatuM For Private and Personal Use Only

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113 vepAra ane vahANavaTuM bIjI taiyAra banAvelI vastuomAM akIkanI vastuo, sutara, raMgIna kApaDa, kAmaLA zetaraMjI, nakazIdAra peTIo, maNakA, lAkha, rezama, hAthIdAMtanI vastuo, ane rezamI mAlano moTo vepAra hata.22 kApaDa e te khaMbhAtano moTAmAM moTe vepAra hatA. varacemA nAmane musAphara lakhe che ke dara varSe 40thI 50 meTAM vahANo kApaDa-sutarAu temaja rezamInAM bharelAM dezAvara jatAM. bArabosA jhINuM temaja jADuM bane jAtanAM kApaDa, caDatAM ema lakhe che. sIjhara phreDarika lakhe che ke chApelA, sapheda ane raMgIna kApaDanI eTalI badhI jAto banatI ke gaNI zakAya nahi. porTugIjha marI vagere tejAnA lAvI badalAmAM khaMbhAtathI kApaDa bharI jatA. e loko khaMbhAtane duniyAnuM vastra kahetA, kAraNake khaMbhAtathI eTaluM badhuM kApaDa dezAvara caDatuM ke ethI e vakhatanI AkhI (sudharelI) duniyAnAM mANasane DhAMkI zakAya.23 AyAta jamIna mArga khaMbhAtamAM mAlavI ghauM, dakSiNathI hIrA ane siMdha tathA kaccha bAjuthI gugaLa vagere AvatuM. gugaLa vagere dhUpa cIna bAju bahu caDate ane porTugIjha enuM eka moTuM vahANa bharIne cIna mokalatA; ane e badhuM khaMbhAtanA sugaMdhI dravya tarIke oLakhAtuM. lAhorathI rezama, kAbulathI ghoDA tathA AMbaLAM bIjA mevA AvatA. samudra mArge trAMbu, sIsuM, pAra, phaTakaDI ane hiMgaLaka eTaluM eDanathI AvatuM. AmAMnI keTalIka cIjo yuropathI suejanA jamIna mArge thaIne eDana AvatI; ane AphrikA pharIne kepa oNpha guDa hopane raste cAlu thayA pachI paNa A badhI vastuo eDanathI sIdhI AvavAne badale govA vagere pArTugIjha baMdare thaIne AvavA lAgI. senuMrUpe AphrikA, ebIsIniyA ane IrAnI akhAtanAM baMdarothI AvatuM. sonArUpAnA sikkA paNa huramuja vagere baMdarethI AvatA. malabArathI lokhaMDa,siyAmathI kalAI ne mIThuM tathA gaMdhaka paNa huramuja bAjuthI AvatAM. 24 judIjudI jAtanuM javAhara, pazu, sIlona, ane IrAnathI AvatuM; ane javAhIrano meTa vepAra khaMbhAtamAM hate. malabArathI cekhA, elacI, pAnasopArI ane nAriyeLa AvatAM. 25 aphINa, majITha, mAyAphaLa, 22 rezamI mAla khaMbhAtathI caDato emAM vAMkA nathI. paNa rezama kayAMnuM enI vigata maLatI nathI. lAkhanI banAvaTa mATe gejheTIarane lekhaka zaka kare che. cAmaDAMnA sAmAna mATe bArasA kAMI ullekha nathI karato. jayAre bIjA musApharo cAmaDAM, jeDA vagerene meTo vepAra hato ema lakhe che. hAthIdAMta AphrikAthI moTe bhAge khaMbhAta Avato ane khaMbhAtamAM te enA cA banatA e sivAya bIjI cIjonA vipAranuM jANyAmAM nathI. juo Bom. Gaz. VI. 191. Notes, 7, 8, 9. 23 Don Joas de Castro kApaDa mATenA A ullekha ema batAve che ke ATaluM badhuM kApaDa mAtra khaMbhAta ke gujarAtamAM ja nahi banatuM hoya paraMtu hiMdanAM bIje sthaLethI dezAvara caDavA mATe khaMbhAta AvatuM haze. bArIka kApaDa mATe te bahArathI ja AvatuM hovAne saMbhava che. jema hAla vaDodarA, bharUcake suratamAM banate mInA kApaDane mAla amadAvAda ke muMbaImAM bajAramAM ja vecI zakAya che kAraNake e sthaLoe vyavasthita bajAra ane moTA jaththAmAM saddhara vepArIo che. tema e vakhate khaMbhAtamAM AkhA hidanA kApaDanuM sahara ane vyavasthita bajAra hatuM ane khaMbhAtanA vepArIo (Import & Export Houses) mAraphate dezAvara mAla caDano ema jaNAya che. 24 gujarAtanAM baMdaramAM e vakhate mIThuM pAkatuM. khaMbhAtamAM paNa ghaNuM thatuM eTale IrAnathI kevuM AvatuM haze te samajI zakAtuM nathI. 25 khaMbhAtathI zekhA caDavAnuM AgaLa AvI gayuM. malabArathI cokhA AvyAnuM ahIM lakhyuM che e jarA vicitra lAge evuM che, paraMtu ethI ema samajAya che ke malabArathI halakA khA gujarAta mATe AvatA ane dilahI, paMjAba ane gujarAta For Private and Personal Use Only

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114 vepAra ane vahANavaTuM khajUra vagere arabastAna ane IrAnathI AvatAM musApharoe tejAnA ane sugaMdhI padArthonI lAMbI nAmAvalI melyukasa, pegu, bAMdA, tImora, bornao, sumAtrA, jAvA, sIlona, malabAra ane kocIna-cIna vagerethI AvyAnI ApelI che. AmAM khaMbhAtathI nikAsa thatI ghaNI vastuo paNa AyAta tarIke gaNI che. eTale moTA baMdara tarIke je vastuo dezAvara jatI te ja vastuo dezAvaranI sArI ke sastI hoya te khaMbhAtamAM paNa AvatI ema samajAya che. gheDA ane hAthIdAMtanI AyAta bAbata AgaLa joI gayA. kAcabAnI DhAla ane keDI mAlIpathI ane raMgamAM vaparAtI kabUtaranI hagAra AphrikAthI AvatI. pegu ne mArtAbAnathI lAkha ane jAvAthI kasturI AvatI. AphrikA, koTA, ane mAladIpathI aMbara AvatuM. DhAkAthI bArIka malamala; yuropa bAjuthI rAtA samudramAM thaIne makhamala ane garama kApaDa AvatuM.27 soLamI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM A pramANe khaMbhAtano vepAra cAlato hato. e sadInA aMtamAM AgaLa varNavyAM e kAraNothI vepAra jarA narama paDyo. e ochA thaelA vepAranI yAdI paNa sIjhara phreDarike ApelI che ane emAM kApaDa ane akIkano sAmAna e mukhya che. bIjA mAlanI lAMbI yAdI ahIM pharI lakhavAnI jarUra nathI. dalAlIne dhaMdhe khaMbhAtane vepArIvarga paradezI ane vatanI ema baMne jAtane hati. paradezIomAM Araba, bIja musalamAne, porTugIjho ane yuropiyana hatA. vatanIomAM vaMzaparaMparAthI ghara karI rahelA musalamAna ane hiMduo hatA. hiMdustAnanAM baMdaromAM kocIna, kAlIkaTa ane DAbholamAM khaMbhAtanA hiMdu vepArIo sArAM gharamAM ne judA lattAmAM rahetA tathA potAnA dezanA rivAja pALatA. paradezamAM heramajha baMdare, AphrikAmAM meMbAsA ane melIMdAmAM ghaNA hiMdu vepArI hatA. A hiMdu vepArIo mATe yuropIya musApharImAM be mata che. mArkepele, jeraDenasa ane phreDarika, hiMdu vepArIo ane dalAlane ghaNA vizvAsapAtra ane sArA tathA hoziyAra kahe che jyAre bArabosA ane DI kITa ghaNA kharAba, kaMjUsa ane chetaranAra kahe che. heronI lakhe che ke elekajhenDrIAneDamAsakasanA musalamAna vepArIo khaMbhAtamAM hatA ane turka (TakanA rahevAsI) leke te ghaNA ja hatA. dalAla vagara kAMI kAma thatuM nahi ane paradezanA loko to dalAla vagara kAMI paNa baMdha karI zakatA nahi. dareka cIjanI Apale mATe nA kamodana cokhA dakSiNa mATe khaMbhAtathI jatA. Aje A pramANe thAya che. 26 mAyAphaLa (galls)ne mATe bAsesA lakhe che ke makkA bAjuthI e vastu khaMbhAta AvatI ane khaMbhAtathI jAvA ane cIna jatI. A ullekha AgaLa lakheluM vadhu siddha kare che ke arabastAnathI jAvA ane cIna sIdhAM vahANa javA chatAM vepAranA moTA mathakane laIne khaMbhAta thaIne jatAM. 'From Cambay distributed to China.' 27 makhamala vinIsathI AvatI hatI ane te gujarAtamAM bahu vakhaNAtI. (Bom. Gaz. V1. Note 5. P. 192.). RC Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 193 Note 3-6. Gordanus describes the Gujarati Hindu traders of Kalicut as the best merchants in the world and most truthful. mArkopolo ane sIjhara keDarika e matane maLe che. ane lakhe che ke e loko koIne chetaratA nathI ane chetarAtA paNa nathI, bArasA enAthI UMdhuM ja kahe che. ane vajana, nANuM, temaja mAla badhAmAM chetarapiMDI cAlatI ema lakhe che. DI kaeNTe kahe che ke gUjarAtanA vANiyA khristIone to khAsa chetaratA ane 'Must be descended from the lost tribe of Isrel' ema lakhe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM 115 dalAla hatA. aMgreje pitAnA kAmakAja mATe khAsa judo dalAla rAkhatA ane vakhata jatAM bIjA harIpha kamI thatAM aMgrejone dalAla khaMbhAtamAM sarvathI moTo dalAla kahevAtuM. paradezIo pahelavahelA gUjarAtamAM AvyA paNa emanAthI A prAMtamAM pagabhara thavAyuM nahi. madrAsa ane baMgALAmAM emaNe vepAra uparAMta majabUta thANAM sthApyAM e batAvI Ape che ke gujarAtanA vepArIoe emane bahu praveza karavA dIdho nahote ane dhaMdhA pUratA to e A prAMtamAM phAvyA nahotA. gujarAtanA vepAramAM dalAlanI sattAnI je prathA paDelI che te paradezIone bahu na pesavA devAmAM eka kAraNabhUta thaI che ema manAya. 29 sIjhara phreDarika khaMbhAtamAM AvA dalAlanuM uttama varNana kare cheH "khaMbhAta utaryA pachI vepArIe eka sAro dalAla zodha paDe che. e loka hiMdu hoya che ane AbarUdAra hoya che. emanA hAtha nIce paMdarathI vIsa gumAstA hoya che. vepArI vahANa uparathI UtarIne turata pitAnA mAlanI yAdI dalAlanA hAthamAM mUkI de che. gharagaththu keTaloka sAmAna potAnI sAthe lAva paDe che, kAraNa A dezamAM ghara khAlI (pharanIcara vagaranAM) ApavAno rivAja che. dalAla khATalA, gaLI-mATalAM, vagerenI sagavaDa karI rAkhe che. vepArI ArAma le te daramyAna dalAla ene mAla vahANamAMthI UtarAvI ghera lAve che. vepArIne bajAranA rItarivAja ke lAgAnI kAMI samaja hatI nathI. dalAla vecavAnI vastuonA bajAranA cAlu bhAva ane je kharIdI karavI hoya tenA paNa bhAvanI yAdI ApI jAya che. pachI dalAla vepArI jema kahe tema tene mAla vecI ke kharIdI Ape che. jakAta vagere paNa dalAla cUkavI ApI vasUla kare che. dalAla vagara jAte karavA dhAryuM hoya te game teTalo vakhata the paNa kAMI kAma thatuM nathI.30 jamIna mArgane vepAra jamIna mArga A sadImAM amadAvAda mAraphate ghaNo mAla Avato. siMdhamAM nagaraThaThThA baMdara havA chatAM rAdhanapurane raste tyAMthI khaMbhAta mAla Avato. lAhora, dilhIne AgrAthI paNa amadAvAda thaI bhAla Avato. amadAvAdathI dara aThavADiye base gADAne kAphalA sAthe nIkaLato. kAraNa rastAmAM rajaputa ane kaLIone bhe ghaNo hato. sAthe cokiyAta levA paDatA ane jAmIna tarIke bhATa paNa sAthe rahetA. te kAphalAne harakata Ave to bhATa trAgu karatA. baMdaranI sthiti A badhI vepAranI jAhojalAlInA samayamAM khaMbhAta baMdaranuM potAnuM bAruM bahu kAmamAM AvatuM nahi. khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM vahANa calAvavAmAM ghaNuM jokhama hatuM ane dezI bhomiyA vagara aMdara avAtuM nahi. dUra dezAvarathI khaMbhAta Avato mAla ane khaMbhAtathI dUra dezAvaramAM jato mAla gAMdhAra (bharUca ane khaMbhAtanI vacce), ghedhA ke dIvathI caDAvo ne utAravo paDato. khaMbhAtanA bArAmAM 29 aMgrejI dalAlanI vigata aMgrejI keDInA judA prakaraNamAM karI che. aMgreja, Daca, porTugIjha kaeNca vagere gujarAtane badale bIjA prAMtomAM aMdaranA vepAramAM vadhAre phAvyA tenuM eka kAraNa dalAlonI sattA hatuM. 3. Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 193-4 (Cambay) Note. 7. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM 116 A mAla 'tahavarI' nAmanA nAnA machavAmAM bharIne lAvavA paDatA.31 seALamI sadInI zarUAtamAM kAI kAI vAra sAmAnya mATA kadanAM vahANa akhAtanA mathALA sudhI AvatAM, paNa jemajema varSo vadhatAM gayAM tematema e bhAga cheka nakAme thatA gayA. te eTale sudhI ke mahinAmAM be vakhata pUnama ane amAsane divase ja meATI bharatIne vakhate nAnAM vahANA paNa AvI zakatAM. kriraMgIenI sattA A sadInA pAJlA bhAgamAM vadhI tyAre khaMbhAta baMdarane cAMciyAthI bacAvavA porTugIjhAnI madada levI paDatI ane khaMbhAtamAM bAdazAhI naukAsainya rahetuM baMdha paDayuM hatuM.32 sattaramI sadI sattaramI sadI zarU thAya te pahelAM te suratanI caDatI zarU thaI gaI hatI. A vakhate khaMbhAta baMdarane surata baMdaranA hAtha nIce mUkavAmAM AvyuM hatuM chatAM paNa ene vepAra hiMdanA kAI paNa aMdara karatAM bhAgye ja UtaratA kahI zakAya.37 aMgreja ane valaMdAoe paNa suratanI kADIone mukhya sthAna gaNavAthI khaMbhAtanuM mahattva ghaNuM ochuM thayuM. A sadImAM khaMbhAtanI mukhya nikAza kapAsa ane kApaDa rahyAM. surata vadhavA chatAM IrAnI akhAta sudhI pazcimamAM ane jAvA ne acIna (sumAtrA) sudhI pUrvamAM khaMbhAtanAM vahANa sIdhAM jatAM. have khaMbhAta bAdazAhI subAenA sIdhA hAtha nIce te nahi paNa suratanA mutsaddInA hAtha nIcenA nAyaba mutsaddIonA vahIvaTamAM hatuM. vepAra ekaMdare mATeA kahI zakAya chatAM ghasArA cAlu ja hateA. aDhAramI sadI aDhAramI sadInI zarUAtathI gUjarAtamAM aMdhAdhUMdhInI zarUAta thavA mAMDI. chatAM paNa zarUAtanAM varSoM khaMbhAtanA vepAra mATe khATAM gayAM naheAtAM. aneka baMdarAthI aneka vastue AvatI ane jatI e tA have baMdha paDI gayuM hatuM. chatAM akIkanI vastuo, dANA, kApaDa, rezamI kApaDa, jarIbharatanuM kAma, e te khaMbhAtamAM ghaNuM sArUM cAlatuM hatuM. jarIbharatanA kAmamAM teA khaMbhAta e vakhate hiMdamAM ane kadAca AkhI duniyAmAM zreSTha gaNAtuM. 34 e sadInI adhacamAM akIkanA sAmAna, hAthI 31 e ja pR. 194 tahavarI tahveri e nAma Aine akabarIe ApeluM che. e nAmanuM mULa jaDatuM nathI. turI uparathI tA nahi hoya ? 32 porTugIjhA ane khaMbhAtanA nAkAsainyanuM varNana AgaLa kahI gayA chIe. khaMbhAta baMdara(harbour)nI vadhu vigata mATe juo. Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 194. 33 pAIrArDa levela lakhe cheke (16-1-1611) surata vadhatuM jatuM chatAM gAvAthI bIjI paMktie khaMbhAta sivAya hiMdanuM kAI baMdara gaNAtuM nahi. dara vaSa~ 'khaMbhAtI kAphalA' e nAme khaseAthI traNaseA vahANa gAvA baMdare AvatAM ane hiMdanAM vahANa porTugala jatAM tyAre jevA AnaMda thate evA AnaMda gAvAmAM khaMbhAtanAM vahANa AvavAthI thatA, khaMbhAtathI lAkhaMDa, vAMkuM, phaTakaDI, ane 'jagatamAM sArA gaNAtA' evA ghauM, cAkhA, kariyANuM, dhI, tela, sugaMdhI padArtho, sAbu, khAMDa, marI, madha, mINa, aphINa, caMdravA, suMdara khATalA, galocA, hAthIdAMtanI vastuo, chApanI jaDIta vastuo, seAnuMrUpu' ane javAhIranI vastuo, kAcabAnI DhAlanI peTIo, lAkaDakAma vagere ghaNuM AvatuM. (Bon. Gaz. 195 No. 1) 34 jarIbharata ane kinakhAba suratanAM paNa uttama gaNAtAM paraMtu suratanI caDatI pahelAM e sthAna amadAvAdanuM hatuM. khaMbhAta taLamAM e kAma kevuM thatuM-uttama thatuM ke nahi tenA spaSTa ullekha nathI. paraMtu amadAvAdanA mAla dezAvara javA khaMbhAta AvatA, For Private and Personal Use Only

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%DAY baMdara paranA dekhAve (1) khaMbhAtane bAMdhelo Do; (2) khaMbhAtanI khADI; (3) vahANa parane sAmAna (4) vahANa mArge Avelo mAla; (5) maro relavenA vaeNganamAM mAla caDAve che; (6) DakkA para UtarelI rUnI gAMsaDIo ane goDAuna. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM 117 dAMtane sAmAna, ane kApaDa e mukhya nikAza hatIsadInA AkharanA bhAgamAM vaNATakAma ochuM thayuM hatuM ane ekaMdare dhaMdhA paDI gayA hatA, chatAM jAvuM raMgIna kApaDa moTA pramANamAM AphrikA jatuM. mIThuM ane tamAku paNa nikAza thatAM. gaLIne vepAra baMdha thayo hato, kAraNake emAM bhega ghaNe thata hatuM. A sadImAM darabArI naukAsainya haze ema samajAya che. relbarTa askana lakhe che (khaMbhAtathI) ke i. sa. 1857mAM navAbanuM naukA sainya viruddha irAdAthI upaDayuM che. (Govt. Rec. ) ogaNIsamI sadI ogaNIsamI sadImAM khaMbhAtane vepAra ghaNo ocho thaI gayo hato. ghI, nAriyeLa, akIkano sAmAna, kapAsa, kapAsiyA, sUtara, sUko mevo raMga, dANA, kariyANuM, hAthIdAMta ane teno sAmAna, mahuDAM, dIvAsaLI, dhAtuo, goLa, tela, telIbI, kApaDa, mIThuM, rezama, sAbu paththara, khAMDa, ImAratI lAkaDuM, tamAku ane lAkaDAnA cUDA eTalI vastuonI AvakajAvaka thaI hatI. I.sa. 18778 nA varSamAM kula AyAta rU. 1317290nI ane kula nikAza rU. 900170nA mAlanI thaI hatI. AmAM moTe bhAge khaMbhAtamAM vaparAtI cIjono samAveza thAya che. bahArano vepAra pahelAM sAthe sarakhAvatAM nahi jevo thaI gayo hato. AmAM kApaDanA AMkaDA jANavA jevA che. I. sa. 183840mAM kApaDanI AyAta rU. 156pa0nI; nikAza rUA. 158270nI; I. sa. 1874-75mAM AyAta rUA. 71ra0 ane nikAza rUA. 13rara00nI; ane I.sa. 1877-78mAM AyAta rU. 181230nI ane nikAza rUA. 1910nI thaI hatI. A AMkaDA ekalA khaMbhAtanI nahi paNa AkhA dezanI kApaDa para ghaNI zokajanaka sthiti vyakta kare che. ogaNIsamI sadInA chellA pAdamAM AyAta keTalI vadhI ane nikAza keTalI ochI thaI gaI e paradezI kApaDa keTaluM vadhu pramANamAM AvyuM e batAve che. khaMbhAtane paradezIo "duniyAnuM vastra' kahetA. enI sthiti ekathI doDha saikAmAM evI thaI ke ene pitAne mATe vastra paradezathI lAvavAno vakhata AvyA. AnI zarUAta i. sa. 18ramAM amadAvAdamAM Do. gIlDara nAmanA mANase vilAyatI sUtara lAvIne karI hatI. ane ghaNAM varSo sudhI gUjarAtamAM vilAyatI kApaDa ane sUtara "dAktarI" sUtara ane kApaDa tarIke oLakhAtuM.36 egaNusamI sadInuM vahANavaTuM ane vepAra i.sa. 1878mAM khaMbhAta baMdaramAM nAnAmeTAM maLI kula pa66 vahANa AvelAM, ane enuM kula vajana AkhA varSanuM dasa hajAra Tana thAya. temAM 61 kacchathI AvyAM, 58 kAThiyAvADathI AvyAM, 25 porTugIjha baMdarethI AvyAM, 248 gujarAtanAM bIjAM baMdarothI AvyAM, 134 muMbAIthI AvyAM ane 40 kekaNathI AvyAM. navAinI vAta e che ke AmAM hiMda bahAranuM eka baMdara te nathI paNa 35 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 196. khaMbhAtanI AyAta-nikAsane eka kaTho gejheTIaranA lekhake I. sa. 1839-40, 1874-75, ane 1877-78nA varSone Apelo che e uparathI upara lakhelI cInanI AyAta ane nikAzanI vadhaghaTa jaNAze. 36 juo gUjarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda' vepAraudyoga prakaraNa. ogaNIsamI sadInA madhya bhAganA AyAta-nikAzanA AMkaDA mATe juo W. India By. A. Mackey P. P. 235-40, 37 Bom. Gaz. VI. P. 197. e pramANe kula 563 vahANa khaMbhAtathI upara jaNAvelAM baMdaroe gayAM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM 118 hiMdanA kinArAnAM paNa kAMkaNathI dakSiNanAM ane pUrva kinArAnAM baMdarA paNa nathI. eTaleke khaMbhAtanuM vahANavaTuM je eka vakhata AkhA eziyAmAM sarvoparI hatuM te ogaNIsamI sadImAM cheka najIkanAM baMdare pUratuM AvI gayuM hatuM. je vahANA khaMbhAtanA khArAmAM AvatAM te ' atelA ' jAtanAM hatAM. che Ta vajananAM vahANeA khaMbhAtanA bArAmAM sAmAnya bharatI vakhate sahelAithI AvI zakatAM. gaI sadInA chellA pAdamAM ane A sadInA (19mI ) muMbAIthI uttara gujarAtamAM AvatA ane jatA briTiza lazkarane khaMbhAta UtaravuM paDatuM. muMbAithI AvatA lazkarane surata mATuM thANuM chatAM uttara gUjarAtamAM javA mATe khaMbhAta ja vadhAre phAvatuM. I. sa. 1864mAM muMbAthI amadAvAda sudhInI relve pUrI thaI tyAM sudhI lazkarI AvajA mATe khaMbhAta baMdaranA upayAga thayA karatA. brIjha lakhe che ke ( gaI sadInA pUrvArdha) sArI meAsanamAM pacAsathI sATha 'telA' ane ' paDAva' jAtanAM vahANu khaMbhAtamAM AvatAM; ane e vakhate eTale relve thatAM pahelAM lagabhaga 30 'khatelA' khaMbhAtanA vepArIonI mAlikInAM hatAM.78 relve thayA pachI ekalA hiMdanA kinArAnuM teA nahi; paNa suejathI cIna sudhInA dariyAI mahAmArganuM madhyastha kendra jevuM khaMbhAta ekAeka ekaluM aTUluM ane khUNAmAM paDI gayuM. dariyAI mArganA ja upayega kamI thavAthI gUjarAtanAM badhAM baMdarAnI sthiti kharAba thaI gai hatI. khaMbhAtane dirayA dUra javAthI khAsa kharAba saMjogo UbhA thayA hatA tethI enI sthiti paNa bagaDI. ema chatAM paNa anAdi kALanuM samRddha hoya evuM bharUca ne sApArA, tathA hiMdanuM meTAmAM mATuM baMdara surata ke jemAM aMgrejoe pahelI kAThI karI hatI, e briTiza hadanAM baMdara AjakAlanA muMbAine lIdhe cheka baMdha jevAM thai gayAM evuM te khaMbhAtanuM na thayuM. kAraNake khaMbhAta nAnuM paNa svataMtra dezIrAjya hatuM ane enA rAjyakartAone potAnA baMdarane samRddha thatuM jovAnI abhilASA hatI temaja AvakanuM paNa sAdhana hatuM. I.sa. 1878mAM gUjarAtamAM dukALane lIdhe anAjanI meTI AyAta khaMbhAta mAraphate thai hatI ane khAlI vahANa sastuM nure tamAku ane kapAsa lai gayAM hatAM. amadAvAdanI pahelI kApaDa sutaranI bhIla (1859 ) kADhanAra rAvabahAdura raNacheADalAla cheTAlAle--jemane prathama vicAra amalamAM AvyA haiAta te AkhA hiMdamAM prathama mIla karavAnuM mAna prApta karata (1846-48 )--amadAvAdamAM pahelI zAhapuramAM mIla karI tyAre enA sAMcA ane enjIna khaMbhAtamAM dariyA mArge UtaryAM hatAM ane amadAvAda sudhI muMbAthI sIdhITrena na heAvAthI gADAMmAM ghAlI purANe jamIna mArge amadAvAda lai gayA hatA.39 Ambe barADA relve amadAvAda sAthe joDAI (1864) tyAM sudhI muMbAI ane khaMbhAta tathA kinArAnAM baMdarA vacce vahANo uparAMta nAnI AgATA paNa cAlatI hatI. suratavALA nasaravAnajI pestanajI vakIla I.sa. 1852thI 1865 sudhI muMbAI, surata, khaMbhAta ane dhodhAnI vacce calAvatA hatA. A AgoTa emaNe muMbAithI kharIda karI hatI ane tenuM nAma 'lavajI premIlI' 38 Brigge's cities of Gujrastra Chap. VIII. 39 bhagavAnalAla bAdazAha kRta ra. che. nuM jIvanacaritra nu 2. nuM pATanagara. vepAra udyoganuM prakaraNa, For Private and Personal Use Only

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vepAra ane vahANavaTuM 119 hatuM. relve thayA pachI nAnAM vahANamAM AvatA sAdhAraNa mAla sivAya bIjA jathAbaMdha mAla ane mANasanI AvajA mATe khaMbhAtanuM bAruM lagabhaga baMdha jevuM thaI gayuM.40 samRddhine UgatA sUrya AvI, eka vakhatanA prathama paMktinA samRddha baMdaranI rasamaya hakIkata che. pratyeka gUjarAtIne e garvanI vastu che. chinna thaeluM vRkSa paNa vadhe che ane kSINa thaelo caMdramA paNa vadhe che e kudaratI nyAya sarvatra lAgu paDe che. khaMbhAta baMdaranI AvI sthitimAMthI enI samRddhinA sUryano udaya thavAnAM gulAbI tejanAM ci kSitija upara mAluma paDe che. hAlanA nAmadAra navAbasAhebanI eka stutya abhilASA A prAcIna baMdarane pharI samRddha karavAnI che. e bAbata yathAsthAne varNana karIzuM. 41 40 pArasI prakAza i. sa. 1869 tA. 2 jI mArcamAMthI. 41 A prakaraNamAM gejheTIara uparAMta AgalAM prakaraNomAM je je paradezI musApharonA ulalekhe AvyA che temanA vepArasaMbaMdhI ullekhone upayoga karyo che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Na waanse prakaraNa caudamuM uga-dhaMdherojagAra 5 bhAta jyAre gUjarAtanuM ane eka vakhata AkhA hiMdustAnanuM mukhya baMdara hatuM tyAre te khaMbhAta * mAraphate dezAvara caDatA bhinnabhinna prAMtanA mAla paNa paradezamAM khaMbhAtanA mAla tarIke jAhera thatA. Ama hovA chatAM gUjarAta prAMtamAM khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa evuM to madhyastha AveluM che ke dariyA ke jamIna mArge khaMbhAtathI eka jagyA so mAIlathI vadhAre cheTI na hoya. aMgrejo emanA itihAsamAM magarUrIthI kahe che ke IMgleMDamAM eka jagyA evI nathI ke jyAMthI samudra sIttera mAIlathI vadhAre dUra hoya. pAlaNapura ejansIne keTaloka bhAga ane paMcamahAlano dAhoda tAluko eTale bAda karatAM gUjarAta paNa evI magarUrI laI zake; ane prAcIna kALamAM jyAre kacchanuM raNa samudra hatuM tyAre te pAlaNapuranA bhAga paNa samudranI pAse gaNI zakAya. AgaLa joyuM tema sarasvatI nadI ghaNu pracIna kALamAM uttara gujarAtamAMthI UtarI gUjarAta ane kAThiyAvADanI vacce vahI khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM maLatI haze tyAre gUjarAtanAM ghaNAM sthaLo samudra sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvI zakatAM haze. ane enA vepAraudyogane paNa ghaNuM sagavaDa paDatI haze. eka mahAna hiMdI ijaneranuM mAnavuM che ke AkhA hiMdustAnamAM kudaratI vepAramAM ane AvajAnA rastA jaLamArganA ja che. e jaLamArga Aje nakAmA thaI gayA che ke samULagA UDI gayA che. vepAraudyoganI khIlavaNI mATe jaLamArga ja uttama che e dareka arthazAstrI Aje kabUla kare che. hiMda eka vakhata AkhI duniyAmAM vepAraudyoga mATe sauthI AgaLapaDato deza hato ane hiMdamAM gUjarAta deza sauthI AgaLapaDato hato e jANatI vAta che. gujarAte to bIjI rIte e sthAna Aje paNa jALavI rAkhyuM che; ane e sthAna prApta karavAmAM enA jaLamArgo ane bhaugolika paristhiti mukhya kAraNa che. khaMbhAta emAM madhyastha ane uttama jaLamArga upara hovAthI A badhA lAbha ghaNuM saikAo sudhI khaMbhAte bhagavyA. jyAre muMbAIthI amadAvAda ane amadAvAdathI dilhInI kaDhaMgI ne akudaratI relve gADI thaI tyAre ja khaMbhAta pitAnA kendrasthAnanuM mahattva chelluM khoyuM, ane chevaTe sIdhA vepArI rAjamArgo mUkI ANaMdathI "habasInA kAnanI peThe khaMbhAta javA mATe relve gADI thaI. - khaMbhAtanA aneka udyogomAMthI Aje mAtra thoDeDa kApaDa vaNavAno udyoga ane saikAo jUno akIkanA paththaranA sAmAna banAvavAne udyoga eTaluM hAla kAMIka AvatuM che. eTaluM paNa 1 A IjaneranuM nAma A lakhatI vakhate cesa ramaramAM nathI paraMtu ghaNe bhAge sara. ema. vizvayAnuM A kathana che. e pazcimanA dezomAM mAna pAmelA hidanA eka mahAna ijanera uparAMta prakhara arthazAstrI ane rAjapuNya che. jalamArgonuM emanuM kathana pUrvamAM gaMgA mAraphate, brahmaputrA mAraphate ane hAla nakAmI thaI paDelI paNa pahelAM kacchanA raNamAM vahetI siMdhu ane adaSTa sarasvatI mATe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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- @ 0 ja che @ @ @ 0 / 6i 'e khaMbhAta zaheranA raratAnAM duryo (1) traNa daravAjA ane TAvara; (2) vahoravADa, For Private and Personal Use Only

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udyoga-dhaMdhA-rojagAra 121. pahelAMnA pramANamAM nahi jevuM kahI zakAya. akIkane uga akIkanA sAmAnano udyoga e ghaNuM jUnA kALathI Aja sudhI khaMbhAtanA mukhya udyoga tarIke cAlu rahyA che. ene itihAsa rasamaya che. eTale ene savistara varNavavAnI jarUra che. A sAmAna khaMbhAtanA kiMmatI paththaro'ne nAme oLakhAya che. enA mukhya be bhAga che. eka to khaMbhAtanI AsapAsa 120 mAIla pharatA DuMgarAonI khANomAMthI nIkaLI Avate paththara ane bIje dezAvarathI khaMbhAtamAM AvIne ghaDavAmAM levAto paththara. gUjarAtamAMthI nIkaLatA paththaromAM mukhya dhAra nAmano paththara khANamAMthI nIkaLe che. ene sApha karI ghaDAyA pachI akIka kahe che. bharUcathI cauda mAIla upara narmadA kinAre rAjapIpaLA rAjyanI hadamAMthI A paththara nIkaLe che. narmadA kinAre bAbA ghorI agara bAbA abAsanI TekarI che tyAMthI A paththara nIkaLe che. TolemIe lakhele akIkano DuMgara te A haze ema manAya che.? akIkanA udyogane itihAsa keTalAka lekhakenuM ema mAnavuM che ke prAcIna samayamAM romana loko muIna (Murrhine) paththaranA pyAlA ghaNA pasaMda karatA, te khaMbhAtanA lIlA paththaranA pyAlA hatA. kahe che ke evA eka pyAlAnI kiMmata samrATa nIroe pa81rapa paDa (e vakhate 300 TelanTasa ane pa81250 rUpiyA ApI hatI. keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema che ke TolemIe sAraDonIkasa mensa (Sardonyx Mons)nuM nAma lakheluM che te rAjapIpaLAnI akIkanI khANa mATe che. enI viruddha ema paNa manAya che ke TelemI (I. sa. 150) pachI perIlasane lekhaka (I. sa. 247) kahe che ke enA vakhatamAM bharUcamAM A paththara dakSiNamAM "plIthAna' (Plithan) paiThaNa (pratiSThAna)thI AvatA hatA, eTale sAraDonIkasa rAjapIpaLAne badale dUranI kaI jagyA haze.* lesana ene vairya kahe che ane te kharuM lAge che. 2 Bom. Gaz. VI. 198-99. 3 e ja pR. 205 ane neTa 2. I. sa. 77mAM lInI lakhe che ke akIkanA paththaramAM dhaNA guNa che. enAthI vIMchI Utare che. ene dekhAva AMkhane paNa sAro lAge che ane mAMmAM rAkhIe te tRSA chIpe che. emAM nadI, vana vagerenA tarehavAra dekho najare paDe che. I. pUrve 484mAM yuropIya itihAsano pitA hIraDoTasa lakhe che ke hiMdustAnathI AvatA akIkanI vIo banatI hatI. bebIlenamAM e vaTIo dareka jaNa paheratA. 4 A paththare game tyAMthI AvatA ane game tyAM AvatA. tene mATe paradezI lekhakenA mata phakta mArgadarzaka tarIke levAnA che. emanAM lakhANa I vAra sAMbhaLelI bAbata uparathI heAya che. khAsa karIne TelemInAM lakhANa jAte joIne karelAM nathI bIjuM, e samayamAM bharUca baMdara tarIke vadhAre jANItuM hatuM eTale khaMbhAtane badale bharUcanuM nAma jaNAya che. piThaNanuM nAma paNa meTA zahera tarIke ja AveluM jaNAya che. akIkanI khANo vidhya ane sAtapuDAnA ghaNA bhAgamAM pahelAM nIkaLatI hoya ema mAnavAnuM kAraNa che eTale lesana ene vaiDUrya kahe che ane pazcima hiMdane narmadAthI gokarNa sudhIne bhAga e nAme oLakhAte te kharuM lAge che. kharI rIte mahAbhAratamAM ApelAM sthaLo pramANe viMdhya parvatane narmadAnI najIka bhAga eTale rAjapIpaLAne bhAga ja vairya parvata gaNAti. ane vairyamaNi nIkaLavAthI e nAma paDayuM hatuM. eTale A badhAne artha eTalo ja ke gujasatanI sarahada upanA parvatamAMthI A patharI nIkaLatA ane bharUca ke khaMbhAta ke khaMbhAtanI jagyAe je baMdara AbAda For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #160
* * * * * * ]. - * * * * * * * * . ' udyoga-dhaMdhA-rojagAra Ama akIkanA udyoganA ullekha ghaNA jUnA samayanA maLavA chatAM ane te gujarAtanA kinArAnA baMdarane lagatA chatAM khaMbhAtanuM nAma e udyoga mATe koI pAchaLathI jovAmAM Ave che. dasa ane agiyAramI sadImAM AvelA araba musApharo khaMbhAtamAM, A udyogane ullekha kare to nathI. teramI sadImAM mApa paNe khaMbhAtamAM akIkano khAsa udyogane ullekha karatA nathI tema AphrikAnI bIja baMdarono ullekhamAM paNa gUjarAta sAtheno saMbaMdha darzAvatAM e udyoga saMbaMdhI kAI lekha nathI. paderamAM sadInAM musApharo khaMbhAtamAM akIkanuM kAma thAya che ema sAmAnya ullekha batra kare che paNa mukhya dhaMdhA tarIke lakhatA nathI. simI sadInI zarUAtamAM akIkano dhaMdhe bhAtamAM beramAM AvyuM. ene A lekhakano ullekha ane emanA manane vicAra karIe te jaNAya. I. sa. 1pa03-8mAM varaghemAM khaMbhAtathI sittera mAIla che. eka akIkanA parvata ane so mAIla che. eka hIrAno parvata che ema lakhe che. khaMbhAtanA akIkanA kArIgaramAM eka daMtakathA che te pramANe A samayamAM eka habasIpa(ebasInIana ) rAjapIpaLAmAM nAMdodamAM eka akIkanuM kArakhAnuM ughADayuM hatuM ane tyAM enuM maraNa thayuM. tenI kabara bAbA dharanA nAmathI oLakhAya che. pahelAM musalamAnee akIkanuM kAma zarU kareluM paNa pachI suratI kaNae zAbAgathI ane keTalAka khita pachI nAdathI bharUca AvIne vasyo ane bharUcathI kheta AvyA. I. sa. 1564mAM porTugIjha musAphara bArabosA erabastAna ane AphrikAnAM badarImAM khaMbhAtanI akIkanAM maNakA vagere sAmAnane meMTo vepAre haivAnuM jaNAve che. musAphara dareka jAtanA paththaranuM khaMbhAtamAM ghaNuM uttama kAma dharyuM hatuM ane te che. Ama chatAM paNuM A sAmAna rAjapIpaLAmAM liMbedaro ke nidarA gAmamAM taiyAra thaI khaMbhAte AvatA ane taLe khaMbhAtamAM bahu kArIgaro e dhaMkhate nahotAM vasyo ane enA lakhANa uparathI samajAya che, paraMtuM libedirAmAM akIkano ghATa ghaDIne khaMbhAta lAvatA ane tyAMthI pazcima dizAmAM caDAvatA. gIloe akIkanInikAza dhaNI vadhArI hatI. soLamI sadInA eka ulekhamAM akIkanA paththarane bobo ghera" nAma ApeluM che. pArTagIjhanI sattA vakhate govAmAM ghaNA akIkanA kArIgare khaMbhAtanA vatanI hatA, ane tyAM pitAnA " ke " che tyAMthI yurepa bAda dezamAM jatA-samrATa nIroe je phimata ApI te jotAM te kadAca merAmaNa-nIlamane gAlA heca ema samajAya che. dakSiNamAM che, paiThaNa sudhInA praDhezanuM baMdara bharUca hatuM e vAta paNa noMdhavA jevI che. ane je baMdare bahoLo vepAra ane vadhu sagavaDa tyAM dUra chatAM paNa mAla Ave e vAta siddha thAya che. godAvarI ane kRSNA nadInA pradezamAM paNa akIka nIkaLavAnuM kahe che. tyAM enA sAmAna banatA ema paNa jaNAya che paraMtu e hunara khaMbhAtamAM moTA pramANamAM namyo hato ane lAMbe vakhata cAle bIje hAla nAmanizAna nathI. - khaMbhAtamAM hiMdu kArIgaro Aje paNa A sITI vepArIne saMbhare che ane zrAvaNa suda pUname eno rasa ujave che ane enI kabarane kUla vagere caDAve che. bAbA gharanI kabara dUra hovAthI emane takIo khaMbhAtamAM karyo che. muMbaI sudhI paNa A kArIgare e pIne mAne che. kahe che ke phakIra tarIke pharatAM emaNe akIphane dhaMdhe nirA gAmamAM karavA mAMDe ane pisAdAra thayA. gejheTIane lekhaka lakhe che ke bAbA ghoranI jagyA AgaLa A daMtakathA koI jANatuM nathI. ane emane akIkanA udyoga sAthe saMbaMdha haze ke kema te paNa koI jANatuM nathI. . : + " " For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #161
Adha udyogane khAsa ' ' ' * * ' ', : ! ! 3 ulekha ApeluM che ke : : che ! '' : : ] '' ' 4" ! . : 31: 5 ::: , ': ':: ]. . uMdhA dhare 123 } } :J F , : 2:/" } }! * : 1 : *F . . . . . . : : : judA mahada tAM. e pachI dareka musApharA khaMbhAtanAM varNanamAM akIkana ullekha kare che. varanIara khaMbhAtamAM akIkanA yAlA banatA ema lakhe che. A hakIkata uparathI ema samajAya che ke akIkanA ghATa ghaDavAno udyoga khamItInI hoya paNuM enI AsapAsanI mulakamAM ane khAsa karIne rAjapIpaLAnAM libedirA gAmamAM hoya ke jyAM enI khANa hatI. paraMtu Araba ane bIjA tera ane cidamI sadInA ullekhonA mana upara e udyoga bhAtamAM 'vahiM ema kahevuM ebara nathI ke upaSTa ulekhanA abhAve hatA e paNa cokakasa kahI zakAya tema nathI evama sudhI khaMbhAtamAM akIkane ullekha nathI ke e kharuM che, paraMtu ekatanAM nIlame ( enerala jene ema kahetAM temAM ullekha kare che. A uparathI samajAya che ke koIpaNa jAtanI khetI patharanI udharA khabhAtamAM hatI, era khaMbhAtathI e paththarIne sAme caDato paratuM enuM pramANa huM badhuM ja hoya che parezAonuM '': :: ] } :- 9 5 - "dhyAna kheMcAya. gijheTIaranA lekhake vIlasena mekenjhInA saMgraha pramANe A sadImAM gujarAta A jAtinA patharanA kAmathI eTaluM prasihaM ke ene ! ' D : ' - - - - * * masaMda che * lo adhakakSetra" tarIke oLakhatA. Tana, nomanAM musAphare skIkanA sAmAna sArA pramANumAM ceDAMthAnuM lakheluM che. A uparathI ema samajAya che ke meTAM baMdarathI e sAmAna caDatAM. govAmAM te khaMbhAtanA ja kare rie sAmone banAvatA. eTaleM game tyAMthI cavA chatAM e udyoga khaMbhAtamAM ghara karIne rahyA. surata Aje akIka mATe jarI paNa jANItuM nathI, cheka aDhAramI sadI sudhI khaMbhAtamAM akIkane dhaMdho sArA pramANamAM ane mukhya dhaMdhA tarIke rahyA ogaNIsamI sadInA aMtamAM dara varSe sarAsUrI u0 0 0).ne akIkano mAla banato. jabhAne badala. tema akIkanAM sAmAnatI va5rAMza paNa ochI thai. Aje navAinI cIja tarIke vastu, saMgrahAlaya' (myujhayuma )mAM mUkavAnI rcAirja tarIke metra e udyoganI vastuo rahI che. :/J... ravI ) == h = $ *i ! ! = = ! = = . ' ; ' ! . . ."* * * damAM bIje e udyoga niMthI. khaMbhAtamAM je paNa pahelAM karatAM IMDA pramANamAM enuM kAma cAlu che ane paradeza jAya che. gaNIsamI sadInAM, aMtamAM khaMbhAtamAM akIkanai vepArIo 100 *} } : ] \ \ | | | | | Kis six: ]:51 marI 2500 thI 3000 hatA. kArIgarane mahine rUA.) thI 6i0) maLatA. mAla : : : : : : : 1 ) : . . . . . . muMbAI, ane cIna boju jato. akIka upara seMkaDe 1TUMkA jakAta hatI ane emAMthI rabarane bethI traNa lAkha rUpiyA upaje hatI. A lAMbI hakIkata uparathI jaNAze ke akIkane 1Bom GoN. ME $6 ! che e jA. ra6: neTa 3. jhelIara-lekhake pR20-neTa mAM lakhyuM che ke surata allA musAphara evahune suratamAM paNa akIkane vepAra hato ema ulekha karyo che. eTale sattaramI saddImAM paNa khaMbhAta sivAya bIje e udyoga gujarAtamAM haze ane dareka baMdare dezAvara caDavA mATe ja haze !!!* *"." che .. " " SS': ' 8- jotihalof Indian Art Vol.kiya 1886. Ibna mAM bharAelAmAM prajAmAM khaMbhAta sAmAna gaelo tenuM varNana temAM kareluM che. A paththare Aje nAda, morabI, ratanapura ane kapaDavaNaja pAse nIkaLe che. gaI sadInA aMtamAM kAcA paththaranA 80 tevA zeranA traNathI pAMsa AnA thatA. eka maNa paththaramAMthI Azare traNathI pAMca zera zuddha akIka nIkaLe che. 3. I !' ' ' 1"s) * * * * * : : : : : ' 4 'J.. ." } } : !. E p:: } . * * *** ..*:: '''' '' . } : '''''' , ' + :: : 4 '' : , , For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #162
124 uga-dhaMdhe-jagAra udyoga gUjarAtamAM ghaNe prAcIna, khaMbhAtamAM paNa pramANamAM jUno kharo paraMtu gujarAtanA svataMtra sulatAnanA samayamAM vadhyo ane dhIme dhIme khaMbhAtano mukhya udyoga thaI paDaze. akIkanI jAte akIkanA udyogane ATalo itihAsa joyA pachI enI jAto tathA ene kevI rIte zuddha kare che e joIe.9 morabI pAse TaMkArA AgaLa budake TrAthI savAbhAjI" (Moss-agate) e nAmane paththara Ave che. jamInanI nIce be phITa nIce enAM paDa maLe che ane aradhA zerathI 40 zerane paththare Ave che. enA upara camaka sArI Ave che ane ghere lIlo ke bhUrAza paDatA lAla raMga Ave che. lIlo paththara lIla jevo lAgavAthI ene Moss-agate kahe che. kapaDavaNajanA akIka tarIke oLakhAte paththara kapaDavaNaja pAse AMbaliyArA ane mAMDavA gAma vacce mAjuma nadInA bhAThAmAM maLI Ave che. e goLa agara badAmI AkAranA aradhAthI dasa zera sudhInA patharA hoya che. camaka ghaNI uttama le che. bhIla loke mAMDavAnA vahorAne e vece che ane vahero 3-12-0 maNa lekhe khaMbhAtanA vepArIne vece che. A paththaramAM ghaNuM tarehanI bhAta Ave che. kudaratI dekhAvanAM jhADa, choDavA vagere paNa emAM dekhAya che ane evA keTalAka paththara sAthe mUkavAthI kudaratI sRSTiaudaryanA dekhAva jevuM najare paDe che. enI traNa jAta che. khArIo, AgIo ane rAtaDIo. amadAvAda jillAnA rANapura pAsethI dorAdAra" nAmanI akIkanI jAta nIkaLe che te khaMbhAtanA akIkamAM sauthI vadhAre kiMmatI gaNAya che. A paththara aradhA zeranA TukaDAmAM maLe che. enA upara paNa camaka bahu sArI Ave che ne gherA raMgamAM dhoLI naso ke AchA raMgamAM gherI nasono dekhAva temAM hoya che. A mukhya jAtanA akIkamAM rAjapIpaLAnA akIkanuM varNana AgaLa karIzuM. e sivAya bIjA raMgaberaMgI paththara nIkaLe che. morabI pAse kAra pAsethI lIle chAMTAdAra (Jesper) paththara nIkaLe che. emAM judA judA raMganA chAMTA paNa Ave che. emAMnI UMcI jAtane "paToLIo" kahe che. kAthI A raMgano eka jAtano paththara paNa tyAMthI ja nIkaLe che tene "rAtIo' kahe che. A paththarano raMga "caoNkaleTa' jevo hoya che. A paththara pice che ane te kAraNathI enA upara joIe evI camaka caDatI nathI. kacchanA raNamAM dhakavADA pAsethI bhUkharo pILA chAMTAvALe paththara nIkaLe che. ene mAI marIama" kahe che. e paNa pi hovAthI enA upara camaka sArI nathI AvatI. morabI pAsethI phaTika khaMbhAta Ave che. e vIsa zera sudhInA TukaDAmAM jaDe che. e zuddha kAca je pAradarzaka hoya che ane ene upara camaka sArI Ave che. khaMbhAtano sArAmAM sAre sphaTikano sAmAna madrAsa, sIlona ane cInanA paththaromAMthI bane che. uparanA paththaro ApaNuM dezamAMthI nIkaLelA che. e uparAMta paradezI paththara paNa Ave che. te A badhI jato hevAla Bom. Gaz. VI. ugenA prakaraNa uparathI lIdhe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #163
udyAga-dhaMdhA-rAjagAra 125 - zvetAM pahelAM rAjapIpaLAnA akIka saMbaMdhI vigata joie. e paththara bAbA dhAranI pAse narmadAne kinArethI nIkaLe che e AgaLa joI gayA. A paththara rAjapIpaLAmAM khANamAMthI kevI rIte kADhe che enuM varNana ghaNuM lAMbuM che ane te ahIM upayegI nathI.10 khANamAMthI paththara kADhavA pachI vepArI ijAradArane ApavAmAM Ave che. IjArA dara varSe badalAya che ane te khaMbhAtanA vaheArA ke vANiyA rAkhe che. khANamAMthI kADhavA pachI traNa jAtanA paththara jevA ke 'mAra' agara 'khAbA dhArI', ' casamadAra ' agara 'DAla ', ane rIrI agara lasaNIAne tapAvatA nathI. bAkInAne tapAvavA paDe che. 'meAra' agara ' bAbA gherI' paththaranI e jAte che. eka gherA raMgane ane temAM dheALI lITIo ane khIjo AchA raMganA ane temAM dherI lITIo. A paththara eka zeranA TukaDAmAM maLe che ane enA AkAra judAjudA hoya che, je jAtane tapAvavI paDe che temanA raMga tapyA pachI pakaDe che. garamInI meAsamamAM A paththarAne taDakAmAM me mahinA sUkave che. e pachI e prITa paiMDA khADA karI mATalAMmAM bharI mATalAMne taLiye kANuM karI UMdhAM pADI chANAMnA tApathI sAMja paDacA pachI sauMdaya sudhI rAtanA bhAgamAM tapAve che. ane bahAra kADhI kAthaLAemAM bharIne narmadA kinAre laI jaIne hADIemAM bharUca laI jAya che. tyAMthI meDhAM vahANeAmAM khaMbhAta lAvIne kArIgarAne vecAya che. paradezathI khaMbhAta AvatA paththarAmAM 'rAjAvarata' (Lapis lazuli) khAsa che. ene raMga ghere bhUrA ane aMdara rUperI ke sAnerI chAMTa hoya che. A paththara irAna ane mukhArAnI nadIemAM maLe che ane muMbAI thaIne khaMbhAta Ave che. paratu e pAcA hovAthI enA upara camaka sArI caDatI nathI. basarA ane eDananI TekarIomAMthI kALe! paththara (Jet) Ave che. tyAM e meTA TukaDAmAM nIkaLe che ane muMbAI thaI ne khaMbhAta Ave che e bahu bhAre nathI ane sakhata heAvAthI camaka sArI Ave che. paraMtu A paththaranI banAvaTa hAla aTakI gai che. cInathI pIrAjA raMgane paththara Ave che e pAcA chatAM enA upara sArI camaka caDhI zake che. akIkane ghaDavAnI ane pAlIzanI rIta khaMbhAtamAM banatA akIkanA sAmAnanA judIjudI jAtanA paththarAnuM varNana karyuM. have e paththarAne kevI rIte ghaDe che e joie. khANamAMthI nIkaLelA paththara pahelA vaherAya che pachI ene dhaDe che ane chevaTe ene pAlIza kare che. vaheravA mATe paththarane pahelAM lAkaDAnAM cokaThAmAM sajjaDa karI de che ane sUtaranAM tAMtaNAM mINamAM meLavI te vaDe tene cAMTADI paNa de che. e pachI jhINA dAMtAvALI karavata vaDe nAnAmeATA paththaranA kada pramANe eka agara e mANasa besIne ene vahere che. ene dhaDavA mATe jamInamAM besADelA khAMDIA upara laI jAya che. A khAMDIAnI dhAra AgaLa rAkhIne zighaDAnA mathALAvALA hathADAthI karakarA bhAga jatA rahe tyAM sudhI dhImethI ghaDe che. e 10 e varNana mATe gejheTIara pR. 198-9ke jovuM. khANamAMthI paththara kADhavAnuM varNana khaMbhAta karatAM rAjapIpaLAnA varNanane lAyaka che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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12 * ,-', : * * * * * uMga-dha-rAjagare pachI alIza karanArAne ApavAmAM Ave che. polIsavALo ene soLa Ica lAMbA, cha IMca pahoLA te traNa iMca jADAM pATalA upara mUke che. A pATalA upara be ubhA lAkaDAnA daMDA hoya che ane enA upara ATha iMca lAMbI ane traNa iMca vyAsanI lATa (Roller) jaDelI hoya che. A loTane pAlIza karavA mATenuM patarIe lagADelI hoya che ane e patarI upara lAkha sAthe sakhata dhAtune bArIka bhU-karaMja-lagADeluM hoya che. A bhUko jevuM kAma heya te jADe agara berIke karavAmAM Ave che, ane jevuM. pAlIza cAvavuM hoya te pramANamAM lAkha sAthe meLave che. sArAmAM sArA pAlaza mATe akIkane bhU-varI-ane lAkha. sarakhA pramANamAM vaparAya che. salonanA sakhata paththara mATe trAMbAnI patarI ane picA paththaro mATe lAkaDAnI (sAga)nI patarI vAparavAmAM Ave che, DAbA hAthamAM pAlIza karavAnI vastune jamaNA hAthamAM daDe rAkhI kArIgara zAyaDInI pahe lATane pherave che, ane e rIte vastu upara pAlIza athavA camaka lAve che. ' che. A sivAya keTalAka paththaranI cIjo upara pAlIza karavA mATe bIjI khAsa vadhArAnI rIta che. emAM peLIo nAmano sakhata paththaro ane paTiyA nAmanuM pATiyuM vAparavAmAM Ave che. e pATiyA upara paNa lAkha ane karaMja lagADelAM hoya che. maNakAne chevaTanuM pAlaza lAvavA mATe ene sakhata cAmaDAnA kothaLAmAM nAkhavAmAM Ave che, emAM paNa pharaja ane lAkha bharavAmAM Ave che. pachI eka rAte be cheDe be mANasa besI, Amatema pheLAne kheMcyA kare che. A pramANe dasathI paMdara divasa cAle che ane te vakhata daramyAna kothaLAne pANIthI palALelA rAkhavAmAM Ave che. e pachI bhaNakAne kANAM khAvA mATe mokalavAmAM Ave che. enI rItanuM varNana karavAnI ahIM jarUra nathI. judAjudA ghATanI vastuo mATe pAlIza karavAmAM thoDe theDe phera hoya che. . che : A kAma karanArAnAM khaMbhalyAM suI sadInA aMtamAM se kaTuMba hatAM ane ene lagatA majUro pAMcasothI chaso hatA paththara upara mAlIza karanAroLIA' ane lATa upara kAma karanArA ghasIA kahevAtA. kANuM pADanAra "vIMdhArA' kahevAtA. paTiyA upara pAlIza karanArA TImara kahevAtA.11 : ' teka jAtanA dhATa bane che. pahelAM enA pyAlArakAbI, vI banatuM. hAla khaDiyA, helparo kAgaLa kApavAnI charIo, kAgaLa dabAvavAnAM "piTa, nAnImeMTI peTIo, yAlA ane evI bIjI jamanA pramANe vastuo bane che. akIka ane sphaTikanAM zivaliMga paNa khaMbhAtamAM sArAM bane che. upara varNana karyuM evA raMgIna paththaramAM dhoLA risAvALo paththaramAMthI zivaliMga banAve che tyAre zivane janoI paherAvI hoya evuM lAge che. kaI vAra nIcethI dhaLuM ane uparathI bhUruMathavA pirA zivaliMga jhINI bAlacaMdranI kaLAvALuM paNa Ave che. e ' ! - V.'' S ta ' * * * * * AT : ** 1 DoLIA sothI khaso, ghasIA traNase, vIMdhArA che, ane paTImAra pacAsa hatA. gejheTIarano lekhaka lakhe che ke chellAM zrIsa varSamAM A leAkanAM 17 kuTuMbo amadAvA, vaDodarA, muMbaI vagere cAhya kayAM ane emAM keTalAMka khetI karavA lAgyAM ane keTalAMka bIjA dhaMdhA karavA maMDayA. muMbAI gaelAM kuTuMba hajI khaMbhAta sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhe che ane pitAnAM dhaMdhavA pIrane mAne che. pR. 203 neTa 3. For Private and Personal Use Only

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udyoga-dhaMdhA-rojagAra 127 A paththaranI khUbI che. mirAte ahamadIne lekhaka kahe che taravArane kaTAranI mUTho paNa akIkanI banatI. * " ! A paistuo traNa dezAvarene lAyakanI anAvavAmAM Ave che; eka cIna, bIja arabastAna ene trIjo yurapa. cInamAM akIkane ekamAtra khape che. mugaloI gulaM ame Dele nAmanA maNaka tyAM jAya che. "ola', laMbagoLa, corasa, pA AkAranA vagere paNa tyAM jAya che. e maNakAne hAra paNe cIne jAya che. arabastAnamAM rANapura ane ratanapuranA paththarane sAmAne jAya che. enI baMgaDIo, vIMTIo, hAra ane kaDAM thAya che. mANakA lidAra DolarUbADela badAmI Dola, camakatI Dala vagere dhATanA thAya chemAdaLiyAM paNuM. tyAM jAya che. pacI, bAjubaMdha, aMgUThI, nImela vagere dhAka bane che. hAlanA jebhAnA pramANe khamIsanAM baTano vagere ghaNI cIjo temAMthI bane che. muMbAInA vahora A mAla kharIdI yupa mekale che.12 . . . . ! . akIkane ghaDavAnuM, ene mAlIza karavAnuM vagere kAma karanArAM judAM judAM kArakhAnAM hoya che. kAkhAnAmAM mukhya mANasane akIkIA kahe che. emanA hAtha nIce traNa heziyAre kArIgara ane bIjA majUro rahe che. majUrane roja pramANe paisA ane kArIgarone kAma.pramANe paisA maLe che. A loko ghaDavAnuM kAma pUruM karI pAlIza karanArAne Ape che ane e pachI mAla vepArI laI jAya che. che. A dareka kAma karanArAonAM judAM judAM paMca athavA nAnAM mahAjana che. gUjarAtanA vepAraudyoga bIjA prAMtinA pramANamAM paDI nathI bhAMgyA ke paradezIonA hAthamAM nathI gayA tenAM keTalAMka kAraNomAM mahAjana athavA paMcanI saMsthA e eka moTuM kAraNuM che. nAnA udyogo ane nAnAM nAtonAM paMcane paMca athavA paMcAyata kahe che. moTA vepAranA samUhane mahAjane kahe che. gUjarAtanA itihAsamAM A po ane mahAjananuM sthAna ghaNuM UMcuM che. game tevI virodhI rAjasattA sAme mahAjanathI suvyavasthita thaelI saMdhazaktine lIdhe vepAra ane samAja game te kharAba samayamAM paNa nabhI rahyAM che. mahAjanane uthApIne rAjasattA paNa kAMI karI zakatI nathI evA ghaNA dAkhalA maLe che. A mahAjana ane paMcanI vyavasthAnuM vigatavAra varNana karavAnuM A sthaLa nathI. ahIM eTaluM ja kahevuM paDaze ke akIkanA dhaMdhA ghaNI jagyAe cAlatI hatI paNa gujarAtamAM khaMbhAtamAM e TakI rahyo enuM kAraNa eTaluM ja ke e dhaMdhAnA ane enA dareka peTA udyoganAM vyavasthita paMcAyato hatAM ane baMdhAraNapUrvaka kAma thatuM hovAthI aneka AtmAnIsulatAnI thavA chatAM Aja e dhaMdho TakI rahyo che.13 2 badho sAra gejheTIarane AdhAre lakhele che. 13 hAlanI daSTie lakhanArAo mahAjananA guNa ane doSa jue che. je vakhate prajAne aneka AkramathI rakSavAnI hatI ane aneka virodhI tattathI bacAvavAnI hatI te vakhate mahAjana ane eN amUlya sevA ApaNA samAjanI karelI che. enA saviratara varNana mATe "gUjarotanuM pATanagara: amadAvAda" emAM vepAranA prakaraNamAM mahAjana saMbaMdhI jevuM mahAjananI 'sattA ghaNA prAcIna kALathI hatI ane gRjarAtamAM sakhata hatI tene dAkhale "meharAjaparAjaya' nAmanA saMrakata nATakamAM - mahArAna kumArapALa mahAjananA abhiprAyane ulekha kare che te jovuM. pitA ane mahAjananA keTalAka rivAjomAM Ine saMmAnanAvAI CommunisiumnI gaMdha Ave. paraMtu pazcimanA e vAdane ane ApaNA rivAjane uttara dakSiNanuM cheTuM che. je sA dekhAya che te pazcimanA matathI UlaTo paramezvarane vaizamya nayane siddhAMta kebala rAkhIne jeluM che. * * For Private and Personal Use Only

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128 udyoga-dhaMdhA-rojagAra khaMbhAtanA akIkIAomAM dareka peTA kAma karanArAonAM judAM paMcAyate che. DoLIA paMcAyata, paTImAra paMcAyata, ghazIA paMcAyata, vIMdhAra paMcAyata. A badhAnA upara akIkIA paMcAyata che. akIkIA paMcAyatanA hAthamAM paththara vaheravAne ane ghaDavAno dhaMdho che. A badhAM paMcAyatomAM pramukha paMcano zeTha, paMcanA matadAronA vadhu matathI agara sarvAnumatathI pasaMda karavAmAM Ave che.14 paMcAyatanA rivAja A paMcAtonA matAdAremAM aMdaraaMdara agara to zeTha ane nokara vacce TaMTA paDyAnuM jANyAmAM nathI. koIpaNa heziyAra kArIgara pote pitAnI hoziyArIthI AgaLa vadhIne kArakhAnuM kADhe to te upara jaNAvelA peTA bhAgamAM je kAmanuM kArakhAnuM kADha15 te kAmanA paMcAyatane mAtAdAra thaI zake che. koIpaNa paMcAyatamAM dAkhala thanArane prathama to badhAne jamaNa ApavuM paDe che. sAmAnya rIte jamaNamAM rUA. 175thI rUA.800 sudhI kharaca thAya che. paMcAyatamAM matuM lenAra mANasane khaMbhAtanA darabAra sAhebane rUA. 1pathI rUA. 100 sudhI bharavA paDe che. 17 paMcAyatonA matAdAro vakhatovakhata jamaNavAro kare che ane jamaNaphaMDamAMthI paisA kharace che. kArIgaromAMthI koIne pitAnA chokarAne hunnara zIkhavADe heya agara koI navA mANasane hunnara zIkhavAnI IcchA hoya te kArakhAnAnA zeThane ane mukhya kArIgarone jamaNa ApavuM paDe che. paMcAyatonAM nANAMne upayoga darabAra sAhebane je kAma mahenatANuM lIdhA vagara karI ApavuM paDe che tene aMge thatA kharca sivAya jamaNo jamavAmAM ja thAya che. AvAM jamaNamAM kaI matAdAra mAM hoya ke evA bIjA kAraNasara jamavA na AvI zake te enuM bhANuM ene ghera pahoMcADavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu kAma vagaranAne ke maraNa pAmelA matAdAranI vidhavAne ke evA koI uttama kAryamAM paMcAyatanAM nANAM vaparAyAnuM jANavAmAM nathI. dara varSe rU. 1ra matadArone bharavA paDe che. upara gaNAvelAM paMcAyatone koIpaNa matAdAra darabAranuM bharaNuM bharyA pachI akIkIAne dhaMdho paNa karI zake che. eka vakhata (gaI sadInA chellA pAdamAM) akIkIA paMcAyatamAM dAkhala thavAno moTo kharaca 14 nA zeTha matathI ane vaMzaparaMparAthI hoya ema be rIta cAlu hatI. vaMzaparaMparAnI rIta mATe bhAge nAtemAM hatI. 15 Bom. Gaz. VI. 204. gejheTIarane lekhaka TaMTA thayAnuM nedhAeluM nathI ema lakhe che. TaMTA te thavAnA paNa paMcAcatimAM samAdhAna thavAthI e TaMTA bhAgye ja bahAra Ave che. paMcAyatanA matAdArene TaMTA thAya te hamezAM bahAranAM mANase sAthe thAya che. ane tevA thayA hoya to dhAelA hoya che. te mATe "amadAvAda'nA graMthamAM "mahAjana'nA viSaya upara A lekhake carcA karI che te jevI. 16 A kharacanA AMkaDA I. sa. 1878nA che; AjanA nathI. ema kahevAya che ke khaMbhAtanA leke jamaNa ApavAmAM bahu zarA che. ane ghI khaba vApare che. ghaNe bhAge magajapurInuM jamaNa thAya che ke jethI magaja vadhe te bagaDe nahi. 17 Bon. Gaz. VI. P. 20. ane noTa 1. gaI sadInA chellA pAdamAM paMcAyatamAM dAkhala thavAnuM kharca ane darabAra bharaNAnI vigata gejheTIaranA lekhake lakhI che. DALIo paMcAyatamAM dAkhala thanArane rUA. 175 jamaNamAM ane rUA. 15 darabArane ghazIA paMcAyatamAM dAkhala thanArane rUA. 3pa0 jamaNa mATe ane rUA. 20 darabAra sAhebane; paTImAra paMcAyatamAM dAkhala thanArane rUA. 125 jamaNa mATe ane rUA. 25 darabAra sAhebane; ane akIkIA paMcAyatamAM dAkhala thanArane rU. 800 jamaNa mATe ane rUA. 100 darabAra sAhebane bharavA paDe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAjamahelanAM daze, (1) rAjamahelano daravAne; (2) TakorakhAnuM; (3) baMdaranI bAjuthI C/tA rAjamahelanuM ; (4) rAjamahelano arano daravAne ane to rAjamahela, For Private and Personal Use Only

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udyoga-dhaMdhA-rojagAra 129 hovAne lIdhe, ghazio paMcAyatanA matadAroe akIkIA paMcAyatamAM joDAyA vagara akIkIAne baMdha karavA mATe jhaghaDo uThAvyo. paraMtu akIkIA jorAvara hatA eTale ghazIAo phAvyA nahi. ghazIAone kAma na maLavAthI e leka khaMbhAta choDI cAlyA gayA hatA. vaLI e loka vIMdhArAnAM thoDAM kuTuMba sAthe amadAvAda gayA. tyAM paNa phAvyA nahi tethI khaMbhAta pAchA AvyA.18 jyAre darabAranuM kAma karavAnuM hoya che tyAre A paMcAyato bahu upayogamAM Ave che. darabAra taraphathI je je vastuonI jarUra hoya te mukhya paMcAyatanA zeThane kahevAmAM Ave che. e paMcAyatano zeTha dareka peTA vibhAganA zeThiyAone darabArane hukama jaNAve che. je kArIgarane e kAma soMpAya tene e karavuM paDe che, ane paMcAyatanAM nANAMmAMthI kArIgarane rUA. 50thI 6 sudhI maLe che. 19 paMcAyatanA niyamomAM khAsa to e ke eka kArakhAnAno mANasa bIjA kArakhAnAvALo laI zakato nathI. bIjA niyamo amuka divaso kArakhAnAM baMdha rAkhI rajA pALavA mATenA che, ane te kula vadhAremAM vadhAre be mAsa jeTalo thAya che. paMcAyatanA niyamono bhaMga karanArane rUA. 1thI rA daMDa thAya che.20 bIjA udyoge-kApaDa A sivAya khaMbhAtamAM kApaDano udyoga jANIto che. hiMdanA bIjA bhAgamAMthI khaMbhAta mAraphate kApaDa caDatuM ane tethI khaMbhAta duniyAnuM vastra kahevAtuM. te uparAMta khaMbhAta taLamAM paNa e udyoga sArI rIte hato. cheka aDhAramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM paNa khaMbhAtanI aradhI vastI vaNakaronI hatI ane khaMbhAtanA vaNakarone muMbaI laI javAnI vAta paNa thaelI. khaMbhAtanuM kALuM kApaDa AphrikA, mokhA, jhAMjhIbAra vagere sthaLe paMkAtuM. AmAM traNa jAta che. badAmI, garabI ane maMjurI;22 gulamAra ane cAdara paNa bane che temaja lUMgI paNa vaNAya che. A udyoga sALavI ane kaNabInA hAthamAM che. khaMbhAtamAM rezamI kApaDa paNa thAya che. I.sa. 1886nA vilAyatanA meTA pradarzanamAM khaMbhAtanI rezamI bAMdhaNuM vagere namUnA gayA hatA.23 upara khaMbhAtamAM banatA kApaDanI jeoMdha lIdhI che te te mAtra ghasAtAM rahI gaelo dhaMdho che. aDhAramI sadImAM IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInI koThInA patromAM mAlanI kharIdImAM khaMbhAtamAM je je kApaDanI jAtenAM nAma lakhyAM che, temAMnuM hAla kAMI jaNAtuM nathI. e nAmanA hAlanA gUjarAtI zabdo paNa jaDavA muzkela che. emAM chIMTa moTe bhAge jaNAya che. 24 Aje vIsamI sadImAM, eka vakhate 18 e ja pR. 205. 19 e ja pR. 205. A rIte kArIgarane nukasAna thatuM nathI ane rAjI maLe che. gUjarAtanAM dhaNAM ce ane mahAjanamAM rAjasattAnuM kAma e rIte mahAjane karI ApatAM ane vyaktigata kArIgaro pAse sattA kaI rIte veTha karAvI zakatI nahi! 20 e ja pR. 205. R? Bom. Govt. Rec. P. D. D. 13. 8 July 1801. rara sadImAM A jAtanA pAMca vAra lAMbA ane doDha vAra panAnA kapaDAnI kiMmata rUA. 3-12-0 hatI. 23 Jour. of Ind. Art. May 1889. P. 117 gejheTIaranA lekhake rezamI banAvaTanI neMdha lIdhI nathI. 24 Bom. Govt. Records Dec. 1737 kApaDanAM nAmAnA gujarAtI zabdo badhA maLe tema nathI. keIne jaDe te mATe For Private and Personal Use Only

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130 udyoga-dhaMdhA-rojagAra duniyAne kApaDa pUruM pADatuM A baMdara kAMIka kAMIka kApaDa udyoga jALavI rahyuM che. pahelAM paNa cAre bAjuthI kApaDa tyAM caDavA mATe AvatuM. Aje akudaratI relvenA rastA mUkI je khaMbhAta baMdarathI amadAvAda vagerenuM kApaDa caDe to duniyAne to nahi paNa hiMdanA keTalAka bhAgane kApaDa pUruM pADyAnuM mAna khaMbhAta laI zake. Aje darabAra sAhebanI eka kApaDanI mIla khaMbhAtamAM cAle che. ene vahIvaTa amadAvAdanA zeTha cImanalAla giradharalAla kare che. yuropamAM vakhaNAtA ane IrAnaTaka vagerenI sAthe bese evA galIcA khaMbhAtamAM banyAnA ullekha I. sa. 1630 mAM IsTa inDiyA kaMpanInA kharItAmAM che. khaMbhAtamAM galIcAnAM kArakhAnAM gaI sadImAM cAra hatAM.25 khaMbhAtanA jarIbharatanA kAmanA ullekha AgaLa joI gayA chIe; paraMtu A udyoga Aje nahi jevo che. mIThuM pakavavAno udyoga eka vakhate khaMbhAtamAM sAro hato. emAMthI rAjyanI Avakane cho bhAga utpanna thato. be mAIla lAMbA ane aradho mAIla pahoLA agaramAM mIThuM thatuM. e mIThuM pakavavAnuM baMdha thayA bAbata AgaLa joI gayA chIe. mirAte ahamadIne lekhaka lakhe che ke khaMbhAtamAM moDa nAmanuM ghAsa thatuM te meLavIne saMcAmAM mIThuM pakavatA. tenI moTI pATo thatI ane te jamInamArge temaja samudramArge dUranA dezAvaramAM jatuM. paracuraNa ughoge bIjA paracuraNa udyoge khAsa noMdhavA jevA Aje nathI. paradezI musApharonA ullekhothI jaNAya che ke hiMdamAM kaI jagyAe jyAre kAgaLa nahotA banatA tyAre khaMbhAtamAM kAgaLa banavavAno udyoga cAlato hato. amadAvAdamAM to kAgaLa ghaNA jUnA jamAnAthI te cheka gaIsadInA chellA pAda sudhI sArA pramANamAM banatA ane Aje paNa thoDA bane che, eTale khaMbhAtamAM banatA hoya to navAI nathI; ane purANA kALamAM amadAvAdathI khaMbhAta bhArge dezAvara jatA hoya ema paNa bane. Aje khaMbhAtamAM traNa dIvAsaLInAM kArakhAnAM che te ThIka cAle che. khaMbhAtamAM tALAM sArAM maLe che ke kema te jANyAmAM nathI. "prabhAtI tALuM" e kadI na UghaDe evA tALA uparathI ghara samULaguM baMdha thAya tene mATe by a BMW Hi 24112119:--(I) Neecanees Large, (2) Same small, (3) Challoes Blue of u vees, (4) Same Blue of 9 vees, (5) Bejutapants, (6) Chelloes Red 11 Vees, (7) Tapseils Large Broach, (8) Boral Chanders (211EUR??) (9) Guinea stuffs Red Cambay; (10) Same Blue Cambay of Chelloe Cheek; (11) Same Blue Cambay of Bejutapant Cheek; (12) Guinea stuffs Red Broach; (13) Chints Taffarack Naffermany; (14) Chints Ponabaguzze (72 piNA be gajha) (15) Chints Doorguzze (chIMTa doDha gai) (16) Chints Caddy (chIMTa khAdI) (17) Bejulapants Red stripped. (18) Byrampants Blue Cambay. 25 Bom. Gaz. VI. 208. 26 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. 1, pR. 3. muMbaInA "gujarAtI" patranA prasiddha svargaratha taMtrI zrI. icachArAma sUryarAmanA vaDavAo pAse bharUcanA kinArAno mIThAne IjAro bAdazAhI sanadAthI hato. pAchaLathI khaMbhAta mIThAnI bAbatamAM bharUca tAbe hatuM eTale enA agara emanA IjArAmAM haze, paNa te cokkasa kahI zakAtuM nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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131 udyoga-dhaMdhe-rAjagAra gujarAtI bhASAmAM kahevata paDI che. paraMtu tevAM tALAM Aje jaNAtAM nathI. miThAImAM khaMbhAtanI sutarapheNa ghaNI vakhaNAya che ane kavi dalapatarAme "khaMbhAtanI bhalI sutrapheNa e kaDImAM ene amara karI che. halavAsaNa nAmanI eka bIjI mIThAI paNa khaMbhAtamAM vakhaNAya che. A sivAya nAnA udyogomAM cha ATAnAM kArakhAnAM, cAra jIna, eka presa, eka sAbunuM kArakhAnuM, eka baraphanuM kArakhAnuM ane be geLanAM kArakhAnAM che. hAthanI zALo ra605 hatI te ghaTIne 2576 I.sa. 1930mAM thaI. eka raMgATI kArakhAnuM ane eka lAkaDAM paheravAnuM kArakhAnuM paNa che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdaramuM vahIvaTa hiMdu samaya e bhAtano vahIvaTa kharI rIte to svataMtra saMsthAnanI sthApanA pachI ja zarU thaelo gaNI ( zakAya. solaMkIonA samayamAM jyArathI khaMbhAtanA spaSTa ullekho mAlUma paDe che te vakhate khaMbhAta eka moTuM baMdara tathA madhyastha golika sthitivALuM eka moTuM ne dhanavAna zahera hatuM ane pATaNanA gurjara mahArAjyanuM eka agatyanuM aMga hatuM. eTale pATaNanA darabAranA uttama maMtrI ane rAjapuruSomAMthI koInI nimaNuka khaMbhAtanA vahIvaTadAra agara daMDanAyaka tarIke thatI, ane e amaladAranA hAthamAM AsapAsanA mulakano lazkarI, dariyAI tathA mulkI vahIvaTa raheto. udayana maMtrI ane vastupAla jevA mahAmaMtrIoe khaMbhAtanA vahIvaTano itihAsa bhAvelo che. zahera ane baMdaranA adhikArI temaja bIjA nAnA amaladAronI vigata maLatI nathI. paraMtu e samaye solaMkIonI sAmAnya rIta pramANe paMcakulathI zaherano vahIvaTa cAlato haze ane nyAya tathA kArobArI khAtAM cAlatAM haze ema anumAna thaI zake. musalamAna samaya musalamAna samayamAM gUjarAtanI svataMtra satanate moTe bhAge moTAM zaheromAM vahIvaTamAM thoDA pheraphAra musalamAna rivAja pramANe karI bIje vahIvaTa solaMkIonI cAlI AvatI prathA pramANe rAkhyo hato. khaMbhAta e samayamAM paNa amadAvAdanA mahArAjyanuM aMga ne moTuM baMdara hatuM, ane eno vahIvaTa cAlyA AvatA rivAja pramANe thata. moTA daMDanAyako nimAyAnuM jANyAmAM nathI. pATaNa karatAM amadAvAda vadhAre sArI madhyastha jagyA ane khaMbhAtanI vadhAre pAse hovAthI daMDanAyakanI jarUra rahe nahi. baMdaranA vahIvaTa mATe khaMbhAtanA darogAnA ullekho maLe che. saltanatanA zarUAtanA samayamAM gujarAtanA naukAsainyanuM mukhya thANuM khaMbhAtamAM hovAthI enA "mIre behara" (First Lordof Admiralty)ne khaMbhAta rahevuM paDatuM, paraMtu pAchaLathI e sthAna dIva baMdare lIdhuM. mogalAInAM thoDAM varSo gayA pachI surata mukhya baMdara thavAthI khaMbhAta surata baMdaranA mutsaddInA hAtha nIce gayuM. Ama chatAM paNa khaMbhAtamAM nAyaba mutsaddI tathA darego (Customs officer) rahetA 1 khaMbhAtanI jagyAe valabhInA samayamAM je nAmathI zahera haze tyAM valabhIne vahIvaTa haze. e vahIvaTa utama prakArane hato. paraMtu khaMbhAta nAma sAthe 25STa ullekha e vakhate nathI tethI e vahIvaTanuM varNana karavAnI jarUra nathI. paMcakulanA vahIvaTanA ullekhe ghaNA maLe che. 2 amadAvAdanA sulatAna moTAM zaheromAM kAjI vagere rAkhI keTalIka dhArmika bAbate sivAya dezanA vahIvaTamAM solaMkIenA vahIvaTa mujaba cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1) khaMbhAta nyAyakarTa (2) navI hAIrala For Private and Personal Use Only

