Indian Antiquary Vol 60

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 21

JANUARY, 1931 ]
DRAVIDIC MISCELLANY
If then we can tentatively postulate an ancient change of v orb to p under certain conditions (which have of course to be classified), the above-mentioned p- forms also will have to be considered as ultimately traceable to vdi, bái. The question of the change of v>p can. not, however, yet be considered as finally proved.
Further, just as Kurukh ba'ana (to speak) is related to bár-na (to be called, to be named), the p- forms mentioned above also appear to be related semantically and structurally to the following forms, all of them signifying 'name':Tamil : peyar, per
Kui: pada. Telugu : péru.
Kodagu : peda. Kannada : pesar.
Brahất : pin. Tuļu: pudar.
Kurukh-Malto: pinj (to name). The only changes calling for special comment in the above forms are the following:
Tulu, Küi, Kodagu -d. arises from -y-through $; of. Tulu kade (to disjoin) with Tam. Kann. kas-, kas- (to separate), Tulu kád- (to fight) with the base kây (to be hot, angry, eto.).
Tuļu -- in pudar is characteristic of a number of words with initial bilabials which change the immediately following vowels to -o- or -- ; of. Tuļu bolli (silver), biru (to fall), bôdi (fear) with the corresponding non-Tulu southern forms.
Gôndi par-ol possibly shows the base par; but the Gôndi suffix-ol, usually attached to masculine words, is strange in this context; Gôndi a of par corresponds to Sn. e, as in parr (to pick-cf. pira-, pera-) kavi (ear-cf. Kann. kevi).
Bråhûi -N- in pin stands probably for (cf. p. 32 of Sir Denys Bray's Grammar). n and r do also appear to be connected in southern forms like pin, pir (back).
III. SOUTH DRAVIDIAN anal AND SANSKRIT anala. In a short but exceedingly interesting and thoughtful paper contributed to the Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung (vol 56), Professor F. Otto Schråder(to whom all students of Dravidian should feel grateful for his unwavering interest in Dravidology) adverts to the possibilities of the relationship of the Sanskrit word anala (fire) and Dravidian kanal (fire), anal, etc. Prof. Schrader, after giving expression to his doubts about the orthodox derivation of Sanskrit anala (antala, 'not satisfied ')-especially because ala (satisfaction) and al (to be sufficient) appear to be invented by grammarians expressly for the purpose of explaining the origin of anala-observes that, as anala does not appear in Vedic and crops up for the first time only in the late Sveta svalara Upanisad (i.e., about the period of the Buddha), it would be assential to investigate whether the Sanskrit word may not have been imported from Dravidian or some other non-Aryan language of India. After dismissing the possibility of Austric (the only important non-Aryan Indian language-group other than Dravidian) having lent this word to Sanskrit, on the ground that the Austric forms for fire,' heat,' . eto.. known so far, bear no resemblance to the Sanskrit word, he proceeds to suggest that the Dravidian word kanal, after ite initial k had been dropped off or reduced to a slight aspirate, may have been adopted in Sanskrit as anala. Prof. Schrader does not arrive at any definitive conclusion but observes: “Es ergibt sich also ein non liqust, aberdoch wohl mit einer gewissen Warscheinlichkeit der Herkunft unseres Wortes aus dem Dravidischen."
Prof. Schrader's course of argument is that Skt. anala may haye been adopted from & modified form of kanal, which is undoubtedly Dravidian. He places a certain amount of reliance on the theory of the disappearance of initial k- in Dravidian. Though there are instances, in the colloquial dialects of the South, of an original k. having disappeared, the theory is, as will be shown below, of extremely doubtful validity in a large number of con. nected ancient forms which appear with slightly different meanings, alternatively with and without initial k., where we shall find that the forms with initial vowels are, so far as we can judge now, traceable to ancient bases without k., from which they themselves and other independent forms bave arisen. I think therefore, that if we could detuomatrate that anal occurring freely in south Dravidian is based on a native Dravidian root, & fair