Sambodhi 2007 Vol 31

Author(s): J B Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 39

Vol. XXXI, 2007
ON THE FIRST SENTENCE OF VYUTPATTIVÄDA:...
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and to coin the term samsarga-maryādā' which was latter on developed to an autonomous school on sabdabodha in Navya Nyaya, known as Samsarga-maryādāvāda'. The 'relation' that plays the vital role in the sabdabodha would be 'appropriate' only through 'äkänkṣā' (syntactic expectancy), one of the four auxiliary causal conditions. Therefore, the commentators explaining the term say: samsarga-maryādā-śabda ākāṁkṣāyām rūḍhaḥ14 i.e., the word samsargamaryādā is ascribed to (rūḍha conventional meaning of a word, opposite to yaugika etymological meaning) in the sense ākänkṣā (expectancy). Kṛṣṇabhatta, commenting upon Vyutpattivada glosses the term as: samabhivyāhārajñānakāryatāvacchedakakotipravista-sambandhata 15 i.e., the relationship included in the layer stratum of delimiter of effect-ness of the co-referential cognition. This definition of samsargamaryādā needs some more explanation. Śabdabodha as we know is 'sentential cognition' produced by words being syntactically connected. It is produced by the samabhivyahāra-jñāna (perception of syntactically co-related words). In fact, the perception of syntactically co-related words (samabhivyāhārajñāna) is nothing but the syntactic expectancy of two or more words in a wellformed sentence. Sabdabodha (sentential cognition) is a product (kārya) and substantial parts of the cognitive structure are caused by the 'sentence' (sabda = āpta-vākya). The effect, namely the cognitive structure of appropriately related padarthas are delimited by some abstract property (kiñcid dharma-vacchinna) of respective padarthas and/or delimited by some relation (kiñcit sambandhdvacchinna). This refers to an abstract stratum above the strata of padartha and samsarga, which incorporates the delimiting (avacchedaka) properties. According to Kṛṣṇabhatta, the concept samsargamaryādā belongs to that stratum of abstract relational property (avacchedaka-koti-pravistasambandhata). This higher-level abstract relational property indicates the logical precise nature of Navya Nyaya. This is evident through out almost all higher texts in Navya Nyaya and needless to say, it is Vyutpattivada, that belongs to the same category of texts.
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Exploring the Issues:
Vyutpatti-vāda is a text on sabdabodha. Gadadhara, the author of this work, gives here an exhaustive exposition of the cognitive mechanism and cognitive structure of sabdabodha that incorporates many techniques and methods explicating the conceptual framework. The term vyutpatti means 'production,