________________
सचित्र उत्तराध्ययन सूत्र
अष्टादश अध्ययन [ 220]
IMPORTANT NOTES
Verse 23-In ancient times there were four schools of philosophy-1. Kriyavada, 2. Akriyavada. 3. Ajnanavada, and 4. Vinayavada. According to Sutrakritanga they are as follows
(1) Kriyavada-This school accepted the existence of soul, but they were suspicious about its attributes like all pervading or non-pervading, doer or non-doer, with form or formless etc.
(2) Akriyavada-This school did not accept even the existence of soul. Therefore it was devoid of concepts like merit-demerit, this world, next world, cycles of rebirth, liberation etc. This was the agnostic school of the remote past.
(3) Ajnanavada-This school believed in liberation only through ignorance. Its view was that knowledge is the root cause of all sins. All disputes have their origin in knowledge. Liberation is attained by completely uprooting knowledge.
(4) Vinayavada-This school believed in liberation only through modesty and humility. According to this school all miseries are removed only by respectful salutation of gods, demons, kings, poor, hermits, sensual pleasure seekers, elephants, horses, cows, buffaloes, jackals; in other words the goal of liberation is attained only through paying homage with devotion to all divine beings, humans, animals or birds.
There were 180 sub-sects of Kriyavada, 84 of Akriyayada, 64 of Ajnanavada and 32 of Vinayavada. Thus total number of the heretic sects was 363.
Verse 28 The meaning of the phrase 'Divyavarshashatopam', as told by Kshatriya ascetic, is that as in popular belief the complete life-span of a human being is one hundred years, in the same way the complete life-span of a god is also one hundred divine-years.
'Paali' is interpreted as Palyopam and Mahapaali as Sagaropam (units of metaphoric scale of time). Paali is ordinary water body like a pond and Mahapaali as an enormous water body like an
ocean.
Palyopam-A large pit of one Yojan (eight miles) volume is packed with tips of hair grown in one to seven days. Once filled, it is emptied by taking out one hair-tip every hundred years. The total time taken in emptying the pit thus is called one Palyopam. Ten koda-kodi (ten million multiplied by ten million) Palyopams make one Sagaropam (for detailed description of metaphoric time scale refer to Illustrated Anuyogadvar Sutra, Part II, p. 157). Thus sagar is a unit of time as enormous as the number of water drops in an ocean. It is a metaphor or upama. Therefore these units are called palyopam (like a well or pit) and sagaropam (like an ocean).
Note-For the stories of the kings mentioned in this chapter refer to Uttaradhyayan Mahima. Brief details are given in illustrations.
Verse 51-The term sirasaa sira means to sacrifice head in order to gain head. The indication is that he sacrificed head (pride) to acquire head (the loftiest status of the liberated).
卐