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vahIvaTa 133 ane ghaNIvAra dilhIthI bAdazAhI mahoranA pharamAnathI emanI nimaNuka thatI. megalAInA aMta vakhate khaMbhAta svataMtra saMsthAna thayuM te pachI enA vahIvaTano hevAla zarU thAya che. e samayanA AkhA dezanA avyavasthita vAtAvaraNanA pramANamAM dezanA bIjA bhAgomAM je sAmAnya vahIvaTa cAlato tenAthI khaMbhAtano vahIvaTa kAMI khAsa judo nahoto; chatAM paNa e vahIvaTamAM pAchalA samayamAM je kAMI sudhArA thayA te pahelAM e kevI rIte cAlato te TUMkAmAM joIe. jamIna mahesula jamIna mahesulano vahIvaTa AsapAsanA gUjarAtanA mulakanI mAphaka thato. jamIna darabAra pAsethI sIdhI maLatI ane moTA mukhIo pAsethI paNa kheDutone maLatI. kheDuto TharAvelI rakama dara varSe bharatA. darabAranI rajA vagara jamIna ekanA nAma uparathI bIjAnA nAma upara caDI zakatI nahi, tema jyAM sudhI kheDuta TharAveluM mahesula bharato tyAM sudhI teno amuka jamIna kheDavAno hakka koI laI zakatuM nahi. jamInanI Ama khAsa kAMI kiMmata gaNAtI nahi, paraMtu je pahelAMnA kheDanAre kAMI sudhArA karyA hoya to pachIno jamIna lenAra paMca agara lavAda TharAve te mujaba kharcanA badalAnI rakama Apato. kheDutanA khAnagI davA peTe jamIna laI zakAtI nahi ane kheDutanI miktanA rakSaNa mATe khAsa kAyado nahoto, chatAM adAlato e bAbata dhyAnamAM laine javAba ApatI. bArAnA bhAga sivAya bIjA bhAganI jamInanuM mahesula calaNI nANamAM levAtuM. bArAnI jamInanuM mahesula thaelo pAka aradho darabArane ane aradho kheDutane sarakhe bhAge vaheMcI levAnI rItathI vasUla thatuM. A sthiti ogaNIsamI sadImAM hatI. enI pahelAM jamIna mahesulanA IjArA paNa ApI devAtA. A rivAja paNa gujarAtamAM ghaNI jagyAe hato. ogaNIsamI sadImAM talATIo mAraphate mahesula ugharAvI eka darage e upara dekharekha rAkhato ane enA hAtha nIce eka hiMdu tathA eka musalamAna ema be kArakUno rahetA. mahesula vakhatasara na bharanArane be AnAthI eka rUpiyA sudhI daMDa thato ane sakhata sajA karavAnI jarUra jaNAya to taDake besADI mAthe lAkaDAno moTe kakaDo mUkavAnI jUnI rIta paNa levAtI. kheDutanI sthiti bahu ja garIba hoya ke AgathI nukasAna thaeluM sAbita thAya to mahesulI adhikArI rAhata ApI zakato. nyAyakhAtuM nyAyakhAtAmAM bahu bhAre dAvA navAba sAheba jAte cUkavatA. bAkInA bIjA dAvA zaheramAM koTavAla cUkavatA; gAmaDAMomAM darogAo cUkavatA. phojadArI gunAonI chevaTanI arajI navAba sAhebanI hajUra AvatI, temaja bahu bhAre gunAnI zikSA paNa hajUrane pUchIne karavAmAM AvatI. rAjyamAM eka munazI kheDAnA poliTikala ejanTa sAthe patravyavahAra karavA mATe rakhAto ane poliTikala khAtuM enI pAse rahetuM. dIvAnImAM traNa adAlato hatIH eka dIvAnI adAlata, bIjI tajavIjasanI ane trIjI chellI apIlanI korTadIvAnakhAnA. emAM navAba sAheba "esesaranI salAhathI 3 Bom. Gaz. VI 234:35: For Private and Personal Use Only

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134 vahIvaTa arajI sAMbhaLI nikAla karatA. paracuraNa arajIo ane nAtajAtanA jhaghaDAmAM nagarazeDha e mATA vepArIone 'esesara' tarIke rAkhIne nikAla karatA. hiMdu kAyadA mATe vaMzaparaMparAthI hoddo bhAgavatA zAstrI rakhAtA. devAleNAne lagatA ghaNA savAla lavAda nImIne patAvAtA.4 je evA dAvA kacerImAM AvatA te! leNI rakamane cha varSa thaI gayAM na hoya teA vyAja sAthe hukamanAmuM thatuM; cha varSa ane bAra varSanI vacce dAvA thayA hoya te! phakta mUDInuM ja hukamanAmuM thatuM ane bArathI vIsa varSanI aMdara dAvA thayA hAya tA mUDI aradhI ja maLatI. jo vIsa varSa thaI gayAM hAya tA ceAthA bhAganI rakama mATe dAveA dAkhala thaI zakatA. trIsa varSa pachI dAvAneA hakka rahetA nahi. paisAnA dAvA upara kArTa zrI aDhI TakA levAmAM AvatI. jo hukamanAmuM thayA pachI paisA na maLe te e AsAmIne kedanI sajA thatI.pa kAjInA pramukhapaNA nIce chUTAcheDA agara tallAkanI eka korTa paNa hatI. dhArmika bAbate mAM kAjInI salAha levAtI ane sthAvara milkatanA vecANa tathA badalAnA dastAvejo upara kALanI sahI, sikko ane mahAra thatAM. A kAmamAM je pInAM nANAM AvatAM te munazI, kAjI ane navAba sAheba vacce sarakhe bhAge vaheMcI levAmAM AvatAM. chUTAcheDAnA dAvAmAM kAjI mANasanI sthiti pramANe pI letA. AsAmI garIba che evuM puravAra thAya to pIne amuka bhAga pAchA maLatA. phe|jadArI ane dIvAnI kAyadA sAmAnya rIte hatA, paraMtu enA amala barAbara thatA nahi. pheAjadArImAM 'samansa' ke 'vATa' kADhavAmAM AvatAM nahi. je AsAmI upara gunAne vahema Ave tene jAmIna Ape tyAM sudhI keda karavAmAM AvatA; agara khIjo purAvA maLe athavA paisA ApIne chUTakArA meLave teA maLatA. dIvAnImAM avyavasthA kAMika ochI rahetI. paraMtu keTalIka vAra amaladArA mana kAve tema karatA ane koI bAbatamAM poliTikala enTaMTane arajI thaI zakatI nahi; paraMtu kAI kariyAda ejeMTane vyAjabI lAge to te sAMbhaLIne navAba sAhebanuM dhyAna te tarapha kheMcavAmAM AvatuM ane temAM nyAya maLatA.7 jakAta ane Avaka--susalamAna samaya gujarAta saltanatanA Akhara samayamAM khaMbhAta paragaNA tAbe 600 gAma ane sADAcAra lAkha rUpiyAnI Avaka hatI.8 peTalAda paragaNAmAM gAma AchAM chatAM Avaka khaMbhAtathI vadhAre hatI. A AvakamAM khaMbhAta baMdaranI Avaka gaNAtI nahi. mAgalAmAM khaMbhAta ceArAsI nAma paDayuM. mirAte ahamadIne lekhaka e vakhate khaMbhAta tAbe 88 gAma hAvAnuM lakhe che. mutsaddIgIrI hajUra bAdazAhanI sanaMdathI ane phAjadArI paNa e ja rIte subAnA dIvAnanI pasaMdagIthI thAya che. 4 Bom. Gaz. VI. 235. 5 e ja. pR. 239. 6 e ja, pR. 236. judIjudI nAtanA lAkA pAsethI phI lIdhelI ane enI vaheMcaNI karelI tenA kADha gejheTIaramAM ApyA che. cha A hakIkata Bom. Gaz* VI pR. 27-36 uparathI lIdhI che. 8 mirAte ahamadI gu. bhA. 1. pR. 7. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vahIvaTa 135 phojadArI mutsaddIgIrIthI caDIAtI hatI. baMdarane dago paNa bAdazAhI sanaMdathI nImA. mutsaddInA hAtha nIce khaMbhAtanI baMdaradArI uparAMta gAMdhAra ane ghoghA baMdarano vahIvaTa paNa hatA. bIjA AdhakArIomAM kAcha, mohitasiba (dharmAdhikArI), TaMkazALano darage, muzarapha, tevIladAra, mukIma ane khajAnAno darago e badhA subAnA hAtha nIce hatA. jamIna tathA samudra mArge AvatA jatA mAla upara mutsaddI, muzarapha ane tevIladAranI mahera tathA mukImanA daskatanI pAvatI ApavAmAM AvatI. jyAM hAMsala levAtuM tene pharajo kahetA. kapAsa maMDI, ghI maMDI, lAkaDAM maMDI, mIThA maMDI e mukhya maMDIo hatI, khaMbhAta phojadArInA tAbAmAM gAjanA killAnI thANadArInA 100 savAre, dehavANa thANAmAM doDhaso savAro, nApADa thANuM ke jyAM muhammada azarapha ghorIe koTa bAMdhelo tyAM 170 savAro, mAhuna, vahI ane vAmana thANAmAM doDhasA savAra, khaDasarA thANAmAM 50 savAro, matIla thANAmAM so savAro, gaDhA thANAmAM 50 savAre ane bastAnAmAM 50 savAro rahetA.9 bAdazAhI samayanI Avaka ane vyavasthA upara joI. svataMtra saMsthAna vakhate AvakamAM pheraphAra thayA karyA che. I. sa. 1879mAM 3,88,630 rUpiyAnI Avaka hatI. vasAInA karAra pachI TharAvelI khaMDaNuM rU. 25475-5-1 che. badhuM mahesUla paragaNA kacerInI tIjorImAM jame thAya che. kharaca bAda karyA pachI je rakama vadhe te darabAra sAhebanI khAnagI tIjorImAM jAya che. kAMThAnAM gAmanuM mahesUla, samudra tathA jamIna mArge jatAAvatA mAlanI jakAta ane paracuraNa jakAta, e darabAra sAhebanI khAnagI Avaka gaNAya che. enI kacerIne te zAkhAnA kahe che ne eno darogo judo che. pahelAM khaMbhAtamAM AvakajAvaka mAla uparanI jakAta bahu bhAre hatI. kapAsa upara 431 TakA, akIka upara 7-50 TakA, kApaDa upara 6.05 TakA, anAja upara 6-50 TakA ane tamAku upara 1098 TakA hatI. TolanA nAkA upara levAtI avyavasthita jakAtathI A jakAtamAM bIjo vadhAro thato. AvA bhAre verAthI vepArane bahu harakata thatI. tethI muMbAI sarakAranI salAhathI emAM pheraphAra karI TolanAM nAkAM baMdha karavAmAM AvyAM e vigata AgaLa joI gayA chIe. gaI sadImAM piolIsano kharco rUA. 5000 tha.10 A sivAya gaI sadInA uttarArdhanI zarUAtamAM baMdaranI vyavasthAnI vigata paNa AgaLa joI gayA chIe. A uparAMta bAjarI, koTaDA ane ghAsacArAnA verA hatA. bAjarIvere eka gADe be khaMbhAtI rUpiyA tathA koTaDAvere jene rUA. 100 upara sAMtha AvatI hoya tene eka Tako Apavo paDato. A 9 mirAte ahamadI, gu. bhA. bhA. 2. pR. 198. musalamAna samayamAM phojadArI eTale lagabhaga rAjasattA jevuM ja hatuM. hiMdumAM daMDanAyaka te musalamAna samayamAM phojadAra gaNAto. jadAra zabda hAla je arthamAM vaparAya ane samajAya che te arthahIna che. megalAInA aMta bhAgamAM ghaNI jagyAe subAo uparAMta jadAre ja svataMtra thaI gayA ane rAjA agara navAba banI gayA. 10 Bom. Gaz. VI 27. AnI vigata AgaLa AvI che. ekasarakhe vere nAkhyA pachI bri.Taza ane darabArane bhAga hato emAMthI uparanI piolIsanI rakama zaherasudhAraNA tathA keLavaNImAM kharca karavuM evI zarata hatI. aMgrejonA bhAganI jakAta kheDAnA kalekaTaranA hAtha nIce mahAlakArI vasUla karate. For Private and Personal Use Only

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136 vahIvaTa verAnI upaja darabArI gheDAnA kharacamAM jatI. ghAsacArAno vero rabArIo pAsethI gAyo vagere cAravA mATe rU. 1 levA. A badhAmAMthI rU. 5000nI Avaka hatI. kArIgaro ane dhaMdhAdArIo pAsethI mohataraphAra ane kasaba e nAmanA verA levAtA.11 sva. navAba sAhebe karelA vahIvaTI sudhArA A pramANe gaI sadInA chellA pAda sudhI vahIvaTa cAlato hato. svargastha navAba sAheba jApharaalIkhAna sAhebanA rAjyamAM AmAM ghaNA sudhArA karavAmAM AvyA hatA ane keTalAMka khAtAomAM aMgrejI jillAo jevo vahIvaTa dAkhala karavAnA prayatna karavAmAM AvyA hatA. nyAyakhAtAmAM sudhArA karI nyAya barobara ane ekasarakho maLe evI vyavasthA teo nAmadAre karI ane lokenI sagavaDa khAtara traNa kacerI eka ja makAnamAM ANI. jamIna mahesula khAtAmAM paNa aMgrejI jillAo jevA sudhArA karyA, save ane jamAbaMdI dAkhala karI tathA jenuM varNana upara karyuM che tevA keTalAka nakAmA jUnA verA baMdha karyA. polIsa khAtAmAM paNa jUnA rivAja baMdha karI navuM dhoraNa dAkhala karyuM. vahIvaTa kahI zakAya evo keLavaNIno vahIvaTa paNa e nAmadAranA rAjyamAM ja thayo. enuM varNana AgaLa karIzuM. rAjya taraphathI davAkhAnAM paNa teozrInA rAjyamAM thayAM. keneDI haispiTala, bIbIbahu begamasAheba DispensarI ane sTeTa janAnA haispiTala ema traNa davAkhAnAM thayAM. lagabhaga bAra lAkha rUpiyAno kharca ANaMda peTalAda relavene khaMbhAta sudhI laMbAvI khaMbhAtane muMbAInI relave sAthe joDyuM. A relave lagabhaga bAra mAIla sudhI darabAra sAhebanI mAlikInI che. paraMtu ene vahIvaTa baeNkhe baraDA eNnDa seMTrala inDiyA relave kare che. khaMbhAta baMdaranI sudhAraNA paNa eo nAmadAre karI hatI. hAla jyAM sudhI Dako che tyAM sudhI relave laI javAmAM AvI vaLI sTeTa taraphathI mAla lAvavA mATe eka sTImara tathA khaMbhAta bhAvanagara vacce utArUonI eka sTImara ema rAkhavAnuM TharAveluM, paraMtu eo nAmadAra behanazIna thavAthI e yojanA pUrI amalamAM AvI nahi. myunisipAliTI khaMbhAtamAM myunisipAliTI paNa thoDAM varSathI dAkhala karavAmAM AvI che. myunisipala vahIvaTa bAra mANasonI kamiTI kare che; emAM cha prajA taraphathI cuMTAya che ane cha rAjya taraphathI nImAya che 11 Bom. Gan, VI.238. dareka dhAMcInI ghANInA rU. 2thI 5, kapAsanA lenAra. 2thI 5, megInI dukAnanAM 2, 2, gAMdhInI dukAnanA rUA. 3, luhAranI dukAnanA rUA. 2 thI 5, sutAra upara rUA. 2 thI 5, darajI upara rUA. 3, senI upara rUA. 3 thI 13, kuMbhAra upara rUA. 2 thI 3, camAranI AkhI nAta upara gAma dITha rUA. 10, ane vaNakaro upara zALa dITha rA. 5. A sivAya mAtra khaMbhAta zaheranA loko pAsethI ghara dITha "kAThIA pALa' vere dase AnA lekhe levAno te kADIonA trAsanA rakSaNanA nAme levAto. mukhya rastAo upara AvelAM ghare upara vadhArAne vare paNa levA ane cATAmAM vecAtI vastuo upara bajArane vero savA cha TakA levA. 12 A relave sTeTanI mAlikInI khaMbhAtathI tArApura sudhI che. I. 1932mAM enI kula Avaka rUA. 1,06,005 thaI hatI. temAMthI bI. bI. enDa sI. Ai. ne kharca jatAM rUA. 43,142 rAjayane naphAnA rahyA hatA, For Private and Personal Use Only

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nI ane (1) mAdalA taLAva (2) mAdalA taLAvanI aMdaranI khaMDiyera vAva (3) dilakhuza bagIcAvALI jagyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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vahIvaTa 137 cUMTaNI dara traNa varSe thAya che. myunisipAliTInI Avaka rUA. para,700nI che.13 enA hAlanA pramukha navAba sAhebanA sTeTa ejInIara jahAMgIra rUstamajI jasAvALA bI. I. che. sadgata navAba sAheba jApharaalIkhAna sAhebanA nAma sAthe joDAeluM khaMbhAtanuM vaioTara vakarsa paNa myunisipala vahIvaTa taLe mukAeluM che. enI Avaka rU. 44,027 che ane kharca rU. 40,649 che. khaMbhAtamAM vIjaLInI rozanI paNa che. hAla thaelA pheraphAra hAla khaMbhAtanuM lazkara 11 savAra ane 150 pAyadaLanuM che. 17 tApa che, paNa temAM kAmamAM Ave evI traNa che. polIsamAM kula 220 mANaso che; emAM 62 hathI ArabaMdha polIsa, 19 ghoDesavAra ane 139 pAyadaLa polIsa che. gAmaDAMnA polIsa, mukhI vagere bAda karatAM kula 389 che. khaMbhAta rAjyamAM 85 grAmapaMcAyata che e ghaNuM vakhANavAlAyaka che. A paMcAyatoe I. sa. 1931-raramAM 315 phojadArI nAnA gunAnA nikAla karyA ane 1472 dIvAnI nAnA dAvAnA cukAdA karyA.14 A sivAya sadgata navAba sAheba behastanazIna thayA pachI ane hAlanA nAmadAra navAba sAheba bahAdura takhtanazIna thayA te daramyAna khaMbhAtanA vahIvaTamAM ghaNA sudhArA thayA che; ane nAmadAra navAba sAheba bahAduranI abhilASA gAdIe AvatAM ja khaMbhAtane eka Adarza rAjya banAvavAnI hovAthI eo nAmadAre paNa vahIvaTamAM ghaNA sudhArA karavAnI zarUAta karI che. khaMbhAtanA dIvAna A badhA vahIvaTanA mukhya sUtradhAra, badhAM rAjyamAM hoya che ema, dIvAna che.15 khaMbhAta svataMtra rAjya tarIke jAhera thayuM tyAra pachI eka agara bIjA nAme dIvAnano hoddo cAlu rahyo che. vrajalAla pezakAra, dharmacaMda, gulAbarAya vagerenAM nAma tathA najumakhAna sAhebanuM nAma joI gayA. gulAbarAya paNa khaTapaTI hato ema jaNAya che. enA vakhatamAM, navAgAmanA eka veNIrAma nAmanA marAThAonA mAnItA pATIdArane khaMbhAtanI dIvAnagIrI ApavAnuM kahI khaMbhAta bolAvI mArI nAkhavAmAM Avyo hato. veNIrAma AsapAsa ghaNo trAsa Apata. veNIrAmane ane khaMbhAtanA navAbane rAsaDe phormsa sabhAnA hastalikhita saMgrahamAM che. ane emAM gulAbarAye bhAga lIdhelo ema lakhe che. zaMbhurAma ane najumakhAne te lagabhaga ghaNI moTI sattA anubhavelI, paraMtu zaMbhurAme vahIvaTamAM bhAga lIdhelo nahi. ogaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhathI khaMbhAtanA dIvAnanAM nAma maLI Ave che te ahIM AvyAM che. 13 Cambay AdministrationReport 1931-32. A AvakamAM, rAjya taraphathI je rU. 25,000 ApavAmAM Ave che tene samAveza thAya che. 14 e ja, 15 gejheTIaranA lekhake vahIvaTanA prakaraNamAM dIvAnanA hodA mATe kAMI nathI lakhyuM e jarA navAI jevuM lAge che. 16 vrajalAlanI bahezI AgaLa gaelAM prakaragamAM sTeTane karelI sevAthI ane kaTokaTInA samaye ane pagaraste jaIne kunehathI kAma karyAthI jaNAI Ave che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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138 vahIvaTa I.sa. 1880 pachI khabhAtanA dIvAna i.sa. 1880 pahelAM dIvAna tarIke khAsa heAddAdAranAM nAma maLatAM nathI; paraMtu 1880nA arasAmAM amadAvAdanA sAheAdarA nAgara rA. geApALabhAI vakhateAvakhata khaMbhAta AvIne dIvAnanA hAddAne lagatuM rAjaddArI kAmakAja saMbhALI jatA. I. sa. 1880mAM nAmadAra navAba sAheba jApharaalIkhAna sAhebanA rAjyamAM pahelA dIvAna tarIke zyAmarAyanuM nAma mAlUma paDe che. emaNe I. sa. 1880thI 1883 sudhI kAma karyuM. pachI ekabe varSa nakhIkhAM nAmanA dIvAna thayA ane I. sa. 1885thI 1890 sudhI zyAmarAya lADa pAchA dIvAna thayA. emanA vakhatamAM hullaDa thayAnuM AgaLa joI gayA. e pachI 'jaoNInTa eNDaminisTrezana' nImavAmAM AvyuM. e vakhate vahIvaTa mi. kaeNneDI ane amadAvAdanA brahmakSatriya rA. bA. kezavalAla hIrAlAlanA hAthamAM hatA. I. sa. 1890thI 1894 sudhI A vahIvaTa rahyo. e pachI I. sa. 1895thI I. sa. 1914 sudhI lAMbI dIvAnagIrIe rA. mAdhavarAma nAmanA dIvAna hatA. sadgata navAba sAhebanA rAjyamAM je sudhArA jeyA te emanA vakhatamAM thayA hatA. khaMbhAta baMdaranI khIlavaNI tathA dareka khAtAMmAM briTiza jillAne anusarIne je je pheraphAra thayA te emaNe karyAM hatA. emanuM nAma khaMbhAtanA eka saphaLa dIvAna tarIke gaNAya che. emanA pachI gheADAtheADA vakhata traNa dIvAna AvI gayA. gheADA divasa amadAvAdavALA rA. bA. bulAkhIdAsa bApujI AvyA; te pachI abdula latIpha AvyA ane te pachI pAMcathI cha mahinA bamanajI AvyA. I. sa. 1915mAM navAba sAheba jAalIkhAna sAheba behastanazIna thavAthI ane hAlanA nAmadAra navAba sAheba sagIra umaranA heAvAthI eNDaminisTrezana nImAyuM. emAM I. sa. 1915 thI 1918 sudhI bamanajI ja rahyA. te pachI I. sa. 1919 thI 1929 sudhI rA. nAmozI, melavI ane rA. bA. kulakaraNInA vahIvaTa rahyo, ane nAmadAra navAba sAheba takhtanazIna thayA tyAre rA. bA. kulakaraNI dIvAna thayA. emanA gayA pachI amadAvAdanA sAdarA nAgara rA. vAsudeva mAvajIbhAI je nAyaba dIvAna hatA te dIvAna thayA; ane thADA mahinA pachI emane mULa briTiza nekarI upara pAchuM javAnuM thavAthI hAlanA dIvAna dIvAna bahAdura narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mahetA khaMbhAta rAjyanA dIvAnapada upara che. hAlanA dIvAna sAhema dIvAna bahAdura narmadAzaMkarabhAI amadAvAdanA sADAdarA nAgara che. emanI rAjakArabhAra karavAnI zakti emanA briTiza DepyuTI kalekaTaranA hAddAnI, amadAvAda myunisipAliTInA cIpha AphisaranA hoddAnI, vAMdarA ane chevaTe muMbAI myunisipAliTInA kamizanaranA hAdAnI saphaLatAthI vyakta thaelI che. muMbaI jevA zaheranI myunisipAliTInA mukhya vahIvaTadAranuM kAma eTale hiMdanA eka meTAmAM meTA dezI rAjyanA vahIvaTanuM kAma. eTale rAjyanI vyavasthA emane hAthe saphaLa thAya emAM navAI nathI. Ama eka kAryakuzaLa maMtrInA sarva guNa emanAmAM che. A uparAMta ee gujarAtanA prakhara vidvAna ane tattvajJa che. vedAMta ane darzanazAstra tathA dharmazAstranA abhyAsI tarIke hiMdustAnanA meATA paDatAnI sAthe mese evuM emanuM jJAna che. e badhI vigatamAM UtarIe teA bahu laMbANu For Private and Personal Use Only

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vahIvaTa 139 thAya. khAsa neMdhavA jevuM to e che ke gujarAtImAM alabhya evuM utkRSTa vaktatva emanAmAM che. khabara ApyA vagara (extempore) game te viSaya upara e uttama vyAkhyAna karI zake che. emanI vANI madhura ane manohara tathA pravAha ammalita che. ghaNA vidvAnomAM sarasvatI magajamAM hoya che paNa narmadAzaMkarabhAImAM to magaja ane jIma baMnemAM sarasvatIno vAsa che. Ama vahIvaTa ane sarasvatI baMnenI upAsanAmAM sarvottama sthAna emaNe prApta karyuM che te joI jI. ke. cesTane - laoNrDa mekolene double first upanAma ApeluM te yAda Ave che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa seLayuM sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI prAcIna samAja pA maitihAsika samayanA khaMbhAta ane gUjarAtanA kinArA saMbaMdhI je anumAno mAtra A thaI zake che te AgaLa joI gayA. mehana-jo-DeromAM je AgaLa vadhelo samAja hato tenI hada khaMbhAtanA akhAta ane narmadAnA taTapradeza sudhI hatI te paNa upara joI gayA. A samAja paurANika zaiva dharma ane devI dharmanuM koI vicitra mULa svarUpa hoya evo dharma pALato hato. khaMbhAta ane gujarAtanA kinArAnA janasamAjano aitihAsika samayamAM vyApaka dharma pAzupata kahI zakAya. joke sAthesAthe sUryapUjA paNa hatI. I.sa. nA trIjAthI dasamAM zataka sudhImAM bauddhonuM jora sArI rIte hatuM te paNa joyuM. skaMdapurANanA kaumArikA khaMDa uparathI, ane cheka teramI sadInA aMta sudhI solaMkI rAjAo parama mAhezvara hovAthI bauddho ane te pachI jainonuM jora vadhavA chatAM zaiva mata khaMbhAtamAM mukhya dharma rahyo hoya ema lAge che. solaMkIonA samayamAM khaMbhAtanI jyAre kharekharI caDhatI hatI tyAre vepAranA kAraNathI jainonI moTI vastI khaMbhAtamAM hatI. madhyakAlIna hiMdu samAja ekaMdare jotAM jaNAze ke I.sanI bAramI sadInA aMtathI Aja sudhI khaMbhAtanA janasamudAyamAM koI paNa pratibhAsaMpanna varga hoya to te jaina koma che. hemacaMdrAcArya, hIravijaya suri ane vijayasena sUri jevA yugapradhAna jainAcAryoe khaMbhAtamAM vakhatovakhata lAMbA nivAsa karalA che; mahArAjAdhirAja kumArapAlanA vakhatamAM udayana maMtrI ane pachI vastupAla tejapAla jevA rAjapuruSothI jaina samAja pioSAyo che; ane poNA baso varSanI amadAvAdanI saltanata tathA so varSanI te pahelAMnI dilhInA subAonI sattA daramyAna paNa jaina kome khaMbhAtanA samAjamAM pitAnuM agresarapaNe kAyama rAkhyuM hatuM e samarAzAha ane vajiyA tathA rAjiyAzAhanA ullekho uparathI spaSTa thAya che. Aje paNa khaMbhAtane janasamudAya moTe bhAge hiMdu che ane hiMduomAM jainonuM ja khAsa jora che. khaMbhAtanA prAcIna brAhmaNa mahAsthAnanA brAhmaNo dhImedhIme e vepArapradhAna zaheramAMthI bIje cAlyA gayA che. samAjanI saMkAritA purAtana khaMbhAtanA janasamAjanI jAherajalAlI eka vakhata ghaNI tejasvI haze emAM to zaMkA nathI. hemacaMdra sUri jevA bhaviSyamAM kalikAlasarvajJa kahevAelA prabhAvake khaMbhAtamAM dIkSA lIdhI eTale jainadarzananA prakhara paMDita ane samartha munio khaMbhAtamAM haze. vastupAla tejapAla to jevA dhanavAna ane sattAvAna hatA tevA ja vidyAvilAsI paNa hatA. pATaNanA rAjapurohita somezvara devakIrtikaumudInA kartA-jevA kavipaMDito emanI pAse rahetA. jayasiMha suri kRta hammIramadamardana nATaka saMskRtamAM vastupAlanA putra jayaMtasiMhanA hukamathI khaMbhAtamAM bhImezvaranA utsavanA varaghoDA vakhate For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra WOUTH (1) pAvara hAusa (2) navAba jAraalIkhAna voTara varksa For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI 141 bhajavAyuM hatuM. eTale gUjarAte utpanna karelA saMskRta sAhityamAM paNa khaMbhAte potAno phALo Apyo che ane saMskRta nATaka bhajavAtuM joI zake evI e vakhatanA ziSTa samAjanI sthiti hatI te vyakta thAya che. jAte jaina chatAM bhImezvaranA utsava prasaMge jayaMtasiMha rasabharyo bhAga le e paNa e samayanA samAjanI sahiSNutA ane milanasArapaNuM siddha kare che. hAlanA jevo jakaDAelo e vakhatano samAja nahi hoya ema lAge che. joke hAla paNa rAjyakartAomAM hiMdu rAjyakartA musalamAna IdanA tahevAromAM savArI kADhI bhAga le che ane musalamAna rAjyakartA hiMdunA dazerAnI savArI kADhI bhAga le che e ochuM prazaMsanIya nathI. bAlacaMdra sUrie paNa e ja arasA (taramI sadImAM khaMbhAtanuM manohara varNana karyuM che ane ene Idrapura jevuM kaheluM che.? prabhAtI rAga A vakhatamAM bhogavilAsa ane kalAomAM paNa khaMbhAta ghaNuM AgaLa vadheluM jaNAya che. hiMdustAnanA saMgItazAstramAM ghaNAM rAgarAgiNIone dezo ane zahera taraphathI nAma maLelAM che. dezonAM nAma ghaNA rAgane che paraMtu zaheronAM bahu nathI. saMgItaratnAdiramAM eka rAganuM nAma smArUti ApeluM che. eTale saMgItaratnAkarano samaya bAramI sadIno gaNue to paNa eka khAsa rAgane nAma ApI zake eTalo saMgItano zokha khaMbhAtamAM vadhelo hovo joIe, ane evA zokhane vadhatAM sadIo pasAra thaI gaelI hovI joie. soLa ane sattaramI sadInA jUnA gujarAtImAM lakhAelA jaina rAsAomAM khaMbhAtI rAga najare paDe che. Aje A khaMbhAtI rAga khaMbhAtamAM ja gavAya che ke nahi e to koI saMgItavizArada kahe tyAre. 1 pisA kamAvA pAchaLa sarvarava bhalI javAyuM che ema ApaNA gujarAtane mATe gaNAya che, paNa eka daSTie te bhrama che. AvI bAbatamAM khoTA prAMtAbhimAnane AkSepa na Ave evI rIte zAMta tulanA karavI joie. dakSiNIo ane baMgALAethI aMjAI gaelAo gUjarAta vidyAthI vimukha prAMta gaNe che. paraMtu gujarAte saMskRta sAhityamAM paNa garva dharI zakAya evA phALo Apelo che. e mATe pri. ANaMdazaMkarabhAIne "gUjarAtanuM saMskRta sAhitya" e nAmane lekha sAhitya pariSada mATe lakhelo che te jovo. pAMca-agara kaI mate cha-mahAkAvyamAM be mahAkAvyo, mAgha ane bhaThThI, e be gujarAte ApyAM che. bhaTTI kAvya (rAvaNavadha mahAkAvya) sAtamI sadImAM valabhIpuramAM racAyuM che. 2 jayasiMha suri khaMbhAtane mATe A zabdo vApare cheH mahodadhi mukha mukhara laharI madhurAdharapAna mahamahanIya mahIsarinmukhamaDana dakSiNa kuNDalAyita stambhatIrthanagarI // [3] staMbhatIrthamitiravyAtamAste 'tIndra puraMpuram // 17 // yadupAnte zritotsaMgAmaGgamaGgena poDayan / mahImahInamaNitAM sevate saritAM ptiH||18|| vivRtAbhayakUlarU: prasUtvarapayodharA / yatrapraste satpAtAn kRmi levAMGganAmahI||19|| nAnAdvIpAntarAyAtasAMyatrika vinirmiteH / bhANDakUTaryadA kIrNa krIDA shailrivshriyH||20|| sphAti nauvittakaiH kITakozakairiva kAnanam // 21 // sakezarapi niSkeza dhiivraivpydhiivraiH| rAjaterannara zvArUvigraha rpyvigrhaiH||22|| sadAkarajapAtAraH sphArakeli mahA bahiH / vatto dyAnagaNo'ntazca vyascan mAnavA navAH // 23 // 4 jA nA vakhatamAM gurjara rAga paNa hato. (juo gItavida). kAnaDe, gADI, gAMdhAra vagere gaNAvIe. rAgarAgaNIonAM to dhaNAM nAma deze uparathI paDelAM che. mane lAge che ke bilAvala rAga verAvaLa baMdara uparathI nahi hoya ? virAvaLa seminAtha e For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #184
142 sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI jina kavi RSabhadAsa gujarAtI sAhityamAM paNa khaMbhAte potAno phALo Apelo che. emAM mukhya nAma sattaramI sadInI zarUAtamAM thaI gaelA jaina kavi vabhadAsanuM Ave. jainomAM meTe bhAge sAdhuo lekhaka thaI zakatA. paraMtu kavi RSabhadAsa gRhasthAzramI chatAM te samayamAM sArA kavi tarIke vikhyAta thayA che. emanA dAdA mULa visanagaranA vatanI hatA. emanuM nAma mahArAja. saMgha kADhavAthI emanI avaTaMka saMghavI paDelI. mahArAjanA putra sAMgaNa ane emanA RSabhadAsa. sAMgaNa visanagara choDI vepAra mATe khaMbhAta AvelA ane khaMbhAtanA vatanI thaI gayA. RSabhadAsa garbhazrImaMta hatA. eTale e jamAnAmAM gRhasthAzramI ne garbhazrImaMta, ane vadhArAmAM vidyAnA nAmathI dUra bhAganAra vepArI varganA pote mANasa chatAM kavi tarIke nAma meLavyuM e Aje jarA navAI jevI vAta lAge. RSabhadAse paNa saMgha kAvyo hato. emaNe akabara ane jahAMgIranA vakhatanA khaMbhAtanuM tathA khaMbhAtanA samAjanuM sAruM, ane kavio sAmAnya rIte kare che tevI atizayokti vagaranuM, citra ApyuM che. A kavie e samayanI gUjarAtI bhASAmAM lagabhaga 32 rAsa lakhyA che. hIravijaya rAsa, bharatabAhubali rAsa, hitazikSA rAsa, kumArapAla rAsa Adi prasiddha che. kavi saMskRtanA sArA jJAtA hatA. kavi tapAgacchanA AcArya vijayadeva ane vijayatilaka e baMnenA ziSya hatA. e baMne AcAryo vijayasena sUrinA ziSya hatA ane vijayasena sUri yugapradhAna prabhAvaka zrI hIravijaya sUrinA ziSya hatA. zrI hIravijaya sarie zahenazAha akabarane pratibodhyo hato. have RSabhadAsajI kRta khaMbhAtanA samAjanuM ane zaheranuM varNana joIeH pagunAmi mujha pohotI Asa, traMbAvatImAM kIdho rAsa. sakala nagara nagarI mahiM joya, traMbAvatI te adhikI hoya sakala deza taNo ziNagAra, gurjara deza nara paMDita sAra. gujara dezanA paMDita bahu, khaMbhAyati Agali hAraI sadU. jihAM viveka vicAra apAra, vasaI loka jihAM varNa aDhAra. olapAI jihAM varaNAvaraNa, sAdhu puruSanAM pUjaI caraNa. vasaI loka vArU dhanavaMta, pahiraI paTela nAri guNavaMta. kanaka taNA kaMdorA jaDaDyA, triNya AMgale te puhulA ghaDyA. paNa prAcIna samRddha baMdara hatuM. vilAla eTale baMdaranuM saMskRta nAma. enA uparathI prAkRta velAula thaI enuM varNaviparyayathI braNa rUpa virAvaLa thayuM. musalamAne ene asalathI bilAvala kahetA. e uparathI khaMbhAtanI peThe bilAvala thayuM hoya. je A kharUM hoya to AzAvarI e AzAvalI-AzAvalamAM thaelo rAga hoya ?kaI saMgItazAstrI A upara prakAza nAkhaze ? game tema paNa khaMbhAtI rAga to vaparAelo che ane tene saMgItaratnAkarane AdhAra che. 5 juo AnaMda kAvyamahedadhi, saitika 5, zrI. hI. vijaya rAsa, pR. 316-18, A varNanane utAre maitika 8mAmAM bhadAsa uparanA nibaMdhamAM karyo che, temAM khaMbhAtanAM e kavie karelAM varNana paNa ApyAM che. mULa ane utArAmAM keTalAka zabadomAM kera jaNAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #185
sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI hIra taNuM kaMdarA talaI, kanaka taNA mAdalIA malAI rUpaka sAMkaliuM bIkharI, sevana sAMkalI gali UtarI. vaDA vANIA jihAM dAtAra, sAlU pAghaDI bAMdhI sAra. lAMbI gaja bhAMkhuM pAMtrIsa, vAdhaMtA haraSaI kara sIsa. bhaIravanI aMgatAI jyAMhi, jhIMNA jhagA parthIi te mAMhi. TaDhI rezamI kahi8i bhajI, nava gaja laMba savA te gai. UparI phAlIuM bAMdhaI kaI cAra rUpaIAnuM te joI kaI pachavADI koI pAMbharI, sAThi rUpaInI te kharI. pahiri rezamI jeha kabhAya, eka zata rUpaiyA te thAI. hAthe bahiraSA bahu mudrikA, AvyA nara jANuM svarga thakA. page vANahI ati sukamAla, zyAma varNa sabalI te jAla. tela kUla sugaMdha sanAna, aMgi vilepana tilaka ni pAna. ehavA puruSa vasiM jeNi hAri, strInI zobhA kahI na jAya. rUpa raMbhA bahu ziNagAra, pharI uttara nAI bharatAra aryuM nagara ne traMbAvatI, sAyaralahiri jihAM AvatI. vAhaNa vAri taNo nahi pAra, hATe loka kari vyApAra. nagarakoTa ni liuM, mANika bahu mANasa malyuM. vahoraI kulI DeDI sera, AlaI dokaDA tehanA tera. bhogI leka asyA jihAM vasaI, dAna varaI pAchA na viSasaI bhegI puruSa ni karUNAvaMta, vANiga choDi tu bAMdhyA jaMta, pazu puruSanI pIDA hari, mAMdA narani sAjA kari. ajA mahIpa kari saMbhAla, zrAvaka jIvadayA pratipAla. paMcAsI jinanA prAsAda, dhvaja toraNa tihAM ghaMTanAda. pastAlIsa jihAM padhadha zAla, karaI vaSANa muni vAcAla. paDikAmaNuM vidha pUjAya, puNya karatAM ghADhA jAya. prabhAvanA vyAkhyAni jyohiM, zAhAnI vAtsalya hAI prAMhi. umAzare deharU ni hATa, atyanta dUri nahiM te vATa. Dila gocarI sohilyA hiM, muni ahiM rahivA hIMDi prAMhiM. acyuM nagara -bAvatI vAsa, hIra taNo tihAM je rAsa. pAtazA purama nagarane dhaNuM, nyAya nIti tehaniM ati ghaNI. tAsa amali ko miM rAsa, segaNa suta kavi RSabhadAsa. saMvata sola paMcyAsI Ujasi, A mAsa dasamI dina tasiM. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #186
14 sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI gusavAri mi kIdho abhyAsa, mujha mana kerI pahotI Asa. zrIguru nAmiM atI AnaMda, vaMdo vijayAnaMda sUrida. A varNana uparathI loka, temanI dharmabhAvanA, paheraveza, vepAra, badhAno khyAla AvI zake che. bIjAM varNana ATalA lAMbA na ApatAM khAsa vizeSatA ApIe. vasata vivahArIA kanaka keDe bharyA. uThI parabhAti jina maMdira jAvaI (zreNika rAsa.) jihAM bahu mAnavane vAso, pahoMce sahukonI Aza. bhUkhyo ke navi jAya, ghere ghoDA gaja gAya. vahANa vepAra vyApArI, vRSabha vahela te sArI. sAyara taNAM jaLa kALAM, Ave motI paravALAM. nagara traMbAvatI sAro, dukhiyA narano AdhAra. nija pura mukIa Ave, te ahIM bahu dhana pAve. Isu anupama gAma, jehanA bahu che nAma. traMbAvatI piNa kahiye, khaMbhanagara piNa lahiye. bhogavatI piNa hoya, nagara lIlAvatI joya. karNAvatI piNa jANuM gaDha maDha maMdira vaSANu. vividha vyApAriyA nira, joI trapaLiyo harakho. meTI mAMDavI kura, dANa corI tihAM varaje. naja ane kapuramAM vase nahi. vidyAnI vAta, bahu dhana dhAnya te bharI vastu anupama sAta. vahela varagheDe vIMjhaNo maMdira jAli bhAta. bhejana dAmane cUDalo, e sAte khaMbhAta. (bharatabAhubali rAsa) khaMbhAtamAM vikhyAta jaina AcAryonAM Agamana tathA aneka jaina zeThiyAonAM dharmakAryo vagerenA eTalA badhA ullekho maLe che ke jenonI daSTie khaMbhAtanA itihAsanI eka nAnI pustikA judI thAya. hIravijaya sUrinA khaMbhAtanA ullekho ghaNA che ane emanA ziSya vijayasena sUrie te vajiyA-rAjiyA, udayakaraNa, sonI tejapAla vagerene khaMbhAtamAM jinAlanI pratiSThA karavA prerelA. e sUrizrI vi. saM. 1672 (I.1616)mAM khaMbhAtanA akabarapura parAmAM ja nirvANa pAmyA. zrI - 6 e vakhatanI pAghaDInuM mApa neMdhavA jevuM che. pAMtrIsa gaja lAMbI. vaLI kaI kaI phALiyAM paNa bAMdhatA. 7 AnaMda kAvyamahodadhi mai. 8. For Private and Personal Use Only

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dha ! - che (1) hemacaMdra sUrIzvarajIne upAzraya (2) rataMbhana pArzvanAtha daherAsaranuM pravezadvAra tathA pAsenuM makAna ane jJAnabhaMDAra (3) rataMbhana pArzvanAthanI mUti For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #188
sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI 145 hIravijaya sUrinuM mAna akabaranA darabAramAM eTaluM badhuM hatuM ke eNe eka varSa sudhI khaMbhAta baMdaramAM magara ke mAchalAM na mAravAne hukama kaDhAveleA. vi. saM. 1678mAM jinarAja surinI AjJAthI zrI matisAre dhanAlibhadranA rAsa racyA. saM. 1691mAM dazavaikAlika sUtra upara zabdArthavRtti 3350 klAkapramANa khaMbhAtamAM racAi. aneka AcAryoMe khaMbhAtamAM dIkSA lIdhAnuM ane paMDitapo meLavyAnuM Ave che.8 hiMdu dhArmika sAhityamAM paNa khaMbhAte kALe ApelA che. saM. 1620mAM khaMbhAtanA khAnapura nAmanA parAmAM vaDanagarA nAgara kavi viSNudAsa thaI gayA. temanA sahapAThI zivadAsa thayA. saM. 1684mAM bhUdharadAsa thayA temaNe rAmAyaNa ane aSTamaskaMdha lakhyAnuM kahevAya che. temanA putra avicale paNa ghaNAM dhArmika AkhyAna lakhyAM che. jaina bhaMDArI khaMbhAtanA samAjamAM meATI lAgavaga dharAvatA jaina samudAyane zAbe evA jJAnabhaMDAra paNa khaMbhAtamAM che; ane rAjya badalI thavA chatAM jaina kAme athAga mahenata ane dravya kharacIne A bhaMDArA sAcavI rAkhyA che e kharekhara dhanyavAdanI vAta che. gUjarAtanuM parama gaurava A kAme A bhaMDArAmAM jALavI rAkhyuM che, ane ene lIdhe jaina kAmane ja ApaNe gUjarAtanuM gaurava kahIe teA atizayAkti nathI. dezakALane sImA na mAnanArA ApaNA hiMdu tattvajJAe kAI paNa vastunI vyavasthita noMdha rAkhavAnI darakAra na rAkhI tene pariNAme dezanA prAcIna pratihAsa aMdhArAmAM rahyo. paraMtu A keme je saMcaya karyo che ane emanA sAdhuoe je noMdhA rAkhI che tene mATe pratyeka hiMdI abhimAna laI zake tema che. ema kahevAya che ke gUjarAtanA jaina bhaMDArAne jo ekatra kare te hiMdustAnamAM koIpaNa hastalikhita graMtheAnA pustakasaMcayamAM na hoya eTalAM badhAM pustakA gujarAtanA bhaMDArAmAMthI maLe. pATaNa, jesalamera, lIMbaDI, amadAvAda, khaMbhAta Adi jaina zaheramAM AvA bhaMDAra paDelA che. A khajAnAne sArA upayAga thavA joe. joke jene mAtra sAcave che te! sArI rIte. khaMbhAtamAM pAMca bhaMDAra che. eka jJAnavamaLa sirA bhaMDAra. emAM 99 pAthIe che; kAgaLa upara lakhelA graMthA che; khIjAM pustako paNa che. khInne cunIlAla pitaneA bhaMDAra. emAM 1250 graMthA che; lakhANa kAgaLa upara che. trIjo bheAMmarApADAnA bhaMDAra. AmAM ghaNAM pustako che; tADapatrAnA graMthA paNa che. ceAtheA nItivijayajInA bhaMDAra. emAM 50 pothIe che; lakhANa kAgaLa upara che. pAMcamA zAMtinAtha mahArAjanA bhaMDAra. A bhaMDAramAM prAcIna graMthA che. e zeTha nagInacaMda karamacaMdanA 8 AvA ullekhenA pAra Ave tema nathI ane ene ahIM lakhatAM ghaNA vistAra thAya. jaina samAja keTale lAgavagavALA hatA te sahaja spaSTa thAya che. A vigatanA sAra jaina paTTAvaLIomAMthI maLI zake che. TUTUMkAmAM jANavAnI icchA hoya temaNe jaina caityaparipATI ane khaMbhAtano itihAsa e laghu purataka jevuM. khaMbhAtamAM AvelI jaina saMsthAonI vigata paNa emAM ApelI che anete khaMbhAtanA jaina samAja upara sArA prakAza nAkhe che. eno nAmAvila ApatAM vistAra vadhAre thai jAya. 9 ema kahevAya che ke ekalA amadAvAdanA (bhaMDArAmAMnAM) haratalikhita pustako bhegAM kare teA bhAMDArakara rIsarca InsaTITaTyuTanA saMgraha karatAM vadhAre thAya. For Private and Personal Use Only

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146 sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI vahIvaTamAM che. kahe che ke DaeN. pITarasane I.sa. 1885mAM je yAdI karelI che te A bhaMDAranI che. A sivAya khAravADAmAM zrI vijayanemi sUrina no bhaMDAra paNa uttama che. enuM makAna traNa mALanuM che. upAzrayamAM chUTAchavAyA bhaMDAro che. 10 che. pITarasana A bhaMDAronAM hastalikhita pustaka jevA traNa vakhata khaMbhAta AvI gaelA. De. pITarasane pote jeelA graMthenI lAMbI nAmAvali muMbAInI raoNyala eziyATIka sesIeTInA jaranalanA be bhAgamAM chapAvI che.11 emAM vikramanI teramI sadIthI zarU thatA prAcIna graMtho che ane keTalAka mahattvanA graMthonI nakalo che. keTalAka graMtha koI jagyAe na maLe tevA paNa che. hemacaMdra suri tathA abhayadeva sUrinI kRtio gArgIcArya kRta karmavipAka, mahAkavi dhanapAlanI kRtio vagere evA uttama graMtho che, jenAM nAma mAtra ApavAmAM paNa nAno graMtha thAya.12 keLavaNI have khaMbhAtanI keLavaNI vagere joIe. 1931mAM khaMbhAta rAjyanI vastI 87,761 mANasonI ane temAM khaMbhAta zaheranI 31,921 che. rAjyanI vastI 1921mAM 71,71pa hatI te vadhIne eTalI thaelI che. I.sa. 187ramAM keLavaNInI sthiti bahu dayAjanaka hatI. hiMduomAM 928 TakA vAMcatAMlakhatAM jANanArA ane musalamAnamAM 799 TakA. strIkeLavaNa nahi jevI hatI. 33,371 hiMduomAM phakta 23 bhaNelI ane 5,787 musalamAna strIomAM phakta be ja bhaNelI hatI. gUjarAtI nizALe thaDI hatI. aMgrejI bhaNatara mATe eMglo varnAkayulara nizALa hatI ane zeTha varajIvanadAsa mANekacaMde rU. 7000 rkolarazipa mATe ApyA hatA. vadhAre bhaNavA naDiyAdanI hAIskUle javuM paDatuM.13 paraMtu jamAna vadhatAM keLavaNI vadhatI gaI. Aje rAjyamAM 65 gUjarAtI nizALo che ane temAM 5,567 chokarAM bhaNe che. aMgrejI hAIskUlanI pragati sArI che. 1931mAM meTrikyulezanamAM 45 vidyArthI melelA temAMthI 19 uttIrNa thayA hatA. beMya skAuTanI saMsthA paNa che ane temAM 25 chokarA bhAga le che. rAjyanI ATalI nizALo uparAMta 12 khAnagI gUjarAtI nizALo che ane temAM pa6ra vidyArthIo bhaNe che. 16 madresAo u6, arabI ane kurAne zarIpha zIkhavavA mATe che, emAM 357 vidyArthIo che. "masA-e-taiyabI" ane "madresA-e-gulazanane ahamadI'ne sarakArI sahAya maLe che. tArApura yuvaka maMDaLanI nizALane paNa sahAya maLe che. 10 khaMbhAtane itihAsa ane caitya paripATI, pR. 30 ane 59, A pudatakanI goThavaNI jainetarane na samajAya tevI che te AgaLa kahyuM che. A baMne pRSTa upara bhaMDAronI vigata ApelI che ane te spaSTa nathI. 99 J.B.B.R.A.S. No. XLIV. 24 XIV Peterson's search for Sansk. M.S.S.241H1 1. XLV pR. 26mAM abhayadevasUrinI vAtamAM taMbhanakane ja khaMbhAta dhAreluM che ane pR. 37 mAM "bhutAyAne khaMbhAta dhAreluM che eTale De. pITarasanane paNa A bAbatane bhrama hato. A bAbata "abhidhAna' prakaraNamAM carcA gayA chIe. 12 che. pITarasana lakhe che ke pUrva eziyA ane yuropanA mahAmArga para AvelA khaMbhAtane Aje jANe dariye paNa tajIne jato lAge che. vaLI eo khaMbhAta karatAM nagarAmAM jovAnuM vadhAre haze ema kahe che. 13 Bom. Gaz. VI. 238-29. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAjika vikAsa-keLavaNI 147 rAjyamAM prAthamika keLavaNI maphata che. gAmaDAMmAM chokarAonI nizALamAM prAthamika keLavaNI pharajiyAta che ane zaheramAM eka aMtyajanI nizALamAM paNa pharajiyAta che. tArApura ane eka bIja gAmamAM paNa aMtyajanI nizALe che. rAjya taraphathI saMskRta mATe eka vedazALA cAle che. eka jainanI kanyAzALA cAle che jemAM 145 chokarIo bhaNe che. UMcI keLavaNIne mATe rAjyanI prajAne khaMbhAtanI bahAra bhaNavA javA mATe lAyakAta mujaba rkolarazipa paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. garIba muslImonAM chokarAo sArUM navI muslIma hosTela nAmadAra navAba sAhebe 1932-33mAM bolI che jemAM trIsa bALakone sarva bAbatamAM sarakAranA kharce saMbhALI keLavaNI ApavAmAM Ave che. I.sa. 1931mAM keLavaNI pAchaLa rAje 87,750 rUpiyA kharca karyuM hatuM. 14 khaMbhAtamAM kopareTiva sasAeTInuM kAma paNa ThIka cAle che ane eka koopareTiva arabana beMka paNa che. - hAlanA nAmadAra navAba sAhebanA utsAhabharyA amalamAM khaMbhAta keLavaNImAM jhaDapathI pragati karatuM jAya che ane ene janasamAja bIjAM sudharelAM zaherenI sAthe bese e thato jAya che. 14 vadhu vigata mATe hatuo khaMbhAta rAjyane eNDaminisTrezana riporTa 1931-32, pR. 39 thI 44. For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa sattaramuM jovAlAyaka sthaLo nagarA 0 bhAtanAM jovAlAyaka sthaLomAM khaMbhAta zaheranuM varNana ane enAM jovAlAyaka sthaLonuM - varNana paheluM lakhavAnuM sAmAnya rIte mana thAya; paraMtu itihAsa temaja purAtatAnI dRSTie paheluM varNana nagarAnuM karIzuM. khaMbhAtathI traNa cAra mAIla uttaramAM A gAma AveluM che ane Aje paNa khaMbhAtanAM sArI sthitinAM gAmomAM te gaNAya che. khaMbhAtathI nagarA sudhI rasto jhADavALo ane raLiyAmaNo che. nagarA eTale jUnA nagaranAM khaMDero. moDherAnI peThe A gAma paNa prAcIna khaMbhAtane sthaLe je nagara hatuM tenA TekarAo upara vaseluM che, paraMtu chuTA TekarA upara heImoDherAnI peThe dUrathI dekhAtuM nathI. A TekarAomAM prAcIna nagara daTAeluM che. emAMthI doDha phUTa lAMbI moTI purAtana iTo ghaNIvAra nIkaLI Ave che. A nagaranuM nAma eka vakhate nagaraka hatuM ema nagarAmAM AvelA jayadityanA maMdiranA lekha uparathI jaNAya che. nagaraka mahAsthAna ane nArade vasAveluM te uparathI moTuM brAhmaNa saMsthAna hAI ghaNuM prAcIna hovAnuM AgaLa joI gayA chIe. hAlanA TekarAo upara vaselA nagarA gAmanI AsapAsa ane khAsa karIne uttara bAju doDha be mAIla sudhI aneka khaMDero jaNAI Ave che, eTale A prAcIna nagara vistAra keTalo haze tene khyAla Ave che. brahmAnI mUrtio nagarAmAM keTalAMka jovAlAyaka sthaLo che ane gUjarAtanA itihAsanA abhyAsIne e hAlanA khaMbhAta karatAM paNa vadhAre mahattvanAM che. sauthI pahelAM brahmadevanI pratimA jevA jevI che. pratibhAvidhAnanI daSTie enuM varNana kareluM che. A mUrti nagarA gAmanI pAsethI nIkaLelI che ane moTI manuSyAkRtinA kadanI che. traNe mukha je dekhAya che tene dADhImUcha che. AsapAsa brahmAjInI be strIonI judI mUrtio che. brahmAnI mUrti A rIte hiMdustAnamAM A trIjI kahI zakAya. eka puSkaramAM, bIjI kheDabrahmAmAM ane trIjI nagarAmAM. mUrti jatAM ke bIjA devanA maMdiramAM peTA deva tarIkenI A mUrti hoya ema lAgyuM nathI, paraMtu e sthaLe brahmAnuM svataMtra maMdira eka veLAe haze ema lAge che. brahmAnI pUjA thatI nathI ema je mAnavAmAM Ave che te bhUla che. joke hAla brahmAnAM svataMtra maMdira phakta upara kahyAM te be ja che; paNa nagarAnI mUrtithI spaSTa thAya che ke bIjA prAMtamAM game tema haze, paNa gujarAtamAM te brahmAnI pUjA khAsa haze. A mUrtine hAla eka nAnA gharamAM rAkhelI che ane enA upara gaMdAM kapaDAM paherAvI enA suMdara zilpane DhAMkI devAmAM Ave che. brahmA 1 prabhAsapATaNanI bAjumAM jUnAM prabhAsanAM daTAI gaelAM khaMDere kahevAya che tene paNa nagara kahe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #192
pl TEA nagarAnA prAcIna avaze (1) nagarAmAMthI nIkaLelI prAcIna buddhamUrti, (2) e ja mUrtinuM bAjuthI darzana; (3) nagarAmAM jayAdityanA maMdira pAsethI nIkaLelI mUrti, (4) nagarAnI brahmA ane brahmANInI bIjI AsamUrtio, je akhaMDa hovAthI eka gharamAM rAkhI tenI pUjA karavAmAM Ave che; (5) ArasanI gaNezamUrti, (6) jamI masjidamAMthI maLelA paththara uparanI mUrti, (3) khaMbhAtanI jumA masjidanuM samArakAma karatAM pahelAM khaMDiyeramAMthI maLelI mUrtio; (8) nagarA pAsenA keTezvara mahAdevanA kuMDamAM UtaratAM jamaNI bAjunI divAla paranI zeSanAganI khaMDita mUrti, (9) koTezvara kuMDa; (10) koTezvara mahAdevanuM devAlaya : bAnI jamIna caDI gaI jaNAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #193
jovAlAyaka sthaLe 149 nI pUjA A sthaLe sArA pramANamAM haze ene bIjo purAvo nagarA gAmathI khaMbhAta bAju jatAM eka jhADa nIce brahmAjInI bIjI khaMDita mUrti paDelI che. A mUrti paNa pahelI mUrti jevI ja suMdara che ane kadamAM paNa evI ja meTI che. yAditya e ja raste jarA AgaLa jatAM nagarA gAmanI hAlanI hadamAM ja jayAdityanuM sUryamaMdira che. IsanI bAramI sadInI pahelAM gujarAtamAM sUryapUjA ghaNI hatI. kAThiyAvADamAM ane kinArA upara sUryapUjA ghaNI hatI e hAlanAM maMdironAM avazeSothI mAlUma paDe che. prabhAsamAM sUryamaMdira Aje paNa ThIka sthitimAM che. moDherAnuM sUryamaMdira gUjarAtamAM uttama maMdiramAM gaNI zakAya. e uparathI sUryapUjAnuM e samayanuM mahatva samajAya che. sAbaramatInA kinArA upara ghaNAM sUryamaMdironA ullekho purANomAM maLe che. khaMbhAta paNa A badhA bhAganuM aMga che ane jayAdityanuM maMdira khaMbhAtamAM sUryapUjA thatI hatI e siddha kare che. e jayAdityanuM maMdira ativRSTithI paDI javA jevuM thavAthI mahAmAtya vastupAle samarAveluM evo lekha maLe che. eTale teramI sadImAM yAdityanuM maMdira sArI sthitimAM haze. mUrti lagabhaga cha phITa UMcI ane suMdara che. A mUrti uparathI enuM maMdira moDherAnA sUryamaMdira jevaDuM haze ema kalpanA thaI zake. ghUMTaNa sudhI zikArInA jevA joDA paherelA sUryanArAyaNa vIratvanA deva che. enI pUjA baMdha thaI tyArathI gujarAtamAMthI vIratva gayuM. keTezvara nagarA gAmathI uttare ekathI doDha mAIla che. koTezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira che e paNa jovA jevuM che. joke tyAM kArIgarI kAMI nathI. pAse eka prAcIna kuMDa che. enAM pagathiyAM AgaLa jamaNe hAthe sarasvatInI eka nAnI mUrti che. enuM zilpa suMdara ane bauddha samaya jeTaluM jUnuM jaNAya che. ahIM sudhI nagarAnI jagyAe AvelA prAcIna nagaranI uttara hada heya ema jaNAya che. bhagavAna buddhadevanI mUrti nagarA gAmanI vacce eka TekarA upara bhUrA paththaranI banAvelI bhagavAna buddhanI eka moTI mUrti che. A mUrti roja gAmalokanA jovAmAM AvatI chatAM bahAra te bAbata kAMI jaNAeluM nahi. muMbAInA AkA~chanA khAtAne paNa A bAbatanI khabara Aja sudhI nahotI, te gejheTIara ke bIjA e viSayanA lekhakane kyAMthI hoya? mUrti ghaNA vakhatathI bahAra khullAmAM paDelI hovAthI enA keTalAka bhAga ane khAsa karIne mukhanA keTalAka bhAga ghasAI gayA che. gAmanA loko ene buddhanAtha 2 A mUrtine brahmAnI peThe mukha che. temAM traNa meM dekhAya che. vacaluM mAM pahelI mUrti jevuM che. tene dADhI, mUcha vagere che, paNa AsapAsanAM be mukha dADhI vagaranAM ane strI jevAM che. Ane khulAso koI pratimavidhAnazAstrI karaze evI AzA che. 3 sAbaramatI tIre khaDAyata gAmamAM keTavarkanuM maMdira che, e khaDAyatAnA iSTadeva che. e sUryanI pUjA Aje keTathI viSNu tarIke thAya che. bIjA ghaNA ullekha maLe che. khaMbhAtamAM bIjuM sUryamaMdira bAlAdityanuM hatuM kau. naM. 46) 4 bhAvanagara prAcIna lekhasaMgraha bha', 1. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #194
150 jovAlAyaka sthaLe tarIke oLakhe che ane keTalAka loke maraNa pachI tyAM AvI amuka kriyA kare che. gujarAtamAM A jAtanI buddhimUrti maLI Ave e eka asAdhAraNa banAva che. gujarAtamAM khAsa karIne kinArAnA bhAgamAM baiddhonuM jora eka vakhate hatuM ene A eka vadhArAno purAvo maLyo che. guphAo vagere maLeluM, paraMtu gheghA pAse pIramamAM eka mUrti maLelI te pachI A mUrti maLI che. gujarAtanA dhArmika ane sAmAjika itihAsanA abhyAsIe A mUrtinI khAtara paNa khaMbhAta AvI nagara javA jevuM che. rAjya taraphathI e mUrtinI AsapAsa khodakAma kareluM che, paraMtu kAMI khAsa jANavA jevuM maLyuM nathI. zivamaMdiranA thoDA avazeSo mAtra nIkaLyA che. mUrti tyAM ja mULathI haze ke AsapAsanI koI jagyAethI tyAM ANelI haze te kahI zakAtuM nathI. pirANika sthaLe skaMdapurANa kAmArikA khaMDamAM ApelAM tIrthomAMthI keTalAMkano Aje patto nathI lAgato. keTalAMka Aje nagarAmAM ane keTalAMka khaMbhAta zaheramAM che. khaMbhAta zaheramAM to hAlanuM zahera vasyA pachI ane nagarA tUTayA pachI khAsa jANItAM terthone lAvI padharAvyAM haze ema samajAya che. A maMdiramAM jovAlAyaka kAMI nathI, chatAM kumAranAthanuM maMdira, pataMgezvaranuM maMdira, somanAtha, staMbhezvara vagere zivamaMdiro ane vaDA vAsudevanI piLamAM eka ja gharamAM vRddha vAsudevanuM maMdira eTaluM jevuM to kharuM. A maMdiramAMthI keTalAMkamAM keTalIka prAcIna nAnI mUrtio lAvIne mUkelI che. zaheranI aMdara ane bahAranAM paracuraNa sthaLe khaMbhAta zahera pahelAM ghaNuM moTuM hatuM, paNa gaI sadImAM ghaNuM ghasAI gayuM hatuM ema AgaLa karelAM varNanathI jaNAze. paraMtu Aje enAmAM AjanAM bIjAM sudharelAM zaheranI ronaka AvatI jAya che. relave sTezanathI gavArAne raste thaI zaheramAM jatAM vahorAonAM makAnonI hAra ane eno dekhAva AkarSaka che. zahera ekaMdare ravaccha ane rastA sArA jaNAya che. mANekacoka hAla coka nathI, paNa mAtra eka latte che. traNa daravAjA ane enA upara buraja karI ghaDiyALa mUkeluM che e nAmadAra sadgata navAba sAhebanA vakhatamAM thaeluM che. traNa daravAjA upara lekha che.ne hI. saM. 992-I.sa.1584no akabaranA vakhatano che. mANekacoka ane traNa daravAjA pATaNa amadAvAdanI piThe akabaranA samayathI prAcIna che. akabaranA samayamAM marAmata thaI haze. hAla paNa marAmata thaelI che. traNa daravAjAmAM peThA pachI dekhAva kAMIka bhavya lAge che. khullI medAna jevI jagyAmAM DAbI bAju dIvAna sAhebane rahevAnuM sarakArI makAna che. te beThA ghATanuM paNa sArI sagavaDavALuM che. pa A mUrti Isa. 1932nA julAI mAsamAM bahAranA lokane pahelI najare paDI. loko ene buddhanAtha kahe che. e mATe muMbaInI buddha sosAeTInA sabhAsada ane sarva dharmatattvanA prakhara vidvAna khaMbhAtanA dIvAna sAheba zrI narmadAzaMkarabhAI kahe che ke buddhanAtha nAma zaiva ane zraddhamatanuM thaeluM mizraNa batAve che. Aje loke maraNa pachI maDaduM bALI buddhanAtha pAse dIva karI prArthanA kare che e mahAyAna bauddhonI buDhakAya agarabodhicittanI mAnyatA che. A jagyA prathama zaiva jaNAya che kAraNake mUrtinI AsapAsa khodakAma karatAM zivaliMga, gaNeza ane devInI mUrtio tathA zaMkha vagere nIkaLyAM hatAM. nAtha zabda e nAtha saMpradAya je pAzupato pachI thaye te uparathI thayuM che. emAM matsayendranAtha, gorakSanAtha vagere samartha mahAtmAo thaI gayA, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #195
jovAlAyaka sthaLo 151 aMgrejI hAIskUlanuM makAna jamaNI bAjue AveluM che. jumA masjida sAme pazcima bAjue jumAmajida AvelI che. enuM varNana sthApatyanA prakaraNamAM thaI gayuM che. khaMbhAta zaheramAM e sauthI vadhAre AkarSaka ane bhavya makAna che ane aitihAsika dRSTie khAsa jevA jevuM che. aMdaranA lekha pramANe amadAvAdanI masjidathI A masjida vadhAre jUnI che eTale sthApatyanA abhyAsakane paNa jovAlAyaka che. masjidanI bAjumAM darabAragaDha che. nAmadAra navAba sAheba hAla navA bIjA mahelamAM rahe che, paraMtu asala rAjamahela A che ane jUnA vakhatanI beThI megalAI bAMdhaNIne uttama namUno che. enuM varNana paNa AgaLa kareluM che. A mahela ane AkhA khaMbhAta zaherane dekhAva baMdara AgaLathI ghaNe manahara lAge che. aMgrejI keDI rAjamahela pachI aMgrejI keDI khAsa jovAlAyaka makAnamAM gaNI zakAya. A keThI khaMbhAtanA sthaLane kumArikA kSetranuM nAma ApanAra kumArikA devInA maMdiranA sthAna upara che ema manAya che. keDInuM makAna aMdarathI killA jevuM ane oraDA ThaMDakavALA, sArA, moTA ane sagavaDavALA che. hAla emAM nAmadAra navAba sAheba ane dIvAna sAhebanI oNphise che. koThI cALIsa hajAra rUpiyAthI muMbAinA kharazedajI pestanajI maMdiIe vecAtI rAkhelI temanI pAsethI nAmadAra navAba sAhebe kharIdI lIdhI che. pahelAM emAM yuropIyanone utAro apAtA. koThInuM makAna I. sa. 1613mAM baMdhAyuM che. bagIcA ane taLA zaheranI bahAra lAlabAga khAsa jovAlAyaka che. sthAna ghaNuM ramaNIya che. emAM megalAI ghATanAM be beThAM mAne che ane enI sAme pANIthI bharelA mogala DhabanA heja che ethI zebhAmAM vadhAro thAya che. bAga ane makAno I. sa. 1747mAM mIrajhAM bAkare bAMdhyAM che. bAganI pAse ja nAsara taLAva AveluM che. ene kinAre pANInI TAMkI che jyAMthI zaherane pANI pUruM paDe che. khaMbhAtano A Akho ye bhAga ghaNo ja manahara che. taLAvamAM pANI bhareluM hoya che tyAre te ghaNuM ja suMdara lAge che. sAme kinAre vaiSNava saMpradAyanI beThaka che. nArezvarane purANamAM nArade banAveluM nAradasara kahe che. ene nAraMgasara paNa kahe che. nagInA nAmanI gAnArIe potAnA nAmanA akSara nathI zarU thatAM nava taLAva khaMbhAta pAse baMdhAvyAM temanuM mukhya te nAraMgasara evI daMtakathA che. paraMtu te AdhAra vagaranI jaNAya che. lokomAM nAresara nAma bolAya che te purANanA nAradIya sarane vadhAre baMdha bese che. mAdalA athavA pANIArI daravAjA bahAra mAdalA taLAva che. ahIM vicitra hAlatamAM dilakhuza bAga che. emAM I.sa. 1802mAM muMbaInA gavarnara mi. DaMkananA mAnamAM eka makAna bAMdhavAmAM AveluM. A bAganuM citra ane aMdaranA makAnanI te vakhatanI sthiti phorbsa (1775-80) potAnA orIenTala meIrsa nAmanA graMthamAM ApeluM che. gaI sadInA madhyamAM brijha lakhe che ke bannenA varNana uparathI uttama mogalAI bAMdhaNanuM makAna samajIne huM dilakhuza bAgamAM gaye, paNa tyAM te pazcimanI DhabanuM e vakhatanA sarjeyara janarala karnala cArlsa renajhanuM For Private and Personal Use Only

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jovAlAyaka sthaLA 152 bAMdheluM makAna dIThuM ane e makAna pAchaLathI darabAra sAhebe kharIdI lIdheluM.6 A makAnane sudharAvI hAla tyAM muslIma DaeNAsTela karavAmAM AvI che. A sivAya khaMbhAtamAM husenI bAga, sTezane jatAM eDavarDa bAga, navA khAga ane traNa mAila dUra nejA gAma che tyAM nAmadAra navAba sAhebanA baMgalA tathA bAga paNa jovAlAyaka che. *teha daravAjA bahAra zaheranI vAyavya dizAmAM eka taLAva che. tyAM eka nAnuM ghara che tene kalyANarAyanA ghara tarIke oLakhAvAya che.7 kADha ane daravAjA khaMbhAtanA kATa jUnA che ane cAra cArasa vAra jamInanI AsapAsa vIMTAelA che. uttaramAM phateha ane pIThanA daravAjA che. pUrvamAM mAdalA, caka ane gavArAnA daravAjA che. A gavArAne daravAjo ane pazcimane purajAnA tathA makkAi daravAje e traNa daravAjA khaMbhAtanA itihAsamAM prasid che. gavArAnI bahAra meTuM bajAra bharAya che. dakSiNanA makAI daravALe pahelAM makkA taraphanAM vahANumAM e daravAjethI javAtuM mATe kahevAtA, ane purajA daravAjo jakAtane mATe hatA. e daravAjAne itihAsa AgaLa joi gayA chIe. pazcime cAkAmalI daravAjo che. zaheranA hAlanA dekhAva ekaMdare sArA ane hiMdamAM sudharelA zaherane zAbe evA che. vaDavA mAdalA taLAvathI AgaLa deDheka mAila dUra vaDavAnI vAva che. uttara gujarAtanI bIjI vAvA jevI e suMdara ane manehara kArIgarIvALI nathI, chatAM sAmAnya rIte meATI vAva che ane rAtA paththarathI bAMdhelI che. A vAva sulatAna mahammada begaDAnA samayamAM baMdhAelI che. vaDavA eTale 'vaTakUpa'. prAcIna hiMdu samayamAM baMdara upara jyAM meTA daMDA upara dhajA pharakatI tene 'Takapa' (big mast) kahetA. e uparathI 'vaDavA' prAkRta thayuM. e jagyAe prAcIna baMdara haze. bhAvanagara pAse paNa e rIte vaDavA che. vAva vi. saM. 1579mAM saMbhALI dhanade lAkakalyANa mATe bAMdhI ene lekha pariziSTamAM ApyA che. 6 ahIM brigjhanI samajamAM kAMIka goTALA samajAya che. (juo Briggs Cities of Gujarashtra pra. 7 ane 8.) khaMbhAtanI AsapAsa ghaNA bhAga hatA ema pUrve AvelA musApharo varNana karI gayA che. kArbsa mi. DaMkana pahelAM vIsa varSa agAu Avele; eTale khrigjha kahe che te makAna phaeNbsinA vakhatamAM nahi hoya, loko kahe che ke mAdalA taLAva upara sAta mALanA mahela hatA te teADI pADavAmAM AvelA che. phrAnksanAM varNanane spriMgsa bahu vajana nathI ApatA. eka jaina maMdirane eNe hiMdu maMdira lakheluM che. brigjha paNa keTalIka evI nAnI bhUleA kare che. A baMne lekhakAe aDhAramI sadInA aMtanuM ane ogaNIsamInA pUrvArdhanA khaMbhAtanuM ekaMdare sArUM varNana ApeluM che ane paradezIonA varNanamAM e baMne sAthI lAMbAM che. mAdalA taLAvanuM pANI kapaDAM dheAvAmAM khAsa vakhaNAya che. cha Bom. Gaz, VI. 240. paraMtu A kayuM taLAva te nAma gejheTIaranA lekhake nathI ApyuM. 8 gejheTIaramAM ApelA A daravAjAmAM pAchaLa kera jaNAya che. eka hakIkatamAM uttaramAM gavArA, kuMteha ane lAla; pUrvamAM pANIArI; dakSiNamAM phurajA ane makAi tathA pazcimamAM cAkAmalI ane mahamadajI ema ATha daravAjA che. dilakhuza bAganuM nAma A hakIkatamAM mAdalA khAga ApyuM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1) zrImad rAjacaMdranuM dhAma (2) vaDavA vAvanI aMdara eka gekhale (3) vaDavA vAva aMdarathI (4) vaDavA vAvane bahArane dekhAva For Private and Personal Use Only

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jovAlAyaka sthaLo 153 jaina maMdire khaMbhAtamAM prathamathI ja jainonI moTI vastI hovAthI e baMdhakAmanI zokhIna ane dhanavAna kome dhaNAM maMdira bAMdhyAM che. prAcIna maMdironuM to Aje kAMi nizAna nathI, paraMtu keTalAMka prAcIna maMdironI pratimAo bhecaraomAM saMbhALapUrvaka rAkhelI che te addabhuta che. pAMca bhoMyarAMvALAM maMdire, uparathI game tevA dekhAva chatAM, khaMbhAtamAM khAsa jovAlAyaka che. AmAM zrI ciMtAmaNI pArzvanAthane jUnA bhoMyarAnA devAlayanuM varNana yuropIya musApharo karI gaelA che. cheka gaI sadInA pUrvArdhanI Akhare Avelo brijha lakhe che ke pArzvanAtha bhecarAvALuM maMdira uparathI sAmAnya ghara jevuM che. bhaiyarAmAM UtaravAnuM kaThaNa che. Aje to A maMdira zikharabaMdha navAM thaelAM che ane bhoMyarAM ajavALAvALAM thayAM che. sAgoTA pADAnuM, rastA uparanAM citAmaNajInAM maMdiro temaja AlIpADAnuM zAMtinAthanuM maMdira jovA jevo che. khaMbhAta sAthe jemanuM nAma joDI bhrama utpanna karyo che evA thAmaNA (yaMbhaNapura)nA zrI staMbhana pArzvanAtha (thAmaNuM pArasanAtha)nI nIlamanI pratimA paNa jovA jevI che. mANekacokamAM AvelA citAmaNI pArzvanAtha ane AdIzvaranA bhoMyarAmAM khaMbhAtanA dhanavAna nI tejapAle, prabhAvaka zrI hIravijaya sUrinA ziSya zrI vijasena sUrine hAthe vi. saM. 16 61mAM pratimAnI pratiSThA karyAno lekha che.10 sAgoTA pADAnuM maMdira traNa daravAjethI thoDe jatAM Ave che. emAM staMbhana pArzvanAthanI moTI pratimA che. A maMdira prAcIna che. AgaLa vahANavaTAnI hakIkatamAM joI gayA e zAha vajiyA ane rAjiyAe vi. saM. 1644mAM A maMdira karAvyuM che ane pratiSThA zrI vijasena sUrinA hAthe thaI che.11 kalAkeraDInuM zAMtinAthajInuM maMdira paNa jovA jevuM che ane jIrAlA pADAnuM ciMtAmaNa pArzvanAthanuM maMdira te khAsa jovA jevuM che.e bhATavADAnA rastA upara AveluM che. pAMca zikharavALuM ane uttama paththaranuM bAMdheluM A devAlaya zeTha popaTabhAI amaracaMde baMdhAvyuM che.12 khaMbhAtanI bahAra vaDavAnI vAva pAse zrI rAyacaMdajInuM dhAma bAMdheluM che. e jagyA zAMta ane uttama che. bIjA hiMdu-musalamAna dhAme khaMbhAtanI pazcime khAjakhadara sAhebanuM purANuM dhAma che. tyAM bhAMgelAM vahANomAMthI bacelA musalamAne bAdhA mUkavA Ave che. nAsara taLAva pAse bAlezA pIranuM moTuM dhAma che, tyAM pAlaNapura bAjunA vahorA (dhAnadAriyA) phAgaNa suda pUname erasa vakhate ekaThA thAya che. pAse AcArya mahAprabhunI 9 Cities of Gujarashtra, Briggs. parvanAthajInI pratimAne brijha bhAva vagaranI (without expression) kahe che. Ama jaina pratimAone ghaNA yuropIya vivecake samajavAmAM bhUla kare che, kemake e lokene dhyAnamudrAnuM bhAna hotuM nathI. 10 khaMbhAtane itihAsa ane caitya pariTI pR. 46. 11 e ja, pR. para. 12 e ja, pR. 55-56. khaMbhAtano itihAsa ane caitya paripATI e nAmanuM laghu purataka citya vyavasthApaka kamiTie chapAveluM che, jenone yAtrA mATe A pustaka upayogI haze. emAM khaMbhAtamAM AvelAM bAvana jaina maMdiro tathA pratimAonI saMkhyA sAthe TUMka varNana sAthe ApeluM che paraMtu enI goThavaNI evI che ke jainetarane emAM samajaNa ochI paDe. khaMbhAtanA jaina samAjanA hevAla emAM DIka Ape che te jene IcchA hoya teNe joI le. For Private and Personal Use Only

