Collected Articles Of LA Schwarzschild On Indo Aryan 1953 1979

Author(s): Royce Wiles
Publisher: Australian National University

Page 89

676
LA SCHWARZSCHILD
Dans ce texte aha...lo (peut-etre dérivé de jahd... to) sert souvent à introduire des propositions conditionnelles.
Il n'y a aucun doute que l'usage des conjonctions subordonnantes s'est étendu dans le dialecte jaina Sauraseni, et dans les textes en prose jaina mahariri. Cette souplesse d'expression toute nouvelle ajoute beaucoup de charme aux contes jaina. Mais cette tendance n'a pas duré, et dans la langue parlée la paralaxe devait jouer un rôle de plus en plus important. Par conséquent toutes les conjonctions subordonnantes qu'on vient de discuter, jam, jena et jaha ont disparu. Dès le temps de Saraha l'indo-aryen a comblé cette lacune par l'emprunt de la conjonction subordonnante persane ki. Mais le système de subordination syntaxique n'a jamais évolué à un état trés compliqué en indo-aryen moderne. L'usage des conjonctions subordonnantes en jnina Saurasenl et surtout dans la prose jaina mhariri représente donc un développement intéressant, mais assez éphémère et quelque peu en dehors du grand courant du développement de l'indo-aryen.
Some Interrogative Particles in Präkrit
L. A. SCHWARZSCHILD
Victoria
INTERROGATIVE particles, such as words meaning 'why' are not
subject to many of the semantic influences that bring about the loss of words, and yet such particles are very liable to change. They are constantly overshadowed by the interrogative pronoun and may often be replaced by more specific and intense expressions such as
for what reason'. Such expressions are generally emphatic and may even border on slang, as for instance English 'why on earth?' and
whatever for?' and they are therefore particularly prone to change with linguistic fashions and even with the taste of individual authors. This can be illustrated from Middle Indo-Aryan.
In Sanskrit the sense of why?' was conveyed usually by Tasmāt, the ablative singular of the interrogative pronoun; a reason was asked for more specifically by kena karanna for what reason?! A rather more vague inquiry for a cause could be introduced by the neuter of the interrogative pronoun, leim, which was often strengthened by the addition of the particles ti, kehalu etc. Of these expressions leasmát has survived occasionally as kamha, the ablative singular of the interrogative pronoun in Prakrit, but it was no longer generally used in the sense of why?'. In the Svetimbara Jain canon the other two expressions of Sanskrit, kena learned and lime maintain their popularity, but they are often used in fixed locutions peculiar to the