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MARCH, 1873.]
PATANJALI'S MAHABHASHYA.
69
Atreya
a. Dattatreya .........Ratha.
. Krishnâtreya ...... » Haritasa ..................Mahâpâtra.
>> ..................Dasa. Kauchhasa ............... » Ghțitakauchhasa ...... » Mudgaļa ................... Satpaths, vulgo Pathi,
also vulgo Satpasti. Batsasa ................... Dâsa, Acharya, Misra. Kâtyâyaņa ............... Sârangi. Kapinjala ...............Dåsa.
II.-NORTHERN LINE.
1. Rig Veda. Not represented.
2. Yajur Veda. Kâtyâyana ...............Panda. Sandálya.................. Krishņâtreya ............ and Dåsa, Bharadwaja.............* Barshagana ............... Miéra, Kaphala .................. ” Gautama..................Kara.
3. Atharva-Vedi. Angirasa ................... Upadhyâya, vulgo Upa
dhya. Of lower branches, and considered inferior to the above, are Sânkhyâyaņa ............ Mahanti. Nagasa ................... Dåsa, and Mahanti.
In explanation of the upádhís, I would state that they are, so to speak, the surnames of each gotra; for instance, a Brahmar of the Kasyapa gotra, whose personal name was Radha Krishna, would be known and spoken of, and speak of himself, as Radha Krishna Nand; Patit Pâban, of the Katyâyana gotra, is Patitpâban Sárangi; and
so on. The commonest surnames are Panda and Mahâpâtra in Balasor ; probably because the families of the gotras to which they belong have multiplied more extensively there. Some of the upádhís given above are very rare in Balasor, as Tripathi, Ratha, Dube; the others are common enough. Some of them are also borne by other castes. Thus all the Karans, a class corresponding to the Kâyasthas of Bengal, have the surname Mahanti, in the north contracted to Maiti. This fashion of caste surnames has been extended to the lower castes also : thus we have among the artizan castes the titles Patar, Rana, Ojhâ, Jena (a very low name, chiefly used by Pâns, and other impure castes), Râut, Kar, De, and the Bangali names Ghosh and Bose (Basu). These names, where they are the same as those borne in other provinces, are used by lower castes. Thus Ghosh and Basu in Bangali are highly respectable kåyastha names, in Orissa they are borne by Rajus, Gokhas, and other low castes. The cowherd class, the Gwâld of Upper India, are here called Gaur or Gaul, and take the surnames Behera, Palai, Send, &c. Behera seems to have been adopted from the English, as it is this class that furnishes the well-known Oriya bearers' of Calcutta.
But to return to the Brâhmans,the gotra names, it will be seen, are for the most part patronymics from well-known Rishis, and are identical with many of those still in use in the North-Western Provinces. This circumstance seems to add confirmation to the legend of the origin of this caste from Kanauj. A Rishi's name occurs also among upádhís in one instance; Sarangi being from Sanskr, Sârngi, patronymic from Sringa Rishi. Panda is hardly a gotra upádhí, being applied to all Brâhmans who officiate as priests.
PATANJALI'S MAHÁBHÁSHYA BY PROFESSOR RAMKRISHNA GOPAL BHANDARKAR, M.A. PUSHPAMITRA.
the roots yaj and others. This Patanjali explains SINCE I wrote last on the subject, I have thus :-"Pushpamitra sacrifices (yajate), and discovered a third passage in the Mahâbhâshye the sacrificing priests cause him to sacrifice (i.e., in which Pushpamitra is spoken of. Pâņini in to be the sacrificer by performing the ceremonies III. 1, 26, teaches that the termination aya, for him). This is the usual or uninverted order technically called ni, should be applied to a root of using the forms. But by Panini's rule the when the action of causing something to be done order ought to be Push pamitra causes (the is implied. Upon this, the author of the Vârtikas priests) to sacrifice, and the priests sacrifice.'” observes that a rule should be made to provide This objection is removed by the author of the for the use of the causal and primitive forms in Vârtikas himself, by saying that the root yaj, the uninverted or the usual order in the case of signifying several actions, the usual or unin
