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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[NOVEMBER, 1873.
Badada (genitive) Adi Keśava simply is the Adi Keśava of the north, in opposition to his southern places in general. Kanaka knew and adored also the idol of Channiga at B&. luru, sanskritised Velâ pura, t and the idol of Krishna at (Bada) Tirupati, which he once calls also the Včñkata # of Seshagiri, the specific name of the idol there. There is no song in the collection in which he mentions Udupu (Udapi) on the western coast; but in a series of his songs in one of the manuscripts there is one that, in its mudrikd, has : " Krishna, the lord of Madh va," and "Keśava" (not "Adi Keśava"); and another that has: "Ma. dhva dešis," people of the country of Madhva, and “Adi Keśava." Madhva (or Ån. andatîrtha) is the well-known guru of Udupu, who died A.D. 1273.
Purandara Dasa is said to have been born at Purandaragada, and to hare changed from a Smarta to a Vaishnava. One tradition connects him with Krishna Raja of Vid yanagara on the Tuñgabhadra. The saying that he spent many days in Pandaripura, is confirmed by one of his songs in which he calls his deity "the lord of Pandari." According to other songs, he knew also the idol-places of Bêlûru, Tirupati or Tirumale, & Hurukal, A&. girill U dupa, and Karkala to the south. .cast of Udupu. It is significant that he often calls Tirupati "Mudal giri," i. e. the hill of the Enst, or "Mel giri," i.e. the hill above the Ghats), thus indicating the position of his usual residence. · The Dåsa whom I have called Varaha may
perhaps be as properly called Varkha Tim mappa, as this signature of his may mean either "the Timmappa of Vardha" or "the
deity that is Varaha Timmappa." His beloved place was Tirupati's or Timmappa's hill, to which he gives also the names of Ahiraja giri, Uraga giri, Någa giri, Phaņi giri, Seshadri, Kandali giri, Baigå rådri (gold-hill), Anjana dri, Vedi chala, Sri śaila, Sripati giri, Vonkati chala, A tiśreshtha giri, and sometimes only Giri, or Botta (hill). Like Purandara he calls the hill also Mûdal giri and Mel giri, occasionally Mûdal Kado giri, i. e. the hill towards the East. He thought also very highly of U dapu, saying, for instance: "The feet that ascend the hill on which Varaha Timmappa is, are the feet that remain firmly standing in Udupu." Timmappa, as another name for the idol Tirupati or Voñkata Ramana, was also used by Puran. dara.
Voikata Dasa's songs exclusively refer to Vēñkata Ramana on the Seshadri. Vithala Dasa, Vijaya Dasa, and Madhva Dasa belonged, it seems, to the establishment at Udupu. Vithala may have lived after Puran. dara, for one of his mudrikás runs thus : "Having said: 0 Vithala, Vithala (Krishna)! Victory, victory! O new (abhinava) Parandara Vithala (i. e. O Vithala of the new Parandara)!' take refuge with Hari!" This supposition may derive a little support from the Disa song Vithipa (Vithoba) Charita, in which the deity is Sri Vithala, who says to the un.. fortunate child of the story: "Ha, child! listen well! Ha! They call me Sri Vithala in the three worlds. My place is Pandarina. gara. I have come to save thee." Sri Vi. tha la may point to Vithala Dasa being the author of the song, and Pandari nagara, where superior kind of mango which comes from the grafted trees of that Portuguese locality.
This may be a corruption (perhaps a mistake in writing) of Alagar malě (male == giri), Dear Madhurd in the south, that is one of the 108 celebrated Vaishnavs places. In one song Parandars calls his Rauga "tbe Rauga of the Kaveri," name that points to Suraūga, near Tiruchinapalli.
Of this place he sings: "On the earth in the town called Karka! a, opposite to a good Śri Venkateka, firmly stands & Hanuma, by the grace of Purandari Vi. thala." There was once a large Jaina establishment at Karkala; the huge Gumuta (& stone image of Jains worship) there was, according to Mr. A. C. Barnell, er acted A. D. 1431. A similar image, that, sccording to tradition, was executed somewhat later and as a rival, is at Yenuru, not very far from K&rkala.
• The Timma in Timma appa (father Timma), in this case, I take to be "Tira," 5.8. srt, and "ava" 1.e. he: Tiru-va = glorious one.
saila formorly, as it seems, was Srisails (conf. the Dharna Tiny mals, Ind. Ant. vol. II. p. 174), and according to the Kanarese Resore Furesa (of A.D. 1369) the Srisaila (or Sri kiri) once was a great Liiga-place (the Hiliga being called Mallikarjuna). Towards the end of the reign of the BallAlas the Linga.worslip there began to decline.
• Channigais a translation of Raiga, an epithet of Krishna
+ I do not know which Belůru or Veldruis under. stood. Conf. the Vellur of the Ind. Ant. Vol. II. p. 172,
this is probably meant.
I Veikats sometimes means the sacred bill of Tiru. pati, sometimes the idol there.
Significant regarding Purandara' age is the circumstance of his mentioning in connection with the pije at U dapu (a) the firing of guns (ko); (B) the Parangi (Parigi) polso, the Jack-fruit of the Franka, i.e. the Pine-apple; (y) the Gove mduu, i.e. the Maago of Goa, &
