________________
res(a)immi 97, compounded or used with instrumental-locative ending
97
phonemic changes: 164-168:
see "assimilation","consonants",
"contamination", "dissimilation" popular etymology: 136;
see "contamination" popular speech: contrasted with written
or literary language 4, 5, 6, 9, 21, 29, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 50, 62, 81, 86, 88, 108, 109, 126, 132, 146, 147, 151, 154-158, 162, 164, 171: invoked, as in Romance philology, to explain features absent from documents 42: documents indirectly reveal condition of spoken languages 51, 129; responsible for new words in MIA 69, 113:
see "postpositions" possessive adjectives: 12-21;
continuous evolution from Apabhramsa forms 12, 13, 14; modern forms in -r-all derived from
-kera 20 postpositions: preferred to endings in
popular speech 65, connection with the decline of case system 91.98; properly fom compounds with preceding noun 90, 96, 98; loss of initial vowel 93: kara 13, 18: kera: 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 90, 92, used with genitive of pronouns and stem of nouns 14, enclitic 15, 18, origin of resi, resammi 89-90,95
sporadic change: in consonants: from
palatal to dental 168, from retroflex to dental 170; in vowels: 134, from u to a 136-7:
in loan words 136, 170 subjunctive: 146, 150 subordination: 153-158;
contrasted with parataxis 153-4, 158; contrasted with correlative structures using demonstrative and relative 154-156, less common in popular language 155, with modal verbs 154: development of subordination with jam consecutive, completive, causal 154-156, 158, with jena causal and consecutive 156-158, with jaha of indirect speech and conditional 157
Prakrit grammarians: 3, 5, 7, 12, 14-15,
17, 20-21, 33, 37-40, 49, 53, 58, 59, 66, 71-72, 74, 86-87, 90, 97, 100, 104, 106, 109, 115, 118, 120, 123, 129, 131-132, 137, 141, 165
167, 173, 186, 188-189 prefixes: u- from Sanskrit ape, ava- 77
81, ud-79, 143; phonetic changes determined by recognition of compounds 80, 81, these changes simpler than in Romance languages 80; new creation 0-80, 81; vo-141-145, more emphatic than Vi- 143;
see "consonants" present indicative: 8, 71, 119, 122, 146,
154 pronouns: system in IA 28, 57, 64, 66;
keep case distinctions longer than nouns, cp. Romance 91: personal: first person singular replaced by asmi 21; second person singular ablative confused with plural nominative 21; phonetic evolution of second person analogous to absolutive 39; second person singular nominative ending-hu 101: demonstrative: in NIA a recreation by analogy not a survival of early OIA 42-43; influence the declension of nominal Stems 48, 97, 101-2; origin of feminine oblique singular tise 49: confusion in MIA 61; evolution of ayam 61, 68, exceptional locative singular 178, of etad 61, of eşa 101-2;
new stems - 62-63, 48-50, relative: initial y influences emphatic particle 108; position in imperative clause 147-8; case-forms of interrogative as interrogative particles: singular ablative 159, neuter (nominative/accusative) 159, 162, Instrumental 162, genitive 163: see "adverbs","imperative".
"particles reduction: see "contraction" reinforcement: for emphasis and
distinctiveness, of negative particle 84-85, by repetition 85-86, 116; of pronouns 91; of particles 106, 162, cp. Romance; of exclamations and forms of address 109: by anaya and resim), 98; of imperative by subject pronouns 147: see "affixes and suffixes",
declension", "postpositions"
"prefixes" remodelling: 26, 64, 66, 113, 116, 128
129, 137, 138, 149 rhyme 171 Romance: see "analytic"
"completeness", "dissimilation" "imperative","popular speech", "prefixes". "pronouns".
"reinforcement", "semantic change" samprasarana: 37, 39, 44, 60, 67 scribal tradition: 172, 173, 176, 183 secondary endings: in future tense 3 semantic change: parallels in French 114 shortening of final vowel after an
accented syllable 44, 46;
of final a in adverbs spoken language: see "popular speech"
disappearance of subordinating
conjunctions 158 suffixes: see "affixes and suffixes svarabhakth see "vowels" synonyms: 111, 116 systems: disorder followed by the
formation of new systems 28, 81. 91, 98, 116, 145, 164:
see "remodelling terminational elements: weak 1, 2, 4, 6,
18, 24, 40, 41, 49, 85, 177, 189:
see "accent" variation: the concept of free variation
175, 186, the numerous morphological variants that are a feature of MIA may be conditioned
175-183, 186 vowels: svarabhakti 124, 143, 145;
in hiatus 139, 140; change of final -am to -a in particles 161: a and u 55, 134, 144, 151; i and e7, 30, 33-35, 49, 63, 106;
98;
tanau 19, 89-94, 98, postpositional adjective with genitive of noun or pronoun 90. true postposition in compounds 90, causal 90: nau 19: resi dative indicating purpose 97, addition of locative ending gives
- 196
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