Collected Articles Of LA Schwarzschild On Indo Aryan 1953 1979

Author(s): Royce Wiles
Publisher: Australian National University

Page 99

L. A. SCHWARZSCHILD
'regular' phonetic change to -ss-, -- in Sauraseni and Magadhi; but in a word like gharasmin 'in a house the same consonantal group-sm- occurred in a less accented environment, hence. gharasmin> gharahim in Magadhi.
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Lack of accentuation also accounts for the loss of the sibilant in the most common forms of the locative in Middle Indo-Aryan: -mmi and mmi. In Mähäräştri and Jain Mähärästi the more accented Sanskrit pronominal forms of the type tasmin show exactly the same development as is found in -smin after nouns, hence tammi, jammi, kammi. This may be accounted for by analogical extension. The locative singular tassim is found only very rarely in Mähäräştri (e.g. Lilavaīkaha 244, 281) alongside the more common tammi. There remains only one general exception and that is asmin> assim, the locative singular of the demonstrative pronoun of vicinity, e.g. in Jain Mähäräistri: assim ceva desakäle 'at this place and time' (Ausgewählte Erzählungen 67.8). This form assim thus contrasts with the entire declension system of the central dialects which is characterised by the locative singular masculine-neuter endings -mmi, mmi. A form ammi, ammi in this is never found, there are however two new forms of equivalent meaning, aammi and iammi (Pischel 429). A locative singular demonstrative pronoun ammi would have been ambiguous and mistaken as an ending in many contexts, and this probably accounts for the exceptional retention of assim as the one phonetically 'regular' form.
Owing to the analogical extension of -mmi there is therefore uniformity in the locative endings derived from -smin in Jain Mähäräştri with only the very minor hesitation between -mmi and -mmi. Another very minor variant is -mmi (with compensatory lengthening of i associated with the loss of final -n). This occurred in the Maharastri of the Paumacariya of Vimalasuri, the Dhurtakhyana and the Nanapañcamikaha. There is thus little free option with regard to this particular ending in the most important literary Prakrits belonging to the Central region.
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VARIANT FORMS OF THE LOCATIVE IN MIDDLE INDO-ARYAN 81 2. In the Jain Saurasení dialect of the Digambara texts locative singular forms in -mki are not uncommon, they occur particularly in the Bhagavati Aradhana and in the Kattigeänupekkha their occurrence is now so well attested that they can no longer be dismissed as a mistake, as was done by Pischel ( 366). They show a survival of the western traditions of the Girnar inscriptions and of Pali, and they continued to exist alongside the forms in -mmi which had spread from the central dialects. The Jain Sauraseni texts thus show optional variants in the locative forms due to regional literary influences.
3. The regional variants of the locative singular ending as listed above fall into two main groups:
a.
Those forms of the old ending -smin in which the sibilant (or --) has remained the dominant initial member of the consonant cluster-sm-, namely, -ssim,-ssim, Pali-smim, Magadhi -ahim, Apabhramsa-him.
b. those forms of the old ending -smin in which the nasal consonant has become the initial and dominant member: -mi, mmi, mmi, -mmi, -mhi.
It can be seen clearly that the final nasal has invariably disappeared by dissimilation in this second group of endings which all begin with a nasal. This evidence is confirmed by Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit where we find the same two groups of endings:
a. -asmin, -asmim and probably esmin.
M.M.-11
Arguments in favour of the existence of esmin have been put forward by Roth (1966: 44) and there is also a probable occurrence of a similar ending in Mähärästri: eesim ceya ciyanalammi 'in this fire which had been heaped up' (Kuvalayamala 48.3: an interpretation of eesim as etesam is however just possilbe here).
b. amse, -amhi
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