Collected Articles Of LA Schwarzschild On Indo Aryan 1953 1979

Author(s): Royce Wiles
Publisher: Australian National University

Page 53

48 THE HISTORY OF MODERN DE SANT "0","0" frequent in the works of Bhisa, eg. Svapnavisavadatta Act II, where & maid asks: Bhattidarie, jadi so vidi o bliane... "Princess, if the king were to be ugly ..." Vali mali answers Vasavadatta, dantzario erra. "No, he is handsome." In some of the slightly later dramas one occasionally comes across cases where make without repetition conveys the meaning of "no"e.g. Malavikagnimitra Act III, Malavika: mapaso chandena mawless ? "Do you say this of your own accord?" Maid: Nahi Shattino edim... allhardin."No, these are the words of my master." Even here there is a variant reading with repetition of a
But as regards for the post-canonical Prakrit dialects do not appear to have either of the unusual reinforced negatives found in the canon, dim and whe, though aim is permitted for Prakerit by Hemacandra's Grammar (11.190). In 11.191 Hemacand even gives mfim, which must be derived from má not used with injunctions, while the final syllable is due to the influence of naim the word máim is not to be found in any texts. The Ardha-Migadhi negatives dim and hi are absent even from a popular JainaMaharastri text like the Vasudevahindi, where apart from all the ordinary enlarged forms of the negative we find only nai Sanskrit na cid, Naim and mihi recur in Apabhrama: they are found in the texts of the Digambaras and Svetambarns alike. The resem blance between the Jain canon and Apabhrami s regards negation is more than a coincidence. Ndim und ndhinised in the particularly emphatic passages quoted from the canon, presumably belonged to the popular language and survived as emphatic negatives in those parts of India where the literary Apabhramia were formed. They were then spread far afield by the literary Apabhiramies, as is shown by the wide distribution of the derivatives of Apabhramsa niki
Unlike whi, Apabhraps me seems to have left few direct descendants (possibly Bengali ay may be counted as one of them). This was due to the fact that Apabhramadim was less distinct as a negative, being identical with Apabhrama din (cf. also Apabhrama nam, sim, sirai), which had the meaning of "like", "as if", and was clearly the ancestor of modern Hindi nim. The confusion between him notanda "like" in Apabbra
TRE HISTORY OF MODERN HINDE VANTO", "SOL" 49 affected the other negative particles, so that one finds now "not"
<natu given by Hemaeandrs as an equivalent of "like", while on the other hand om "like" appears with the meaning of "not" in the Sandelarisala. The most curious result of this confusion is found in the works of Hemacandra (Grammar IV 444 and 401, v. 3, and Kumarapalacarita VIIT, 81). Here two particles jai and jan appear in the sense of "like" jag also occurs in the Paumacariu of Svayambhû). It is difficult to dissociate these forms from Eastern Hindi jani, jis "not" which are explained by S. K. Chatterji from yt + na. But not seems to have been too distinctive a form to be affected by this confusion.
Some further features of negation in Middle Indo-Aryan have a bearing on the history of Hindi nahin. There is a negative particle nd in the Maharkytri of the Gaudavaho, and the Apabhrama udhi can sometimes be analysed as nd + (g. Pandadoha v. 94). This form could well originate from na ca > Prakrit na ya "and not","nor", a very frequent combination already in Sanskrit and especially so in Middle Indo-Aryan. It would thus form a parallel to Apabhrama now "not" <mat" but not". Na yo appears in exactly the same combinations as the simple w, and scarcely differs from it in meaning in the Jain canon, e.g. na ylivi appears in the sense of "not even " The Vasudevahindi has ya ay(p. 202, L. 24, Bhavnagar edition), where they had to be repeated to express the meaning of "and", the combination
yo had become equivalent to a simple na. Phonetically and the enclitie
y our formed one word, and so they-ruti was often omitted in writing, for instance in a in the Sauraseni of the Malatimadhava p. 400 (Trivandrum edition). Over a large area of Northern India one would expect the further contraction of saa, "It is known by Bhayani, Pem , Glory ww. waa a from Vedic
by Aldorf, Har d , Glory . The sternstive explanation of fre
e ds more convincing there se sumerous instances where
sily be interpreted am ing the like s Indendoftenditions of Apabila testa tegistranston and the Sanskrit contrastare owe this The chance of ang from the entive
l e
t ve i stand des feature is Prakriteetin
of the la w. The stepper De reden die een of with the Vedie
proble but there is a possibility that Apam pel
i sthods of Expression to those that chat the compartimening of Vedies note Madel, Vedie Gramer for den, pagph 180), and that the
tive articles are not derived from the motive 1 . Baburam Ske, The Evolution of Allahabad, 1987. P. 309.
1 Separate etymologies are wally given for the comparative particles des, and on, but b e of their similarity and multos para they are probably connected with each other. In derived from yra "in suh a manner by Bloch, Langwe Marathi, 205; del from jayale
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