Collected Articles Of LA Schwarzschild On Indo Aryan 1953 1979

Author(s): Royce Wiles
Publisher: Australian National University

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44 SOME WORDS MEANING IMMEDIATELY IN MIDDLE INDO-ARYAN
"The snake struck suddenly, with its hood extended, Hari parried immediately with the palm of his hand ". In late Jain Mahārāṣṭri where jhadatti occurs in the semi-Sanskrit form of jhaditti, tadatti is made to conform and appears as taḍitti, as, for instance, in the Manipaticarita of Haribhadra. The parallelism between jhadatti and taḍatti is therefore complete. Historical evidence thus shows the existence in Middle Indo-Aryan of a closely associated group of synonyms meaning "suddenly", "immediately": dhasatti which is found in the Jain canon is succeeded by jhadatti, talatti, and sahasatti which continually influenced each other formally and semantically.
In Apabhramás there were already forces at work which caused the gradual break-up of this system of synonyms. The group of words meaning "suddenly", "immediately" formed part of a much larger system, the adverbs of time. As they were gradually made to conform with this larger system their existence as a separate group was obliterated. This tendency gave rise to forms such as jhattihim (Sandelarisaka), where the adverbial ending him (based on the pronominal locative singular ending) was added to jhatti, probably under the influence of words such as tahim "there". "then", and enhim "now". Similarly in the Jasaharacariu one finds jhadavi, which shows a remodelling of jhadatti on the general pattern of adverbs of time composed with ri<Sanskrit api, such as kayavi <kadāpi. In the modern languages the idea of a separate group of adverbs ending in -tti and indicating immediacy has been lost completely. Sahasatti, no longer supported by the presence of synonyms with a similar ending, disappeared from the popular languages; it also lacked the support of a cognate group of lively onomatopoeic words such as those derived from tad- and jhad-. Thadatti (jhatti) was weakened further to jhaffa and gave rise to modern Hindi jhat "immediately", jhat-pat, and with reduplication for emphasis jhat-jhat, which is also found in Marathi, Gujerati, etc. Tadatti "immediately" survives in a very altered form as tara-tar" quickly" in Nepali and as tar-tar" quickly " in Bengali and Oriya.
The Middle Indo-Aryan adverbs signifying "suddenly", "immediately" are thus a very striking example of a group of words that remained closely linked for a long time as synonyms, and became dissociated only in the Modern Indo-Aryan languages.
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GHUMMIRA, GHOLIRA "AGITE, BRANLANT"
PAR
1. A. SCHWARZSCHILD
Ces deux adjectifs du moyen indo-aryen ne sont pas seulement des synonymes, leur répartition aussi est presque identique. Dans les textes qui nous sont parvenus on les trouve pour la première fois dans les gatha de Hala, puis dans d'autres textes mähärästris par exemple dans le Galldavaho, et on les retrouve en apabhramsa, par exemple ghummira dans le Palmasiricariu de Dhâhila, et gholira dans le Harivamsapurana de Puspadanta. Les glossaires traduisent gholira et ghummira par le mot sanskrit ghürṇayamana, participe présent du verbe ghürn- s'agiter, branler ». Il n'y a pas de doute sur le sens de ces mots bien attestés, mais leur interprétation étymologique soulève des difficultés et des problèmes qui sont d'une portée plus générale et que la présente étude ne saurait qu'amorcer. Il s'agit des problèmes qui entourent l'origine du thème verbal ghumm- et l'emploi du suffixe ira.
LE THEME VERBAL GHUMM
Le verbe sanskrit ghury-« s'agiter, branler s, dont on se sert si souvent pour traduire ghumm- est inconnu du védique et des Brahmapas et n'est attesté que dans l'épopée et dans les textes sanskrits ultérieurs. T. Burrrow (1) a suggéré pour ghürg- une étymologie dravidienne très convainА cante. Mais cette étymologie ne suffit pas pour expliquer le mot prakrit
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