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The Rules Concerning Speech (Bhāsā) in the Syāranga
wholly devoted. Actually, most Dhs give details on proper behaviour in this connexion, whether regarding the time and circumstances, the gestures, the words, intonation syntax......... Generally, though, saluting is not treated as an independent subject; Mn, for instance, includes the topic in the chapter dealing with studentship, where it is specified which words the young man must use according to the age, sex, learning, social status.... of the person whom he addresses (2.121129), and according to circumstances (2.49). Similarly, ApDhS inserts this special, subject in one of the chapters about the general obligations of the Vedic student (1.2.5.15 ff.), his behaviour while begging (1.1.3.28.30, cf; Gaut DhS 2.36), or, again, the conduct of the student who has returned home (1.4.14.7 ff., particularly 1.4. 14. 26-31).... Thus, the matter is considered separately in several developments, where it is discussed with more or less detail :
(2) The same remark would apply to the second set of rules, those which I proposed to term apotropaic. They seem to be given mainly for the snätaka; and to remain comparatively unchanged.
Before stressing that the snātaka should abide by truth, satyadharma ....syāt (9.61, supra), Gautama considers several utterances which are to be avoided. The same warnings recur in other Dhs, especially in ApDhs, the sūtras of which can be conveniently examined (1.11.31. 5-16):
5. And he shall not speak evil of the gods or of the king, (parus am cobhayotdevatänam räjñaśca .... varjayet),
8. He shall not mention the blemishes of a cow, of sacrificial presents, or of a girl.
9. And he shall not announce it .... if a cow does damage (by eating corn or grain in a field).
10. (Nor shall he call attention to it) if a cow is together with her calf....
11-12. And of a cow which is not a milch-cow he shall not say 'She is not a milch-cow'. He must say “This is a cow which will become a milch-cow'.
(nádhenum adhenur iti brāyāt, dhenu-bhavyetyeva brūyat),
16. If he sees a rainbow, he must not say to others, 'Here is Indra's bow'. ? 1. For proper words, ApDhS 1.4.14.26-29; pluti of final vowel, ib 1.2.5.17,
Vas 13.46, Mn 2.125, Pan 8.2.83, quoted in Kane, ib, p. 340; syntax,
GautDhS 2.36, ApDhS 1.1.3 28-30, Mn 2.69. 2. gor daksiņānām kumāryāś ca parivādan varjayet (8)
stthantom ca gãm năcakşita (9) samspstām ca vatsenänimitte (10) nendradhanur iti parasmai prabrāyāt (18)
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