Ahimsa Tattva Darshan

Author(s): Mahapragna Acharya
Publisher: Adarsh Sahitya Sangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003133/1

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SIECI yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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do dazaka bhI pUre nahIM hue haiN| jana-sAdhAraNa ke lie terApaMtha aura AcArya bhikSu ajJeya the| jo kucha zreya thA vaha bhI bhramapUrNa / AcAryazrI tulasI isa sthiti ko badalane meM saMlagna the| ve AcArya bhikSu ke dRSTikoNa ko yuga kI bhAva-bhASA meM prastuta kara rahe the| AcAryazrI kI vANI meM naye tarka the, navIna paddhati bhI aura spaSTokti kA nayA prakAra thaa| pratipAdana kI isa paddhati ne dUsare logoM ko vismaya meM DAla diyaa| ve azruta ko suna rahe hoM, vaisA mAna rahe the| kucha terApaMthI bhI apane ko samhAla nahIM sake / isa sthiti meM yaha apekSA huI ki eka doharA upakrama kiyA jAe-jo terApaMtha ke anuyAyI nahIM haiM unake lie jainAgama sUtroM ke va anyAnya vicArakoM ke mAdhyama se AcArya bhikSu kA dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA jAe aura jo terApaMthI haiM unake lie AcArya bhikSu kI vANI hI prastuta kI jaae| isa bhitti para 'ahiMsA tattva darzana' ke do khaNDa bana gye| ahiMsA korA vicAra nahIM hai| mUlataH vaha AcAra hai / AcAra ke sAtha utanA nyAya nahIM hotA jitanA vicAra ke sAtha hotA hai| vicAra se adhika yadi AcAra na ho to kama-se-kama itanA avazya ho ki vicAra se kama AcAra na ho| tIsarA khaNDa AcAra pakSa se saMbaMdhita hai| isa dRSTi se yaha pustaka apane Apa meM pUrNa hai|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana

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Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana

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DDDDDDDDD ahiMsA GOO darzana our yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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saMpAdakaH muni dulaharAja (c) Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAjasthAna) pUjya bar3e dAdA jI svargIya zrI gaMgAjala jI DAbar3IvAlA evaM dAdA jI __ svargIya zrI jAlUrAma jI DAbar3IvAlA kI puNya smRti meM zrI rAjendra kumAra DAbar3IvAlA kalakattA ke sahayoga se prkaashit| mUlya : bAraha rupaye / tRtIya saMskaraNa, 1988 | prakAzaka : kamaleza caturvedI, prabaMdhaka : Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAjasthAna)/mudraka : paGkaja priMTarsa, dillI-53

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merI zabdAtmA meM jinakI arthAtmA kA caitanya hai una AcAryazrI tulasI

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prathama saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA lagabhaga solaha varSa pahale kI bAta hai maiM gocarI karake AyA aura prathama darzana meM hI AcArya zrI ne pUchA-'kyA tuma likhoge? likha sakoge?' maiMne kahA-'hAM / ' merI svIkArokti meM Atma-vizvAsa aura AcArya zrI ke AzIrvAda kA saMketa thaa| AcArya zrI kucha saMdigdha the| unheM merI 'lekhanI' ke bAre meM koI saMdeha nahIM thA, sandeha thA bhASA ke bAre meN| usase pUrva AcAryazrI nahIM jAnate the ki maiMne hindI meM kucha likhA hai yA maiM likha sakatA huuN| maiM bhI nahI jAnatA thA ki maiMne hindI meM kucha likhA hai yA maiM likha sakatA huuN| maiM bhI nahIM jatAnA cAhatA thA ki maiMne hindI meM kucha likhA hai / usa samaya taka maiM adhikAMzataH saMskRta meM hI likhatA rhaa| mana meM saMkoca thA ki hindI meM likheM use AcAryazrI kyA samajheMge? __ AcAryazrI ne kahA, 'hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA kA patra AyA hai| ve ahiMsA ke viSaya meM eka pustaka likha rahe haiN| unhoMne AcArya bhikSu kI vyAkhyA ke anusAra eka ahiMsA viSayaka nibandha mAMgA hai| hindI meM mAMgA hai| hindI meM likhanA hai-likha loge ?' maiMne khaa--'haaN|' ___AcArya bhikSu ko par3hane kA pahalA avasara thaa| unako par3hane kA artha thA ahiMsA ko pddh'naa| mere lie ahiMsA aura AcArya bhikSu ekArthaka jaise bana ge| aba hindI meM likhane kA dvAra khula gyaa| ahiMsA kI gaharAI meM paiThane kI bhAvanA bala pakar3atI gii| nimitta aura avasara milate ge| krama Age bddh'aa| 'dharma aura loka-vyavahAra,' 'unnIsavIM sadI kA nayA AviSkAra', 'vastu-darzana', 'dayA-dAna', 'ahiMsA aura usake vicAraka', 'ahiMsA kI sahI samajha' Adi pustakeM aura nibandha likhe ge| do dazaka bhI pUre nahIM hue haiN| jana-sAdhAraNa ke lie terApaMtha aura AcArya bhikSu ajJeya the| jo kucha jJeya thA vaha bhI bhramapUrNa / AcAryazrI tulasI isa sthiti ko badalane meM saMlagna the| ve AcArya bhikSu ke dRSTikoNa ko yuga kI bhASA meM prastuta kara rahe the| AcAryazrI kI vANI meM nae tarka the, navIna paddhati thI aura spaSTokti kA nayA prakAra thaa| pratipAdana kI isa paddhati ne dUsare logoM ko vismaya meM DAla diyaa| ve azruta ko suna rahe hoM, vaisA mAna rahe the| kucha terApaMthI bhI apane ko samhAla nahIM sake / isa sthiti meM yaha apekSA huI ki eka doharA upakrama kiyA jAe-jo terApaMtha ke anuyAyI nahIM haiM unake lie jainAgama sUtroM va anyAnya vicArakoM ke mAdhyama se AcArya bhikSu kA dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA