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154 jovAlAyaka sthaLe beThaka che. khaMbhAta pAse pIra abu tAleba sAhebano roje che. e sAheba pIrANAnA ImAmuddIna sAhebanA vaMzane lagabhaga 75 thI 80 varSa upara khaMbhAta AvelA. emanAM strI khaMbhAtamAM daMtArA vADAmAM rahetAM hatAM. abu tAba sAhebanuM bharaNu khaMbhAtamAM thayuM. emane urasa varasamAM be vakhataeka hoLI upara ane bIje musalamAna tArIkha pramANe ujavAya che. A rojAmAM I.sa. 1906mAM dhoLakAnA saiyadAe lUMTa karI Aga lagADI mAlamattA lUMTI lIdhI hatI. A sadInI zarUAtamAM siyadAno rAsaDe gujarAtamAM gheraghera gavAte temAM enI vikarALa mudrA, karatA ane khaMbhAtanI jela toDIne te nAThe vagere gavAtuM. kAkA kelA khaMbhAtathI traNa mAIla dUra kAkA kelAnI kabara che. kAkA kelA ane emanI strI kAkI kelI khaMbhAta pAse khetaramAM kAma karatAM hatAM e vakhate arabastAnathI mullA abadullA nAmane mANasa Avyo ane emanI pAse pIvA mATe pANI mAgyuM. kUvAmAM pANI hatuM nahi tethI kAkAe ApyuM nahi. abadullAe je kAkA musalamAna thAya te kUvAmAM pANI lAvavA kahyuM ane tIra mArI pANI kADhayuM. kAkA ane kAkI A camatkAra joI musalamAna thayAM. e pachI lagabhaga ghaNuM hiMduo musalamAna thayA, e vahorA kahevAyA. ra60 ratala janoI e vakhate UtarI ema kahevAya che. kAkAnI kabara khaMbhAta pAse vahorAonuM moTuM dhAma gaNAya che.13 khaMbhAtathI dUra AvelAM sthaLe khaMbhAtanI pazcime jUnuM baMdara ane dIvAdAMDI hatI ema kahevAya che. AgaLa thoDA mAIla che. vaDUcI mAtAnuM sthAna Ave che.14 skaMdapurANanI vyakSiNI devI te A varI mAtA. AgaLa jatAM sAbaramatI saMgama najIkamAM vaDagAma pAse boranA TekarAo pAse dariyAmAM dhanakA tIrtha che tyAM dara 26 varSe dariyAnuM pANI khasI jAya che ane aMdarathI zivaliMga nIkaLe che. vaDagAmathI che mAila pANImAM javAnuM che. A mUrti chellI saM. 1979mAM dekhAI hatI. dariyAmAM eka gaMgavo kuvo che enuM pANI mIThuM che. khaMbhAtanI AsapAsanAM sthaLomAM guDela gAma pAse lUNezvara mahAdeva jovAlAyaka che. peTalAdathI khaMbhAtanI hadamAM pesatAM tArApura nAmanuM moTuM gAma Ave che. khaMbhAta rAjyanuM e moTuM gAma che. kArtikeyaskaMde e jagyAe tArakAsura daityano vadha karyo ethI tArakapura tArApura nAma paDayuM ema kahevAya che. gAmamAM daityano Tekaro batAvavAmAM Ave che. khaMbhAtane sAme kinAre mahI nadIne tIre kAvI tIrtha jovAlAyaka che. purANamAM ene kumArikA kSetramAM gaNyuM che. purANamAM cheka amadAvAda pAsenA gatrADanAM gametrADezvarI mAtAnuM varNana kumArikA kSetramAM Ave che, paraMtu e badhAM sthAna khaMbhAta saMsthAnanI sImAnI bahAra hoI ahIM varNananI jarUra nathI. 13 koI kAkA kelAne badale kAkA akelA-ekalA hatA tethI-kahe che, A daMtakathAne vadhAre AdhAranI jarUra che. kahe che ke raoNyala eziyATika sosAeTImAM A bAbatanA ahevAlavALI copaDI che. paNa A lakhatI vakhate te jovAmAM AvI nathI. 14 vaDucI mAtAnuM sthaLa gUjarAtamAM sAbaramatIne kAMThe pIpaLaja gAmamAM paNa che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAramuM hAlane samaya ane nAmadAra navAba sAheba bahAduranI abhilASAo oo samI sadInA pahelA pAdano aMta bhAgamAM AkhA jagatane mATe evo samaya Avyo ke a dareka dezanA rAjakIya, Arthika ane sAmAjika ItihAsamAM Devadhato phera paDe ja. I.sa. 1914mAM zarU thaelA yuropIya mahAyude cha varSamAM evI to bhAre asara karI ke tenA bharatIoTanI paraMparAmAM sapaDAeluM vizvanuM rAjakIya ane Arthika vahANa hajI sudhI paNa chUTayuM nathI. ApaNA dezamAM paNa enI asare sArA pramANamAM thaI che. khaMbhAtanA ItihAsamAM I. sa. 1915thI te 1930 sudhI A saMkrAMtisamaya briTiza sarakAra taraphathI nImAelA amaladArenA vahIvaTamAM gaye te AgaLa joI gayA. ' vAvAjhoDAmAMthI pasAra thaI baMdare sahIsalAmata AvatA vahANane levA ne vadhAvavA tene mAlika jAya tema vizvavigrahathI utpanna thaelA Arthika vAvAjhoDAmAMthI pAra utarI AvelA rAjyanA vahANane levA I.sa. 1930nA DiseMbaranI 13mI tArIkhe hAlanA nAmadAra navAba sAheba husenayAvarakhAna sAheba bahAdura saMpUrNa utsAhathI AgaLa AvyA. e tArIkhe e nAmadAra saMpUrNa sattA sAthe takhtanazIna thayA. nAmadAra navAba sAhebano janma I.sa. 1911nA menI 16mI tArIkhe thayo hato. emanA rAjakuTuMbanI rIta pramANe u6 vagere keLavaNI laIne teo rAjakoTa rAjakumAra kolejamAM abhyAsa mATe I.sa. 1928nA eprila sudhI rahIne potAnA zikSaka sAthe IMglaDa padhAryA, ane tyAM eka varSa rahI svadeza pAchA AvI 1930nA DiseMbaranI 13mI tArIkhe takhtanazIna thayA. takhtanazIna thayA pachI ekabe varSamAM ja nAmadAra navAba sAhebe dareka khAtAnA vahIvaTamAM evI to jhINavaTa ane utsAha batAvyAM ke rAjyane hAlanAM sudharelAM saMsthAno sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya teve samaya pAse lAgavA mAMDayo. briTiza hiMdanA vahIvaTamAM avanavA sudhArA karavAnuM kArya keTalAka samayathI cAlI rahyuM che temAM dezI rAjyo paNa bhAga le ema karyuM che. te mATenI eka kamiTI (States Enquiry Committee) IMgleMDathI nIbhAI A samayamAM ja AvI. te pahelAM dezI rAjyoe briTiza hiMda sAthenA pheDarezanamAM joDAvuM ke nahi tenI vATAghATa karavA mATe hiMdanA pATanagara 1 Cambay Administration Report 1931-32.p. 2. khaMbhAta rAjayanI mulAkAta muMbaInA gavarnara ane vAIsaraoNya baMne laI zake che ane 11 topanuM mAna apAya che. 2 A tArIkha aMgrejI tArIkha . tA. 16mI sapTembara 1933nA TAImsa saplimenTanA aMkamAMthI lIdhelI che. dezI tArIkhamAM tA. 17 jamAdIula avvala mahine Ave che. 3 TAImsa saplimenTa-16 sapTembara 1933. For Private and Personal Use Only

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1pa6 hAlane samaya ane nAmadAra navAba sAheba bahAduranI abhilASAo dilhImAM narendra maMDaLanI sabhAomAM nAmadAra navAba sAhebe ghaNA rasapUrvaka bhAga lIdhela ane kamiTI AgaLa paNa khaMbhAta rAjyanA hakka sArI rIte jaLavAya evI darakhAsto mUkI. AvA samayamAM dI. bA. narmadAzaMkarabhAI jevA siddhahasta ane kAryakuzaLa puruSanI dIvAnapada upara nimaNuka karI e ja nAmadAra navAba sAhebanI dIrdhadaSTi ane phateha siddha kare che. gAdIe AvatAM ja nAmadAra navAba sAheba bahAdure rAjyamAM sArA ane upayogI rAjakIya sudhArA (healthy and useful reforms) dAkhala karavAnI jAhera abhilASA batAvI. pradhAna maMDaLa sAthe jokhamadAra taMtra (Join Cabinet responsibility) jevuM taMtra zarU karyuM ane e taMtranuM zubha pariNAma AvyuM che ema kahevAya che. khaMbhAta baMdara vadhAravA mATe Aja sudhI je je thayuM che te joI gayA. nAmadAra navAba sAhebe baMdarane hAlanI Dhaba pramANe moTI sTImaro najIka AvI zake tevI rIte sudhAravA bhAre kharca karIne moTo prayatna karyo che ane baMdara mATe eozrInI abhilASAo baMdara khulluM mUkatI vakhate karelA bhASaNa uparathI jaNAI Ave che. khaMbhAta baMdara enI pUrvanI jAhojalAlImAM Ave e jovAne dareka gUjarAtI abhimAnathI taiyAra haze. Aje khaMbhAta rAjya nAmadAra navAba sAheba bahAduranA amalamAM eka sudharelA rAjyanI mAphaka pragati karatuM jAya che. nAmadAra navAba sAheba bahAduramAM temanA pitAnA badhA guNo che. eozrI zAMta ane utsAhI che; svabhAve maLatAvaDA che; prajAnI dareka jAtane samAna daSTithI jovAno emane siddhAnta che. prajA sukhI thAya ane khaMbhAtanI samRddhi tathA AbAdI vadhe e eozrIne rAjyaamalanuM mukhya dhyeya che ane e abhilASa pUrNa thAya evAM cihno eozrInA Aja sudhInA vahIvaTamAM dekhAI Ave che. gUjarAtanuM A prAcIna baMdara enI asalanI khyAtimAM pharI Ave evI dareka gujarAtInI paNa zubha abhilASA che. 4 Cambay Administration Report 1931-32. P. 3-4. A dara khAromAM (1) rA 21924nI vAka khaMDa rada karavI. (2) mIThuM pakavavAnAhakanI rakamamAM sudhAre karavo agara mIThuM pakavavAnI bUTa ApavI. (3) baMdaranI khIlavaNImAM saMpUrNa Te. (4) calaNI nANAMne lagatA karAra pharI sudhAravA. 5 e ja pR. 3. A bAbatanI vigata 1932 pachInA rIporTamAM Avaze ema majakura perTamAM jaNAveluM che. sudhArAmAM A paheluM pagathiyuM che ema kahe che. 6 sulehanA hakka pramANe khaMbhAta baMdarane briTiza baMdara jevA badhA haka hatA ane te mujaba kAma cAlu thayuM; paraMtu 1933nI 8mI eprile hiMdI sarakAranA nANAMkhAtAe khaMbhAta baMdarane paradezI baMdara tarIke jAhera karI jAnA hakka baMdha karyA ane jakAtanAM nAkAM besADavAM. A mATe darabAra taraphathI hiMdI sarakArane asalanI zaratonI rUIe jAnA haka kAyama rAkhavA mATe hakIkata raju karavAmAM AvelI che. haju sudhI pariNAma AvyuM nathI. vigata mATe jue TAImsa saplimenTa tA. 16 saM'Tebara 1933 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mA tArA ja karavAnA kAmakAja tivara kAranI vAta che. ja vAMka ne ka - karI nI A ja ne mAra | | : ka F S S " karI che. Illi nI Tii 12 ( karo 1 . A kI zAka sa . | che ke ] A kone kI A ka karI ne kola karI che na ka ka ma re! mAre ra ka o ja . relI mAM thI ja lai | kAla nA che . i s li mAM nI re ka - - jItI . mane - che. karI vAta ja na kA . . . 1 mino ne che " ( joke |ii T[i | ga 1 mI . nI - mAM nI ya che. thI | ETii . pa . . ja mAM che che ke jo sAra para ja phoka kare che. kadara kI mune ! kAkI no che kAma karavAnuM kAma . mA ja kAna che. E - - - yAkura maMjhila (nAmadAra navAba sAhebano baMgala) For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTA

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pariziSTa che khaMbha-staMbhatIrtha, liMgapUjA ane lATa deza e bhAta-khaMbhAyata nAma staMbhatIne badale staMbhatIrtha uparathI nIkaLyuM che, e gayA prakaraNamAM joyuM. 1 kuMbha ane staMbhano artha thAMbhalo ja thAya che. vidvAna hemacaMdra karelA vikalpanA AdezathI taMbhatIrtha uparathI sAkSAta ja khaMbhAinthanuM rUpa upajAve che.1 DaeN. bulara staMbhatIrtha nAma yathArtha mAne che. paraMtu khaMbhAtamAM AvelA staMbhezvaranuM zivaliMga khaMbhAta nAmanuM kAraNa mAnI taMbha sAthe meLa meLavavAmAM guMcAya che. A viSaya upara jeTalI carcA vidvAnomAM thaI che e badhA , zivano paryAya taMbha zabda koi paNa sapramANa lekha ke prathamAM na hovAthI khaMbhamAMthI khaMbhAta nAma svIkAratAM khacakAya che. 3 paraMtu nAma eTaluM to sUcave che ke staMbha ke staMbha game temAMthI nAma thayuM hoya; chatAM tene zivanA khaMbhAkAra svarUpa sAthe kAMIka saMbaMdha che. DaeN. bulara zivanuM nAma sthANu che ane ene artha thAMbhalo thAya che e uparathI zivanuM evA svarUpamAM liMga khaMbhAtamAM hovAnuM dhAre che. khaMbhAta nAma, daMbha-staMbha ane vaiyAkaraNe khaMbhAtanA taMbhatIrtha nAmanA ullekha pahelAM ane prAkRta svarUpa khaMbhAyata be sadIothI vaparAtuM hatuM e joyuM. hemacaMdrAcArye emanuM vyAkaraNa racyuM te pahelAM paNa khaMbhAtanuM prAkRta nAma doDhathI be sadIothI vaparAtuM hatuM ane khaMbhAta samRddha baMdara hatuM, ema ArabonA ullekhathI siddha thAya che. hemacaMdranA samaya pahelAM ghaNI sadIothI saMskRta bhASA bolAtI bhASA tarIke baMdha thaI hatI. 4 eTale khaMbha zabda uparathI khaMbhAyata upajAvavuM vadhAre kudaratI lAge che; chatAM e vaidika zabda koI kAraNathI sUrijInA khyAlamAM na Avyo hoya ema saMbhave. 5 eTale ta na 3 ane 5 ne vikalpa khaMbhAyata nAmanA prAcIna cAlyA AvatA prayogane paNa lagADo hoya. e jAtanA vaikalpika AdezamAM, bolAtI bhASA sivAya koI khAsa niyama hoto nathI. dAkhalA tarIke ta nA amuka arthanA zabdomAM tha ja 1 vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI carcA saM. 1969-70nA "vasaMtamAM ane 1915nA "buddhiprakAzamAM zrI narasiMharAvabhAI ane sI, DI. dalAla vacce cAlelI te joI levI. ahIM zrI narasiMharAvabhAIne mata mAnya rAkhelo che. 2 khaMbhAta gejhaTIara (muMbAI gejhaTIara bhAga 6, pR. 211-12). 3 zrI narasiMharAvabhAI kharI zaMkA kare che ke hAla khaMbhAtamAM zivanuM maMdira che mATe vizeSaka lakSaNa tarIke e uparathI gAmanuM nAma na paDe. zivamaMdire te badhe che. eTale e nAma paDavAnuM kAraNa prAcIna ane UMDuM che e batAvavAne A pariziSTane hetu che; paraMtu kAraNa to kuMbha ja che. 4 upara jaNAvelI carcAmAM zrI narasiMharAvabhAIne mata, prAkRta bhASA paNa vedasamaya jeTalI jUnI che e keTalAka bhASAzAstrone mata che. 5 A bAbatamAM zrI narasiMharAvabhAI lakhe che ke: "bAkI e to kharuM ja ke khaMbha rUpa thavAmAM tana 'ta'kArane khare saMbaMdha nahi ja hoya, kuMbhanA ja dvArA ja e vikalpa utpanna thaelo. paraMtu e tAratamya hemacaMdra lAdhavA ke game te kAraNathI tacha daIne tanA vaikalpika Adeze mUkIne eka sUtra karyuM haze." "vasaMtamAM AvelI carcA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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160 pariziSTa thAya che ane amuka arthanA zabdomAM vikalpa thAya che evA Adeza che. je ApaNe gUjarAtImAM thara zabda bolIe chIe tenuM saMskRta stara che. paraMtu teno vikalpa ra thato nathI. kadAca e niyama karanArane khara zabdano artha nathI haze. sthANu nuM thANu ane khANa rUpa bane che. 7 paNa zivanA arthamAM to che ja thAya, huM nahi ema Adeza che. staMbha ane staMbhano artha eka ja che tethI vikalpane saraLatA maLI che ema lAge che. paraMtu kuMbha uparathI mULa khaMbha zabda banelo ane e vaidika zabda lupta thavAthI ane arthanuM sAmya hovAthI rtama nA ta no vikalpa yojAyo haze. thaMbha-khaMbha ane hiMdanI prAMtabhASAo A bAbatanI vizeSa mAhitI hiMdustAnanI bIjI prAMtabhASAomAM staMbha mATe vaparAtA zabdo ane enA artho uparathI maLe che. gUjarAtImAM thaMbha-thAMbhalo ane khaMbha bane che, paraMtu gharamAM TekAnA staMbhane thAMbhalA ja kahe che. khaMbha zabda lokabhASAmAM bahu vaparAto nathI. mAtra enuM nAnuM svarUpa karI pALIAne khAMbhI kahe che. marAThImAM rataMbhane khAMbha kahe che. mAravADI, kacchI, siMdhI ane paMjAbImAM thaMbhA ja kahe che. baMgALImAM thAma vaparAya che. paNa khAma zabda gUjarAtImAM khaMbhanI peThe ocho vaparAto che kharo. jAmanagaranuM khabhALIA khaMbha zabda uparathI che. tenA ISTadeva khAmanAtha mahAdevamAM khAma zabda A arthamAM khAsa sUcaka che. eDhiyA bhASAmAM staMbhane khuMTa kahe che ane gujarAtImAM khIlIne khuMTI kahe che, ane khUTa zabda bIjA arthamAM paNuM kAMika nAnA svarUpamAM sarakhA arthamAM che ema kahI zakAya.hiMdI bhASAmAM "khaMbhA" zabda vadhAre vaparAya che. A zabdane mATe kharI dizA to drAviDI bhASAo batAve che. telagu bhASAmAM raraphata taMbha zabda vApare che, paNa kaMbhamu zabda paNa che. tAmila bhASAmAM thAMbhalAne tUNa kahe che, te saMskRta dhRNA uparathI che. paraMtu bIjo zabda "kaMbama' che. 8 malayAlama bhASAmAM paNa tAmila pramANe che. kAna DI bhASAmAM "khaMbhA" zabda che. hiMdanI prAMtabhASAomAM tAmila sarvathI jUnI ane saMskRtathI svataMtra che. saMskRtanA zabdo eNe lIdhelA che kharA, paNa taMbha ane kuMbhane sUkSma bheda eNe jALavI rAkhe che. tAmilamAM gharanA TekAnA thAMbhalA mATe tUrNa zabda vaparAya che; bama zabda koIne TekavyA vagara UbhelA thAMbhalA mATe vaparAya che.tArano thAMbhalo ke jenA upara ghara ke pATaDo Tekavelo nathI tene, agara jamInamAM khullo thAMbhalo hoya tene kaMm kahe che. lAThI-lAkaDI paNa kaMbam zabdano artha che. rastA upara cina tarIke mUkelA nAnA thAMbhalAne paNa kaMbama kahe che. dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM e che ke kaMbanuM zabda lUNa-staMbhanI peThe Teko ApanAra arthamAM kadI vaparAto nathI; paNa tRNa staMbha ane kaMbama banne arthamAM vaparAya che. gUjarAtImAM gharamAM pATaDA nIcenA thAMbhalAne khaMbha kahetA nathI, paNa thAMbhalo agara thaMbha zabda dareka arthamAM vaparAya che. A batAvI Ape che ke kaMbama ane khaMbha zabdanuM mULa eka che ane jamInamAM 6 siddha haima 8-2-8mAM uMnA prakaraNamAM A sUtra che. temAM spaSTa lakhe che ke A vikalpa taMbhane artha thAMbhale thAya tyAre ja karavAno. te pachInA eTale 8-2-9 atramAM lakhe che ke mitra vRtta rtama svastha tha mavata: | eTale staMbhane artha aTakAvavuM-gati na hevI- be thAya tyAre thato nathI paNa meM ane 3 thAya che. A uparathI vikapa kevI rIte thayA che te samajA che. eTale bhASAmAM kuMbhanuM prAkRta rUpa khaMbha ravataMtra cAlu haze, ane enuM mULa saMskRta lupta jevuM thavAthI cAlu saMskRta zabda rtama uparathI vikalpa karavo paDA haze. 7 vadhu jANavA mATe juo Dita bahecaradAsabhAInuM prAkRta vyAkaraNa ane pAIasa mahaNaNa.' 8 jabImAM khaMbha zabda che. paraMtu ApaNI peThe bahu vaparAzamAM nathI. tAmilamAM mULAkSara ochA hovAthI ka, kha, ga, gha ne badale eka ja akSara lakhAya-elAya che. e ja pramANe pa, pha, ba, bha mATe samajavuM. eTale khaMbhamanuM kaMbam vaparAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 31 161 sIdhA UbhelA svataMtra staMbhane ja khaMbha ke kaMbham ke kaMbama kahevAya che. 9 dika staMbha vaidika sAhityamAM staMbhane badale khaMbha zabda vAparelo che. enA paryAya tarIke staMbha zabda ja mukAya che. e zabda jyAM vaparAyo che tyAM upara lakhe tevA arthamAM vaparAya che. pATaDo TekavanAra thAMbhalo evo artha nIkaLato nathI. 10 je AdhAra Ape te badhA thAMbhalA e sAmAnya arthamAM ane zabda eka hoya te vAta judI che. ApaNe to e paryAya zabdonA arthanI sUkSmatAne ja vicAra ahIM karIe chIe; ane e arthamAM staMbhane artha zivaliMga thAya ke nahi te jovAnuM che. atharvavedamAM skubha vedamAM khaMbha zabda sAmAnya khaMbhanA arthamAM che (caMbha nahi). paraMtu atharvavedamAM ene sauthI moTA devanuM11-jagadAdhAranuM svarUpa prApta thAya che. ene brahma, sanAtanatama deva vagere kahe che. ekadama khaMbha-sAdA khullA thAMbhalAmAMthI sarvathI meTA devanuM svarUpa kyAMthI AvI gayuM e gucave evI bInA che. kuMbha eTale staMbha ane e dareka vastune AdhAra Ape che tethI vizvane AdhAra ApanAra paramAtmA, e lAkSaNika arthathI staMbhanA arthano staMbha ema ekAeka to banI zake nahi. khaMbha-jene ApaNe gUjarAtImAM have "khaMbha" agara khullo thAMbhalo kahIzuM-nI enA sthULa svarUpamAM pUjA ghaNuM lAMbA samayathI thatI hevI joIe ane tene pariNAme ene sanAtanatama deva tarIke vedamAM sthAna maLeluM hovuM joIe. atharvavedamAM uparokta kuMbhasUktamAM lAkSaNika dRSTie to paurANikoe zivane je mahezvaranuM rUpa ApeluM tevuM rUpa ApeluM jaNAya che. paraMtu ekalo lAkSaNika artha kAmamAM Ave nahi. e sUktanA eka maMtramAM kuMbhane jalamAM Ubhelo suvarNano vetasa kahyo che. 12 ahIM vetasano sAmAnya artha netaranI lAkaDI e koI paNa rIte besato nathI. e ja maMtramAM ene guhya prajApati kahyo che. AvedanA eka maMtramAM ane zatapatha brANanI urvazInI kathAmAM A zabda liganA 13 arthamAM vaparAya che. 14 eTale atharva 9 A drAviDI bhASAomAM kaMba" agara kaMbham zabda che, paNa enuM mULa tyAM paNa lupta thayuM che, ema e bhASAonA vikAnene pUchatAM samajAyuM che. paraMtu kaMbama zabda ane khaMbhArtha sAmAnya zabdamAM rahelA sUkSma arthabheda e bhASAoe sArI rIte jALavI rAkhyA che. ema kahevAya che ke tAmIlamAM eka kavie kaMbhara nAmanuM kAvya lakhyuM che. kavinuM bIjuM nAma paNa e ja hatuM ane e parama zivabhakta hatA. eNe kAvyanuM ane pitAnuM e nAma ISTadeva uparathI pADavuM ema lakhyuM che. je A vAta kharI hoya to prAcIna tamilamAM kaMbama zabda zivanA arthamAM manAto hoya. jo ke atyAre zivaliMganA arthamAM koI mAnatuM nathI. A lakhatI vakhate e kAvya jovaDAvI A bAbatanI khAtarI huM karI zakyo nathI. malayAlama bhASAmAM kaMbamano eka artha mazAla paNa thAya che. 10 veda 8-41-10 || 1-34-2o 4-13-5 |. 11 atharvaveda saMhitA, kAM. 10, sa. 7 ane 8. ma ti sanAtanatame seva brahmomUtaH AThamA sUktamAM sanmane taA OAthe brahmaNe nama: ema lakhyuM che. 12 atharva. 10-7-41. co tala thi tiSyanta sannei veDhA na guhya: prajJApatiH | 13 have pachI tyAM liga agara liMgapUjA zabda ekalo vAparyo che tyAM ene artha zizna athavA ziznapUjA (Phallus worship) e karavo. zivanA liga mATe liga zabda jayAM vAparyo che tyAM zivaliga ema spaSTa lakhyuM che. 14 juo kada, 10-95-4 ane 5; zatapatha brAhmaNa 11-5-1-1, niha 3-21 pramANe cAne mata lakhe che ke: For Private and Personal Use Only

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162 pariziSTa vede kuMbhane ApeluM sarvazreSTha devanuM svarUpa, tene mATe vAparela prajApati zabda, ane liMganA arthamAM vAparelo vetasa zabda-je netara karatAM maMtrArthamAM vadhAre baMdha bese che-e badhuM bhane zivanA jyotirmaya liMganA arthamAM levA mATe vidvAnone prere che. staMbha ane liMgapUjA AmAMthI bIja prazna utpanna thAya che. eka to ThaMbhano zivanA liMga sAthe saMbaMdha kevo ane kevI rIte thayo? bIjuM svataMtra liMgapUjA (Phallus worship)no daMbha ane zivaliMga sAthe kAMi saMbaMdha haze? trIjuM svataMtra liMgapUjAne staMbha pUjA sAthe saMbaMdha haze ke nahi? ane e bannene kuMbha ane zivaliMgapUjA sAthe saMbaMdha thayo haze ke nahi? A praznone lIdhe duniyAnA prAcIna samAjamAM svataMtra liMgapUja (Phallus worship) ane staMbha pUjA kevI hatI tene TUMkAmAM vicAra karavo paDaze. svataMtra ligapUjA ghaNA prAcIna kALamAM duniyAnA ghaNA bhAgamAM hatI. 15 eno zivapUjA ane zivanA ligamAM adhyArepa kayAre ane kevI rIte thayo e nakkI karavuM bahu muzkela che.16 bhUmadhya samudranA kinArAthI hiMdanI pUrve AvelA dezo sudhI e pUjA athavA emAMthI nIkaLelI anya pUjAono pracAra hato. vedamAM liMgane pUjanArAonI niMdA karelI che. 17 eTale vaidika Aryono keTaloka bhAga agara pUjaka e pUjAne dhikkAratA hatA ema samajAya che. mehena je DerAmAMthI je liga nIkaLyAM che te jotAM ane ene samaya vicAratAM vaidaka samayanI lagabhaga hiMdustAnamAM Arya nahi to bIjI koI jAti liMgapUjA karatI ema spaSTa thAya che. 18 AthI ema paNa kahI zakAya ke hiMdustAnamAM liMgapUjA AryothI svataMtra ane kadAca emanA hiMdamAM AvatAM pahelAMnI hoya. paraMtu hiMdamAM enI utpatti kevI rIte ane kayAre thaI e jaNAtuM nathI. liga pratIkamAM hAlanI mAphaka koI paNa vakhate alIlatAno khyAla pUjanArAone Avyo hoya ema siddha thayuM nathI. pazcima eziyAnA dezomAM pUjA ane enuM mULa pazcima eziyAthI hiMda sudhInA bhAgamAM pUjAtA ghaNuM devo ane devIomAM liMganI bhAvanA mULarUpe hatI. e kAraNathI e badhA devone mUrta svarUpa staMbhamAM maLatuM. staMbha bhUmimAM Urdhva-Ubhe rUpa vaitara rUti putranananati nim | sAyaNa tino haMsa: kuMvyAcanAma che A hiradyamaya vetasa zabda saMvedamAM 4-58-5mAM kRtavanA sUktamAM Ave che. e sUktamAM deva saMbaMdhI goTALe ja che. chevaTa vRtadeva gaNe che. AkhA satane kharo artha samajAya tevo nathI (obscure che). sAyaNAcAryane mata pAzcAtya vidvAne svIkAratA nathI. sAyaNa hiraNyavetasano artha asaMbhava ami eTale vidyuta evo kare che, paraMtu te baMdha nathI besato. dhRtanA pUramAM hiradyavetasa UbhuM che ema maMtra kahe che. pAzcAtya vidvAno kAMI khulAso karatA nathI. paraMparA lupta thavAthI artha lupta thayo jaNAya che. eTale atharvavedanA hiratasa sAthe ene kAMi saMbaMdha hoya to vadhu zodhakhALathI prakAza paDe. 94 Phallism by E.S. Hartland. Enc. of Rel. and Ethics IX. 815-831. 19 W. Crooke: Hinduism. Enc. Rel. Ethics VI. P. 700. "The origin of the cult in India is obscure." 17 riAnnavA : . 7-24-5. A maMtramAM upathane pUjanArAone pAse na AvavA devA IMdrane stave che ane bIjAmAM IMdra zinane pUjanArAonuM zahera jItI laI tenI samRddhi laI lIdhAnuM lakhe che. 18 Marshall: Mohenjo Daro. pp. 58-63. ene samaya I.sa. pUrve 3000 varSa pahelAM gaNAya che. pR. 55mAM lakhe che ke avazeSomAMthI jaDelI marti e aitihAsika ziva pahelAMnA prAgaitihAsika rivanI mUrti haze. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa gra 163 rahe che tethI e liMganuM-ziznanuM pratIka manAvA lAge. pazcima eziyAnA dezomAM koI devane Urva agara TaTAra erect, high, evAM vizeSaNe lagADelAM bhaNatAM to enuM mULa liMganI bhAvanAmAM manAtuM. 19 keTalIka vAra bhinnabhinna devenuM staMbhAkAramAM pUjana thatuM to keTalIkavAra eka ja devatAnuM pazcima eziyAnA judAjudA dezomAM jude jude nAme pUjana thatuM.20 paraMtu e badhAne AkAra staMbha svarUpa ja hato. esIriyA ane aibilonamAM taMbha pUjA bahu jUnI hatI. tyAMnI "azi (Ashirtu) nAmanI devatAnuM pUjana, ane e devatAnuM phIniziyA ane dakSiNe arabastAnamAM "athirata" (Athirat) nAmathI thatuM pUjana saMbhAkAra mUrtithI thatuM. 21 uttara semeTika pradezanI peThe dakSiNa semeTika pradeza eTale arabastAnanI AsapAsanA bhAgamAM paNa ApaNA staMbhanI mAphaka e zabda (thirat) prathama staMbhanA arthamAM ane pachI devanA arthamAM vaparAvA mAMDayo. 22 staMbhanAM e dezenAM upara jaNAvelAM nAmomAM ceDA thoDA pheraphAra mAluma paDe che. hibru ane phiniziyana bolImAM ene "AzerA" (Asherah) paNa kahe che. A "AzerAnI re pAtaLA staMbha jevI hatI ane enA upara koI vAra bAlacaMdranI kalA ane koI vAra sUrya jevuM biMba karatA. hibru lokamAM staMbha saMpradAya (cult of post) hato ane e koI vAra manuSyAkRti ane koIvAra liMga (zizna)nI AkRtimAM pUjatA.23 keTalAka pAzcAtya lekhakenuM mAnavuM che ke hiMduonI zivaliMgapUjA svataMtra staMbha pUjAmAMthI AvI hoya. pachI te vedanA yajJane staMbha ke drAviDI lokanI staMbha pUjA e nakkI thaI zakatuM nathI.24 A mata dharAvanAra eka lekhaka kahe che ke svataMtra staMbha pUjAnuM kAMI pramANu Aje hiMdustAnamAM maLatuM nathI. A bAbatamAM e lekhakano keTaloka bhrama che. staMbha pUjA zivaliMgapUjAmAM evI to otaprota thaI gaI che ke svataMtra purAvA Aje na maLe. chatAM evI pUjA hatI eTaluM nakkI karavA purato pUrAvo to maLaze ane enI carcA ApaNe AgaLa karIzuM. eka lekhaka kahe che ke hiMdamAM azma (paththara) jude jude svarUpe pUjAya che. sAmAnya paththarathI mAMDI kotarelA staMbhanI pUjA thAya che. e rItanA staMbha ke evA AkAranI prAcIna amapUjAne pAchaLathI 1 ml: Poles & Posts: G.A. Barton: Enc. Rel. & Ethics X. 91-98; Westroph: Ancient Symbolism and Phallus worship; W. Crooke: Hinduism, Enc. Rel. & Ethics VI. 700. 20 Westropp: Ancient Symbol Worship and Influence of Phallic Idea etc. 21 Poles & Posts: by G.A. Barton: Enc. of Religion & Ethics Vol. X. pp. 91-98. 22 e ja. e lekhaka eka lekhamAM lakhe che ke khAsa karIne arabastAnamAM IslAmanA pahelAMnI mUrtipUjAnA avazene IslAmanA pracAra pachI e bhAre nAza thayo che ke mUrtionA svarUpa mATe sAhityanA ullekha sivAya pUla AdhAra kavacita ja maLe. 23 e ja pR. 94. lekhaka kahe che ke arabastAnanI peThe e devadevInA svarUpamAM manAvA lAgyo. paraMtu A badhAmAM te samayamAM arthanI gUMcavaNa evI hatI ke zemAMthI zenuM svarUpa thayuM te samajAtuM nathI. paraMtu badhAnI mUrti staMbhAkAra hatI. It is probable that wherever the name of post became the name of a divinity, it was because of such confusion, but it is certain that among the Amorites and in Arabia the name of the post passed into the name of a goddess, and it is quite possible that it was so in Israel. A gUMcavaNa hibru mATe haze. 24 e ja pU. 94, staMbha pUjAnA zivaliMga sAthe zuM saMbaMdha e carcA AgaLa karIzuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa ai 164 svayaMbhU zivaliMga tarIke mAnavA lAgyA.25 dakSiNa hiMdamAM koipaNa deva eka paththaranA staMbha Ubhe! DarIne pUjAte. khetara ane gAmanI hadda tarIke vaparAtA nAnA staMbhAkAra patharA kSetrapAla tarIke pRnatA. prAcIna arabastAnamAM evA paththaronAM pUjana thatAM. 26 AkhI semAiTa (Semites) prazna staMbha UbhA karI dhRjavA mATe ANItI hatI. 27 kenAnAiTa pradezenA dareka maMdiramAM staMbha (Asherah)nI pUjA e mukhya vastu hatI. 28 meAhena je DerAnI zeAdheAthI siddha thayuM che ke eka dharma na mAnIe te devadevI ane pUjavidhienI eka prakAranI samAnatA hiMdanA pazcimabhAgathI zarU thai ijiptamAM nAila nadInA pradeza sudhI hatI. 29 'masebetha' (massebhoth) agara ArakhAne massebhah e liMgA gharanA nAnA staMbha jevA paththaro che. phiniziyanA dareka maMdiramAM enI pRnna karatA. 30 sIriyAmAM (ArameniyA) 'haddAdda' (Hadad) nAmanA devanI meATI pUrjA thatI. 31 AsapAsanA dezamAM paNa e pUnnatA. 32 e detranuM varNana ApaNA rudra zivane maLatuM Ave che. ArameniyanenI vRdghananI vastuomAM kANAkAranA paththaro vaparAtA hatA. 'hadAda'nA eka lekhamAM kahyuM che ke Arameniyane pUjanamAM staMbha (nesib)ne upayAga karatA. khInna lekhamAM 'mokhAha' (massebhah)nA upayAganuM lakhyuM che ane e paNa staMbha (stele)nA arthamAM vAparyAM che.33 ijipta vagere dezeAmAM 'haramIsa' (Hermes) nAme deva sarahada vagerenA deva tarIke gaNAtA ane e staMbhAkAre pUjAte. enuM varNana keTaleka aMze 25 jue Stones: by Hartland, Crooke, Barton ane Gardner. A lekhakeAnA azpapUjA upara Enc. of Religion and EthicsmAM ApeleA nibaMdha, 26 e ja pR. 876, 27 e ja pR. 879-880: "The Semites were among the most assiduous raisers of 'Pillars' in the ancient world . . . . But it is as sacred stones-signs, representation or habitations of deity that pillars are of the most conspicuous importance among the Semites.' 28 Enc. Bri. Phoenicia, P. 456. emAM lekhaka kahe che ke maMdiranA ceAkamAM staMbha khAsa rakhAtA, para Mtu kenAnAITa pradeze| (eziyA mAinAranA keTalAka prAcIna bhAgeA)mAM enuM pUjana ceAsa thatuM. 29 Sir John Marshall: Mohenjo Daro. P. 5o. 30 Phoenicians: Enc. of Rel. & Ethics pp. 887-897. by Lewis Bayles. emane kenAnAITa praznamAM samAveza thAya che. A lekhamAM AsherahnuM nAma Ashtart ApyuM che jene arabImAM nAkha (Nush) kahe che. Nesib paNa e ja aryamAM che. nazakhanA artha paNa staMbha che. AzerAnA artha pAchaLa joyA che. kahe che ke AshtartnA mAnamAM kuMvArI ane paraNelI strIe pAtAnI pavitratAneA bhaMga kare che. A bInA A rastaMbhAkAra devInuM mULa ziznapUjA Phallus worshipmAM che ema batAve che. A devInuM eka birUda Elot che ane ene ArabanI ala lAta nAmanI devatA sAthe saMbaMdha hovAnuM jaNAve che. ala lAta agara lAta bAbata AgaLa joizuM. kharI rIte pazcima eziyAnAM devadevIomAM dareka dezanAM nAmeAmAM bahu geTALA che. 31 Syrians or Armanians: Enc. of Rel & Ethics Vol. XII. P. 166-7. 32 Phoenicians Enc. of Rel. & Ethics Vol. IX. P. 887-897. 33 Syrians or Armanians: Enc. of Rel. & Ethics Vol. XII. P. 166-7. I. sa. pUrve AThamI saDhInA SenjirlinA lekha mujaba hadAda (Hadad)nuM nAma devAmAM paheluM che. hadAdanI srInuM nAma 'etagatisa'(Atargatis) che. siriyAnI e mukhya devI che ane enuM bIjuM nAma ala lAta che. pAchaLathI hadAdanI pUjA sUryapUjAmAM maLI gai. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 165 kSetrapAlane maLatuM che. 34 vesTrapa nAmanA eka lekhaka kahe che ke hiMdustAnamAM zivaliMganI pUjA e staMbha pUjAnuM svarUpa che. 35 hibru ane phiniziyana lokomAM zani (Saturn)nI pUjA staMbhanA AkAramAM thatI;36 ane enAM judAM judAM nAma hatAM. hibruonA mULa puruSa ebrehAmane sUrya pUjA sAthe meLave che. mejhIjha ene javAlAmaya staMbharUpe dekhe che ane e javAlAmaya staMbha hibruone dore che. 37 ijiptamAM setha" Seth nAmano deva ha. ene "seta' (Set), agara sAta (Sat) agara ghetha (Thoth) paNa kahetA. eno artha Urve taMbha thAya che ane enuM mULa liMgapUjAmAM che. 38 "saMta" agara seTaranA pahelA akSarane phera thaI "seTa (Tet) thAya che ane ene zani sAthe joDe che. bebilonamAM ela (EI) mATe deva hato ane ene paNa zani sAthe joDe che. 39 mI. vesTaeNpa lakhe che ke zani Ama keTalAka devo sAthe eka hoi tenuM Ayudha trizULa hatuM, ane enuM (zaninuM) pratIka hiMdustAnamAM zivanA liMga tarIke AvyuM. zaninA "kivana" (Kivan) nAmane ziva sAthe joDavAno yatna karI zani ane zivanI liMga-staMbhAkAra pUjAnuM mULa zizna jA sAthe joDe che. 40 TolemInA mata pramANe esiriyA ane IrAnamAM liMgapUjAnuM 41 yukeTana (Yucaton)-maMdiranI sAme Urdhva staMbha (upright pillar)-e liMga hatuM. A badhA devo pAchaLathI sUryadevamAM samAI gayA; tethI taMbha e badhA devonuM pratIka hovAthI eno sUrya sAthe paNa saMbaMdha che.43 ane sUrya sAthe joDAvAthI emanuM mULa ziznapUjAmAM hatuM e kALe karIne bhUlAI gayuM.44 - A pramANe judA judA dezomAM staMbha pUjana jude jude rUpe ane nAme hatuM. hiMdustAnamAM e zivanA liMga svarUpamAM AvyuM ema A pAzcAtya vidvAnono mata che. 45 mi. vesTrIpa zaninA staMbhAkAra svarUpa ane "kivana' nAmane ziva sAthe joDe che te mATe koI sabaLa AdhAra ApatA nathI. paraMtu zonA vyApaka saMpradAye hiMdustAna ane bahAranA ghaNA saMpradAyo tathA devadevIone potAnAmAM laI lIdhAM che.46 hiMdanA pazcima kinArAnA dezo ane arabI samudranA kAMThAnA dezo tathA pazcima eziyAnA 38 Ancient Symbol-worship: Influence of the Phallic idea in the religions of antiquity: by Hodder M. Westropp and C. Staniland pp. 49-52. 35 e ja pR. 51. 36 e ja pR. 53-54. zanine Kivan kahetA. 37 e ja pR. 54. vAlAmaya staMbhanI vAta zivaliMganI parANika utpattine maLatI che. 38 e ja pR. 56, 59, 75. ja pR. 59. 40 e ja pR. 75. 41 e ja pR. 25. kara e ja pR. 25. ahIM mi. vipa mi. sTIvansane mata Take che. 43 e ja pR. 60. 44 e ja pR. 61. judA judA nAmavALA A staMbha sUryadevamAM samAI gayA. mULa bhUlAI javAthI pAchaLathI maTA de tarIke pUjavA lAgyA. 84 or 4. 49. In Linga of India we have another instance of the use of Pillar-Symbol. AgaLa enA phallic saMbaMdha mATe lakhe che, 46 zaivadharma eTalo vyApaka che ke eNe khAsa karIne Aryetara prAomAM bhinnabhinna saMpradAya ane emanA bhinnabhinna For Private and Personal Use Only

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166 pariziSTa 1 dezane aneka prakArano evo to nikaTano saMbaMdha hato 47 ke upara jaNAvelI koI prakAranI staMbha pUjA siMdha ane gUjarAta kAThiyAvADane kinAre AvI hoya to navAI nathI; ane jyAre liMgapUjA zivanA liMganI pUjA sAthe ane zivanA mata sAthe joDAI gaI tyAre evA sto zivaliMga tarIke pUjAyA hoya e paNa asaMbhavita nathI.48 zaninI khaMbhAkAra pUjA mATe eka vicitra dAkhalo purANamAM maLe che. skaMda purANa kahe che ke zanie mahIsAgara saMgama upara zanidezamAM zivanuM liMga pUryuM.49 vaLI grahabhaktimAM zaninI stutimAM zanine saurASTra dezano kahyo che. skaMda purANanuM varNana mAhezvara dharmonI vRddhi mATe hovAthI zanie zivaliMga pUjayuM ema lakhyuM che. paraMtu uparanI vAtane A paurANika vAta sAthe ghaTAvatAM zanino zivaliMga sAthe saMbaMdha thavAmAM gujarAtanA kinArA upara paNa A staMbha pUjA kAraNabhUta hoya ane kharI paraMparA lupta thaI hoya. hiMdamAM staMbha pUjA pAnamAM staMbha pUjA hoya ane pAchaLathI te zivaliMgapUjAmAM maLI gaI hoya ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe evA dAkhalA che. paMjAbamAM eka gAmamAM staMbha svataMtra rIte pUjAya che ane ene ghuMmaLa agara masAheba kahe che.50 AMdhramAM siMhAcala pAse eka maMdiranI bahAra eka ligAkAra paththara che; ane te zivanuM liMga nathI, paraMtu ene "kaMbhataMbha' kahe che. A zabdamAM daMbha-khaMbha ane staMbha bane paryAya bhegA vAparyA che e khAsa sUcaka che. vaMdhyA strIo saMtAna prApti mATe ene pUcha AliMgana de che. A hakIkata enuM mULa staMbha pUjA ane ziznapUjAmAM che ema sUcave che. kAThIAvADamAM paNa eka mahAdevanI e rIte pUjA thAya che, paNa ene zivaliMga tarIke hAla mAne che.51 skaMdapurANamAM tArakAsura devone harAvI mahIsAgara upara potAnA nagaramAM gAdIe beThe tyAre devonA adhikAra potAnA daityone soMpyA emAM pote iMdrano adhikAra lIdho ane nimine agnine, kAlanimite yama, niRtine staMbhane devadevIone eka karI nAtajAtanA bheda vagara pitAnA vADAmAM laI lIdhA che. A mATenuM sAhitya che, ane vipula che. ene itihAsa uttara karatAM dakSiNa hiMdanA Agamadi pustakamAMthI maLe che. ziznapUjAne -ziva saMpradAya eka thayA pachI vaidikae grahaNa karyA haze ane e pUjA asalanA jaMgalIo haze ema hai. bhAMDArakara emane Whaishnavism & Shaivism nAmanA nibaMdhamAM kahe che. paraMtu pataMjalinA samayamAM liMgapUjA nahatI ema e lakhe che eno artha vaidikamAM nahatI eTale ja thAya. 47 Sir J. Marshall: Mohenjo Daro. I. prakaraNa 5, 7 ane 8. 48 Crooke: Hinduism: Enc. of Rel. & Ethics VI. A. J. Evansne mata TAMkatAM lakhe che ke azAkane staMbha zivaliga tarIke pUjAya che. Vol. XI. mAM R.W. Frazer Shaivism upara lekha che (pR. 91thI 96) emAM dakSiNa hiMdamAM sAdhuonI samAdhio zivamaMdiramAM (liMga tarIke) pUjAvA lAgI ema lakhe che, kAraNake e samAdhi agara virakalano AkAra liMga jevo che. Barth emanA Religion of India pR. 271mAM paNa azokanA staMbha zivaliMga tarIke pUjAtA e mATe lakhe che. Ama hovAthI bIjA staMbho paNa zivaligo tarIke pUjAyA heya. 49 ke. pu. ke. naM. a. 13. zlo. 158. ranizAmAvartiAnAtinAmavA niro madhyarAtrI mahIlA rAkhe 50 A hakIkata paMDita hIrAnaMdajI je paMjAbanA Government Epigraphist for India che emaNe ApI che. pa1 kADIAvADa sarvasaMgraha: pR. 494. prAcI laMDa AgaLa sarasvatIne tIre baTezvara mahAdeva che. liMga ghaNuM ja meTuM che ane vaMdhyA strIo tene bheTI zake te saMtAna thAya. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa A 167 ane mahiSane varuNane ema adhikAra ApyA.52 A staMbha e ka deva? je A zabda e koinI bhUla na hoya to purANakAra ahIM koI prAcIna paraMparA nedhe che ke jenI ene potAne paNa khabara nathI. AmAM gUMcavaNa e che ke tArakAsuranA bIjA asuranI peThe ISTadeva ziva che. eTale staMbhadevanuM sthAna e cavI le nahi. eTale A ulalekhamAM kAMI paNa vajana hoya to te staMbha pUjA zivaliMgapUjAmAM samAI gaI te pahelAMnI prAcIna paraMparAnuM sUcana kare che. mahIsAgara saMgama upara staMbhatIrtha zivanA taMbAkAra ligane lIdhe thayuM ema purANadithI manAya che53 te sAthe eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke tyAM devIno staMbha hato tethI pataMbhatIrtha nAma paDayuM evI paNa eka daMtakathA che.54 A paraspara viruddha kathAo ghaNuM prAcIna kALamAM svataMtra temapUjA hoI pAchaLathI zaiva matanI vRddhi pachI zivanA khaMbhAkAra ligamAM pharI gaI hoya ema kema na sUcave ? khaMbha ane zivaliMga stamapUjA upara ATalI carcA karyA pachI have ThaMbha upara AvIe. kuMbhano artha liMga-zizna thaI zake e upara joyuM. eno artha zivanuM liMga thAya ke nahi te jovAnuM. sAmAnya staMbha (khulo staMbha)nA arthamAM vaparAtA A vaidika zabdane atharva vede meTA devanuM svarUpa ApyuM. paNa emAM ene ziva sAthe saMbaMdha joDI zakAya evo izAre paNa karyo nathI. A vastu eka ja vAtanuM sUcana kare che ke upara joyuM tema IjiptathI hiMdanA pazcima kinArA sudhI aneka devonI pUjA ghaNuM prAcIna samayamAM staMbhanA rUpamAM thatI hatI tene vedanA vADAmAM laI levA thAMbhalAnA vaidika zabdane deva mAne. thAMbhalo agara ThaMbhamAM A pramANene paramezvarapaNAne adhyAropa bIjA vaidika sAhityamAM nahi, paNa atharva vedamAM thayo che e paNa bhUlavA jevuM nathI; ane e cothA vede Ayetara saMskRtione apanAvavAno kevo bhAre prayatna karyo che e paNa bhUlavAnuM nathI.55 zevadharmanI prAcInatA IjiptathI hiMdanA pazcima kinArA sudhInA vizALa pradezamAM jema prAcIna kALathI aneka devatAonI aneka rUpe pUjA thatI hatI tema zivanI pUjA paNa thatI hatI. staMbha svarUpa svataMtra liMgapUjAnI peThe para ske. pu. ke. naM. a. 21. le. 30 : carmionimihira kanemircamorijA taimadhya nivratisthAne mahiSa vagataithA che. pa3 4. 5. pahelAM kaMde karelA vijayastaMbha ane staMbhezvara mahAdevanI vAta ane pachI guptakSetre staMbha eTale garva karyo e bIjI vAta e che kAraNa purANe staMbhatIrtha nAma mATe ApyAM che. 54 rAjA abhayakuMvarane zaheranA nAzanI khabara maLatAM mUrti laI samudramAM gaye ane mUrtinI kRpAthI bo. staMbhanI madadathI sahIsalAmata pAcho AvyA ane zahera vasAvyuM. (khaMbhAta gejhIara pR. 214). karnala TeMDa pitAnA Western India graMthamAM lakhe che ke jAnuM zahera ThIka na lAgyAthI rAjakuMvare navuM zahera akhAtane kAMThe devInA nAmano staMbha ubho karI vasAvyuM. A vAtamAM devIne staMbha che. uparanI abhayakuMvaranI vAtamAM mUrti lakhyuM che, paNa kenI mUrti e lakhyuM nathI. eTale staMbha kayA devano e A vidhI traNa vAtathI nakkI thatuM nathI. eTale lupta thaelI paraMparAno koI prAcIna rataMbha ema uparanA anumAnane Teke maLe che. 55 atharvaveda mATenI carcA mATe juo anarajI zAstrI kRta Asura in India P. 51. hidane pazcima kinAre ane pazcima eziyA sudhInA dezonI dhArmika samAnatA mATe juo SirJ.Marshall saMpAdita Mohenjo Daro Chap. V. lo. mA. tilake bhADArakara memoriyala vaeNlyumamAM lakhele atharvavedane lagatA lekha paNa je. For Private and Personal Use Only

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168 pariziSTa 1 A zivapUjA paNa vedakAla jeTalI ja jUnI ane vedathI svataMtra thatI hatI e mohena je DerAnA avazeSo para ane pAzupata saMpradAyano ItihAsa siddha kare che.57 vedanA AryonA deva che ke Aryatara deva e matabhedane viSaya che.58 paraMtu svataMtra zaiva mAtA ane vaidika ddha jyAre eka thaI paurANika draziva thayA te pahelAM vaidike zaiva matono satata virodha karatA hatA.59 A be matonA samAdhAna ane virodhanI aitihAsika paraMparAnI dharUpa ziva purANono uddabhava thayo. emAMthI staMbhanI bhAvanAne zivanA liMgamAM adhyAropa thayo tenI jhAMkhI mAlUma paDe che. purANe pramANe liMgapUjAnI utpatti liMgapUjAnI utpatti ApaNu purANa pramANe betraNa rIte manAya che. eTale ene mATe paNa khaMbhAtanA staMbhatIrtha nAmanI peThe purANu pote ja ekamata nathI. e vastusthiti che ke prAcIna svataMtra liMgapUjAnA astitvanuM sUcana kare che. ApaNe khaMbhAkAra liMgapUjana sAthe ja ahIM saMbaMdha che. ligapurANadi zaiva purANAe e kathA ApI che. eka samaye brahmA ane viSNu vacce kaNa meTuM e bAbatamAM bhAre yuddha thayuM. evAmAM emanI sAme pracaMDa tejavALuM jatimaya liMga ameya staMbha jevuM khaDuM thayuM. 10 bane deve cakita thaI A padArtha zuM che tenI zodha karavA laDatA baMdha paDayA. brahmadeve haMsanuM rUpa laI A staMbha-liMgano uparano cheDo zodhavA ane viSNue varAha thaI ene nIcene cheDo zodhavA TharAvyuM. samaya jatAM baMne thAkIne pAchA AvyA, paNa cheDA jaDyA nahi. baMnee e javALAmaya rataMbhanI stuti karI, ane ziva pragaTa thayA. brahmA ane viSNu namyA. evI ameya staMbhamAMthI utpanna thaelI zivamatine ligodabhava mUrti kahe che. 61 A baMne Adi deva nayA e mahAdeva sarvathI 45 P Mohenjo Daro, Chap. V. pa7 e mATe juo du. ke. zAstrIkRta zaiva dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa pR. 48, purANe pAzupatAcArya lakulIzane zrIkRSNa vAsudevanA samakAlIna mAne che. ene artha bhAMDArakarAdi vidvAno e matane pAMcarAtrane samakAlIna mAnI I. sa. pUrve bIjA zatakamAM zarU thayo kahe che. paraMtu mane lAge che ke A mata have pheravo joie. kadAca purANano mata khare Thare ane sevA mata vidakALa jeTalo prAcIna gaNAya. mohena DeromAMthI jaDelI trimukha zivanI mUrti pazuothI vIMTaLAelI che ane ene zivanA pUrvarUpa kaI ajJAta devanI mUrti kahe che. liMga paNa jaDyAM che. A badhuM Aryoe zivapUjA grahaNa karyA pahelAM seMkaDo saikAthI zivapUjA-agara e pUjA jemAMthI nIkaLI haze te mULa e jAtanI pUjA-thatI hatI. ema kahevAya che ke jenomAM jema mahAvIra pahelAM bIjA tIrthaMkara thaI gayA hatA, tema kAyAvarohaNavALA lakulIzAcArya pahelAM ghaNA vAcAryo thaelA. e lakulIza emanAmAM chellA mahAcArya. joke praNAlikA lakulIzAcArya pachI kaI aDhAra ane keI aThThAvIsa AcAryo gaNAve che. tAtparya e che ke pAzupata mata enA prAcIna svarUpamAM lagabhaga vedakALa jeTalo jUne che. 58 zrI anaMtaprasAda baeNnarajI zAstrI ane asura jAtino deva mAne che. pa9 e carcA mATe juo 3. gopInAtha rAvanuM Ele, of Hindu Icon0. pu. 2. bhA. 1, pR. 5055, dakSanA yajJamAM zivane AmaMtraNa nahotuM e kathA e virodhanuM sUcana kare che. 60 nu liMgapurANa a. 1. pratabiMtare sTimamavAva puraH grAma sahayaM sTAna2rAtopamaHI kSaddhi vinimue mAlizAntavanitam . @o. 33-34. 61 juo du. ke. zAstrIta zaiva dharmone saMkSipta itihAsa pR. 42. "... A hiraNyavetasa e ja rakaMbha ane "salilamaSya' raheluM hiracetasa e ja ni vacce sthApeluM liMga ema dhaTAvavuM taddana baMdha bese che. tirmaya liMganA cheDAo brahmA viSNu nathI joI zakatA ema je purANo varNave che te paNa A hiraNyAkaMbhane vistAra haze.' For Private and Personal Use Only

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rakaMbha athavA liMgabhava mUti A mUrti pradezamAM nIkaLelI che. te parUM phITa UMcI dekhAya che te joDe UbhelI manuSyAkRtithI jaNAze. uparAMta jamInamAM teno amuka bhAga haze te jI de. For Private and Personal Use Only

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169 pariziSTa ya moTA kahevAyA. vedanA staMbhavarUpa sanAtanatama paramezvara staMbhadeva uparathI zivanA liMganI pUjAnuM mULa purANA e A javALAmaya ameya staMbhaliMgarUpe upajAvyuM che. emAM svataMtra staMbha pUjA ane enA mULarUpa liga (ziznapUjA)no samAveza thAya che. prajanana kAryamAM tatpara evA khaMbhamAMthI purANapuruSa hiraNyagarbha thayA, ane jaLamAM UbhelA hiraNyamaya vetasarUpa e guhya prajApati che e vedanA zabdo purANoe zivane prajApati kahyA che tene Teko Ape che. 63 prajApati thatAM potAnA jevAM prANIo utpanna karyo ane brahmadeva aprasanna thayA tethI zive liMgano tyAga karyo ane liMga pUjAvA lAgyuM, evI kathA che.14 A badhI kathAo kuMbhane zivaliMgamAM adhyArepa thaye e sUcave che. purANe pramANe rakaMbha ane ziva bha zabda zivanA paryAya tarIke jaDato nathI e kharuM che, paraMtu zivanAM nAmomAM viddhabina zabda che ane eno artha rataMbha paNa thAya che. 65 e zabdamAM dhAtu skal che. eTale bhane rudra zivanI saMdhi thayA pachI ziva zabdakoSamAM dAkhala nathI karyo emAM saMbhanA mULa arthanI paraMparA te samayanA brAhmaNone khabara hoya ane vaidikanuM mana manavavA ema karyuM hoya. paraMtu ADakatarI rIte vikaeNmina nAmamAM dhAtvartha tarIke e zabda rahyo che e eno saMbaMdha vyakta kare che. zivanAM nAmomAM AvI rItanAM aneka vicitra nAmo zivanI etihAsika paraMparAne rasamaya banAve che. 6 62 uparanA varNana mujaba ameya ligamAMthI ziva utpanna kyA e jAtanI pratimAne ligobhava mUrti kahe che. evAM liMga Aje bhITAmAM ane madrAsa pAse guDamolamAM che. A baMne ligo haiM. gopInAtha rAva ane benarajInA mata pramANe ghaNAM prAcIna che ane emane 'sa. pUrve pahelA zatakanAM mAnavAmAM Ave che. liMgane AkAra kudaratI upasthanA AkArane che ane vacce zivanI manuSyAkRtinI mUrti che. enAM civa DaoN. gopInAthe emanA Ele. of Hind. leo. pu. 2 bhA. 1mAM ApyAM che te khAsa jovA jevAM che. A staMbhaliga kudaratI upastha AkAranAM che e vAta svataMtra staMbha--svataMtra liga-kuMbha-ane zivajIne Akho tihAsa vyakta kare che. liMgane kudaratI upatha jevuM banAvavAnuM pAchaLathI baMdha karI cokkasa laMbagoLa rUpa (Conventional) pAchaLathI apAyuM haze, evuM eka liga bejhavADAmAM meM joyuM che. e bhUrA ArasanuM sIdhuM khaMbhAkAra che. vacce zivanI mUrti haraNa ane parazu laI UbhI che. upara brahmA haMsarUpe ane nIce viSNu viraharUpe che. liMga jamInanI upara sADApAMca phITathI vadhAre che. kaMpanI pirANika bhAvanAvALAM taMbhaligane A namUne jovAlAyaka che. enuM citra bahAra na paDeluM hovAthI ane staMbhaliMgano khyAla lAvavAnI ahIM jarUra hovAthI ahIM enuM citra ApyuM che. e AMdhramAM amarAvatInAM khaMDeromAMthI nIkaLyAnuM kahevAya che. eTale chaThThI sadInuM haze. $35114114214. Ele. of Hindu. Ico. II. P. 57-58. It is this same FFF that has given birth to the Puranic story of Shiva's appearence as a blazing Pillar between all and fatos. 64 A kathA sAthe bIjI kathA purANamAM evI che ke tApasanA vanamAM emanI strIo pAse ziva nagnaravarUpe bhikSArthe gayA. tethI tApasoe liga kharI paDe e zApa dIdho. tethI utpAta thavAthI devoe liMga pUjavA mAMDyuM. emAM spaSTa lakhe che ke devoe ene "sthAne mUkyuM ane brahmAe "tadAkAra" eTale kudaratI uparatha jevuM liga hATakanuM banAvyuM ne paLyuM e hATakezvara mULa hATakezvara mATeno A ulekha gUjarAtamAM AvuM liga hevAnuM siddha kare che. A bAbatanI vadhu carcA pariziSTa u bhega. vatI'mAM karI che temAM khAsa karIne noTa aMka 83 juo, 65viSkalinane staMbha artha saMskRta koSamAM che. juo Apatene ke. 66 jAo mahAbhArata zAMtiparva. dAnadharmamAM ApelAM nAme. emAM ahIM khAsa A nedhavA jevAM cheH sthANu, suvarNaretam, UrdhvasiMga, meda, mahAliMga. bI vicitra nAmo AgaLa jaIzuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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170 pariziSTa pAchaLanI carcAne sAra A lAMbI carcA uparathI eTaluM phalita thAya che ke prAgaitihAsika samayamAM nAIlathI narmadAnA mukha sudhInA pradezamAM cAlatI keTalIka prajAomAM eka prakAranI ekatA hatI. badhA loka tevI ekasarakhI pUjA na karatA hoya che tevI pUjA karanAra jAtio e samasta pradezamAM vasatI hatI. A pradezamAM AvelA loko bhinnabhinna nAme aneka devane pUjatA ane emAMnA ghaNAnAM lakSaNo eka hatA. A badhA deva ane devIonAM pratIka moTe bhAge paththaranA staMbha agara taMbAkAra jhADanAM thaDa hatAM. A rIte staMbha pUjana prAcIna kALathI vyApaka baneluM hatuM. khaMbhAkAra devanuM mULa liMgapUjA (Phallus Worship)mAM hatuM. svataMtra liMgapUjA paNa hatI ane paurANika zivanA pUrvAvatAra jevA eka devanI mUrti paNa pUjAtI. A liMgapUjA e zivanA pUrvAvatAra devanA liMga tarIke ke svataMtra liMgapUjArUpe thatI e nakkI thavuM muzkela che. paraMtu mohena je DeremAMthI nIkaLelAM kudaratI upasthanA AkAranAM liMga ane hiMdustAnamAM pAchaLathI zivaliMganA eka sabhya nizcita AkAra thavA mAMDyo te pahelAMnAM zivaliMga jotAM khAtarI thAya che ke liMgapUjAna Aryoe svIkAra karyo te pahelAM enuM mULa ziznapUjAmAM hatuM. khaMbhanI bhAvanAvALI liMbodubhava mUrti e kudaratI upasthAkAranA liMgane khaMbhAkAra banAvI, aMdarathI zivanI manuSyAkRti mUrtine udbhava kare che. 27 liMgapUjAnI utpattinAM paurANika kAraNomAM matabheda hovAthI ane vedamAM staMbhane zivapUjA sAthe spaSTa rIte na joDavAthI liMgapUjA ane staMbhanI bhAvanAno saMbaMdha svataMtra staMbha pUjA ane ziznapUjA sAthe hAI pAchaLathI zivanA liMga sAthe e badhuM joDavAmAM AvyuM ema samajAya che. sAmAnya thAMbhalAne hiMdanI bhASAomAM saMskRta staMbha uparathI ke bIjI rIte upajAvyA chatAM khaMbha-khaMbha eTale khulo svataMtra thAMbhale e artha hiMdanI bhASAoe jALavI rAkhyo che ane gUjarAta ane drAviDa dezanI bhASAoe e artha vadhAre spaSTa rIte jALavyo che. A vAta A svataMtra staMbha liMgapUjA hiMdanA pazcima bhAgamAM sarvathI prAcIna kALamAM hatI ane drAviDIonI sAthe dakSiNamAM gaI ema sUcave che. 18 A prakAranA staMbha-liMgane mULa staMbha sAthe saMbaMdha hovAthI kudaratI rIte prAkRtamAM khaMbha kahe. paraMtu e zabda staMbhano paryAya hovAthI ane khaMbha vaidika sAhitya pachInA sAhityamAM na dekhAto hovAthI ene vaparAza lupta thayo ane e kAraNathI vaiyAkaraNoe teno dha ane ravamAM vikalpa che . 29 khaMbhAta ane taMbhapUjA khaMbhAtanA staMbhatIrtha nAmanuM kAraNa upajAvI kADhatAM purANakAra be bhinna kAraNo Ape che te joyuM. navAinI vAta te e che ke kaMde tArakAsurane che ane tyAM vijayastaMbha thayo tethI staMbhatIrtha nAma paDayuM ema kahetA pahelAM paNa purANakAra kahe che ke pahelAM saMgrAmamAM devo hAryA ane tArake mahIsAgara upara 67 zrI. gopInAtharAve emane pratimavidhAnanA pustakamAM (pu. 2 bhA. 1)mAM liMgabhava mUrtinI vistRta carcA karI che ane evAM liMganAM citro paNa ApyAM che. 68 aitihAsika samayanA zaiva mate ApaNI tarapha ane dakSiNamAM judA che. paraMtu prAgaitihAsika samayamAM dakSiNanI drAviDa saMskRtinAM keTalAMka to gujarAta bAjuthI gayAM che tenI carcA gujarAta ane asuronA pariziSTamAM karIzuM. oNsuranI keTalIka daMtakathAonuM mULa gUjarAtamAM che ema samajAya che te paNa joIzuM. 69 zaivamata ane vaidikanI salAha pachI sthANu zabda saMbhavAcaka hovA chatAM zavaSamAM lIdho jaNAya che. vedamAM ene atha stabha jaNAya che. juo Vedic Index II. 487. atharvaveda 10-4-1. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa g 171 staMbhapuramAM jaI rAjya karyuM.70 A viSa batAve che ke purANakArane khaMbhapura ke staMbhatIrtha nAmanI paraMparAnI khabara nathI. staMbhAkAra zivaliMga uparathI e nAma paDeluM enI sAthe khIjI aneka paraMparAe meLavIne kAraNe ApelAM che. staMbha nAmanA devanA purANakAre karelA ullekha upara joyA. A badhuM siddha kare che ke purANakAre ApelAM kAraNA kharAM nathI. paraMtu khaMbhAtane sthaLe pahelAM svataMtra staMbha koi paNa devanA svarUpamAM pUnnate haze. kaMbha agara liMdbhava mUrtinA rUpamAM paNa pUjA thavAno saMbhava che. kALe karIne thaelA kudaratI daTaMtare Adi utthAnAmAM e pUjA lupta agara gupta thatAM jyAre rudra ziva sAthe liMgapU maLI gaI tyAre je je svarUpamAM staMbheA pUnnatA te badhAM zivanAM liMga gaNAvA lAgyAM71 svataMtra ziznapRzna paNa zivaliMgapUnamAM samAi gai. prAcIna pAzupata saMpradAya jyAre lakulIzAcArye chevaTanA rUpamAM sthApyA tyAre gUjarAtanA kinAre e matanuM mukhya kendra banyuM.72 narmadAnA kinArAthI siMdhunA mukha sudhI ane mAravADathI maisura sudhI e mata khUba vyApyA. e samayamAM AvA aneka liMga-staMbhA svayaMbhU zivaliMga tarIke pUjAvA lAgyA. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir staMbha-khala. li'ge6bhava mUrti kuMbhanI bhAvanAvALA liMgAdbhava mUrtine staMbhAkAra karavAno pratimAvidhAnanA zAstramAM Adeza che. staMbhapUjanamAMthI uddabhavelAM AvA prakAranAM liMge jyAM pUrjAtAM hoya tevAM sthaLeAnuM nAma khaMbha uparathI thaeluM ema mAnI zakAya. gujarAtanA kinArA e rIte rastaMbha pUnanA saMsargamAM prAcIna kALathI hAvAthI ane pAzupata matane lakulIzAcArye kareleA pracAra paNa gujarAtamAM hovAthI A dezamAM dareka jAtanAM liMganI sthApanA khInna sarva dezeA karatAM vadhAre hatI;73 ane khaMbha nAmathI zarU thatAM e nAmeA drAviDa prAMtAmAM maLe che te uparAMta evAM nAmeA phakta gUjarAta kADIvADamAM ja vadhAre che. khaMbhALIAmAM te tyAMnA zivanA liMgane ja khAmanAtha kahe che ane khAmane artha thAMbhale te AgaLa joyuM. staMbha uparathI khaMbha nAmavALAM74 gAmeA gujarAtamAM vadhAre che te mAnavA sAthe gujarAtamAM 5000 varSa pUrve vastI hatI ema mAnavuM paDaze. mehena e DerAnI zeAdhathI jaNAya che ke arabI samudranA AkhA ce kinArA upara vastInA paraspara saMbaMdha hatA. ane gujarAtamAM khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM narmadAnA mukha sudhI siMdhunI samAna saMskRti hovAnuM manAya che.75 e carcA AgaLa karIzuM. A pramANe khaMbhAta nAma khaMbhAtanA 70 kuM, pu, kA, khaM. a. 21. pachInA adhyAyamAM ene zArvikatIrtha kahe che. 71 evA keTalAka staMbhe| zivaliMgA tarIke pUjAyAnuM AgaLa jaNAvI gayA chIe. 72 pAzupata mata narmadAkinAre DabheAi pAse AvelA kAyAvarohaNa-kArAvaNa-mAMthI zarU thayA ane aitihAsika lakulIzAcArya tyAM thaI gayA e have siddha vAta che. jUnA vakhatamAM dakSiNanA nAgapaTTaNa ane kuMbhakANamane kAyAvarahaNa kahetA, e batAve che ke rovAnA A matanA sthApaka mukhya sthaLanuM nAma latA jyAM ThIka lAgyuM tyAM laI gayA, uttaramAMthI AvAM nAma dakSiNamAM gayAM che te bAbata AgaLa joizuM. (gepInatha rAva. II. I. P. 18.) 73 staMbha-liMgapUjAne zivaliMgapUjA sAthe aitihAsika samayamAM saMbaMdha pAzupate e naOdAkinAre pahelA karyAM. brahmAe paheluM liMga hATakezvaranuM sthApyuM e AnartamAM. liMgapUjranA A deza sAthe AvA prAcIna saMbaMdhathI nadAmAM kaMkara eTalA zaMkara manAyA. 74 eka karatAM vadhAre khaMbhALIA ane khAMbhA; khaMbhAlI, khaMbheALaja, khaMbhaLAva, khaMbhALA ane khAMbhaDA. ATalAM gUjarAtakADIAvADamAM che. thaMbha nAmavALuM thAmaNA sivAya eke nathI. dakSiNamAM madurA jIllAmAM kaMbam ane karanulamAM kaMmam che. 75 Marshall: Mohenjo Daro. I. P. 95: keTalIka cIjo kAThIAvADa vageremAMthI jaDI che te uparathI lakhe che keH For Private and Personal Use Only

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172 pariziSTa ga sthaLane prAgaitihAsika samayamAM mUkI zake. khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa e samayanI dakSiNa eziyAnI prajAmAM evuM te madhyamAM che ke e mAnyatAne Teko Ape che. enAM aneka nAmeA ema sUcave che ke vAraMvAra caDhatI paDatI joelAM zaherA e sthaLe thaI gaelAM; ane staMbha pUrjAnA kendra tarIke e zaheranI najIka ja eka sthaLa prAcIna kALathI cAlyuM AveluM. lATa deza A carcAnA prasaMgamAM eka bIjo prazna upasthita thAya che, te e ke lATa deza kayA ane e nAma pADavAnuM kAraNa zuM? ApaNe sAmAnya rIte mahI ane narmadA agara tApI sudhInA bhAgane lATa deza kahIe chIe. pahelA prakaraNamAM taiyuM tema khabhAtanuM sthaLa lATa, saurASTra ane Anatta e traNe prAcIna dezeAnI hada upara evI rIte AveluM che ke ene kayA dezamAM gaNavuM e nakkI karavuM muzkela che. paraMtu ene saMbaMdha mahI nadI sAthe vadhAre hAvAthI ene lATamAM gaNI zakAya. paNa lATa nAma zAthI paDayuM e hajI nakkI thayuM nathI.76 vidvAnoe ene mATe aneka tarka karelA che. teA eka anumAna umeravuM aprAsaMgika nahi gaNAya. lADha zabdanI utpatti lATa nAma saMskRta nathI ema mAnavAmAM badhA vidvAnA ekamata che. ghaNA rASTra uparathI lATa thayAnuM mAne che.77 paNa gUjarAtanA dakSiNa vibhAganuM nAma rASTra kema tenuM keAi nivAraNa karatuM nathI. lATa rAkhyuM ApaNA prAMtane mATe saMskRta lekhakoe te meDA vAparavA mAMDaco. mATe bhAge paradezIoe e zabda vAparelA che. paradezIe lATane lAra nAmathI jANe che, ane enI sarahada ApaNe hAla mAnIe chIe eTalI nahi paNa cheka muMbAinA dakSiNa sudhInA kinArAne lAra kahetA. arabI samudranuM nAma lAranA samudra hatuM. dezanI aMdaranA bhAgamAM cheka ujjaina lATanI hadamAM grIka lekhake gaNeluM che.78 A rIte lATa agara lAranI hada kAI vakhate nizciMta rahI nathI. vaLI kaniMgahAma siMdhanA dakSiNa bhAgane lAra kahe che.79 siMdhanA uttara bhAgamAM siMdhune pazcima kinAre lArakhAnA nAmanA jIllo che. irAnanI dakSiNe lArIstAna nAmanA prAMta ane enuM zahera lAra nAmanuM che. A badhuM zvetAM ane e nAma paheluM paradezIoe vApareluM che e jotAM lAr agara enuM saMskRta rUpa lATa rASTra karatAM kei bInta mULamAMthI utpanna thayuM jaNAya che. lATa ane staMbha lATanA ApaNI hAlanI gUjarAtI ane hiMdI bhASAmAM ardha staMbha thAya che. pADA TekavavAnA thaMbhane "This civilization extended in a South-esterly direction (from Indus) atleast as far as the gulf of Cambay." 76 e. esa. altekara (His. of Imp. Towns & Cities in Guj. & Kath.). lATa nAma hiMduenuM nathI, enuM mULa paradezI hAya, hajI e phAine jaDyu nathI. rASTre uparathI e paDyuM nathI. rASTrakUTa gUjarAtamAM AvyA te pahelethI e nAma che eTale e sAthe paNa saMbaMdha nathI ema lakhe che. 77 paMDita bhagavAnalAla IMdrajInA tathA hAla paMDita bahecaradAsabhAinA e mata che. saMskRtamAM madAsaranA lekhamAM ane vAtsyAyana sUtramAM e nAma che. eTale chaThThI sadI pachInuM, paNa bRhat saMhitAmAM nathI eTale chaThThI sadI pahelAM nathI. arabI musApharo muMbAI sudhInA kinArAne lATa kahe che ane ala mAsudI tyAM lArI bhASA khelAtI ema lakhe che. 78 TAlemI ane periplasa. (Larike) nue Me Crdndls Ptolemy P. 38. (Bengal Ed.) 79 Cunninghams Ancient Geo. of India. (Bengal Ed.) P. 318. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 173 lATa nathI kahetA paNa khulA UbhelA khaMbhane lATa kahe che, e khAsa dhyAnamAM levA jevI vAta che. hiMdImAM azokanA staMbhane ane phirojhazAhanA staMbhane lATa80 kahe che. ekalA UbhelA minArAne 5NuM lATa kahe che. baddha stUpane "buddhakIlATa kahe che. eTale stUpane pracaMDa liMga ke staMbha samajI ema kahetA haze. gUjarAtImAM rataMbha jevA pAtaLA lAkaDAne lATa kahe che. dAkhalA tarIke ghANInI lATa, cIMcavAnI lATa. e zabda kayI bhASAne e hajI sudhI nakkI nathI thayuM. hiMdI ane gujarAtImAM kayAMthI ane kevI rIte AvyuM te paNa jaNAyuM nathI. judAjudA devone taMbAkAre pUjatI prajAomAM stabha agara te te devonAM nAmo jemAM temAM staMbhane paryAya lATa koI prajAmAM hovAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. kadAca te prajA agara to e zabdaprayoga tyAM lupta thayo hoya. paraMtu lATa eTale khaMbha e to spaSTa ja che. kALe karIne staMbhanA pazcima eziyAnA dezamAMthI asta thatI gaI. paNa hiMdanA pazcima kinAre enuM jabaruM thANuM sthapAyuM hatuM. lAra zabdano prayoga ApaNe TaoNlemI eTale isvIsananI bIjI sadIthI jaIe chIe. te pahelAM keTalIka sadIothI pAzupata mata pazcima hiMdamAM sthapAyo hato. eTale je kinAre khaMbhAkAra zivaliMganI pUjA ghaNuM joramAM cAlu rahI e pradezane paradezIoe lAra agara lATa nAma ApyuM hoya evo saMbhava dekhAya che. e pUjA jema jema saMkocAtI gaI, tema tema lATanI sImAM paNa saMkecAtI gaI, ane narmadAtaTe pAzupatAcAryanuM udbhavasthAna hovAthI ane gujarAta kAThIAvADane khaMbhAtanA akhAtane e kinAro liga sthApanathI bharapUra hovAthI81 e bhAganuM nAma lATa rahI gayuM. lATa eTale staMbha' e hiMdanI bahArane zabda pAchaLa IjIma vagere jagyAe setha agara seta agara sAta (Seth, set or Sat) ke jene pahelo akSara pharI jaIne teTa (Tet) thayuM enI taMbAkAre pUjA thatI. mi. vesTaoNpa lakhe che ke hiMdustAnamAM staMbhanA arthamAM azoka, buddha vagerenA staMbhane mATe "lATa" zabda vaparAya che te mAtra A phiniziyana semeTika deva teTa,seTa ke sethanuM bIjuM rUpa che.82 ahIM "sa" agara "tane "la" zI rIte thayo te mi. vesTaoNpa samajAvatA nathI. je lATa zabda pazcima eziyAnI kaI bhASAmAMthI Avyo hoya agara te bhASAomAMthI koI zabdanuM bhraSTa rUpa hoya ane enuM saMskRta graMthakAree lATa nAma ApyuM hoya to te bhASAomAM akSaronA pheraphAranA niyamo samajavAthI khabara paDe. A vAtano nirNaya to ijIptathI hiMda sudhInI badhI jUnI navI bhASAo ekasAthe jANanAra bhASAzAstrI karI zake. paraMtu mi. vesTarapano abhiprAya bhASAzAstrInI daSTie nahi te bIjI rIte paNa kharo hoya ema lAge che ane hiMdanA pazcimakinArAno pazcima eziyAnA dezo sAthe prAcIna saMbaMdha, staMbha pUjA ane liMgapUjAnI vyApakatA-e badhuM sAthe letAM lATa 80 hiMdI zabdake lATane saMskRta thai uparathI upajAve che, paNa e vyutpatti khoTI che ema vidvAno mata che. 81 bhAgavata skaM. 3 a. 1 glo. 18, << Hodder M. Westropp: Ancient Symbol Worship. y. 4. "The Columns said to have raised by Asoka have reference to the inscribed pillars of Seth. The remains of an ancient pillar, supposed to be a Buddhist LaT is still to be seen at Benares; the word LAT being merely another form of the name Tet, Set or Sat given to the Phoenician or Semitic deity. In the central pillar of the so-called Druidical cirelcs, we have, doubtless a reference to the same primitive superstition, the idea intended to be represented being the combination of the male and female principles." For Private and Personal Use Only

