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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[JULY, 1873.
deceased. In the case of a man killed by a rade. The boldest attempt at sculptare that tiger the tiger is always carved above his vio. I have seen was that of Bala Patil in his cart; tim. These monuments are very common, bat and in that case the artist was so sore put to it generally of old date. I never saw a new one. for perspective that he cut one bullock walk. They are sometimes erected on the spot of the ing on his yokefellow's back, and one wheel death, but more often in the village group. In before the other. The open hand is the emblem one case certain Bhills petitioned me in respect of a sati, but is very rare. Women's memorial of a Mhowa tree, which they said their ances stones are seldom seen together with those of tors had planted where one of our people was the men, but cluster apart round some pípalslain by a tiger." There was no stone or other tree or the like. In some cases one stone commonument besides the Mhowa tree, which was memorates several persons; e. g. at the village about 50 years old. The snake is used both as of Dongrâld I asked a Bhill the meaning of a an ornament and to indicate death by snake- large and very old-looking stone with five bite; the latter is rare, and in such cases the curious figures on it, about which I rather snake is shown uncoiled, and under the man's expected a good story. "Oh!" quoth he," those foot. Other common ornaments are the pea- are my brothers. That's Vithyd, and that's fowl, antelope, the sun in the moon's arms Khandyd, &c., and I gave a man & rupee a (almost universal), and fighting men; all very 'head to carve them."
ARCHÆOLOGY IN NORTH TINNEVELLI. Extract from a letter from the Rev. J. F. Kearns to the Collector of Tinnevelli.
(Proceedings of Madras Government, 18th November 1872.). I have a few observations to offer with reference urns in cromlechs, notably in Kourtalam, but I to some portions of Mr. Boswell's letter. (See have not discovered stone implements in any. Indian Antiquary, vol. I. page 372.)
There were many iron implements and exquisite With reference to "inscriptions," I quito agree pottery in them. The neighbourhood of the with him that no time should be lost in obtaining Jaina image at Nagalapuram abounds with these correct copies of all that exist, for it is only too urns. true that time is fast effacing some very valuable Mr. Boswell remarks, "I have seen many ones. In this zilla (Tinnevelli) there is a rock Buddhist temples converted into temples of temple, Kalugu vaalei, covered with Jaina figures Vishna; but I do not know of any re-dedicated to and inscriptions ; some of the latter I had copied Siva." The old Jains temple, already alluded to, many years ago and presented them to the Madras at Kalugumalei is dedicated to the god SubraLiterary Society. These inscriptions have been, manya, Siva's youngest son. Perhaps there is more by competent scholars, pronounced the oldest contained in this fact than is apparent. According specimens of the Tamil language hitherto dis- to the oldest legends, Sabramanya is the god of covered. The Tamil character of the inscription war, and that the Jainas in the south were cruelly is as different as possible from the Tamil character exterminated by the Saivites is a matter of hisof to-day, but the germ of the present character tory. In the re-dedication of a Jains temple to is contained in it. I think that all the inscriptions Subramanya, Siva's youngest son, are we to on this temple should be carefully copied.
infer that the measures were taken to extirpato In a field close to Nagalapuram, in Ottapedaram Jainism P taluqa, there is a colossal Jaina image such as Mr. Mr. Boswell referst to what are called "Kolle Boswell describest in his letter. This figure ought Kall," and he states on Mr. Walhouse's authority to be preserved in some Museum. There is a that there is ane "within & mile of Mangalor." small Jaina image in the village of Kolator, and the descriptions which Mr. Walhouse gives of it is worshipped by the natives, who apparently the figures on the stone closely resemble those do not know what it is. There is another in which in this zilla are found in places where Sati the ancient village of Kolkhei, near to Sawyer- had been performed, and further information repuram.
specting them seems desirable. By whom were I have opened and examined many cinerary those stones called Kollo Kalhu? By immigrants
• Vide ante, p. 186. Ind. Ant. vol. I. p. 8746. Ind. Ant. vol. I. p. 8724.