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jAe aura jo terApaMthI haiM unake lie AcArya bhikSu kI vANI prastuta kI jAe / isa bhitti para 'ahiMsA tattva darzana' ke do khaNDa bana gae / ahiMsA korA vicAra nahIM hai / mUlata: vaha AcAra hai / AcAra ke sAtha utanA nyAya nahIM hotA jitanA vicAra ke sAtha hotA hai / vicAra se adhika yadi AcAra na ho to kama-se-kama itanA avazya ho ki vicAra se kama AcAra na ho / tIsarA khaNDa AcAra-pakSa se sambandhita hai / isa dRSTi se yaha pustaka apane Apa meM pUrNa hai / pUrNa kA artha yaha nahIM ki apUrNa nahIM hai / ahiMsA jaise viSaya ko zabdoM kI pUrNatA kaba kaise prApta ho sakatI hai ? isa grantha meM aitihAsika dRSTi se vizleSaNa karanA apekSita thA para isakA nirmANa akalpita hI huA / AcAryazrI ne eka nibandha likhane ko kahA thA, nibandha kucha bar3A ho gyaa| sahaja hI kalpanA Age bar3hI aura eka grantha bana gyaa| chaha varSa pahale hI yaha sampanna ho gayA thaa| dUsare- dUsare kAryoM meM vyasta rahA, isalie aitihAsika dRSTi se vizleSaNa karane kI icchA ko abhI bhI maiM apane saMjoe hue hUM / AcAryazrI kI preraNA ke prati mana meM jo kRtajJatA kA bhAva hai, vaha zabdoM kI pakar3a se pare hai / ahiMsA kA samudra mahAn hai / usameM mila yaha grantha- bindu bhI apane Apako amita pAegA / 2017 zrAvaNa zuklA 13 bAla niketana, rAjasamaMda udayapura (mevAr3a) dvitIya saMskaraNa 1 'ahiMsA tattva darzana' kA dvitIya saMskaraNa sacamuca nayA saMskaraNa hai / prathama saMskaraNa meM sAmagrI kA cayana pramukha thA, gumphana gauNa / phUloM ke cayana meM vaha suSamA nahIM hotI, jo unake gumphana meM hotI hai / mAlA meM jo kramabaddha vinyAsa hotA hai, vahI isa saMskaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai / vicAroM kI kramabaddhatA aura nae gumphana ke kAraNa prastuta saMskaraNa pAThaka ko nae grantha jaisA hI lagegA / terApaMtha bhavana, madrAsa - 1 10 sitambara, 1968 ( muni nathamala ) - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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tRtIya saMskaraNa ahiMsA tattva darzana kA tRtIya saMskaraNa IsvI san 1987 ke parisamApana meM hI A rahA hai / jaise-jaise hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai, vaise-vaise ahiMsA ke prati dhyAna AkarSita ho rahA hai| kintu hiMsA kI jar3a taka pahuMce binA isakA nirAkaraNa saMbhava nahIM aura ahiMsA kI gaharAiyoM meM gotA lagAe binA usakI saMprApti bhI saMbhava nhiiN| prastuta grantha meM hiMsA ke vibhinna pahaluoM para vimarza kiyA gayA hai| vaha usake hRdaya ko chUne kA eka prayatna hai| isa vimarza meM prAcIna AcAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha AcArya bhikSu aura mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI jur3e hue haiN| pAribhASika zabdAvalI ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM isa grantha kA viSaya adhika gahare cintana, manana aura maMthana kI apekSA rakhatA hai| AkAza kI UMcAiyoM ko chUne ke lie atala kI gaharAiyoM meM jAnA avazya saMprApta hai / usake lie Avazyaka hogA-eka nayA prayatna aura nayA prasthAna / vaha samAja, rAjya Adi sabhI kSetroM ko prabhAvita karane para bhI apanI sattA ko svataMtra rakhane vAlI ahiMsA kA svarUpa samajhA skegaa| aNuvata-vihAra naI dillI 25 disaMbara 1987 -yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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anukrama prathama khaNDa adhyAya 1 ahiMsA kA Adisrota; sAmAjika astitva aura ahiMsA; AtmA kA astitva aura ahiMsA; bhAgavAn RSabha aura ahiMsA; prANAtipAta viramaNa aura ahiMsA; bhagavAna pArzva; bhagavAn mahAvIra; munidharma; gRhastha-dharma; ahiMsA ke sandarbha meM naitika nirdeza; satya ke sandarbha meM naitika nirdeza; acaurya ke sambandha meM naitika nirdeza; brahmacarya ke saMdarbha meM naitika nirdeza; parigraha ke saMdarbha meM naitika nirdeza; tIna guNavata; cAra zikSAvrata / adhyAya 2 ahiMsA; ahiMsA kI paribhASA; ahiMsA kA svarUpa; ahiMsA kI maryAdA; ahiMsA kA vyAvahArika hetu; ahiMsA kA naizcayika hetu; Atmaupamya-dRSTi; ahiMsA ke do rUpa; nakArAtmaka ahiMsA; ahiMsA Atma-saMyama kA mArga; ahiMsA : apanI-apanI dRSTi meM; ahiMsA kI samasyA; Atma-rakSA; zastra-viveka / adhyAya 3 hiMsA; hiMsA kI paribhASA; hiMsA ke prakAra; artha-daNDa; anartha-daNDa; hiMsA-daNDa; akasmAt-daNDa; dRSTi-viparyAsa-daNDa; hiMsA ke nimittaH mitra-doSa-nimittaka; mAna-nimittaka; mAyA-nimittaka; lobha-nimittaka; trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA ke nimitta; sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA ke nimitta; ajJAnavaza hiMsA; sthAvara jIvoM kI dazA aura vedanA; hiMsA sabake lie samAna; hiMsA-virati kA upadeza; hiMsA ke pariNAma kA nirNaya; hiMsA kA sUkSma vicAra; adhikaraNa; hiMsA kA viveka aura tyAga; hiMsA jIvana kI paravazatA /

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adhyAya 4 46 AdhyAtmikatA kA mApadaNDa : virati; vRtti, vyakti aura vastu kA sambandha; saMyama aura asaMyama kI bhedarekhA; ahiMsA aura hiMsA ke nirNAyaka koNa; prANAtipAta (prANa-vadha); niSkAma-karma aura ahiNsaa| 70 adhyAya 5 sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa; AtmavAdI dRSTikoNa; adhyAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa; mUlyAMkana ke sApekSa dRssttikonn| 78 adhyAya 6 ahiMsA kA rAjapatha : eka aura akhaNDa; sthAvara-jIva-hiMsA; jIvana kI avibhakti aura vibhakti; sAmAjika-dRSTi aura mokSa-dRSTi; sAmAjika bhUmikA aura ahiMsA; sAmAjika aura dhArmika pravRtti kA pRthakkaraNa kyoM ?; sAmAjika vyakti samAja-vimukha nahIM ho sakatA; sAmAjika kartavya kA AdhAra sAmAjikatA / adhyAya 7 86 pravartaka aura nivartaka dharma; pravartaka aura nivartaka dharma kA AdhAra; pravartaka aura nivartaka dharmaH svarUpa aura phalita; pravartaka dharma kI tulanA meM; dharma kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana; laukika; vaidika; AdhyAtmika; bauddhapravacana meM dharma zabda; Atma-dharma aura loka-dharma; adhyAtma-dharma aura loka-dharma kA pRthakkaraNa / dvitIya khaNDa adhyAya 1 105 AcArya bhikSu kauna the ?; siMha-puruSa AcArya bhikSu (jIvana-jhA~kI); AcArya bhikSu kA adhyAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa; zabda-racanA meM mata ulajhie; vivekazIla uttara-paddhati; zabda-racanA kI prakriyA; vizleSaNa kA maarg|

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adhyAya 2 120 ahiMsA ke phalitArtha; ahiMsA kI maryAdA : Atma-rakSA; ahiMsA kA uddezya; rAga aura dveSa; tattva : do rUpa; anukampA : do rUpa; ahiMsA aura dayA; ahiMsA aura dayA ke udgama srota; ahiMsA aura dayA kI ekAtmakatA; Atma-dayA aura laukika dyaa| adhyAya 3 148 preya aura zreya kA viveka; bandhana aura bandhana-mukti kA viveka; uTho aura uThAo-jAgo aura jagAo; jaina-paramparA ke Aroha-avaroha; jaina-dharma kA AdhAra; vicAra-parivartana / adhyAya 4 jaina-darzana kI samagra dRSTi aura hiMsA-ahiMsA; hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA viveka; puNya aura dharma kA svarUpa-bheda; sakaSAya jIvana : eka aura akhnndd| adhyAya 5 dAna-mImAMsA; supAtra-kupAtra; pAtra-kupAtra-vicAra; purAnI paramparA; dharmAdharma ke nirNaya kI kasauTI virati hai, veza nahIM; dasa prakAra ke daan| tRtIya khaNDa adhyAya 1 183 ahiMsA kI kucha apekSAeM; anyAya kA pratikAra; adhyAtma ke vicArabindu; niSkriya ahiMsA kA upayoga; ahiMsA kA samagra rUpa; svAsthyasAdhanA; ahiMsA kA viveka; khAdya-viveka; antarmukhI dRSTi; vikAraparihAra kI sAdhanA; viveka-darzana; Atma-darzana; bhirvyaapaar-vrjn| 204 adhyAya 2 hRdaya-parivartana kI smsyaa|

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prathama khaNDa

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ahiMsA kA Adisrota ___ ahiMsA kI sthApanA kA pahalA dina sundara atIta ke garbha meM hai, isalie vaha hameM jJAta nahIM hai / ajJAta ke viSaya meM hama yA to kalpanA kara sakate haiM, yA anumAna / kalpanA aura anumAna apane-apane saMskAroM ke anusAra calate haiM, isIlie sAre kalpanAkAra aura anumAtA kisI eka niSkarSa para nahIM phuNcte| merI kalpanA aura anumAna sarvathA abhrAnta hai, yaha kahakara to maiM apanI apUrNatA kI hI abhivyakti kara pAUMgA, sacAI kA vaha AdhAra prastuta nahIM kara sakU~gA jo sabake lie samAna rUpa se mAnya ho / isa viSaya meM mujhe itanA hI kahanA cAhie ki merI kalpanA aura anumAna kI AdhAra-bhUmi susthira hai, prakampamAna nahIM hai| Aja bhI ahiMsA kI vyApti aura svIkRti anya darzanoM kI apekSA jainadarzana meM adhika hai, isalie usakA AdikAlIna astitva jainadarzana aura dharma kI paramparA meM khojanA hI adhika vAstavika hogaa| sAmAjika astitva aura ahiMsA sAmAjika astitva se pahale yaugalika jIvana kI paddhati pracalita thii| puruSa aura strI kA sahajIvana thaa| ve loga prAkRtika sampadA ke sahAre jIte the| khAne, rahane aura pahanane-or3hane ke lie vRkSoM para nirbhara the| yaha kahane meM koI atyukti nahIM hogI ki ve vRkSopajIvI the| AvazyakatAeM kama thIM, isalie pravRttiyAM bhI kama thiiN| janasaMkhyA kama thiiN| isalie unakI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti bhI saralatA se ho jAtI thii| AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti sahajabhAva se ho jAtI thI, isalie yaugalika manuSyoM ke sAmane saMgharSa kI sthitiyAM nahIM thiiN| ve zAMta jIvana jIte the| krodha, abhimAna,

