Collected Articles Of LA Schwarzschild On Indo Aryan 1953 1979

Author(s): Royce Wiles
Publisher: Australian National University

Page 19

THE TOSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES OP LATE TRAKRIT 133 by Professor Turner. There are even some examples in which the suffix e seems to have replaced an entirely different ending : e.g. Digambara Apabhrama revaya (Bhavisatta kaha, Harivamin purina, etc.) for xita. Although none of these cases are itbsolutely conclusive, they all seem to point towards a preference for the endinger in Digambara Apabhraya and not so much in the Western group of languages, where the postposition kera was not treated as a suffix o soon.
A derivation from bara of the Western Apabhramsa possessives can therefore not be excluded on phonetic grounds, as all the case in which *alara gives erat might equally well be substitution of suffis. kara is attested in the earlier stages of the modern versculars, being used side by side with kera to form possessive constructions; thus kara occurs in a really old Gujarati text like the Buddhirasa, sixteenth century Awadhi has both are and kera, e.g. Tulsi Das katra jati Kara rosa, ete, further East it appears already in the Kirtilata of Vidyapati and is generally well attested. The origin of this Kara has been suggested by Baburam Saksena to be the elongated Prakrit form of the past participle of vler, lurila
> kario; yet this seems unlikely as there is no sign of the in the oldest forms of this postposition that are found. It is therefore to be separated from the Rajasthani instrumental Kari. It is much more likely to be a weakened form of kera itself, so that one might assume the following line of development for the Western Aphabramsa mahiran :
maha + Kerala) > maha + karaka > mahalarau > mahāraw, and an exactly parallel development takes place in the second person. It seems therefore that in the West thek was not always slurred quite so early and the vowel was weakened first when this postposition was used onclitically, with the result that it disappears completely in OWR mai clara <kura < Kerala, which has survived into Modern Marwari. It cannot be decided on the evidence of the forms available whether the long was caused by the influence of the vowel of the plural forms:
amha -+- Kera, amha+kara > anha (a)ra amhanam > whāra or whether it was brought about by the slight remnant of a vowel that may have remained in the enclitic kara before it was reduced
134 THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES OV LATE PRAKRIT completely to you. The evidence of the nouns-the short vowel of the masculine nouns before the postposition, e.g. Nasaketa-ti Kathi proves nothing as the possessives were compounded at a much earlier date when the vowel -- before rau might still have been sounded. A possessive with a long vowel which might also have
similar explanation is the isolated tajānau which occurs in the early Apabhrms of the Kuvalayamala. According to Master this is based on the genitive bujha with the addition of the postposition Wais, cf. Old Gujarati nau, which occurs in the texts studied by Tessitori. The use of medial cerebral in the Apabhtaša form, however, renders doubtful that identification with naw (cognate with waf<ahaia rnasmin). It is much more probable that it should be the same as the OWE. postposition tana, which occur already in conjunction with a pronoun in the oldest Apabhrama text, the Paramātmaprakāla of Joindu: maha lanam adiyen , 186). In the case of tuijhnou the long vowel is probably also caused by there being a slight remnant of the vowel of the first syllable of the affix tancu.
The Eastern forms are of a complex nature. The late Apabhrama Prikrta Pingala, which is generally thought to have an easterly provenance has hammara (amira) and tohara = yesmikam, with metrical shortening, according to Pischel. The Dohis do not contain any possessives except that of the third person, lahara, neither does the Dakarnava, as in both these works the simple genitive is used to mark possession and the distinctly Eastern genitive to < tau appears, side by side with more Western forms like mahu. In the Caryagitis, however, there are a number of possessives of a distinctly Bengali type mohora, mora, tahora, tohara, tohauri, tohori and tora. These forms almost certainly represent different stages of development, of which tohara is the oldest, based on the Western Buhara, under the influence of to. (Chatterji think it is from land + Kara, more from mand + Tara, but the presence of the 2 in these early forms makes this unlikely.) From tohara, eto, the type tohora, mohora is derived by assimilation of the vowels. [The ending -hor(a) has been extended from there in some districts; cf. Nepali.] Mora and fora are derived from these by a simple contraction. This Eastern type of possessive in o, itself based on Western influence,
A. Master, Gleanings from the Kuvalayatalasta," BSOS., xil, 2.1950.
1 R. L. Turner, Dictionary of the Nepali Language Tandon, 1931, under adhylro. Both those exstations are stretly phonological, unlike what is surested above.
B, Sales , The language of the Kitilat, Tz, iv, 1033
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