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II, 1, 2. PENANCES.
219 12. Now (follow) the minor offences, entailing I loss of caste (upapataka),
13. (Viz.) intercourse with females who must not be approached (agamyâ, e. g.) cohabitation with the female friend of a female Guru, with the female friend of a male Guru, with an Apapâtra woman, and Ja female outcast, following the profession of medil'cine, sacrificing for many, living by (performances on) the stage, following the profession of a teacher of dancing, singing and acting, tending cows and buffalos, and similar (low occupations, as well as) fornication.
14. The expiation (prescribed) for these (offences is) to live as an outcast during two years.
a Sadra female to be intended. It is, however, more probable that Baudhayana took the verse to forbid twice-born men to serve Sadras.
12. Apastamba I, 7, 21, 9. 13. Gautama XXI, 11. In explanation of the term agamyâ, a female who must not be approached,' Govinda quotes Narada XII, 73–74, and he takes the four classes of females, who are specially mentioned, not as examples illustrating the term agamyâ, but as not included in and additional to the latter. Physicians and the other professional men enumerated are usually not mentioned among the upapatakins, but occur in the lists of those whose gifts must not be accepted, and of those who defile the company at a funeral dinner, e.g. Vasishtha III, 3; XIV, 2, 3, II. The expression sacrificing for many' (grâmayâganam) appears to be a description of the so-called Yagamâna Vritti, by which the modern Bhattagîs, or priests who officiate for hire, subsist. In explanation of the term nâtyâkâryatâ, following the profession of teaching dancing, music, and acting,' Govinda says that 'instruction in the works of Bharata, Visakhila, and others' is intended. Baudhayana no doubt intends to forbid the instruction of professional dancers and actors in actual works on their art, such as the nâtya-sútras mentioned by Panini.
14. 'To live as an outcast, i.e. to subsist by begging.'-Govinda.
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