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ahiMsA tattva darzana mAyA aura lobha upazAnta the / saMgraha nahIM thA, isalie na corI thI, na hiMsA aura ldd'aaiyaaN| na koI vidhi-vidhAna thA, na zAsana aura na koI vyvsthaa| ve mukta aura svAvalambI jIvana jIte the| janasaMkhyA kI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha nayA mor3a A gyaa| aba prAkRtika vanasampadA unakI AvazyakatA-pUrti ke lie paryApta nahIM rhii| saMgharSa aura chInAjhapaTI ke aMkura panapane lge| isa paristhiti meM sAmAjika jIvana aura vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta huaa| prArambha meM kuloM aura kulakaroM kI vyavasthA huii| kRSi, vyApAra aura surakSA ke pravartana ke sAtha-sAtha AvazyakatAeM aura pravRttiyAM donoM bar3ha gaI / ___ jahAM aneka AvazyakatAeM aura aneka pravRttiyAM hotI haiM, vahAM saMgraha-vRtti kA vikAsa hotA hai / saMgraha ke paripArzva meM hiMsA, asatya aura corI ko bhI vikasita hone kA avasara milatA hai| sAmAjika pravRttiyoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha hiMsA Adi bhI vikasita hue| hiMsA Adi ke vikAsa se navanirmita samAja meM avyavasthA phailI, use kulakara nahIM samhAla sake / usa paristhiti meM rAjataMtra kA udaya huaa| daNDa ke dvArA hiMsA Adi kI rokathAma aura vyavasthA sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA gyaa| yaha hiMsA aura usake damana kI Adima kahAnI hai / sAmAjika astitva aura ahiMsA jisa dina manuSya samAja ke rUpa meM saMgaThita rahane lagA, ApasI sahayoga, vinimaya tathA vyavasthA ke anusAra jIvana bitAne lagA, taba use sahiSNu banane kI AvazyakatA huii| dUsare manuSya ko na mArane, satAne aura kaSTa na dene kI vRtti bnii| prArambha meM apane parivAra ke manuSyoM ko na mArane kI vRtti rahI hogI, phira kramazaH apane par3osI ko, apane grAmavAsI ko, apane rASTravAsI ko, hote-hote kisI bhI manuSya ko na mArane kI cetanA bana gii| manuSya ke bAda apane upayogI jAnavaroM aura pakSiyoM ko bhI na mArane kI vRtti bana gii| ahiMsA kI yaha bhAvanA sAmAjika jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha hI prArambha huI aura usakI upayogitA ke lie hI vikasita huI, isalie usakI maryAdA bahuta Age nahIM bar3ha skii| vaha samAja kI upayogitA taka hI sImita rhii| ___ sAmAjika jIvana, AvazyakatAoM kA vikAsa aura pravRttiyoM kA vikAsayaha sAmAjika vikAsa kA pravAha-krama hai| isameM do virodhI dhArAe~ vikasita hotI haiN| jaise 1. hiMsA aura ahiMsA, 2. satya aura asatya,

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 3. caurya aura acaurya, 4. svArtha aura parArtha / yadi hiMsA Adi tatva hI vikasita hote to sAmAjika jIvana udita hone se pahale hI asta ho jAtA aura yadi ahiMsA Adi tattva hI vikasita hote to sAmAjika jIvana gatizIla nahIM bntaa| isa tathya kI svIkRti vAstavikatA kI abhivyakti mAtra hogI ki hiMsA aura ahiMsA-ye donoM tattva sAmAjika astitva ko dhAraNa kie hue haiN| ye donoM bhinna dizAgAmI haiM. isalie inheM virodhI dhArAeM kahA jA sakatA hai kintu donoM eka lakSya (samAja-vikAsa)-gAmI haiM, isa stara para inheM avirodhI dhArAe~ bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| AtmA kA astitva aura ahiMsA koI bhI vikAsa ekapakSIya dhArA meM apanA astitva banAe nahIM rakha sktaa| hara vikAsa kI pratikriyA hotI hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa pratipakSI tattva kA vikAsa-krama prAraMbha hotA hai| bhautika astitva kI pratikriyA ne manuSya ko Atmika astitva kI ora gatimAn bnaayaa| use isa satya kI dRSTi prApta huI ki cetana kA astitva acetana se svataMtra hai| yaha jagata cetana aura acetana-ina do sattAoM kA sAMsargika astitva hai| usa dina sAmAjika vikAsa ke sAmane Atmika vikAsa aura rAjataMtra ke sAmane Atma-taMtra kA prathama sUtrapAta huaa| isa sUtrapAta ne ahiMsA Adi kA mUlya-parivartana kara ddaalaa| sAmAjika astitva ke stara para unakA mUlya sApekSa aura sasIma thA, vaha Atmika astitva ke stara para nirapekSa aura niHsIma ho gyaa| sAmAjika kSetra meM ahiMsA kA artha thA prANAtipAta kA AMzika niSedhamanuSyoM tathA manuSyopayogI pazu-pakSiyoM ko na maarnaa| aura na mArane kA lakSya thA, sAmAjika suvyavasthA kA nirmANa aura sthAyitva / Atmika kSetra meM ahiMsA kA artha huA prANAtipAta kA sarvathA niSedha -kisI prANI ko na mAranA, na maravAnA aura mAranevAle kA anumodana bhI nahIM karanA / prANAtipAta ke sarvathA niSedha kA lakSya thA mukti yAnI paripUrNa Atmodaya / mukti kA darzana jaise-jaise vikasita huA, vaise-vaise ahiMsA kI maryAdA bhI vyApaka hotI calI gii| vyApaka maryAdA meM isa bhASA ko avyApta mAnA gayA ki prANAtipAta hI hiMsA hai aura aprANAtipAta hI ahiMsA hai| vahA~ hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI paribhASA kI AdhAra-bhitti avirati aura virati bana gii| avirati-yAnI vaha mAnasika granthi jo manuSya ko prANAtipAta karane meM sakriya karatI hai, jaba taka upazAnta yA