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174 pariziSTa zabda mi. vesTaraoNpa kahe che tema staMbhAkAra "setha" vagere zabdomAMthI Avyo hoya ema saMbhave ane gujarAtanA kinArAnuM lATa nAma che enAM je kAraNo AjasudhI ApavAmAM AvyAM che te karatAM A vadhAre baMdha besatuM lAge che.83 : skaMdapurANamAM staMbhatIrtha nAma paDavAnAM kAraNonA paraspara virodhathI; arabI samudranA AkhA ye kinArA upara staMbha-liMgapUjAnI vyApakatAthI, staMbha pUjAne khaMbhanI bhAvanAnI ekatAthI, lATa zabdanI upara karelI carcA ane ene staMbha-liMga artha kharo mAnIe to lATa dezanA madhyastha kendramAM khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa AveluM che te uparathI; ane taMbha pUjA-staMbha ane zivanA liMganI pUjAnuM pAchaLathI tAdAbhya thavAthI upara jaNAvelA vyAkaraNanA vika9pa karatAM staMbhamAMthI khaMbha thavAnuM svara ane artha baMne jotAM vadhAre kudaratI siddha thavAthI spaSTa thaze ke khaMbhAta nAma ramatIrtha uparathI nahi paNa staMbhatIrtha uparathI nIkaLyuM che.84 83 pazcima eziyAnA dezamAM lAta nAmanI devIne ulekha AgaLa karyo. A devIe keTaloka goTALo utpanna karyo che. e dezamAM ene aneka devIo sAthe meLave che. koI dezamAM mukhya devI tarIke ke koImAM sAmAnya devI tarIke Ave che. te darekanuM varNana karavAnuM ahIM sthaLa nathI, enI mukhya prajA siriyAmAM thatI hatI ane e eka vATavAne paththara hatA ema bukhArI zarIpha ane arabI ke uparathI eka vidvAnanuM mAnavuM che. Enc. of Religion & Ethics Vol. I. mAM prAcIna Arao uparanA lekhamAM e devIne sUryanuM rUpa gaNe che ane sUrya nArIjAti gaNAto ema kahe che. bebIlonamAM sUrya narajAti ane dakSiNa arabastAnamAM nArIjAti manAta. (Babylonian's By H.ZiMMERN). arabastAnamAM 'kAsI" (gassi) nAmanI jAtinI e khAsa devI hatI. grIka ItihAsakAra Herodotus ene alilAta (Alilat) kahe che ane caMdrapUjA sAthe joDe che. enAM Allat, Halat vagere nAme mAlUma paDe che. e badhAM ala lAta uparathI thayAM che. ala e arabI bhASAnA zabdone AgaLa lAge che. lAta nAma mukhya che. lAta devIne "hadAda' ane Ashtart "azatA' sAthe saMbaMdha pAchaLa che. A badhA de khaMbhAkAra thatA ane e badhA sUryamAM samAyA e paNa joyuM. lAtanI mUrti upara caMdranI kalA ke kiraNa thatAM. A saMbaMdhe uparathI lAta khaMbhAkAra paththaranI mUrti hatI ema samajAya che. have habI khuzIra (Elliot Tv. 181) lakhe che ke (zekha pharIduddIna attArane AdhAre) mahamUda gajhanavInA lazkare seminAthamAM je mUrti joI enuM nAma lAta' hatuM. A ullekha uparathI DaeN. barDa lakhe che ke (Bird's Hist. of Guj. B. 39). semanAthamAM ArabenI lAtanI arti pUjAtI ane arabaratAna ane hiMdamAM prAcIna dharma eka hate. arabInA vidvAnene mata e che ke A ullekha arthahIna che ane musalamAna lekhakoe arabastAnamAM IralAmanA pracAra pachI lAta vagere mUrtione nAza karyo te mUrti tyAMthI AvI somanAthamAM jAya che ema nirAdhAra kahapanAthI TharAveluM che. lAta ane temanAthane saMbaMdha nathI e kharuM che, paraMtu pharIdudIna attAranA ullekhamAM mahamUdanA lazkare e mUrti joI ema lakhyuM che e kharUM hoya to lAtanI khaMbhAkAra mUrtine e lazkaramAMnA keI jANatA hoya ane temanAthanA khaMbhAkAra ligane joI e sarakhApaNuM lAgyuM hoya. mahamUde toDavA pahelAM e mUrti agara liMga kevuM haze te ApaNe jANatA nathI. paNa emanAtha eka vakhata pAzupatinuM moTuM thANuM hatuM eTale e teDayA pahelAnuM prAcIna liMga staMbha jevuM agara ligobhava mUrti jevuM hoya ema lAge che. keTalAka enuM varNanna liMga jevuM ane keTalAka manuSyAti jevuM kare che te evuM hoya te ja baMdha bese. lAta sAthenI sarakhAmaNI paNa TekArUpa che. te lAta khaMbhAkAre hoya te phArasI zabda lAra ane saMskRta zabda lATane enI sAthe saMbaMdha haze? staMbhAkAra liMga sAthe ene sarakhAve che e zuM sUcave che? A vAtane nirNaya to sabaLa AdhAra vagara na thaI zake. 84 dRzivanA parvAvatAra vaidika nI utpatti agnimAMthI che ema varNane uparathI siddha thaI zake che. zivaliMga paNa vidI ane agni uparathI nIkaLyuM haze ema ghaNA vidvAne mAne che. paraMtu pirANika ullekho ane AgamonA ullekho ane liMga ghaDavA mATe zi95nuM vidhAna vagere sarakhAvatAM temaja uparanI carcAmAM kudaratI AkAranAM liMge dhyAnamAM letAM zivaliMga pUjAne (Phallus Worship) sAthe ja saMbaMdha che ema spaSTa thAya che. enI sapramANa vadhu carcA mATe juo Ele. of Hindu lco. JJ. J. P. 58 to 65. siddhAnta sArAvaLI ane kAmikAgamanA ulekhe (P.62). For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa lA sarasvatIne pravAha enI sAthe khaMbhAtanA akhAtane saMbaMdha dastAnanA itihAsamAM banelI satya bInA chatAM jemAM aneka zaMkAo UThe che ane jene mATe vedathI 9 mAMDIne paurANika paraMparAonA AdhAre laI anumAna mAtra karavAM paDe che te sarasvatInA pravAhanI vicitra ghaTanA che. vAdevatA tarIke sarasvatInuM nAma koI hiMduthI ajANyuM nahi hoya. e nAmanI nadIo che e to bhUgoLa bhaNanArAo jANe che. paraMtu e nadI kayAMthI nIkaLI kayAM kyAM vahIne kayAM kone maLI ane eno vAEvatA sAthe koI saMbaMdha khare ke nahi e mATe Aje ApaNe buM Taka AdhAre bhegA karI carcA karavI paDe e hiMdustAnanA ItihAsa-bhUgoLanI eka vicitratA che. sarasvatI nadI-devI sarasvatI eTale pANIvALI. kaI paNuM nadI-pravAhanuM e vizeSaNa thaI zake. paNa ahIM kharI vAta ema nathI. hiMdustAnanI e sauthI pavitra ane moTI prAcIna nadI hatI. travRMdanA samayamAM enuM sthAna moTI nadIomAM hatuM. sarasvatInI stutie vedamAM thaelI che. judI svataMtra nadI tarIke enuM varNana che. ene nadIomAM devI svarUpe mAnI stuti karelI che.1 vAcA devI tarIke sarasvatI RvedanA samayamAM manAtI nahotI. je ekabe mitromAM evo vani nIkaLe che te kheMcIne kADhavo paDe che. bAkI to badhI jagyAe ene nadI-devI tarIke mAnelI che. e nadI-sarasvatImAM vAcA devIne adhyApa pAchaLathI thaelo che.3 hAlanI traNa sarasvatI ApaNe hAla traNa sarasvatI nadIo jANIe chIe. eka kAzmIranA DuMgaramAMthI nIkaLI patiyALAnA - raNamAM adazya thatI. bIjI gUjarAtamAM aMbAbhavAnI pAse koTezvara pAsethI nIkaLI kacchanA raNamAM maLatI. trIjI gIranA jaMgalamAMthI nIkaLI prabhAsa kSetramAM zrIkRSNanA dehotsarga tIrtha pAse maLatI nadI. sarasvatI ane enAM tIrthonAM varNana dareka purANamAM ochA vadhatA pramANamAM Ave che. keTalAMka purANe A traNe sarasvatIne eka ja mAne che. pAzcAtya vidvAno ane emane mAnanArAo mULa vaidika sarasvatI patiyALAnA raNamAM vinazana tIrthamAM lupta thaI tene ja mAne che. bIjI sarasvatIo te e mULa uparathI bIjI nAnI nadIonAM nAma paDayAM ema mAne che. 1 kada-saMhitA. 2-41-16. aM itane nahI tame kevI tame sarasvati che. 2 cAraka sarasavatIne devatA ane nadI ema be rUpe mAne che. devatA eTale nadI devatA vigraha svarUpamAM vAvatA nahi. tatra sarasvatIti tasya navIdevatAvaza niyAmAM manti mAM sarasvatI eTale pANIvALI ema paNa niratamAM kaheluM che. sarasvatIne vAcadevI sAthe joDI devAnuM kada 1-3-1ra. mo 3: sarasvatI mati tunA dhiyo vizvA: vinati . e uparathI keTalAka dhAratA haze. paraMtu e mitrane sarasvatIne vAcA devI tarIke artha saMbaMdha vagarano che. 3 aveda pachI e adhyApa thaelo jaNAya che. Muirs Sanks. Texts V. 342. 4 mekaDenela vagere. For Private and Personal Use Only

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176 pariziSTa mAM vaidika sarasavatI vedamAM sarasvatI nadInuM varNana vAMcatAM e nadI hAlanA upara gaNAvelA traNa vaheLAomAMthI eke nathI ema spaSTa samajAya che. vedamAM parvatathI samudra sudhI akhalita pravAhathI vahetI nadI ene kahI che. vinazana tIrthe ke bIjI koI jagyAe ene guma thatI kahI nathI. ene enI badhI sakhIomAM sarvathI moTI kahI che.7 ene raNamAM maLanArI ke kumArI nadI kahI nathI. ene anna, dravya, vijaya ApanArI kahI che.8 vIra patnI kahI che. bahu vegavALA pravAhavALI ane samudra jevI kahI che.10 siMdhu nadIthI enuM varNana kaI rIte UtaratuM nathI.11 ethI karIne keTalAka yuropIya vidvAna ene siMdhunuM bIjuM nAma mAne che. paraMtu vedamAM e be nadIo spaSTa judI lakhelI che.13 pavitratAmAM siMdhu karatAM e caDhe che. hAla gaMgAnuM jeTaluM pavanatva manAya che te badhuM vedakALamAM sarasvatInuM manAtuM. gagAnuM nAma sarvedamAM be ja vAra Ave che.14 siMdhu ane sarasvatInuM nAma ghaNIvAra Ave che ane sarasvatInI stutinAM to pa kada 1-3-12; 6-para-6; 2-41-16mAM nadI mAM saithI meTI, nahItamAM kahI che te jovuM. 6-61-2 ane 8mAM jabaradasta pravAha mATe ullekha che. 6. 7-85-2. ekA cetsarasvatI nadInAM zuciryatIgiribhya'AsamudrAt / / 7 ka. 7-95-1. kosA iti sUktamAM vizvAsaporinA sayuranyAH || 8 ka. 7-95. AkhuM sakta; 10-30-2 ane 1-89-3 ane 1-164-49, 7-96-3 sarasvatIne vAjinIvatI kahI che teno artha ghoDAvALI nahi paNa dravyavALI evo kahe che. joke sarasvatI ane siMdhu mAraphate e samayamAM ghoDA hiMdustAnamAM AvatA hatA. 9 ka. 6-49-7. AmAM sAyaNAcArya prajApati evo artha kare che te barAbara nathI. ka. 1-104-4mAM sarasvatIne mATe ekalo vIra patnI zabda vAparelo che. 10 ka. 6-1-13 maNAM sAtamAM || 7-9pa-1 ane 2; 7-96-1 artha zabda sarasavatIne mATe vAparela che. arNava zabda arNamAMthI thaye che. keTalAka artha eTale bahu pANI eTalo ja artha kare che. te mATe AgaLa carcA karIzuM. 11 ene sapta svasA-sAta bahenevALI kahI che ane badhI nadIomAM moTI kahI che. juo ka. 6-61-10 ane 7-36-6. mAvata sA rAsa: vAparAnA: sarasvata saptathasiMdhumAtA saptasiMdhunI peThe saMta sAraravata paNa kahevAya che. 12 Zimmer e pramANe mAne che, sarasavatI vedanA varNana sAthe hAla siMdhu sivAya bIjI kaI nadI baMdhabesatI na AvavAthI jhImare AvI rIte TUMke ukela Aryo che. hilabrenTa (Hillebrant) ene ArkesiyA (Archosia)mAM AvelI nadI mAne che. laeNsana ene hAlanI suraravatI mAne che. mekSamUlara laeNsananA matane maLI umere che ke hAlanI sarasvatI vedakALa pachI badalAi ane te raNamAM thaI samudrane maLatI. meMkaDonela pArAvato ene tIre hatA te uparathI hAlanI sarasvatI che te ja mAne che ane raNamAM nAza pAmI ema kahe che. vidamAM samudrane maLavAne spaSTa ullekha che tene mATe e ema kahe che ke vaidika mASine enA pravAhanI ane mukhanI khabara nahi hoya. uparano jhImarano mata te hAla koI mAnatuM nathI. 13 maveda 1-122-6; 1-126-1; 4-54-6, 5-53-9, 7-96-1; 8-12-3; 10-64-6; 10-75-5. 14 sarasvatInI devI ane nadI tarIke je prArthanAo che evI siMdhunI nathI. upara jaNAvelA badhA vedamaMtromAM sararavatInI svati Ave che. vizvadevAmAM ene sthAna che. ene lIdhe brahyAvarta pavitra gaNAyuM. gaMgAnuM nAma kadamAM be ja vakhata (6-45-31 ane 10-75-5) Ave che. vaidika sarasvatI lupta thayA pachI enuM saghaLuM pAvanatva gaMgA upara AropAyuM ema jaNAya che. je. pUra (0. Sanks Texts V. 336) lakhe che ke "The Saraswati, thus appears to have been to the early Indians what the Ganges became to their descendants." sUtA, vargamAMthI UtarelI, pAvana karatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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For Private and Personal Use Only bhUmadhya samuha a phI kAjI samundra za esA phInIzI, vigere dezo kA a 2 ba tA dezI 1 *. 2 lATa-mAi 3 sArasvata ja sauvIra 1 risaMdhu siMdha) 6 brahmAvarta 5 madhyadeza 8 vaDavAmukha -prabhAsa (. arbuda 10 027 11 AbhAra 12 barbara 13 mohana joDeze { I rA na lAra e zI A I karatA na gaMdhavI 5 plina somya VI prIpa tna dhA \** lATano samuda paurANika dakSiNa mArNava (hiMdI mahAsAgara) IV gatimAnapa C-1 lIMpa mAlApa, gaMga va paurANika bhAratavarSa maryAdAnI samajutI vartuLa - bhAratavarSa rumArigakhaMDa urphe bharatakhaMDa x OMmArikAItra-khaMbhAta rastaMbhatIrtha gupratIrtha VIII vANadIpa tAmapaNI dApa III zemana AMga-navadIpa urDe khaM sarasvatI nadI vaidi) cIna 5 rva ta I Ida dardI pa 11 DIrupAnIpa sImAma kobI salAyA mAtrA paurANika bhAratavarSa tathA tenI AsapAsanA cheka eziyA mAinerathI mAMDIne hiMda sudhInA samAna saMskRtinA dezeAmAM khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa (athavA kumArikAkSetra) madhyastha ane avarajavaranuM kendra hatuM e batAvatA, vartula dArelA A nakazAmAM kendraratha khaMbhAtamAMthI traNa trijayA AMkelI che. bhAratavarSanI peAtAnI maryAdAtA e vartula bahAra pazu kharI, e kazemAnadvIpa vhetAM jaNAze. (bhAratavarSanA badhA dIpa mana AMkaDAthI darzAvelA che.) bhAratavarSa tenA eka ja dvIpa bharatakhaMDamAM samAI gayA te pahelAMnI tenI vistRta maryAdA spaSTa jaNAI Avaze. siMdhu nadI hAla vahe che te karatAM ghaNI pUrvamAM vahetI, tenI pUrve vipAzA ane tenI ye pUrve sararavatI vahIne khaMbhAtanA akhAtane vaDavAmukha agara prabhArAnI dakSiNamAM mahArNavane maLatI batAvI che. siMdhu ane vipAzA kacchanA raNanI jagyAe samudramAM paDe che, sapta pAtAlanA keTalAka bhAganA saMbaMdha hiMdanA pazcima kinArA sAthe che. AnakazA saMbaMdhI vizeSa carcA ane vivecana ArANika bhUgoLa tathA itihAsane lagatAM be prakaraNAmAM temaja pariziSTa X dhI 3mAM karelAM che.

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pariziSTa mAM 177 judAM sUkato paNa che.15 ane vivedevanI stutiomAM sarasvatIne sthAna maLeluM che. paurANika sarasvatI vatInA paurANika varNanamAM mULa vaidika sarasvatI ane hAlanI traNa judIjudI sarasvatIone eka gaNavAne prayatna thaelo che. A prayatnamAM keTaluMka asaMgatapaNuM che. paraMtu emAM keTalIka paraMparA paNa jaLavAI rahelI che. e badhA varNananA paurANika svarUpanI pAchaLathI e TaluM satya jaNAI Ave che ke sarasvatI mULa eka ja nadI ane teno pravAha luma che. hAla traNa judA judA mULamAMthI nIkaLatI sarasvatIne pavaeNtathI samudra sudhI akhalita vahetI asala sarasvatI sAthe gha TAvavAne A gupta thavAnI bInAe paurANine bahu madada karI che. hiMduoe karmavAdathI jema saMsAranI viSamatAne phaDa karI nAkhe che tema paurANie vaDavAnalathI guma thatI sarasvatInA hAla judA paNa mULa eka evA pravAhano phaDace paNa karI nAkhyo che. ane e kAraNathI nadIo uDAvI devAnI maLelI svataMtratAne lIdhe himAlayamAMthI nIkaLatI sarasvatIne prabhAsa pAse lAvIne samudramAM meLavI che. mULa AgaLa to vaidika ane paurANika sarasvatI eka ja che. paurANika sarasvatI vinazana tIrthamAM nAza pAmI-guma thaI gaI. tyAMthI kurukSetra ane puSkaramAM thaIne abudAraNyamAM AvI. tyAMthI aneka tIrtho AgaLa vahIne vaDavAnalane dhAraNa karIne AvatI sarasvatI jhIlANa tIrtha AgaLa AvI ane tyAMthI samudra dekhAvA mAMDyo paNa temAM vaDavAnalane nAkhe nahi paNa gupta thaI sarasvatI AgaLa cAlI. tyAMthI kuSmAMDezvara Adi tIrtho vaTAvI zatramardana ane kRtammara parvata pAse thaI prabhAsa AgaLa sarasvatI samudrane maLI, vaDavAnalane e samudramAM padharAvyo. prabhAsa AgaLa paurANika sarasvatI sAgara saMgama manAya che. A pramANe sarasvatInA pravAhanI himAlayathI samudrasaMgama sudhInI paraMparA che. A lAMbA pravAhamAM vagere badhuM gagAne lagADavuM. sagara purone tAravA mATe bhagIrathe utArelI bhAgIrathI gaMgAte hAlanI gaMgA nahi paNa sarasvatI. te carcA AgaLa karIzuM. gaMgA, siMdhu ane sararavatI vagere sAta pravAho saptarSio mATe bhAgIrathIe banAvyA ema purANo kahe che. eTale gaMgAnI peThe sararavatI paNa bhAgIrathI thaI. hAla bhAgIrathI ekalI gaMgAne kahe che. zAMtiparva kahe che ke brahmarSio tapa karatA hatA tyAre brahAno zabda kAne paDaze ane svargamAMthI sarasvatI UtarI. A badhA ulekha ane vedamAM gaMgAnuM gaNa rathAna siddha kare che ke sarasvatI vaidika kALamAM mukhya nadI hatI ane te lupta thayA pachI gaMgAnuM mAhAmya vadhyuM. 15 sarasvatInA ullekho to vedamAM asaMkhya che. siMdhunA paNa eTalA nathI, paraMtu sarasvatIne mATe judAM stutinAM sUkato che. (6-61, 7-8 ane 96) e sivAya vizvadevAnAM sUkamAM enA maMtra che. sarasvatIne vidyAdevI ane mArI Aje ApaNe mAnIe chIe tene badale anvedamAM A varNane zuM batAve che? vidyAne badale dravya vagere samRddhi, patnI, saMtAna, rakSaNa, phaLadrupatA vagere mATe sararvatIne stave che. (kveda 7-85 ane 6) kumArikAne badale ene pati sarasvAna kahyo che ane vIra patnI kahI che. sarasvatInI paraMparA tadana lupta jevI thaI che ema A vAta vyakta kare che. 16 ka. 6-61-12mAM sarasvatIne traNa mULamAMthI nIkaLatI kahI che. 11mA maMtramAM AkAza ane pRthvI bharI dIdhAM ema lakhe che. sAyaNa ane artha traNa lokamAM rahenArI e kare che. paraMtu A varNana sarasvatInuM te gaMgAne pAchaLathI lAgyuM ema grIthanuM mAnavuM ThIka jaNAya che. (Tr. of R. Veda I.692 note) atharvaveda 6-100mAM taNa: sarasvata ema viSa utAraNanA sutamAM pahelA maMtramAM che. Ano artha samajAtuM nathI. paraMtu ullekha bhegelika paNa hoya, naMdalAla de emane bhego.laka koSamAM eno artha AsiyA, aphaghAnistAna ane kurukSetra ema traNa sthaLanI sarasvatI e kare che. sarasvatIne asure vagere sAthe saMbaMdha AgaLa bIjA pariziSTamAM carcIzuM. vaidika samayanI himAlayamAMthI nIkaLatI traNa nadI sarasvatI sAthe eka pravAhe maLIne vahetI eTale traNa mULa kahe che ema jaNAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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178 pariziSTa aneka tIrthI ane aneka RSimuneinA AzrameAnAM varNano che. dareka purANanA varNanomAM kAMI ne kAMI phera tA Ave che.17 vedakALa ane sarasvatI luma thayAnI paraMparA vaccenA moTA samaya vedamAM sarasvatI gupta thavAne ulekha nathI. paraMtu vinazana AgaLa sarasvatIne pravAha lupta thavAnI vAta ghaNI prAcIna che. eTale vedakALa pachInA samayamAM sarasvatInA prAcIna pravAha badalAyA ane lupta thatA gayA. sarasvatInA ullekhA AkhA ce saMskRta sAhityamAM ochAvadhatA pramANamAM che. paNa enAM tIrthAMnAM savistara varNana sAthe teA mahAbhAratamAM maLe che. mahAbhAratanA hAlanA svarUpanI zarUAta ane vedanA maMtra samayanA aMta vacce samayane meTA gALeA paDe che. evaDA meATA gALAmAM game tevI paraMparAomAM paNa sudhArAvadhArA ane umerA thAya. eTale sarasvatInA pravAhanI paraMparAmAM mahAbhArata ane bIjAM purANAmAM je bheda paDe che te kudaratI che.19 mahAbhAratanA vanaparvamAM tIrthayAtrAparvamAM sarasvatI samudrasaMgamanuM tIrthaM gaNeluM che.20 eTale purANeAe samudra sudhI sarasvatIne lAvyA chatAM kumArikA gaNI che ane vaDavAnalane sAgaramAM nAkhI pAte pAchI vaLI che ema lakhyuM che e mAtra pAchaLanI kalpanA che ema siddha thAya che. purANeAnI peThe mahAbhArata zalyaparvamAM khaladeva tIrthayAtrA varNanamAM sarasvatIne samudra sudhI lAve che ane prabhAsa pAse ja saMgama thavAnuM kahe che. e varNanamAM prabhAsathI sarasvatInA AkhA pravAha varNavyA che. A badhAM varNana uparathI sarasvatI himAlayamAMthI nIkaLI prabhAsa pAse samudrane maLatI hatI evI eka prAcIna paraMparA cAlI AvelI che; ane hAlanI mAphka hAlanAM purANeAnAM chevaTanAM svarUpa lakhAyAM tyAre paNa paraMparA cAlu hovA chatAM pravAha na heAvAthI sarasvatI tIranAM tIrthAMnI paraMparAo bhegI karI te te tIrthoM AgaLa sarasvatIne pragaTa ane gupta thatI lAvIne eka pravAhanI kathA UbhI karelI che. himAlayathI kAThIAvAhanA kinArA sudhI vahevAnA kAyaDo A badhI paurANika bhUlabhUlAmaNImAMthI kharA pravAha kayA ane kAM thaine vahetA hatA ane kAThIAvADanI hAlanI bhaugAlika sthiti jotAM e pravAha uttara hiMdamAMthI UtarI AvIne kAThIAvADamAM prabhAsa pAse 17 sarasvatInA paiArANika ullekhA ghaNA che. chuTaka tIrthaM sarasvatInA kinAre AvelAM ghaNAM purANAmAM kahelAM che. mahAbhArata vanaparvamAM paNa che. paraMtu ThIka kahI zakAya tevuM varNana kaMdapurANa prabhAsakhaMDamAM, mahAbhArata zalyaparva-baladeva tIrthayAtrA parvamAM che ane padmapurANa sRSi ane uttarakhaMDAmAM che. A sivAya siddhapura ane pATaNa bAju sarasvatI mAhAtmya juduM kathA tarIke kahe che. te uparanA graMthAmAMthI gAThavIne banAveluM lAge che. 18 mahAbhArata ane manusmRti (hAlanA svarUpamAM che te) je samaye racAI teTalI jAnI agara tenAthI saheja jAnI sarasvatI vinazana AgaLa lupta thayAnI paraMparA cAlelI jaNAya che. joke lupta teA tethI vahelI thaI hovI joie. je raNamAM e gupta thAya che enA ullekha prAcIna graMthAmAM AvatA nathI. maita sUtro jeTalI jUnI e vAtane keTalAka mAne che. 19 mahAbhArata saravatIne raNamAM gupta thatI gaNavA chatAM ene dariyAmAM aa meLave che, ane te paNa prabhAsa AgaLa, paraMtu mahAbhAratamAM sarasvatI mAhAtmyanI peThe siddhapura vagere uttara gujarAtanAM tIrthAMnAM varNana nathI. 20 mahAbhArata (niyasAgara) vana. 5. ma. 80 zlA. 57mAM AbuthI nIkaLI zve. 60mAM prabhAsa javAnuM lakhe che ane aaa. 61 thI 63mAM sarasvatI sAgarasaMgame javA kahe che. tyAMthI varadAna tIrtha, tyAMthI dvAravatI (dvArakAM) tyAMthI piMDArakatIrtha ane tyAMthI siMdhusAgara saMgama javA kahe che. A uparathI sararavatI ane siMdhunAM sukha ane saMgama judAM paNa eka ja bhUmivibhAgamAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa A 179 | kevI rIte Avyo e eka meTo koyaDe ukelavA jevuM che. A kAraNathI ghaNuM sarasvatIne vinazana AgaLa ja lupta thaI mAne che. ghaNA ene ghadhdhara nadInA pravAha sAthe joDe che, ane satalaja sAthe meLave che.21 keTalAka mULathI ja ene siMdhunI zAkhA ane siMdhune maLatI jaNAve che tathA vaidika varNanane mAnya rAkhanArA ke TalAka chevaTe eTale sudhI mAne che ke mULa vaidika sarasvatIne pravAha kacchanA raNane maLatA.22 kacchanuM raNa e vakhate samudra hato.23 siMdhu ane sarasvatInI vacce hAlanuM rAjaputAnA ane tharanuM raNa AveluM che te vistAra bahu nAne hate. agara to tyAM rahyuM hatuM ja nahi ane ene badale phaLadrupa jamIna hatI.24 rAjaputAnAnA raNamAM thaI sarasvatI kacchanA raNamAM maLatI. A badhA matanA lekhako paurANika varNanane hasI kADhe che. siddhapura-pATaNa pAsenI sarasvatI ane prabhAsa pAse mAtra judI nAnI nadIo ane gaMgA vagere pavitra nadIonAM nAma bIjI nadIone ApavAne ane e nadIonAM tIrthonAM bIje sthApana karavAno rivAja prAcIna kALathI hatA ema e mAne che ane gujarAtanI hAlanI be sarasvatI nadIone vaidika sarasvatI sAthe saMbaMdha nathI ema spaSTa kahe che. have e prAcIna sarasvatIno pravAha kyAM haze e bAbata bIjo upalabdha sAdhanothI gheDa vicAra karavA prayatna karIe. sarasvatI nadI himAlayamAMthI nIkaLatI e vAta satya che. e svataMtra rIte samudrane 21 A mATe naMdalAlade kata Geographical Dictionary of Ancient IndiamAM sarasvatI zabda juo, yurepiyane ja A mata mAne che. naMdalAla bAbu phakta sarasavatIo judI gaNAve che. 32 Pargiter: Anc. Indian His. Tradition; 24 Anantprasad Banerjee Shastri: Asura in India. Gates of India: 137: Sir Thomas Holdich P. 27, 144. holDIza ane gejheTIaronA lekhake sarasvatIne kacchanA raNamAM svataMtra nahi to siMdhu je kacchanA raNamAM maLatI hatI ema e loka mAne che tene sarasvatI maLatI hatI ema chevaTe mAne che. 23 Sir T. Hollich P. 144. Cutch Gaz.P. 15. I.sa. pUrve sikaMdare caDhAI karI tyAre e vahANa mAraphate siMdhumAMthI kacchanA raNanA samudramAM Ave . hAla raNa che te moTA sarovara je dariyo hato ema enA varNanamAM lakheluM che. pariplasanA varNanamAM kAdava chatAM vahANa jaI zake evuM hatuM. (I.sa. trIjI sadI). pariplasa pachI eka hajAra varSa pachI paNa siMdhune meTo bhAga kacchanA raNamAM thaI dariyAmAM jato, vadhu mATe juo kAThIAvADa gejheTIara pR. 5. kaccha gejheTIara pR. 8mAM lakhe che ke pazcima hiMdanA retALa pradezo kevI rIte banyA tene khulAso kacchanI bhUmithI jaDato nathI. kacchanI bhUmi dariyAI kIcaDa (salt) athavA jaLamaLathI banI hoya ema siddha thatuM nathI. dariyAI tanuM kAMI azmIbhUta avazeSa (fossiles) karachamAM jaDatuM nathI. tethI UlAM nadInA avazeSo jaDe che. e uparathI karacha siMdhu Adi paMjAbanI nadIothI banyo hoya e saMbhava majabUta bane che. 24 Sir T. Holdich P. 144. A lekhaka raNa hatuM paNa siMdhu ane sarasvatInI vacce bahu nAnuM hatuM ema lakhe che. pArjITara paNa ema mAne che paNa tyAM chIcharo samudra hovAnuM mAne che. kharI rIte siMdhu, bIAsa Adi nadIe khasI gaI ane sarasvatI AkhI UDI gaI tethI meTuM raNa thayuM. hastinApurathI dvArakAM sarasvatIne raste jatAM mahAbhAratAdimAM raNane ullekha maLato nathI ane raNa hatuM ja nahi e mata vadhAre sabaLa lAge che. e jagyAe phaLadrupa bhUmi hatI.rajapu bhAgamAM samadra nahato. e mATe juo lnd. His. Ourt. VIII. 2. 354. mahAbhArata ane bhAgavatamAM evI rasAsvata vagere bhAgamAMthI jatAM raNano ullekha maLato nathI. raNa nadIo gayA pachI thayuM che. bhinnamALa AgaLasamudra hovAnI daMtakathA che te siMdhunI zAkhA ke bIAsa hovAno saMbhava che. e jagyAe kacchanuM raNa pAse hovAthI mukha hovAne lIdhe nadI samudra jevaDI pahoLI haze. For Private and Personal Use Only

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180 pariziSTa ga maLatI ane te dakSiNa-pazcimanA samudra e paNa satya che.25 vaidika samayamAM kacchanuM raNa ane siMdhu tathA sarasvatInA mukhapradeza sivAyanA hiMdustAnanA badhA bhAga hAla che tethI kaI rIte khAsa judA AkArano nahAtA ane jalasthala vibhAgamAM bhUstarazAstranI dRSTie thavAnA pheraphAro thaI cUkyA hatA.ra6 eTale sarasvatI je samudrane maLatI te samudra kAM aa arabI samudra agara teA ene kAI bhAga e vAta paNa satya ja che. prabhAsa sudhInA rastA have A sarasvatI prabhAsa AgaLa samudrane maLatI ema mahAbhAratAdi kahe che.27 mahAbhAratanA zalyaparvamAM e vAta spaSTa lakhelI che. paraMtu vanaparvamAM puSkarathI tIM gaNAvatAM adbhuda pachI prabhAsa, te pachI sarasvatI sAgarasaMgama, te pachI dvArakAM ane te pachI siMdhu sAgarasaMgama ema kahe che.28 eTale sarasvatI 25 purANA ane mAhAtmya ane mahAbhAratamAM jayAM sarasvatInA ullekhA che tyAM te vaDavAnalane nAkhavA pazcima--dakSiNa samudramAM jAya che evA ullekha che. 26 amaranAthadAsa (India & Jambu Island) ane keTalAka yuraipiyane DAlemIneA bhUlavALA nakaze. blei e vakhate (I.sa. bIjI sadI) hiMdanA AkAra evA hatA ane hAlanA AkAra dADha hajAra varSa pachI thayA ema mAne che. paraMtu A bhrama che. bhUstarazAstranI dRSrie vaidika samaya (I. sa. 1000 > pUrve) pahelAM seMkaDo varSa agAu hiMdanA hAlanA AkAra pazcima kinArAnA nAnA bhAga sivAya thai cUkyA hatA ane aravallInI uparaneA samudra jatA rahI himAlaya banI cUkayA hatA. jI.e. derAsarIkRta bhUtaravijJAna bhA. 2, khaM. 3 pR. 149. pArjeMTara (pR. 260) dhundhu daityane chIcharA retIthI purAyelA samudra AgaLa marAyAnuM lakhe che te rajaputAnAne samudra ema mAneche. enuM nAma ujAlaka lakhe che. paraMtu ema mAnavAne AdhAra nathI ApyA. e kacchanA raNanA ja bhAga saMbhave che. 27 skaMdapurANa, prabhAsakhaMDa. a. 27 thI 29: mahAbhArata zalyaparva a. 35. caMdrane kSayaroganA nArA mATe zivanI ArAdhanA karavA mATe kahevAmAM Ave che ke samudra pazcimaparavA sarasvaruSTisaMmam || rAyatuavairAM tata: krAntimavAti || 77 || sarasvatIM tataH somaH sajagAmarSi zAsanAt // prabhAsaM prathamaM tIrtha sarasvatyA jagAmaha // 78 // 28 jue pAdaLa neATa 20. mahAbhArata vanaparva tIthaeNyAtrAnA A ullekhAnI noMdha pASTare Ancient Ind. His. Tradition pR. 261 nAM. 1mAM lIdhI che. emAM mahAbhAratanA A anukramane pAchuMTare kharA mAnI lIdhelA jaNAya che. pArtheTara lakhe che ke "AbuthI dikSaNe' prabhAsa ane tyAMthI 'uttare' sararavatI sAgarasaMgama; tyAMthI 'dakSiNe' dvArakAM; ane tyAMthI siMdhunA sukha AgaLa thai siMdhu dvArA uttaramAM javuM. A musArI gheADI jamInamArge ane gheADI jaLamArge thai haze." pArkeTara A zA AdhAre lakhe che te samajAtuM nathI, sararavatI sAgarasaMgama kacchanA raNamAM haze ema dhArIne A lakhANa thayuM jaNAya che. paraMtu mahAbhArate lakhelI jagyAomAM anukrama jevuM kAMI che ja nahi. e lakhANanA artha sAMnidhya ke sAhacarya ethI vadhAre thatA nathI. vanaparvamAM tIrthayAtrAmAM puSkarathI upaDI ekadama jhaMkhumArga kahI sthANutIrthAdi becAra tIrthaM gaNAvI ekadama (zle. 55) dakSiNAdadhine maLanArI narmadAnuM tIrtha kahe che ane te pachI tarata ja carmavatI (Aaa. pa6) caMbala-nadI gaNAve che. bala rajaputAnAmAM ane narmadAnuM sukha gujarAtamAM e saiA jANe che. caMbala pachI (zlA. 57) Abu ane te pachI tarata ja (kSeA. 60) prabhAsa kahe che. A uparathI mahAbhAratamAM krama bhAJAlika sthiti pramANe nathI, koIpaNa yAtrALu AbuthI dakSiNe prabhAsa jaI tyAM pAse AveluM dvArakAM mUkI daI pArthaTara kahe che tema sarasvatI saMgame uttaramAM jaI dvArakAM mATe pAche dakSiNamAM Utare ane siMdhunA mukha mATe pA| uttaramAM caDe, evuM bane nahi ane evA gAMDA yAtrALu hoya paNa nahi, arthAt pArkeTara sararavatInuM mukha kheATI jagyAe dhArIne AvA asaMbhavita tarka kare che. sarasvatInuM mukha prabhAsanI pAse ja hoya te te tyAM ane pAse ja AvelA dvAramAMmAM jAya e saMbhavita che. A vAta sarasvatInuM mukha geApanAtha pAse ke prabhAsa hAla che tyAM ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa IT 181 ane siMdhunAM mukha judAM hatAM e siddha thAya che. bIjuM sarasvatI prabhAsa, dvArakAM vagerenI najIka samudrane maLatI hatI e paNa siddha thAya che. A varNanamAM koI jAtano anukrama jALavela jaNAto nathI. eTale prabhAsa hAla gaNAya che tema sarasvatInA mukha AgaLa ja te samaye hatuM ke cheTuM hatuM te siddha thatuM nathI. zalyaparvanI baladevanI yAtrAnA varNanamAM e mukha AgaLa ja hatuM ema spaSTa lakhe che. paraMtu vana parvamAM tyAM agnitIrtha ja AveluM che ema kahe che, jyAre zalya parvamAM soma thaelA zApanuM varNana ane zavatIrtha hovAnuM lakheluM che. A uparathI vanaparvavALo bhAga zalyaparvavALA bhAga karatAM vahelA lakhAye haze. ane prabhAsa zivatIrtha tarIke na manAtuM hoya eTalI prAcIna paraMparA vyakta kare che. purANa ane te uparathI lakhAeluM sarasvatInuM mAhAbhya zatryaparvavALI vAtanuM samarthana karI sarasvatIne prabhAsa AgaLa ja lAve che. A uparathI samajAze ke sarasvatI prabhAsanI najIkamAM sAgarane maLatI e paraMparA mahAbhAratanA chelA tharathI mAMDI purANa hAlanA svarUpamAM lakhAyAM tyAM sudhImAM barAbara daDha thaI gaI hatI. I.sa. 1030mAM alabarUnIe ApaNAM purANa vagere ane prAcIna bhUgoLa vagereno sAro abhyAsa karelo. e paNa somanAtha pAse sarasvatInuM mukha che ema lakhe che. paraMtu vadhu khulAso eNe karela nathI.29 purANoe karelA sarasvatIne himAlayathI prabhAsa sudhInA pravAhanA varNanamAM bhaugolika dRSTie hAla eka moTo vadhe Ave che. sarasvatI vinazana AgaLa gupta thaI ghadhdhara30 sAthe tene pravAha maLI gayo e mata te have beTe paDyo che. gupta thatI ane bahAra AvatI sarasvatI eka vakhata ambazita pravAhathI kacchanA raNane maLatI ema ghaNuM vidvAne mAnya karyuM che. paraMtu sarasvatI kacchanA raNanA pUrvAvatAra samadrane maLatI e svIkArIe to paurANika AkhI ye paraMparAne vAMdho Ave che. bIjI bAjathI jatAM kAphIAvADa eka vakhate beTa hato. ene gUjarAta sAthe joDAyAne be hajAra varSa paNa hajI thayAM .. nathI.31 sarasvatIne lupta thayAne be hajArathI vadhAre varSa thayAM che. te prazna e thAya che ke rAjaputAnAnI bhUmi vaTAvI dakSiNamAM AvatI sarasvatI gujarAta kAThIAvADa vaccene jalapradeza oLaMgI gIranAM jaMgala vaTAvI prabhAsa pAse samudrane maLavA zI rIte gaI ? A vAMche sarasvatI gujarAtanA dakSiNa pradeza sudhI AvatI ja nahotI ema mAnanArAone Teko Ape che. purANakAra to puSkara ane abuMdAraNyamAMthI AvelI sarasvatI pazcimamAM samudrane dekhI (kacchanA raNane samudra) tyAM vaDavAnalane mUkavAnI AjJA na hovAthI guma thaI dakSiNa samudramAM javA mATe kAThIAvADamAM pragaTa thaI ema lakhI A guMcavaNano nikAla lAvI de che. A banne paurANika vAtothI spaSTa thAya che ke sarasvatI kacchanA raNanA samudrane maLatI nathI paNa tenI eTalAmAM ane dvArakAM mULa dvArakA pAse ke eTalAmAM hoya to vadhAre baMdha bese. joke anukrama te mahAbhAratane khare che ja nahi ane e graMthe nALo paNa nathI. pAITara dvArakAne paNa hAlanA dvArakAnI jagyAe mAnatA lAge che. 29 Sachau's Al Baruni 1. 261. (Trubner's) alabarUnI pAchaLanAM purANone mAnavA lAge che. somanAthathI eka tIra paDe eTale cheTe sarasvatIne mAne che. paraMtu navAinI vAta e che ke alabarUnI (i.sa. 1030) sarasvatI ane gaMgAnA mukhanI vacce narmadAnuM mukha bharUca pAsenuM AveluM che ema lakhe che. AmAM che. keTaluM enI ene gama nathI paraMtu sarasvatI narmadAnA mukhathI pazcimamAM maLatI eTaluM cokhkhuM thAya che. 30 paMjAbanI e ja nAmanI eka nadI. ene paTa paNa Aje sukAelo che. keTalAka ene ja sarasvatI mAne che. 31 481241916 131247 u 44. XXX "And Probably so recently as two thousand years ago this Peninsula was an island." purANe hAlanA svarUpamAM lakhAyAM te samaye kAThIAvADa gujarAtanI bhUmi sAthe joDAvAnI zarUAta thaI hovI joIe ane gujarAta kAThIAvADa vacce pahelAM zuM hatuM e paraMparA bhalAI hevI joIe For Private and Personal Use Only

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182 pariziSTa mA pAse thaI dakSiNamAM Utare che. bIjuM raNa pAsenA bhAgamAMthI kAThIAvADamAM sarasvatIne laI javAno rasto na jaDavAthI purANakA2 ene gupta karI uDAvIne prabhAsa pAse laI jAya che. AthI eTaluM paNa spaSTa thAya che ke sarasvatI kacchanA raNathI AgaLa dakSiNamAM koI sthaLe samudrane maLe che ane e sthaLa kayuM tenI purANakArane khabara nathI. prAcIna paraMparAne AdhAre purANakAra prabhAsa AgaLa mukha dhAre che. nadInA paTamAM thaelo pheraphAra A vastu nakkI karavA mATe pArANika paraMparAne vadhu jhINavaTathI tapAsavAnI jarUra che, ane te sAthe pazcima hiMdanA retALa pradezamAM thaelA pheraphAra ane e pradezamAM thaIne vahetI nadIonA pravAhamAM thaelA pheraphAra tapAsavAnI paNa jarU2 che. emAM pahelI agatyanI vAta e che ke sarasvatI vaDavAnalane laIne samudramAM mUkavA jAya che ane enA tApathI koI jagyAe gupta thaI jAya che. A vaDavAnala e javAlAmukhIthI thaelA utpAtanuM paurANika svarUpa che. 32 ethI spaSTa thAya che ke sarasvatIne pravAha nAza pAmavAmAM jvAlAmukhInA bhUkaMpa Adi utpAta e ghaNAM kAraNomAMnuM eka agatyanuM kAraNa che. pazcima hiMdu stAna ane gujarAtanA bhAgamAM vAraMvAra dharatIkaMpa thatA ane tethI jala-sthalamAM pheraphAra thaI gaelA evA dAkhalA che.33 AvAM kAraNathI ane ativRSTithI thatA jaLapralaya jevA banAvothI khAsa karIne retALa pradezamAM nadIonA pravAha upara bahu asara thAya che. paMjAba, siMdha, rAjaputAnA ane gujarAtanI nadIonA pravAhamAM A rIte ghaNo pheraphAra thaelo che.34 vadhArAmAM uttara goLArdhamAM uttaradakSiNa vahetI nadIo khAsa karIne 32 vaDavAnala eTale javALAmukhI ema vidyAnuM mAnavuM che. (juo na de. mahetAkata zAkata saMpradAya). vaDavAnalane pRthvInA paDamAM ke samudramAM rahelo agni kahe che. ene ArvAnala paNa kahe che. mahAbhAratamAM prabhAsa AgaLa amitIrtha kahe che ane prabhAsa pAse sarasvatI saMgamanI paraMparA che eTale sAravatI vaDavAgnine lAvI samudramAM nAkhe che ene kAMI saMbaMdha hovA joIe. varAhamihira hiMdustAnanA deza gaNAvatAM naiRtyamAM vaDavAmukha AveluM kahe che. A vaDavAmukha pirANika mata pramANe samudramAM cheTe nahi paNa bhAratavarSanA deza tarIke che. eTale sarasvatInA mukha AgaLa jatAM vaDavAgnine samudramAM nAkhyo te bhAga vaDavAmukha pradeza kahevAto hovo joIe. prabhAsa pAse agnitIrtha e vAtane Teko Ape che. vaDavA mukha Akho pradeza eTale prabhAsamAM ja nahi paNa AsapAsano bhAga paNa hoI zake. (varAhamihira khU. saM. nakSatrakurmavibhAga). vaDavAnala, aurvAnala ane enA paTare karelA arthanI carcA karavAne ahIM sthAna nathI. enA arthomAM pAchaLathI ghaNI guMcavaNa thaelI che. 33 skaMdapurANa nAgarakhaMDamAM. hATakezvara kSetra eTale Anarta dezamAM AvA bhUkaMpanA utpAtanA ullekha Ave che. a. 71 zlo. 23. cA vai mUmipatuM saMpragatiH surA: | raghu: prajitaH vathAnAtitaH A banAva tArakAsurane kaMde mAryo tyAre te paDaye te vakhate banyuM ane te vakhate camatkArapuranAM ghara paDI gayAM ema lakhyuM che. vaLI juo Briggs Cities of Gujarastra VII. tArakAsurane ane khaMbhAtanA sthaLane saMbaMdha AgaLa joya che. 38 River Courses of the Punjab & Sind: R.B. Whitehead. (Ind. Ant. Sept. 1932) A gRhara sarasvatInA paTa mATe "hakarA' nadInA nAmathI ThIka prakAza nAkhe che. A nadIenA viSayamAM maMjara ravartI AdhArabhUta gaNAya che. uparokta lekhamAM mI. hAiheDe nadIonA paTanA pheraphAra mATe uttama carcA karyA chatAM sarasvatI mATe prAcIna paraMparA upara dhyAna na ApavAthI badhA jevI bhUla karI che, ane hAlanI nadIonI carcA karI che. saravatInA gupta thavAnuM kAraNa saras eTale taLAvovALI nadI ane taLAva khetI mATe karelAM tethI e nadI kadI samudrane pahoMcI ja nathI ane gupta thaI che ema lakhe che. paraMtu 'hakA" agara eka evI moTI nadI adazya thaI che ke jene kadAca siMdha paNa maLatI hoya ane paMjAbanI bIjI nadIo ane jamanA maLatI hatI ema lakhe che. je mATe lekha vAMcavA jevo che. retALa jamInamAM nadIonA paTa vIsathI trIsa mAila pahoLAImAM pheraphAra thAya che ema mejara revanuM mAnavuM che. e lakhe che ke satalaja trIsathI pAMsaTha mAIla pazcimamAM khasI che. cInAba rAvI vagerenuM paNa evI rIte thayuM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa e 183 dha retALa pradezamAM pUrva taraphathI pazcima tarapha pRthvInA pitAnI dharI uparanA dainika bhramaNane lIdhe dharatI jAya che. Ama paMjAbanI nadIonA pravAha hAla che evA pUrve nahotA. siMdhu Adi nadIo hAla karatAM ghaNI pUrvamAM vahetI ane siMdhu potAnI zAkhAo sAthe kacchanA raNamAM maLatI.35 bIAsa nadI svataMtra kacchanA raNanA samudrane maLatI.36 satalaja sarasvatInI ke bIAsanI zAkhA hatI.37 jamanA sarasvatIne maLatI ema mAnavAne kAraNu che. 38 siMdhu ane enI zAkhAo, bIAsa ane enI zAkhAo hAla che tenAthI ghaNI pUrvamAM vahetI eTale sarasvatIno pravAha paNa hAla manAya che tyAMthI pUrvamAM hato. sarasvatI puSkaramAM thaIne vahetI ema badhAM purANe kahe che, ane puSka2 prAcIna kALathI ajameranI pAse che e siddha thaelI vAta che. eTale uparane siddhAMta mAnya rAkhIe to sarasvatI himAlayamAMthI 35 e ja pu. 168. maeNjara revaTanuM mAnavuM che ke eka vakhata sidhu nadI hakarAnI (dhaghara athavA saravatI) zAkhA hatI. mi. vahAiTaheDa lakhe che ke eNlekajhAMDaranA AvyA pachI siMdhu ane gaMgAnA pravAha ane mukhamAM dhaNa pheraphAra thayA che. A hakIkata ghaNI agatyanI che. juo amaranAthadAsa kan India and Jambu Island P. 12421. dAsa to eTale sudhI kahe che ke hAlane siMdhune pravAha te prAcIna kAbulane pravAha che. siMdhu to dhaNu pUrvamAM vahetI. 36 River Courses of the Punjab & Sind: Whithead (Ind. Ant. 1932. Sept). zrIyuta amaranAtha dAsa bIAsa (vedanI vipAzA) satalaja (vedanI tudrI) jamanA ane bhAgIrathI pAse pAse vahevAnuM lakhe che. epalenIsasa epheise bIAsa mAraphate samudramAM musApharI karI hatI ane eNe bIAsanA mukha pAse darathI siMdhunuM mukha joyuM hatuM. eTale bIAsa ane siMdhu kacchanA raNane maLatI hovI joIe. rA. dAsa A ullekhamAM bIAsanI pAse e musAphare kahelI bhAgIrathIno ullekha kare che te joke spaSTa karelo nathI paraMtu e pote ja lakhe che ke e nadI sarasvatI devI joI beo dhAre che ke bIAsa svataMtra dariyAne na maLatI hoya te sarasvatIne maLatI hatI ane tenI mAraphate vahANamAM javAnuM. paraMtu bIAsa ravataMtra samudrane maLatI e paraMparA vicitra rIte tArIkhe hAphIjha aba (Illiot IV) mAM jaLavAI rahI che. emAM "bIA nadIne "khaMbhAtanA rAjyamAM thaIne samudramAM paDatI lakhI che ane jamanAne gujarAtamAM thaI samudramAM paDatI lakhI che. jamanA sararavatIne maLatI ane sarasvatI nAza thayA pachI gaMgAne maLI e AgaLa I. uparokta tavArIkhamAM jamanA gujarAtamAM AvatI ema lakhyuM che. 39 Whitehead:-River Courses of the Punjab & Sind. 'The Sutluj was a tributary of the Hakra' kalakattA rahayumAM mi. eDahAme te hakarAne ja satalaja dhArelI che. hakarA e hAlanI uttaranI sarasvatInuM bIjuM nAma che te joyuM che. 38 e ja Hakra was fed by both Satlaj and Jumna." mi. vhAITaheDa lakhe che ke khetIvADI khAtAnA mi. nIkalasananA mata pramANe (1916) ema siddha thayuM ke tAMga nadIne mAIla pahoLo paTa e jamanAne jane paTa che. AgaLa jamanA cautAMga mAraphate hakarAne maLatI ema lakhe che. A tAMga (Chautang) e vaidika dazadvatI nadI che je sarasvatInI zAkhA hatI ane jenI ane sarasvatInI vacceno bhAga brahamavarta kahevAto. enI pachI tarata ja jamanA nadI Ave che. jamanA sarasavatIne maLatI te mATe vadhArAmAM juo. Oxford Survey of Br. Empire Asia P. 11. By Herberton and Howarth (Geology). rA. amaranAtha dAsa lakhe che ke kailemInA vakhatamAM sarasvatInA upalA ane nIcalA pravAha judA thaI gayA ane vacceno bhAga aMta:zIlAne nAme oLakhAvA lAgyA jene purANevinazana athavA sarasavatI gupta thaI ema kahe che. hakarAne suke meTe paTa bhAvalapura rAjyamAM thaI bIkAneranA raNamAM Ave che. hakarA eTale nIcI sapATInuM raNa. A uparathI mIharAna nadI (Eastern Nara) paMjAbanI kaI nadI haze te kahevuM muzkela che. kadAca siMdhunI pazcimanI zAkhA hoya. A nadI cheka padaramI sadI sudhI hatI (juo mehena je Dere ane InDasalI-sara jona mAlita), te hAla nathI, eTale e nadI paNa lupta thaI che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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184 pariziSTa A nIkaLI kuzcetramAM thaIne puSkara-ajamera pAse thai vahetI hoya e mAnavA jevuM che. tyAMthI arjudAraNyamAM thaIne sarasvatI dakSiNa tarapha jatI hatI. sarasvatIne dakSiNano pravAha avRMdAraNya cheDIne gujarAtanI hadamAM peThA pachI sarasvatInA pravAha nakkI karavAnuM kAma bahu guMcavaNabhareluM che. purANakAra prabhAsa ane puSkaranI vacce je je tIrthAM gaNAve che tenA patto lAgavA muzkela che. sarasvatInA mAhAtmyamAM aMbAjI AgaLathI nIkaLI sidhdhapura pATaNa AgaLa thaIne vahetI nadIne sarasvatI nadI kahI enAM tIrtho lakhyAM che. A nadI prAcIna sarasvatI hAya ema teA manAya ja nahi. paraMtu eTalA pradezamAM prAcIna sarasvatInA pravAha koI sthaLe haze emAM zaMkA nathI. mAhAtmyamAM e sarasvatI jhIlANa tIrthaMka AgaLa samudrane dekhIne tyAM na maLatAM dakSiNa tarapha gayAnuM lakhe che, jyAre uparokta pravAha kacchanA raNanA samudrane maLe che. jhIlANathI prabhAsa sudhI bahu thoDAM tIrthaM gaNAvyAM che, ane emanA sthaLanirNaya thaI zakatA nathI. mahAbhAratamAM khaladeva tIrthayAtrAmAM prabhAsathI kukSetra sudhInAM tIrthoM gaNAvyAM che te ane paurANika tIrthAMmAM paNa phera che, ane mahAbhAratanAM tIrthAMnA paNa patto lAgatA nathI.40 khaMbhAtanA akhAta e sarasvatInuM sukha A badhI guMcavaNanA nIkAla sarasvatI arbudAraNyamAMthI saheja pazcima tarapha vaLI pAlaNapura--rAdhanapuranA pradezamAM kacchanA raNanA samudranI saheja pAse jaI temAM na paDatAM dakSiNa tarapha vaLI naLaThaMDA ane khaMbhAtanA raNane raste vahI khaMbhAtanA akhAtarUpe kAThIAvADanA dakSiNa kinArAnI hada sudhI jaI tyAM samudrane maLe che ema mAnIe teA thai zake che. ema mAnavA mATe je je pramANa hAya te have teIe. siMdhu ane sarasvatInAM mukha sarasvatI siMdhune maLatI nahotI paNa svataMtra kacchanA raNanA samudrane maLatI hatI eTale sudhI teA vidvAno mAnya rAkhe che. paraMtu te sAthe siMdhu kacchanA raNanA upalA bhAgamAM maLatI ane lUNI e siMdhunuM pUrva taraphanuM 39 jhIlatIrtha prabhAsakhaMDa ke mahAbhAratamAM nathI paNa mAhAtmyamAM che ane ane ghaNA jhIMjhuvADA dhAre che. paraMtu kacchanA raNane maLatI sararavatI Aje paNa jhIMjhuvADA AgaLa nathI AvatI. mAhAtmyanA lekhaka nadIne jhIlANa tIrthaMthI samudra dekhAvA chatAM tyAM vaDavAnalane na mUkatAM dakSiNamAM lai jAya che. eTale A tIrtha rAdhanapura rAjyamAM AveluM jhIlavANa gAma baMdha bese che. jhIMjhuvADA pAse jhillANaMda kuMDane jhAlAtIrthaM mAnavAmAM bhAgelika vAMdhA paNa che. vizvAmitre sarasvatI upara AvelA zaMga tIrthamAM tapa karyuM ema ullekha che te tIrtha 'sAgarApe' sAgaranI pAse nIcI jamInamAM ema paNa ullekha che. pASTara (pR. 26) ene artha ema kare che ke enI najIka sararavatI samudrane maLatI haze ane te kacchanA raNanA ke rajaputAnAnA samudra, paraMtu pArTreTaranA A lakhANane AdhAra nathI. sarasvatI e ja samudrane maLI ema kAI jagyAe lakhyuM nathI. jayAre mAhAtmyamAM jhIlANa tIrtha pAse samudra dekhAtA hatA paNa saravatI yAM maLatI nahotI te lakhANa kharUM che.rIMga tIrthaM eTalAmAM haze. mAhAtmyamAM te ApeluM nathI. amIcakumAra cakravartI inDIyana hIraTArikala kvArTaralI. (7-2-354)mAM lakhe che ke vinazana nAmaja batAve che ke te pahelAM saravatI AgaLa vahetI ane rajaputAnAvALA samudra (pA Tara kahe che te) hatA nahi. 40 kharI rIte puSkarathI prabhAsanI vaccenAM tIrthAMmAM bahu goTALA che. dareka graMtha judAMjudAMtIrtha Ape che. sararavatI mAhAtmya paNa arbudAraNyathI kacchanA raNa sudhI bahu tI gaNAvI pachI TuMkAvI nAkhe che. kharI rIte kurukSetra cheDayA pachI sarasvatInA TukaDA thayA che eTale paraMparAe cAdarAkhyAM eTalAM jAnAM ane bIjAM navAM tItha thayAM, ane te game tema samayane anusarIne geAThavAyAM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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rA. ba. mAdhavarAma harinArAyaNa vyAsa dIvAna : tA. 17-4-1894 thI tA. 2- 7-1913 esa. adula latIpha khAna dIvAna : tA. 29-7-17 thI tA. 21-6-17 ke. Ara. amanajI dIvAna : tA. 22-9-17 thI tA. 21-1-1pa eNDaminisTreTara : tA. 22-1-15 thI tA. 22-4-18 vI. ke. nAmajozI eDaminisTreTara : tA. 23-4-18 thI tA. 10-6-29 jI. eca. guggalI, AI sI. esa. eNDaminisTreTara: tA. 11-6 -29 thI tA. 1-7-29 For Private and Personal Use Only

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185 pariziSTa bI chevaTanuM mukha hatuM ema paNa grIka lekhakonA mata uparathI vidvAne mAne che.41 eno artha eTalo ja che ke siMdhu ane enI bIjI sahacarIo pUrvamAM rAjapUtAnAnA raNamAM pazcima bhAga sudhI vahetI hatI. vedamAM sAta sAta sakhIovALI traNa mahAnadIo kahelI che.42 temAM pahelI siMdhu, bIjI sarasvatI, ane trIjI gaMgA sAthe ahIM saMbaMdha nathI. siMdhu ane sarasvatI pitAnI sAta sAta zAkhAo sahita svataMtra rIte samudrane maLatI. eTale siMdhunAM mukha hAlanA kacchanA moTA raNanI jagyAe mAnIe to sarasvatI paNa e ja dizAmAM samudrane maLatI hovAthI kacchanA raNanA nIcalA bhAgamAM ke ethI saheja dakSiNe enuM mukha hevuM joIe ema mAnavuM paDe.43 mahAbhArata pramANe siMdhu ane sarasvatInAM mukha cheka pAse pAse nathI, ane sarasvatInA mukhane siMdhunA mukha karatAM prabhAsanuM sAhacarya vadhAre che ane purANe ene Teko Ape che te jotAM kacchanA raNamAM ja upara nIce siMdhu ane sarasvatI ane samudrane maLatI ema mAnavAne vAMdho Ave che. bIAsa nadI svataMtra rIte samudrane maLatI ane enuM mukha siMdhunA mukhanI pAse hatuM 89 Ptolemy's Ancient India: Mcerindle: (Bengal) P. 33-37. clan Ryti uid Yu Tua Lee temAM pUrva taraphanuM mukha kacchanA raNamAM pUrvottara khUNAmAM paDatI luNI nadIne "lIbArAe nAmathI kahe che. TelemI (I.sa. 250 lagabhaga) sararavatAne dhyAnamAM leto lAgato nathI. sidhu pachI gaMgAnAM mukha gaNAve che. A gaNatroe ghaNAne bhramamAM nAkhyA che. TolemInI bhUgoLane akSarazaH satya mAnIne amaranAtha dAse je goTALo Ubho karyo che te AgaLa jaIzuM. paraMtu mekakkIMDala paNa goTALAmAM paDe che. TolemI kahe che ke gaMgAnAM mukhamAM jamaNuM athavA pazcimanuM mukha kuMbIna' (Kambyson) che. ane DAbuM agara pUrvanuM mukha kaMberi khAna che. mekakrInDala TaeNlemI upara carcA karatAM kahe che TolemI (pR. 101) baMgAnI A traNa mukhya zAkhAone gaMgAne sarasavatI sAthe saMbaMdha triveNI AgaLa thAya che tyAMthI judI paDe che. traviNIthI sarasvatI kaMbIna mukhamAM pazcimamAM gaI ane jamanA judI paDI vaccenA mukhamAM gaI ane pUrva taraphanI gaMgA te hAlanI pallA nadI. have A triveNIne upalI asaMbhavita ghaTanA baMdha besADavA baMgALamAM zodhe che, ane koIpaNa traNa nadIA maLI tene triveNI kahevAnA rivAjane bhUlI baMgALamAM triveNIne lAve che. TelemInA varNana uparathI te prasiddha alAhAbAdanI triveNI ja che. A AkhA varNanamAM TolemIthI Aja sudhIne goTALo cAlelo che. UlaTuM enuM varNana batAve che ke eNe siMdhu pachI turata gaMgAnAM mukha game tema lIdhAM che ane pote hiMda Avelo nathI eTale sAMbhaLeluM lakhyuM che. eTale siMdhuthI hiMdanI AkhI paheLAImAM gaMgAnAM mukha pAtharyA che ane kebInamAM madhya hiMdamAMthI chUTI paDI pazcimamAM AvelI gaMgA athavA bhAgIrathI te sarasvatI e paraMparAne Teko Ape che. ene hAla baMgALanA upasAgaramAM kheLavI e bhrama kaeNmbIna paNa thaMbhatIrtha ke kuMbhapurane maTeke na ApI zake? bhAgIrathI gaMgA sarasvatInuM nAnuM nAma che te AgaLa joizuM. sarasavatInuM pAvana paMNA upara gayuM ane gaMgA pUrvamAM gaI te sAthe keTalIka paraMparA paNa pazcimamAMthI pUrvamAM gaI. 42 veda 10-75. AmAM 5 sapta saY 2dhA phri mu: ema sAta sAtanA traNa mahAnadIonA pravAhane ullekha che, ane siMdhune meTI kahelI jaNAya che. anukrama gaMgAthI pazcima taraphanA lIdhe che. baMne ne mune sarasvatI zuddhi sto savatA pAgyA || zivanyA mahAvitastayAjJavI rAkhullA mumacA || e pachI rasA siMdhu kubhA gomatIe ItyAdi nAma Ape che. A sapta pAchaLanuM hoI gaMgAyamunAnA pradezanI pAra Arya saMskRti gayAnuM sUcave che. A nadIenAM nAma hAlanI nadIonI sAthe besADavA prayatna thayA che, paraMtu te badhA saphaLa thaelA nathI. A sa ta vaidika RSinuM bhaugolika jJAna batAve che. 43 karachanA raNanA upalA bhAgamAM siMdhu ane bIAsanAM mukha hatAM ane kacchano akhAta sararavatInuM mukha hoya ema koi kahe paraMtu emAM AkhI ye pirANika paraMparA ane prabhAsa AgaLanA saMgamane vAMdho Ave.siddhapuravALI sarasvatIne sarasvatI mAnanArA kacachane akhAta sAme ja hovAthI ene enuM mukha mAne che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa nA evo eka ullekha maLe che te joyuM. e uparathI sarasvatI kacchanA raNamAM nahotI maLatI e vAtane vadhAre Teko maLe che. kavi rAjazekhara uttarApatha ane pazcima dezanI bhUgoLa lakhatAM te bannemAM sarasvatI nadI lakhe che.44 e uparathI A be nadIe hAla dekhAya che te pramANe taddana judI ke eka ja pravAha e nakkI thatuM nathI. temaja pazcima dezanI sarasvatI te pATaNa siddhapuravALI ke prabhAsavALI te paNa rAjazekharanA lakhANa uparathI spaSTa thatuM nathI.45 paNa rAjazekhara pachI ekAda sadI pachI alabarUnI pazcima dezamAM prabhAsanI sarasvatIne ja ulekha kare che. e game tema hoya to paNa e banne sarasvatIo judI nadIo hovAno jeTalo saMbhava che teTalo ja saMbhava eka ja nadI hovAno che. dAkhalA tarIke bhUgaLano lekhaka godAvarIne mahArASTramAM paNa lakhe ne AMdhramAM paNa lakhe. muMbAI IlAkAmAM paNa lakhe ne madrAsa IloDAmAM paNa lakhe. ethI karIne godAvarI eka ja che tema sarasvatI paNa eka gaNI hoya ane rAjazekhare ema lakhavAmAM paurANika paraMparA paNa layamAM rAkhI hoya. sarasavatI ane uttara gujarAtanI nadIo vaDavAnala athavA vAlAmukhI ane dharatIkaMpane lIdhe ane ativRSTine lIdhe pazcima hiMdanI nadIomAM je moTA pheraphAra thaI gayA? temAM keTalIka moTI nadIonA pravAha badalAyA uparAMta keTalIka nadIonA TukaDA paNa thaI gayA. sarasvatI AkhI ye lupta thayAthI ene maLanArI keTalIka nadIo siMdhune ane keTalIka gagAne maLI.47 nIcANanA retALa pradezamAM enA TukaDA paNa thaI gayA ane gujarAtamAM banAsa, pATaNanI sarasvatI, sAbaramatI vagere nadIo banI gaI48 eTale prAcIna sarasvatInI badhI paraMparAo A badhA pradezamAM vahetI nadIone ochIvadhatI lAgu paDI ane enAM tIrtho e badhI nadIoe vecI lIdhAM. A rIte sarasvatInAM keTalAMka tIrtha sAbaramatI upara AvyAM che.49 sarasvatI lupta thayA pachI 44 rAjazekharakata zrAvyanAMkSA, (Baroda OrientalSeries). A ullekha navamI sadInA aMtane eTale alabarUnIthI eka saMke june kahI zakAya. 45 uttarApathamAM je sarasvatI kavi rAjazekhara lakhe che ke hAlanI sarasvatI kahevAtI nAnI nadI ane vinAzana (patiyAlA)mAM gata thatA sarasvatI che. A vinazana pAse sthAnezvara ane tyAM pRthuka eTale uttarApatha ane madhya deza tathA pazcima dezanI sarahadanuM thAna; eTale rAjazekhara be saravatI lakhe che. paraMtu rAjazekharanI bhUgoLa bahu TUMkAmAM che eTale koI spaSTa thatuM nathI. paNa paraMparAne e kavie dhyAnamAM to lIdhI ja haze. vinazana zreta sUtre jeTaluM jUnuM chatAM e ulle 46 gujarAtanA bhAgamAM A kAraNathI pheraphAra thayA, jyAre uttara hiMdamAM A kAraNe uparAMta musalamAna samayanA zarUAtanA bhAgamAM khAdAelI naherethI paNa pheraphAra thayA che. prAcIna musalamAna lekhake karelAM paMjAba ane pazcima madhya hiMdanI nadIonAM varNanamAM Aje ghaNe pheraphAra dekhAya che. eTale chellAM hajAra varSamAM paNa paMjAbanI nadIomAM pheraphAra thayA che. 47 India & Jambu Island: A. Das: P. 121. sarasvatInA TukaDA thayA bAbata rA. dAsanuM lakhANa vAMcavA jevuM che. enuM dariyA sAthenuM mukha uparanA pravAhathI kapAIne juduM paDI gayuM. siMdhu cheka pazcime javAthI satalajAdi sarasvatIne badale siMdhane maLavAthI sidhu sAtheno saMbaMdha cheka tUTI gaye, satalaja, bIAsa badhI sidhune maLatI thaI gaI ane jamanA gaMgAne maLatI thaI. sarasvatInuM potAnuM pANuM dhambaramAM jaI sakAI gayuM. 48 gujarAtanI hadamAM uttara hiMdamAMthI koI moTI nadI AvatI hatI ema bhustarazAstrIonuM mAnavuM che. hAlanI gujarAtanI nadIo enA kakaDA che e AgaLa joizuM. 49 juo padmapurANAMtargata satramatI nahUiIi . kapAlamecana tIrtha, saMsAraravata tIrtha, sematIrtha, vagere sAbaramatIne kinAre AvyAM che. mahAbhArata zalya parva vageremAM saravatInAM prabhAsa sivAya uparanAM badhAM tIrtha kurukSetranI lagabhagamAM ja kahyAM che. tema chatAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 187 jema enuM pAvanatva gaMgAmAM gayuM tema enAM tIrthoM kurukSetrathI gUjarAta sudhImAM vaheMcAi gayAM. skaMdapurANamAM eka kathA A vAtane Teko Ape che. vizvAmitranA zApathI rudhiravALI thaelI sarasvatInuM jala ceAkhkhuM karavA mATe arbudAraNyamAM vasiSThe ekIvakhate e nadIo utpanna karI te eka sarasvatI ane khIjI sabhramathI utpanna thaI mATe sAbhramatI-sAbaramatI.50 ethI jaNAya che ke arbudAraNya aDacA pachInA mULa sarasvatInA pravAha pATaNanI sarasvatI ane sAbaramatInA sAMnidhyavALA bhAgamAM hAvA joie ane vaDavAnala-jvAlAmukhIpa1-bhUkaMpa-thI e pravAha UDI jaI A nAnI nadIo thaI gaI. gUjarAta ane kAThIAvADa vacce sarasvatIne pravAha paurANika paraMparA ane tIrthaMvarNana dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM arbudAraNya mUkIne sarasvatInA pravAha siddhapura Adi sthaLeA pAse thaI pazcima tarapha vahI jhIlANanI lagabhagathI dakSiNa tarapha vaLyA ema mAnI zakAya. tyAMthI naLakaMThe|52 ane khaMbhAtanuM raNapa3 jene dariyAnI khADInA purAelA bhAga mAnavAmAM Ave che te ye kurukSetrathI prabhAsanI vacce tIrthaM niha hoya ema mAnavAne kAraNa nathI. ethI UlaTuMzalyaparvanA e bhAga tIrthAMnI paraMparA cAda hAvAthI ane rathaLa bhUlAI javAthI badhAMne eka jagyAe mUkayAM jaNAya che. prabhAsa Aja sudhI prasiddha hAvAthI ene te bIje mUkAya tema hatuM nahi. padmapurANa A bAbatamAM kharUM' paNa hoya. joke e mATe nizcita tA kAI kahI zake tema nathI. sAbaramatI ane sara2vatI taTanAM tIrthaM eka e vAta bahu sUcaka che. 50 skaMdapurANa nAgarakhaMDa a. 173. siddhapuravALI sarasvatI ane sAbaramatInuM utpanna thavAnuM Ama eka mULa ane eka ja samaya tathA vyakti e bahusUcaka che. padmapurANa sAbhramatI eTale bhamatI gaMgA kahe che. skaMdapurANa sarasvatIne kurI svaccha karatAM sabhramathI sAbhramatI vasiSThe utpanna karI ema kahe che. e batAve che ke para parAnI jhAMkhI hovA chatAM eka ja mahAnadInA TukaDA hovAnI vAta purANakAra bhUlI gayA che. paraMtu bhamatI gaMgA ane saMbhrama e baMne vAta sarasvatI je mULa gaMgA ja che te vAtane TekA Ape che. zrama pama ratnA vizvAmitrasya porpAra // 10 // pratyena vinnenA hoSanaabhyaaN nirIkSaNAt // ekasya salilaM kSiptaM yatrajAtA sarasvatI ||12|| dvitIyastu pravAhoyaH saMbhramAttasya nirgataH // sAca sAbhramatI nAma nadI jAtA dharAtale ||14|| 51 gUjarAtanA, kaccha kADIAvADanA, siMdha vagerenA bhAga vAraMvAra bhUkaMpathI pIDAyAnuM AgaLa oI gayA. aMbAjI mAtA pAse ArAsura vagere tathA Abu vageremAM bhUkaMpa vAraMvAra thAya che te Aje paNa jANItuM che. aMbAjInA prakApathI kuMbhAriyAnAM daherAM banyAnI AkhyAyikA bhUkaMpa ane jvALAmukhInuM kArya ja vyakta kare che. gujarAtamAM seA varSe upara-I.sa. 1819mAM je pracaMDa bhUkaMpa thayA temAM keTalA pheraphAra thayA te jANItI vAta che. kacchamAM siMdhunI chellI zAkhA lakhapata baMdara AgaLa thaine vahetI hatI te hamezane mATe lupta thaI ane raNamAM ghaNA bhAga UMcAnIcA thaI gayA. e bhUkaMpa najare onArA kahe che ke e vakhate jamIna nadInA meATA taraMgAnI peThe uchALA letI hatI. (jue kaccha gejheTIara-bhUkaMpanuM varNana). chellAM seA varSamAM paNa gujarAtamAM dharatIkaMpa traNathI cara vakhata thayAnuM noMdhAeluM che. AbunA bhAgamAM te ghaNIvAra thayA che. Ama seA varSa pahelAM pheraphAra thaI nadI khasI gaI te chellAM traNa hajAra varSamAM pheraphAra thAya temAM navAI nathI. chellA dharatIkaMpe (1819) paNa eTaluM badhu bhulI nAkhyuM che ke pahelAMnuM samajAya nahi. jue vhAiTaheDanA paMjAbanI nadIonA lekha. para kAThIAvADa ane gUjarAtanI vacce ane khaMbhAtanA akhAta ane kacchanA raNanA agni khuNAnI vacce A naLa sAvara AveluM che. 1827mAM mi, melavIla (Melvill) kahe che ke enI ane raNanI vaccenA bhAga eTaleA nIceA che ke kAi vastIvALA bhAga bhAgye ja eTalA nIcA heAya. naLa ane bhAgAvA nadInA nIcaleA pravAha maLIne najIkanA bhUtakALamAM dirayAne phAMTA haze ema gejheTIaranA lekhakAnuM mAnavuM che. ativRSTi vakhate kacchanA raNanuM pANI naLamAM Ave che ane vadhIne khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM paNa jAya che, e vakhate kADIAvADa Aje paNa beTa banI jAya che. naLane kAMThe kANAM kAtarelA meATA paththara For Private and Personal Use Only

