Collected Articles Of LA Schwarzschild On Indo Aryan 1953 1979

Author(s): Royce Wiles
Publisher: Australian National University

Page 48

313
L. A. SCHWARZSCHILD Hindi thike 'correct'; and theya durable', Prakrit the (y) gave heaklee, whence the modern Hindi thele 'support. These two words are of parallel formation to thakka tired', 'stationary' but probably later in date, and they are not attested in the Prakrit or Apabhramia texts so far available. The enclitie adjective tha seems to occur only with a dental initial in Prakrit, whereas the other derivatives of sthd-, this and the (y)vary in their initial and generally prefer the cerebral which has survived in the modern forms.
The development of the meaning of the word thalka does not present any major difficulties. The concept of being tired' is usually expressed by past participles of verbs meaning to work hard': thus Sanskrityram to exert oneself, past participle ininta tired'; but it can also be expressed by words meaning 'having just stopped work', 'being stationary': this seems to be the case particularly in the lower strata of the language (eg. English 'finished"). Thallow maintains the old meaning of being stationary side by side with that of tired' and the two meanings are also found in the cloai, the verb formed from it. The concept of being tired, just like that of sundry other physical conditions, being fat, hungry, drunk etc. is apt to give rise to a variety of slang expressions, which ometimes replace the standard word. The word thakka was probably accepted into the literary dialects of Prakrit more readily than words of similar formation on account of the hopeless confusion that overtook the standard word for tired': Sanskrit kranta "tired' > Prakrit anta; Sanskrit idnta peaceful > Prakrit santa. It remains certain that the adjective thalle, formed as it is with the help of a popular prakritie suflix can only be explained by conditions within Middle Indo-Aryan.
GLEANINGS FROM THE VASUDEVAHINDI
By L. A. SCHWARESCHILD I. The prefix 1- for Ou Sansierit avd-, apa-.
In his article "The Vasudevahindi, a specimen of archaic Jain Maharastri' BSOS 1935, Professor Alsdorf has discussed some of the important morphological peculiarities of this most interesting text.* There remain some minor phonetic problems connected with words occurring in this work: one of these is the replacement of the Oderived from Sanskrit and and apa- byt.
The Sanskrit prefix ava- 'down' normally appears as o- in the various Middle Indo-Aryan dialects according to the general rules of phonetic development. There are however some words in which this o- has become According to the standard works of Geiger and Pischel? o and t, likee and I were easily interchangeable in closed syllables in Middle Indo-Aryan. But it has been shown by Berger that this was not the case, and that the opposition between o and 14, and e and i still had some functional yield. For open syllables a free interchange between o and has never been claimed, and it is therefore all the more surprising to find in the Vasudevahindi
uyariya p. 46 line 11, from Sanskrit avatarita, ulmo from avatirna etc.
ulambio p. 147 line 6, from aualambita, tuiddhani p. 135 line 26 from aaviddhani,
uloyana p. 17 line, 18, from analokana, and further
useraha p. 102 line 7, from apasaratha, thanand p. 102 line 4 from apabhd pana
The meaning of these forms leaves no doubt that they correspond to Sanskrit words beginning with ava- down' and apa- 'away'. Thus uyar-avatar. always means to get down': e.g. p. 46 lines 1011 så vi Samadatta ayriye rahdo 'and Samadatta also was helped down from the chariot'; on p. 147 line 3 in speaking of a well the story-teller says cham syarami md tubbhe 'I am going down, not you'; p. 16 line 4 winno sibigdo 'he got down from the palanquin'. In some instances Prakrit sya. "to get down' alternates with the
References throughout are to the Bhavnagar edition of 1931. Geleer, Pal Literatur und Sprache. Strasburg 1916. 15.
Pischel, Grammatik der Praliterchen, Strasburg 1900. 84 and 119 3. Berger, Zel Probleme der mittelindisches Loutlehre Munich 1955. P 51 3a. For conditioned changes of this kind of. H C. Bhayani's article "Gujerati mam
nasiya vyanjan parveni mül, num Lurupe parivartan. Jon. San. Re. So. 1
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