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ahiMsA tattva darzana kSINa nahIM hotI taba taka hiMsA kA bIja unmalita nahIM hotaa| isalie hiMsA kA mUla avirati hai, prANAtipAta usakA pariNAma hai / yaha vyakta hiMsA usa mAnasika granthi yA avyakta hiMsA ke astitva meM hI saMbhava hai| virati-hiMsA-preraka mAnasika granthi kI mukti jaba ho jAtI hai, taba hiMsA kA bIja unmUlita ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA kA mUla virati hai, aprANAtipAta usakA pariNAma hai, yaha vyakta ahiMsA hiMsA-preraka mAnasika granthi kI mukti hone para hI vikAsazIla banatI hai| isa prakAra AtmA ke astitva meM ahiMsA ke artha, udgama aura lakSya meM AmUlacUla parivartana ho gyaa| bhagavAn RSabha aura ahiMsA karma-yuga ke vikAsa ke sAtha rAjataMtra kI sthApanA huI, taba pahale rAjA RSabha bane the| ve kulakara nAbhi ke putra the| unakI rAjadhAnI thI ayodhyaa| ___ RSabha ne prajA ke nirvAha aura abhyudaya ke lie pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa kiyA-kRSi, vyApAra aura surakSA Adi sAmAjika karmoM kA svayaM saMcAlana kiyaa| zilpa, kalA aura vyavasAya ke pravartana kA uddezya yahI thA ki janatA kI jIvikA cale, bhalI-bhA~ti nirvAha ho, jisase corI aura chInA-jhapaTI kI Adata panapa rahI hai, vaha nirmUla ho jaae| sAmAjika vikAsa aura janasaMkhyA kI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha yadi pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa nahIM huA hotA to saMbhava hai khAdyAbhAva ke kAraNa samAja asAmAjika tattvoM kA gar3ha bana jAtA aura phira hiMsaka pazuoM kI bhAMti asAmAjika avasthA meM calA jaataa| kintu RSabha kA kartavya-bodha itanA prabala thA ki unhoMne navanirmita samAja ko usa bhayaMkara paristhiti se bacA liyaa| RSabha ke putra bharata ke nAma se himavarSa kA nAma bhAratavarSa huA thaa| jainasAhitya ke atirikta purANa bhI isa tathya kA samarthana karate haiN| vaidika sAhitya meM bhI RSabha ke bAre meM aneka ullekha milate haiN| __ RSabha usa Adiyuga ke sUtradhAra haiM, jisameM sAmAjika jIvana kA zilAnyAsa huA thA aura saMbhavataH RSabha ke hAthoM se hI huA thaa| RSabha usa Adiyuga ke sUtradhAra haiM jisameM sAmAjika kartavya kA zrIgaNeza huA thA aura saMbhavataH RSabha ke hAthoM se hI huA thaa| RSabha usa Adiyuga ke sUtradhAra haiM jisameM mukti-sAdhanA kA AdhAra-stambha khar3A kiyA gayA thA aura unhIM ke hAthoM se kiyA gayA thaa| isIlie RSabha kisI samAja, paramparA aura sampradAya se Abaddha nahIM haiM kintu sArvajanika haiN| yuga ke Adi-pravartaka ke rUpa meM unakI sarvatra pratiSThA hai|

Page #21
ahiMsA tattva darzana zramaNa loga unheM prathama tIrthaMkara (dharma-pravartaka) mAnate haiM aura vaidika loga unheM AThavAM avatAra mAnate haiN| ___ Aja ke itihAsakAra bhAratIya sImA se pare bhI unakI pratiSThA kA darzana karate haiN| pro0 Ara0 jI0 mArza ne alAsiyA (sAiprasa) se prApta I0 pU0 bArahavIM zatI kI rezepha mUrti para gaveSaNAtmaka lekha likhakara yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki rezepha bhAratIya RSabha kA hI nAma hai / / dhvanizAstrIya dRSTi se bhI isameM sacAI pratIta hotI hai| rezepha aura RSabha ke uccAraNa meM jo antara hai, vaha mAtra bhaugolika sthitikRta hai, vAstavika nahIM hai| bhagavAn RSabha ke ahiMsA-siddhAnta se samUcA vizva lAbhAnvita huA, yaha kahane ke lie mujhe koI AdhAra prApta nahIM hai para usase vizva kA bahuta bar3A bhAga lAbhAnvita huA, yaha kahanA asaMgata nahIM hai| RSabha ne lambe samaya taka sAmAjika pravRttiyoM kA saMcAlana kiyaa| phira anta meM rAjya kA dAyitva bharata ke kandhoM para DAla muni bana ge| sAmAjika dAyitva sa~bhAlA taba RSabha ne pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa kiyA aura jaba sAdhanA ke lie Age bar3he taba usa dAyitva se mukta ho ge| ahiMsA ko pUrNarUpa se svIkAra karane vAloM ke do saMgha bane-sAdhu aura saadhvii| use yathAzakti svIkAra karane vAloM ke bhI do saMgha bane-zrAvaka aura shraavikaa| itane prAcIna kAla meM ahiMsA ke AcaraNa ke lie saMgha kI sthApanA kA yaha pahalA varNana milatA hai| kintu yaha prAgaitihAsika ghaTanA hai| itihAsa ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko hI yaha zreya milatA hai| prANAtipAta viramaNa aura ahiMsA RSabha ne jo sAdhanA apanAyI vaha ahiMsA kI thii| unhoMne sarva prANAtipAta kA viramaNa kiyaa| yahIM se ahiMsA kA srota bahA / upadezalabdha dharma kA pravartana huaa| dUsaroM kA prANa nAza karanA manuSya ke hita meM nahIM hai isa bhAvanA ne prANAtipAta-virati kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| usakA vikAsa hote-hote vaha catUrUpa bana gii| 1-2. para-prANa-vadha jaise pApa hai, vaise sva-prANa-vadha bhI pApa hai| 3-4. para ke Atma-guNa kA vinAza karanA jaise pApa hai, vaise apane Atma-guNa kA vinAza karanA bhI pApa hai| 1. R.G. Marse-The historic importance of bronze statue of Reshief, discovered in Syprus (Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, Poona, Vol. XIV, PP. 230-36)

Page #22
ahiMsA tattva darzana prANAtipAta viramaNa ke isa vistRta artha ko saMkSepa meM rakhane kI AvazyakatA huI taba 'ahiMsA' zabda prayoga meM aayaa| isakA sambandha kevala prANa-vadha se na hokara asat-pravRtti mAtra se hotA hai| kalpanA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha saMgata lagatA hai| pahale-pahala jaba dUsaroM ko na mArane kI bhAvanA utpanna huI, taba usakI abhivyakti ke lie 'prANAtipAta virati' zabda hI paryApta thaa| kintu anubhava jaise Age bar3hA, prANa-vadha ke binA bhI pravRttiyoM meM doSa pratIta huA, taba eka aise zabda kI AvazyakatA huI, jo kevala prANa-vadha kA abhivyaMjaka na hokara sadoSa-pravRtti mAtra (AtmA kI vibhAva pariNita mAtra) kA vyaMjaka ho| isI khoja ke phalasvarUpa ahiMsA zabda prayoga meM AyA / isa kalpanA ko sAhitya kA AdhAra bhI mila jAtA hai| 1. AcArAMga sUtra meM tIna mahAvrata-ahiMsA, satya aura bahiddhAdAna kA ullekha milatA hai| 2. sthAnAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi meM cAra yAma-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya aura vahiddhAdAna kA ullekha milatA hai| cAturyAma kA ullekha bauddha piTakoM meM bhI huA hai| 3. pAMca mahAvrata-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA ullekha aneka sthaloM para huA hai / ' jaina AgamoM ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAMca mahAvratAtmaka dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA aura zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne cAturyAma dharma kaa| isa trividhi paramparA kA phalita yaha huA ki dharma kA maulika rUpa ahiMsA hai| satya Adi usakA vistAra hai| isIlie AcAryoM ne likhA hai-'avasesA tassa rakkhaTThA'--zeSa vrata ahiMsA kI surakSA ke lie haiN| kAvya kI bhASA meM 'ahiMsA dhAna hai, satya Adi usakI rakSA karane vAle bAr3e haiM / 5 'ahiMsA' jala hai aura satya Adi usakI rakSA ke lie setu haiN|6 sAra yahI hai ki dUsare sabhI vrata 1. AcArAMga 8 / 15 : jAmA tiNNi udaahiyaa| 2. (ka) sthAnAMga 266 : (kha) uttarAdhyayana 23 / 23 : cAujjAmo ujo dhammo, jo imo paMca sikkhiyo| desio vaddhamANeyaM, pAseNa ya mahAmuNI // 3. dIrghanikAya : cAturyAma saMvara sNbuttii| 4. uttarAdhyaya 21 / 22: / ahiMsasaccaM ca ateNagaM ca, tato ya baMbhaM ca apariggahaM ca / pahivajjiyA paMca mahanvayAI, carijja dhammaM jiNadesiyaM viuu|| 5. hAribhadrIya aSTaka 16 / 5 ahiMsAzasyasaMrakSaNe vRttikalpatvAta satyAdivatAnAm 6. yogazAstra prakAza 2 : ahiMsA payasaH pAlibhUtAnyanyavratAni yat..."