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188 pariziSTa I raste e pravAha khaMbhAtanA akhAta AgaLa Avato. gujarAta ane kAThIAvADanI vacce A paTe dariyAI khADI ja pahelAM haze ane sukAelI nadIne paTa nahi hoya ema siddha karavAne kAraNa nathI.54 retALa pradezamAM uttara dakSiNa vahetI nadIo pitAno paTa 20thI 30 mAIla AghopAcho badale che ane paTa jato rahe che tema te jagyAe raNa thaI rahe che.55 e paTanuM pANI khAruM rahe che tethI paNa te dariyo ja nIkaLe che jene vahANanAM prAcIna vakhatanAM laMgara kahe che. i.sa. 1788 sudhI partaNavADa (Partanvada) mIThApura sudhI bhAva. nagaranAM vahANa mIThuM laI AvatAM ane bhAlanuM rU laI jatAM. kAThIAvADa gejheTIarane lekhaka A bhAga purAvAnuM kAraNa khaMbhAtanA akhAta purato gaye ema mAne che. e kAraNa cheDe aMze hoya kharuM. kAraNake akhAtanA hAlanA bhAgamAM bharatI ane narmadA vagerenA pravAhathI jaLamaLa ghasaDAI jAya paNa naLa ane tenI nIcenA bhAgamAM moTI nadIo na maLavAthI jaLamaLa bharAto jAya. amadAvAda gejheTIaramAM A vibhAga purAvAnuM kAraNa eka AkhyAyikA ke jemAM TIToDInuM IMDuM taNAyuM hatuM ane garuDe samudra sukAvyo hato e Ape che. eTale koIpaNa rIte tyAMthI samudra athavA samudra jevaDo jala. samaha sakAya eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che. vahANanAM laMgara maLe che te prAcIna DhabanAM che te paNa sucaka che. (juo amadAvAda gejheTIara pR. 16 ane kAThIAvADa gejheTIara pR. 559). pa3 khaMbhAtanuM raNa naLakaMThAnI nIcethI khaMbhAtanA akhAta sudhI jAya che. enuM varNana AgaLa kareluM che. 54 nadIo khasavAthI raNa thayAnA dAkhalA pazcima hiMdamAM ja khAsa maLe che. juo AgaLa jaNAvela mi. hAITaheDano au: "Subsequently the rivers deserted their ancient beds, retreated to the North West (im 112), and a vast tract of country became a waterless desert." X X "A huge river system which once flowed down from mountains through Bhavalpur, and which has wholly disappeared." A mahAnadI gusa thaI tenuM chelluM cinha cheka aDhAramI sadI sudhI hatuM ema e lekhaka lakhe che. A raNanA rastA upara pahelAM phaLadrupa jagyAe AvelAM nadI taTanAM zahere ne gAmanA ujaDa TekarA Aje paNa paDelA che. kAThIAvADa gejheTIara pR. 78 (Geology)mAM kAThIAvADa gUjarAta vaccenA A paTAne mATe A pramANe lakhyuM D." In tertiary and Post tertiary times Kathiawar was an Island. The Indus or some other large river, flowed into an arm of the sea, which probably streached nearly if not quite as far as Lahor. When the Indus or the other river changed its course, and entered the sea through the lesser run. Jhalawad was a shallow muddy lagoon connected with the sea both through the gulfs of Cutch and Cambay." pachI lakhe che ke khaMbhAtano akhAta pAcho haDato gayo tema bhAla pradeza baMdhAto gaye ane siMdhu hAlanI jagyAe gaI tyAre jhAlAvADa phaLadrupa banyuM. kA. gejheTIarane lekhaka kAThIAvADane jvALAmukhIthI utpanna thaye gaNe che jyAre ImpIrIala gejheTIara (Vol. 1. pp. 37-38. (Geology) aravalalI je jUnAmAM jUne che teTale jUne kAThIAvADa gaNe che. paraMtu rAjaputAnAnA raNamAM | hovAnuM jaNAve che. bhUratarazAstra pramANe hiMdustAnanuM hAlanuM svarUpa baMdhAtAM pahelAM himAlaya thatAM pahelAM rAjaputAnAmAM bhale dariye hoya paraMtu vaidika samayamAM tyAM dariyo nahoto e joI gayA. A bAbata vaidika samayane lAgu pADe te gejheTIaranA lekhako sarasvatIne dhyAnamAM nathI letA e ja kAraNa che. eTale jema patiyALAnuM raNa, bhAvalapuranuM, rajaputAnAnuM tema gujarAtamAM rAdhanapurathI gUjarAta kAThIAvADa vacce Avelo naLakaMThA ane khaMbhAtanuM raNa e badhuM mahAnadI khasI jaI lupta thavAthI raNa thaI gayuM. e saLaMga paTAmAM uttaranI peThe dakSiNamAM paNa nadI ja khasI gaI ne raNa thayuM, samudra sukAIne nahi. vadhu AgaLa joIzuM. 55 AgaLa hAITaheDanA lekhanA paMjAbanI nadIonA ullekhamAM vIsathI trIsa mAIla pahoLA paTamAM nadIne pravAha badalAyA kare che ane eMzI mAla cheTe paNa jAya che te joyuM. te jotAM rAdhanapura ane kAThIAvADa gUjarAta vacce raNano paTo samudra For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa A 189 haze ema mAnI zakAya nahi. je pheraphAra ane utpAthI sarasvatI AkhI ye lupta thaI gaI te ja pheraphArathI ane utpAtothI kaccha ane khaMbhAtanA akhAtanAM mukha pahoLAM thaI samudranAM pANI nadInA paTamAM pese ane tethI pANI khAruM thAya. vaLI moTI pahoLI nadIo potAnA mukhathI ghaNA mAIla sudhI khArI hoya che e te Aje paNa jovAmAM Ave che. khaMbhAtane akhAta have sarasvatI khaMbhAtanA raNane raste UtarI AvatI hoya ema mAnIe to paNa te khaMbhAtanA akhAtane maLatI nahotI. khaMbhAtano akhAta pote ja sarasvatInuM pahoLuM thaI gaeluM mukha che. khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM AvelA pIrama beTanA amIbhUta avazeSothI siddha thAya che ke khaMbhAtanA akhAta pUrve hAla che tethI kAMIka judA svarUpamAM hatA. e avaze ane bhUstarazAstranA AdhArathI brIgna ema mAne che ke khaMbhAtano akhAta e sAbaramatInuM paheluM thaI gaeluM mukha che, ane eka vakhata narmadA tApI vagere nadIo sAbaramatIne maLatI. A vAta sAbaramatI jevaDo TuMkI nadIne mATe mAnIe te karatAM sarasvatIne mATe vadhAre baMdha bese che.pa7 sarasvatIne enA lAMbA pravAhamAM je je nadIo maLavA AvI emAM narmadA58 paNa karatAM nadIne sakAelo paTa hevAnuM vadhAre baMdha bese che. AgaLa joyuM tema karachanA raNamAM jema samudranAM amIbhUta avazA (fossils) nathI maLatAM paNa nadInAM maLe che, tema A paTAmAM paNa samudranAM avazeSa maLyAno ullekha nathI. joke kacchanA raNa jeTalI jhINuM saheM A bhAganI thaI nathI. pada pIramanA amIbhUta avazeno mATe juo Ahmedabad Gaz. (Bom. IV.) P. 35o. A avaze jemAM ghaNAM prANIonA avazemAM khAsa karIne mIThA pANInA kAcabAnA avazeSa khAsa dhyAnamAM levAnA che. haraNa, DA, hAthI magara vagere prANIonA avaze che. eTale e kinAre mULa khArA pANInA akhAtane badale mIThA pANInI nadIne kinAro kema na hoya ? 40 Briggs Cities of Gujarashtra Chap. VII. "There are various traditions extant res. pecting this gulf-one, particularly, tells of the Kahiawar territary having, centuries ago, bordered upon the Surat line of Coast, with merely the Sabermati flowing between, the separation not wider than at Wauta; that the Narbadda as well as the Tapti fell into this thirsty stream which drinks the waters of so many rivers in its lengthy course; that successive earthquakes, to which Gujarat is susceptible, allowed the waters of the Indian Ocean to burst upon the land-and then, as conclusive evidence for the truth of this legend the foosils remains of Perim are quoted." A avaze kAzmIranA saramuranA TekarA ane sidhunA pradezomAM maLe che te jAtanA hatA ema bhUstarazAstrIonuM mAnavuM che. e pachI i. sa. 1836mAM kaeNpTana kulajemsa ghadhA AgaLa TekarA kherAvI tapAsa karI baMgALanI yala eziyATika sosAyaTIne lakhI mokaleluM te mATe lakhe che ane bhUratarazAstrIonA matabheda mATe lakhe che. AgaLa umere che keH "Among many speculations in respect of the gulf of Cambay, I have heard it urged that the waters of the Indus will at sometimes break hither by the Runn of cutch, similarly to the irruption of the Black Sea into the Thracian Bosphorus and thus render Kathiawar insulated." 41-2141 24242 21122119 AdhAre karelA A ulekhathI eTaluM 2paSTa thAya che ke khaMbhAtanA akhAta kaI nadInuM paheluM thaI gaeluM mukha che. vaLI bhaviSyamAM koI vakhata bhUstarazAstrIo siMdhune kacchanuM raNa teDI khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM AvavAnuM dhAre che temAM ane brIsa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa zA maLavA AvI ema paurANika ulekha che te vAta khaMbhAtanA akhAta sarasvatInuM mukha che ema mAnIe to baMdha bese che. uttara gujarAtamAM jhIlANa tIrtha choDyA pachI prabhAsa sudhI jatAM ghaNAM zeDAM tIrtho gaNAvyAM che ane tene patto lAgato nathI. paNa e raratAmAM eka ullekha zatrumardana parvatane ane bIjo kRtammara parvatano che.59 kRtammara parvata vaDavAnalane lIdhe bhasma thaI gayo ema purANakAra lakhe che. eTale eno savAla nathI ane zatrumardana parvata zatruMjaya ja hoI zake. kRtammara pachI prabhAsa Ave che paNa e parvatano patto lAgato nathI. prabhAsa ane sarasvatInuM mukha have purANakAra jhIlAthI gusa karI sarasvatIne kAThIAvADamAM kADhe che. sIdhI rIte to kAThIAvADa retALa pradeza nahoto, paththarano pradeza hovAne lIdhe sarasvatI ane bhedIne prabhAsa pAse jaI zake tema nathI. temaja kAmIrathI khaMbhAtanA akhAta sudhI nadInA pANI khasI jaI raNuM banI gaelI jamInanAM je saLaMga cinahIM maLe che tevAM kAThIAvADamAM ene joDanArA avicchinna pravAhanAM cinho maLI AvatAM nathI. eTale sarasvatInuM mukha prabhAsa pAse che e vAta lAkSaNika rIte ja samajavAnI che. prAcIna kALamAM pagaraste dAThIAvADa vacce thaIne hAlanI peThe prabhAsa javAno rasto hato nahi. khaMbhAtanA akhAtane DinAre thaIne javAnuM, 60 bahu prAcIna kALamAM te siMdhu ane sarasvatInA pravAha vahANAnA avarajavara mATe khAsa vaparAtA. eTale paMjAba ane brahmAvarta ane madhya dezamAMthI prabhAsa AvanArane sarasvatI mAraphate cAvavuM paDe. gopanAtha agara bahu to jApharAbAda pAse khaMbhAtanA akhAtanuM mukha che tyAM sarasvatInuM mukha mAnIe to prabhAsa janAra tyAM sudhI AvI jaLa ke sthaLane raste turata prabhAsa jaI zakato. eTale madhya deza ke uttara hiMdamAM besIne bhUgoLa (paurANika) lakhanAra prabhAsane sarasvatInA mukha pAse gaNe emAM navAI nathI. ApaNI prAcIna paurANika bhUgoLa madhya dezane lakSyamAM rAkhIne lakhAelI che. 21 eTale dUranAM amuka sthAna amukanI pAse ema lakhe tyAre tane cokkasa ke aDeDa sthaLa gaNavAnAM sAbaramatInuM mukha dhAre che temAM bhUla eTalI ja thAya che ke A tarka karatI vakhate e badhAnA manamAM lupta thaelI sarasvatI che ja nahi. eTale A badhuM jotAM A vana sararavatIne lAgu paDe che. sAbaramatI ghaNuM nAnI ane sidhu te kacchanA raNanI pazcime khasI cUkI hatI. A bAbata amaranAthadAsane mata AgaLa jaIzuM. ghaNI maTI ativRSTi vakhate bheguM thaeluM pANI sarasvatIne jUne mArga upara kahyuM tema khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM Ave. 58 India & Jambu IslandmAM zrIyuta dAsa brahmapurANa adhyAya 125ne AdhAre lakhe che ke sarasvatIne enA nIcalA vAhamAM narmadA nadI maLe che. 59 sarasvatI mAtAo ane kaMdapurANa prabhAsakhaMDa 60 cheka musalamAna saltanatanA samaya sudhI kAThIAvADa javAne gherI rasto peTalAka thaI pazcima kinAre thaI javAne hato. somanAtha javA mATe mAthAverAnuM siddharAjanA vakhatamAM thANuM bahaloda (hAlanuM bhoLAda) hatuM. sAbaramatI samudrasaMgamathI thoDuM dUra AveluM A gAma dANIAre' e nAmanuM prAcIna vere levAnuM sthaLa Aje paNa jALavI rahyuM che. bheLAdanI uttare khaMbhAtanA raNanA eka gAmamAM dariyo hato ane baMdara hatuM evI mAnyatA ane cihe Aje che. 61 pirANika temaja bIjA lekhako paNa prAcIna praNAlikAne anusarI madhya dezane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne ja bhULa lakhe che. lekhaka bIjA sthaLano vatanI hoya to paNa dhyAnamAM to madhya deza ja rahe che. phakta pitAnA sthaLathI jovAne lIdhe dizAomAM saheja bhUla kare che ane tethI ja dezanI dizAmAM ekabIjAmAM virodha jaNAya che. tethI ja saurASTrAdine koI dakSiNamAM ane koI pazcimamAM ane keInaityamAM kahe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa IT 191 nahi. Aje paNa nakazAothI na devAelo gujarAtI rAmezvara madrAsa pAse AvyuM ema pUche che ane madrAsI dvArakAM amadAvAda pAse AvyuM agara muMbAI pAse AvyuM ema samaje che. kharI rIte e bane sthaLo anukrame ghaNAM dUra che ane jhaDapI relave gADIthI paNa doDha divase pahoMcAya. eTale nakazA ane avarajavaranAM hAlanAM sAdhanothI vimukha evA prAcIna samayamAM madhya dezamAM bhULa lakhanAra prabhAsane sarasvatInA mukha pAse mUke emAM navAI nathI.63 gujarAta kAThIAvADa vaccene jalapradeza paNa thaI gayo. nIcene TukaDo akhAta jeTalo pahoLo thaI gayo. rajaputAnAmAM vaheto paTa paNa raNa thaI gayo eTale prAcIna paraMparAne dhyAnamAM rAkhanAra purANakArane sarasvatIne vinAzanamAM gupta karI devI paDI. vaccenA bhAgamAM eka nAnI nadIne arkhadAramAMthI kADhI sarasvatI TharAvavI paDI; ane prabhAsa AgaLa gIranAM jaMgalamAMthI nIpaLatI eka nAnI nadIne sarasvatI mAnavI paDI. A bInAne purANa karatAM vadhAre cokkasa ane ekaMdare sArI rIte prAcIna gaNI zakAya evo AdhAra maLe che. khagoLAcArya varAhamihira amuka amuka pradezo upara amuka grahonI asara gaNAvatAM lakhe che ke "mAna pura saurASTranIrarAvavata || - TdA cario sarasvatI mo pheza: " A zloka sarasvatInA pravAhane A pradeza spaSTa kare che ane ATalA dezonA sAhacaryamAM sarasvatI nadI vahetI hatI te naSTa thaI gaI te pazcima deza e tAtparya che. A pradeza upara zaninI asara che ema varAhamihira lakhe che. ane zani gujarAta-saurASTrano adhiSThAtA graha che. 65 eTale A ulekhathI sarasvatI puSkara ane arjudAdi pradezamAMthI Anarta ane saurASTra AgaLa AvI naSTa thaI ema spaSTa thAya che. sarasvatInAM tIrtho. sarasvatI nadI dika samayanA lokonI sarvathI vadhAre pavitra nadI hatI. pahelI asura, pachI Arya ane te pachI e bannenA mizraNanI saMskRtionuM kendra sarasvatI upara hatuM. eTale enA taTapradezanAM tIrtho e bhAratanAM sarvathI pavitra tIrtho gaNatAM. sarasvatIne A pravAha lupta thayo paNa lokanA manamAMthI enuM pAvana ane enAM tIrtho lupta thayAM nahi. enI AsapAsa UbhI thaelI paraMparAo bhUlAI nahi. ane maLeluM devInuM pada bhUlAyuM nahi. eTale vakhata jatAM e pAvanatva ane devIpada gagA u52 AropavAmAM AvyAM. tIrthe hiMdustAnamAM-khAsa karIne pazcima hiMdamAM chUTAM vaheMcAI gayAM. paraMparAonA TukaDA thaI 62 Ama pUchanAra gujarAtI ane madrAsI mane dhaNA maLyA che. 63 khaMbhAtanA akhAtanuM mukha eTale upara kahyuM tema vaidika sarasavatInuM mukha eTale gopanAthanI lagabhaga pAsenI jagyAenAthI prabhAsa pUra se mAIla paNa nathI. kharI rIte khaMbhAtanA akhAtanuM mukha gopanAtha AgaLa paNa nahi paraMtu eka bAju damaNa ane bIjI bAju sAme jAkAbAda agara to cheka dIva e be sthaLo AgaLa sIdhI lITI dorIe tyAM sudhI gaNI zakAya. ane samudra ghasIne akhAtane pahoLo karyo te pahelAM eTale sudhI hoya to navAI paNa nathI. Aje paNa kAThIAvADanA kinArAne khare vaLAMka mAbAdathI zarU thAya che. eTale tyAM mukha gaNIe to prabhAsa pacAsa mAila paNa cheTuM nathI. 64 varAhamihira bRhatasaMhitA 16. le. 31. AmAM zaninA AdhipatyavALA uparanA dezo uparAMta vadhArAmAM khAsa kuru mi, prabhAsa, udaramRti nadI (parimAtra-avaDalImAMthI nIkaLatI nadI vizeSa) ane mahI nadIne ta8 eTaluM sAthe ja zaninA AdhipatyamAM gaNAve che ane te upara karelI carcA pramANe sararavatInA taTapradezamAM AvI jAya che. gUjarAta kAThIAvADanI hadanI vacce thaI sarasvatI vahetI hoya te ja sArA, Anarta ane AbhIra e dezone sAthe gaNAvI zakAya, 65 skaMdapurANamAM A bAbatane ulekha AgaLa AvI gayo che. grahabhaktinA bIjA pAtramAM zanine sArA draDhazadabhava kahyo che te paNa joI gayA, jAtivAcArya varAhamihire to zaninA AdhipatyavALA badhA dezo gaNAvyA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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192 pariziSTa A chAvadhatA pheraphAra sAthe rahyA. saptasiMdhunI peThe sasasArasvata rahyuM paNa enI sAta sakhIone judejude nAme game tyAM rAMbaMdha vagara goThavI dIdhI. enAM tIrthone koI jAtanA krama vagara game tyAM goThavI dIdhAM. 67 ghaNAM tIna patto lAgato nathI te A navA pravAhane raste zodhavAmAM Ave te jaDe. joke sarasvatInI sAthe enAM ghaNAM tIrtho nAza paNa pAmyAM che. AvAM tIrtho sarasvatIno nIcale pravAha nakI na thavAthI keTalAka vidvAna kurukSetramAM besADI de che te barAbara nathI. zaMkhatIrthe, nAgadhanvanatIrtha, samatIrtha vagerene kurukSetramAM mUkavA mATe kalpanAno paNa AdhAra nathI; sarakhA avAjavALAM sthaLo paNa tyAM nathI. gujarAtamAM upara jaNAvelA sarasvatInA nAza pAmelA pravAhanI najIkamAM evAM nAmanA sthaLe maLI Ave che. vIAramAM zaMkhapura,68 sAbaramatIne kAMThe sematIrtha, ane khaMbhAtanA akhAtane kAMThe bhAvanagara pAse nAgadhaniba70 gAma pirANika paraMparAne vadhAre Teke Ape che. bhAvanagaranA sihorasihapura-gAmanuM prAcIna nAma sArasvatapura che, ane e nAma mATe sarasvatInA saMbaMdha sivAya bIjuM kaI kAraNuM baMdha bese tema nathI. sArasvata brAhmaNane tyAM saMbaMdha nathI. sarasvatI taTanA prAcIna Azrame lugu, cyavana, kardama, kapila, dadhIci vagere prAcIna RSiono saMbaMdha khAsa karIne hiMdanA pazcima bhAga 66 zalyaparva a. 39-4. suprabhA, kAMcanAkSI. vizAlA, manoramA, sarasvatI, e vatI, sureNa, vimaladakA eTalAM nAma mahAbhAratamAM gaNAvyAM che. A sAta nAme sarasvatIne uttara hiMdamAM gayA vagere jagyAoe vaheMcI dIdhI che. prabhAsakhaMDa ane mAhAsyamAM judAM nAma che. Ama A nAmamAM phera uparAMta vahecaNI ja batAve che ke sararavatInA sarvasvanA TukaDA kudarate ane purANakAroe karI nAkhyA che. (nAmanI vigata mATe uparanuM zalyaparva, uparAMta pirANika kathAkela, prabhAsakhaMDa ane sarasvatI mAhAsya juo). 67 mahAbhAratamAM koI jAtane krama sAcavelo nathI. mAhAo ane purANamAM kAMIka krama che. zalya parvamAM to prabhAsathI upaDI beeka tIrtha gaNAvI ekadama kurukSetramAM laI javAmAM Ave che. zilya parvanA lekhakane prabhAsa AgaLa sararavatInI paraMparA ane mukha, tathA kurukSetrathI himAlaya sudhI pravAha ethI vadhAre kAMi khabara nathI. 68 zalyapa a. 37. ra. pu. nAgarakhaMDa a. 11. zalya parvamAM ene sarasavatI tIre kahyuM che. nAgarakhaMDa Anarta dezamAM vizvAmitranA Azrama pAse kahe che. mahAbhAratamAM "sAgarApe sAgaranI pAse nIcI jamInamAM pAMgatIrthamAM vizvAmitre tapa karI brAhmaNa meLaveluM ema lakhe che. eTale vizvAmitranA Azrama pAsenuM zaMkhatIrtha sAgaranI najIkamAM sarasvatI tIre Ave. kacchanA raNanA pUrvAvatAra samudranI najIka jhIlANatIrtha pAse samudranI najIka thaIne vahetI sararavanInA tIre zaMkhatIrtha hoya to ja "sAgarAnu baMdha bese evI jagyA mahAbhAratanA AdhAre karukSetramAM keTalAka besADe che tema kaI besADe to baMdha bese nahi. zaMkhapuravaThIAramAM che te barAbara A jagyAe AvI rahe che. 69 padmapurANa uttarAkhaMDa a. 154. somatIrtha to chetaM satrama Te tArAcatranirca niramavadriva: sararavatInA mAhAmyamAM somatIrtha sararavatI taTe kaheluM che. mahA. vanaparva a. 81mAM paNa ene sarasavatI taTe kahyuM che. te keTalAka kurUkSetramAM mAne che te bhrama che. 70 zalya parva baladeva tIrthayAtrA: kADIavADa gejheTIaranA lekhake A gAmanuM nAma tyAM nAgano dhvani thAya che mATe nAgadhvani evuM besADeluM che. paraMtu e mATe AdhAra nathI. dhvanimAM dhana va jaDelo che jyAre dhanvanamAM dha Ape che ane mane va jaDelo che ane dhaniba' zabda dhavanane vadhAre baMdha bese che, dhvanine nahi. vRnimAM "ba"no khulAse thatuM nathI. varNana mATe kA, gejheTIara juo. | 71 kAThIAvADa sarvasaMgraha pR. 589. zihera parANika sthaLa che. enuM siMhapurathI prAcIna A nAma che. * bA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saiyada ema. esa. maulavI ema. e. eDaminisTreTara : tA. 2-7-29 thI tA. 31-10-30 rAva bahAdura e. ke. kulakaNa bI.e. DaminisTreTara: tA. 1-11-30 thI tA. 12-12-60 dIvAna : tA. 13-12-30 thI tA. 26 6-31 vI. bI. mahetA bI.e. dIvAna : tA. 27-6-31 thI tA. 30-11-31. dI. ba. narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mahetA bI.e. dIvAna : tA. 1-12-31 thI tA. 16-2-66 khAna bahAdura epha. esa. mAsTara bI.e. dIvAna : tA. 1-5-34 thI tA. 31-1-3pa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariyiSTa mAM 13 sAthe che. temAM kardama, kapila, ane dadhIcine saMbaMdha te khAsa karIne sarasvatI sAthe ja che. lokaparaMparA pramANe paNa kardama ane kapilanA Azrama siddhapuranI sarasvatI ane kAThIAvADanI sarasvatI baMne jagyAe manAya che. dadhIcino Azrama sAbaramatI ane siddhapuranI sarasvatI upara manAya che.72 vaidika bhaguo ane pUonuM sthAna sarasvatIne taTapradeza ja hatuM.73 lokakathA bhRguone narmadAnA mukha pAse mUke che.74 yadu Adi pAMca jAtio pazcima hidanA jalanA rastAonI svAmI hatI, ane sidhu- - sarasvatI nadIo mukhathI mULa sudhI emanA kabajAmAM hatI.75 A jAtione ane khAsa karIne duone gUjarAta sAthe saMbaMdha paraMparAthI jANItA che. A badhAno sAthe vicAra karatAM khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA mukhathI hAlanA gujarAta ane kAThIAvADanI vacce thaI Abu pAse thaIvaidika sarasvatI uttaramAM himAlaya sudhI cAlI jatI ema samajAya che. sarasvatIne dariyA je pravAha ane pAzcama hiMdanuM raNa siMdhu nadInuM nAma samudrane paryAya thayo tema sarasvatInuM pulilaga sarasvAna paNa samudrane paryAya thayo. A bInA arthahIna nathI. A zabdone lIdhe vedamAM vaparAtA khuda samudra zabda paNa sAgaravAcaka nathI, mAtra moTI nadIne mATe che ema keTalAka ApaNuM tathA yuropIya vidvAne mAne che te barAbara nathI,76 72 prabhAsakhaMDa ane sarasvatI mAhAtmya. vaLI dadhIcivALI kathA sAmatI mAhAmyamAM padmapurANamAM paNa ApelI che. (5. u a. 148). 5. u. a. 156mAM sarasvatInI peThe sAbhramatIne paNa prAcI kahI che. sarasvatI mAtAmyamAM dadhIcinI kathA ane Azrama sarasvatI tIre kahela che. (dadhisthalI-dethalI pAse!) ahIM dadhIcine bhArgava kahyA che. mahA. vana, a. 1 lo. 185-7mAM sararavatI taTe dadhIcI tIrtha kahyuM che ane tyAM aMgirasa kulanA sArasvata rahetA hatA ema lakhyuM che. tyAM nahAvAthI sArasvatI gati thAya che. A sArasvata te padmapurANanA pipalAda jenuM tIrtha somatIrtha pahelAM Ave che. mahA. vana, a. 81mAM-11pamAM sapta sArasvata tIrtha lakhe che te ja tIrtha sAbaramatI taTe saptadhAra nAmanuM lakhatAM padmapurANa u. khU. a. 136mAM kahe che ke enuM nAma kRtayugamAM sapta sArasvata hatuM ane tretAmAM maMkitIrtha hatuM. A maMki maharSi te maMkaNaka muni ema samajAya che kAraNake e tIrthane enI sAthe saMbaMdha che. skaMda. nAgarakhaMDamAM A munie hATakezvara kSetramAM agatyano bhAga bhajavelo che. vanaparva ezanasa tIrtha lakhe che tene padmapurANa sAbaramatI taTe khaDagadhAra tIrtha pAse mUke che. A tIrtha gupta che. vaLI vanapaE lakheluM prasiddha kapAlamecana tIrtha padmapurANa u. khU. a. 132 lo. 6mAM sAbaramatIne taTe lakhe che. A badhuM sAthe vicAratAM ema samajAya che, vanaparve zahayaparve kurukSetramAM malAM tIrtho bIjI paraMparA pramANe gUjarAtane sAhacamAM dekhAya che. vanaparva ane zatryaparvamAM sarasvatInAM tIrthe prabhAsanI pAse becAra gaNAvI bAkInAM badhAM kurukSetramAM bhegAM karI mUkI dIdhelAM jaNAya che. Ama thavuM azakya che. prabhAsa ane kurukSetra vaccenA lAMbA pravAhamAM becAra tIrtha hoya e mAnavA jevuM nathI. eTale eno artha e ke vaccenAM tIrtho pravAha lupta thayA pachI bhegAM karI kurukSetranI AsapAsa goThavI devAyAM. sarasvatInA pravAhanA gUjarAtanI hadamAM TukaDA thaI gayA, ne tenAM tIrtha be jagyAe goThavAyAM. ahIM e paNa noMdhavA jevuM che ke sararavatI tIre AvelA kamAzramamAM potAnI putrIne kamane ApI pAchA vaLatAM manu rathamAM besI jatAM sarasvatInA bane taTanA Azramo jotA jotA gayA ema bhAgavata lakhe che. (ThaMdha. 3. a. 22) Ano artha e ke manu rathane badale vahANamAM gayA. eka kinArA para cAlatA rathamAMthI sarasvatI jevaDI nadInA banane kinAre eka sAthe jovAya nahi, vahANamAM vaccethI javAya. a. 21mAM kadamAzrama sarasvatI tIre kahyo che.. 73 sa. 7-96-2. pAMca jAtio (asuronI) mATe rU. 6-61-12 juo. pAMca natimAM yaduone paNa gaNe che. 74 khaMbhAtano akhAta sarasvatInuM mukha heya ane narmadA ene maLe eTale bhaguonuM bane sAthe sAhacarya kare. 4 Asura in India. By A. Banerjee Shastri. P. 48-51. 76 A viSayanI vadhu carcAne ahIM sthAna nathI. vigata mATe juo Indian His. Quarterly Vol. VIII. 2. mAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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194 pariziSTa ba ane vaidika samayanA lokone sAgaranuM bhAna nahotuM ema mAne che te paNa kharuM nathI. e samayanA lokone samudranuM-sAgaranuM sAruM jJAna hatuM ane samudra zabda keTalIka jagyAe spaSTa sAgaranA arthamAM vAparelA che. siMdhu ane sarasvatI nadI emanA pravAhanA nIcalA bhAgamAM dhaNI paheALI samudra jevI vizALa thaI gaI hatI tethI ja e banne naMdInA narantatinA zabdo samudranA paryAMya thaI gayA. je nadIonI vacce vahANa cAle teA kinArA na dekhAya evI nadIone Aje paNa sAgara kahe che ane prAcIna kALamAM samudra kahetA.77 siMdhu ane sarasvatInA nIcalA pravAha evA heAvAthI emanAM nAma samudranA paryAMya thaI gayA. sarasvatIne nIcalA pravAha rajaputAnAnA dakSiNa bhAgathI khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA mukha sudhI evA paheALeA haze ema mAnI zakAya. rAdhanapura khAnuM raNa, naLakaMDA ane khaMbhAtanuM raNa ane khaMbhAtanA akhAta eTaluM e bAbatanI sAkSI purI zake che. rAjaputAnAnuM raNa A vistAra karatAM moTuM che kAraNake emAMthI sarasvatIne pravAha khasatA khasA lupta thayA ane siMdhunA khasIne dUra gayA eTale e badhA bhAga raNa thaI gayA.78 rAdhanapura vALA raNathI khaMbhAta sudhImAM mAtra ekalI sarasvatI ja lupta thaI. naLakaMThA vALA bhAgamAM siMdhunA pradezamAMthI nIkaLe che evA meATA kANAvALA paththara-je prAcIna kALamAM vahANane laMgara nAMkhavA mATe vaparAya che-nIkaLe che.79 zrIyuta amaranAthadAse hiMdustAnanI prAcIna bhUgALanA sthaLanirNayo karyAM che. e nirNayA prAcIna bhUgoLanA abhyAsIne eka nakAmA che. paraMtu nadIonAM nAmanA pheraphAra bAbatanA nirNaya bAjue mUkatAM temanA paTanA pheraphAra mATenI keTalIka carcAnA gheADA bhAga kAmanA che. e lakhe che ke khaMbhAtanA akhAta hateA nahi ane tene badale narmadA nadI hAla akhAtane maLe che te na maLatAM uttara tarapha vaLI kacchanA akhAtane maLatI.80 kAI meATI khaMDastha (continental) nadInI kalpanA bhAvanagara najIka e kare che. paraMtu narmadAne amIyakumAra ceTarajIno 'vaidika samudra' uparanA lekha. 77 Cambridge His. of India. I. P. 8. 78 sarasvatI ane siMdhu sivAya vipAzA paNa samudrane svataMtra maLatI te paNa tyAMthI ja lupta thaI eTale e badheda bhAga meluM raNa thayA, tyAM samudra hateA te khasIne raNa thayuM e mAnyatA kharI nathI. zrImALa AgaLa paNa samudra nahi paNa samudra jevA pravAhavALI nadI hoi zake. tyAM samudra zabda dariyAnA arthamAM na samajavuM. 79 amadAvAda gejhaTIara. A vize AgaLa lakhI gayA chIe. 80 India & Jambu Island: A. Das, P. 105, zrIyuta amaranAtha dAsa prasiddha enjInIara che, nadIe saMbaMdhI emanA abhyAsa prazasta che. paraMtu porANika thaLeAne game tyAM DhAkI besADavAmAM kAMIniyama rAkheleA nathI. phaeNkta nadIonA paTanA viSaya temanA hAvAthI te upara dhyAna ApavA jevuM che. bAkInA bhAga DhAlemI upara khATo AdhAra rAkhI besADele che. e rIte rA. dAsa rAsamALAmAM ApelI camAraDI gAma (vaLA) pAse AvelI. bhAvanagaranI khADIne eka nadI samaje che. ane tyAMthI uttara tarapha jatA paTA koI nadI sukAi javAthI thayA ema mAnI 'bhAvanagara nadI'nuM nAma ApI narmadA nadI TAlemInA vakhatamAM khaMbhAtanA akhAtane raste uttara tarapha vahI kacchanA akhAtane maLatI ema kahe che. nadInA paTanI temanI A mAnyatA tadna kharI che, para`tu te narmadAne besADavAmAM teo UMdhe raste jAya che. narmadAne upara caDhAvavA mATe bhUratara ke bIjo eka AdhAra nathI. sarasvatIne kacchanA raNamAM mUke che eTale e khyAla emane AvatA nathI, para Mtu e paTamAM koI meATI khaMDastha nadI e mAne che. e 'enjInIariMga'ne lagatI muddAnI vAta dhyAnamAM rAkhI emanA utAro karIeH-- "From this we find that the Bhavnagar river, was the lower reaches of a big continental river, as it was the passage for the argosies from the sea into the country, and the description cannot apply to the present river, if it drained as now a small area of the For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa A 195 UMce caDhAvI kacchanA akhAta pAse laI jatA heAvAthI sarasvatIne kacchanA raNanA upalA bhAgane meLave che, e meATI khaMDastha nadI teja narmadA ema mAne che ane je raste ApaNe sarasvatIne kacchanA raNanI najIkathI khaMbhAta akhAtamAM lAvavA prayatna karyAM te ja raste zrIyuta amaranAthadAsa narmadAne UMce kacchanA akhAtane meLavavA caDhAve che. tAtparya e che ke bhAvanagara pAse thaI kacchanA akhAta sudhI koI meATI nadI che eTaluM teA nakkI thAya che. have zrIdAsa kahe che tema narmadAne UMce caDhavAnA saMbhava nathI ane ema nakkI karavA mATe kAI jAtanA AdhAra paNa nathI; jyAre e ja raste sarasvatIne nIce utAravA mATe paraMparAnA aneka AdhAro che. sarasvatI e ja bhAgIrathI gaMgA hAya ! kapilamunine sarasvatI sAthe saMbaMdha che e eyuM. eja piladevanA pAtALa sAthe saMbaMdha purANA teDe che. sAgaraputrAe pAtALa sudhI kheAdI nAMkhyuM ane kapile emane bhasma karI nAMkhyA. emanA udhdhAra karavA bhagIrathe svargamAMthI bhAgIrathI gaMgA utArIne samudra sudhI ene laI gayA. A kathAnuM paurANika paDa ukelavAnuM A sthAna nathI. paraMtu A bInAne pUrvanA gaMgAsAgara sAthe saMbaMdha nathI paNa pazcimanA sarasvatI saMgama (arabIsamudra) ne saMbaMdha che.81 gujarAtanA kinArAnA pAtALa sAthe saMbaMdha, asuronuM sthAna ane nAgaleAkanI bhAgavatI vagere khAkhatAnI AgaLa judA pariziSTamAM carcA karIzuM. TUMkAmAM sagAnA saMbaMdha pazcima sAthe che, pUrva sAthe nathI. kapila sAthenI laDAI emane sarasvatI ane gujarAtanA kinArA sudhI lAve che, ane Gujarat peninsula, and debouching into the sea in its nabourhood, the mainland lying to the east of the river, the outlet to the sea must have been towards the west, and then north or south; thus we have it that the gulf of Cambay did not exist, and it was firm land through which the Bhavnagar river entered mainland; its outlet to the sea to its west.' (Italics are mine.) Ama khaMbhAtanA akhAtanI jagyAe akhAta nahi paNa jamIna, paraMtu enI aMdarathI-- e ja jagyAe bhAvanagara' nadI uttara taraphe vahetI batAvI pachI e nadI te nadA ema lakhe che. A varNananA paTa te nA~dA nahi paNa sarasvatI, rA. dAsanA lakheleA paTa kharA paNa nadI kheATI. rA. dAsa AgaLa (pR. 120~1) lakhe che ke bhAgIrathI gaMgA sarasvatI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI, ane padmapurANane AdhAre ene (gaMgAne) sarasvatI sAthe pazcima samudra tarapha maLatI lakhe che. sararavatI nAza thayA pachI gaMgA pUrva tarapha vaLI. saravatInA TukaDA thayA. dariyAnuM enuM mukha kapAI gayuM. uparanA pUrva taraphanA pravAha jamanA sAthe gaMgAmAM gayA. pazcimanA pravAha satalaja sAthe siMdhumAM gayA. keTaluMka pANI dhagharamAM jaine sukAI gayuM. rajaputAnAnuM raNu thaI gayuM. A pramANe rA. dAsa judI rIte paNa ApaNA anumAnane TekA Ape che. bhAgIrathI gaMgA pazcima tarapha jatI e vAta saravatI pAte ja mULa bhAgIrathI gaMgA ane ene nAza thayA pachI enuM nAma ane pAvanatva hAlanI jAnhavI gaMgAmAM gayuM e ApaNA anumAnane puSTi Ape che. ane TAlemInAM gaMgAnA mukhanAM nAmeAnA kharA saMbaMdha sarasvatInA mukha sAthe hovAnA anumAnane paNa TekA Ape che. (kaeNmbIseAna), uttara gUjarAtanI nAnI nadIe e sarasvatInA dakSiNa pravAhanA TukaDA, 81 kaM, pu. AtyaMtyakhaMDAntagata revAkhaMDa, a. 17pa, kSeA. 1 thI 10. vaLI bhAgavata paM. a. 17mAM viSNu pAdakI gaMgAnA cAra pravAheAmAMnA eka meru parvata uparathI brahmAtI nagarImAM thaI ghaNAM zikharo mUkI bharatakhaMDamAM AvI dakSiNa samudrane maLe che enuM nAma alakanaMdA. A nadI te hAlanI gaMgA nahi paNa sarasvatI. purANakAroe A vargagaMgAne sAta nAme ane sAta rUpe kahelI che temAM bhAgIrathI te sarasvatI, sarasvatInAM nAmemAM enuM naMdA nAma che te A alakanaMdAnuM TUMkuM rUpa che. hAlanI gaMgA e jAnhavI gaMgA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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196 pariziSTa mA sarasvatIne narmadAnA mukha sudhI laI jAya che. jema agatye samudra pIdho ane braghAe kahyuM ke bhagIratha gaMgAthI ene pharI pUraze e jalamAMthI sthaLa ane tyAM pAchuM jaLa e ghaTanAnuM rUpaka che ane e pazcima hidanA koI bhAgane lAgu paDe che, tema utacce samudrane ghaTTa banAvI pI jaI jamIna banAvI ane sarasvatIne kahyuM ke tuM adazya thaI raNamAM jatI rahe ane tArAthI tajAela mulaka apavitra gaNaze ane sUko thaI jaze e paNa sarasvatI nAza pAmI-khAsa karIne e samudra jeTalI vizALa hatI tyAMthI paNa nAza pAmI ane e jagyA karI raNa jevI thaI gaI e ghaTanAnuM rUpaka che ane gujarAta rAjaputAnAmAM rahelA sarasvatInA vacalA paTane lAgu paDe che. e mulaka gharmazAstra pramANe apavitra paNuM gaNAya che. A sarasvatInuM eka nAma bhagavatI paNuM hatuM ane te enA gujarAtamAM AvelA nIcalA pravAhanuM hoya ema lAge che.83 ene vicAra AgaLa karIzuM. sarasvatI himAlayamAMthI AvI khaMbhAtanA akhAtarUpe samudrane maLI eTalI vAta te samajAya che. 82 mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva.a. 154 (baMgALa AvRtti). nirNayasAgaranI AvRttimAM A adhyAya nathI. paraMtu bhAMDArakara risarca InsTITayuTe mahAbhArata bahAra pADayuM che temAM A adhyAya che. 83 sarasvatInuM eka nAma bhogavatI hatuM tenI carcA khaMbhAtanuM eka nAma bhagavatI hatuM te bAbatanI judI pariziSTamAM karI che. sarasvatImAM TukaDA thaI uttara gujarAtamAM nAnI nadIo thaI. sAbaramatI, hAlanI sarasvatI vagere pUvottaramAM ane bhogAvo vagere pazcimamAM TukaDA thayA. emAM bhegAvo nadIe to bhogavatI nAma paNa jALavI rAkhyuM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa rU asure ane gujarAtane kinAre deve ane asure chApa paNa dezanI sauthI prAcIna aitihAsika paraMparA e devAsura saMgrAma. devo eTale vedanA samayamAM hiMdustAnamAM sauthI chellI AvelI laDAyaka jAti. ene ApaNe Ane nAme oLakhIe chIe. A jAti hiMdustAnamAM AvI te pahelAM bIjI eka jAti AvIne vaselI hatI. e asura jAti. e jAtinI paraMparA ApaNe bhUlI gayA ke ulaTI rIte samajyA. eTale asura nAmanI sAthe vAdha varanI peThe ApaNane bhaya pedA thAya che. asura eTale lAMbu nAka, siMha jevA dAMta ane ziMgaDAM vALAM bhayaMkara prANI nahi paraMtu eka viziSTa saMskRtivALI, AryonA hiMdamAM AvatA pahelAM siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukhapradezathI cheka uparanA bhAga sudhI vasI rahelI 3 ApaNA jevI manuSyanI jati. A jAti hiMdanI ja vatanI ke bahArathI AvelI e viSaya bahu vAdagrasta hovAthI ahIM carcIzuM nahi.4 1 "A pRthvI pahelAM daitya-asuranI hatI" ItyAdi purANavacanane artha e che ke deve eTale Aryo pAchaLathI AvyA ane te AvyA tyAre asuro vasI cukelA hatA. rAmAyaNa mahAbhAratAdimAM A varNana karelAM che. pUrve samudrathI viTAelI A pRvI dainI hatI, paraMtu dItiputrone harAvI devAe jItI lIdhI. rAmAyaNa bAlakAMDa-sarga 45mAM samudramaMthana varNanamAM paNa ApeluM che. 2 asurane artha yAtudhAnanA arthamAM karyo eTaluM ja nahi paNa vidvAna TIkAkAro paNa asu eTale prANa uparathI asura zabdanI vyutpatti karavA prerAyA. vedanA paddhatisara artha karanAra sarvathI prAcIna dhArakanA pahelAM paNa ghaNA prayatno artha karavA mATe thayA hatA. eTale yAraka (I.sa. pUrve sAtamI sadI) pahelAM paNa dArtha yathArtha rIte bhUlAvA mAMDayA hatA. paraMtu asuro pUrve eTale Aryone sthAne hatA ane devane artha Aje je rIte mAnIe chIe te rIte paNa pUrve asura e ja rathAne hatA. e paraMparA bhASAe sAcavI che. juo purA caityanuAinavA:lpvAiLA vitatA pUvA zuSa://amara/l deva e mAtra mAnavAcaka zabda ja gaNavAne. pUrvadevAH e zabda pahelAM asure Aryo-8 jeTalA mAnavALA ne sattAvALA hatA ema batAve che. 3 Asura in India: By Anant Prasad Banerjee Shastri P. 5, 18 vagere. A bAbata carcA AgaLa karIzuM. 4 asura Ati Aryatara jAti hatI e te have dhaNAkharA vidvAne kabUla kare che paraMtu asura jAtine esiriyA sAthe saMbaMdha 'che ane esiriyAnuM azara zahera asura jAtinA kAMIka meTA saMbaMdhathI paDeluM vagere hAla manAvA lAgyuM che. Dele mahena Dere ane harappAnI maherachApa (seals) ukelavAno prayatna karI vedanA kava, auzija, kakSivAna vagere munio esiriyAnA 8 hatA ane siMdhunA mukha AgaLa AvIne vasyA hatA ema siddha karavA prayatna karyo che. paraMtu veDelanI dalIlone hajI pUratuM samarthana maLyuM nathI temaja esiriyA ane hiMdanA kinArAnA bhAga sudhI kAI samAna saMrakRtinAM lakSaNa jaNAvAnuM kabUla karyA chatAM paNa e mahora chApo vaidika RSionI che evuM sara jona mArzala ke mahena-jo-DerenI zodha karanArAmAMthI kaie agara hiMdanA koI pramANabhUta purAvideha kabUla karyuM nathI. eTale vaDelanAM anumAne hajI mAtra anumAne ja rahe che, ane siMdhu taTanI saMskRtino janma hiMdustAnanI bhUmi upara thaze ke esiriyA vagere dezamAM thayo te hajI sudhI siddha thayuM nathI. hiMdustAnamAM sidhu taTa upara janmelI saMskRti cheka bhUmadhya samudranA taTapradeza sudhI gaI e eka mata che; te ja bIje mata tyAMnI sarakRti hiMdustAnamAM AvI evo paNa che. mahena-jo-DerenA lekhe ane mahora chAponA satya ane saMtoSakAraka ukela For Private and Personal Use Only

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198 pariziSTa huM e jAti pazcima-uttara hiMdamAM ghaNuM prAcIna kALathI vasatI hatI ane gujarAta kAThIAvADa vagereno kinAro vaidika samayamAM emanA hAthamAM hato eTaluM batAvavAno A lekhano udeza che. eTale te nizcita ja che ke A hidamAM AvyA tyAre asara jAti, sarasvatI ane sidhunA mukhapradezathI arabI samudranA kinAre thaI yukreTIsa griIsanA aMdaranA bhAgamAM cheka esiyAmAInoranA esiriyA ane phiniziyA sudhI vasavATane ane vepArano saMbaMdha dharAvatI hatI. A jatino mukhya vyavasAya vANijya ane vahANavaTuM hato. jyotiSa, vaiduM ane sthApatya paNa emanI viziSTa saMskRtinA bhAga hatAM. siMdhu ane sarasvatInAM mukhathI upara pravAhe bane kAMThAo upara emanAM jabarajasta thANAM hatAM. A loke bAMdhelA zaheromAM rahetA. zahera ane killAo bAMdhavA e emanI khAsiyata hatI.7 na thAya tyAMsudhI A bAbata kA rahyA ja karavAnI. Tveda 6-32-pamAM idranI rasutimAM kahe che ke "indra... hath swiftly won the waters from Southward. Thus set at libery, the rivers flow to their goal incessant and exaustless. ahIM Southward mATe kSitaH zabda mULamAM vAparyo che. TIkAmAM ene athe yuropIya vidyAne dakSiNa taraphano varasAda e le che. ema letAM bIjI lITI bese nahi. eno artha siMdhu ane sarasvatInA dakSiNa taraphanA pravAha te bAjunAM asura thANAM jItI te Aryone mATe khullA karyA ema ja bese. 5 Mohanjo Daro & the Indus Civilization: Marshall: P. 50-58. mohana-jo-Dere ane harapAnAM khedakAmamAM je je vastuo nIkaLI che tevI vastuo esiyAmAInorathI hiMdanA kinArA sudhImAM nIkaLelI che ane temanI keTalIka prAcIna kathAonuM paNa samAnapaNuM che. A badhA uparathI e saMrakatino janma game tyAM hoya paNa e badhA ha kAMIka samAnatA hatI ane janasamAja agara ene eka bhAga ekasarakhI saMskRti ane dharmano hato ema manAya che. siMdhuthI nAIla sudhI eka bhaulika paTa jevuM lAgavA uparAMta saMskRti eka hatI ema mahena-jo-Deree siddha karyuM che. 6 A. Banerjee Shastri: Asura in India: P. 48-11-82-86. purUo sarasvatInI banne bAjue rahetA hatA e ullekha vedamAM che. (R. 3-96-2) ane puruo asure che e AgaLa jaIzuM. te ja pramANe yaduo paNa emanA saMbaMdhI heI samAna jAtinA hatA. yaduone vasavATa mathurAthI kAThIAvADa gUjarAtanA kinArA sudhI hato. sarasvatInA pravAhanA lekhamAM je carcA karI che te mujaba vaidika sarasvatI brahmAvamAM thaIne kAThIAvADa-gUjarAtamAM AvI samudrane maLatI hatI te daSTie kinArAne mathurA vagere uttaranA bhAga sAtheno saMbaMdha ghaNo saraLa bane che. jamanA-jenA taTe mathurA AveluM che te eka vakhata sarasvatIne maLatI hatI. 7 Asura in India: P. 18 21. mahA. sabhAparva-sthApatya e asurono khAsa viSaya hato. mayadAnavane nAme sthA patyanA graMthanA ullekha e siddha kare che. purANomAM jyAM jyAM asura, nAge, de AdinAM varNana che tyAM e loke bhavya mahelamAM ane nagaramAM rahetA ane tenI racanA mayadAnave karelI ema kahe che. mahAbhAratanI prasiddha sabhA maye bAMdhelI te jANItuM che. Ano artha e ke mayasiddhAnta pramANe bAMdhelI. bAMdhakAma e asuranI siddhi hatI. A temAM kAMI jANatA nahotA. mahena-jo-DeramAM chellA paDamAM paththarayuganAM je ajAyababharelAM bAMdhakAmanA pAyA nIkaLyA che te Arya saMskRtinA nathI paNa Aryetara saMskRtinA che emasiddha thayuM che. (juo Mohanjo DaronA graMthamAM sacitra varNana che) mehena-jo-DeronA graMthanA lekhake e asuronA ema spaSTa kahetA nathI. e savAla ja emaNe vadhu zodhakhoLa mATe addhara khelo che. paraMtu ApeMtara eTale asura agara dAsa e bemAMthI eka ja hoya ane dAsAe bAMdhakAma nathI karelAM te mATe AgaLa joI. maya AdinI pirANika kathAo paNa asuro bAMdhakAmamAM kuzaLa hatA, dAse nahi ema batAve che. asurapura e zabda vaidika sAhityamAM Ave che tevo A mATe Avato nathI. e asure bAMdhelAM zahero ane killAomAM rahetA hatA ema batAve che. (aitareya brA. 1-23 quoted in A. India P. 21) samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra nAmane sthApatyane graMtha mayadAnava uparathI tha kahevAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa huM 199 emanA virodhI A emanA pachI hiMdamAM AvelA. teo sAdA, saraLa, ane kevaLa laDAyaka guNa vALA hatA. khetare kheDavAM ane jhuMpaDAM agara to cheka sAdAM makAnamAM aNarakSAelAM gAmaDAM jevAM samUhomAM rahevAnI emanI rIta hatI.8 A Aryo asurane harAvI dezanA mAlIka thaI deva kahevAyA ane asuro adhama kahevAyA, e AgaLa jaI zuM. A mAtra yuddha vidyAmAM asurothI caDhIAtA hatA. dAsa jAti A asure ane A uparAMta dAsa-dakSya nAmanI hiMdanI asala vatanI eka trIjI jAti hatI. asura ane Aryo ane tenI sAthe laDhatA ane e jAtie paNa samaya pramANe banenI sAthe saMpa ane zatratA rAkhelI, ane devAsura saMgrAmamAM bemAMthI eka pakSe rahI laDhelI. A saMgrAma vedakALanA jUnAmAM jUnA samayamAM zarU thaI vedanA chevaTanA samayamAM lagabhaga pUro thayo. hiMdanA vAyavya pradezamAM vasatA dAsa lokone pahelAM asuroe ane pachI Aryoe pUrva ane dakSiNa tarapha nasADyA.10 A saMgrAmane pariNAme A traNe jAtio eka bIjA sAthe evI vicitra rIte maLI gaI ke e meLavaNImAMthI banelA hAlanA hiMdu samAjamAM potAne zuddha Arya mAnato brAhmaNa mULa A traNamAMthI kayI jAtine te pArakhI zakAya nahi. A traNa jAtionI meLavaNInI zarU thaelI kriyAne mahAbhAratanA yuddha chevaTanI mahora mArI dIdhI.11 8 Asura in India: P. 18-21. bAMdhakAma asala asurenuM ane pachI dAsenuM khAsa kArya hatuM. A mATe tevA ullekha nathI, juo Mohenjo Darone graMtha. AmAM A bAMdhakAma AryonAM nathI ema lakheluM che. asuronAM che ema spaSTa to nathI lakhyuM. paraMtu koI Atara jAtinAM che ema kaheluM che. asurene khyAla Avelo nathI agara temAMthI nIkaLelA lekhe vaMcAya tyAMsudhI e graMthanA lekhake lakhavuM yogya nahi dhAryuM hoya. paraMtu pirANika paraMparA pramANe maya Adi moTA bAMdhakAma karanAra asure che te joyuM. eTale e Aryetara jAti te asuro ja che. 9 Asura in India: P. 36-37. dAse kALA ane beThelA TUMkA nAkavALA hatA. emane veda "anAsa' nAka vagaranA kahe che. Aryo sapheda ane lAMbA tINa nAkavALA hatA. asure hiraNya athavA sonerI aMganA hatA. asurone varNa hiraNya ema che anarajI zAstrIe batAvyuM che. aveda 1-35-10mAM hiSya datta mayura vagere maMtra che. e sAthe taitirIya a. raNyakane kaMdapurANanI prastAvanAmAM Apelo zivastutine utAre jovA jevo che. namo hUirakhya vacce rikhya vaca hiraNya pAya digya patayenkiMI pataye samApana parIpataye namaH || AhiraNyahasta vedano deva, ane hiraNyabAhu pazupati ziva ane hiraNyavarNa asurane e zuM sUcana kare che te prazna che. ziva asaranA deva e AgaLa joizuM. 10 e ja pR. 36-37. brAhmaNa samaya sudhI dhaNIkharI vaidika samayanI aitihAsika paraMparAo tAjI hatI. chatAM yajurveda asure mATe je ullekha kare che ke asure aMdhakArathI vyApta che te jotAM asurenI kada kALanI pratiSThA pAchalA vaidika samayamAM ochI thatI AvatI hatI. 11 e ja pR. 83-84. zrI anaMtaprasAda banarajI zAstrI emanA nibaMdhamAM asura, Aryo ane dAsa jAtinuM je adbhuta mizraNa thayuM tenuM suMdara varNana sapramANa kare che. Aja sudhInA vaidika sAhityanA lekhakoe asura jAtine yathArtha rIte samajavAmAM ghaNe goTALo karela che, ane vedanA yuropIya vidvAnemAMthI ghaNAoe to enA rupaka tarIke artha karelA che. pArjITara asurane judI jAti gaNe che. emanI dalIlo uttama che. paraMtu ailo mATenI emanI mAnyatA vAdagrasta che ane tene lIdhe keTalAMka Arya ane asura kulane oLakhavAmAM emaNe zaMkA utpanna thAya evuM lakhANa kareluM. Ama chatAM paNa prAcInatama brAhmaNone Aryo karatAM asura-daitya dAnavo sAthe khAsa saMbaMdha che. Arya brAhmaNo che nahi. mukhya devee brAhmaNa asurane mArI brahmahatyA karI ema purANo kahe che chatAM vRtrAdine mAravA mATe vaMde devAnAM vakhANa kare che vagere vigata (Ancient Indian His. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa v 200 devAsura saMgrAma RgvedanA meATA bhAgamAM devaprArthanA uparAMta je aitihAsika TukaDA najare paDe che te A devAsura saMgrAma. purANAe e TukaDAne sAMdhIne emAMthI emanI rIta pramANe itihAsa banAvyA che. eTale vedArthanuM A purANA vaDe samuparbahaNa thAya tA ja artha baMdha bese e vAta siddha thaelI che.12 veda samayanA devAsura saMgrAmanA eka karatAM vadhAre bhAga paDe tema che. daitrAdi ahi-asuro sAthenA saMgrAma sarvathI pahelA che. paraMtu pAchaLathI thaelI meLavaNI pachI lakhAelAM purANAe jemane Arya rAjAe tarIke gaNyA che evA rAntae ane Ati vibhAgAnAM nAma vedamAM maLe che, ane e asura jAtinA hatA ema siddha thAya che.13 vedamAM jene dArArAjJa kahe che te A jAti vibhAgeAnAM yuddhonAM ullekhA che. pAMcajana e asuronI pAMca vikhyAta TALIe che.14 vRtra sAthenA saMgrAma AryAM emanA devAne nAme laDhacA. dArArAjJanA saMgrAma pAchaLathI eka Arya saMskRtinA saMgrAmeA tarIke itihAse noMdhyA hovAthI e manuSyA vacce elAM yuddo rUpe manAyAM. AryoM taraphathI diveAdAsa, sudAsa Adi rAA hatA. asurA taraphathI puru, yadue, turvasu, aNue Adi hatA. A asura RtimAM daitya, dAnava, rAkSasa, nAga Tradition: P. 304-8. Pargiter) khAsa noMdhavA jevI che, paraMtu pArTeTara pachI A bAbata navA prakArA paDavA che, ane mehena-jo-DerAnI Aye tara saMskRtinI zodhakheLa uparathI Aja sudhI manAelI vaidika samayanI samAjavyavasthAnI mAnyatAomAM pheraphAra karyAM vagara chuTakA nathI. dAnavA ane tyA ApaNA jevA mANasA hatA tene mATe baeNnarajI zAsrI uparAMta pArthaTaranA uparokta graMthanAM pR. 29091 e. emAM prasiddha vaidika kuLa asurA hatAM te samAveluM che. A AkhA viSaya eka graMtha thAya evaDo meTA hovAthI TuMkamAM ahIM lakhavuM ardha vagaranuM thAya. zrI baeNnarajI zAsrI kahe che ke asuro ane dAse AryAthI hAryAM ane kALe karIne e traNe jotionuM mizraNa thaine hiMdu samAja evA banyA ke kANa mULa kayI jAtinuM te oLakhAya nahi. AryAM vijetA hovAthI mizra saMskRti upara mahArachApa emanI paDI. mahAbhAratanuM yuddha A mizraNa kriyAnuM chelluM rUpa hatuM ema ee mAne che. (pR. 77, 83, 84.) 12 A vaidika samayano itihAsa nakkI karavA mATe ekalA vedyA nahi, temaja ekalAM purANA paNa niha. paraMtu tihAsa- purALamyAM melamuvRMtyet / vimetyamyatADhevo mAmaya priita / / e vacana pramANe vedArthane itihAsa purANAthI AdhAra ApavAnA che ane tema na thAya te| vaeNdArthanuM khUna thAya che. eTale vedanA bhASyakAro asura zabdano artha laghu eTale prANa uparathI kare ke vRMtrAdinA artha vidyAnA megha ke evI kudaratI vastuo kare te upalA vacananA bhaMga kare che ane vedArtha cathA thatA nathI, te sAthe purANA upara dAnaleAbhI brAhmaNeAe caDhAvelAM paDa paNa kADhI nAkhI vaidAne lagADavAnAM che. asura ti je veda samayamAM uttama saMskRti vALI hatI te nidAne pAtra thai e zabda gALarUpe manAvA lAgyA. jyAre paradezI tarIke AvelA Aryo je mATe bhAge brAhmaNanA dveSI hatA temanA Arya zabda mAnavAcaka thaine e zabda lagADavAmAM khuda brAhmaNA pAte garva karavA lAgyA. brahmA sarveApari thayA pachI goThavAyelAM purANAmAM e chApa dekhAya che. 13 puruo, yadue, bhRgue ane bInna ghaNA vaidika RSie ane rAnae A jAtamAM che. jIe Asura in India: yadu mATe pU. 79 thI 86; bhRgue mATe pR. 16-pa-63. cavana ane dadhIcI paNa emAM Ave che. (pR. 58) bhRgu-zukra asuronA guru e purANamAM prasiddha che. vedamAM bhRgue duhyuenA gAra che. 14 Asura in India: P. 16, 60. yadu vagere ane bhRgune paNa gaNe che. bhRgunuM pazcima eziyAnI esiriyA vagerenI bhASAmAM Phrigian nAma che. 'bha'nA e taraphanI bhASAmAM 'krU' thAya che enA dAkhalAe ApelA che. bhRgue asura te mATe paNa jue pR. 17 ane 18. For Private and Personal Use Only t

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pariziSTa huM 201 Adi piTA jAtio hatI. 15 A badhI jAtio siMdhunA uparanA pradezathI siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukhapradeza sudhI vaselI hatI. AmAMnI keTalIka jAtio samudra ane nadIonAM nauyAna mATe jANItI hatI. nAga jAtimAM be bheda hatA. eka parvatavAsI ane bIjI jalavAsI. jalavAsI nAga jAtinA hAthamAM asuronuM vahANavaTuM hatuM.16 A jAtioe siMdhu ane sarasvatInA kAMThA upara cheka mukha sudhI, ane samudranA dvIpa upara Adhipatya meLavyuM hatuM. A nauyAnamAM cheka ajJAna hatA.17 nadI ane samudranA vahANavaTAthI maLatA dravya ane vaibhava paDAvI levA mATe thaeluM vera e paNa A saMgrAmanuM eka kAraNuM che. e vibhavanA mULanuM jJAna thatAM samudranAM dvAra ane nadIe kabaje levA mATe paNa A saMgrAma thayA che che. samudramaMthananI paurANika kathA e dariyAI vepArathI prApta thaelI lakSamI ane te levA devAsura laDyA e etihAsika bInAnuM paurANika rUpa che.18 pazcima hiMdanI nadIo ane asure A nadIonA pravAha kabaje karavAnAM yuddho vaidika samayamAM phakta siMdhu sarasvatI ane emanI sakhIene lAgu paDe che. bIjI hiMdanI gaMgA vagere moTI nadIone te sAthe saMbaMdha nathI. A be nadIonAM mukha e samaye hAla che tyAM nahi paNa judI ja jagyAe hatAM. siMdhu nadI hAla kacchanA raNanA upalA bhAgamAM jayAM pUrva samudra hato tyAM maLatI hatI. pazcimettara hiMdanI badhI nadIo moTe bhAge A be mahA nadIomAM potAnAM pANI ThalavatI. e bane nadIo emanAM mukhathI cheka paMjAbanAM medAnonA 15 Asura in India: P. 96. pAITara, A. I. His. Tr. P. 290*91. pArjITara pR. 277mAM rAkSasane dariyAI prajA kahe che. pR. 306-8nuM varNana paNa nedhavA jevuM che. ahIM pAchuTare ApelA AdhAre jovA. 16 Asura in IndiamAM nAgajAtinuM varNana juo. P.P. 92-98. sidhu Adi nadIo temaja pUrvanI nadIo paNa asura nAgone kabaje hatI. nAgati e asuranI mukhya peTAjAti hatI e zrI baeNnarajI zAstrInuM mAnavuM che. narmadAkinAre karkoTaka nAgonA kulanA hAthamAM hato. emanuM bhramaNa nadIonA mArgathI thatuM. parvatavAsI nAgo takSaka kulanA. zrI baeNnarajI zAstrI jarAsaMdha ane dvArakAnA yAdava nAgakulanA asuro hatA ema mAne che paraMtu e mATe emane AdhAra majabUta nathI. paraMtu te asura te hatA ja. qu Asura in India: P. 35. "Arya navigation of the sea is unknown, whereas Asuryans is very often connected with the river, Aryone samudranuM bhAna nahotuM ema je sAmAnya arthamAM kahe che te goTALe kare che. asuranI vAta dhyAnamAM letA nathI. asuro pAse nadIonA rastA hatA. (pR.36). vedamAM turvasu cadu kahyu vagerenA saMbaMdha jala sAthe che. vadhu mATe have pachInA pariziSTamAM jue. 18 samudramaMthananI kathAne judA judA vidvAnee judAM judAM rUpa ApI artha karelA che. jemAM te kudaratanA dekhAva sAthe e kathAne sarakhAve che. paraMtu navI zodhakhoLathI vedanA artha (stutionA bAda karatAM) navI daSTithI karavA paDaze e vakhata have prApta thayo che. vadamAM Arya ane asuronA je saMgrAme Ave che te jhINavaTathI vAMcatAM samudramaMthana e dariyAI vepAra ane nAM kendro tathA mArgo hAtha karavA mATe potAnI sattA vadhyA pachI Ane eka bhAre prayatna kahevAya. lakSamI vagere rane samadramAMthI nIkaLyAM ane te mATe devo ane de laDavA. maMthana ghaNAM varSa cAlyuM. vAsuki nAga valeNAnuM doraDuM-netabanyo vagere vAto laphamI prApta karavA mATenA dariyAI mArga, kharI lakSamI dariyAI vepArathI thAya che, e mATe lAMbuM yuddha vagerenuM pirANika svarUpa che. asuranuM nakakhAtuM nAga jAtinA hAthamAM hatuM. emane rAjA vAsuki maMthanamAM doraDuM banyuM eTale eNe agatyane bhAga lIdhe ema ja artha che. hAlanuM (1914) mahAyuddha jema vepAra vagere Arthika lAbha mATe hatuM ema dikALanuM A Arthika yuddha hatuM. ApaNA pUrvajo dhana mATe nahotA laDhatA, badhA sAdhu hatA ema mAnavAne kAraNa nathI. ' manuSya2vabhAva dareka kALamAM sarakho ja hatA ane sarakhe ja che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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202 pariziSTa ? uttara pradeza sudhI vahANa cAlI zake evI hatI.19 e bannenI nAnI moTI sAta sAta zAkhAone lIdhe cheka gAMdhArathI yamunAnA taTapradeza sudhIno vizALa pradeza mahAsAgara pAranA dezo sAthe sIdho ane saraLa vyavahAra rAkhI zakato.20 sarasvatI nadI pazcimamAM siMdhu ane pUrvamAM pAriyotra (AravallI) parvatanI hAramALAne samAMtara vahI gujarAtanI sImAmAM samudrane maLatI. kacchanA raNano upalo bhAga jema siMdhunAM mukhethI vyApta hato tema khaMbhAtano akhAta sarasvatInuM mukha hato ema mAnavAne kAraNe che. eka mata evo che ke sarasvatI paNa kacachanA raNane ja maLatI. A viSayanI carcA judA pariziSTamAM karI che. A bane nadIonAM mukhane gujarAtanI sImA sAthe nikaTano saMbaMdha hato e to nirvivAda vAta che. A kAraNathI ane asarAnA hAthamAM veda samayano jaLavaTano A vyavahAra hovAthI gUjarAtano kinAre asura jAtinAM prabaLa thANathI bharelo hato.21 devAsura saMgrAmane kALanirNaya vedanA samayamAM cadu aNuo vagere jAtio ane nAga jAtinI jaLa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI zAkhAne gujarAta sAthe khAsa saMbaMdha hatA.22 devAsura saMgrAma-Aryo ane asuronA saMgrAmamAM hArajIta bane pakSanI thavA chatAM pariNAme asure hAratA AvyA, ane vakhata jatAM upara kahyuM evuM jAtionuM mizraNa zarU thayuM te arasAmAM chinnabhinna thaelI asara jAtinA chuTA vyaktigata netAe paMjAba ane brahmAvartanA pradezamAMthI nAsI dakSiNa ane pUrva tarapha chuTA chuTA pitAnI sattA jALavI rahyA hatA. 23 A 19 A bAbatanI vistRta carcA sarasvatInA pravAhanA pariziSTamAM karI che. 20 ApaNI prAcIna bhUgoLane mahArNava te arabI samudra, baMgALI upasAgara nahi e khAsa dhyAnamAM levA jevuM che. ahIM pirANika sapta samudrone artha gaNavAno nathI. paraMtu sAmAnya bhUgoLano arNava gaNavAne che. ane te pRthvInI bhUgoLa mATe nahi paNa bhAratavarSanI. e rIte varAhamihire bhAratanI naiRtye mahArNavane mUkayo che te yathArtha che. prAcIna asuro vagere hiMdanA vatanIonAM naiyAna A samudra dvArA hatAM. mahArNava mATe juo bRhatasaMhitA 14. 21 Asura in India P.P. 84-86.Parghter. A.In. His. Tr, P. 304-1. A bAbata vadhu carcA AgaLa karIzuM. 22 Asura in India: P. 54, P.P. 79-26. zrI benarajI zAstrI yaduone nAgajAtinA kahe che ane te mATenA temanA AdhAra sabaLa nathI, nAgajAti asuromAM khAsa AgaLapaDatI ane laDAyaka jAti hatI, asuronuM ane nAgenuM vatana eka ja sAthe pAtALamAM hatuM vagere dhaNI vigato purANamAM ane vaidika sAhityamAM e benA saMbaMdha mATe maLe che. ahi eTale nAga e zabda asure-de mATe paNa vAparelo che ane vRtrAsurane ahi kahelo che. paraMtu yAdavane rapaSTa rIte asure nA nAga nAmanA piTa vibhAganA hevAne vizvasanIya ullekha maLato nathI. yAdavo asura jAtinA hatA eTale mAtra spaSTa thAya che. baladeva zeSane avatAra gaNAtA ane temanA maraNa vakhate temanA mukhamAMthI nAga nIkaLyo ane samudramAM piThe e vAtane keTaluM vajana ApavuM te zaMkA che. baladevanuM maraNa kADIAvADane kinAre thayuM e aitihAsika vAta gaNI zakAya, aitihAsika nAgajAtimAM kaTaka nAga narmadAkinAre vasatA hatA eTaluM to spaSTa che. 23 Asura in India: P. 16.20. veda samayamAM vRtra, bala, purukusa, rauhiNa Adi asure vyaktigata (Individual) hatA ema benarajI zAstrInuM mAnavuM che. kAraNake emanAM ke prasiddha kuLanA ullekha nathI. vedakALanA pAchalA bhAgamAM jatienA mizraNa vakhate pRthu, vainya, bali, bhagadatta, jarAsaMdha, kaMsa, rAvaNa vagere ghaNA asuro gaNAvyA che. mi. benarajI zAstrInuM mAnavuM ema che ke Aryoe je mizraNa utpanna karyuM temAM sAmA paDI laDayA te A vyaktigata asure pAchaLathI bhayaMkara prA. cAtudhAna-DemonsnA arthamAM gaNAyA, pR. 77, emanA aMta mATe juo pR. 94, asure ane Ane dhArmika bheda paNa hato ja. e loka AryonI kriyAo pAchaLathI kaI kaI karavA lAgyA. emane kema na karanArA, adevayu, ayana, avrata vagere kahyA che. pAchaLanA saMpradAyavALA paNa virUddha matavALAne Ama daitya asuro gaNavA lAgyA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa huM 203 ghaNA lAMbA samayanA gALAmAM judA judA asura rAjAone kALanirNaya karavA mATe koI sAdhana nathI. mehana-jo-DerenI zodhakhoLothI vedane Aja sudhI manAto samaya have ghaNe dUra gayo che. 24 jeke e khaMDerenA cheka taLiyAnA paDamAMthI maLelI vastuo vedanA lAMbA samayanA mAtra eka bhAganI gaNI zakAya. e rIte jotAM A vyaktigata asura rAjAono samaya I. pUrve 350thI 2000no mAnI zakAya.25 pANini ane yAkanA samayathI te e paraMparAo eTalA saikA jUnI che ke chevaTamAM chevaTa ene I. sa.' pUrve 1500 varSathI to pachI lavAya tema nathI. asure pazcima hiMdane kinAre ane samudra have pazcima eziyAnA dezothI kAThIAvADanA kinArA sudhI prAcIna kALamAM samAna saMskRti hatI e to siddha thayuM che.26 e saMskRti asura jAtinI hatI ema pro. benarajI zAstrI, DaeN. veleDa vagere kahe che, ane kaI Aryatara jAtinI hatI ema mahena-jo-DerenA lekhake e siddha kareluM che. pro. benarajI zAstrI ane veDela kahe che tema asaro esIriyAthI hidamAM AvyA hoya ke hidathI e bAjI gayA hoya e vAdagrasta viSayane ahIM choDI devAnI jarUra che.27 mohana-jo-DeronA lekhakoe paNa emane jaDelI Atara' saMskRtinI janmabhUmi kayAM haze e carcA vadhu pramANa jaDe te mATe mullavI rAkhI che. pre. benarajI zAstrI kahe che tema bhaviSya purANanA eka ullekha uparathI-"asuro samudra pArathI AvyA hatA'-A loko esiriyAthI ja AvyA hatA ema siddha karI zakAya nahi. pra. benarajI zAstrI asuranI chelI hAra pachI e lokemAMthI jeo Arya saMskRtimAM na bhaLI gayA te pAchA esiriyA gayA ema kahe che tene vadhAre AdhAranI jarUra che. tethI ulaTuM e loke hiMdanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM ane dakSiNa hiMdI mahAsAgaramAM28 tathA arabI samudranA 29 TApuomAM gayA ema mAnavAne sabaLa kAraNe che. eTale e vAdagrasta vAta paDatI mUkI badhAe svIkAreluM eTaluM satya kabUla karavuM joIe ke asura jAti vaidika samayamAM pazcima hiMdamAM vatana 30 karIne rahelI hatI ane samudra sAthenA temanA viziSTa 24 juo mahena-jo-DeronA sara jona mArazalanA graMthanuM kAlanirNanuM prakaraNa, emAMnAM moDAmAM meDAM avazene i. sa. pUrve 3100 thI 3200nAM dhAravAmAM Ave che. A avaze paththarayuganAM kahe che. eTale avedane samaya AjathI 5000 varSathI paNa ghaNo pAchaLa jAya che. 25 pro. benarajI zAstrIe vaidika ane esiriyana pramANe sarakhAvI samayanirNaya karyo che. eo kanvedanA samayanA aMtamAM asuranI jati tarIke chellI hAra mAne che eTale I. sa. pUrve 2000 varSanI lagabhagamAM mAne che. eTale veda pachInAM vyaktigata asura ra I. sa. pUrve 1500nI lagabhaga mAnI zakAya. mehena-jo-De ane harappAnI mahoro rDo. Dele vAMcI che te kharI Thare to keTalAka anvedanA RSionA samaya nakkI thAya tema che. paraMtu mehana-jo-DerenI asura saMskRti samayanirNaya karavAmAM khAsa madada kare che. R$ Sir J. Marshall, Mohenjo Daro & Indus Civilization. I. 50-58. 27 che. benarajI zAstrInuM Asura in India ane veDelanuM Indo Sumerian Seals deciphered. 28 malAyAnA TApuomAM-jAvA sumAtrAvageremAM, 29 arabI samudramAM lakSadvIpa, mAladvIpa uparAMta bIjA TApuo hatA te. Holdiche Gates of India. P. 146. 30 sidhu mukhethI upara pravAhe paMjAba sudhI paNa asureno vasavATa hatA emapirANika paraMparA ane vaidika ullekhathI siddha thAya che. paNa nadI upara emanI hAra vaidika samayamAM jANItI che. purANomAM asura astAcaLa upara lazkara laI UbhA ema Ave che. paraMtu kharUM A pramANe samajAya che. vedamAM veda 10-67mA sUktamAM abuMda daityano ullekha che. ene jalane asura gaNela che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa r 204 saMbaMdhathI,31 ane siMdhu tathA sarasvatI jevI meATI nadIe kAzmIrathI samudra sudhI jaI zakAya32 tevI temanI sattAmAM heAvAthI, te mArge samudraparyaTana karatA heAvAthI e nadIonAM mukhavALA AkhA pradezamAM emanI khAsa vastI hatI. preA. benarajI zAsrI vaidika AdhArAthI sarasvatI nadI upara asuronAM kendro hatAM ema kabUla karavA chatAM mukhya thANuM (base) siMdhumukhamAM hatuM ema lakhe che. ema bhUla thavAnuM kAraNa e che ke sarasvatInuM mukha siMdhuthI jItyuM hatuM ema e spaSTa rIte mAnatA nathI. kharI rIte ebanne nadIonAM mukha judAM hatAM paNa bahu cheTAM nahAtAM. eTale e banne upara asura kuLAnAM thANAM hatAM.33 asurI ane gujarAtane kinArI A banne nadInA mukhapradezanA jalathI Anatta deza dherAelA hatA.34 vaizvika asurAnAM pAMcakulapaMcajanA:-mAM yaduM urvasu, bruhyu, bhukhyu, pUru ane emanA sahAyaka bhRguo hatA.35 bhRguenuM sthaLa paurANika paraMparA pramANe narmadAnA mukha AgaLa e nAmathI prasiddha bhRgukacchamAM hatuM. emanA mukhya puruSa cyavana bhRgune AnartenA zayyA sAthe vhevAinA saMbaMdha hatA.36 eja kuLanA dadhicI ane emanA kuLanA sArasvata agara pippalAdanAM sthaLeA paurANika paraMparA pramANe sarasvatItIre ane keTaleka mate (matra 12), pAMcamA maMtramAM asurapurI pazcimamAM hatI ema lakhe che. vimiyApura rAyathemapAnI ItyAdithI zarU thatA maMtramAM sAyaNa apAcI eTale pazcima taraphanI asurapurI evA a kare che, ane grIphItha Western Castle atha kare che. arbudane Watery Demon kahyuM che. A arbuda ne arbuda-Abu sAthe saMbaMdha haze ?purANAmAM manuSya vyaktienAM nAma uparathI dezeAnAM nAmeA paDavAnA dAkhalA dhaNA che. jIe balinA che.karAe aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, puM, sumha vagere che.je - dezanAM nAma che. bhAratanA nava khaMDanAM nAma paNa rAjaputronAM nAma che, te arbuda asuranA sthAna uparathI arbuda-Akhu nAma kema na paDyu hoya ? A mATe joke sIdhe! purAvA nathI, arbudanI pAse thaine vaidika sararavatI AvatI hatI. e parvatanI bIjI bAju kacchanA raNanA pUrvAvatAra samudra hatA eTale brahmAvartamAM rahenAra Arya RSine arbudAcalamAM rahenAra arbuda daitya Watery Demon ravAbhAvika rIte lAge. apAnInA atha pazcima ane dakSiNa banne thAya che. arbudane kAveya nAgajAtinA kahyA che. nAgAnA jala-vahANavaTA sAthenA saMbaMdhathI paNa a Watery Demon kahevAya. 31 Asura in India: P. 20. jema samudrane nAgAnuM raheNa kahyA che tema mahAbhAratamAM asurAnuM raheDANa kahyA che. vaLI surALAM 2 vAMdhavam, anurALAM saraLamU vagere samudrane kaheluM che. 32 siMdhu, sarasvatI, kAzmIrathI samudra sudhI jaI zakAya tevI hatI te mATe AdhArI sararavatInA pravAhanA lekhamAM jue. 33 A badhI carcA paNa saravatInA pravAhanA lekhamAM karI che. Imp. Gaz. I, 30mAM sarasvatInuM mukha siMdhu mukha pAse mAnIne tyAM nAza pAmelAM zaheranAM ghaNAM cinhA hatAM ema lakhe che. kharI rIte e prAcIna siMdhunA mukhanI vAta che. tyAM samRddha zaherA hatAM eTalI vAta noMdhavA jevI che. 34 siMdhu ane vipAzAnAM mukhA kacchanA raNanA samudramAM ane sarasvatInuM mukha khaMbhAtanA akhAta rUpe eTale gujarAtane keTaleAka bhAga ane kAThIAvADa e jaLathI gherAelA jevA, Anartta e kAThIAvADanA pUrva taraphanA keTalAka bhAgane paNa kahetA te joIzuM. 35 Asura in India P. 16, 17, 18, 41, 55. 36 Pargiter: A. Ind. His. Tra. P. 265, 304, 194-97. dadhicIne cyavananA putra kahyA che. 'Cyavana is always connected with the west of India, the country around the Gulf of Cambay, in or near Sharyati's territory Anarta. (P. 196) pachI cyavane vaisUrya parvata upara(pazcimavidhya) tapa karyuM ema lakhe che. khaMbhAtanA ne vaiDaryane saMbaMdha jANItA che te pAchaLa joyuM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa huM 205 sAbaramatIne tIre hatAM.37 A bAbata sarasvatInA pravAhanA lekhamAM sAbaramatIne sarasvatInA nIcalA pravAha sAtheno saMbaMdha caryo che. caMduonuM mukhya sthaLa Anarta dezanI rAjadhAnI kuzasthalI athavA dvArakAmAM hatuM, ane e sthaLa prabhAsanA sAMnnidhyamAM sarasvatInA mukhanI pAse hatuM.38 A pramANe vaidika madhyadeza eTale paMjAba ane kaMIka aMze brahyAvartanI uttare Arya saMskRti, enI dakSiNe eTale vaidika nI deza ane paurANika pAtAla athavA adhabhuvanamAM asura saMskRti, ane e bane sAthe jorathI ghasAtI jatI hiMdanA mULa vatanI dAsa loko je badhe patharAyelA paDyA hatA, temanI saMskRti hatI. eTale asura saMskRti gUjarAta kAThIAvADanA kAMThAothI rAjaputAnAnA uttara bhAga sudhI ane siMdha tathA paMjAbanA keTalAka bhAga sudhI hatI. Ama Arya ane asura banne saMskRti ane pAchaLathI emanuM thaeluM mizraNa-e badhuM hiMdanA pazcima bhAgamAMthI pUrva ane dakSiNa tarapha gayuM che.39 pUrvamAMthI pazcimamAM AvyuM, agarato madhyadezamAM janma pAmI badhe prasaryuM e mAnyatA bhUla bharelI che. AmAM asura saMskRtine saMbaMdha pazcima eziyAnA dezonI vAta bAjue mUkI ekalA hiMdanI daSTie jotAM mULathI siMdha-kaccha-gujarAta ane kAThIAvADanA kinArA sAthe ja hato ema spaSTa thAya che.40 37 dadhicInI kathA purANonA sararavatI mAhAmAM ApelI che. padma e rathaLa sAbaramatI taTe mUke che ane pippalAda tIrtha paNa tyAM pAse ja mUke che. kaMda pATaNavALI sarasvatInI mUke che. A bAbata sarasvatInA pravAhanA lekhamAM carcA karelI che piplAdanI utpatti betraNa rIte purANomAM ApI che. ene sArasvata paNa kahe che. enAumAMthI vaDavAnala utpanna thayo evI kathA che.bhagulanA A maharSie vaidika saMrakRtinA ItihAsamAM zo bhAga bhajavye te carcavAnI ahI jarUra nathI. paNa e maharSei gujarAtanI bhUmi upara thayA e kahevAno hetu che. 38 dvArakAnuM nAma kuzarathaLI paNa che. e Anarta dezanI rAjadhAnI hatI, ane yAdavanI rAjadhAnI paNa hatI. hAla kAThIAvADane sArA kahIe chIe. paraMtu pirANika paraMparA pramANe ene keTaloka bhAga Anarta kahevAto hato. pirANika kathAkASanA lekhaka gujarAtanA pazcima kinArAne surASTra ane kAThIAvADane Anarta kahe che te eka rIte barobara che. pArjITaranA nakazAmAM paNa e rIte ApeluM che, paraMtu A bAbatanAM eka ja vAMdho Ave che te e ke prabhAsa saurASTramAM mULathI gaNAya che. I. sa. nI zarUAta jeTalA nAnA grIka lekhake paNa saiArASTra (Sarestrene)ne ulekha kare che te sidhumukhathI turata Ave che. eTale anizcita rIte (vaguely) A baMne dezo eka gaNAtA hoya ke eka dezanA bhAga hoya ke sarahado maLelI hoya. dvArakA te AnartamAM ja hatuM. eTale kadAca kAThIAvADane pazcima bhAga surASTra kahevAto haze. gujarAtane kinAre kinArAnI anizcitatAne lIdhe emAM gaNA hoya. enuM nAma kharI rIte anupa ane aparAMta che. Anarta dezanI dvArakApurI hAla che te nahi e siddha thaeluM che. zrI du. ke. zAstrI junAgaDhane dvArakA kahe che. (juo purAtatva trimAsika) jyAre buddhiprakAzamAM ghaNuM karIne mahAmahopAdhyAya hAthIbhAI zAstrI keDInAra pAse muLa dvArakAne ja dvArakAM kahe che. je vyAjabI lAge che. 34 Asura in India: P. 69-77. 40 Asura in India: P. 6, 11, 16, 18, 33, 34, 36, 41, 42, 48, 69, 72, 77. 82-86, 100. ATale sthaLe che. benarajI zAstrIe asaranAM mukhya sthaLe siMdhumukha ane sarasvatItaTa upara hatAM ema lakhyuM che ene mATe ghaNA AdhAra ApyA che. ahIM mULa AdhAra laMbANanA bhayathI ApyA nathI. siMdhu ane ane sarasvatI bemAMthI mukhya thANuM kaI nadI upara hatuM te spaSTa nathI. paraMtu kada pUe sarasvatIne bane kAMThe hatA ema lakhe che, ane zatapatha brAhANuM pUo asure hatA ema spaSTa lakhe che. (zata. VI. 8-1-14.) che. benarajI zAstrI pR. 41-42mAM sidhu ane sarasvatI uparanAM bhinnabhinna asurakulo gaNAve che. sarasvatInA taTanAM asuraku, aNu, duhayu, madhu, turvasu, pUru ema Rveda VI.61-12 x. s... I. 1088 vagerenA AdhAre kahe che. sarasvatI taTanAM kulone Main Body of Asuras kahe che ane A bane nadIo mATe A sAthe Fight for the waterways (pR. 37) kahe che. atre phera eTalo ja che ke pre. benarajI For Private and Personal Use Only