Page #23
ahiMsA tattva darzana ahiMsA ke hI pahalU haiN| bhagavAn ariSTanemi bhI itihAsa ke chora ke samIpavartI haiM / ye kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| ye apane vivAha ke nimitta hone vAlI jIva-jantuoM kI hiMsA ko apane lie aniSTa mAna vivAha ThukarA dete haiM aura muni bana jAte haiN| kevalajJAna pAkara phira ahiMsA kI dezanA dete haiM aura saMgha kI sthApanA karate haiN| chAndogya-upaniSad (3 / 17) ke anusAra ghoraAMgirasa RSi kRSNa ke AdhyAtmika guru the| unhoMne kRSNa ko Atma-yajJa kI zikSA dii| usa yajJa kI dakSiNA hai-tapazcaryA, dAna, RjubhAva, ahiMsA aura sty-vcn| inake AdhAra para tathA vizeSa rUpa se AtmayajJa, jo ahiMsA kA dUsarA nAma hai, ke AdhAra para yaha kalpanA hotI hai ki ghoraAMgirasa bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA hI nAma hogaa| ghora zabda bhI jaina muniyoM ke AcAra aura tapasyA kA pratirUpaka hai| bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke samaya meM ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra bahula mAtrA meM huaa| zrIkRSNa sUkSma jIva aura vanaspati jIvoM kI hiMsA ke vicAra se cAturmAsa meM rAjyasabhA kA Ayojana bhI nahIM karate the| __ bhagavAn ariSTanemi se bhagavAn RSabha sudUra atIta meM hue the| phira bhI bhagavAn RSabha se ahiMsA kI jo dhArA phUTI thI, vaha madhyAvadhi meM kabhI-kabhI kSINa hokara bhI sUkhI nahIM thii| bhagavAn pArzva bhagavAn pArzva aitihAsika vyakti mAne jAte haiN| unakA samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 250 varSa pUrva (I0 pU0 AThavIM zatI) bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAn pArzva ko puruSAdAnIya vizeSaNa se vizeSita karate the| yaha unakI lokapriyatA kA sUcaka hai| RSabha ke bAda yadi kisI dUsare ahiMsA-pravartaka kI vyApaka pratiSThA hai to pArzva kI hai| baMgAla aura ur3IsA kI AdivAsI jAtiyoM meM bhI unakA bahuta samAdara rahA hai| adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzambI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke caturyAma dharma aura saMgha ke bAre meM likhate haiM - pArzva kA dharma bilakula sIdhA-sAdA thaa| hiMsA, asatya, steya tathA parigraha; ina cAra bAtoM ke tyAga karane kA vaha upadeza dete the| itane prAcIna kAla meM ahiMsA ko itanA susambaddha rUpa dene kA yaha pahalA hI udAharaNa hai| sinAI parvata para mojesa ko Izvara ne jo dasa AjJAe~ sunAI, unameM "hatyA mata karo", isakA bhI samAveza thaa| para una AjJAoM ko sunakara mojesa aura

Page #24
ahiMsA tattva darzana unake anuyAyI pailesTAina meM ghuse aura vahAM khUna kI nadiyAM bahAI / na jAne kitane logoM ko katla kiyA aura na jAne kitanI yuvatI striyoM ko pakar3akara Apasa meM bAMTa liyaa| ina bAtoM ko ahiMsA kahanA ho to phira hiMsA kise kahA jAe ? tAtparya yaha hai ki pArzva ke pahale pRthvI para saccI ahiMsA se bharA huA dharma yA tattvajJAna thA hI nhiiN| pArzva muni ne eka aura bhI bAta kii| unhoMne ahiMsA ko satya, asteya aura aparigraha, ina tInoM niyamoM ke sAtha jakar3a diyaa| isa kAraNa pahale jo ahiMsA RSi-muniyoM ke AcaraNa taka hI thI aura janatA ke vyavahAra meM jisakA koI sthAna na thA, vaha aba ina niyamoM ke sambandha meM sAmAjika evaM vyAvahArika ho gii| pArzva muni ne tIsarI bAta yaha kI ki apane navIna dharma ke pracAra ke lie unhoMne saMgha bnaae| bauddha sAhitya se isa bAta kA patA lagatA hai ki buddha ke samaya jo saMgha vidyamAna the, una saba meM jaina sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM kA saMgha sabase bar3A thaa| pArzva ke pahale brAhmaNoM ke bar3e-bar3e samUha the, para ve sirpha yajJa-yAga kA pracAra karane ke lie hI the| yajJa-yAga kA tiraskAra kara usakA tyAga karake jaMgaloM meM tapasyA karane vAloM ke bhI saMgha the| tapasyA kA eka aMga samajhakara hI ve ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karate the, para samAja meM usakA upadeza nahIM dete the| ve logoM se bahuta kama milate-julate the|' ___ bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA saMgha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI saMgha-sthApanA ke bAda taka calA aura kramazaH vaha usI meM sammilita ho gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA astitva kAla I0 pU0 pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI hai| ve ahiMsA ke mahAn vyAkhyAtA aura prayoktA the| unake dharma kA sarvasva ahiMsA thaa| yadyapi usa samaya ke sabhI zramaNa aura vaidika taMtra pArzva kI ahiMsA se yatkicit prabhAvita the, kintu usakA sarvAdhika svIkAra aura vikAsa mahAvIra ne kiyA thaa| __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vratoM ko vyApaka banA hiMsA aura parigraha ke alpIkaraNa kI dizA dI, phira bhI samAja ahiMsaka yAnI ahiMsA-pradhAna nahIM bnaa| unake saMgha meM ve hI vyakti sammilita hue, jo mokSArthI the| isalie vaha sAmudAyika ahiMsA kA yoga Atma-sAdhanA ke stara para hI vikasita huA, kintu usakA asara jIvana kI saba dizAoM meM aura saba para huaa| nivRtti-dharma bhI upayukta mAtrA meM samAjamAnya bana gyaa| isa tathya ko sAmane rakhakara hI hama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsA 1. bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA, pR0 41 /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana dharma kA marma samajha sakate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma-taMtra do bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA : 1. muni-dharma, 2. gRhsth-dhrm| muni-dharma (1) ahiMsA-prANAtipAta kI sarvathA virati / (2) satya-mRSAvAda kI sarvathA virati / (3) acaurya-adattAdAna kI sarvathA virati / (4) brahmacarya-maithuna kI sarvathA virati / (5) aparigraha kI sarvathA virati / gRhastha-dharma (1) ahiMsA-aNuvrata -prANAtipAta kI maryAdita virati / (2) satya-aNuvrata-mRSAvAda kI maryAdita virati / (3) acaurya-aNuvrata-corI kI maryAdita virati / (4) svadAra-saMtoSa-abrahmacarya kA niyamana / (5) icchA-parimANa-saMgraha kI mryaadaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gRhastha-dharma ko naitikatA kI bhitti para avasthita kiyA thaa| vratoM ke aticAroM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke naitika nirdeza aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta mUlyavAn haiN| unhoMne gRhastha-dharma kI pRSThabhUmi meM jo naitika nirdeza die, unakI tAlikA nimna prakAra hai| ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM naitika nirdeza dhArmika gRhastha nimna nirdiSTa AcaraNa na kare : (1) bandha-apane Azrita pazuoM tathA manuSyoM ko bandhana meM ddaalnaa| (2) vadha-apane Azrita pazuoM tathA manuSyoM ko piittnaa| (3) chaviccheda-apane Azrita pazuoM tathA manuSyoM ke hAtha-paira Adi aMgoM ko kaattnaa| (4) atibhAra-pazuoM para adhika bojha lAdanA, naukaroM se atikAma lenaa| (5) bhaktapAna-viccheda-apane Azrita pazuoM ko samaya para bhojana-pAnI na denA, Azrita manuSyoM ko samaya para bhojana-pAnI yA

Page #26
12 AjIvikA na denA / satya ke saMdarbha meM naitika nirdeza dhArmika gRhastha nimna nirdiSTa AcaraNa na kare : (ka) kanyAlIka - vaivAhika sambandha meM jhUThI bAta kahanA / (kha) gavAlIka - pazu - vikraya ke sambandha meM jhUTha bolanA / (ga) bhUmyalIka - bhUmi ke sambandha meM jhUTha bolanA / (gha) sthApana mRSA - dharohara yA giravI rakhI huI vastu ke sambandha meM jhUTha bolanA / (ca) kUTasAkSI - jhUThI sAkSI denA / ahiMsA tattva darzana (1) sahasAbhyAkhyAna- -jhUThA Aropa lagAnA / (2) rahasyAbhyAkhyAna --- rahasyapUrNa bAta kA udghATana kara Aropa lagAnA / (3) svadAra - maMtra - bheda - apane priyajanoM ke rahasya kA prakAzana karanA / (4) mithyopadeza - jhUThI bAteM samajhAnA | (5) kUTalekhakriyA - jhUThI likhA-par3hI karanA, khoTA sikkA calAnA / acaurya ke sambandha meM naitika nirdeza dhArmika 'gRhastha nimna nirdiSTa AcaraNa na kare : (1) stenAhRta - corI kI vastu kharIdanA / (2) taskara - prayoga -- corI karAne kA dhaMdhA karanA / (3) viruddha rAjyAtikrama- - AyAta-niryAta sambandhI rAjakIya niyamoM kA atikramaNa karanA / (4) kUTatulA - kUTamAna - taula - mApa meM aprAmANikatA baratanA / (5) tatpratirUpakavyavahAra - asalI vastu dikhAkara nakalI vastu denA, milA vaTa karanA / brahmacarya ke saMdarbha meM naitika nirdeza dhArmika gRhastha nimna nirdiSTa AcaraNa na kare : (1) itvarikaparigRhItAgamana - alpakAla ke lie gRhIta strI ke sAtha sahavAsa karanA / (2) aparigRhItAgamana - vaizyA yA para- strI ke sAtha sahavAsa karanA /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana (3) anaMgakrIDA - aprAkRtika maithuna karanA / aparigraha ke saMdarbha meM naitika nirdeza dhArmika gRhastha nimna nirdiSTa AcaraNa na kare : (1) bhUmi kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa karanA / (2) sone-cA~dI kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa karanA / (3) dhAnya kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa karanA / zeSa vratoM ke aticAroM meM bhI kucha naitika nirdeza prApta hote haiN| UMcI, nIcI aura tirachI dizA meM jAne kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa karanA digvata ke aticAra haiM / bhogavAdI, vistAravAdI va niraMkuza sAmrAjyavAdI manovRtti ke niyaMtraNa ke lie yaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / hiMsraka pradAna - - dUsaroM ko zastrAstra denA / saMyuktAdhikaraNa - binA prayojana zastrAstroM ko jor3akara rakhanA -- anartha-daNDa ke aticAra haiM / zeSa vratoM meM tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata kahalAte haiM / tIna guNavata 1. anartha - daNDa - viramaNa | 2. digvata - maryAdita dizA se Age jAkara hiMsAdi karane kI virati / 3. upabhoga - paribhoga-parimANa | 13. cAra zikSAvrata 1. sAmAyika - eka muhUrtta taka sAvadya pravRtti kI virati - AtmopAsanA / 2. dezAvakAzika - hiMsA Adi kI amuka samaya taka viziSTa virati / 3. pauSadhopavAsa - eka dina-rAta taka sAvadya pravRtti kI virati / 4. atithi saMvibhAga - saMyamI ko nirdoSa bhikSA dAna | yaha AgAra sAmAyika dharma hai / mahAvratoM meM sarva hiMsA kI virati hai, isalie unameM ahiMsA kA vyApaka rUpa ho, isameM vizeSa bAta nahIM / gRhastha ke vratoM meM hiMsA kI sarvathA virati nahIM hai aura yaha ho bhI nahIM sakatI / phira bhI unameM ahiMsA kA jIvanavyApI prayoga dikhAyA gayA hai; khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana, bhoga-upabhoga Adi pratyeka pravRtti meM hiMsA ko niyaMtrita karane kI dizA dI gaI hai / AgAra sAmAyika dharma ko pAlane vAle gRhastha kA jIvana alpa - hiMsA aura

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ahiMsA tattva darzana alpa-parigraha vAlA raha jAtA hai| gahastha-jIvana sarvathA ahiMsA aura aparigraha vAlA to nahIM ho sktaa| zeSa vikalpa do rahate haiM : 1. mahAhiMsA aura mahAparigraha vAlA jIvana / athavA 2. alpahiMsA aura alpaparigraha vAlA jIvana / mahA-hiMsA aura mahA-parigrahAtmaka jIvana vAlA vyakti dharma ko nahIM pA sakatA / isalie vaisA jIvana dharma ke lie ayogya hai / gRhastha kA vahI jIvana zreSTha hai jisameM hiMsA aura parigraha kA alpIkaraNa ho| isa bhAvanA ko do prakAra se rakhA jAtA hai : pahalA prakAra-kama-se-kama hiMsA hI sarvocca jIvana hai| isa prasaMga meM kAkA kAlelakara kI eka ghaTanA ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne likhA hai.---"eka samaya maiM phreMca lekhaka pAla rizAra ke sAtha usakA 'skarja oNpha krAisTa' par3ha rahA thaa| usameM usane bAibila ke aneka vAkya aura kucha ghaTanAe~ lekara aneka zabdoM aura artha kI krIr3A karake apanA tattvajJAna mohaka DhaMga se rakhA hai| vaha lekhaka vidvAn tathA catura hai, isalie vaha hara eka bAta meM camatkRti lA sakatA hai / par3hate-par3hate eka aisA vAkya AyA ki Living is Killing. jIne kA matalaba hai-mAranA / maiMne turanta hI use kahA-This is half the truth because it is a mere statement of a universal fact. The fact of life is not to give you the universal law of life. You must therefore here add Killing the least is living the best.' yaha to arddha-satya huA kyoMki eka sArvatrika siddhAnta kA yaha kevala eka vidhAna hai / jIvana ke siddhAnta mAtra se jIvana kA sArvatrika dharma nikAlA nahIM jA sktaa| isalie Apako yahA~ itanA bar3hA denA cAhie ki kama-se-kama mAranA hI uttama se uttama jInA hai / pAla mahAzaya ne yaha sudhAra turanta svIkAra kara liyA aura usakA phreMca karake apanI pustaka meM likha liyaa| -jInA yAnI mAranA, yaha prAkRtika niyama hai, lekina vaha mAnava-jIvana kA dharma nahIM ho sktaa| jIvana-dharma kahatA hai ki 'kama se kama mAranA' yaha uttama se uttama prakAra se jIne ke barAbara hai| na mArane kI ora, sabako bacAne kI ora, sabako abhaya-dAna dene kI ora hRdaya ko utkaTatA se mor3anA jIvana kA rahasya hai|' dUsarA prakAra - hiMsA kI adhika se adhika virati hI zreSTha jIvana hai athavA hiMsA kI adhika se adhika kamI hI zreSTha jIvana hai| donoM bhAvanAeM samAna haiN| bheda hai-zabda-racanA kaa| hiMsA kama-se-kama ho-isameM hiMsA kI kamI kI bhAvanA hote hue bhI zabda-racanA hiMsA ke anumodana kI hai| anivArya hiMsA ko 1. jaina bhAratI, aMka 44, pR0 866 /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 15 jIvana kI azakyatA mAnanA vastusthiti hai kintu ahiMsA ke anurUpa zabda-racanA vahI ho sakatI hai, jisameM usakA samarthana ho| hiMsA kI jo kamI hai, vaha jIvana kI zreSThatA hai| hiMsA thor3I mAtrA meM bhI jo hotI hai, vaha jIvana kI zreSThatA nahIM hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hiMsA kA alpIkaraNa zreSTha hai, alpa-hiMsA zreSTha nhiiN| vaha jIvana kI AvazyakatA hai kintu usakA dharma nhiiN|