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206 pariziSTa huM gUjarAta ane vyaktigata asure vyaktigata asuranAM thANuomAM paNa A vibhAgamAM nAmo maLI Ave che. madhu daityanuM madhupura gUjarAtamAM.41 tAladhvajanuM tAlAjapura gUjarAtamAM.42 hiDiMbanuM hiDiMbana 43 gUjarAtamAM. bali rAjAne narmadA kinAre bhUkulanA brAhmaNoe yajJa karAvyo hato.44 mahiSa jAtinA asuranuM ane pAchaLathI karakeTaka nAga-asura jAtinuM sthAna narmadA kinAre-mAhiSmatI upara.45 tArakAsuranuM sthAna purANa pramANe khaMbhAta pAse. bANAsuranuM sthAna paNa kaI dakSiNa gujarAtamAM mUke che paraMtu e spaSTa nathI.47 kAlanemI, nimi, kAlayavana, AdinA sthaLe arabI samudranA nAza pAmelA TApuomAM hovAnuM samajAya sarasvatIne karachanA raNamAM siMdhune maLatI kahe che. ane sidhu eka phaTe hAlane rathaLe vaheto paNa mAne che. jyAre kharI rIte sidhunA badhA phAMTA kacchanA raNane maLatA. vipAzA svataMtra kacchanA raNane maLatI ane sarasvatI svataMtra dakSiNa samudrane maLatI, ApaNA bhagaLakAre "mahAva' te arabI samudra ane tenI nIce hiMdI mahAsAgara, baMgALI upasAgara sAthe baha prAcIna saMbaMdha nathI. bhAratanI bhUgoLamAM varAhamihira bahata saMhitAmAM atyamAM ja madALavacaiva ema kahe che. 41 madhumatIpurI mahuAne kahe che. koI mate maheza paNa gaNAya che. e carcAne ahIM sthAna nathI. banne sarasvatInA pravAha sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che e vAta e lekha uparathI samajAze. madhu datya Anarta sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che te mATe AgaLa lakhIzuM. 42 taLAjA-tAladhvajapura. juo kApIAvADa gejheTIaramAM taLAjA zabda, 43 hiDiba vana pAvAgaDha ane godharAnAM jaMgalomAM gaNAya che. keI kAThIAvADamAM kahe che. sara gejheTIara mahesuramAM AvelA cItaladurga tAlukAnA gAmamAM mUke che. rAjazekhara (navamI sadI) kAvyamImAMsAmAM gujarAtanI nadIo gaNAvatAM mahI ane narmadAnI vacce hiDibA nAmanI nadI lakhe che. jene hAla patto nathI. DhADhara vagere nadIonI pUrvAvatAra kaI saheja moTI nadI haze. hAla godharA jIllAmAM "haDapa' nadImAM e nAma jaLavAI rahyuM jaNAya che. mahAbhAratamAM sahadeva gUjarAtamAM AvyA bAda ghaTotkacane (haiDiba) laMkA mekale che ane rakaMdapurANa enA putrane saMbaMdha mahIsAgara saMgama sAthe jaNAve che. A paraMparAo hiDiba vanane gUjarAtamAM mUkavA mATe ThIka gaNAya. 44 bhAgavata skaM. 8, a. 18 lo. 20-21. bharUcamAM viSNue vAmanarUpe pRthvI mAgI ne letI vakhate virATa rUpa lIdhuM e chetarapiMDI mATe balie ToNuM mAryuM paNa vacana pALyuM. balie daityane kahyuM ke je kAla ApaNA pakSamAM hatA te devAnA (AryonA) pakSamAM gayo che. kAlane AdhIna badhA che. 45 N. De's Geographical Dictionary of Ancient India: P. 119120. mahesurane mahiSAsurapura ane mAhiSa deza harAvavA mahesura gejheTIaranA lekhaka DaeN. rAIsa vagere e prayatna kare che. tenI viruddha carcA karI che ane te kharI che. azoke potAne mANasa mekalelo ane mahAbhArata AdinA AdhArathI anupa dezanI rAjadhAnI mAhiSmatI, ane tyAM mahiSa raza ema puravAra thayuM che. ene mahezvara-mahezvarapura paNa kahe che. mahI ane narmadAnI vacceno e deze vizeSa. tAkAsurane mahiSa asuro madadamAM AvelA temane deza. pArjITara tyAM pAchaLathI karakeTaka nAge AvyA ane rahyA ema lakhe che. asara jAtine pravAha ahIMthI dakSiNamAM suramAM jaIne vasyA ane e dezanuM nAma mahiSAsurapura-hesura paDayuM. 46 ke, pu. kai khaM. staMbhatIrtha mahIsAgara saMgama-nAgarakhaMDa. tAmravatI nagarI. baMne rIte khaMbhAta. 47 bANAsuranuM sthAna hiMdanA cAre cheDe ane vacce game tyAM dareka prAMtavALA mUke che. zrI naMdalAla denI Geo. Dic. of An. IndiamAM lagabhaga chathI ATha jagyAe bANAsuranuM sthAna kahe che. emAM matsyapurANa pramANe tripura narmadA kinAre AveluM te bANAsuranuM nagara ema kahe che. e ja zeNitapura. madhya hiMda, AsAma, himAlaya-kauna madrAsa badhe e rasthAna mukeluM che. bANAsura baline putra kahevAya che ane asuronI sAmAnya paraMparA pramANe e pazcima hiMdamAM ja hoya. paNa prasiddha vyaktione badhe laI javAnI ApaNA lokanI rIta che. madrAsa pAse mahAbalipura kahe che te balinuM sthAna manAya che. paraMtu tenuM kharuM nAma mahAmallapuram che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa huM 207 che.48 paulo -rAvaNa Adi rAkSasa jAtinA asurenuM sthAna laMkAmAM. laMkAne sthaLa nirNaya vAdagrasta hoI ahIM karavo jarUrI nathI. paraMtu hAlano sIlonane TApu laMkA nathI ane laMkA dakSiNa samudramAM kaI sthAne hovuM joIe e vidvAnone mata che.49 A laMkAmAM javA mATe uttara hiMdamAMthI mukhya dhorI rasto gujarAtanAM baMdaree thaIne hato.50 Ama asura kulonA me TA bhAgano saMbaMdha ApaNA kinArA sAthe hato. vyaktigata asuromAM jAtionA mizraNa vakhate prasiddha mathurAno kaMsa, magadhana jarAsaMdha ane prAyotiSa (AsAma) ne bhagadatta, ane cedIno zizupAla eTalA gUjarAtathI vegaLA hatA. mathurAthI to jamanA mAraphate sarasvatImAM thaI gUjarAtanA kinArA sAthe sIdhe saMbaMdha sulabha hate.* eTale ja purANa ane mahAbhAratAdimAM yAdavo ane pAMDavonuM mathurA, ane hastinApura tathA I. prasthathI dvArakA AvavuM vAraMvAra sahelAIthI thaI zakatuM. asura saMskRti gujarAtathI dakSiNamAM gaI pazcima hida-gUjarAta bAjunAM asuronAM mULa thANuMomAMthI asure ane emanI vadhaghaTI saMskRti hiMdanA pUrva ane dakSiNa bhAgamAM gaI e spaSTa che.52 heMsaramAM asaMranI je paraMparA ane sthaLa batAvAya 48 sahadeve digvijaya (kSiNa) karatI vakhate bharUca bAju AvyA pachI samudranA TApuonA vatanI asuro pAse kara bhAga levA to mokalyA. kAlayavana Adi e bAjunA TApuonA hatA. 49 A bAbatanI carcA mATe zrI naMdalAla denI Geo. Dic. of An. IndiamAM laMkA zabada jue. vaLI Indian His. Our mAM A carcA thaelI che. eka mata amarakaMTaka AgaLa laMkA ane bIje mAladvIpa AgaLa kahe che. sIlana laMkA nathI ema ghaNA purAvA maLe che. sIlonanuM pirANika nAma tAmaparNa jIpa che. e pachI lATa dezanA sihabAhunA putra vijaye, ane bIje mate sihalakumAre enuM nAma siMhaladvIpa pADavuM. e nAma paNa prAcIna che. laMkAnuM nAma siMhaladvIpa paDavuM e vAta zramamUlaka che. rAmAyaNa dazaratha rAjAnA vakhatamAM laMkAmAM rAvaNa ane siMhaladvIpamAM bIjo rAjA kahe che. paraMtu pirANika bhUgoLa , purANa karatAM vadhAre cokkasa lakhanAra varAhamihira (pAMcamI sadI) dakSiNanA dezo gaNAvatAM atha kSiona &aa ema zarU karI pachI thoDA deza gaNAvI sihala gaNAve che. eTale siMhaladvIpa-sIlona ane laMkA judA samajAya che. vadhu carcA InDIana hisTorIkala kavArTaralImAM bIjA matanA nirAsa karIne karelI che. ane e lekhaka lakSadvIpa mAladvIpamAMthI ekane laMkA kahe che. game tema paNa be deza judA che. varAhamihira laMkA ane ujajananI rekhA (longitude) eka kahe che jyAre sIna to tenAthI bahu pUrvamAM Ave. kuM. pu. kau. khaMDa 39mAM paNa siMhala ane laMkA judAM kahyAM che. 50 mahAbhArata sabhAparvamAM dakSiNa digvijaya karI gukaccha AvelA sahadeve laMkAnA rAjAne kara levA ghaTotkacane mokalyo. 51 jamanA sarasvatIne maLatI hatI te mATe sarasvatInA pravAhane lekha juo. pa2 Asura in India P. 69. pre, benarajI zAstrI lakhe che ke arthavavedanA samayamAM (jene e brAhmaNa samayanI lagabhaga mUke che) asure madhya deza thaIne pUrva tarapha gayA. They had left the North and the West far behind." atharva. X. *6mAM aMgirasone mATenA ullekhamAM "pratIcIna zabdanA yuropIya vidvAnoe karelA artho asaMgata jaNAvI ene sIdho artha pazcimanA evA kare che." Pratichi (Av, . 1-6) is an indication that the Asuras had travelled beyond the Sarswati. atharvaveda. XII. 1-5mAM prAcIna samayamAM pRthvI upara dee asurane harAvyA ema kahyuM che. e pRthvI ke jyAM manuSya pahelAM jamyAM. AgaLa pR. 77mAM A pramANe lakhe cheH "Asura in his greatness and decline has been traced above from the Indus Valley to the east of India from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal. He came from across the sea of salt water', and carried gradually his headquarters on the 'Ganges & Jumna'." JET&ar sig egy jire (. X.11.) e AdhAre A paNa prathama emane mAna ApatA. zrI benarajI zAstrI dakSiNe laMkA, pUrva magadha For Private and Personal Use Only

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208 pariziSTa huM che te mULa gujarAtanA asura sthaLa che.53 agatye sarasvatI taTethI dakSiNamAM jaI tyAM dharmapracAra ane AsAma, uttaramAM takSazIlA, e badhe asure siMdhu sukha ane sarasvatInA pradezamAMthI phelAyA ema sAbita kare che. (pR. 33). pR. 87mAM/mahA. Adi. 63-7; marya. 43; viSNu. 4-11; harivaMza 1-33; vAyu.4; vagere bIjA AdhAre/ thI caduo asure hatA ema siddha karyuM che. pUo vaidika sAhityamAM asure che ema paNa siddha karyuM che te AgaLa joyuM. , caduonI satA gujarAtathI mathurA sudhI hatI ema paNa siddha karyuM che. (pR. 83) pR. 85mAM harivaMzanI yaduo mATenI paraMparA pANinithI AnI che ema siddha karyuM che. joke harivaMza pANini pachI bhale lakhAyuM hoya) e pachI AzvalAyana gRha sUtrane mahAbhAratano ullekha ane harivaMza enI pUravaNI e badhuM batAvIne caduonI parANika paraMparA vaidika samaya sudhI pahoMce che ema siddha karyuM che. aitareya brAhmaNa VIII 14 uparathI asure madhya dezanI naiRtye hatA evuM sUcana maLe che ema paNa kahe che. pachI lakhe che ke "The Harivansha (94) gives their exact situation-Yadu's father Harva siva married to the daughter of Asura Madhu called Madhumati, founded a new kingdom called Anarta & Surashtra, and also known as Anup on the beautiful sea-beach. Thus the Yadus must have crossed over the sea to their west. And without doubt it is the Arabian Sea." pro. benarajI zAstrI yaduone gujarAtamAM uparanI carcA mujaba mUke che te barAbara che. e loka arabI samudranI bIjI bAjuthI AvyA te mAnyatAnI carcA AgaLa karelI che. yadune bApa harya% ke yayAti e vAdagrasta bAbata ahIM carcAyuM nahi. banne rIte e asura nitine Thare che. cayAtine saMbaMdha paNa pazcima hiMda sAthe che. AvI jAtanI guMce pusaNamAM che. madhu daitya yaduone sage. zrIkRSNa pote madhu uparathI mAdhava kahevAya. ane madhune mAryo mATe madhusUdana. A badhI guMcavaNanA ukela pATaranI rIte karavAnA che. pre. benarajI zAstrI nAgapura myujhiyamamAM bebIlonanI Adad (Hadad je mATe pariziSTaemAM liMgapUjArataMbha vagerenA lekhamAM carcA karI che)nI eka mahara (seal) jaDI che e uparathI pazcima eziyAnI asara batAve che. mahena-jo-Deroe e vAta sAbIta karI che. pre. benarajI zAstrIe bhaguo yadu, turvasu, puru Adi pAMca jAtionA saMbaMdhI che ema puravAra karIne (pR. 57 thI 70) bhagu, atharvaNa ane aMgirasae zabda eka ja vyakti mATe che ema siddha karyuM che. e AkhI carcAmAM utarAya tema nathI. atharvaveda asurene veda. e veda ghaNe jano ane atharva. vida pote skaMbha sata (X. 7)mAM kahe che tema badhA vedamAM purANa che. lo. mA. tilake bhAMDarakara memoriyala vaeNlyumamAM atharvavedanuM pazcima eziyAnuM sAmya eka lekha dvArA batAvyuM che. e vedanA kartA bhRgu, bhRgunA kulanuM nAma aMgirasuM ane emaNe prasarAvelA matanuM (cult) nAma atharva, eTale e matanA atharvaNa kahevAya. avanane bhArgava kahe che paraMtu cyavana pote ja bhaNuM che evo mata paNa che. daSya atharvaNa che. atharvavedane aMgirasa bhagunuM nAma maLIne bIjA vedothI bhinna vyaktigata kartApaNuM e vadane maLeluM che. A vedane vaidikAe pAchaLathI svIkAryo. tyAM sudhI vedatrayI hatI. zrI jyortidra mehana ceTarajI ta Ethical conception of the GathasmAM paNa A bAbata carcA raheja judI rIte kare che ane jarathostI dharmane aMgirasa veda gaNe che. teo eka samAna prAcIna dhArmika saMrakRtinA traNa bhinna rUpanA traNa mahAna pracAraka payagaMbare gaNAve che ane naranArAyaNanA nArAyaNa muni e pote ja pArasIonA payagaMbara jarathurata ema siddha karI, pahelA payagaMbara bhagavAna nArAyaNa jarathosta, bIjA bhagavAna zrIkRSNa geviMda ane trIjA bhagavAna tathAgata gema (buddha) ema kahe che. traNee eka ja dhArmika saMrakRti bhinnabhinna rUpe kahI. Ama AkhI hiMdu sarakRtinI janmabhUmi pazcimamAM che. te IrAnamAM janmI kehidanI pazcimamAM te kahevuM muzkela che. kharI rIte bhAratanI pazcima sarahada anizcita che. bhRguo atharvavedanA kartA hoya ane avana pate bhagu hoya te pachI pazcima hida-Anarta-mAM pirANika paraMparA emane mUke. pazcima eziyA sudhI eka saMskRti hatI e siddha vAta che te tene janma kyAM e ja nakkI karavAnuM che. hiMdamAMthI e kema na gaI hoya? ane e AkhI asura saMrakatinI janmabhUmi nahi to eka vakhatanuM kendra gUjarAta kAThIAvADane kinAre kema na hoya ? A bAbato atharvavedanI ke tenA koI bhAganI racanA paNa kayAM thaI haze te nathI sUcavatI ? paDe Mysore Gaz. I. P. 273-76. oNsura rAjyamAM kammasaMdra nAmanuM gAma che tenuM prAcIna nAma staMbhedadhi che. tyAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa ? 209 karyo.45 baMgALI upasAgara upara asura saMskRti arabI samudra uparathI gaI. A saMskRti kALe karIne malAyAnA TApuo sudhI prasarI.55 balinuM sthAna jAvA pAse gayuM.51 kaMboja hiMdanI pazcimethI chavadezanI dakSiNapazcime gayuM.57 khaMbhAtanA akhAta uparanuM tAmralima baMgALanA upasAgara upara gayuM.58 asure ane zivapUjA A asura saMskRtinA pracAranI eka mukhya bInA te ziva ane skaMdanI pUjA ane teno vistAra. devIpUjA paNa AmAM gaNI zakAya. travedamAM dra che jemAMthI aitihAsika zivanuM svarUpa thayuM ema manAya che. e mULa agni uparathI thavAnuM paNa manAya che.59 liMgapUjA anAryonI hatI, vedamAM enI niMdA che ema paNa kahe che. 60 e liMgapUjA dAsalokonI hatI ema eka mata che. pAchaLathI je mizraNa thayuM temAM vaidika dra ane anAryonI liMgapUjA mizra hiMdu samAjanI paurANika zivapUjA sAthe maLI gaI.11 : Ama hovA chatAM sarvedane rudra e Aryone deva nathI, paNa asurono deva che. vedamAM nIdelI liMgapUjA e dAsalonI hatI ke asurenI e spaSTa thatuM nathI. paraMtu liMgAkAra vastuonI pUjA pazcima agara vAtApI rAkSasane pacAvyo ema kahe che. maitama ane kavanAM nAma paNa tyAM kAverI taTe batAve che. agatyatAmIla ane kava telugu bhASAnA kartA gaNAya che. tyAM harihara gAmamAM guhAsura, citala durgamAM hiDibAsura, ane cAmuMDInI TekarI mAM mahiSAsuranuM sthAna kahe che. parazurAme dariyo haThAvI tyAM sAta kaMkaNa, karATa-virATa-mahArATa, kAMkaNa, haMga, tulaya, kerala -banAvyAM. tyAM serAba (Sorab) tAluke che tene jamadagninI surabhinuM sthAna kahe che. surabhinuM serAba thaI gayuM. caMdraguTTI pAse reNukAnuM maMdira.kelAhalammA kAlAra) pAse kArtavIrya arjunane parazurAme mAryo. 'hIrayugalapuramAM parazunuM maMdira enuM prAcIna nAma bhArgavapurI. e gAmamAM janmejaye sarpayajJa karyo ema kahI tyAM yu. se. 89 (I. pU. 3012)no lekha batAvI brAhmaNone dAna maLyAnuM kahe che. mahesura gejheTIarane lekhaka pote ja e lekha banAvaTI dhAre che. A badhI vigata uparathI jaNAze ke paraMparAo gUjarAta bAjuthI kevI rIte mahesura bAju gaI che, ane tene kevAM rUpa maLe che. A paraMparAo mahesurathI gujarAtamAM AvI ema kaI kahe to te AkhA itihAsathI avaLuM che. 54 A bAbata sararavatInA pravAhanA lekhamAM ullekha karyA che. DaeN. ku. AyaMgaranA S. Indian Culture pU. 18 juo. papa Asura in India: P. 33. pa6 jAvA pAse bali nAmane TApu jyAM hida bahAra hiMdu dharmanI Aje eka ja jagyA gaNAya che. pa7 kepeDI. 46 Asura in India: P. 121-123. Pre-Aryan Pre-Dravidian Maritime people of India i bAbata lakhatAM lakhe cheH "This Pre-Aryan Pre-Dravidian Civilization extands at least from Kamboja in the North west is Cambodge in Indo China, from Tamluk in the gulf of Cambay to Tamluk in the gulf of Bengal." tAluka tAmralipinuM prAkRta nAma che. pro. benarajI WebernA Ind. Stud. ne AdhAre lakhe che. khaMbhAtanuM tAmralipi nAma bIjA svataMtra AdhArathI AgaLa ApaNe siddha thayuM te joyuM che. 59 Bhandarker's Shaivizmdhu. ke. zAsanakRta zaiva saMpradAya. 60 eja juo. vedamAM zikSadevAH ne dUra rAkhavA IMdrane prArtha che. (kada). 61 Asura in India P. 14, 17. , ziva ne liMgapUjA bhegI thaI gayAnA bIjA paNa ghaNA purAvA che. caMdra ane saranA deva che te mATe pR. 15mAM carcA karI che. rudrane bheSaja kahe che ane zreSajya e asuranI vidyA hatI. A vaidakathI ajJAna hatA. vaidaka, sthApatya, tiSa vagere asuronI vidyAone asaramAyA kahetA. aveda 2-33-7mAM ane jalAza kahe che te jalasaMbaMdhI bhaiSajyane lagatuM ema pro. benarajI mAne che. ekaMdare ane saMbaMdha jala sAthe che tene e vizeSa purAvo che. 62 avedamAM zikSadevAH ziznapajanI nidA che te ApeMtara varSanI che. dAsonI che ema je manAya che te mATe AdhAra nathI, For Private and Personal Use Only

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210 pariziSTa huM eziyAnA dezothI hiMdustAna sudhI sarvavyApI hatI e te spaSTa jaNAya che. mohana-jo-DeronAM khaMDeromAMthI pazupati zivanI agara jemAMthI etihAsika zivapUjA nIkaLI evA tadrupa devanI mUrtio ane zikSa AkAranAM ligo banne nIkaLelAM che. 13 e sthaLe asure ane dAsa rahetA hoya ane bannenI bhinna pUjAnI vastuo hoya e jema zakya che tema asuronI koI jAti liMgapUjA paNa karatI hoya e paNa zakya che. paurANika paraMparA pramANe asure zivapUjaka che. nAgaloko je asurane eka bhAga che teo Adiliga hATakezvaranA pUjake che. 24 eTale ziva ane liMga banne pUjA kadAca asuremAM paNa hoya. pAzupata saMpradAya I.sa. nI zarUAta pahelAM utpanna thayAnuM manAya che. 65 mohana-jo-DerInAM avazeSomAM je trimUrti,66 zivanI mUrti ane liMgo nIkaLyAM che e ziva ane liMganI pUjAo eTalA jUnA samayamAM hovAnuM siddha kare che. zivanI mUrti AsapAsa pazuo rAkhelAM che tethI pazupati nAmanuM sUcana kare che. vaLI e mUrtinI keDe eka cipha che te je kaMdorAno cheDe na hoya to Urdhva medra hovAnuM manAya che. 27 A badhuM e samaye ziva ane liMgapUjA aitihAsika ziva jevI nahotI ema mAnIe to paNa e pUjA o jemAMthI nIkaLI enAM pUrvasvarUpa jevI hatI eTaluM to cokkasa che. pAzupata mata zarU thayAno je samaya kahIe chIe te lakulIzAcAryanA samayane AdhAre kahIe chIe. paraMtu paurANika paraMparA pramANe lakulIza pAzupatAcArya to zivanA chellA avatArarUpa chevaTanA AcArya gaNAtA hatA. e pahelAM ghaNuM AcAryo thayAnuM jaNAveluM che.18 to pachI pAzupata mata agara to e matanA pUrvAvatArarUpa mata che. benarajI paNa ema ja mAne che. ziznapUjake bAMdhelA killA-zaheramAM rahetA ema paNa vedanA e ullekha uparathI samajAya che. rudra-ziva asuranA khAsa deva che ema purANa vagere uparathI siddha thayA pachI, ane kuMbhanI atharvavedanI bhAvanA spaSTa thayA pachI asaranI koI jAti liMgapUjaka kema na hoya? nAgaloke liMgapUjaka hatA ema mAnavAne kAraNa che ane mehenajo-DeremAMthI lige nIkaLyAM che. pazcima eziyAmAM ziznapUjAmAMthI uddabhavelI staMbha pUjA vagerenI carcA karelI che. kaM. pu. kau.39mAM pAtALamAM de, nAgo rahevA chatAM hATakanA liganA pUjaka nAgane kahyA che. 63 juo mArzalanA mahena-jo-DeronA graMthanA pahelA bhAganuM dharma uparanuM prakaraNa ane tene lagatAM citro. 64 skaMdapurANano A bAbatano ullekha pAtAlanA lekhamAM Ape che. 2. mAnazaMkarabhAIe nAgarotpattinA lekhamAM A bAbatanA ullekha karelA che. 65 Bhandarker's Shaivizm (auvAjhama). 66 A trimUrti te brahmA, viSNu ane zivanI trimUrti nahi. e pAchaLane khyAla che. pahelAM zivane traNa mAthAM karatA. evI | zivamUrtionA ullekha DaoN. gopInAtha rAvanA Elements of Hindu Iconography mAM ApelA che. Abu pAse, devAMgaNamAM evI trimUrtinuM maMdira che. 67 Marshalle Mohenjo Daro & lndus: P. 51. emAM e mUrtinuM badhuM varNana ApeluM che. 68 ke. pu. kau. khaM. a. 40. AmAM zaivayogIonAM nAma kahyAM che. chellA lakulIza kAyAvarohaNamAM thaze ema kahyuM che. ahIM khaMbhAtanA gupta kSetrane mATe ddhakSetra zabda vAparyo che te khAsa noMdhavA jevuM che. kAyAvarohaNa narmadAtIre che. tyAM liMgapUjAnA khAsa pracArane lIdhe narmadAnA kaMkara eTalA pAMkara gaNAya che. juo rakaM. pu. kedArakhaMDa a. 31. lo. 103. ahIM narmadAnA kaMkara zaMkara tulya ema kahe che ne AgalA lo. 102mAM badhAM liMgamAM bANaliMga uttama ema kahe che. rakaMdanuM e vacana che. atharvaveda 4-6-4mAM aparakaMbha nAmane zabda vApare che eno artha jude jude karelo che. e kharo artha lupta thayAnuM sUcave che. lumaphIlDa ene artha bANa (arrow) kare che. (Vedic Index) ene cheDe viSa che ema kaheluM che. A zivaliganuM kAI svarUpa heya ? ane ene salilamAM UbhelA hiraNyavetasa rUMbha guhya prajApati sAthe saMbaMdha haze? khetaramAM maryAdAcinha bANa kare che te kSetrapAla, kSetrapAlane ziva sAthe saMbaMdha, ane ligane bANa kahe che te e badhAMne kAMI saMbaMdha hoya For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa rU 211 vedakALa sudhIno jUne hato ema A uparathI jaNAya che; ane asuromAM e pUjA haze ema paNa samajAya che. narmadA kinAre lakulIza pAzupatAcAryanuM sthAna, gujarAtane kinAre pAzupatanA joravALo, ane siMdhu nadI upara A vastuo nIkaLI e badhuM ghaNuM sUcaka che. asure nAgo vagere lokonuM raheThANuM ane zivapUjAnuM AdyasthAna hidano A pazcima kinAro hato ema lAgyA vagara rahetuM nathI. zivane saMbaMdha parvata sAthe pAchaLathI thaelo che paraMtu mULa saMbaMdha jaLa sAthe che e bhUlavuM joIe nahi.69 asure ane rakaMdapUjA zivaputra suda-kArtikeya e hiMdu devomAM bahu guMcavaNavALI vyakti che. enA janma mATe purANomAM je vAto ApI che tenA virodho jotAM chatAM eno ziva sAthe kAMIka saMbaMdha che eTaluM to vyakta thAya che. paraMtu enI jAti mATe ane kula mATe kAMI nizcaya na hovAthI ene zivaputra kahyo jaNAya che. zivapArvati, agni, gaMgA ane kRttikAo; e cArena e putra gaNAya che.70 ene avatAra tArakAsurane mAravA mATe thaye che.71 ene lagatI paurANika paraMparAo ene sarasvatInA taTapradezamAM mUke che.72 purANomAM moTAmAM moTuM skaMdapurANuM enA nAma sAthe joDAyuM che. emAM mAhezvara dhameno pracAra aMde karyo ema lakhe che.73 sAta divasanA bALake devasenAnuM Adhipatya laine mahIsAgara-khaMbhAta-AgaLa tArakAsurane to koI vidvAna prakAza nAkhaze. AvaliMga hATakezvara ane liMgapUjAnI bAbata vadhu bhagavatI vALA pariziSTamAM juo. 69 pAtAlanA lekhamAM zivanAM jaLane lagatAM nAme jue. jalAza zabda paNa e sUcave che. ahibudanya rudranuM eka nAma che te veda pramANe jala sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. zivane parvata sAthe saMbaMdha hovAnuM kAMI jaLyuM nathI ema mahena-jo-DerenA lekhaka pR. pa6mAM lakhe che. gujarAta kADIAvADane kinAre vedakAlamAM asureno nivAsa ane Aryetara pUjAo ane pAchaLathI pazupatono nivAsa (porANika samayamAM) eTale dharmazAstroe e bAjI javAmAM prAyazcitta ApyuM. sarasavatI brahmAvartimAMthI e bAju AvI eTale niSAda derAmAM javAthI nAza pAmI. zudra AbhIranA pratidezathI nAza pAmI ema mahAbhArata (zalyaparva)mAM kahyuM che. zuddha AbhIra dezo Anarta rASTranA sAMnidhyamAM varAhamihire kahelA che. 70 Elements of Hindu Iconography Vol. II. Part II. PP. 415-21. emAM purANene AdhAre kaMdanA mAtApitA koNa e carcA karelI che. ane DaeN. gopInAtharAva e nirNaya upara AvyA che ke kaMdanI jAti mATe guMcavaNa UbhI thaI che. "Thus then it will be seen a sort of confusion arose about the real parentage of 'Skanda." (pR. 420). ilorAnI guphAomAM rAmezvaranA maMdiramAM zivanAM pArvatI sAthe lagna thatA dekhAvanI "kalyANasuMdara' mUrti' (tAmIlamAM kalyANama eTale lagna) nuM zilpa kotareluM che. emAM ziva pArvatI sAthe lagna kare che te vakhate sAthe gaNeza ane kArtikeya paNa UbhA che! U. gopInAtharAva (e ja. Vol. I. Part . P. 350) ema mAne che ke A be deve paNa anAdi kALathI hatA ane pAchaLathI zivapArvatInA putro kahevAyA. 71 ke. pu. kau. khaMDanA ullekha joyA. bIjA badhA pirANika ullekhe e vAta kahe che te joyuM. skaMdanuM eka nAma ja tArakAri che ane pratibhAvidhAna pramANe e svarUpanI bhinna mUrti jAya che. 72 ke. pu. kau. khU. a. 47. puro vidvAna puSe sArate sTe | bhUtapretaparAvanImadhirAmivizveta |8| sa sarvALi mUtane maryAdA vadhAraya // A ullekha skaMdana sarasavatI taTa sAthe saMbaMdha joDavA uparAMta sarasavatI taTe bhUtapizAca vagerenI vastI ane ene rakaMda rAjA ema batAve che. bhUtapizAca te asuro pAchaLanA brAhmaNoe nAdelA ane DemonsnA arthamAM gaNAyA te levAnA che. mahAbhArata zalyaparva paNa kaMdane sarasvatI taTa sAthe saMbaMdha joDe che. 73 kaMdapurANa. vyaMkaTeza presa AvRttimAM prastAvanAmAM bRhajAradIya purANane utAre. "catra mArA dharmA: gobhupena For Private and Personal Use Only

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212 pariziSTa huM mA e AkhI kathAnA paDa nIce mizraNa thatA pahelAMnA ane saMkrAMtikALanA ziva asure ane vaidika AryonA yuddhanI aitihAsika tavavALI kathA DhaMkAelI lAge che. aMdane zivabhakta tArakane mAryAno pastAvo thAya che.74 skaMda aitihAsika manuSya hoya ane vIra pUjAya che tema pUjAto hoya ke pachI IMdrAdinI peThe deva ja hoya ane ene nAme yuddha laDhAyuM hoya e kahevuM muzkela che. paraMtu e game te hoya chatAM pitAnI bhUmimAMthI asure ane nAgenI sAthe ene dakSiNamAM javuM paDayuM, ane Aje uttara hida ke gujarAtamAM ene kaI pUjatuM nathI. ene kumAra dhAre che strI enuM darzana karI zakatI nathI. jayAre dakSiNamAM e mukhya deva tarIke pUjAya che ane enuM mAna enA pitA ziva karatAM paNa vadhAre che; ene kuMvAre rAkhavAne badale be strIo paraNAve che, ane strIo darzana karI zake che. eka ja devA mATe rivAjano ATalo badho phera kema ?75 drAviDa dezamAM enAM anArya nAmo paNa che.76 paraMtu navAI jevuM to e che ke ene nAgapUjA sAthe joDe che, ane enuM subramaNya nAma nAganuM nAma paNa kahe che.77 A sAthe subramaNya sahastranAmamAM ApelAM jhawifpatA: || prabhAsakhaMDa dvArakA mAhAtmyamAM paNa skaMdapurANa AkhuM rakaMda brahmaputra bhaMgune kahyuM, bhRgue aMgirasane kahyuM, eNe yavanane kahyuM, eNe cIkane kahyuM ema paraMparAthI prApta thayuM. A vacanamAM aitihAsika kAMI nathI, rakaMda aitihAsika vyakti hoya ke deva hoya topaNa te bhagucyavana jeTalI prAcIna vyakti nathI, paraMtu purANakAra ene deva gaNI je kavioe e paraMparA prApta karI temAM bhegu Adi AgaLa elA ApaNe prAMta sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA RSionAM nAma gaNAve che e mAtra sUcaka che. ane mAhezvara dharmanA pracAra kayAMthI thaye te sUcave che. 4 jAo 4 5. ko. khaMDa a. 3ra ane 33. eka vakhata te zivabhakta jANI kaMde tArakane mAryo nahi. pachI viSNunA kahevAthI mAryo tyAre pastAvo thaze. tenI zAMti mATe liga sthApyAM. kedArakhaMDa a. 29 . 76mAM te tArakAsura devane kahe che ke "tame A kumArane mArI sAme zA mATe gharyo che?" e batAve che ke kumArane senApati banAvavAmAM kAMIka bheda che je khule tyAre samajAya. ema kahevAya che ke humAyUnA enA bhAIo sAthenA yuddhamAM nAne akabara enA kAkAnA hAthamAM hovAthI ene keTa upara besADaze jethI humAyUnA lazkaranAM tIra baMdUke akabarane vAgavAnA bhayathI yuddha upara asara thAya. A dAkhalAthI ahIM avaLuM hoya. Aryetara jAtinA koI bahu lAgavagavALA kuTuMbanA bALakane Aye pitAnA zatruonI sAme dharIne laDhavA AvyA hoya ema bane. paraMtu A anumAnane uparane kedArakhaMDanA saMdigdha vAkaya sivAya bIjo Teke nathI. 75 gUjarAtamAM taibhAgyavatI strI kaMdanA maMdiramAM jaI zakatI nathI. baMgALamAM halakI strIo ene pUje che ema DaeN. gopInAtharAva kahe che. gujarAtanI kathAomAM rakaMdane kuMvAro mAne che ane gaNezane be strIo mAne che. drAviDa dezamAM gaNeza kuMvArI ane skaMdane be strIo che. A devasenA ane daityasenA ema manAya che te rUpaka mAtra che. drAviDa vallI nAmanI anArya strI sAthe paNa ene saMbaMdha joDe che ane vallIkalyANasuMdara enuM nAma kahe che. dezika subramaNya nAmanuM kaMdanuM svarUpa zivane paNa skaMda bedha de che tenuM che. madrAsa ilAkAmAM kaMdane meTo mahimA che ane enAM moTAM svayaMpradhAna maMdiro che.enA varaghoDA ane strIo sAthe nIkaLe che. 76 muragana-mallI-vallIkalyANasuMdarama vagere enAM anArya nAme che. Arya nAme kaMda, kArtikeya, guha, mukha, agnibhU, tArakAri, kumAra, pArvatIsuta vagere che. 77 Vogel: Indian Serpent Lore: P. 272 dakSiNa kanADA prAMtamAM pazcima ghATanA eka zikhara upara nAganuM maMdira che. tenuM nAma subramaNya che. subramaNya zabdano artha serpent-king nAgarAja ema karela che. parvatanuM nAma puSagiri ane tenI taLeTImAM gAma che tenuM nAma paNa tIrtha uparathI subramaNya che. e kaMdanAM nAmomAMnuM eka che. ane drAviDa dezamAM kaMda moTebhAge e nAme ja oLakhAya che. A sAthe kuMdanA nAmamAM je sarSa-nAgane lagatAM nAmo che te sarakhAvavAM. vaLI DaeN. gopInAtharAva emanA pratibhAvidhAnanA graMthamAM kuMdanA svayaMpradhAna maMdiramAM karavAnI parivAra devatAonI mUrtienI yAdI kumArataMtranA AdhAre Ape che. parivAradevatA 8, 12, 16, 32 ema kare che. temAM nIcenAM nAma noMdhavA For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa huM 213 aMdanAM nAmomAM bhogIzvara, bhagina, bhagavata, mahoraga, sarparAja, uragezvara, pannaga, vagere nAmo khAsa noMdhavA jevA che. zivano nAga sAthe saMbaMdha jANIto che. paNa zivanAM nAmomAM A skaMdanA A nAma te jANe e nAgajAtine kaI vIra hoya tevAM ja che. tArakAsurane mAryAnuM ene nAme prasiddha thayuM e bheda to khule tyAre samajAya, paraMtu emAM bheda che te eTaluM to samajAya che. ane dhArmika yuddhanI koI vicitra guMcavAelI paraMparA gujarAtanA kinArethI dakSiNamAM gaI ema spaSTa thAya che. khaMbhAta AgaLa tArakAsuravadha kaMde karyo. e sthaLanuM nAma kumArikAkSetra, dakSiNamAM hiMdustAnane cheka cheDe kumArikAnuM sthAna ane prasiddha maMdira. kanyAkumArikAnA e sthaLanI taddana pAse tIrUcetUramAM kaMdanuM moTuM dhAma; ane tyAM samudra kinAre mahendrapura gAma-je dariyAmAM lupta thayuM che ema manAya chetyAM AgaLa aMde tArakAsurane mAryo evI kathA dakSiNamAM cAle che.78 baMne jagyAe tArakAsurane mAryAnI jagyA guma athavA lupta thaI che ema kahe che. A badhuM hiMdustAnamAM jAtio mizraNa pachI ApeMtara jAtio sarasvatInA kinArA choDI nAThI ane vicitra rIte mizraNa thaelA rivAjo ane pUjAo sAthe letI gaI ema batAve che. hiMdustAnanA ItihAsamAM aneka kAraNone lIdhe aneka bhramaNayugo AvyA che. emAMnA ghaNAkharA bhramaNayugamAM gUjarAtanA kinArAe agatyano bhAga bhajave che ema mAnyA vagara cAle tema nathI.79 jevAM che - kSendra, rAkSasendra, pizAca, bhUtarA, gaMdharva, kinnara, deyanAyaka, dAnavAdhipa. bIjI yAdImAM -sUrya, zAsta, cama, saMkhamAtRkA, vaNa, agatya, nArada, durgA vagere che. trIjI yAdImAM:-hAthI, brahA, agatya, nArada, vagere 16 che. cothI yAdImAM uparanA uparAMta 32 karavA mATe vAsuki, aSTAvakra, bhUMgI (bhUga ?) dakSa, zukra, bhU vagere umere che. skaMdanA A parivAradevatAo ene asura-daitya dAna; nAga vagere sAthe saMbaMdha vyakta kare che ane temAM agatya ane nAradanAM nAma naMdhavA jevAM che. nArada ane agatyane gujarAtanA kinArA sAthe saMbaMdha AgaLa ja che. kaMdanA parivAra devatAnAM nAmamAM daityanAyaka dAnevA dhipa vagere nAme e jAtine zatru nahi paNa temane nAyaka temane adhipati sUcave che upara sarasvatI taTe bhUta pizAcanA rAjyane adhipati tene kahyo te paNa sUcaka che. A jAtinA loka dakSiNamAM jaI pitAnA vIranI pUjA sAthe laI gayA ane uttaramAM te pUjA lupta thaI. DI. gopInAtharAva AgaLa purANane AdhAre sUrya pUjAnuM tatva paNa skaMdapUnamAM AvI gayuM che ema lakhe che ane kaMdanI tAmIla dezamAM thatI pUjAnI stutione dAkhalo TAMke che. kaMdanA kArapAlo tarIke rAjJa e sUrya che ane saiza e ziva che ema kahe che. dakSiNamAM sUryapUjA svataMtra rIte nathI. gUjarAtamAM pahelAM bahu hatI ane hAla paNa kaI kaI sthaLe che. eTale skedanI sAthe A pUjA dakSiNamAM jai mizraNa thaI gayuM hoya ema saMbhave. 78 kuMdanAM parAkramane lagatI dakSiNamAM AkhI ye paraMparA rakaMdapurANanA kaimArikAkhaMDa karatAM judI che. drAviDene kahIe chIe ke skaMde tArakAsurane gUjarAtamAM khaMbhAta AgaLa mAryo ema kaMdapurANamAM lakhyuM che te e ke AzcaryathI cakita thaI jAya che. 79 zaiva-pAzupatene pracAra gUjarAtanA kinArA upara thayo e joyuM. kaMde e dharmanA pracAramAM koI kALe koI jAtane bhAga lIdhe haze ema samajAya che. A badhuM dakSiNamAM gayuM. dharmazAstra je samayamAM racAyAM te samaye A bhramaNa ane vaidike tathA zaivonI mArAmArIo cAlatI hovI joIe. eTale ja sarasvatI jyAM nAza thaI te zadra AbhAra niSAda Adi ane pAchaLathI siMdhu vIra saurASTranA tathA tirvAsanA e vagere dezamAM janArane pharI sarakAra karavo ema zAstravacana che. brAhmaNe suddhAM vaidika dharma choDI zaiva dharmamAM gayA, dakSe karelI zivanI niMdA, zivane yajJabhAga na maLatA vagere kathAo vaidike ane pAzupatanA jhagaDA vyakta kare che. enuM savistara varNana De. gopInAtharAvanA graMthamAM bhA. 2. graMtha 1lA ma pR. 50thI 55mAM jevuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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214 pariziSTa rU asuraiza ane devIpUjA ahIM asurAnI eka bIjI pUjA-devIputra-mATe kahyA vagara cAle tema nathI. vaidika AryoMmAM devIpUnanuM sthAna bahu gauNa che. AryAM asurA ane devIpUjane viSaya bahu vistArathI carcavA jevA che paraMtu tene ahIM sthAna nathI. devIpUjA mULathI AryaMtara varNanI che. Arya janasamAja mULathI pitRpradhAna che. - Patriarchal--asura janasamAja mULathI mAtRpradhAna che,--Matriarchal-eTale asuramAM puruSadeve karatAM srIdevInuM mahattva vadhAre che.80 pazcima eziyAthI pazcima hiMdu sudhInI prAcIna saMskRtimAM AvelI pUnanuM mahattva siddha thaeluM che.81 eTale hAla zaktisaMpradAya ane devIpUjA je rIte cAle che tenuM mULa svarUpa asura lokAnI prAcIna devIpUjAmAM hoya ema samanvaya che.82 A rIte zvetAM caMDIe daityone mAryAM e vAta tArakane skaMde mAryAM eTalI ja vicitra lAge che. jAtionA mizraNa pachI ja A vAta utpanna thaelI jaNAya che; ane vistAranA bhayathI e carcA ahIM thaI zake tema nathI.83 devIpUnanuM 80 Asura in India. P. P. 101thI 135 preo. benarajI zAsrIe A bAbata bahu vistArathI ane mananayeAgya carcA karI che. A lekhamAM e lAMbI carcAne sthAna nathI. AkhI ye carcA bahu rasamaya che. vaidika devIe asurAnI ane pazcima eziyAnI devIe sAthe sAmya, vagere carcA paNa karI che. 81 Marshall Mohanjo Daro. Vol. I. chapter on Religion. 82 e ja I. P. 57. dharma uparanuM prakaraNa jue. mehena-jo-DerAnI mahAra chApe! ukelavAne keTalAka prayatna thayA che. emAM saMteASakAraka kayA prayatna te teA bhaviSya kaheze. I. sa. 1932nA Indian His. Qur. mAM zrIyuta OMnA. prANanAthe e lipi ukelavA navA prayatna karyAM che. tenA bIjo bhAga jovA jeve che. emAM ziva ane devapUjA viSe ullekhA che. e tapAsavAnuM A sthAna nathI, e lipimAM e lekhakane gaiArIza, nAgeza, nageza, zizna, hI, kalI, zrI. vagere besADayu che ane sumeriyana devadevI upara paNa lakheluM che. tAMtrikapUjAe upara paNa prakAA nAkhyA che. mehena-jo-DerAnA lekhakA gUjarAta ane drAviDa dezanI devIpUjananuM mULa siMdhunI saMskRtinI devIpUjAmAM jue che. A pUjAe pAchaLanI zAkatAnI pUtaethI judI che, paraMtu zAkAnI pUjAnuM mULa emAM hAya. AvI grAmadevatAe gUjarAta ane dakSiNamAM dhaNI che,ane e badhI AryaMtara che. kuTuMba kuTuMba ane gAma gAmanI judI devIe che. gujarAtamAM AvI devIonAM maMdira ghaNAM che. temanAM nAme AryabhASAnAM nathI paNa anArya mULa sUcave che. skaMdapurANamAM kAmArikAkhaMDamAM kumArikAkSetra athavA staMbhatIrthanI AsapAsa evI devIonAM nAmeA ApyAM che. a, 47mAM guhe. (kaMda) siddhAMbikAe thApI ane nArade dakSiNamAM tArA sthApI, bhAskarA, ceAganaMdinInAM nAme ApelAM che, te pachI nArade navadurgA thApyAnuM lakhe che. emAM tripurA ane kAlaMbAnuM nAma che. kapAledharI suvarNAkSInAM nAma paNa che. (a. 62) vaTayakSiNI-vasUcInI utpatti paNa tyAM kahelI che. nArade sthApelI kula cAda siddhAMkhikAe lakhI che. . 65mAM leAhANAmya kelezvarI, vatsarAjanA nAma uparathI vatsedharI; A vatsedharI aTTAlaja grAma pAse vatsarAja aTTAlayA nAmanI rAkSasIne mAraze tyAM che. A gAma te hAlanuM aDAlaja kahevAya che. eTale ahIM kAmArikAkSetranI hada aDAlaja sudhI lIdhI. AgaLa mahIsAgaranI pAse dharmAraNyakSetramAM e sthaLa che ema lakhyuM che ethI aDAlaja siddha thAya che. gaya nAmanA daityane mAravAthI gaya trADezvarI thaze. A gatrADa gAma amadAvAda pAse che tyAM che. ahIM daityane mAravAnI vAta rivAja pramANe purANakAre nAkhI che. bAkI A badhI grAma devatAe che. hAla kheADiyAra, visata vagere ghaNI mAtAe gujarAtamAM Aryetara mULa ravarUpamAM devIpUjAnuM sUcana kare che. drAviDa dezamAM AnuM ghaNuM sAmya che. paraMtu hiMdanA bIjA prAMtAmAM nathI. bIjA prAMtAmAM pAchaLathI thaelI zAsrAkta devIe pUjAya che. je gujarAtamAM paNa che. preA. benarajI teA kAlI, durgA vagere paNa asuranA saMbaMdhanI gaNe che. paraMtu mAhena-jo-Dere nA lekhako e devIethI A grAmadevatAone judI pADe che. 83 prA. benarajI lakhe che ke strIsanmAnanI bhAvanA AryAmAM nahAtI paNa asuramAM hatI. kAraNa asurajanasamAja mAtR For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa huM 215 kendra Aje baMgALamAM che. paNa je Aryetara jAtionI devIpUjA hatI tenA mULa svarUpanAM cinha to hAla gujarAta ane pazcima hiMdane kinAre drAviDa deza ane malabAra bAju ja che.84 asure ane arjara jAti gujarAtamAM A carcA pUrI karatAM pahelAM eka bIjI vAta kahI devI paDe tema che. e ApaNA prAMtanA keTalAka bhAgamAM cAlatI baLIA devanI pUjA ane bAdhA. aMdapurANamAM A pUjAnI utpatti mahIsAgara saMgame thaI ema kahe che. bhImasena pAMDavanA putra ghaTeca haiDio je pra tiSa puranI kAmakarTakaTA nAmanI rAkSasIne paraNyo hato teno putra barbarika thayA.85 e mahA parAkramI thayo ane mahAbhArata yuddha pachI zrIkRSNanA vacanathI bALakonA roga mATe enuM mastaka pUjAya che evI kathA che.86 ApaNA loko baLI A thAya che tyAre baLIA devanI bAdhA rAkhe che. baLI thAya tyAre sAmAnya rIte hiMdustAnanA dareka prAMtamAM zItalAnI bAdhA 2khAya che. phakta gujarAtanA amuka bhAgamAM ja A rIte puruSadeva-baLIA pUjAya che. A barbarika e paNa Atara varNanA ke IvIra puruSanI pUjA hoya ane ene pAMDavo sAthe saMbaMdha joDI devAyo hoya ema samajAya che. paNa te hiMba hovAthI asuranA saMbaMdhano te khare ja. kAThIAvADamAM - bAbarIAvADa ji9lo, bAbarA gAma vagerene A barnara jAti sAthe saMbaMdha che.87 e jAtinA koI pradhAna hatA. A bAbatanA emaNe ApelA dAkhalA laMbANanA bhayathI nahi joIe. paraMtu eka vAta nedhavA jevI che. rAvaNane kavie kharAba cItaryo che. paraMtu sItA ane rAmamAM daivI aMza itihAsanI khAtara bAjue rAkhI jatAM zuM jaNAya che ? rAvaNa aitihAsika vyakti che. e bahu baLavAna rAkSasa kuLane rAjA hato. e dhArata to sItAjIne aMta:puramAM mokalI zakata. paNa tema na karatAM azokavADImAM rAkhI. yuddha thayuM to paNa sItAnI icchA viruddha kaI jAtane julma karyo nathI. e rAvaNane mATe ochuM vakhANavAlAyaka nathI. Arya rAmacaMdra lokApavAdanA bhayanA bahAne pavitra sItAjIne vanamAM mekakSyAM! pachI kavi e bAbata bacAva game tema kare. mizraNa pachI AryonuM jora thatAM hiMdustAnamAM strI samAja dabAI gayo. gujarAtamAMthI dakSiNa ane malabAramAM e samAja gayo tyAM strIonI sthiti kAMI judI rahI che. 84 A asura mAtRpradhAna janasamAjanAM cinho dakSiNa ane malabAramAM che. malabAramAM to vArase paNa chokarInA vaMzamAM jAya che. e mATe tyAM marUmukakuyama nAmane kAyade paNa che. mAmAne vAraso bhANejane maLe che, rAjAnI rANI te tenI bahena. tenA putrane rAjya maLe. ane banevI te mAtra bahenane pariNIta svAmI. rAja tene bhAI. rAjAnA putrane mAtra enA mAmAnI jamIna bhogavavAnI. asuromAM bhAIbahenomAM lagna thatAM enuM A cinha che. e mATe asuralagnonI carcA che. benarajIe karelI che. dakSiNamAM mAmAnI karIne koIne cheka hakathI paraNe che te paNa A rivAjanuM cinha che. AryonA saMsargathI mULa rivAjamAM hAla che te kera thayA. malabAramAM lamabaMdhana zithila che. strI ja mukhya vyakti che. eka patnIne kAyadA pramANe bahu pati karavA e asurarivAja hato. draupadIne pAcane paraNAvavA mATe e prAcIna kaTuMbika rivAja yudhiSThirane yAda hatuM e mahAbhAratamAM loka che. Aje e rivAja himAlayanA keTalA bhAga ane malabAra tathA ToDA lokamAM che. 85 ka. 5. ke. khaMDa. mAM A kathA a. 5thI 66mAM ApelI che. 86 kuM. pu.ke. khaMDa. a. 66. 87 padmapurANa uttara khaMDa. a. 101mAM rAhu ziva pAse jAya che evA varNananA prasaMgamAM lo. 35mAM lakhe che ke rAhurvimu vartana sausctat varvara tha | ata:savarabhUta ti muauprathaiAtA: | enI anukramaNikAmAM rA drAvakathana ema lakhyuM che. A barbara deza varAhamihira bRhatsaMhitAmAM hiMdanI nai ye lakhe che. barbarikanuM mAthuM zrI kRSNanA vacanathI pUjAya che te Aje baLI AkAkAnuM mAthuM pUjAya che tethI samajAya che. rAhunuM paNa ekaluM mAryuM che ema kahevAya che. barbara dezanA sAhacaryathI rAhu ane barbarika sAthe koI saMbaMdha haze ke kema te kahevuM muzkela che. kAThIA vai For Private and Personal Use Only

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216 pariziSTa vIra puruSe gujarAtanA kinArA upara khaMbhAtanA sthaLe kAMI parAkrama karyuM haze tethI enI pUjA zarU thaI hoya. e jAtie pachI kAThIAvADamAM vAsa karyo ema jaNAya che. pazcima hiMdanA A taraphanA kAMThe babaranuM thANu I. sa.nI zarUAtathI hatuM ema grIka u9lethI jaNAya che.88 barbara Aryatara jAtinA hatA e to spaSTa che. emanA sthAnane lIdhe asura jAtinA paNa hoya. barbarika-baLIA devanI pUjA phakta gujarAtamAM che e sUcaka che. purANe barbarikane devI ane zivapUjaka kahe che. A badhI carcA uparathI eTaluM jaNAze ke prAcIna samayamAM gujarAta kAThIAvADathI siMdha sudhIne kinAro asura jAtionA tAbAmAM hato; ane zivapUjA-liMgapUjA-devIpUjA-aMdapUjA-e badhI pUjAonI cokkasa janmabhUmi game te jagyA hoya paNa asure dvArA ene phelAvo pazcima hiMdanA A kinArA uparathI hiMdanA bIjA bhAgomAM thayo.89 vADamAM bAbarIA lake eka vakhata baLavAna hatA. barbarane chellA vaza karavAmAM siddharAja jayaMsahanuM nAma prasiddha che, e vAta lokakathAmAM bAbarAbhUtane nAme jANItI che. bAbarA gAma kaDIAvADa gejhaTIara pramANe arjunaputra babruvAhananuM gaNAya che. e mAtra avAja sAdrazyathI thayuM haze. baLadevanI pUja-barbarika-rAhu vagerene keTalo ne ke saMbaMdha haze te spaSTa kahevuM muzkela che. 88 semI ane pirIplasa barbarI ane berIkAna kahe che ane ene sidhu mukha pAsa mUke che. barbara deza paMjAbanI IzAne ane kekaNanI uttare paNa koI mUke che. bRhatsaMhitA naiye mUke che. Bom. Gaz. I. Part I. P. 174-15mAM haiM, bularanI lAMbI neMdha ApelI che. temAM paNa A mATe carcA karelI che. game tema paNa barbara deza game tyAM mUkAte hoya chatAM Aje to kAThIAvADamAM bAbarIAvADamAM e nAma jaLavAI rahyuM che. hiMdI barbarene AphrikAnA barbare sAthe saMbaMdha haze ke nahi e kahI zakAya nahi. barbarene rAkSasa-oNcha jAtinA siddharAjanA samayamAM mAnelA che. Bom.Gaz. IX.Gujarat Hindu Population. P. 266. bAbarIAne saMbaMdha AhIra sAthe che. 89 keTalAka ema mAne che ke prAcIna kALamAM gUjarAtanuM ThAmaThekANuM nahatuM. paraMtu e bhrama che. gujarAta nAma game tyAre paDavuM hoya paraMtu bIje nAme e bhUmi upara zanya ja hatuM ema kahevuM te satya nathI. ema kahenArA bauddha sAhityamAM hiMdanA bIjA bhAga jeTalA ApaNA A bhAganAM nAma AvatAM nathI e uparathI ema mAne che Ama chatAM paNa zaparaka, bhRgu. kaccha Adine lIdhe kinAre te prAcIna kALamAM vasavATa vALo hate ema kabala kare che. gujarAtanA bhAgamAM varatI nahatI ke e bhAga prasiddha nahoto ema kahevAne nakArAtmaka dalIla sivAya bIjI dalIla batAvatA nathI. ApaNuM prAcIna bhUgoLamAM sthaLonAM nAma vAraMvAra badalAyAM che. eTale prAcIna nAma kayAM haze e zodhyA vagara dezanuM ThAmaThekANuM nahotuM ema kahevuM vyAjabI nathI, "sarasvatIne pravAha', pAtAla' ane "asure' e traNa lekhenI carcA uparathI eTaluM to jaNAze ke hiMdanA kaI paNa bhAga karatAM gujarAta, siMdha, ane paMjAbane bhAga-nAma game te hoya te paNa-pahele sudharelo hate. mahena-joDerenA lekhakee tyAM nIkaLelI addabhUta saMrakRtinuM kSetra narmadA kinArAthI sidhumukhanI pazcima sudhI hatuM ema siddha karyuM che. e A vAtanI khAtarI Ape che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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eramango pariziSTa 3 bhagavatI ane pAtAla enI sAthe gujarAtanA kinArAne saMbaMdha khaMbhAtanuM bhagavatI nAma mAtanAM aneka nAmamAM eka nAma bhagavatI paNa che. nAmonI carcA AgaLa "abhidhAna'nA prakaraNamAM che ane pariziSTa jamAM karI che. ke TalAMka nAma kevaLa vizeSaNa mAtra paNa che. keTalAMkanA kAraNe maLe che, ane keTalAMkanAM maLatAM nathI. traMbAvaTI nAmanuM kAraNuM kharuM ane daMtakathAnuM baMne maLe che te AgaLa joI gayA. paraMtu bhogavatI' nAmanuM kAraNuM maLatuM nathI. temaja e nAma koI sthaLe vaparAyuM hoya ema paNa jaNAyuM nathI. bhagavatI nAma phakta traMbAvaTInI peThe lokaparaMparAmAM cAlyuM AveluM che. e sivAya kAMI maLatuM nathI. traMbAvaTInI peThe koI graMthamAM nAma maLatuM nathI. e nAma vizeSaNa hoya ema paNa cokkasa kahI zakAya nahi. eTale bahu bhegavilAsa bhogavAya evuM zahera ema kahevAne AdhAra nathI. bhegavilAsanI vipulatAvALAM hiMdustAnamAM khaMbhAtathI moTAM ghaNuM zahera hatAM. paraMtu emAMthI koInuM nAma bhagavatI paDeluM jaNAyuM nathI. te pachI khaMbhAtanuM nAma vizeSaNuM tarIke bhagavatI levAnuM kAraNa nathI. bhagavatI nAma jUnI lokaparaMparAmAM cAlyuM AveluM che ane te kAMI paNa muddA vagara to nahi kahevAyuM hoya eTaluM samajAya che. khaMbhAtanI paurANika prAcInatA che e te AgaLa joI gayA. eTale A nAma je kharekhara prAcIna hoya to paurANika paraMparAnI daSTie ene zodhavuM paDe. purANomAM pAtAlamAM AvelI nAgalokanI rAjadhAnIne bhagavatI kahelI che. khaMbhAtanuM nAma lokaparaMparAthI bhogavatI kahe che. paraMtu koI purANa ke lekha ke evA pramANabhUta sAhityamAM baMbAvaTItAmralekhanI peThe bhagavatI nAma khabhAtane mATe vaparAeluM najare paDatuM nathI. eTale anumAnane AdhAre paurANika paraMparAono Teko laI bhagavatIne khaMbhAta sAthe agara gujarAtanA e bhAga sAthe kAMI saMbaMdha che ke nahi te cacIe. pAtAla sarasvatInA pravAhanI peThe bhAratavarSanI bhUgoLanI bIjI eka vicitra ghaTanA te pAtAla. sarasvatIne pravAha to khare hato te UDI gayo ane tene mATe purANoe vicitra vAta DI. pAtAla purANa jevuM che tevuM che ja nahi, chatAM paurANika bhUgoLano e eka bhAga che eTalo phera e be ghaTanAomAM che. pAtAla je arthamAM levAya che te arthamAM to paurANika bhUgaLakAranI e eka vicitra kalpanA che. asure jema ApaNuM jevA sAmAnya manuSya hatA chatAM purANoe emane ardha devI melI sattAvALA bhayaMkara 1 traMbAvatI piNa kahi, khaMbhanagarapiNa lahiyeM. "bhagavatI' piNa hoya nagara lIlAvatI joya. bhadAsa. bharatabAhubalirAsa, 2 asuro mATenA judA pariziSTamAM A carcA karelI che. cheka arvAcIna samayanI vAta kevI vicitra rIte badalAI jAya che tene eka vicitra dAkhalo che. madrAsamAM hepeDana nAmanA eka yuropiyanA nAmathI pUla baMdhAya te he5Dana brija' kahevAto. tAmIla bhASAmAM bolavAmAM "ha" ane "amAM phera nathI gaNatA. tethI "ADana brija' balavAnuM. tAmIlamAM AnDanane artha ghAMya thAya che. tethI mULa heppaDa bhUlAI "ADananuM dhAMcajAne pUla paDavuM. hAla e jagyAe jatI TrAma gADIo For Private and Personal Use Only

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218 pariziSTa 3 prANu kapyA tema pAtAla e ApaNe pRthvI uparane ja eka bhUmivibhAga che chatAM purANoe ene pRthvInA paDanI aMdarano mulaka karyo. paraMparAo jaLavAyA chatAM enA upara kevAM bhAre paDa caDhI gayAM che ane A eka dAkhalo che. vedamAM pAtAla nathI. vaidika bhUgoLanuM kendrasthaLa paMjAba ane brahmAvarta hovAthI ene uddezIne bhUmivibhAga kahevAtA hatA. paurANika sAhityamAM pAtAla dekhAvA mAMDe che. paurANika varNanamAM pAtAla pRthvInI upara ja koI bhAga che ema vAraMvAra jaNAI AvavA chatAM e pRthvInA paDanI aMdara che ane vivara-kANAMmAM thaIne emAM javAno rasto hoya che ema lagabhaga dareka purANAe spaSTa kareluM che. kUvA, taLAva, nadI, samudranA taLIAmAMthI paNa pAtAlamAM javAya che evI mAnyatA che.* paurANika pAtAlavarNana lagabhaga dareka purANe pAtAlane asurenuM raheThANa mAne che.5 vedanA samaya pachI asure hArI jaI AryonA dhikkArane pAtra banyA te pachInA sAhityamAM emanA raheThANane mATe Arya sAhityamAM halako abhiprAya baMdhAto gaye. Ama chatAM paNa paurANika paraMparAe prAmANikapaNuM sAcavyuM che, ane tethI karIne Avo halako abhiprAya sarvavyApI nathI. A halako abhiprAyanuM mULa cheka yajurveda jeTaluM prAcIna jaNAya che. yajurvedamAM asuronA sthAnane aMdhakArathI vyAsa kahyuM che. A uparathI vadhadvadhate purANoe pAtAlanI vicitra ka95nA thAjI che ema jaNAya che. keTalAMka purANomAM pAtAlanuM saMdara varNana ApeluM che. pAtAlamAM saMdara bAgabagIcA. mahelo. ane vihArasthAne che. sUryane tApa nathI chatAM te ja sAruM rahe che.8 svarga karatAM enI zobhA caDhIAtI upara Barber's Bridge evuM pATiyuM lagADe che. joke tyAM amadAvAdanA eNlisabrija pAse bese che tema ghAMyajA besatA nathI. hAlanI vAta Ama pheravAI jAya che te seMkaDo varSanI paraMparA badalAya temAM zuM navAI. 3 patiyAlAmAM AvelA sthAnezvara sudhI madhya dezanI hada gaNAtI. tenI uparane bhAga ja uttara gaNAto. eTale madhya deza tyAMthI sarasvatI ane pAchaLanA bhAgamAM yamunA sudhI gaNAto. tenI pUrva badhe bhAga prAzya deza gaNAto. 4 nadImAM DUbakI mArI pAtAlamAM gaelAnA dAkhalA purANanI kathAomAM che. nAgenA raheThANa tarIke A badhAM sthAna uparAMta jhADa vagere paNa gaNe che. paNa jaLa mukhya che. juo J. Ph. Vogel: Indian Serpent Lore. P. 272. dakSiNa hiMdamAM dareka kuvA pAtAlanAM dvAra kahevAya che. UMDA kuvAne gUjarAtamAM paNa pAtAlavA kahe che. 5 juo mahAbhArata ughogaparva a. 97 thI 105 nAradanuM pAtAlanuM varNana. viSNupurANa (Quoted by Vogel P. 31) bhAgavata skaM. 5. a. 24. liMgapurANa a. 27. skaMdapurANa kai. khaM. a. 39 ane pirANika kathAke pAtAla zabda. 6 zu. yajurveda 40-3. (Quoted by A.Banerjee Shastri in Asura in India) kasunAmatetro : pena tamasAvRtAH // tAMstepretyApigacchaMti ye ke cAtmahano janAH // 7 juo bhAgavata kaM. 5. a. 24. pAtAlamAM gaDha, ghara, bAgabagIcA, jaLAzaya mayadAnave bAMdhelAM che ema lakhe che. nArada pAtAlanuM suMdara varNana karyuM che. juo Vogel. Indian Serpent Lore. P. 31. nAradane IMdranA svarga karatAM sAruM lAgeluM. 8 Vogel. Indian Serpent Lore. P. 31. kaI purANe ema paNa kahe che ke ajavALuM nAgonA maNione lIdhe rahe che. (bhAgavata). paraMtu sUrya che paNa tene prakAza mAtra che, tApa nathI e vadhAre kharUM che. Ano artha eTalo thaI zake ke pAtAlamAM ekadama bahu tApa ke TADha nathI. A varNana paMjAba ke dakSiNa hida ke tArtarImAM pAtAla dhAranArAne Teke nathI ApatuM. e jagyAoe TADha atizaya che ane tApa paNa (tArtarI sivAya) atizaya che. eTale sUrya chatAM tApa na paDe e samazItoSNa to gUjarAta kAThIAvADane dariyAkinAro che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 219 che ema spaSTa kaheluM che. ene pRthvInA paDanI aMdaranuM svarga ja kaheluM che.10 asuranI aneka jAtio uparAMta nAgalanuM paNa e raheThANa che.11 AvA suMdara varNananI sAthe deva-AryonA vaiSIonuM sthAna hovAthI enI niMdA paNa thaelI jaNAya che. prazaMsA karatAM niMdA pAchaLathI thaelI hovAthI lokahRdayamAM niMdA vadhAre vaselI che. A kAraNathI pAchaLanA bhASAzAstrIo pApa karavAthI jyAM paDAya che te pAtAla" evo artha karavAmAM prerAyA che.12 paraMtu e ja bhASAzAstrIo ane nIMdanArAM purANa pAtAlane kharA svarUpamAM samajAvavAne sahAyabhUta thaI paDe tema che te have joIe. bhAratavarSanI prAcIna vaidika samayanI bhUgoLamAM paurANika samayanI peThe bhinnabhinna dezonAM nAma jaDatAM nathI te joyuM. vaidika samayanA aMta bhAgamAM eTale ke pANininA samayamAM dezanA13 nAnA bhUmivibhAgonAM nAma jaDe che. sadanA samayamAM te brahmAvartane madhyastha kendra samajIne phakta uttara, pUrve, ane nIcca14 evA bhAga pADelA che. dakSiNane badale vaidika samayano A nIcya zabda bahu mahattvano che. vaidika samayanI te pradezanI lagabhaga badhI mahA nadIo A "nI'-adhabhuvana agara dakSiNa tarapha vahetI. eTale e rIte paNa nIca zabda svAbhAvika che. brahmAvarta eTale sarasvatI ane duzakatI nadInI vacceno (patiyAlAnI lagabhagane pradeza) bhAga ane paMjAbane pUrva bhAga eTaluM e samaye madhya deza tarIke gaNAtuM. yamunAthI pUrvane pUrva deza, ane kAzmIra, himAlaya vagere udIcya athavA uttara deza gaNAto. siMdhu ane sarasvatInA nIcalA pravAho-brahmAvartathI tarata ja dakSiNathI zarU thaI samudra sudhInA dakSiNanA bhAge te "nIe" dezane nAme oLakhAtA. pAtAla pRthvI upara ke pRthvInI aMdara pAtAlanA "asaraka," "nAgaleka, vagere 5ryAnI sAthe "adhabhuvana" e paNa paryAya che.15 asaro, nAgaloko ane prAcIna vaidika samayanI AkhI ye kharI paraMparA ghasAI gaI. ane enA paDachAyA mAtra rahyA. eTale e ja pR. 31. bhAgavatanuM varNana paNa e ja kahe che. 10 bhAgavata ke. 5. a. 24. "pRthvInI guphArUpa svarga' liMgapurANa a. 45. le. 11. " vasTinA raiva ghAtAsvavAsinA ' Vogel: P. 83. nAradavarNana. "bhagavatI amarAvatI jevI hatI. skaMdapurANa ke. paM. a.39. lai.4. 11 upara jaNAvelAM tamAma purANa vageremAM pAtAla, asure, daitya, dAna, rAkSasa, nAge, sapi, surabhI, suparNa garuDo, paNio eTalAnuM vAsasthAna che. vAyupurANamAM sAta pAtAlamAM uparanI jAtionAM prasiddha peTAkala kayAM kyAM rahe che tenI lAMbI nAmAvali ApelI che. bhAgavatanA upara kahelA adhyAyamAM paNa mukhya asuronAM nAma ApyAM che, ane nAgAnAM nAma paNa ApyAM che. liMgapurANamAM paNa upara kahelA adhyAyamAM nAme che. 12 vataMtratrapAta I e rIte pApa karanArA paDe che te pAtAla ema pAchaLathI vyutpatti karelI che. 13 pANini gaNapAThamAM hiMdanA ghaNA deza ane zaheranAM nAma ApelAM che. pANininA bhayane vedakALane aMta samaya gaNe che. mAnarta, sauvIra, surASTra vagere dezo, ane vase, mIna vagere nagare sUtromAM ApelAM che. rie pAchaLathI umarelAM e samayanAM gaNatA nathI. jIo sI.vI. vaidhe potAnA vaidika sAhityanA itihAsamAM pANinie ApelAM bhAMgalika nAmanI yAdI. valabhIpura e uparathI ghaNuM prAcIna jaNAya che. mahAnagaranI carcA karI gayA chIe. 14 zatapatha ane aitareya brAhmaNone AdhAre zrI anaMtaprasAda benarajI zAstrIe potAnA Asura in India: P. 69mAM lakheluM che. hidanI pazcimanI maryAdA bahu prAcIna bhUgoLanA ullekhomAM keIe kahI hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI e paNa sUcaka che. 15 amaSaH pAtAlavarga. adhomuvanapAtIDha trasaddha rasataram nArotha ItyAdi. For Private and Personal Use Only