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ahiMsA vIra puruSa ahiMsA ke rAjapatha para cala par3e haiN| jo dharma mokSa ke anukUla hai, use anudharma kahate haiM; vaha dharma ahiMsA hai / kaSToM ke sahana ko bhI vItarAga ne dharma kahA hai| kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie-yahI jJAniyoM ke jJAna-vacanoM kA sAra hai| ahiMsA, samatA--saba jIvoM ke prati Atmavat-bhAva-ise hI zAzvata dharma smjho|' ahiMsA kI paribhASA ahiMsA ko bhagavAn ne jIvoM ke lie kalyANakArI dekhA hai| sarva jIvoM ke prati saMyamapUrNa jIvana-vyavahAra hI ahiMsA hai / / ahiMsA kA svarUpa pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati-ye saba alaga-alaga jIva haiM / pRthvI Adi hareka meM bhinna-bhinna vyaktitva ke dhAraka alaga-alaga jIva haiN| ___ 'uparokta sthAvara jIvoM ke uparAnta trasa prANI haiM, jinameM calane-phirane kA sAmarthya hotA hai| ye hI jIvoM ke chaha varga haiN| inake sivA duniyA meM aura jIva nahIM haiN|' 1. AcArAMga 111136 : paNayA vIrA mahAvIhiM / 2. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 2 / 1 / 14 : avihiMsAmeva pavvae, aNudhammo muNiNA pavedito / 3. vahI, 111 / 4 / 10 : evaM khu nANiNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsaI kiMcaNa / ahiMsA samayaM ceva, eyAvantaM viyANiyA / / 4. dazavaikAlika 6 / 6 : ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA, savvabhUesu sNjmo| 5. sUtrakRtAMga 111115

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 'jagat meM kaI jIva trasa haiM aura kaI jIva sthAvara / eka paryAya meM honA yA dUsarI paryAya meM honA karmoM kI vicitratA hai / apanI-apanI kamAI hai. jisase jIva trasa yA sthAvara hote haiN|' ____'eka hI jIva, jo eka janma meM trasa hotA hai, dUsare janma meM sthAvara ho sakatA hai / trasa hoM yA sthAvara, saba jIvoM ko du:kha apriya hotA hai-yaha samajhakara mumukSu saba jIvoM ke prati ahiMsA-bhAva rkheN|" ahiMsA kI maryAdA manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA jo svayaM jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, dUsaroM se karavAtA hai yA jo jIva-hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai vaha (pratihiMsA ko jagAtA huA) vaira kI vRddhi karatA hai| Urdhva, adhaH aura tiryak tInoM loka meM jo bhI trasa aura sthAvara jIva haiM, una sabake prANAtipAta se virata honA caahie| saba jIvoM ke prati vaira kI zAnti ko hI nirvANa kahA hai| ___mana, vacana aura kAyA-inameM se kisI eka ke dvArA kisI prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho, aisA vyavahAra hI saMyamI jIvana hai / aise jIvana kA nirantara dhAraNa hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA vyAvahArika hetu saba jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA, isalie nirgrantha prANIvadha kA varjana karate haiM / sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI-apanI Ayu priya hai. sukha anukUla hai, duHkha pratikUla hai| vadha sabako apriya hai, jInA sabako priya hai| saba jIva lambe jIne kI kAmanA 1. sUtrakRtAMga, 11118 2. vahI 1 / 1 / 1 / 3 : sayaM tivAyae pANe, aduvannehiM ghaaye| haNantaM vANujANAi, veraM vaDDhai appaNo / 3. vahI, 1111113 : uDDhe ahe ca tiriyaM, je kei tsthaavraa| savvattha viraI kujjA, saMti nivvANamAhiyaM / 4. dazavekAlika 8 / 3 : tesiM acchaNajoeNa, niccaM hoyavvayaM siyaa| maNasA kAyavakkeNa, evaM havai saMjae / 5. vahI, 6 / 10 : savve jIvA vi icchanti, jIviuM na marijjiuM / tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM, NiggaMthA vajjayaMti NaM / /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana karate haiN| sabhI ko jIvana priya lagatA hai|' ahiMsA kA naizcayika hetu ___ ajJAnI manuSya ina pRthvI Adi jIvoM ke prati durvyavahAra karate hue pApa-karma kA upArjana karate haiN| jo vyakti harI vanaspati kA chedana karatA hai, vaha apanI AtmA ko daNDa dene vAlA hai / vaha dUsare prANiyoM kA hanana karake paramArthataH apanI AtmA kA hI hanana karatA hai| Atmaupamya-dRSTi __ sukha-duHkha, priya-apriya kI vRtti prANI mAtra meM tulya hotI hai| ahiMsA ko bhAvanA ko samajhane aura balavAn banAne ke lie yaha Atma-tulA kA siddhAnta atyanta upayogI hai / isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne batAyA hai--'chaha jIva-nikAya ko apanI AtmA ke samAna smjho|" ___ 'prANI-mAtra ko Atma-tulya smjho| 'he puruSa ! jise tU mArane kI icchA karatA hai, vicAra kara vaha tere jaisA hI sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karane vAlA prANI hai; jisa para hukUmata karane kI icchA karatA hai, vicAra kara vaha tere jaisA hI prANI hai; jise duHkha dene kA vicAra karatA hai, vicAra kara vaha tere jaisA hI prANI hai| jise apane vaza meM karane kI icchA karatA hai, vicAra kara vaha tere-jaisA hI prANI hai; jisake prANa lene kI icchA karatA hai, vicAra kara vaha tere-jaisA hI prANI hai|' 'satpuruSa isI taraha viveka rakhatA huA jIvana bitAtA hai, na kisI ko mAratA hai, aura na kisI kI ghAta karatA hai|' ____ 'jo hiMsA karatA hai usakA phala pIche bhoganA par3atA hai / ataH kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA karane kI kAmanA na kro|' ___ 'jaise mujhe koI beMta, haDDI, kaMkara, ThIkarI Adi se mAre, pITe, tAr3ita kare, tarjana kare, duHkha de, vyAkula kare, bhayabhIta kare, prANa-haraNa kare to mujhe duHkha hotA 1. AcArAMga 1 / 2 / 63,64 : savve pANA piyAuyA, suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA, ____ appiyavahA, piyajIviNo jiiviukaamaa| savvesi jIviyaM piyaM / 2. sUtrakRtAMga sh2|63,64 3. vahI, 1176 4. dazavakAlika 1015 : attasame mannijja chappikAye / 5. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 10 / 3 : Aya tule payAsu..

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ahiMsA tattva darzana hai| jaise-mRtyu se lekara roma ukhAr3ane taka se mujhe duHkha aura bhaya hotA hai, vaise hI saba prANI, bhUta, jIva aura satvoM ko hotA hai-yaha socakara kisI bhI prANI, bhUta, jIva va satva ko nahIM mAranA cAhie, usa para hukUmata nahIM karanI caahie| yaha dharma dhrava aura zAzvata hai|' ___Atma-tulA ke siddhAnta ko pradhAna nahIM mAnate, unheM samajhAne ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai - mAna lIjie ki kisI jagaha kucha prAvAduka ekatrita hokara maNDalAkAra baiThe hoM, vahAM koI samyagdRSTi puruSa agni ke aMgAroM se bharI huI eka pAtrI ko saMDAsI se pakar3akara lAe aura kahe ki 'he prAvAduko! Apa loga aMgAra se bharI huI isa pAtrI ko apane-apane hAthoM meM thor3I dera taka rkheN| Apa saMDAsI kI sahAyatA na leM tathA eka-dUsare kI sahAyatA na kreN|' yaha sunakara ve prAvAduka usa pAtrI ko hAtha meM lene ke lie hAtha phailAkara bhI use aMgAroM se pUrNa dekhakara hAtha jala jAne ke bhaya se avazya hI apane hAthoM ko haTA leNge| usa samaya vaha samyagdRSTi unase pUche ki 'Apa loga apane hAthoM ko kyoM haTA rahe haiM ?' to ve vahIM uttara deMge ki hAtha jala jAne ke bhaya se hama hAtha haTA rahe haiN| phira samyagdRSTi unase pUche ki 'hAtha jala jAne se kyA hogA?' ve uttara deMge ki duHkha hogaa| usa samaya samyagdRSTi unase yaha kahe ki jaise Apa duHkha se bhaya karate haiM, isI taraha sabhI prANI duHkha se Darate haiN| jaise Apako duHkha apriya aura sukha priya hai, isI taraha dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI duHkha apriya aura sukha priya hai| isalie kisI bhI prANI ko kaSTa nahIM denA caahie| ahiMsA ke do rUpa ___ ahiMsA kA zabdAnusArI artha-hiMsA na krnaa| na+-hiMsA-ina do zabdoM se ahiMsA zabda banA hai| isake pAribhASika artha niSedhAtmaka evaM vidhyAtmakadonoM haiN| rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRtti na karanA, prANa-vadha na karanA yA pravRtti mAtra kA nirodha karanA niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA hai| sat-pravRtti karanA, svAdhyAya, adhyAtmasevA, upadeza, jJAna-carcA Adi-Adi AtmahitakArI kriyA karanA vidhyAtmaka ahiMsA hai| saMpanI ke dvArA azakya koTi kA prANavadha ho jAtA hai, vaha bhI niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA hai yAnI hiMsA nahIM hai| niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA meM kevala hiMsA kA varjana hotA hai, vidhyAtmaka ahiMsA meM sat-kriyAtmaka sakriyatA hotI hai| yaha sthUla dRSTi kA nirNaya hai| gaharAI meM pahuMcane para bAta kucha aura hai| niSedha meM 1. AcArAMga 115 / 101-103 2. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 41