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220 pariziSTa 3 vaidika "nIe dezanA sIdhA ane saraLa paryAya "adhabhuvana"no artha pAchaLanA purANakAro ane kaSakAree pRthvInA paDanI aMdara AveluM bhuvana athavA leka e karyo. paraMtu sAmAnya vicAra karavAthI paNa e artha thAya nahi. e A uparathI samajI zakAze. asure siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukha AgaLathI uttara tarapha Aryo sAme laDhavAne caDhatA ene nIcethI UMce caDhatA ema vedamAM kahe cheluM.16 pAtAlanI paraMparA Ama prAcIna hovA chatAM asure ane nAgalokanA A nIcya agara adhaHpradezanuM nAma pAtAla to vaidika samaya pachI purANAe ja pADayuM hoya ema lAge che. paraMparA veda jeTalI ja jUnI purANoe sAcavelI chatAM nAma teTaluM jUnuM che ke nahi ene patto lAgato nathI, temaja e nAma paDavAnuM kharuM kAraNa paNa keI graMthamAM dekhAtuM nathI. "pApa karanArA paDe' e sutpatti te pAtAla zabda vaparAzamAM AvyA pachInI spaSTa lAge che, kAraNake ema hoya to ene svargathI paNa uttama ema kahe nahi. pAtAlane svargathI paNa sAruM kahevAmAM kharekharI paraMparA purANAe sAcavI che. eka vakhata asaronI jAhojalAlI A karatAM bhAre hatI ane sthApatyAdi kalAomAM AthI asaro vadhAre sudharelA hatA17eTale emanuM raheThANa AryonA raheThANathI uttama hoya ja. eTale A adhaH athavA nIcya pradezanuM nAma pAtAla paDavAnuM kAraNa eTaluM ja samajAya che ke A pradeza eTale siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukhapradeza pAse pAtAla nAmanuM eka prasiddha baMdara hatuM.18 A nagaranA pradezIonA ullekhanA samayane vicAra karatAM purANe hAlanA 16 anveda 2-12-12mAM cAmoroktam e zabdano artha dhaNA AkAzamAM caDhato ema kare che. paraMtu luDavIga(Ludwig) nA AdhAre che, benarajI zAstrI sidhunA mukhathI uparanA dezamAM caDhatA-ascending to the higher tracts' evo artha kare che. A artha vyAjabI lAge che. kAraNa AkhA saktamAM AkAzane artha baMdha nathI besato. zaMbara AdinAM nAmo Ave che te pRthvI upara-ane siMdhunA pradezanI AsapAsamAM banelA banAvo vyakta kare che. nadIonA pravAha paMjAba bAjuthI A "nI pradezamAM nIce UtaratA eTale nadIo mAraphate janAra UMce caDhavAnuM samaje. 17 mayadAnava meTo sthapati asura hato. vizvakarmAnI peThe asuronI sthApatyasiddhi kapita nathI. mohana-jo-Deroe e siddha karyuM che. e carcAne ahIM sthAna nathI. mahAbhAratanA nAradanA varNanamAM ane bhAgavatanA upara lakhelA ullekhamAM bAMdhakAmanA ulekho e vAta siddha kare che. mehana-jo-DerenI Aryetara saMrakRtinuM varNana vAMcavA jevuM che. asurenA pariziSTamAM vadhu carcA karI che. bhAgavata lakhe che ke "pAtAlamAM gharanA svAmIo daitya, dAnava ane nAge che jemanI IcchA IzvarathI paNa teDAtI nathI" (a. 24. rUM. 5) ane nArada, iMdranA sukha karatAM ahIM vadhAre sukha che ema lakhe che ethI e vAta siddha thAya che. 18 juo Nandalal De's Dictionary of Ancient Indian Geography. Conningham's Ancient Geography of IndiamAM pAtAla zabda ane pAtAlanuM varNana. siMdhunA mukha AgaLa pAtAlanagara hatuM te sAthe AkhA siMdhunADeltane paNa pAtAla kahetA. A nagara ghaNuM prAcIna hatuM. grIka elacI medhAnisa(kasa, pU. 300) pAtAlano ullekha siMdhanA mukha AgaLa kare che. (Bom. Gaz. I. Part I. P. Da11). meghAsthanisa siMdhu pAse tera tio gaNAve che jemAM Orostraene pAtAlanA dIpa sAthe joDe che. gejheTIarane lekhaka St. MartinnA AdhAre A pAtAladvIpa'ne kAThIAvADa sAthe joDe che. e ja pU. pa34) ahIM pAtAlane dIpa kahe che e khAsa sUcaka che. eTale e nagara temaja pradeza paNa hato ema grIka elacI lakhe che. I.sa. pU. 25mAM grIka Agatharkhides lakhe che ke hiMdamAM pAtAla sAthe vepAra Sabacans of YemennA hAthamAM hate. (e ja pR. 535). I.sa. pU. 180 lagabhagamAM Menandros rAjAe pUrvamAM yamunA sudhIno ane kinArAmAM pAtAlathI surA sudhIne kinAre jItI lIdho hato. ahIM pAtAlane Pattalene-lower sind ema lakhyuM che. e ja pR. 535) I.sa. 23-79mAM lInI (Pliny) pAtAlane ullekha kare che. (e ja pR. 536). TaeNlemI (Ptolemy) (Isa. bIjI sadI) kAThIAvADanA kinArA pahelAM pAtAlano ullekha kare che. (Mecrindles: Bengal Ed For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 221 samayamAM goThavAyA te pahelAM ghaNA prAcIna samayathI pAtAla AbAda hatuM eTale vedanA "nIo' dezane purANo e dezanA kendrasthaLa sAthe yoje e svAbhAvika che. Arya-asura-ane dAsa e jationuM mizraNa oLakhAya nahi evI rIte thaI gayA pachI, e traNemAM sarvoparI Arya saMskRtinAM guNagAna gAnAra purANakArone asure ane nAgonuM pAtAla madhya dezamAMthI adhaH-nIce lAge. samaya jatAM A paraMparA eTalI badhI jhAMkhI thaI gaI ke asure mANasa maTI bhayaMkara prANI thaI gayA; nAgaloka peTe cAlanArA te ja nAmanAM prANIo thaI gayA, eTale emanuM raheThANa pAtAla e rAphaDA ke kANAMnuM paryAya banI bhUminA paDanI nIce jatuM rahyuM. pAtAla saMbaMdhInA paurANika ulekhomAM ane varNanamAM "dharAtale," "mahItale" vagere zabdo vAparelA che.19 emAM "tane arthe pRthvInA talanI aMdara evo zA kAraNathI karAya che te samajAtuM nathI. 'tala" zabdano artha sapATI upara evo kema na karo ? "karatale" eno artha hathelImAM-hathelInI upara evo karIe chIe, hathelInI cAmaDInI nIce evo nathI karatA. te pachI dharA-ke mahI ke pRthvI 'tale'ne artha paNa pRthvInA talanI upara ema sAdo ne saraLa kema na thAya? bIjuM e paNa dhyAnamAM levA jevuM che ke dareka purANa pramANe sAte pAtAlomAM thaIne dAnava-daitya-asura, surabhI, nAgaloka, suparNa garuDa pakSIo vagere rahe che.20 eTale savAla eTale ja thAya che ke nAga kANAMmAMthI bhU zake paraMtu A bIjA badhA zI rIte rahyA ? eTale pAtAla bhUminA garbhamAM nathI ane nAgaka te peTe. cAlanArA nAga nathI. pAtAla bhUmi uparano bhAga che. sAsapAtAla pAtAla sAta kahelAM che. atala, vitala, nitala, gabhaktimata, mahAtala, sutala, ane rasAtala; A badhAM pAtAla kahevAya che ane koI graMtha pAtAla nAmane A sAtamAM eka bhAga gaNAve che.21 pRthvInA P. 16-11 & 199) e pramANe pAtAla nagaranA ullekha che. evIana paNa pAtAlane tyAM mUke che. e nagarA haidarAbAda pAse hatuM ema kaniMgahAma AdinuM mAnavuM che. paraMtu te mATe matabheda che. siMdhu hAla karatAM pUrvamAM vahetI eTale e nagara pUrvamAM hevAne saMbhava vadhAre che. kacchanA raNanA pUrvAvatAra samudramAM siMdhu re che. kacchanA raNanA pUrvAvatAra samudramAM sidhu maLatI te vakhate siMdhunI ekAda zAkhA upara e nagara hevAne saMbhava che. Sir T. Holdich. Gates of India. P. 148mAM enuM varNana che. haidarAbAdathI 30 mAIla dakSiNa pUrve mUke che. 19 liMga pu. a. 45-23. (tiru); rakaMda. nAgara. a. 1. e ja a. 31-7. dharata; e ja . 27 ane pachI dhati ane mota; nAgarakhaMDa a. 31. lo. 27mAM tala zabda dharAtala ane mahatala kahI pRthvInI upara ane aMdara ema be arthamAM vAparyo che. 20 juo pAchaLa neTa 11. 21 kAI purANa gatimAne badale "talAtala' kahe che. abarUnIe vAyu ane AdityapurANa pramANe pAtAlane kaTho Ape che te jovA jevo che. purANamAM vAyunuM prAcInatva jANItuM che. AdityapurANe AdityanA zarIranA bhAga mujaba pAtAlanA kama Apyo che tene abaranI bI purANe karatAM kramamAM ThIka gaNe che. (Sachan's Al Baruni P. 23031.) kaMda. ke. naM. a. 39mAM pAtAlanuM sAruM varNana che. ativitaruM caiva nitaruM = rasAtamU tAta ja kutaruM pAtA vA sakSama che pachI e bhUmionA raMga ApyA che. te pachI lakhe che ke tepurAnava TaMDeyanA sarA: svarlokAdapi ramyANi draSTAni bahuzo mayA / / AhvAdakAriNo nAnA maNayo yatra pannagAH // daityadAnava kanyAmirmahA rUpAmiranvite / / pAtAle kasya na prIti vimuktasyApi jAyate // yatra nASNaM na zItaM na varSa duHkhameva ca // bhakSya For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa I 223 paDamAM A sAta ekanI nIce eka ema AvelAM che evI paurANika kalpanA che. A pAtAleA bhUminA paDa nIce te nathI ja e joyuM. te pachI bhUmi upara e kayAM che te joie. vidvAnoe ene mATe bhinnabhinna tarka karelA che. keTalAka pAtAlane dakSiNa hiMda-drAviDa deza-sAthe meLave che. keTalAka pAtAlanA pA~ca zabda alisama heAvAthI navA sumAtrA vagere pAse AvelA bile TApune lIdhe malAyAnA dvIpane pAtAla gaNe che. zrI naMdalAla dee lAMkhI carcA karI pAtAlane adhAnistAna khAnu tAtaeNrI ane ekasasa nadI pAse22 mUkavA prayatna karyAM che. A badhA prayatne emAM karelI dalIleAnI khAtara dhyAnamAM levA jevA chatAM emAM ApaNAM purANeAnI paraMparAne barAbara dhyAnamAM lIdhelI nathI. paurANika paraMparAmAM pAtAla pRthvInA paDanI nIce che eTalI mAnyatA ja mAtra kADhI nAkhIe te pAtAla mATe kAMIka prakAza paDI zake che, ane e mAnyatA mATenI carcA AgaLa karI gayA. e mAnyatA veda samayanI asurI vagerenI ane nIcya bhUminA arthanI paraMparA ghasAI jaIne cheka AMkhI thaI gaI tethI udbhavI che te paNa joyuM. eTale purANA taraphathI khIjA TekA kayA maLe che te oie. pAtAla nAgaleAka ane paurANika bhUgoLa pAtAlanA paryAya jema 'alisadbha'-asurezanI bhUmi che tema 'nAgalAka' paNa che. paurANika bhUMgALamAM jaMbu dvIpastha bhAratavarSanA navadvIpeA kahevAya che.23 enuM savistara varNana AgaLa khAsa prakaraNamAM karI gayA. A dvIpAmAM dakSiNe tAmrapaNuM athavA siMhaladvIpa mUkyA pachI naiRtye gabhastimata ane pazcime nAgadvIpa monya maddAmo vAchoyatrApi nAyate| ahIM pAtAlanuM sukha, zIteA NanI samAnatA, svarga karatAM ramya vagere neoMdhavA jevuM che. 22 alisaddha zabda pAtAlanA paryAya che tethI jAvA pAsenA bali TApune pAtAla gaNavA mATe AdhAra nathI. AgaLa carcA te mujaba dakSiNamAM asurI vagere pAchaLathI--vaidika samayanA aMta bhAgamAM gaelA che. zrI naMdalAla ke peAtAnA prAcIna bhAgelika kAbamAM ane InDIana hIsTArIkala kavArTaralImAM pAtAla mATe lAMkhI carcA kare che. haleA Te-le kahevAtA hatA tenuM saMskRta 'tala' thayuM. atala vitala Adine jAtionA nAma tarIke A pramANe besADe cheH A-telites (atala); Ab-telites (vitala jenuM baMgAlI bItala karIne besADeluM jaNAya che); Neph-thalites (nitala); To-Charis (talAtala); talAtalane badale gatimata lai enA Jaxartes kahe che; ane talAtalane takSakAnuM sthAna kahe che; Hai-telites (mahAtala); Ci-darites or Su-tribes, (sutala); A sutalane Oxus nadI pAse mUke che. A leAkane surabhi ane suparNa gaDA sAthe meLave che. rasAtalane paNa Jaxartes sAthe meLavI rasA nadInA pradeza kahe che. nAga zabda prAcIna haNAnuM nAma Hiung-Mune apabhraMza kahe che. zetrane seAgDIAnAnI Sses jAti, ane vAsukine Usuivis jAti kahI bIjI nAgajAtinAM nAma besADe che. rasAtalane dAnavAnuM paNa sthAna kahIne hiraNyapura nagarane tyAM mUke che ane kArapIana samudra hiracakApunA nAma uparathI thayAnuM lakhe che. bhAgavatanI hATakI nadIne zAkadvIpanI hiraNyavatI nadI sAthe meLave che paNa bhAgavatanuM e AkhuM varNana bhUlI jAya che. jenI carcAnI ahIM jarUra nathI. pAtAlanagarane bakhanI pUrvAMttare ekasasane kAMThe mUke che. A badhuM lakhyA chatAM hiMdu para MparA pAtAlane hiMdustAnamAM mUke che ema kala kare che. A anumAneA kharAbara nathI tenI lAMbI carcA asthAne che. pAtAlanA samudra sAthenA sahayoga sarvamAnya che eTale zrI naMdabAbunAM anumAnA paraMparAnI eka viruddha che. pAtAlanA chevaTano bhAga suparNa garuDone lIdhe IrAnanA zikSaNa kinArA sudhI jAya paraMtu dariyAkinArAthI bahu UMcA pAtAlane laI javA mATe kAI AdhAra nathI. rA. naMdabAbu sUrya pazcimamAM nIceAUtare mATe pazcimanA bhAga e bhUminA garbha ane te pAtAla ema artha kare che. 23 iMdradvIpaH kaserumAn tAmrapaNoM gabhastimAn nAgadvIpaH saubhyo gaMdharvo varuNaH kumAridvIpazcAyaM navamaH zamazeraTTata kAvyamImAMsA; pR. 92, vaLI viSNupurANa ane skaMdapurANa kai, khaM. a. 39 jue. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 223 lakhelA che. AmAM hakaka5, tAmraparNa ane uttaranAM gAMdharva eTalA dvIponA sthaLanirNaya thaI gaelA che.24 eTale pirANika krama A tapanI bAbatamAM te kharo che. eTale gatimata ane nAgadvIpa bhAratavarSanI netra ane pazcime che e vAta siddha thAya che. have paurANika bhUgoLamAM dvIpano artha mAtra TApu ja thato nathI paNa pradezanA ke bhUmi vibhAganA sAmAnya arthamAM paNa dvIpa zabda vApare che. koI sthaLe te e ja dvIpane mATe khaMDa zabda vAparelo che.25 have purANomAM pAtAlanI kaI maryAdA nizcita karelI nathI, paraMtu enuM varNana addhara jevuM ja (Vague) che. pAtAlanA sAta bhAga pADelA che tene maryAdAne arthe karavAno nathI. prAcIna hiMduone sAtane AMkaDe pasaMda hevAthI saptasidhu, sakhasArasvata, - satagodAvaranI peThe ja samapAtAla samajavAnAM che.26 kANAMmAMthI bhUminA paDamAM pesatA sApa uparathI pAtAlane bhUminI aMdara mAnanArA paurANikane nAga uparAMta asure vagere pAtAlamAM hovAnI paraMparAthI guMcavaNuM upanna thaI, paraMtu nikAla na jaDavAthI te darekanA sthAna mATe pAtAlanA ja sAta bhAga pADavA ane darekane judAM sthAna ApyAM. paraMtu sAta pAtAlamAM eka nAma gabhAsta mata che te joyuM. A gabhastimata bhAratavarSanA naiRtye AvelA eka deza-dvIpa tarIke ja gaNeluM che. e uparAMta pAtAlano paryAya nAgaloka" e purANano nAgadvIpa ja che. loka ane dvIpano artha ahIM deza-bhUmi vibhAga eTalo ja spaSTa rIte thAya che. eTale bhAratavarSanI naiRtya ane pazcime AvelA A be khaMDano samAveza pAtAlamAM thAya che ema mAnavuM paDe. nAgaloka athavA dvIpanI peThe gatimata paNa netra Avelo hIpa agara khaMDa vizeSa che te sAthe e samapAtAlomAMnuM eka pAtAla paNa gaNAya che te joyuM. A be nAma bhAratavarSanA netratya ane pazcimanI bhUgoLamAM rahI gayAM che; ane sapta pAtAlanI paurANika kalpanAmAM rahI gayAM che, te bahu ja sUcaka che. ane hiMdanA dakSiNa pazcima kinArAne pAtAlano bhAga kahevA mATe pUratAM che. pAtAlane bhUminA paDa nIce dhAravAnI kalpanA karatAM karatAM paNa ATalI aitihAsika bArI rahI gaI jaNAya che. have A be vIpa kayA te prAcIna bhUgoLanA lekhakae hajI sudhI cokkasa kareluM nathI. zrI surendranAtha majamudAra zAstrIe bIjA hIpanA sthaLanirNaya karyo che te mujaba A bannene kaccha ane kAThIAvADa, ane muMbaInA kinArA pAsenA beTo mAne che.27 vaLI purANo viva2 athavA kANAmAM thaIne pAtAlamAM javAnuM dvAra kahe che te sAthe pANImAM thaIne paNa pAtAlamAM javAya che28 ema kahe 24 surendranAtha majamudAra zAstrInuM lakheluM kaniMgahAmanI prAcIna bhUgoLamAM pariziSTa pR. 749-14. 25 ra. pu. kau. khaM. a. 39. lo. 112 thI 116. pAritrAva vaMduM mAriskRtama satra 2 sarvavaMdamUni | dIpa eTale be bAju paNa te. cAre bAjuvALo beTa nahi. dviIpakala ane doAba dvIpa kahI zakAya. 26 A badhAmAM sAtanA AMkaDAne khAsa sAta e artha nathI. satasArasvata kevaLa kapita ja lAge che. satagodAvarane po lagADavo muzkela che. saptasiMdhu uparathI sapta lagADavAnI praNAlikA thaI haze. saptAMkaNa paNa kahevAya che. sapta pAtAlanI peThe AkAzamAM saptaka paNa kahelA che. * 24 Appendix i to Cunningham's Ancient Geog. of India By Surendranath Majmudar PP. 553-54. 28 skapu. kau. khU. a. 23. barbarika vivaramAM thaine nAgalokamAM ratnamaya liMga pAse jAya che. nAgarakhaMDa a. 8mAM ene mika kahe che. ane Indian Serpent Lore P. 10.mAM vadimakane pAtAlanuM dvAra kaheluM che. amarakeSa nApAtrotha dare kuri vivara vistram | chidra nirNayane dhuM arjha vapazu: che ema nAgalokaeTale pAtAla paryAya kahIne pachI kANAMnA paryAya gaNAve che. medinIke tAruM nA cata vivare javAna che ema kahe che. pAtAlane bila varga For Private and Personal Use Only

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224 pariziSTa 3 che. vivara athavA kANAMnuM te paraMparA lupta thayA pachI pAchaLathI ja jeluM spaSTa dekhAya che, paraMtu pAchuM mAraphate pAtAla javAnI paraMparA sAcI jaNAya che. vedakAlanA nIcya deza athavA adhabhuvanamAM siMdhu ane sarasvatI dvArA vahANomAM ja javAtuM. siMdhunA mukha pAse AveluM pAtAlanagara prAcIna bhAratanuM eka agatyanuM baMdara hatuM. enA u9lekhe I.sa. pUrve trIjI sadI pahelAMnA maLe che.29 eTale pAtAlanuM kharuM nAma koSakAro kahe che tema adhabhuvana-nIcya pradeza hovA chatAM e pradezanA kendrarUpa pAtAla baMdara hovAthI pAtAlane nAme e badhe pradeza oLakhAvA lAge ema jaNAya che. siMdhunAM mukhano Akho pradeza (delta) paNa pAtAla kahevAto hato. A badhI paraMparAo dhyAnamAM letAM ane pAtAlanA sAta bhAga eTale anizcita maryAdA kalpelI che te dhyAnamAM letAM siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukhapradeza mULa prathama pAtAlamAM-abhuvanamAM gaNAtA haze ane sarvathI jUnA purANAe jyAre prAcIna paraMparAo bhegI karI noMdhI tyAre A pradeza IzananA kinArAthI hiMdanA AkhA pazcima kinArAne pAtAlamAM gayo haze ema samajAya che.30 vaidika samayamAM aphaghAnistAna, balucistAna ane IrAnano keTaloka bhAga paNuM eka ja samAna saMskRtine hato. eTale siMdhunA mukhanI pazcime-aphaghAnistAna-balucistAna-IrAnane dakSiNa kinAre paNa nIcya pradeza gaNavAthI anizcita (Vague) rIte pAtAlamAM gaNAI gaye haze. A uparAMta pAtAlanI maryAdA anizcita hovAthI arabI samudranA nAza pAmelA TApuo ane lakSadvIpa mAladvIpa paNa pAtAlanA sAmAnya nAmamAM samAveza thaI zake. 31 sapanA AMkaDAne arthe maryAdAnuM anizcitapaNe e Talo ja karavAno che. pAtAla hATakezvara ane gujarAtane kinAre have pAtAlanA sthaLanirNaya mATe bIjI agatyanI bAbata te hATakezvara. hATakezvaranuM sthAna pAtAlamAM che ema purANa kahe che. skaMdapurANamAM to nAgarakheDa nAmano Akho moTo khaMDa hATakezvarakSetranA mahimAne Apela che. nAgarakhaMDanuM AkhuM ce varNana hATakezvarakSetrane Anarta deza32 sAthe joDe che. eTale pAtAla bhUminA garbhamAM nahi paNa pRthvInA paTa para che ema mAnIe to hATakezvarakSetranA yogane lIdhe Anarta deza ke ene koI bhAga pAtAlamAM gaNato haze ema samajAya. nAgarakhaMDa ane bIje purANamAM jyAM eTale kANAM athavA guphAnA svarga kahe che. bhAgavata ene pRthvInI guphArUpa svargo kahe che. A pramANe bila ane vivarane pacaya abhra eTale kAtara che te paNa sUcaka che. sAbaramatI nadInuM nAma zvabhravatI che ane enA vAMdhAvALA prade che ane rudradAmAM kSatrapanA lekhamAM eNe e bhra deza jItyAnuM lakhyuM che. A zva dezane vivara pAtAla Adi sAthe saMbaMdha haze ? AgaLanI carcA uparathI vAMcanAra samajI leze. joke nakkI kAMI kahevAya tevuM nathI. 29 A ullekha AgaLa neTa 18mAM joyA. eNlekajhAMDaranuM AkhuM naikAsainya pAtAla baMdaranA vizALa DakkAomAM samAI gayuM hatuM. Meerindle's Ptolemy P. 147) vepAra ane naikAsainya banenI dRSTie enI upagitA e samaye hatI. e samaye eriyana (Arrian) kahe che ke pAtAla e bhAgamAM moTAmAM moTuM zahera hatuM. 30 pAtAla sidhunA mukhapradezamAM eTale enI AsapAsa badhe kinAre pAtAla kahevAya, enA sAta bhAga game tema karyo jaNAya che. asurenI bhUmi tarIke paNa A badhe irAna sudhIne kinAre pAtAla kahI zakAya. vadhAre asuronA lekhamAM carcA. 31 upara jaNAvelA majamudAra zAstrInA nirNayamAM gabhaktimatamAM lakSadvIpa mAlIpane gaNe che. A dvIpa prAcIna kALamAM joDAelI bhUmi hovAnuM saMbhava che. arabI samudramAM gUjarAta kADIAvADa kacachanA kinArA pAse prAcIna kALamAM beTo hatA te nAza pAmyAnA ullekha maLe che. 32 rka. nAgara. a. 1, 4 vagere ghA adhyAyamAM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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225 pariziSTa 3 jyAM hATakezvarane ulekha che tyAM tyAM pAtAla bhUminI aMdara che ane vivaramAM ke va9mIkamAM thaIne emAM javAno rasto che ema kahevAnuM purANakAra cUkatA nathI. 33 tema chatAM paNa kharI vAta temanAthI DhAMkI zakAtI nathI. nAgarakhaMDanA pahelA ja adhyAyamAM liMgapUjAnI upatti kahetAM brahmAe sthApeluM hATakezvaranuM liMga Anarta dezanA tApasonA araNyamAM prathama paDayuM ane pAtAlamAM gayuM ema varNana che.34 te pachI cothA adhyAyamAM trizaMkune cAMDAlatvathI mukta karavA Abu parvata upara gaelA vizvAmitrane mArkaMDeya munie ja AbuthI naiRtya dizAmAM AvelA hATakezvarakSetramAM javA kahyuM ane tyAM devamArge pAtAlamAM jaI pAtAlagaMgAmAM snAna karI hATakezvaradarzanathI teno uddhAra tha.35 A vanamAM hATakezvarakSetra AbuthI naiRtye spaSTa kahevA chatAM devamArga kahIne paurANika rUpa ApavA yatna thayo che. AThamA adhyAyamAM te hATakezvaradarzanathI yajJayAgAdi karyA vagara svargaprApti thatAM devone ciMtA thaI tethI hATakezvaratIrthane ucheda karavA dhAryuM ema kahI "dharAtalene badale spaSTa rIte "dharApRSTha 37 zabda vAparyo che. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke AbunI taiye hATakezvarakSetra eTale pAtAla hatuM. vaLa brahmAe zivaliMganA kudaratI AkAre suvarNanuM liMga karyuM ane te prathama liMga hatuM. ene ucheda karavA devoe prayatna karyo. A badhAne arthe ghaNA prAcIna kALamAM liMgapUjAnI zarUtAtamAM vaidika brAhmaNo sAthe liMgapUjaka zono-pAzupatono vigraha ane vaidie hATakezvarakSetrane nAza ka2, eTale ja thAya che. A nAza e kSetrano be vakhata thaelo jaNAya che. 38 liMgapUjA ane pAzupata saMpradAyane Adya pracAra gujarAtanA kinArA sAthe che e to jANItI vAta che. eTale hATakezvarakSetra Anarta deza ane pAtAlanA eka bhAganuM tAdAmya siddha thAya che. 33 . nAgara. a. 8-11 ane lo. 120-21. 34 liMgapUjAnI utpattinAM traNa kAraNomAMnuM A eka kAraNa che, ane te Anarta dezamAM banyuM che. khaMbhAtanA kuMbhatIrthanAma ane liMgapUjAnI utpattine saMbaMdha che ane narmadAtaTa ane kAyAvarohaNamAM pAzupata matane prathama saMcAra thayAnuM paNa AgaLa joyuM che. eTale prathama liMgapUjAmAM hATakezvara liMga thayuM e sUcaka che. brahAe | tato haTakanAra vAdapitAda: | kRtvAliMgaM svayaM tatra sthApayAmAsa harSitaH // 63 // mayAhyAdyaM tvidaM liMga hATakena vinirmitam // khyAtiM yAsyati sarvatra patA zvaram 61. AmAM tadAkAra zabda to liMgapUjAne ziznapUnA sAtheno saMbaMdha paNa vyakta kare che. nAgarakhaMDamAM aneka jagyAe hATakezvarakSetra Anarta dezamAM ane hATakezvara pAtAlamAM ema lakhI AkhI vAtane pirANika veza paherAvI vivaramAM pesavAnI vAta kare che. paraMtu e vidhAmAM hATakezvara ane temanuM kSetra AnartamAM ja che e dekhAI AvyA vagara rahetuM nathI, 35 e ja a. 4thotamAtAkSetre vezvara phitamAM asti navaracaMdrimAne pheze vAnartavaMza para te tatra rajita DhiAM phuTena kuttamaiH | cattalaMkItyaMta Dhore pAtAlezvaram II karU che A pirANika rUpa maLavA chatAM Anarta deza e pAtAla ema batAve che. hATakanuM liMga e AvaliMga hatuM atharvavedanA kuMbhane mULa liMgapUjA sAtheno saMbaMdha jotAM kaMbane hiraNyAsa karela che ane vetasane artha 25STa rIte zizna karelo che te jotAM A AliMga hATakezvarane ane kuMbhane saMbaMdha haze ? 36 e ja adhyAya 8. . papa thI 59. 37 e ja adhyAya 8. lo. 18. tIrthametaraparAkRSTa zvira zivam . 38 e ja adhyAya 8. Indra brahmahatyAnA pApathI mukta thavA prathama pUreluM vivara pAchuM UghaDIne tyAM va9mIka thayo hato. nAga te mAge AvatA, tyAMthI pAtAlamAM pisIne hATakezvaradarzanathI pApamukta thaze. ane tIrthane A mahimA joI ene pharI pAMzuthI pUravA kahyuM. For Private and Personal Use Only

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226 pariziSTa 3 asala hATakezvarakSetra kayAM? ahIM eka vAta spaSTa karavI joie. hATakezva2 nAgarAnA ISTadeva che ane emanuM mULa sthAna vaDanaga2 hATakezvakSetra gaNAya che. nAgaratti mATe aneka anumAna thayAM che, ane e badhAM dayAnamAM letAM ane hamaNAM zrIdevadatta bhAMDArakare nAgaro mATe navI vAto jAhera karI che39 te jotAM A ati vivAdagrasta viSayamAM A sthaLe UtaravuM yogya nathI. te sAthe nAgarakhaMDamAM hATakezvarakSetra vaDanagarane uddezIne varNaveluM hovA chatAM enA ulekhAmAM evA viradho mAluma paDe che ke asala hATakezvarakSetra vaDanagaramAM nahi ema spaSTa samajAya che. e badhI carcA vistAranA bhayathI ahIM choDI daIzuM. vaDanagarane hATakezvarakSetra mAnanArA zrImAnazaMkarabhAIe paNa hATakezvara mULa pAtAlamAMthI AvyA ane vaDanagaramAM pachI sthApana thayA ema to kabUle kare che.40 eTale mULa pAtAlanA hATakezvara te vaDanagaravALA nahi e ApaNA matane hAni thatI nathI. vaDanagara prAcIna zahera hovA chatAM e mULa hATakezvarakSetra nahotuM ane pAchaLathI thayuM e skaMdapurANanA tamAma varNana uparathI spaSTa thAya che. eka khAsa spaSTa vAta to e che ke AbuthI naiRtye te kaccha ne kAThIAvADa Ave vaDanagara nahi. vaDanagara dakSiNe che. vaLI kAmIranA itihAsanA eka ulekhathI paMjAbamAM caMdrabhAgA nadI pAse pAtAla che ema paNa manAvavA yatna thaelo che.41 paraMtu emAM caMdrabhAgAne raste pAtAlamAM javAno mAtra ulekha che. eTale caMdrabhAgAne raste sidhumAM thaIne pAtAlanagara-sidhumukha AgaLa avAtuM eTalo ja artha che. paMjAbamAM pAtAla nahi. pAtAla hATakezvarakSetra ane gujarAtanA kinArAnA saMbaMdhanI paracuraNa vigate nAgarakhaMDamAM somanAthanA eka ullekhamAM seminAtha paNa hATakezvarakSetramAM hovAnuM lakhe che. e uparAMta 39 Ind. Ant. March-April. 1932. emAM pahelAMnA vicAra badalI baMgALanA kAyasthane nAgara mAnI, nAgara kaI viziSTa jAti mAnI hATaka deza himAcala pAra sAthe joDe che. hATakezvarano khulAse karatA nathI. bhAMDArakare hATakane deza TharAve to hATakezvarane kema visAya 40 mAnazaMkara pItAMbaradAsa kRta nAgarotpatti lekhaH 6ThI gu. sAhitya pariSadane riporTa. pR. 114. eozrI lakhe che ke hATakezvara pAtAlamAM mULa nAgalokonA deva paNa nAgaroe pachIthI lIdhA ane AgaLa lakhe che ke pAtAlane suvarNa liga-hATakezvarane camatkArapura-je emanA mata pramANe vaDanagara che-mAM citrazarmA nAmanA brAhANe thApana karyuM. A badhI bAbatamAM rasa. mAnazaMkarabhAInI vivAdagrasta bIjI vAto sAthe ahIM saMbaMdha nathI. phakta vaDanagara mULa hATakezvarakSetra nahi paNa pAchaLathI tyAM sthApana thaeluM e vAta barAbara che. sAMbhaLyA pramANe che. mAnazaMkarabhAIe A lekha pachI hamaNAM pitAnA vicAra badalyA che ane vaDanagara AnaMdapura te gujarAtanuM nahi paNa kAThIAvADamAM bIjuM che te evI matalabano lekha muMbAinA"gujarAtI patramAM lakhe che. ethI paNa vaDanagara asala hATakezvarakSetra nahi ema siddha thAya che, ane kAThIAvADa bAju e kSetrane khoLavAmAM taddana nahi to kAMIka khare rasto jaDe che ema samajAya che. 41 e ja pR. 116. 4ra ra. pu. nAgara, a. 63. mAM somanAthatpatti hATakezvakSetramAM kahI che ane le. 46mAM prabhAsamAM lakhyuM che. khaMbhAtanuM kumArikA kSetra ane somanAthanuM prabhAsakSetra e badhuM keAI vakhate Anarta agara hATakezvarakSetramAM gaNAtuM haze. hATakezvarakSetra vistRta hovuM joIe. ane e badhAM ghaNAM pAse pAse hovAM joie. AnartanI eka vakhatanI rAjadhAnI dvArakAM kahelI che. che e jotAM AnartanI hada mULa dvArakAM ane prabhAsa sudhI manAtI hevI joIe. A pradezanAM nAme ane hade kALe kALe karelAM che. vaDanagara jeTale cheTe hATakezvarakSetra mUkavAnuM koI kAraNa maLatuM nathI, pirANika daSTie e bhAga dharmAraNya (mArA) ane abuMdanI vadhAre pAse gaNAya, e vibhAga AnartathI judA che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 227 skaMdapurANa kaumArikAkhaMDamAM brahmAe mahIsAgarasaMgama upara paheluM hATakezvaranuM suvarNa liMga sthApyuM ema lakhe che.43 e ja khaMDamAM AgaLa barbaraka tapabhaMga thavAthI daityanI pAchaLa vivarane raste pAtAlamAM peThe tyAM rana-suvarNamaya liMga joyuM. tyAMthI cAra rastA jatA hatA. eka dakSiNane paraka-sopArA tarapha, bIje pUrvane zrI parvata tarapha, trIje pazcimano prabhAsa tarapha ane cothe guptakSetra athavA khaMbhAta tarapha. A varNana pAtAla ane hATakezvarane gUjarAta kAThIAvADanA kinArA sAthe joDe che.44 nAgarakhaMDamAM ajapAla rAja upara prasanna thaelA hATakezvara ene potAnI sAthe pAtAlamAM laI gayA. tyAM eNe ajapAlezvarI athavA paramezvarI devInuM sthApana karyuM. A paramezvarInuM pITha pAtAlamAM kahevAya che. Aje gujarAtanI eka jJAtinI e kuladevI che. eTale paramezvarInA pIThavALuM gujarAtanuM sthaLa pAtAlano saMbaMdha spaSTa kare che.45 agatyAzrama purANe ghaNI jagyAe mUke che.46 emAM skaMdapurANAMtargata prabhAsakhaMDa agatya samudra pI gayA e banAva prabhAsa AgaLa lAve che. kharI rIte mahAbhArata ane dareka purANanA agatyanA ullekha jotAM dakSiNamAM jatA pahelAM agatyAzramane saMbaMdha sarasvatInA nIcalA taTa upara koI jagyAe hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. eTale nAgara, prabhAsa, mahAbhAratAdi ulekhAthI sarasvatI mAraphate agatyanuM samudrayAna spaSTa thAya che. prabhAsakhaMDamAM lakhe che ke prasanna thaelA devo pAse agatye mAgyuM ke loko A prabhAsakSetramAM hATakezvaranA pAtAlaviMganuM hamezAM pUjana kare.47 AgaLa kaMdapurANa kaumArikA khaMDanA hATakezvara khaMbhAta pAse ja che e ulekha ane A prabhAsa kSetravALo ulekha, sarasvatIno pravAha gujarAta kAThIAvADanI vacce thaI khaMbhAtanA akhAta rUpe prabhAsanI lagabhaga pAse samudrane maLato e carcA karI 43 raka. pu. kau. khU. a. 48. glaeN. 20-21. brahnAtra sthApavA tuM dRzvara zitam | mahInAra che tri pAtarA manoram | ahIM paNa tretAyugamAM cAla dezamAMthI somanAtha javA mATe AvelA be brAhmaNone guptakSetra mahIsAgara tIrthamAM somanAtha utpanna thayA ema kahI ahIM hATakezvara brahmAe sthApelA ema kahe che. 44 & 5. ko. khaM. a. 63. zlo, pa9 thI 63. ahIM barbarika je daityanI pAchaLa pAtAlamAM jAya che tene ahiMsA dharmavALo jaina ke baddha kahyo che. eTale I.sa. nI zarUAtanA saikAomAM zaiva ane zraddhA tathA jenenI laDAI vyakta kare che. barbarika palAzI deyane harAve che tyAre vAsuki vagere nAge tene AzvAsana ApI kahe che ke A daiye amane pAtAlathI paNa nIce kADhayA. A ullekha zo gRjarAtanA kinArAnI paNa dakSiNe gayA haze ema batAve che. 45 paramezvarInuM pITha pAtAlamAM che te mATe juo na de. mahetA kA "zAkata saMpradAyamAM ApelI pIThanI yAdI. paramezvarI devI, sALavI lokena kazyapa gotranA tulA nAmanA kuLanI kuLadevI che. 46 kuM. pu. prabhAsakhaMDa prabhAsakSetramAM agarayAzrama kahe che. nAgarakhaMDa hATakezvarakSetramAM kahe che (a. 33). mahAbhArata vanaparva (nirNasAgara)mAM a. 80mAM puSkaramAM agaratyAzrama che. a. 85mAM prayAgamAM kahe che. a. 86mAM pAMDava dezamAM hAla che tyAM kahe che. e ja adhyAyamAM AgaLa vairya parvata pAse agatya ane emanA ziSyone Azrama kahe che. vairya parvata vizvanA pazcima cheDe gujarAtane lagato che e mahAbhArata AgaLa kahe che kAraNa te pachI turata sorASTra lakhe che. varSa parvata ke jemAMthI khaMbhAtamAM prasiddha evA akIkanA amuka jAtanA paththara nIkaLe che ane jene lIdhe gujarAtane e Akho bhAga vairca deza kahevAta te che. Ama agaratyAzramanI kheMcatANa che paraMtu agatya sarasvatInA taTa sAthe vadhu saMbaMdha dharAve che. siMdhutIrthamAM agatya pAmudrAne paraNyA. e siMdhusAgaranuM tIrtha ke siMdhune artha samudra laie te sararavatI sAgarasaMgama ema thAya che. A tIrthane mahatatIrtha kahyuM che. vanaparva. a. 1326. 47 ke. pu. prabhAsakhaMDa. a. 75. gRjarAtane kinArethI agatya dakSiNamAM gayA e kathA drAviDa dezamAM paNa che. 3. kaNasvAmI AyaMgara lakhe che ke agaratya dvArakAthI vRSIonAM 18 kuTuMbo dakSiNamAM lAvyA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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228 pariziSTa 3 che te dhyAnamAM letAM, hATakezvarakSetra sarasvatI-samudrasaMgamanI AsapAsa koI sthaLe hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che; ane dee be vakhata eno nAza karyAnuM AgaLa joyuM. ema e kSetranA mULa sthAnane nAza thayo ane sarasvatInA mukhanI kharI paraMparA bhUlAI prabhAsane aDoaDa mukAI, te sAthe hATakezvarakSetra paNa purANakAroe aneka jagyAe mUkayuM ema saMbhave che.48 gametema paNa A ulekhe hATakezvarakSetrane vaDanagara pAse nahi paNa gUjarAtanA kinArA pAse hatuM eTale te batAve che. ene eka bIjo ADakatare purAvA maLe che. purANakAro pAtAla bhUmi upara che chatAM ene enI aMdara nAkhe che tema vaDavAmukha paNa samudramAM ghaNe cheTe mUke che. paraMtu paraMparAne kharA rUpamAM janAra khALave nA varAhamihira vaDavAmukhane bhAratanI naiRtyano deza vizeSa kahe che.49 sarasvatI vaDavAnalane laIne AvI ane samudramAM nAkhe ema kathA che; ane te jagyAe vaDavAmukha e vAta varAhamihiranA vaDavAmukha sAthe barAbara baMdha bese che. have vaDavAnalano paryAya aurvAnala che ane aurvAnala sAthe paNa sarasvatInI e jAtanI ja kathA che.50 A oNnalane paryAya pAtAla che. koI koSa to vaDavAnalane ja paryAya pAtAla Ape che.51 e rIte paNu vaDavAmukha e pAtAla ema Thare che. eTale hATakezvarakSetra, Anarta deza, vaDavAmukha e badhA yogathI pAtAla athavA ene bhAga gUjarAta kAThIAvADa-kacchanA kinAre kahI zakAya. vizeSamAM pAtAlavAsI nAganAM nava kula keSakAro gaNAve che tema viSanA paNa nava prakAra gaNAve che. AmAM keTalAMkanAM nAma samajAtAM nathI. paraMtu emAM be jAtanAM viSanAM nAma pradezane lagatAM che. eka saurASTrika ane bIjuM darada, saurASTrika eTale saurASTranuM ane dArada e dakSiNa balucistAnane bhAga che. nAganI peThe viSa paNu pAtAlanAM gaNavAno rivAja che. eTale A nAmo paNa balucistAnathI gujarAtane kinAre nirdeza kare che.para vadhArAmAM siddha nAgArjune rasasiddhine mATe pAtAlamAM vAsa karelo ane vAsuki nAge mALA ApelI evI kathA che. jaina kathA pramANe nAgAjIne pAdaliptAcAryane samakAlina ane rasasiddhi mATe emanI pAse rahyAno ullekha che. eTale zatruMjaya-pAlitANu pAse e rahelo hovo joie. taMbhanapArzvanAthanI kathAmAM nAgArjuna staMbhanapura-zeDhI nadIne kinAre rasanuM staMbhana kare che ema lakheluM che. eTale rasasiddhi mATe nAgArjuna pAtAlamAM AvyuM te gujarAtane kinAre Avyo ema kahI zakAya.53 sAta pAtAlamAM hATakezvarakSetranuM mAtra eka vitala pAtAla kaheluM che.pa4 eTale gujarAtane kinAre agara 48 eka vaDanagara pAse,bIjuM guptakSetra khaMbhAtamAM, trIjuM prabhAsakSetramAM, keI e kSetrane dakSiNamAM paNa laI jAya che. mULa hATake zvakSetra jeke kinArAnA bhAgamAM haze ema spaSTa thavA chatAM taddana cokkasa sthaLanirNaya thaI zakato nathI. khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA mULa pAse gopanAtha ke evI jagyAnA kinArA pAse mULa e kSetra hoya ke akhAtanA kinArA upara paNa hoya. 49 varAhamihira-bRhatasaMhitA, a. 14. nakSatra kUrma vibhAga. 50 vaDavAnala ane Anala sarasvatIne lagatI kathA mATe juo rakaM. pu. prabhAsakhaMDa. 51 amarakeSanAnArtha varga. vana pAtAram . ene vaDavAnala sAthe saMbaMdha che. medinImAM kahe che ke tAruM nAddivare varavAna | Ama pAtAla nAgaloka vivara vaDavAnala badhA paryAya che. para amarakeSa: pAtAlavarga. dAradane mATe TIkAmAM lakhe che ke tAro viSame - vAve hiMgu ghumAna eTale pArata agara higula deza-dakSiNa balucistAnane kinAre vyakta thAya che. pa3 A kathA AgaLa "abhidhAna' prakaraNamAM joI gayA chIe. prabhAvaka caritra abhayadeva prabaMdha. ane tIrthaka5mAM e viSe hakIkata maLe che ane bIjuM jaina lakhANamAM paNa maLe che. 54 juo bhAgavatane uparokta ullekha, ane pairANika kathAkeSamAM hATakezvara zabda. A uparathI samajAze ke pAtAlanA moTA ane anizcita (Vague) vistAramAM hATakezvakSetra athavA gujarAtane kinAre e eka mAtra bhAga che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 229 ' eno eka bhAga sAtamAMthI eka pAtAla gaNAtuM hatuM ema samajAya che. A uparathI sAte pAtAla sAthe letAM IrAnanA kinArAthI hiMdanA pazcima kinArAnA amuka bhAga sudhI pAtAlanI anizcita maryAdA hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. vaidika samayanuM adhabhuvana athavA nIcca deza to siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukhapradeza, eTale siMdhathI gujarAtanA kinArAne pradeza ema ja siddha thAya. pAchaLathI purANAe maryAdA anizcita vadhArI. Aryo (devo) ane asuronA yuddhamAM asure nadIo-siMdhu-sarasvatI-dvArA uttaramAMthI dakSiNamAM nAThA ane Aryo vahANavaTAmAM asura jeTalA kuzala na hovAthI pAchaLa na jaI zakyA55 eTale siMdhu 'sarasvatI nadInAM-mukhonA pradezane adha, nIca, aMdhakAramaya pradeza gaNI ene asuronA vAsa tarIke ane asura jAtinA eka bhAga nAgalokanA vAsa tarIke gaNe. siMdhumukhanA pAtAlanagara uparathI purANee ene pAtAla nAma ApyuM. pAtAla, nAgaloka ane samudra have pAtAlane nAgajAti sAthe ane te banneno samudra sAthe je saMbaMdha te joIe. pAtAla ane nAgalokanuM tAdAmya AgaLa siddha kareluM che. e banneno samudra sAthe gapAtAlane paMjAbamAM ke tArI mAM ke evI bIjI koI jagyAe na mUkavA mATe pUrato che. nAgaloka eTale nAgadvIpa. ene paurANika sthaLanirNaya bhAratavarSanI maitratye thayo che. bIjA eka ulekhamAM nAgadvIpa ne laMkAnI uttara pazcime-vAyavya khUNAmAM-mUkelo che e paNa e vAtane Teko Ape che.56 mahAbhAratamAM samudrane nAnAM gAya kahelo che. mahAvaMzamAM samudranA rAjA varuNane ane sAgarane bannene nAgarAja kahyA che, ane emane saMbaMdha nAgadvIpa sAthe yoje che.pa7 bauddho pazcimane svAmI ApaNuM varuNanI peThe virUpAkSa nAmanA nAgane mAne che.58 nAgadvIpa ane samudramAM nAgo, asuro ane gaMdha rahe che ema bauddha paraMparA che. hiMdu ane bauddha paraMparAo (traditions) nAgane mukhyatve samudra, taLAva, sarovara, nadI, jharA, vagere jaLanI jagyAone adhiSThAtA gaNe che.59 A badhuM nAgajAtino khAsa karIne samudra ane nauyAna sAtheno saMbaMdha vyakta kare che. asurajAtinA peTA bhAga rUpe A nAgatinA hAthamAM vaidika samayamAM, Arya-asaronI laDhAIe vakhate, asurenuM vahANavaTuM ane naukAsainya hatAM. 20 nAgajAtinuM jora vaidika samayamAM kAzamIrathI gUjarAtanA kinArA 44 Asura in India: By A. Banerji Shastri P. 54. "Of set purpose the Aryan in Yajur. veda ingnores the Asura. Except as refugees in outer darkness. The nether regions under the sea, thought those who could not follow them across the water." 45 Vogel: Indian Serpent Lore: P. 119. - 57 mahA. Adi. a. 21-6 ane a. 25-4, boddha paraMparAmAM paNa e pramANe che. juo Vogel: Indian Serpent Lore. P. 32. skaM. pu. ke. . a. 16mAM tAraka sAthe devA laDhavA AvyA emAM jaleza varuNa nAga upara besIne A ema lakhyuM che. (le. pa6). e yuddha purANa pramANe khaMbhAta AgaLa thayuM te joyuM. 58 e ja pR. 32. samudra ane nAga tathA vaNane A saMbaMdha sucaka che. He Vogel: Indian Serpent Lore. P. 3. "Their power over the element of water, Nagas are essentially water spirits." parvatavAsI nAga e nAgalenI eka khAsa peTAjAti che. vRtra-ahi parvatavAsI hovAne ullekha che te uparathI parvata nAgano nivAsa ema thayuM haze. ane naga-parvata uparathI paNa thayuM jaNAya che. paraMtu nAga moTe bhAge samudra-jaLa sAthe ja saMbaMdha dharAve che. 60 Asura in India: P.P. 92.93. nAge asurone eka bhAga hatA. zrI benarajI zAstrIe dhaNA AdhAre ApI A carcA karI che. keTalIka guMcavaNa paNa UbhI karI che. paraMtu mukhya vAta barobara che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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230 pariziSTa 3 sudhI hatuM. asura-nAgonI hAra thatI gaI tema tema teo uttaranA AryasattAnA mulako choDI emanI pitAnI sattAnAM ane jaLane raste ja jaI zakAya tevAM sthaLe-pAtAla-gujarAtathI siMdhanA kinArAoe AvIne vasyA ane Aryo aneka sadIo pachI jema dakSiNamAM vadhatA gayA tema tema nAga-asuro dRkSiNa hiMdamAM AgaLa cAlyA gayA. dakSiNa hiMdamAM nAgajAtinI sattA vakhate emanI eka zAkhA baLavAna vahANavaTI tarIke prasiddha hatI.11 eTale nAgonI vadhelI sattA vakhate kAzmIra sudhI temano vAsa chatAM, ane paDatI vakhate cheka dakSiNamAM gayA chatAM, vaidika samayamAM ane dakSiNamAM jatAM pahelAM temanAM mukhya thANuM siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukhapradeza-gujarAtathI siMdhanA kinArA sudhInA pradeza-upara hatAM. eTale nAgo-asure gUjarAta kAThIAvADa kacchanA pradezamAM eka samaye-hAlanI hiMdu varNamAM na oLakhI zakAya tevI rIte temanuM mizraNa thaI jatAM pahelAM-rahetA hatA ema mAnavAmAM vAMdho nathI. emanuM raheThANuM te badhuM pAtAla. gajarAtamAM nAgapUjA paurANika paraMparA-jema dareka dezamAM banyuM che tema-badalAI gaI tyAre asura bhayaMkara prANIo thaI gayA ane nAga peTe cAlanAra sApa- thaI gayA tyAre emanI pUjA thavA lAgI. A nAgapUjA hAla dakSiNamAM haisUra-malabAra bAju ghaNI che. paraMtu gujarAta kAThIAvADamAM to nAgadevanAM judAM maMdira che. paMjAba ane kAzmIramAM nAgapUjA che ema kahevAya che. paraMtu judAM maMdiro che ke nahi te jANavAmAM nathI. uttara gujarAtamAM tharAda pAse dhImA gAmamAM dharaNidhara-zelanuM moTuM maMdira che jyAM hiMdustAnamAMthI loke bAdhA makavA Ave che.63 kAThIAvADamAM caramAlIAi nAganuM moTuM maMdira cokaDI gAma pAse , che. gagA athavA gogA nAmathI nAgapUjA uttara-pazcima hiMdamAM ghaNI che. paraMtu gujarAtamAM kAsavA gAmamAM gogAnuM maMdira che. sarpapUjA upara moTe graMtha lakhanAra 3. vaeNjela lakhe che ke gogA athavA gugA paMjAba bAjune koI pUjAto vIra haze. paraMtu lokakathA eno vAsuki nAga sAthe saMbaMdha joDe che. vaLI DaeN. vaiojela gogA kayAre thaI gayA te bAbatamAM betraNa lokamAnyatAo Ape che. temAM eka kathA ene pRthvIrAjanA vakhatamAM cohANa jAtino hato ema kahe che. bIjAmAM mahamUda gajhanInA samayamAM mUke che. trIjAmAM auraMgajhebanA samayamAM mUke che. badhA ene vAsuki sAthe joDe che. 14 je e devatva pAmelo vIra hoya $1 Racial Synthesis in Hindu Culture: S. V. Viswanath (Trubner-London) Datej ai. P.P. 77-81. dakSiNamAM mAMDala (cAlamaMDala) kinArA upara nAgajAtinuM eka vakhata bahu jora hatuM. tAmIlamAM nAganI peTA jAtinAM nAma ApelAM che. temAM eLiyAra nAmanI jAta vahANavaTIo tarIke jANItI che. A graMthanA lekhaka zrI vizvanAthe nAgene dakSiNanA vatanI mULathI gaNyA che. paraMtu e bhrama che. nAga dakSiNamAM pAchaLathI prasarelA che. dakSiNanA kharA vatanI dAsa agara dakSya che. asure nA lekhamAM enI carcA karI che. zIlapadI kArama nAmanA tAmIla graMthamAM uttaranA nAgonI eka jAtine uttama vaNakarajAti kahelI che. e graMthamAM nAgaleka cAra jana kahe che ane te varNana manuSyajAtinuM che. kalpita nAga ane kalpita pAtAlanuM nathI. e leAka samudramAM nAza pAmaze ema lakhyuM che. paNa nAgane parvatavArasI paNa kahyuM che je pAchaLanA nAgonuM varNana samajI zakAya. 62 vowel: Indian Serpent Lore. P. 272. malabAramAM dareka hiMdunA bAgamAM eka khUNAmAM eka jhADane vadhavA ! de che. tene nAga tarIke pUje che. tAmIla dezamAM nAgapUjA bahu che. pazcima ghATanA eka UMcAmAM UMcA zikhara upara nAga maMdira che. tenuM nAma subramaNya che. parvatanuM nAma puSpagiri che. 63 e ja pR. 268. 64 e ja pR. 264. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 231 to te vAsuki sarSa kulane hoya ema samajAya che. vaLI dareka kathA ene vAgaDanA mULa vatanI kahe che, eTale kaccha-gUjarAta-kAThIAvADamAM enuM vatana Thare che.65 kAThIAvADamAM vAsuki nAga vAsaMgajI nAmathI pUjAya che. kaccha-kAThIAvADa-uttara gUjarAtamAM nAgapUjA ane nAganAM sthAne ghaNuM che. dakSiNa hiMdamAM nAgapaTTaNa ke nAgarakeIla jevAM sthAne che paraMtu te uttaramAMthI nAgaloka tyAM gayA pachInAM che. gujarAta kAThIAvADa vagere pradezamAM evAM nAga nAma dharAvatAM ghaNAM sthaLo che. kathAsaritasAgaramAM vAsukinuM meTuM tIrtha lATa dezamAM che ane tyAM ghaNuM loka bharAya che. tIrtha pAse moTuM sarovara che ema lakhyuM che. gUjarAta kAThIAvADamAM AhIra-rabArI-kAThI vagere mULa nAgajAtinA gaNAya che. 18 AhIra jAti gUjarAtamAM eka vakhata laDAyaka jAti hovAnuM jaNAya che. 29 rabArIo mULa A jAtiomAM pUjArI hoya ema samajAya che. Aje paNa goganA pUjArIo rabArIo che. dAhoda pAsethI jaDelA eka lekhamAM seliMka samayamAM gujarAtanA eka pradhAne geganArAyaNanuM maMdira baMdhAvyAno ulekha che.70 eTale agIA2mI-bAramI sadImAM juduM maMdira baMdhAya eTale nAgapUjAno mahimA hovo joIe ema siddha thAya che, ane . vaijela dhAre che te karatAM gujarAtamAM e pUjA jUnI hovI joIe ane goga nAma paNa hatvanuM hovuM joIe ema samajAya che. goganA vAgaDanA saMbaMdha ane gUjarAtamAM prAcIna samayathI pUjA thatI tethI goga-vAsuki kulanA nAganuM paNa koIvAra gujarAtamAM ghaNuM mahatva hovAnuM jaNAya che. nAgArjunane vAsuki nAge mALA ApI e jainakathA AgaLa joI gayA te paNa ahIM dhyAnamAM levA jevI che. " eTale nAgalokamAM paNa bhogavatI nagarInA svAmI vAsuki kulanA sarparAjenuM jora A bhAgamAM eka 65 e ja pR. 264. gugA, goga athavA gogA bApajInA nAmathI uttara gujarAtamAM sarSapUjA bahu thAya che, ane rabArImAM VgugAno "vAyara' Ave che ane sarpadaMza e loka utAre che. kAsavAnA gaganuM maMdira meTuM gaNAya che. navAinI vAta e che ke DaeN. vaijale gugA athavA goga upara laMbANathI lakhyA chatAM ane gega vAgaDane vatanI kahyA chatAM gUjarAtamAM enI pUjA saMbaMdhI eka akSare lakhe nathI jyAre paMjAba AdimAM bahu pUjAya che ema lakhyuM che. paMjAbamAM gugAne musalamAne paNa gugApIrane nAme mAne che. gugAne vAyaro rabArIne Ave che, ane e lokane AhIra sAthe saMbaMdha paNa sUcaka che. $9 Vogel: Indian Serpent Lore P. 268. Mr. Watsonal Places of Snake Worship in Kathiawar e lekhano ullekha kare che. thAnamAM nAga maMdira che. tyAM vAsukinI mUrti traNa mAthAMnI che. talasANAmAM pratika che nAganuM maMdira che; caDAmAM cekaDI gAmamAM devAnika caramAlIAnuM maMdira cheH nAgadhanvana (nAgadhanibA) nAgasIrI jenuM nAma nAgapattana che te paNa nAgane saMbadha vyakta kare che. bhUja bhujaMgamapura-kaccha nAga sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. nAgapattana pUrva pattana zabda uparathI meDha haze. e meTuM baMdara hatuM ema mirAte ahamadI kahe che. ene "bArA' kaheluM che te uparathI e sAcuM lAge che. mevADamAM nAgadA gAma che te pUrve meTuM nagara hatuM. nAgadA e nAgahudanuM apabhraMza rUpa che. nAganI kathAnAM bIje gAma kAThIAvADamAM che. 67V opel: Indian Serpent Lore: 202. lATamAM A sthaLa kayuM te patte lAgatuM nathI. 68 Bom. Gaz.: Gujarat Population? Hindus P. 26.. AhIra zabda. P. 450mAM lakhe che ke nAgene rajapUta gayA che. vaLI kADI ane bAbarIAne AhIranA saMbaMdhI kahe che. kA. gejheTIara P.ss7mAM kADI, bAbarIA, AhIra ane mera vacce bheda nathI. jeThavA te mAtra emanuM pejha meTuM kuTuMba che. Aine akabarImAM kAThIne AhIra kahyA - che AhIra ne AbhIra eka che. 69 bhAvanagara prAcIna lekhasaMgraha-1. navAnagara guMdAgAma AgaLa rUddhasiMha kSatrapanA senApati AbhIra bAhakane lekha. 70 A lekha haiM. ha. ha. dhruvane jaDelo. temaNe buddhiprakAzamAM chapAvelo ema yAda che. A lakhatI vakhate buddhiprakAza na maLI zakavAthI cokkasa aMkane AdhAra nathI ApI zakate. For Private and Personal Use Only

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232 pariziSTa 3 vAra sAruM haze ema jaNAya che. A badhA vicAra sAthe karatAM ane uparanI tamAma lokakathAo ane paurANika ulalekhonI carcA dhyAnamAM letAM gujarAta kAThIAvADa kacchanA pradezo-khAsa karIne kinArA, nAga ane asuranAM vatana eka vakhata hatAM ane paurANika pAtAlanA bhAga gatimata ane nAgadvIpa e baMne hiMdanA A kinArA sAthe ghaNo nikaTane saMbaMdha hato te paNa vyakta thAya che. bhagavatI A nAganI pAtAlamAM AvelI nagarI-vAsukinI rAjadhAnI te bhogavatI. nArade karelA bhogavatInA varNanamAM ene amarAvatI jevI kahelI che.71 svarga karatAM tyAM vadhAre sukha hatuM. mahAbhAratamAM potAnI kanyA mATe vara zodhavA jatA IndranA sArathI mAtalI sAthe nA2da pAtAlamAM gayA tenuM varNana che. pRthvI upara UtarI varuNa jalarAja pahelo AvyA pachI nAgalokamAM AvyA.72 Ane artha uttara hiMdamAMthI siMdhune mArge pAtAlamAM AvatAM pAtAlanagara athavA siMdhu mukha AgaLathI samudra zarU thayo te varuNaloka. siMdhumukha AgaLa varuNa athavA salilarAja73 tIrthe prasiddha che. tyAMthI pAtAlanI maryAdA zarU thaI ema samajavAnuM. AgaLa jatAM sAtamAMthI eka pAtAlamAM AvelI bhagavatI nagarImAM e bane AvyA. eTale siMdhunA mukhathI samudra mAraphate kAThIAvADa gujarAtane kinAre avAtuM tenuM e sUcana che. bhagavatIne keTalAka dakSiNamAM parvata upara gaNe che.74 keTalAka prayAga pAse kahe che paraMtu e mAnyatA paraMparAthI avaLI che. pAtAla ane bhAgavatIne samudranI sAthe ja saMbaMdha che. ahIM eka bIjI vAta vicAravA jevI che. bhagavatI nAma sarasvatI nadInuM che.76 ane ene nAgalokanI eka nadI kahelI che.77 hATakezvara varNanamAM 71 Vogel: Indian Serpent Lore P. 83. 72 e ja pR. 82. ahIM nAgalokamAM mAtalI ane nArada pharyA ema lakhatAM kahe che. tyAM varaNanA rAjyanI sattA cAle che ema lakhyuM che. e rIte varUNanuM rAjya eTale samudrano saMbaMdha nAgaloka athavA pAtAla sAthe joDe che. tyAMthI dena hiraNyapuramAM thaI suparNa garaDonA dezamAM gayA ema lakhe che. suparNa garuDa svabhAve krara hevAthI kSatrIya ja rahe che. brAhmaNa thaI zakatA nathI ema kahe che. A varNana A nAgo, garuDe, asura- datya vagere prANuMo hAla mAnIe chIe tevAM nahi paNa manuSya jAtinA hatA ema batAve che. A badhuM varuNanA rAjyamAM-pAtAlamAM che. 73 juo naMdalAla de kRta Dictionary of ancient Indian Geography. pAtAla zabada. 74 rA. bA. De. kRSNasvAmI AyaMgara emanA "South Indian Culture' ane eNe hidane Apela phALo e graMthamAM jAvAnuM zrI bhajanagara te TolemInuM Argyre ane e uragapura ane enuM Alternative bhagavatIpurama hoya ke je uparathI zrI bhojapurama thayuM heya vagere dalIlo kare che te nirAdhAra che. e dalIlo lATane baMgALAmAM mUkavA mATe mahAvaMzamAM sapAraga Ave che te prasiddha sopArAne badale su-pAra sAro kinAre artha laI jAvA-sumAtrAmAM mUke che tenA jevuM nirAdhAra che. emanA uparokta graMthanuM pR. 374-5 juo. Vogele Indian Serpent Lore P. 20-2. rAmAyaNa kiSkidhAkAMDane AdhAre lakhe che. A parvata uparanI bhagavatInagarI anya purANonI samudranI nagarathI judI ane nAga ke dakSiNamAM gayA pachI besADelI che. 75 mahAbhArata vanaparva (nirNasAgara) a. 83. ko. 77 ane 86 bhagavatI vAsukinuM tIrtha ane prajApatinI vedI ema lakhe che. A mAnyatAne samudramAM bhagavatI che e mAnyatA sAthe virodha che ane vAsukitIrtha sarasvatItIre nAgadhanvanamAM che ema mahAbhAratane pitAne (zalya parva) virodha che. eTale prayAga pAse bhegavatI mUkIne mahAbhArate pitAne ja virodha karI sarasvatI nAza thayA pachI ghaNe vakhate e vAta umerI lAge che. 76 juo zrI derAsarI kata pirANika kathAoSa ane Vogel: Indian Serpent Lore 201-2. 77 pirANika sthASa, bhagavatI zabda. nAgalokanI nadI uparAMta svadhunIne trIjo odha paNa ene kahe che ane ravadhunInA For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 233 vitala pAtAlamAM bhogavatI nadIne tIre hATakezvara AvelA che ema lakheluM che.78 hATakezvara mULa nAgalokenA deva che ema paNa purANa kahe che.79 pAtAla, hATakezvarakSetra, prabhAsakSetra gurUkSetra-khaMbhAta, nAgaloka athavA nAgadvIpa ane Anarta deza e badhuM eka ja athavA eka bIjAnAM atyaMta sAhacaryamAM che e AgaLa jeyuM. asala hATakezvarakSetra je nAza pAmyuM che ema purANa lakhe che te sarasvatInA mukhapradezanI lagabhagamAM gUjarAta kAThIAvADanA kinArAnA sAMnidhyamAM levuM joIe e paNa AgaLa joyuM. to e badhAnA sAhacaryavALI nAgalokanA dezanI rAjadhAnI paNa e ja pradezamAM hoya ema mAnavAne vAMdho nathI. je nAmanI nadI hoya te nAmanuM zahera tene kinAre hoya evA dAkhalA hoya che.80 bhogavatI vAsukinI nagarI ane nAgalokanI rAjadhAnI. bhogavatI nAgalokanI nadI. bhagavatI e sarasvatInuM-khAsa karIne tenA nIcalA pravAhanuM nAma, ane ene nIcalo pravAha khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM thaIne hato e carcA AgaLa karI. kAThIAvADamAMthI naLa ane khaMbhAtanA raNane maLatI bhegAvA nadI bhegavatI nAmanuM avazeSa hoI zake. e bhegAvAne bilagA eTale pAtALagaMgA paNa kahe che.81 vaLI mahAbhArata eka jagyAe bhagavatI vAsukinI nagarI prayAga pAse mUke che. e samudrathI dUra hovAne lIdhe paurANika paraMparAthI UlaTI che. paNa e ja mahAbhArata bIjI jagyAe nAgadhanvana je sarasvatIne tIre che tene vAsukinI nagarI kahe che. nAgadhanvanane pa na lAgavAthI vaijela e tIrtha kurukSetramAM sarasvatItIre haze ema nirAdhAra vAta kare che. nAgadhanvana keI paNa jagyAe hoya to te khaMbhAtanA akhAtane kinAre hovAno saMbhava che te sarasvatInA pravAhanA lekhamAM joyuM. A badhuM ema batAve che ke khaMbhAtanA akhAtanI lagabhagamAM bhogavatI nagarI hovI joIe. ke. pu.mAM taMbhatIrthaMmAM nAradIyasara (hAlanuM khaMbhAtanuM nAresara) upa2 nAgalokee pahelAM (purA) tapa kareluM-kadrunA zApane chuTakAro karavA mATe ane tyAM nAgezvaraliMga taLAvanA uttara taTe sthApeluM ema lakhyuM che. e khaMbhAtanA sthaLane nAga sAthe saMbaMdha batAve che. khaMbhAtanuM eka prAcIna nAma bhagavatI che e A vAtane Teke Ape che; joke e nAma keTalA prAcIna samayathI cAlyuM Ave che te kahI zakAya tema nathI. paraMtu khaMbhAta eTaluM prAcIna che ke bhagavatI nAma u52 lakhI te nAgaloka ane pAtAlanI carcAne AdhAre khaMbhAtanuM ja agara enI AsapAsanA keI prAcIna nagaranuM hovAne khAsa saMbhava che. asala hATakezvarakSetra lupta thayuM che ane khaMbhAtanI bhUmine gusakSetra kahe che. khaMbhAta nAmane sAta oghamAM trIje ogha sarasvatI che eTale bhagavatI te sarasvatI gaNAya. 78 e ja hATakezvara zabda jue. 79 ska. 5 ka. naM. a. 39. zlo. 7 thI 9H patA sane rAti Dhi zrI i zvaram tra sthApitta pArtha sahasra yojanochUitam // hATakasya tu liMgasya prAsAdo yojanAyutaH // sarva ratnamayo divyo nAnAzcarya vibhuussitH|| tasArvatti taDhiAM nAnAnAne kartamAH a. 63mAM barbarika pAtAlamAM jAya che tyAM paNa ratnamaya liMganuM nAgaloka sevana kare che ema lakhyuM che. 80 pahelAM A rivAja hato. kaMdapurANamAM khaMbhAtanuM ja nAma mahAnagara ApeluM che. dakSiNamAM kaverIpattana che vagere. vArANasI, zaktimatI e paNa nadI uparathI nagarIne dAkhalA che. (Geo. Dic. of An Ind). 81 bilaga mATe juo kAThIAvADa sarvasaMgraha. pR. 298. sarasvatInA pravAhanA lekhamAM sarasvatInA nIcalA pravAhanI ane te uparanAM tIrthonI paraMparAnA kevI rIte TukaDA thaI gayA che te carcA karI che. pATaNa siddhapura pAsenI sarasvatI ane sAbaramatI vagere e pravAhanA TukaDA uparAMta e bane nadIoe tIrtho paNa vaheMcI lIdhAM che, tema e pravAhane rIte bIjI bAju bhogAvA nadIe bhagavatI nAma jALavI rAkhyuM che. jogAvA nadI naLa ane khaMbhAtanA raNane hAla maLe che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa I 234 staMbhatIrtha sAthe saMbaMdha ane staMbha e hATakezvaranI peThe Adi liMga-suvarNanuM liMga e badhuM paNa sUcaka che.82 ane e badhAMnuM sAMnidhya paNa sUcaka che. vaidika kAlanI paraMparA jhAMkhI dhyAnamAM laI madhya dezamAM besI bhUgoLa lakhanAra purANakArane siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukhapradeze ane tenI AsapAsanA mulakA, samrapAtAla ane enI nagarI bhAgavatI, vagere samudranA garbhamAM lAge e zakya che. te samaye samudra jevI meTI nadIo mAraphate ja uttaramAMthI dakSiNamAM javAtuM e oI gayA. pAtAla ane paNi paNi jAtinA lokane purANAe pAchaLathI daitya eTale yAtudhAna varganA gaNyA che. vedamAM e leAka eka vepArI varga jevA sAmAnya mANaso che te spaSTa che. vaidika yajJayAgAdi na karanArA ane brAhmaNAnena saMteAnArA ane sakhtAithI vyAja lenArA hovAthI daitya vargamAM gaNAI niMdAyA. A paNi e phaniziyana jAtinA vepArI, e jemAMthI viSNuja ane hAlanA vANIA zabda AvelA che te, ema vidvAno mAne che. A phiniziyaneAnuM vatana kayuM te bahu vAdagrasta viSaya hAI ahIM carcAne sthAna nathI. paraMtu vatana tarIke niha teA vasavATa tarIke paNa siMdhu ane sarasvatInA taTa praderoA upara e leAka rahetA ane AryoMnA 82 AgaLa liMgapUjana ane kuMbhatIrthanA paziSTamAM A bAbata keTalIka carcA karI che. nAgarakhaMDa hATakadarane brahmAe tadAkAramAM pUjeluM prathama suvarNaliMga kahe che. AnartanA araNyamAM zaMkaranuM liMga paDI gayAnI je kathAchete akSaraza: prabhAsakhaMDamAM prabhAsakSetramAM paMcaprabhAsamAM Adya prabhAsatIrthanuM varNana karatAM ApelI che; ane nAgarakhaMDanI peThe ja lakhyuM chekeA liMganA pUjanathI svargaprApti thavAnA bhayathI indre prabhAsamAM AvI liMgane vajrathI AcchAdita karyuM, eTale nAgara mane prabhAsa ane khaMDanI kathA pramANe brahmAe sthApeluM AdiliMga (eTale hATakezvara-prabhAsakhaMDamAM e nAma spaSTa nathI lakhyuM) nAza pAmyuM che, e tA spaSTa che. khaMbhAtamAM zAvika-zaivatIrtha nAza pAmI gupta thavAnuM kAraNa bahu moTA mAhAtmyathI garva AvyA tethI gupta thayuM ema lakhyuM che. Adya vagere pAMca prabhAsa joke hAla prabhAsanI pAse batAvavAmAM Ave che paraMtu Adya zabda ja pachInuM prabhAsa hAvAnuM vyakta kare che. paraMparAenI A badhI guMcavaNa sarasvatInuM mukha je addhara (Vague) rIte prabhAsa pAse mUkyuM che tenI lagabhagamAM kAI moDhuM Adya zaivatIrtha nAza pAmI gupta thayAnuM sUcave che. ane e kAraNathI enI paraMparAe judI judI jagyAe vaheMcAI gaI. AgaLa cAlatAM prabhAsakhaMDamAM lakhe che ke rUrU daityane mAravA kumArikA devI pAtAlamAM gaI tenuM tIrtha prabhAsakSetramAM che ane khaladevajI nAganuM svarUpa laI prabhAsa pAse AvelA pAtAlanA vivaramAM gayA ema paNa lakhyuM che. kumArikAkSetra khaMbhAtanA sthaLamAM che te teA jANItuM che. ane tyAM paNa pAtAlanuM vivara hovAnuM kaumArikAkhaMDamAM lakhyuM che. nAgarakhaMDamAM IMdradhumra rAjAnI lAMbI kathA ApI che ane te hATakezvarakSetramAM AvI rahyA ane bhatRyajJa pAse AvyA ema lakhyuM che. e kathAte ja vigatathI kaumArikAkhaMDamAM ApI che ane dridhumnezvara mahIsAgara upara che ema lakhyuM che. bhatRyajJa paNa staMbhatIrthamAM pAzupata dIkSA laI rahevAnuM lakhyuM che. A guMcavaNa paNa hATakezrvarakSetra, prabhAsakSetra ane staMbhatIrthanI para parAe mULa eka para MparAmAM nIkaLI che ane e badhu eka ja athavA ekamAMthI koi kALe bhinna thaeluM ema sUcave che. hATakezvarakSetramAM IMdraghunna je bhAga bhajave che tevA ke tethI vadhAre staMbhatIrthamAM bhajave che. mahI nadInuM nAma IMdraghunnatanayA ane khaMbhAtamAM Idradyumnezvara e vAta khAsa noMdhavA jevI che. e kathA banne khaMDamAM sarakhI hAvAthI hATakezvarakSetra staMbhatIrthanA parama sAMnidhyamAM Ave evuM sUcana che. bhAgavatamAM vitala pAtAlanA hATakezvara pArvatI sAthe oDuM banI rahelA che ane emAMthI hATakI nadI nIkaLe cheAdi varNana, kuMbha ne hiraNyavetasa ane salilanI madhya raheluM, guhya prajApati vagerene baMdhabesatuM lAge che. RgvedamAM dhRtanI nadImAM raheluM hiraNyavatasa bhAgavatanI hATakI nadI ane hATakezvarane maLatuM kahI zakAya. ziva ane temanA liMganA saMbaMdha na baMdhA karatAM jaLa sAthe vadhAre lAge che. zivaliMgane te jaLa ghaNuM priya che. A badhAnA sAthe vicAra karatAM zivanAM mahAbhAratamAM kahelAM nAme mAM A nAmeA vicAravA jevAM che, suvarNaretam, samudra, vaDavAmukha, UrdhvaliMga, menUja, taraMgavi, vikabhina, For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 235 saMsargamAM AvelA hatA e veda uparathI spaSTa thAya che. bhAgavata purANamAM emane pAtAlanA vAsI kahyA che; ane asurAdi jAtio paNa tyAM rahe che ema kahyuM che.83 uparanI tamAma carcA ane pAtala vAsanI asuronI carcA dhyAnamAM letAM paNa pAtAla hiMdane pazcima kinAre ema kare che. e pAtAla sAta che. emAMnAM mukhya nagaramAMnuM eka nagara bhagavatI, te ja nAmanI nadIne tIre vitala pAtAlanA hATakezvara sAthe baMdha besavAthI, nAgalokanA ane sarasvatInA sAhacaryathI, khaMbhAtanA akhAtane kinAre heca emAM bahu zaMkA rahetI nathI. hAla koI bIjA nagaranuM bIjuM nAma bhegavatI jANyAmAM nathI. daMtakathA kharI hoya te khaMbhAtanI prAcInatAno vicAra karatAM khaMbhAtanuM nAma bhagavatI te A prAcIna bhegavatI hoI zake. bhagavatIpu2 ane pAtAlane gUjarAta-kAThIAvADa-kacchanA kinArA sAthe saMbaMdha che e AgalI carcAmAM joyuM. ahIM eka khulAso karavAnI jarUra che. paurANika bhUgoLa hAla je rUpamAM lakhelI maLe. mahAliMga, gudha, mahArNavanipAtavidda, gabhasti, nIraja, ahirmunya. A nAmane artha samajAya tevuM che. ahibudI nAma te bahu sUcaka che. e nAma agiyAra rudramAM paNa gaNe che. emAMne ahi zabda sUcaka che. vedamAM vinA sutomAM ahibunya nAma vAraMvAra Ave che (ekapAdanI sAthe) ane tyAM ene saMbaMdha samudra-jaLa sAthe che. ene artha Dragon (ahi) of the deep e karelo che. liMgapUjA ghaNI prAcIna che e te siddha thaelI vAta che. liMga ane zivanuM parva thI thayuM che. (ka. 5. kedArakhaMDa a.31.parvataliMga)bAkI maLa te zivane, rUdrano ane liMgane saMbaMdha jaLa sAthe che. eTale ThaMbhatIrtha, hATakezvara, nAgaka, vaDavAmukha, sarasvatInuM mukha vagerenuM atyanta sAnnidhya jaNAya che. ahI eTaluM paNa umeravAnI jarUra che ke kaimArikAkhaMDamAM taMbhatIrthamAM kaMde tArakAsurane harAvyuM. nAgarakhaMDamAM e vAta TUMkamAM kahIne e banAva hATakezvarakSetramAM banyo hoya evo dekhAva (a. 70)mAM karyo che. ane a. 71 mAM e daitya paDo tethI bhUkaMpa thayo ane camatkArapura (hATakezvarakSetramAM AveluM)nAM ghara paDI gayAM. Akhare brAhA upara prasanna thaelA kaMde e nagaranuM nAma rakaMdapura rAkhavA kahyuM. AgaLa a. 264 mAM kaMde tArakAsurane harAvavA taiyArI karI tAmravatI nagarImAM rAkha vagADayo. (lo. 8) ema lakhyuM che. te nAgarakhaMDanuM skaMdapura kayuM? tAmravatI e khaMbhAta e te AgaLa siddha kareluM che. te hATakezvarakSetranuM sAnnidhya kayAM? bIjuM liMgapurANamAM brahmA viSNu zivanA mahAliMga-(kuMbha)jene pAra pAmI zakAyuM nathI tenI stuti karatAM eka kALe A pramANe kahe che. hemaliMganI stuti bolI pachI paMcatatvanAM liMga balI pachI kahe che ke "sArasvatAra evAya meghavanilenamaH nA mate anya nAnAM pataye namaH | Ama zivaliMga stutimAM hemaliga, sAraravata ane nAgonApati e badhuM khAsa sacaka che. ane hemaliMga te ThaMbha temaja hATakezvara te spaSTa samajAya che. tene mATe ahIM vAparela sArasvata zabda ane upara lakhyo te vaDavAnala zabda paNa noMdhavA jevo che. vaDavAsukha zaMkaranuM nAma ane sarasvatInA mukha pAse tenuM bhegelika sthaLa te paNa AgaLa joyuM. e rakaMbha hATakezvara, khaMbhAtanA akhAta rUpe sarasvatInuM mukha ane vaDavAmukha e badhAnuM atyanta sAhacarya ke sAnnidhya vyakta kare che. (liga. pu.a.18 . 24) AgaLa adhyAya 51 mAM maMdAkinI nadI jyAM ziva sagaNa vAsa karI rahelA che tenAM vizeSaNe ApelAM che. zivane sema kahyA che ne seminAtha gaNavA ke nahi te spaSTa nathI kaheluM. maMdAkinInAM kanakanaMdA ane naMdA evAM nAma ApyAM che. ane tyAM hajAra brAhmaNonuM vana che ema kahyuM che. A varNana ane maMdAkinI tathA naMdA nAma sarasvatInAM che. (sarasvatInA pravAhane lekha juo) ene pazcima tIre kAMIka dakSiNamAM rudrapurI che ema kahe che. tyAM jagadaMbA sAthe kara hamezAM krIDA karI rahelA che. A pramANe zaMkaranAM tIrtho dareka dvIpamAM parvata, vana, nadI ane arNava saMdhimAM AvelAM che ema kahyuM che. A varNana hATakezvara sarasvatInA nIcalA pravAha upara game tyAM haze tene lAgu paDe che, arNava saMdhi zabda khAsa sUcaka che. TIkAkAra arNava saMdhine samudra ane nadInA saMgama kahe che. Ama arNava saMdhi upara khaMbhAtanI jagyAe zaivatIrthaM hatuM te, agara seminAtha, agara lupta thaelA hATakezvara ja AvI zake. A ane rAmezvara sivAya bIjuM zaivatIrya arNava saMdhi upara nathI. 83 bhAgavata ke pu. a. 24 ane maeNkaDonalanI Vedic Index mAM pANi zabda. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 che temAM sAgarasaMvatakhaMDa-kumArikAkhaMDa e bhArata varSanA nava khaDemAMne mukhya ane varNAzrama dharmanA lokathI vasAelo che. eTale hAlane bharatakhaMDa ema vidvAnoe siddha karyuM che. khaMbhAtanA pradezanuM nAma kumArikA kSetra ema eka purANuM kahe che. e sthaLa bharatakhaMDanI madhyamAM nathI paNa pazcimane khUNe che. chatAM khaMDanuM nAma nA rUpe eNe dhAraNa karI bharatakhaMDamAM mukhya hoya ema dekhAva karyo che. e ja bhAratavarSanA nava khaMDamAMnA bIjA be khaMDa gabhaktimata ane nAgadvIpa je enI pazcima ane naityamAM AvelA che te nAma sasapAtAlanA be bhAga tarIke paNa purANee gaNelA che; ane enI dizA uparathI kumArikAkSetranI najIkamAM e dvIpa Ave che. te kaI zaMkA kare ke bhAratavarSIya bharatakhaMDanA mukhya bhAga jevuM kumArikA kSetra te tenI sImAnI pAra AvelA anya dvIpomAM zI rIte gaNya ane pAtAlamAM paNa zI rIte gaNAya. ema gaNIe to purANune pote lakhelI bhUgoLa sAthe virodha Ave. samayanA moTA ane lAMbA vistAra upara chUTI phelAelI paraMparAone bhegI karI goThavanAra purANakArane A bAbatamAM deSa kADhavo ThIka nathI. je kIpone bhAratavarSanA anya lIpa gaNI mukhya bharatakhaMDathI judA pADIe chIe temAMnA keTalAka Aje bharatakhaMDanA potAnA ja bhAga banI gayA che. dvIpa eTale paNa be bAjue pANa-cAra bAjue nahi e AgaLa joyuM che. gAMdhAra ane brahmadeza Adi dvIpamAM ja de nAme gaNAtA te jude jude samaye bharatakhaMDathI judA paDI gayA ane bhAratavarSanI potAnI paurANika maryAdA lupta thaI. madhya dezamAM besI paurANika bhUgoLa lakhanAra A badhI maryAdAomAM ane jhAMkhI thaelI paraMparAone goThavavAmAM khalana kare te svAbhAvika che. kumArikA kSetra bharatakhaMDa-kumArikA khaMDanI madhyamAM nathI, pazcima khUNe che chatAM tene khaMDanuM nAma ApI agatya batAvI che te siddha kare che ke e agatya kheDanI madhyasthatAnI nathI paNa varSanI madhyasthatAnI ane eka vakhate khaMDanA ane varSanA mukhya vepAranA kendra tarIkenI che. jema pAchaLathI gujarAta ane hidane khaMbhAtane nAme oLakhatA tema. eTale e vAta te lAkSaNika ja gaNavAnI. paraMtu gabhastimata ane nApadvIpa bhAratavarSanA ja dvIpa che ane pAtAlanA paNa bhAga che te bAbatanI ane temanA sthaLanI carcA AgaLa karI te jotAM bharatakhaMDanI pazcima cheDe AveluM khaMbhAta-kumArikA kSetra A dvIponI taddana pAse Thare. vacce thaI vahetI sarasvatI nadI ja bhAratavarSanA be dvIpone judA pADatI hoya ema gAMdhAra brahmadeza vagere uparathI ApaNA pazcima kinArAnA pradezane mATe kahI zakAya. eTale pAtAla ka9panAmaya thaI gayuM ane tenA bhAga dvIpo tarIke vaheMcAI gayA te lAMbA samayanA gALAmAM maryAdAnI cokkasatA pAchaLathI bhULa lakhanAra jALavI zake nahi. purANomAM eka bIjA sAthe ja AvA virodho Ave che ane aneka dezonI maryAdAonAM ThekANAM rahelAM nathI. ApaNA lATa dezanI maryAdA ja keTalI vizALa thaI keTalI saMkocAI che te uparathI A vAta samajAya. eTale khaMbhAtakSetranuM nAma kumArikA kSetra hovA chatAM paNa te cheDA upara hovAthI ghaNuM prAcIna samayamAM tenI maryAdA atyanta sAnidhyanA kapamAM gaNAya ane dUra rahI pAchaLathI bhULa lakhanAra goTALA utpanna kare tevuM lakhe temAM navAI nathI. bhAratanI bhUgoLamAM AvA nAnA goTALA ane pAchaLathI ka95nAmaya thaI bhUminA paDamAM gaeluM AkhuM ye pAtAla A vAtane Teko Ape che. upasaMhAra A lekhamAM ghaNI bAbatonI carcA thaI che. e badhI carcA ane nIcenI TippaNIomAM karelI carcA ane khAsa karIne TippaNa 82 mAM karelI AkriliMga staMbha, hATakezvara, prabhAsakSetra, guptakSetra IndraghumnanI vAta vagerenI carcA, ane AgaLanAM kuMbha ane liMgapUjA, asure, ane sarasvatIne pravAha e traNa pariziSTomAM karelI carcAo e badhuM dhyAnamAM letAM je je phalita thAya che te TUMkAmAM spaSTa rIte For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa I phrI noMdhavAnI jarUra che te A pramANeH-- (1) vedakAlanuM adheAbhuvana agara nIcca deza te siMdhu ane sarasvatInA mukhanA pradeza. (2) e pradeze| asura natinA hAthamAM hatA ane asurA AryoMnI sAthe laDanArI eka jAti vizeSa hatI. (3) nAgaleAkA A asuronA eka bhAga-peTA nita hatI ane jalapravAha tathA vahANavaTuM emanA hAthamAM hatuM. (4) tethI nadImukhA temane tAbe hAI tyAM temanAM khAsa thANAM hatAM. (5) A mukhya vaidika nadIe uttarathI dakSiNa-uparathI nIce vahevAthI paNa nIcenA bhAga adhabhuvana agara nIcya deza kahevAtA ane asuranA vAsane lIdhe AryaMne agamya ane niMdya hatA. (6) e sthaLa upara I.sa. pUrve pAtAla nAmanuM nagara hatuM tenI kendrastha upayeAgitAne lIdhe A nIcca dezanuM pAtAla nAma paDayuM ane asure atyanta niMdya thaI Aryazatru thayA pachI AryAMnA raMgathI raMgAelA paurANikAe pAtAlane bhUminA paDamAM dhakelI kADhayuM, ane asuranA bhayaMkara prANIvizeSa banI gayA. (7) atharvavedanA bhadeva Adi liMga ane paurANika liMgAdbhavamUrti-ziva--kahI zakAya. (8) atharvaMvedanI AryaMtaratA ane liMgapUjAnI mULa AryaMtaratA ane pazcima eziyAnA kinArAthI hiMdanA kinArA sudhInI tenI vyApakatAthI liMgapUrjA asuronI hAya ema gaNI zakAya, ane kuMbha liMgarUpe staMbharUpe agara baMnerUpe eka vakhata pazcima hiMdamAM pUjAtA hatA ema gaNI zakAya. (9) hATakezvara mULa nAgaleAkanA deva, purANA pramANe zradrAe pUjeluM AdiliMga ane suvarNanuM liMga, ane nAgalAka asuronI peTA jAti, e nAgannati staMbha ane hATakezvaranA koI saMbaMdha vyakta kare che. noMdha 82mAM ApelAM zivanAM nAma khAsa vicAravA jevAM che. (10) kuMbhane guhyuprApati hiraNyamaya kahyo che. hATakezvara prathama brahmAe tadAkAra' suvarNamAM banAvI pUchyuM (Realistic Linga) e paNa sUcaka che. (11) mAhena-jo-DerAmAMthI trimukha ziva ane 'taddAkAra' liMganI mUrtie A vAtanI prAcInatA ane bhaugolika vyApatA batAve che, ane pAzupata matane gujarAtanA kinArA sAthe saMbaMdha zvetAM liMgapUjAnA Adya pracAramAM A kinarAe je bhAga bhajavele te siddha karI tenI prAcInatA manAya che tethI vadhAre che ema paNa vyakta kare che. (12) sarasvatIneA pravAha khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM thaI prabhAsanA sAnnidhyamAM samudrane maLate tyAM vaDavAmukha nAmanA deza hateA; A sarasvatInA nIcalA pravAhanuM nAma bhAgavatI hatuM, te vitala pAtAlanI nadI gaNAtI ane hATakezvaranuM tyAM sAnnidhya hatuM. (13) A badhA uparathI hATakezvara je vitala pAtAlamAM gaNAtA ane Anarta dezamAM paNa gaNAtA te sarasvatInA mukha pradeza pAse hovA joie, staMbha sAthenA maLatApaNAthI khaMbhAtanA sthaLanI lagabhaga paNa hAI zake; e eka karatAM vadhAre vAra lupta thayA-eTale e pUnanA vaidikAe nAza karyAM-ane kuMbhakSetra paNa gukSetra thayuM. (14) Ama thavAthI pAchaLanA paurANikAe AkhI paraMparAnA TukaDA karI dareka kSetro judAM karyA. A TukaDA thaelI paraMparAe mULa eka meATI bInA vyakta karatI hAya te! staMbhatIrtha sAmanAtha ane hATakezvara kSetra e badhAne eka karatuM kAI me TuM rovatIrtha gUjarAtane kinAre sarasvatInA mukhanA pradezamAM hovuM oie. (15) pAchaLa asurAnA pariziSTamAM karelI skaMda vizenI carcA dhyAnamAM laI kaMdanA khaMbhAtanA sthaLa sAthenA saMbaMdha khAsa noMdhavA jevA che. nAgarakhaMDanA kaMdapura ane tAmravatInA ullekhA paNa noMdhavA jevA che. skaMde mAhezvara dharmAMnA upadeza karyAM ema purANa pAte kahe che. ahIM eka vAta khAsa noMdhavA jevI che ke kaMdanI mATA deva tarIke pUjana dakSiNa hiMdamAM che. e dezamAM perIya purANa (meATuM purANu) nAmanAM tAmIla graMthamAM kahyuM che ke auddha ane jaina matAnuM era hiMdamAM bahu hatuM te dakSiNa hiMdamAM baMde tADayuM ane uttara hiMdamAM kumArila bhaTe tADazuM. kaMda deva tarIke pUjavA chatAM ATalI aitihAsikatA rahI gaI che. e pAchaLa karelAM anumAnane Teko Ape che. skaMdanI aitihAsakatA For Private and Personal Use Only 237

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238 pariziSTa 3 kare to paNa teno samaya TharAvo bahu muzkela che paNa te bahu prAcIna che eTaluM to kharuM. zivamatane Adya pracAra gujarAtanA kinArA upara thaye e vAtane A hakIkatane paNa Teke maLI zake. ane khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA sAnnidhyamAM ghaNA prAcIna kALamAM koI moTuM zivatIrtha hatuM ane hAlanA svarUpamAM nahi te koI judA svarUpamAM ziva ane liMgapUjA vedakALa jeTalI ja jUnI hatI ane vaidika tathA pAchaLathI jaina, bauddhA ne vaLI pAchA vaidika ema badhAnA e loka sAthe jhaghaDA thatA e badhuM vyakta thAya che. A pramANe muddA AgalI carcAmAMthI nIkaLe che. ane paurANika paraMparAonA AdhAre karelAM A anumAno je kharAM hoya agara kharo rasto batAvanArAM hoya to e uparathI eTaluM to jaNAya che ke gujarAtane kinAre ghaNA prAcIna samayathI vastIvALA ane sudhArelA udyoga ane vepArI varganA vasavATavALo hovo joie. khaMbhAtanuM sthaLa asalathI samRddha, kendrarUpa, ane dhArmika sthAnarUpa hevuM joIe ane Adya liMgapUjAnA sthAnarUpa paNa hovuM joIe. hiMdanA A pazcima kinArA pAse bIjA beTa paNa hovA joie ane e pradezanI bhUgoLa Aja che tethI kAMIka judI paNa hevI joie. A anumAne hiMdanA koI paNa sthaLa karatAM A pazcima kinAre vadhAre jUnI saMskRtivALo ane pAchaLathI bhramaNayugamAM e saMskRtine cAre tarapha vaheMcanAre have joIe ane khaMbhAta agara e sthaLe je nAme je zahera hoya teNe eka vakhata A badhI bAbatomAM ghaNo upayogI bhAga bhajavelo hovo joIe. For Private and Personal Use Only

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wanymMSMO pariziSTa , khaMbhAtanA rAjavaMzanI vaMzAvaLI Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra (1) mirane jAphara najamuddaulA momInakhAna = lagnasaMbaMdha alIAbegama sAthe-alIAbegamate mira abdulahusena pahelA (behitanazIna thayA I. sa. 1743mAM) | dehalAmI momInakhAna, gujarAtanA dIvAna (1723-28)nAM putrI (2) muphatIArakhAnanurUdIna mahammadakhAna mAmInakhAna bIjA (behitanazIna 1783) For Private and Personal Use Only (3) emaNe dattaka lIdhelA te mahammada kulIkhAna (miyAM manna) te I.1743-48mAM khaMbhAtanA subA kainula AbedIna najamakhAna (behitanazIna 1789)nA putra-lagnasaMbaMdha joganI khAnuma (temaNe tathA temanAM patnI bujharga khAnue-momInakhAna bIjAnAM bahene--ucharI moTA karelA tamAmInakhAnanI putrI sAthe www.kobatirth.org (4) phatehaalIkhAna-najamudaulA, mumatAjhumuka momInakhAna trIjA (behitanazIna I. 1823) (5) baMdealI khAna-momIna khAna cothA (behiztanazIna I. 1841) yAvaraalIkhAna (6) husena yAvarakhAna-momInakhAna pAMcamA (bahirtanazIna I. 1880) (7) japharaalIkhAna sAheba-momInakhAna najumakhAna gurUdIna muhammadakhAna phatehaalIkhAna bAkaraalIkhAna baMdealIkhAna alIyAvarakhAna chaThThI (behitanazIna I. 1915)=lagnasaMbaMdha thayo sikaMdarajahAM begama sAheba sAthe. (paheluM lagna machalIpaTTaNanA maulavIsAhebanAM putrI sAthe thaeluM.) (8) neka nAmadAra najamuddaulA, mumatAjhumulka, momInakhAna bahAdura, dilAvarajaMga husenayAvara khAnasAheba bahAdura, momInakhAna sAtamA-hAlanA navAba sAheba takhtanazIna I.sa. 1930. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

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pariziSTa che khaMbhAta rAjyanAM gAmonI yAdI 1 tArApura 30 kaLamasara 59 khAkasara 2 nagarA 31 khaDadhI 60 jApharAbAda 3 nejA 32 dhuvAraNa 61 pAdarA 4 jAlApura 33 haripurA 62 rahela 5 navAgAma vAMTA 34 kAMdharoTI 63 valI 6 motIpurA 3pa uMdelI 64 mItalI 7 gokulapurA 36 naMdelI 65 golANuM hedarapurA sAthe 8 raMgapura 37 zAhapura 66 ANaMdapura 9 jINuja 38 phAMgaNI 67 galiyANuM 10 budheja 39 zakarapura 68 phatehapurA 11 AmalI ArA 40 mahetapura 69 rAmapurA 12 mAlapura 41 luNeja 70 vAdhA talAva 13 AdarUja 42 daheDA 71 Isanapura 14 Tela 43 pAlaDI 72 varasaDA 15 mahIyArI 44 sokhaDA 73 kasArA 16 IsaravADA 45 mAlAnI 74 pacegAma 17 uTavADA 46 bhATatalAvaDI 75 khaDA 18 ja9lA 47 bhImataLAva 76 moTA kalodarA 19 mobhA 48 junI A khela 77 jApharagaja 20 hariyANa 49 navI Akhela 78 nadhAnapura 21 sAyamAM 50 navAgAma bahAra 79 mahemadAvAda 22 kALI taLAvaDI 51 tAmasA 80 vastANuM 23 chataraDI para hasanapurA 81 kAnAvADA 24 kaMsArI 53 guDela 82 rasAlapura 25 nAnA kaLadarA 54 varaNeja 83 iMdaravaraNuM 26 popaTavAva 55 vaDagAma 84 dalola 27 vAlA 56 tarakapura 85 vAkataLALa 28 UMdela 57 pAMdaDa 86 cAMgaDA 29 vAsaNa 58 rehoNuM 87 IdaraNeja A gAmomAM tArApura, nagarA, jINaja, sAyamA, UMdela, kaLasara, zakarapura, vaDagAma, golANA, varasaDA vagere DAM gAma eka hajAranI upara ane pAMca hajAranI aMdaranI vastInAM gaNAya che. tArApura sAruM gAma che. tyAM detyane Tekaro batAvavAmAM Ave che te tArakAsuranuM sthAna manAya che. tArakAsura uparathI tArApura nAma paDavAnuM kahevAya che. nagarA e va nuM khaMbhAta che. nagaraka mahAsthAna enuM jUnuM nAma che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMbeTIka TAvaMs lAlapura tAnasaDa vArasAI meja garamALA 0 deg pAra " aMdhAra vauThA ) (hare malAtaja hA / 7/ 22 ciet zinelo D. ) madhya che khaDatAlApara 60 palANa : 1 kAThIpura /. / Aja hereja ) vaso ' , pAlaDA vIrapu20 9 tI kalAyAtaja ha ) | mALIyala lI, nara pIsavAna ( ! khaDI | hAjI javA , perAma asalAlI khAlI Eii , 0. che. bArI - kolanilapAvAgAma1yA, iMgolI jaga') valIMbArA jaNAtura ! vaheega. d' | '' gAne rara, gAsati gAba - AtAragANola \ : >> SbhAu 1 khapara frIcANAMla. dhotIpuratuM sApa daravayaNa ahevA ! malAtaja mahelAvaE ma nabhoI , bhalA magaLapara gAnArA lokone vinAmuM mAlIvADa , malAtaja | cAMgA ! , mAMgarola nANI vira vIyA bAlatA "lhIbArI koI bhAva dalo) ni I hasojItrA saNAva, * OXY che yAMgaDa gaDA ! pIpaMLAva biAmaNagAma machavAi 0paLo | vAro pAka | 9. vAtAva nira)*lAkhApare te modI ! niravA, vaTAmaS # kambArA mATalADu vAtaMdapurA 1degEzaja %phatepurA rAmapura lAkhANAM 3 - i che mathAze "- varasaMga ) vAghAtaLAva herAnapuJkhAnapura . \ moda | - darapura 'cIkhalIyA lAgapaM nA ke E Talo kanevALa bAvAjInekI, nAnI bora mora bora, JpaTalanane tArApura "A deja valalI polIsa dama, divANA mArA khapAka khAkhasara asalIA havA dhAre gaurava murAra, 0 "g0 talI 1 2vA vasAha : mamarANIyA \ dharama' 6mItalI roNI jarUrI bAda bhImataLAva VAyA yANA 0 oNAya che - gule ja | khAnapura sajapane jalada 16ItavAvaDI trAla, 1/0navAgAma (CchArA * jApaTavAva - vaDalA , lohauddha nAno bhA AkhodjunI ) R : ! 0 bhave T \nArezvara mAta vaDagAma mAdhura vANa, mAthAnAamara che. la0 kalamaepha mamatA 51NAM gavI. 0 , bAjIpara 15 ISIAU khaDola, jalapura [ G Hpare, ga 2 na ka dI TI, kAvI = degAma nAhAra // gaMgavA_ 8 525 khaMbhAta rAjayane nakaze - AvI gherI lITIthI rAjyanI hada batAvI che) &la * 1 iMca =4 mAIla For Private and Personal Use Only

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- 3 bheTa ii, aMbe ja // khaMAbApara zaka palANA - vAladhairA nAlA vArasaMga vIrAza 2 TAvatanaDa aMdhAra - garamAvA0 ja deg alIda- viso ja malAyAta japIja vaoNel & Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vIrapu20 0pAvI | mAchIyala 0 aravalAlI = pILA amarelI naja nAvalI jIdaMDa ( paoNA o khAlI0 pIpAvAga kharAMTa upagaDha. 0 khAreTI -kalavAle | - vezamale AkhaDola0 sAmalI baTavA iMoNlI2 bolI peTrA Dela gANola loTA bolI vairANA dhotIpuratuM ? sAlA ekatA bhUmalI 'nabhoI maMgaLapura , For Private and Personal Use Only o || alaga www.kobatirth.org ExravAra anurA aga / sImaja " | nagama ! devAtalapa vIraDavuM M. (lIMbAsa/maMA vAtalapada navAgAmadegA . ahapura leka , gAnerA30 -kaNasara 0 dehAlI . A. mahezadAvAda , \ palIvaleTavA - 8mAlIvALa" .. malAtaja | na cAMgAya pADagola malAtaja rivayANa eDonA | aDavAva -- mahelAvo bhavADa - muMgaLapura # 1 -nAvaDA )vahotara vIrAja - bilItA" "plIMbAlI che bAMdhaNI 6 davo) ja vAtaja 6 sojItrA saNAvo. - 6 vaTAmaNa ghacAMDA - bArA - jhaphatepurA vAlaMdapurA rAmapurA galApANI ApyA vAghAtaLAva XJ" 02252 cIkhalIdhI tarApa - 13 amoda maNI. 7nevALa taLAva tArApura - loNA daraja .? - panDalI dalapara gAma khAkharA gorADa-f"alIsarA 'jAnAra 9 vADAka - budhaja pAdeza barabAda 6mItalI | e bAlaMkI bocAsaNa bhImataLAva gADA ja . TVS pIpaMLAva suNAuM " bAmaNagAma vasIjIvA paLo | varIba , pAlaja vAra javAnarUNaja , jo kaDhelA che ja ! varga o maNI 2Anapu - nAnI bAMa. proja moTA bore - maybaraDuM- tailI, 1 EY Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir \ dharamaja' alaMganI ' guDala >>rTa javarANI 0 oNAva jarAyANa, tAmaracA, jhAlAzanI mAla nI " dhamAkANIprA nadI -----vIrara16 , TbAmaNavA & raNolI pIpaLoI ja F\ |khAnapura yuvA leDA

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pariziSTa o A saMkRta lekho (1) stNbhnpursthlekhaaH| oM arha // saMvat 1366 varSe pratApAkrAMtabhUtalazrIalAvadIna suratrANapratizarIrazrIalpakhAnavijayarAjye zrIstambhatIrthe zrIsudharmAsvAmisaMtAnanabhonabhomaNisuvihitacUDAmaNiprabhuzrIjinezvarasUripaTTAlaGkAraprabhuzrIjinaprabodhasUriziSyacUDAmINayugapradhAnaprabhuzrIjinacandrasUrisugurUpadezena ukezavaMzIyasAhajinadeva sAhasahadevakulamaNDanasya zrIjesalamerau zrIpArzvanAthavidhicaityakAritazrIsammetazikharaprAsAdasya sAhakesavasya putraratnena zrIstambhatIrthe nirmApitasakalasvapakSaparapakSacamatkArinAnAvidhamArgaNalokadAridrayamudrApahAriguNaratnAkarasya gurugurutarapurapravezakamahotsavena saMpAditazrIzatrujayojjayaMtamahAtIrthayAtrAsamupArjitapuNyaprAgbhAreNa zrIpattanasaMsthApitakoiDikAlaGkArazrIzAntinAthavidhicaityAlaya zrIzrAvakapauSadhazAlAkArApaNopacitapasamarayazaHsaMbhAreNa bhrAtRsAharAjudeva sAhaboliya sAhajehaDa sAhalaSapati sAhaguNadhara putraratna sAha jayasiMha sAhajagadhara sAhasalaSaNa sAharatnasiMha pramukhaparivArasAreNa zrIjinazAsanaprabhAvakeNa sakalasAdharmivatsalena sAhajesalasuzrAvakeNa koiDikAsthApanapUrva zrIzrAvakapoSadhazAlAsahitaH sakalavidhilakSmIvilAsAlayaH zrIajitasvAmidevavidhicaityAlayaH kAritaAcandrArkaM yAvannandatAt // zubhamastu / zrIbhUryAt zramaNasaMghasya / zrIH / 1A lekha khaMbhAtanA taMbhana pAzvanAthanA maMdiramAMnI eka zilA uparathI lIdhela che. e alAuddIna khilajInA vakhatane che. ahIM ApelA khaMbhAtanA A saMskRta lekhamAMnA pahelA cAra munizrI jinavijayajI saMpAdita "prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgrahamAMthI utAryA che. jijJAsue vadhu vigata mATe e graMtha jo. pAMcame vaDavAnI vAvane lekha "buddhiprakAza'nA 1930nA jAnyuArI aMkamAMnA khaMbhAtanA bhadrazaMkara zAstrInA lekha uparathI utAryo che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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242 pariziSTa o // 0 // arha // zreyAMsi pratanotu vaH pratidinaM zrInAbhijanmA jino __ yasyAMkasthalasImni kezapaTalI bhinneNdrniilprbhaa| sotkaMThaM pariraMbhasaMbhramajuSaH sAmrAjyalakSmyA . . . . . . __ * * * * * * viTaM(*)kaMkaNakiNazreNIva saMbhAvyate // 1 // sevyA pArzvavibhurnatau phaNipateH saptAsya cUDAmaNi saMkrAntaH kila yo'STamUrtirajani spssttaassttkrmcchide| yadbhaktaM dazadigajanavajamabhitrAtuM tathA(*)sevituM yaM yatpAdanakhAvizattanurabhUdekAdazAMgo'pi saH // 2 // tryailokyAlayasaptanirbhayabhayapradhvaMsalIlAjaya stambhA dustarasaptadurgatipuradvArAvarodhArgalAH / prItiprokSitasa(*)ptatattvaviTapiprodbhataratnAGkarAH zIrSe saptabhujaGgapuGgavaphaNAH pArzvaprabhoH pAntu vaH // 3 // lokAlokalasadvicAravidurA vispaSTaniHzreyasa dvAraH sAraguNAlayastribhuvanastutyAGgripaGkeruhaH / za()zvadvizvajanInadharmavibhavo vistIrNakalyANamA Adyo'nye'pi mudaM janasya dadatAM zrItIrtharAjaH sadA // 4 // daityArirniyatAvatAraniratastatrApi kAlaM mitaM trAtArkendu bhavAnvavAya(*)puruSAste'pi truTatpauruSAH / 2 lekha khaMDita che. khaMbhAtamAM kuMthunAthanA maMdiramAMthI e maLI Avelo. 31816 IcanA ghaLA paththara upara e che. Akho haze tyAre A lekha lAMbo ane uparI levo joIe For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pariziSTa o www.kobatirth.org kaH kartA ditisRnusUdanamiti dhyAturvidhAtuH purA sandhyAmbhazculukAdbhaTo bhavadasiM daityaiH samaM kampayan // 5 // caulukyAdamutaH samudrarasanoddhAraikadhaureyatA duddha (*)rSAdudabhRdvadaMcadabhayazcaulukyanAmAnvayaH / jAtAstatra na ke jagattrayajayaprArambhanirdambhado stambhastambhitavizvavikramacamatkArojjitA bhRbhujaH // 6 // teSAmuddAmadhAmnAmasamatamamahaH saMpadAM sampradAyai vIrazrIdarpaNAnAM divasapatiriva dyotako'bhUt rAjArNorAjanAmA raNarudhiranadIzoNamaNadhimaraNo Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhArairdviTtraiNasAMdrAMjananayanabhavaiH zyAmatAmAnayadyaH (*) // 7 // yasyAsiH samarAmbare budharavadvArA prapAtai ripustrIgaNDastanabhitticitraracanAH smartavyamAtrAH sRjan / tene kAmapi tAM pratApataDitaM yasyAdyutiyatate 'dyApi sthaannullaattlocndinsvaamyaurvvvhnicch(*)laat|| 8 // aGgacaGgImataraGgitaraGgA raGgadulvaNAMguNapraguNazrIH rAjanItiriva yasya narendorvallabhA'jani salakSaNadevI // 9 // tasminnindukalopadaMzakasudhA kalpadrudattAsava svAdebhyo dyutadhUjanAdharara(*)saM sambudhyamAne'dhikam / tatputro lavaNAbdhitIravilasadvIrapraNAdo jaya prAsAdo lavaNaprasAdanRpatiH pRthvyAH prapede patiH // 10 // raNapraNunnArimanaHprasAdaH sadharmmakarmmAptazivaprasAdaH (*) / dAnapratA nakSataviprasAdaH kasyAnamasyo lavaNaprasAdaH // 11 // For Private and Personal Use Only 243

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 244 khedI cedIzvarobhRdurubhayataralaH kuntalaH kAmarUpaH kAmaM niSkAmarupaH kalahakalahayacchedazIrNo dazArNaH / kAmbojastra (*) TayadojaH sthitiratisaralaH kerala: sUrasenasvAmI niHzUrasenaH prasarati parito yatra digjaitrayAtre // 12 // ramya sarvaviSayAdbhutalakSmIkAnanA zikharijAtimanonyA (jJA) / preyasI madanadevIra mandaM ta ( ) sya saMmadamadatta mahIva // 13 // kiM no svapnatayAtha nirjaratayA mRtyuMjayatvena vA nityaM daityajayodyamena nayataH prANapriyAkelayaH / ityarti sadA raNairdanujanurnirdhAraNairdvAruNai lumpatyatra (*)suto'sya vIradhavalo bhAraM babhAra kSiteH // 14 // zrIdevyA navyanIlotpaladalapaTalI kalpitA kelizayyA sphurjabAhUSmavahnornikhilaripuvanaproSiNo dhUmapaMktiH / vIratve dRSTidoSocchu ( )yavilayakRte kajjalasyAMkaleSA (khA) pANau kRSTArilakSmyAH zlathatarakabarI yasya reje'siyaSTiH // 15 // bhUpasyAsya pratApaM bhuvanamabhibhaviSyantamatyantatApaM jAne jJAnena matvA pRthudavathubhiyA pUrvameva pratene / (*) vahnirvezmAgrabhAle zazikara zizirasvardhunIsannidhAne vArddhAvauva nivAsaM punariha mihiro majjanonmaJjanAni // 16 // gaurIbhRtabhRjaGgamarucirA rucipItakAlakUTaghaTAH / akalaGkitavidhRtyavidhuryatkI(*)rttirjayati zivamRrttiH // 17 // For Private and Personal Use Only pariziSTa o

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245 pariziSTa o bahuvigrahasaGgaracitamahasA dhanaparamahelayA shrityaa| jayalakSmyeva sadevyA vayajaladevyA dideva nrdevH||18|| tasmin zambhusabhAsadAM vidadhati prauDhaprabhAvaprabhA prAgbhAraiH parameza(*) darzanaparAnandaspRzAM vismayam / tajanmA jagatIpativijayate vizvatrayIvizrutaH zrImAna vizvaladeva ityaribalasvAnteSu zalyaM kSipana // 19 // yaM yuddhasajamiva cApadharaM nirIkSya svapne vipakSanRpatiH prati . . . . (1) .... .... .... / ..... .... .... to jAtaM vighnavidhvaMsadaivataM // 1 // zaTha dalakamaThena grAvasaGghAtamuktaM prazamakulizavaDheH (2) .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... zriyaM vaH ||2||audaa sinyena yeneha vijitaaraativaahinii|paarshvnaathjinN naumi kaumAraM mArasaMstutam // 3 // (3) .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... dinodayaM sa cakre guru gaganAbhyuditaH shsrkiirtiH||4|| saMvat 1165 varSe jyeSTa vadi 7 some sajaya(ti) (4) .... .... .... .... .... .... pAti jaganti ||5||divye garjaramaNDale 'tivipule vaMzo'tidIptadyutizcaulukyo viditaH parairakalitaH zvetAtapatrojjvalaH ||maa ku A lekha khaMDita che ane khaMbhAtamAM citAmaNapArzvanAthanA maMdiramAMthI maLI Avelo che. 32419 IcanuM kada che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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246 pariziSTa o (5) ..... .... .... .... pAgatonijabhujopAluM ca rAjyazriyam // 6 // zrImAn lUNigadeva eva vijayizambhuprasAdoditastasmAdvirarasaikavIradhavalaH putraH prajApAlakaH (6) .............. jayI yenAdhIzamudasya kandamiva taM kIrteH punA ropitaM // 7 // ripumalapramardI yaH pratApamalla IDitaH / / tatsUnurarjuno rAjA rAjye'janyarjuno paraH ||8||uu (7) ......... .... kti vijayI pressaaN| tannandano'ninditakIrtirasti jyeSTo'pi rAmaH kimu kAmadevaH // 9 // ubhau dhuraM dhArayataH prajAnAM pituH padasyAsya ca dhuryakalpau / kalpadrumau (8) ..... ......... Naubhuvi rAmakRSNau // 10 // zrIstambhatIrthaM tilakaM purANAM stambhaM jayazrImahitaM mahadbhiH / Aste puraM prauDhimamoDhavaMze subhUSite bhUpativarNanIye // 11 // nidarzanaM sAdhususatyasandhau vaM (9) .............. kIrtirAmaH / khalAkhyayA yo vidito mahaddhirvRddhiM gato dharmadhanI vinItaH // 12 // rUpalakSaNasaubhAgyadharmAdAnanidarzanaM jAtA yA prauDhanArISu sAto'sya bAdaDA ... // 13 // saM . . . (10) .... .... .... dezAtsAdhvI hyakAjinapArzvacaityaM yanmaNDalaM nAgapateH phaNAgraratnaM nu kiM punnymuurttmsyaaH||14|| avikalaguNalakSmIvikalaHsUnurAjaH samabhavadiha puNyaH zIlasatyA sa (11) .... .... .... lamudayasthaM hyetayoryena cakre raviriva bhuvanaM yo mAnitaH sarva lokaiH // 15 // savitRcaityasya puraH sumaNDapaM yo'kArayatpUjyasudharmamaNDanaM / svasA ca tasyAjani ratnasajJikA suratnasUryA dhanasiMhagehinI For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa o 247 (12) // 16 // bhiimddjaalhnnkaaklvyjlkhiimddgunnimaadyaaH| tayorbabhUvustanayA nijavaMzo ddhrnndhaureyaaH||17|| pitRvyakasutaiH sArddha yazovIro yshodhnH| pAlayannasti puNyAtmA zaivaM dharma jinasya ca (13) // 18 // AsvaDaputrau * * * sumadanapAlAbhidhau dhanyau vRttAnanditalokau prItyA rAma lakSmaNasadRkSau (shau)||19|| jAyA jAlhaNadevItti svjnkairvkaumudii| tasya putrau tayA prasutau zabdArthAviva bhAratIdevyA // 20 // (khe) talaH kSitipati (14) guNigaNyo yo'cchalakaliyugaM suvivekAta siMhazAvavadabhIvijayAdisiMhavizruta ilendurayaM kiM // 21 // divaM gate bhrAtari tasya sUnau lAlAbhidhe dharmadhurINamukhye zreyorthamasyaiva jinendracaityai yeneha jI (15) rNoddharaNaM kRtaM tu // 22 // jayatAdvijayasiMhaH klikumbhaikvidaarnnaikkRtytnH| nija kulamaNDanamAnurguNI diinoddhrnnklptruH||23||svRttvimlkiirtistsyaasiigunnvNshbhuuH puNyapaTodayakSmAbhUta paThapa * * * (16) padIdhiti // 24 // anUpamA nAma suvRttato'pi zriyAdidevItyubhaye tu jaaye| puroga bandhorabhavazva tasya kAntA varA sahavI dharmazIlA // 25 // devasiMhaH suto'pyasya meruvanmahimAspadaM dIpavada dyotitaM yena kulaM cArthIyamA . . . . (17) // 26 // gurupaTTe budhairyo yazaHkIrtiyazonidhiH / tadbodhAdarhataH pUjAM yaH karoti trikAlajAM // 27 // huGkAravaMzajamahardhamaNIyamAnaH zrIsANaH praguNapuNyakRtAvatAraH / tArezasannibhayazojinazA(18) sanA) niHzeSakalmaSavinAzanamavyavarNaH // 28 // siMhapuravaMzajanmA jayatAkhyo vijita ensHpkssH| zubhadharmamArgacArI jinabhUmau nanu ca kalpataruH // 29 // pralhAdano mahAbhavyo jinapUjAparAyaNaH / pAtradAnAmRtenaiva kSAlitaM vasudhAta For Private and Personal Use Only

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248 pariziSTa o (19) lam // 30 // aparaM ca atrA'gamanmAlavadezato'mIsapAdalakSAdatha citrakUTAt / A bhAnujenaiva samaM hi sAdhuryaH zAmbhadevo vidito'tha jainaH ||31||dhaandhurbudhH sAdhukalhUH prabuddho dhanyo dharitryAM dharaNIdharo'pi / zrIsaGghabha . . . . (20) munimAnasAdhullistathA rAhaDa iSTadarzI // 32 // sAdhurgajapatirmAnyo bhUpavezmasu srvdaa| rAjakAryavidhau dakSo jinazrIskandhadhArakaH // 33 // naraveSeNa dharmo'yaM dhAmA nAmA svayaM bhuvi / sutottamo vinIto'sya jinacintAmaNiprabhuH (21) // 34 // nAmnA nabhopatirihAdhipamAnanIyaH sAdhuH subhaktaH suhRdaH prasiddhaH / noDekitaH sAdhumadAtkadApi yo dAnazauNDaH subhasau (zau)NDanAmA // 35 // dhehaDo'pi sudharmasyaH sAdhuH somazca saumyadhIH / dAnamaNDanasaubhAgya ........ (22) kaH satAM mataH // 36 // ajayadeva iha prakaTo jane tadanu khetahariH kuzalo jyii| anujapUnaharirharivikramaH sujananAma ihApi parizrutaH // 37 // salakSaNo bApaNa nAmadheyo dedo vidAM zreyatarazca sAdhuH / sanA.........." (23) purendro jinapUjanodyato ratno'pi ratnatrayamAvanArataH // 38 // chAjuH sudhIH paNDita mAnamardanaH sAdhuH sadAdAnaratazca jainaH / ete jinAbhyarcanapAtrabhaktAH zrIpArzvanAthasya vilokya pUrjA // 39 // sambhya sarvairvidhivatsu(24) bhavyapUjAvidhAnAya vivekadakSaiH / zrIdharmavRddhaH prabhavAya zazvatkIrtisthitiH susthitakaM mahadbhiH // 40 // vastrakhaNDatathA kussttmurumaaNsiisttNknnaa| carmaraGgAdyasadvyamAlatyA vRSabhaM prati // 41 // eko drammastathA / . . . . . (25) maaltiilghuvstutH| guDakambalatailAdyataGaDAdivRSa prti||42||shriipaarshvnaathcaitye'smin dramArdU sthitake kRtaM / bhavyalokasya kAmAnAM cintAmaNiphalaprade // 43 // saMvat 1352 varSe zrIvikramasamatItavarSeSu For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa o 249 (26) trizatA samaM dvipaJcAzadvinairevaM kAle'smina ropitaM dhruvaM // 44 // yAvattiSThanti sarvajJAH zAzvatapratimAmayAH / tAvannanyAdime bhavyAH sthitakaM cAtramaGgalam // 45 // zrImAna sAraGgadevaH puravaramahitaH stambatIrthaM sutIrtha naM(27) dyAcaityaM jinAnAmanaghagurukulaM zrAvakA daandhnyaaH| nAnAtejAdhanAdyAH sukRtapathapuSo moSanAmAharAvhadevo rAjAdidevo jinabhavanavidhau mukhyatAM ye gatAste // 46 // bhAvADhayo bhAvabhUpasva(28) janaparivRto bhojadevo'pi dAtA jaine dharme'nuraktAH zrutiguNasahitAH sAlharanau vadAnyau / anye ke'pi santaH sthitakamiha sadA pAlayantyatra vRddhiM puSNantasteSu pArthoM vidadhatu vipulAM ' . . . . (29) tI tAmahAzrIH 47 ||ch||64|| prazastiriyaM likhitA Tha0 somena utkIrNA mUtra0 pAlhAkena // (4) ||oN // zreyaH santatidhAma kAmitamanaH kAmadrumAMbhodharaH pArthaH prItipayojinIdinamaNizcintAmaNiH pAtu vaH / jyotiHpatirivAbjinIpraNayinaM padmotkarollAsinaM sampattirna jahAti yaccaraNayoH sevAM sRjantaM janam // 1 // A lekhacitAmaNa pArzvanAthanA maMdirane haze ema dhAravAmAM Ave che. A maMdira bIjuM citAmaNajInuM maMdira hovuM joie. karyuM e nakkI thai zakayuM nathI. A lekhamAM khaMbhAtanA prasiddha vepArI vahANavaTI ane kAvInA vatanI parIkha vajaA ane rAjI nAmanA akabaranA vakhatamAM thaI gaelA bhAIone ulekha che. vadhu vigata mATe lekhane graMtha vi. lekhane cheDAne gadya bhAga bIjA kaI ravataMtra lekhane lagatuM hoya ema zrI jinavijayajInuM mAnavuM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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250 parizi o zrIsiddhArthanarezavaMzasarasIjanmAbjinIvalabhaH pAyAdvaH paramaprabhAvabhavanaM zrIvarddhamAnaH prbhuH| utpattisthitisaMhRtiprakRtivAg yadgIrjagatpAvanI svarvApIva mahAvratipraNayabhUrAsId rasollAsinI // 2 // AsIdvAsavavRndavanditapadadvandvaH padaM sampadA tatpaTTAMbudhicandramA gaNadharaH zrImAna sudharmAbhidhaH / yasyaudAryayutA prahRSTasumanA adyApi vidyAvanI dhatte santatirunnatiM bhagavato vIraprabhorgauriva // 3 // babhuvuH kramatastatra shriijgccndrsuuryH| yaistapAbirudaM lebhe bANasiddhayarkavatsare (1285) // 4 // krameNAsmin gaNe hemavimalAH sUrayo'bhavan / tatpaTTe sUrayo'bhavannAnandavimalAbhidhAH // 5 // sAdhvAcAravidhipathaH zithilataH samyakzriyAM dhAma yai ruddadhe stanasiddhisAyakasudhArocimmite (1582) vatsare / jImRtairiva yairjagatpunaridaM tApaM haradbhibhRzaM sazrIkaM vidadhe gavAM zucitamaiH stomairsollaasibhiH||6|| padmAzrayairalamalaM kriyate sma teSAM prINanmanAMsi jagatAM kamalodayena / paTTaH pravAha iva nirjaranirjhariNyAH zuddhAtmabhirvijayadAnamunIzahaMsaiH // 7 // tatpaTTapUrvaparvatapayojinIprANavallabhapratimAH / zrIhIravijayasariprabhavaH zrIdhAma zobhante // 8 // For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa o 251 ye zrIphatepuraM prAptAH shriiakbrshaahinaa| AhUtA vatsare nandAnala zazabhRnmite (1639) // 9 // nijAzeSeSu dezeSu zAhinA tena ghoSitaH / pANmAsiko yaduktyocairamAripaTahaH paTuH // 10 // sa zrIzAhiH svakIyevu maNDaleSvakhileSvapi / mRtasvaM jIjiAkhyaM ca karaM yadvacanai hau // 11 // dustyajaM tatkaraM hitvA tIrtha zatrujayAbhidham / jainasAdyagirA cakre mAzakreNAmunA punaH // 12 // RSIzrImeghajImukhyA lumpAkA matamAtmanaH / hitvA yacaraNadvandvaM bhejurmuDA ivAmbujam // 13 // tatpaTTamabdhimivaramyatamaM sRjantaH stomairgavAM sakalasantamasaM harantaH / kAmolasatkuvalayapraNayA jayanti sphUrjatkalA vijayasenamunIndracandrAH // 14 // yatpratApasya mAhAlyaM varNyate kimitaH param / asvapnAzcakrire yena jIvanto'pi hi vAdinaH // 15 // sundarAdaramAhUtaiH zrIakabarabhUbhujA / drAg yairalaMkRtaM lAbhapuraM padmamivAlibhiH // 16 // zrIakabbarabhUpasya sabhAsImaMtinIhRdi / yatkIrtimauktikIbhUtA vAdivRndajayAbdhijA // 17 // For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 252 www.kobatirth.org itazca zrIhIravijayAhvAnasUrINAM zAhinA purA / amArimukhyaM yaddattaM yatsAttatsakalaM kRtaM // 18 // arhantaM paramezvaratvakalitaM saMsthApya vizvottamaM sAkSAt zAhiakabbarasya sadasi stomairgadAmudyataiH / yaiH saMmIlitalocanA vidadhire pratyakSazaraiH zriyA vAdonmAdabhRtodvijAtipatayo bhaTTA nizATA iva // 19 // sairabhI saurabheyI ca saurabheyazca sairabhaH / na hantavyA na ca grAhyA bandinaH ke'pi karhicit // 20 // yeSAmeSa vizeSoktivilAsaH zAhinA'munA / grISma taptabhuve vAbdapayaH pUraH pratizrutaH // 21 // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir uccairucchalitAbhirUrmitatibhirvArAMnidhe bandhure zrIgandhArapure purandarapuraprakhye zriyA sundare / zrIzrImAlikUle zazAGkavimale puNyAtmanAmagraNI yugmam / jitvA viprAn puraH zAheH kailAsa iva mUrttimAn / yairudIcyAM yazaH stambhaH svo nicakhne sudhojjvalaH // 22 // pariziSTa o rAsIdAhaNasI parIkSaka maNirnityAspadaM sampadAm // 23 // AsIddelhaNasIti tasya tanujo jajJe dhanastatsutastasyodAramanAH sanAmuhalasI saMjJo'bhavannandanaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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253 pariziSTa o tasyAbhUtsamarAbhidhazca tanayastasyApi putrorjuna stasyAsIttanayo nayorjitamatirmImAbhidhAnaH sudhii||24|| lAlUrityajaniSTa tasya gRhiNI padmeva padmApate ribhyo'bhUttanayo'nayozca jasiAsaMjJaH suparvapriyaH / paulomIsurarAjayokhi jayaH pitrormanaHprItikRd viSNoH sindhusuteva tasya jsmaadeviitibhaaryaa'bhvt||25|| saddharma sRjatostayoH pratidinaM putrAvabhUtAmubhA vasyeko vajiAbhidhaH sadabhidho'nyo rAjiAhvaH sudhIH / pitroH premaparAyaNau sumanasAM vRndeSu vRndArako zarvANIsmaravairiNoriva mahAsenaikadantAvimau // 26 // Adyasya vimalAdevI devIva zubhagAkRtiH / parasya kamalAdevI kamaleva manoharA // 27 // ityabhUtAmubhe bhArye dvayorbAndhavayostayoH jyAyaso meghajItyAsItsanuH kAmo hareriva // 28 // yugmam / susnigdhau madhumanmathAviva mitho dasrAviva prolasa drUpo khyAtibhRtau dhanAdhipasatInAthAviva pratyaham / anyedhurvRhadibhyasabhyasubhagaM zrIstambhatIrthaM puraM prAptau puNyaparamparApraNayinau tau dvAvapi bhrAtarau // 29 // tatra tau dharmakarmANi kurbANau svabhujArjitAm / zrIyaM phalavatIM kRtvA prasiddhi prApatuH parAm // 30 // For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 254 www.kobatirth.org kA biladikpatirakabbarasArvabhaumaH svAmI punaH paratakAlanRpaH payodheH kAmaM tayorapi puraH prathitAvimaustastattaddizorasadRzoranayoH prasiddhiH // 31 // teSAM ca hIravijayapratisindhurANAM teSAM punarvijayasenamunIzvarANAm / vAgbhirmudhAkRtasudhAbhirimau sahodarau drAg dvAvapi pramuditau sukRte babhUvatuH // 32 // zrIpArzvanAthasya ca varddhamAna prabhoH pratiSThAM jagatAmabhISTAm / ghanairdhanaiH kArayataH sma bandhU tau vArddhipAthobdhikalAmite'bde 1644 // 33 // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrIvijayasena rirnirmame nirmamezvaraH / imAM pratiSThAM zrIsaGghakairavAkarakaumudIm // 34 // cintAmaNerivAtyarthaM cintitArthavidhAyinaH / nAmAsya pArzvanAthasya zrIcintAmaNirityabhUt // 35 // aGgulairekacatvAriMzatA cintAmaNeH prabhoH / saMmitA zobhate mUrtireSA zeSAhisevitA // 36 // sadaiva vidhyApayituM pracaNDa bhayapradIpAniva saptasappan / yo'vasthitaH sapta phaNAn dadhAno vibhAti cintAmaNipArzvanAthaH // 37 // For Private and Personal Use Only pariziSTa o

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pariziSTa o www.kobatirth.org lokeSu satasvapi suprakAzaM kiM dIpradIpA yugapadvidhAtum / rejuH phaNAH sapta yadIyamUrdhni maNitviSA dhvastatamaH samUhAH // 38 // sahodarAbhyAM sukRtAdarAbhyAmAbhyAmidaM dattabahupramodam / vyadhAyi cintAmaNipArzvacaitya mapatyamurvvIgharabhitsabhAyAH // 39 // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nikAmaM kAmitaM kAmaM datte kalpalateva yat / caityaM kAmadanAmaitat suciraM zriyamaznutAm // 40 // uttambhA dvAdaza stambhA bhAnti yatrArhato gRhe / prabhUpAstyai kima'bhyeyuH stambharUpabhRtoMzavaH // 41 // yatra pradattadRkzaitye caitye dvArANi bhAnti SaT / SaNNAM prANabhRtAM rakSArthinAM mArgA ivAgateH // 42 // zobhante devakulikAH sapta caitye'tra zobhanAH / saptarSINAM prabhupAstyai sadvimAnA iveyuSAm // 43 // dvArapAla yatraucaiH zobhete jinavezmani / saudharmezAnayoH pArzvasevArthaM kimitau patI // 44 // paJcaviMzatirutaGkA bhAnti maGgalamUrtayaH / prabhupArzve sthitAH paJcavatAnAM bhAvAnA iva // 45 // For Private and Personal Use Only 255

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 56 www.kobatirth.org bhRzaM bhUmigRhaM bhAti yatra caitye mahattaram / kiM caityazrIdidRkSArthamitaM bhavanamAsuram // 46 // yatra bhUmigRhe bhAti saupAnI paJcaviMzatiH / mArgAlikhi duritakriyAtikrAntihetave // 47 // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir saMmukho bhAti sopAnottAradvA ridvipAnanaH / antaH pravizatAM vinavidhvaMsAya kimIyavAn // 48 // yadvAti dazahastocaM caturasraM mahIgRham / dazadikUsampadAM svairopavezAyeva maNDapaH // 49 // SaDviMzatirvibudhavRndavitIrSNaharSA rAjanti devakulikA iha bhUmidhAni / AdyadvitIyadivanAdharavIndudevyaH / zrIvAgyutAH prabhunamaskRtaye kimetAH // 50 // dvArANi paJcAni paJca bhAntIha nagRhe / jighatsavo'hohariNAn dharmmasiMhamukhA iva // 51 // start dvAdezau rAjato bhramidhAmani / mUrtimantau camarendradharaNendrAviva sthitau // 52 // catvArazcamaradharA rAjante yatra bhUgRhe / prabhupArzve samAyAtA dharmmAstyAgAdayaH kimu // 53 // bhAti bhUmigRhe mUlagarbhAgAre'tisundare / mUrttirAdiprabhoH saptatriMzadaMgulasaMmitA // 54 // For Private and Personal Use Only pariziSTa o

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pariziSTa o 257 zrIvIrasya trayastriMzadaGgulA muurtiruttmaa| zrIzAntezca saptaviMzatyaGgulA bhAti bhUgRhe // 55 // yatroddhatA dharAdhAmni zobhante daza dantinaH / yugapajinasevAyai dizAmIzA ivAyayuH // 56 // yatra bhUmigRhe bhAnti spaSTamaSTa mRgArayaH / bhaktibhAjAmaSTakarmagajAn hantumivotsukAH // 57 // zrIstambhatIrthapUrbhUmibhAminIbhAlabhUSaNam / caityaM cintAmaNervikSya vismayaH kasya nAbhavat // 58 // etau nitAMtamatanu tanutaH prakAzaM yAvat svayaM sumanasAM pathi pusspdntau| .. zrIstambhatIrthadharaNIramaNIlalAmaM tAvaciraM jayati caityamidaM manojJam // 59 // zrIlAbhavijayapaNDitatilakaiH samazodhi buddhidhanadhuryaiH / likhitA ca kIrtivijayAbhidhena gurubAndhavena mudA // 6 // vaNinIva guNAkIrNA sadalaGkRtivRttibhAg / eSA prazastirutkIrNA zrIdhareNa suzilpinA // 61 // zrIkamalavijayakovidazizunA vibudhena hemavijayena / racitA prazastireSA kanIva sadalaGkRtirjayati // 62 // iti zrIparIkSaka pradhAna pa0 vajiA pa0 rAjiAnAmasahodaranirmApitazrIcintAmaNipArthajinapuGgavaprAsAdaprazastiH sampUrNA / bhadrabhUyAt // For Private and Personal Use Only

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258 pariziSTa o ____oM namaH / zrImadvikramAtIta saMvat 1644 varSe pravarttamAnazAke 1509 gaMdhArIya pa0 jasiA tadbhAryA bAI jasamAde samprati zrIratambhatIrthavAstavya tatputra pa0 vajiA pa0 rAjiAbhyAM vRddhabhrAtRbhAryAvimalAde laghubhrAtRbhAryAkamalAde vRddhabhrAtRputrameghajI tadbhAryAmayagaladepramukhanijaparivArayutAbhyAM zrIcintAmaNipArzvanAtha zrImahAvIra pratiSThA kaaritaa| zrIcintAmaNipArzvacaityaM ca kAritaM / kRtA ca pratiSThA sakalamaNDalAkhaNDalazAhizrIakabarasanmAnitazrIhIravijayasUrIzapaTTAlaGkArahArasadRzaiH zAhizrIakabbaraparSadi prAptavarNavAdaiH shriivijysensRribhiH|| vaDavAnI vAvane lekha zrI zrI zrI zrI zrI zrI shriipaatshaahshriimhmmRdshaahnsiirdiinvijyraajye| zrImAn vIraH zrImahammRdazAho jambUdvIpakSoNipAlairupAsyaH / yena trAtA dakSiNAzAnRpazrIH so'yaM jIyAcchazvadAnandasindhuH // 1 // zrIpAdazAhamahamRdanarAdhipendraH zrImannahammadanRvIrasuto'tidhIraH / zUrAvadhivijayate jitamAlavezaH saMgrAmabhUmiSu dhanurdhatimAtrayatnAt // 2 // sa jayati jagataH kartA jAto yannAbhipaGkajAdbrahmA / sRjati prajAH samastA munisuranaradaityabhedataH satatam // 3 // marIciriti tasya sutaH sUnustasyeha kazyapo jayati / sakalasurAsuramAnavajanakastapasAM sa rAzirikha mRtaH // 4 // For Private and Personal Use Only

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259 pariziSTa o tasmAt sa kazyapamunerjagadekacakSurAvirbabhUva bhagavAnaditau supalyAm / tejonidhigrahapatistamasAM nihantA caNDAMzubhAnumihirAbhidhayA prasiddhaH // 5 // tena prasAdAtizayena vaMzaHpraSThApitaH zrImihireNa bhUmau / tadvaMzajAH khyAtimagutrilokyAM te maihirA ityatipuNyavantaH // 6 // vaMze tasminnajani rajanIkAntavidyotamAno vittezAdapyadhikavibhavo vaijalyAkhyaH prsiddhH| AsIdasyApyatha sutanayaH sohaDaH sarvamAnyo nAnyo yasya vrajati tulanAM sadguNaiH ko'pi loke // 7 // catvAro'muSya putrAH samajaniSata te vAnarAdyA vadAnyAH dvaitIyIko'ya rAmastadanu ca vijayI zrImukundo mahaujAH / sanmANakAnuyAyI vividhaguNanidhiH zrImurArizcaturthoM mAtA rUDIti nAmnA samabhavaducitA kAzipuryekavAsA // 8 // mukunda iti nAmA yo'janiSThAsya sunandanaH / palI tasyA'bhavadrAjU nAmnI zrIdhanadAmbikA // 9 // putrastasyA'tha dhanyaH sakalaguNanidhiH zrIdhanAnAmadheyo bhAmAdevIti bhAryA samabhavadaparA pUrinAmA'sti ysy| vApI candrAzmanaddhAM sarasi vaDuvake'cIkaradviSNutRptyai zazvatsaJcittahaMso jagati vijayate zrImati stambhatIrthe // 10 // vApIkUpataDAgasatravividhaprasAdaviprasthitimAdhAnyodakaviprapUrvahuvidhA''rAmAdidAnAni ca dhanyasya dvijavallabhasya sutarAM suzraddhayA kurvatastRptiM yAti mano na yasya sa dhano jIyAt satAM sammataH // 11 // For Private and Personal Use Only

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210 pariziSTa o bhrAtA'sya jagatImAnyaH sAIyAhvo guNAkaraH / putrapautrairyuto dhanyaH kAmaM jIyAjchataM samAH // 12 // dhanadasuto balarAjo lIlAdevyAstu jIvanaM jytaat| yaM dadhatI nijagarbhe zobhananAmA ramAsamA jagati // 13 // naptAro vijayantAM guNanidhayaH shriinRsiNhdaasaadyaaH| avaraH sukhadAsAhvo janiSyamANAH pare putrAH // 14 // zrImannRpavikramArkasamayAtItasaMvat 1539 varSe bhAdrapadasudi 8 gurau meharazrImukundasutameharazrIdhanAkena sakalalokahitArthaM iyaM vApI kAritA, shriirstu| prazastikArakavAcakebhyaH ||shriiH|| tathA sUtradhArarAjAsutavanA sUtradhAradevadAsasutapetA, etAbhyAM rcitaa| yAkcendrazazAGko yAvanmemahAgiriH sthaayii| acalA yAvadvasudhA tAvannandantviyaM vApI // 15 // ||AUM|| zrIgaNezAya namaH // datte'zvagajazreNisampattiM zrIgajAnanaH / santuSTaH siddhikAmAn vaH karotu karuNAnidhiH // 1 // lakSmIjAnipadAmbhojaM natvA'bhISTArthasiddhidam / prazastiracanAM kurve vApyAH zrIdhanadasya ca // 2 // jaganmaGalarUpeha nAgavallIti vishrutaa| tadArAdhanato varNastAmbUlIti prathAmagAt // 3 // tatra prAdurbhavadvaMze sohddaavijlaatmjH| muktA muktipurI yena kAzikA kArikA dhanaiH // 4 // For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pariziSTa o www.kobatirth.org prAsAdAH zivazakticaNDamahasAM lakSmIpaternaikadhA. nAgAsyasya ca vedavedazazabhRtsaMkhyAnvitA rakSitAH tIrthe stambhapurAbhidhe'tra satataM zrIsohaDenoccakaistatpuNyaM kila veda cet sa bhagavAn sarvajJamRrttiH zivaH // 5 // athA'jani sutastasya mukunda iti nAmataH / zrImukundapazambhojajAtapaTcaraNasthitiH // 6 // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir asti tasyAtmajaH puNyakRtAmagresaro mahAn / vikhyAtaH zrIdhanAnAmA vadAnyo'vanimaNDanam // 7 // yo mAsAnRtusammitAn haripurImadhyAsya cakrAGkitaM / kRtvA svIyakalevaraM dvijagaNairyuktazca sabandhubhiH / lokAn durgRhapAzataH katipayAn datvA dhanaM bhUrizo | dhanyo'mocayadannadaH sudhanado jIyAddayAvAridhiH // 8 // yo'yajalakSahomena nIlaM ca udavAhayat / tulApuruSadAnAdyairbhUya harimapujat // 10 // vApIkUpataDAgasatravividhaprAsAdaviprasthitikSmAdhAnyodakaviprapUrbahuvidhA''rAmAdidAnAni ca / dhanyasya dvijavallabhasya sutarAM suzraddhayA kurvata - tRtiM yAti mano na yasya sa dhano jIyAt satAM sammataH // 9 // prabandhavalitAM vAsazreNIM brahmapurIM navAm / annapUrNAM dvijemyo'dAt yaH sa jIyAddhanAmiva // 11 // For Private and Personal Use Only 261

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 262 www.kobatirth.org dayAparivRDheneyaM vApikA kAritA DhA / pUrNA kSIropamainIraiH sa jIvatu zataM samAH // 12 // sAdhusvAdurasopetaiH radasIyairjalairvibhuH / dhanadasya hRdambhojasthAyI prINAtu mAdhavaH // 13 // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir gRhAgnibhUtendumite varSe (1539) zrInRpavikramAt / nabhasye sitapaJcamyAmindau vApI sunirmitA // 14 // durbhikSe dAruNe kAle varSe sAdhAraNA'bhidhe / anannAmajalaprAyAM vIkSya sarvAM vasundharAm // 15 // kAmasyAGkanakAmena dhanadeva mahIyasA / kAritA jIvalokasya jIvanAya suvApikA // 16 // dhanado balarAjena yuktaH putreNa dhImatA / pautraizca bhAtRbhirvazyaiH sahito jayatAcciram // 17 // zrIrastu // 5 // dvijAMghripadmapIyUSasevanAptasukhodayaH / prazastimakarodramyAM halAkhyo nAgaro dvijaH // 18 // yAvaddazadizAM pAlAH yAvatkSIrAmbudhiH sthiraH tAvadrAjatu vApIyaM zrImaddhanadakAritA // 19 // For Private and Personal Use Only pariziSTa o zubhamastu / zrItambolIyajJAtIyamihirazrImukundasutamihirazrIdhanAkena sakalalokajIvanAya iyaM sumattavAraNajAlagavAkSa pradezazobhitA kAritA, sUtradhArarAjAsutavanAkena sUtradhAradevadAsasutaSetAkena kRtA / astu kalyANaM prazastivAcaka zrAvakajanAnAm // zrIH //

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pariziSTa o 213 nagarAmAM jAdityanA maMdiranA lekha zrI saMvat 1292 varSe ASADha sudi 7 ravau zrInAradamunivinivAsita zrInagarakamahAsthAne saMvat 90 varSIya ativarSAkAlavazAdatipurANatayA ca Akasmika zrIjayAdityadevamahAprAsAdapatanavinaSTAyAM zrIranAdevImRtau pazcAt zrImatpattana vAstavya prAgvAT Tha0 zrIcaMdapA(mA)tmaja Tha0 zrIcaMDaprasAdAMgaja Tha0 zrIsomatanuja Tha0 AzarAjanaMdanena Tha0 kumAradevIkukSisaMbhUtena mahAmAtya zrIvastupAlena svabhAryAmahaM zrIsomaputra . . . mideva zrIjayAdityadevapalyA zrIrAjaladecyA mRrtiriyaM kAritA shubhmstu|| zrI saMvat 1292 varSe ASADha sudi 7 ravau zrInAradamunivinivAsita zrInagarakamahAsthAne saMvat 90 varSIya ativarSAkAlavazAdatipurANatayA ca Akasmika zrIjayAdityadevamahAprAsAdapatanavinaSTAyAM zrIranAdevImUtau pazcAt zrImatpattana vAstavya prAgvAT Tha0 zrIcaMdapA(mA)tmaja Tha0 zrIcaMDaprasAdAMgaja Tha0 somatanuja Tha0 zrIAzarAjanaMdanena Tha0 zrIkumAradevIkukSisaMbhUtena mahAmAtya zrIvastupAlena svabhAryAyAH Tha0 kAJcakamatyAH rAjakukSibhavA zrIlalitAdevI pRNyArthamiti... dityadeva kIrtiH zrIrannAdevImUrtiriyaM kaaritaa|shubhmstu|| (zrI mAzaM32 zAstrIme yApekSA na 752thA) mAtane sAne nAre bhAvanA pAtIrtha semamA mAtanu staMbhatIrtha mane baMbAvatI ema eka ja kalAkamAM be nAmavALo ullekha - zrIstaMbhanAdhIzajinezapArthaprasAdasaMpAditasarvasaukhyam / traMbAvatIti prati nAmadheyaM zrIstambhatIrtha nagaraM prasiddham // (yA sema 253012 / yAtanA che.) prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha, kAvItIrtha lekha. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa va phArasI lekho masIdanA uttaranA bAraNA upara lekha je alAhane mATe vakapha karyuM che temAMthI A che. jANe ke A mubAraka tummA marijada ane tenI ImArata kula jamAtane mATe tenA pitAnA khAsamAMthI che. je allAhe tenA phejala ane bazizathI ApyuM e mAtra alAha taAlAne mATe che. vidvAna ane Adila sulatAna mahamadazAha bIna taghalakhazAha sulatAnanA rAjayanA vakhatamAM allAha taAlAnI dayAnI AzA rAkhanAra nabaLA baMdA dAlatazAha mahemada Abarane allAhe tenI tenI mArata apAvyuM. A bInA thaI tA. 18 mahorrama sane 25 hajarI. vaju karavAnA heja uparane lekha musalamAna lokonI kozizathI A jUnuM he ja sArI chata sahita tApIra karavAmAM AvyuM. batAvavA mATe mane tArIpha kahI ke A pAka karavA mATe ghaNe cazo (hoja) che. (3) jumA masjidanA TAMkA uparane lekha A pANInA TAMkAnA ane hojamAM pANI nAhI karavAnA kAmamAMthI sane 1030 hAjarImAM phurasada maLI. sArA kAmanI preraNA karanAra allAhane sauthI kamatarIna darajajAne baMde alI bIna abannabI bagadAdI. (4) jumA masjidanI dakSiNa tarapha AvelI mATI kabara uparane lekha mubAraka zahIda, khudAe dayA karelA ane gunAha mApha karelA nabaLA baMdA, mahAna IjajatavALA, AkhI duniyAmAM prakhyAtI pAmelA jakIuddaulA vaddIna maleka pIrUja nAme belAvavAmAM AvatA, umara Igna ahamada hAjarUnI A kabara che. allAha taAlA tenA upara dayA kare, ane tene mAphI Ape, ane tene svargavADImAM mukAma Ape. Izvara tene upara dayA kare. te budhavAre sane 734 hIjarInA saphara mahInAnI 15mI tarIke gujarI gaye. jumA masjidanI dakSiNa tarapha AvelI nAnI kabarane lekha khudAe dayA karelI ane gunAha mApha karelI bAI, strIone mATe abhimAnanuM kAraNa ane kanyAene mATe mugaTa, marahuma khAjA husena zailAnInI dIkarI ane marahuma maleka para ja bIna nura kahI bolAvavAmAM AvatA jakAuddIna umara kAjarUnI dhaNIANI bIbI phAtemAnI A kabara che. tA. 20 savAla sane 783 hIjarImAM gujarI gaI. * A lekhenA tarajAmA gaharaalI DesubhAI zekhe karelA te uparathI nakala karI che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa che 265 maeNjisTreTa korTanI pUrva AvelI nAnI jUnI (pahelI) kabara uparane lekha allAhe dayA karelA ane gunAha mApha karelA, allAha taAlAnI davAnI AzA rAkhanArA, vepArIene mATe abhimAnanuM kAraNa, sauthI mahAna zeTha, khAjA jalAluddIna bIna mahamada bIna alI makhuM gelAnInI A kabara che. zukravAranI rAtre sane 28 hajarInA ramajana mahInAnI pAMcamI tarIke te gujarI gayA. mejisTreTa korTanI pUrve AvelI bIjI kabara uparane lekha allAhe dayA karelA khAna jalAluddIna bIna alI sulatAna gelAnInI A kabara che. budhavArane divase sane 979 hIjarInA maherama mahInAnI bAvIsamI tArIke te gujarI gayA, traNa daravAjA uparane jUne lekha akabarazAhanA vakhatamAM A sArA pAyAvALo mane hara bajAra pUrepUro taiyAra thayo te managamatuM che; tethI 'Isatabarapha ane khA" nAmanAM lUgaDAMthI tene zaNagAravAnI jarUra nathI. khIrade (kavinuM nAma) tenA pUrA thayAnI tArIkha lakhI ke "imArato khuzakAraka che ane bajAra khUbasUrata che. sane 992 hIjarI. lAlabAgane lekha mirajhAM bAkarane bAga (vAva) ghaNe sAro che je manoharatAmAM IramanI vADI jevo che. A mubAraka vADI banAvavAno varasa vicAratAM "svargavADI" thAya che. sane 1107 hajarI. IdagAhane lekha A lekha barobara vaMcAtA nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa 4 khaMbhAta saMsthAnanI bAdazAhI sanado mogala zahenazAha zAhaAlame hIjarI sane 1210mAM najamanakhAna bahAdurane ApelI sanada IlAhI huvala ajhIjha AlIzAhI sAhebe Alama bAdazAhajhAdae valIehada mirajhA akabarazAha bahAdura muallA tA. 6 rabIula avala sane 38 juluse vAlA pharIthI jAherAta karI guruvAra tA. 19 mAhe zavAle mukarama sane 38 juluse mubAraka muallA muApheke sane 1210 hIjarI mutAbika uradI beheta mahIne. kudasI alakAba- bulanda janAba-AlamI Ana maAba - pharajanda bajAna paivanda-saAdatamanda- barakhuradA2 - kAmagAra - manasure atyAravAlA nasabe AlI tabA2- guladastae bustAne sulatanata-bAnIe mAnIe mAdalata - samarae dahae ajamata - kue bAzie saAdata - gurae nAsIyae hazamata-zaphalivAe nusarata-hijhababIzae dilAvarIva dIlerI-zaha savAre jAlAnagAhe zIramaradI vazIrI - durraturAje khilAphata--akhtare bura je saAdata - hAmIe dine matIna-muragvije ehakAme saiyadula musalIna -misabAhe abada-surage jahAnAbAnI-mualsise AsAse guragAnIkaraze dadamAne sAheba kirAnI - bAdazAhajhAdae Alama va AlamIna - nUre hadakae jahAna va jahAnI Ana- nUre came rAhatula kuluba-raphIula kadara bulanda makAna - alamukhatasa ba mayAmane malake mananAna -mehabate anavAra InAyate Ijade subahAna - pratinidhi pATavIkuMvaranA vakIlanA patravyavahArathI. ane AkAzanA mAnavAlA darabAranA kamatarIna khAne jada bazirAmanI vAke nagArI (samAcAra noMdha)nA vakhatamAM lakhavAmAM Ave che ke duniyAnA saghaLA lokoe mAnelo hukama kADhavAmAM Avyo ke najamakhAna bahAdara cha hajA2 mudata ane pAMca hajAra caMcaLa savAre temaja dileraraMganA pharIthI jAherAta karavI For Private and Personal Use Only

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267 pariziSTa che khitAba (pratiSThA nAma)thI ane kAnizAnanI bagneizanI padavIthI UcI padavI bhogavanAra thAya. vAkeA tArIkha agIAra mAhe zavAla sane 38nI yAdInI sanada mujaba lakhyuM. kudasI alakAba - bulanda janAba - AlamIna maAba-pharajandA bajAna paivanda-saAdatamanda- barakhuradAra - kAmagAra - mansure atyAra - vAlAna be AlI tabAra-guladastae bustAne sulatanata - banIe mAnIe mAdalata- samarae dahae ajamata- karyae bAsirae saAdata - gue nAsIyae hazmata -rAphae lavAe nusarata - hijhabare bIzae dilAvarI va dilerI - zaha savAre jalAnagAhe zImaradI va zIrI - durraturAje khilAphTaakhtare buraje saAdata - hAmIe dIne matIna - muravie ehakAme saiyadula muralIna -misabAhe aLada - YrUge jahAnAbAnI - mualsise AsAse guragAnI -kurUge kadamAne sAheba kirAnI - bAdazAhajhAdae Alama va AlamIna -nare hadae jahAna va jahAnI Ana-nUre came rAhatula kuluba-- raphIkala kadara bulanda makAna-alamukhatasa bamayAmane malike mananAna-mahAte anavAre InAyate ijade subahAna - AlAhI sAhebe Alama bAdazAhajhAdA pATavI kuMvara mirajhA akabarazAha bahAduranA vakIlonA dakta (patravyavahAra)nI samajatI e kevAkae nagArI (samAcArane dhabuka)mAM dAkhala karavAmAM Ave. karavAmAM Ave. samatI ke sAda (majUrI) mujaba amala mIrajhA akabarazAha bahAduranA datanA zerAnI pATavI kuMvara bAdazAhajhAdA sAhebe Alama UMcI padavIthI UMcI padavI bhogavanAra thAya. (pratiSThAnAma) ane TaMkAnizAnanI baSNizanI hajAra caMcaLa sArA ane dilera jaMganA khitAba karanAra najamakhAna cha hajAra mudAta ane pAMca maherabAnI ane bembrizathI AzA che ke vakIla sahI sAthe ophisamAM AvI ke bAdazAhI najamakhAna bahAduranA vakIlanI arajI khAsa sAda (mArInI sahI) nakale khate anavara (pAdazAhanA lekhanI nakala) @ he ane nizAna cha hajAra muddAta ane khitAba pAMca hajAra caMcaLa savAra 5000 relTk w lakhyuM tArIkha mahIno sadara sane majakura juluse vAlA For Private and Personal Use Only

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268 pariziSTa sanadanI pUThe zera vAkeA sAthe mubila karo pahelI rabIula avvala sane 38 svAhA (hakIkatanI dhabuka)mAM lakhavAmAM AvyuM. sAdaarajI lakhavAmAM AvI 7 rabIula avala sane 38 syAhAnAmA sAthe pharIthI arajI mukAbila karI. zAhe Alama bAdazAhe gAjhI bahAdurakhAne jhAde mIra ehamadaalIkhAna muajaja pheTurIstamAM dAkhala che. tA. 6 rabIula avvala sane 38 svAhAmAM dAkhala karI cAhe paheAMcatAM hajUranA tyAhA mujaba che. 11 zavAla 38 mukAbila thaI ane harItamAM che. zAha Alama bAdazAhe gAjhI phIivIe bagni rAma mIma bAdazAhe gAjhI bina hajarate zAha Alama mIrajhA mahommada akabarazAha bahAduranUre dada sAheba kirAnI khulAsAe aulAde guragAnI nUre dIkae khilAphata kuree baserae sulatanata ena tA. 22 bAvIsamI mAhe jIkAda sane 38 juluse vAlA nakala lAkae kulanI ophisamAM pahoMcI. vAva tA. 22 bAvIsamI jIkAda sane 18 juluse vAlA vAkae kulanI nedhabukamAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvI. vAva For Private and Personal Use Only

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- - bAdazAhI sanado DAbI bAjuthI : (1) mAMgala zahenazAha zAha Alame hIjarI sane 121 0mAM najamakhAna bahAdurane ApelI sanada tathA tene pAchaLanA bhAga (2) e ja sAlamAM zahenazAha zAha Alame cAvalIkhAna bahAdurane ApelI sanada tathA tene pAchaLanA bhAga Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

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pariziSTa che mogala zahenazAha zAhaAlame hIjarI sane 1210mAM yAvaraalIkhAna bahAdurane ApelI sanada IlAhI huvala ajhIjha AlIhI sAhebe Alama bAdazAhajhAdae valI ehada mirajhA aDabarazAha bahAdura muallA tA. 6 rabIula avvala sane 38 juluse vAlA pharIthI jAherAta karI guruvAra tA. 19 mAhe zavAle mukarama sane 28 juluse mubArake mualA muApheke sane 1210 hIjarI mutAbika uradI beheta mahIne. pharasI alakAba- bulanda janAba-AlamI Ana maAba-pharajanTa bajAna paivanda-saAdatamanda- barakhuradA2- kAmagAra- manasure banyAra - vAlA nasabe AlI tabA2- guladastae bustAne sulatanata-bAnIe mabAnIe mAdalata-samarae dahae ajamata- kue bAziesaAdata-gue nAsIyae hamata-zaphaelivAe nusarata-hijhabarebIzae dilAvarIva dIlerI-zaha savAre jalAnagAhe zIramaradI va zIrI-durraturAje khilAphata -are bura je saAdata - hAmIe dIne matIna-muragvije ehakAme saiyadula muralIna - misabAhe aLada - pharU jahAnAbAnI - musise AsAse guragAnI - phurUe dudAmAne sAheba kirAnI - bAdazAhajhAdae Alama va AlamI Ana - nUre hadakae jahAna vajahAnI Ana- nUre came rAhatula kuluba- raphIkala kadara bulanda makAna -- alamukhata ba mayAmane malike mananAna - mahabate anavAre InAyate Ijade subahAna -pratinidhi pATavIkuMvaranA vakIlonA patravyavahArathI. ane AkAzanA mAnavAlA darabAranA kamatarIna khAne jAda bazirAmanI vAke nIgArI (samAcAra nedha)nA vakhatamAM lakhavAmAM Ave che ke duniyAnA saghaLA lokoe mAnelo hukama kADhavAmAM Avyo ke yAvaraalI khAna bahAdura pAMca hajA2 muddAta ane cAra hajAra caMcaLa cheDesavAranI padavIthI ane kAnizAnanI zizathI UMcI padavI bhegavanAra thAya. vAkeA tA. pharIthI jAherAta karavI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 277 agIAra mAhe rAvvAla sane 78nI yAdInI sanada mujaba lakhyuM. - kudRsI alakAba-bulandu janAba - AlamIna maga-drajanda mundrana jaivanda-saAdatamaMda - barakhuradvAra -kAmagAra - mansure atyAra- vAlA nasabe AlI takhAra - guladastae khustAne sulatanata-bAnIe mabAnIe mAdalata-samarae dauDue ajamata - kurrae khAsirae saAdata - gurrae nAsiyae hasmata - rAe livAe nusarata - hijhAre bIzae dilAvarI va dilerI - zahasavAre vhelAnagAhe zIramaradI na zArI-durratuttA2e khilAphata - akhtare buraje saAdata - hAmIe dIne matIna - muranvije ehakAme saiyadula murasalIna "misAhe akhada - juge jahAnakhAnI-muasise AsAse guragAnI -juge kUdamAne sAheba kirAnI-khAdazAhajhAdae Alama 1 AlamIAna - nUre hadakae jahAna 1 jahAnIJAna - nUre came rAhatula kulubaraphIkala kadara bulanda makAna-alamukhatasa ! mayAmane milake mananAna - mahubate anavAre InAyate ijade sukhahAna -AlInahI sAhebe Alama bAdazAhajhAdA pATavI kuMvara mirjhA akabarazAha bahAduranA vakIleAnA dakata (patravyavahAra)nI samajutI e vAkae nIgArI (samAcAra nedhabuka)mAM dAkhala karavAmAM Ave. ke www.kobatirth.org amala karavAmAM Ave. nA zerAnI samajUtI ke sAda (maMntrI), mujaba Alama mirajhA akabarazAha bahAduranA daskRtavanAra thAya. pATavI kuMvara pAdazAhajhAdA sAhebe DaMkAnizAnanI aScirAthI UMcI padavI bhAgaane cAra hantara caMcaLa savArAnI padavIthI ane karanAra (yAvaraalIkhAna) pAMca hantara muddAta maherabAnI ane ambrizathI AzA che ke vakIla khAsa sahI sAthe AphisamAM AvI ke bAdazAhI yAvaraalIkhAna bahAduranA vakIlanI arajI sAda (maMjUrInI sahI) nakale khate anavara (pAdazAhanA lekhanI nakala) kAnizAna pAMca hantara muddAta cAra hantara caMcaLa savAro 4000 lakhyuM tArIkha mahInA sadara sane majakurantuluse vAlA pariziSTa o *chuM . lelkx a?

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pariziSTa go 271 sanadanI pUThe zera vAo sAthe mukAbila kare pahelI rabI ula avala sane 38 svAhA (hakIkatanI ghabuka)mAM lakhavAmAM AvyuM. sAda- arajI lakhavAmAM AvI 7 rabIula avala sane 38 syAhAnAmA sAthe pharIthI arajI mukAbila karI. zAhe Alama bAdazAhe gAjhI bahAdurakhAne jhAde mIra ehamadaalIkhAna muajaja mude lA tA. 6 rabIula avvala sane 38 svAhAmAM dAkhala karI sthAhe pahoMcatAM hajAranA svAhA mujaba che. 11 savAla 38 mukAbila thaI ane pheharIstamAM che. pherostamAM dAkhala che. zAha Alama adazAhe gAjhI phIdavIe baza rAma mIma bAdazAhe gAjhI bina hajarate zAha Alama mIrajhA mahommada akabarazAha bahAduranUre dIdae sAheba kirAnI khulAsAe aulAde guragAnI nUre hadAe khilAta karIe bAserae sulatanata ena tA. 22 bAvIsamI mAhe jIkAda sane 38 juluse vAlA nakala vAkae kulanI oNphisamAM pahoMcI. vAva tA. 22 bAvIsamI jIkAda sane 38 juluse vAlA vAkae kulanI dhabukamAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvI. vAva For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa au AdhArabhUta graMthonI yAdI saMskRta Rgveda saMhitA-sAyaNa bhASyopetA. amarakoSa (nirNayasAgara). atharvaveda saMhitA. mahAskaMdapurANa-kaumArikAkhaMDa (vyaMkaTeza presa). kedArakhaMDa nAgarakhaMDa revAkhaMDa prabhAsakhaMDa padmapurANa (AnaMdaAzrama). liGgapurANa (vyaMkaTeza presa). bhAgavatapurANa. mahAbhArata-Adiparva (bhAMDArakara rIsarca insTITayUTa AvRtti ane nirNayasAgara AvRtti). , sabhAparva udyogaparva vanaparva sabhAparva anuzAsanaparva , zatapathabrAhmaNa. prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha (AcArya jinavijayajI). zrIprabhAvakacarita (caMdrapremasUri). tIrthakalpa (jaina) (jinapremasUri). prabaMdhacintAmaNi (merutuGga). , caturviMzati. sukRtasaMkIrtana (arisiMha). hIrasaubhAgya mahAkAvya (devavimala gaNi). kIrtikaumudI (somezvaradeva). kAvyamImAMsA (rAjazekhara) (Baroda Oriental Series), hammIramadamardana nATaka (jayasiMhasUri) For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pariziSTa au vasaMtaviAsa (vAjacaMdrasUri) (Baroda Oriental Series). vastuvArita (binaEni). nAsminaMdrodvAra prabaMdha (mnasUri) (paMDita bhagavAnadAsa harakhacaMda saMpAdita). vRsaMhitA (varAmivira). 23 gUjarAtI - mirAte sikaMdarI (gu. va. sA.). AnaMdakAvyamahAdadhi-mauktika 5thI8 (muni saMSatavijaya). nAgarAtpatti nibaMdha (6ThThI gUjarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA riporTa) mAra pI. mahetA kRta. prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha (prAkRta) (Baroda Oriental Series). kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha. paurANika kathAkASa bhA. 1 thI 5 (DAhyAbhAi derAsarI--gu. va. sA.). mirAte ahamadI yA. 2 (hastalikhita dI. ba. kR, meA. jhaverI), bhA. 1 ane 2 nijhAmuddIna ciztI sAheba. bhUstaravijJAna bhA. 2 (DAhyAbhAI derAsarI--gu. va. roA.). prAkRta vyAkaraNa (paMDita bahecaradAsabhAi) razaiva dharmanA itihAsa (du. ke. zAstrI). zAkta saMpradAya (dI. ba. na. de. mahetA, bI. e.). prAcIna lekhasaMgraha (bhAvanagara), vasaMta (mAsika) rAM. 1969-70nuM varSa. khaMbhAtanA itihArA, khaMbhAta jaina caitya paripATI. .. ,, aMgrejI Imperial Gazetteer Vol. I. Bombay Gazetteer Vol. I Part I (History of Gujarat). Vol. VI (Cambay). Vol. IV (Ahmedabad), (Kaira), 01 P www.kobatirth.org * # dz Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Cutch, ' Baroda Gazetteer Vol. I. Vol. I. Mysore Gazetteer Vishnu Puran Vol. II by Wilson. Rig Veda Vol, I & II tr. by Griffite. Original Sanskrit Texts : Vol. V by Mir, Vol. IX (Gujarat Population: IHindus). Kathiawar Gazetteer. For Private and Personal Use Only 273

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flag it Dr. Peterson's search for Sanskrit Mss. J.B.B.R.A.S. No. XLV 1884-86. (in two vols.) Elements of Hindu Iconography Vol. I Parts I & II by Gopinath Rao. , Vol. II Parts I & II. Ancient Indian Historical Tradition by Pargiter. Racial Synthesis in Hindu Culture by Vishwanath (Trubner's Series). Asura in India by Prof. Ananta Prasad Banerjee Shastri. History of Sanskrit Literature (Vedic Period) by C.V. Vaidya. Watter's Yuan Chevang Vol. II (R.A. Society London). India & Jambu Island by Amarnath Das. Indian Antiquery. Epigraphia Indica. Indian Historical Quarterly. Mohenjo Daro & Indus Valley Vol. I by Sir J. Marshall. Some Contributions of South India to Indian Culture by Dr. Krishnaswamy Iyengar. Indo-Sumerian Seals Deciphered by Weddel. Gates of India by Sir T. Holdich. Indian Serpant Lore by Vogel. Vedic Index : Vol. I & II by Macdonell & Keith. Cambridge History of India : Vol. I by Rapson. Ancient Symbol Worship: Importance of Phallic Idea in the Religions of Antiquity by Hodder M. Westeropp & C. Staniland. Indishe Studien Vol. XV by Weber. Vaishnavism & Shaivism by Sir R.G. Bhandar kar. Religions of India by Barth. Encyclopaedia Britannica (for Cambay & Phoenicia). Rasmala by A.K. Forbes. History of Important Towns & Cities in Gujarat & Kathiawar by Alteker. Oxford Survey of British Empire: Asia (Geology) by Herberton & Howarth. Geographical Dictionary of Ancient India by Nandalal De. Cunninghams' Ancient Geography of India by S.N. Mazumdar Shastri. Ptolemy's Ancient India by Me Crindle (S.N. Mazumdar). Travels of Durante Barbosa by Stanley. 1 of Ludovico De Verthema. of Tavernier. Embassey of Sir Thomas Roe by W. Foster. For Private and Personal Use Only

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RO pariziSTa ga Article on Syrians or Armenians: Enc. of Religion & Ethics Vol. XII. . on Stones (General : Indian : Semitic : Greek--by Hartland, Crooke, Barton & Gardener) Enc. of Religion & Ethics Vol. XI. Article on Hinduism by W. Crooke. Enc. of Rel. & Ethics Vol. VI. on Massebhal ... on Poles & Posts by G.A. Barton Enc. of Religion & Ethics Vol. X. on Phallism by E.S. Hartland , Vol. IX. on Saivism by R.W. Frazer Vol. XI. , on Arabs (Ancient) Vol. I. .. on River Systems of the Punjab. Ethical Conception of the Gathas by Chatterjee. Administration Report of Cambay State 1931. Records of the Government of Bombay (Bom. Govt. Record Office). For Private and Personal Use Only

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Serving JinShasan 093957 gyanmandir@kobatisth.org For Private and Personal Use Only