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20 ahiMsA tatva darzana pravRtti aura pravRtti meM niSedha hotA hI hai| niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA meM sat-pravRtti aura satpravRttyAtmaka ahiMsA meM hiMsA kA niSedha hotA hai| hiMsA na karane vAlA yadi Antarika pravRttiyoM ko zuddha na kare to vaha ahiMsA nahIM hogii| isalie niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA meM satpravRtti kI apekSA rahatI hai, vaha bAhya ho cAhe Antarika, sthUla ho cAhe sUkSma / sat-pravRttyAtmaka ahiMsA meM hiMsA kA niSedha honA Avazyaka hai| isake binA koI pravRtti sat yA ahiMsA nahIM ho sakatI, yaha nizcaya-dRSTi kI bAta hai| vyavahAra meM niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA ko niSkriya ahiMsA aura vidhyAtmaka ahiMsA ko sakriya ahiMsA kahA jAtA hai| pro0 tAna-yuna zAna ne ahiMsA ke do rUpoM kI carcA karate hue likhA hai'ahiMsA bhAratIya evaM cInI saMskRti kA sAmAnyatayA pramukha aMga hai| bhArata meM niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA pracalita hai aura cIna ne vidhi ruup|' gAMdhIjI ne bhAratIya dRSTikoNa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA thA-'isa deha meM jIvana-dhAraNa karane meM kucha na kucha hiMsA hotI hai| ataH zreSTha dharma kI paribhASA meM hiMsA na karanA rUpa niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| ___ Atma-tulA ke marma ko samajhe binA hiMsA-vRtti nahIM chuutttii| isIlie ahiMsA meM maitrI-rUpa vidhi aura amaitrI-tyAga rUpa niSedha-donoM samAe hue haiN| ___ saba jIvoM ko apane samAna samajho aura kisI ko hAni mata pahuMcAo-ina zabdoM meM ahiMsA kA dvayarthI siddhAnta--vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka sannihita hai| vidheyAtmaka meM ekatA kA saMdeza hai--'saba meM apane Apako dekho|' niSedhAtmaka usase utpanna hotA hai-'kisI ko bhI hAni mata phuNcaao|' saba meM apane Apako dekhane kA artha hai-sabako hAni pahuMcAne se bcnaa| yaha hAni-rahitatA sabameM eka kI kalpanA se vikasita hotI hai| nakArAtmaka ahiMsA sthAnAMga-sUtra meM saMyama kI paribhASA batAte hae likhA hai-sUkha kA vyaparopaNa yA viyoga na karanA aura duHkha kA saMyoga na karanA-saMyama hai|' yaha nivRtti-rUpa ahiMsA hai| AcArAMga-sUtra meM dharma kI paribhASA batAte hue likhA hai-saba prANiyoM ko 1. amRtabAjAra patrikA, pR0 18, dinAMka 31 akTUbara 1944 / 2. hindustAna, dinAMka 28 mArca, 1953, pR0 40 : bhagavAn mahAvIra-unakA jIvana aura sNdesh| 3. sthAnAMga 4 / 4 /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana mata mAro, una para anuzAsana mata karo, unako adhIna mata karo, dAsa-dAsI kI taraha parAdhIna banAkara mata rakho, paritApa mata do, prANa-viyoga mata kro| yaha dharma dhra va, nitya aura zAzvata hai| khedajJa tIrthaMkaroM ne isakA upadeza kiyA hai| yaha bhI nivRtti rUpa ahiMsA hai| gaNadhara gautama ne bhagavAn se pUchA-bhagavan ! jIvoM ke sAta-vedanIya karma kA bandha kaise hotA hai ? bhagavAna ne kahA-prANa, bhUta, jIva aura satva kI anukampA karane se, duHkha na dene se, zoka upajAne se, kheda utpanna nahIM karane se, vedanA na dene se, na mArane se, paritApa na dene se jIva sAta vedanIya karma kA bandha karate haiN| anukampA se yAnI santApa Adi na dene se sukha-vedanIya karma kA bandha hotA hai| yahI tattva isake pUrvavartI pATha meM milatA hai| gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! jIvoM ke akarkaza vedanIya karma kaise baMdhate haiM ? bhagavAna ne kahA-prANAtipAta-virati yAvat parigraha kI virati se krodhatyAga yAvat mithyAdarzanazalya ke tyAga se jIva akarkaza vedanIya karma kA baMdha karate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pravRtti rUpa ahiMsA kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai, kintu saba pravRtti ahiMsA nahIM hotii| cAritra meM jo pravRtti hai, vahI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA ke kSetra meM AtmalakSI pravRtti kA vidhAna hai aura saMsAralakSI yA para-padArtha-lakSI pravRtti kA niSedha / ye donoM kramazaH vidhi-rUpa ahiMsA aura niSedharUpa ahiMsA banate haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA hai-pamiti-sat-vyApAra, yaha pravRtti-dharma hai aura gupti-asat-vyApAra kA niyaMtraNa, yaha nivRtti dharma hai| 'sarva prANiyoM ke sAtha maitrI rakho'5-yaha bhI pravRtti rUpa ahiMsA kA vidhAna karatA hai| vastu-tattva ko jAnane vAle vyakti prANI mAtra ko Atma-tulya samajhakara pIr3ita nahIM karate / ve samajhate haiM-jaise koI duSTa puruSa mujhe mAratA hai, gAlI detA hai, balAtkAra se dAsa-dAsI banA apanI AjJA kA pAlana karAtA hai, taba maiM jaisA du:kha anubhava karatA hUM, vaise hI dUsare prANI bhI mArane-pITane, gAlI dene, balAtkAra se dAsa-dAsI banA AjJA-pAlana karane se duHkha anubhava karate hoNge| isalie kisI 1. AcAMrAMga 1 / 4 / 1,2 : savve pANA, savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, samve sattA na hantavvA, na ajjAveyavvA na paritavvA, na paritAveyavvA, na uddaveyavvA / esa dhamme dhue, niyae, sAsae.. 2. bhagavatI 76 3. bhagavatI 76 4. uttayadhyayana 24 / 26 5. uttarAdhyayana 6 / 2 : metti bhaesu kappae /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana bhI prANI ko mAranA, kaSTa denA, balAt AjJA manavAnA ucita nhiiN|' ahiMsA Atma-saMyama kA mArga isa prakAra AtmArthI AtmA kA kalyANa karane vAlA. AtmA kI rakSA karane vAlA, AtmA kI zubha pravRtti karane vAlA, saMyama ke AcaraNa meM parAkrama prakaTa karane vAlA, AtmA ko saMsArAgni se bacAne vAlA, AtmA para dayA karane vAlA, AtmA kA uddhAra karane vAlA sAdhu apanI AtmA ko saba pApoM se nivRtta kre| ahiMsA : apanI-apanI daSTi meM ___ahiMsA kI paribhASAeM vibhinna vicArakoM dvArA vibhinna bhASAoM meM kI gaI haiM, taba bhI unakA tattva eka hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai : ___ 'ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA savvabhUesu sNjmo|' -prANI mAtra ke prati jo saMyama hai, vahI (pUrNa) ahiMsA hai| suttanipAta dhammika sutta meM mahAtmA buddha ne kahA hai pANe na hAne na ca ghAtayeya na cAnumanyA hanataM paresaM / savvesu bhUtesu nidhAya daMDaM, ye thAvarA ye ca tasaMti loke / / -basa yA sthAvara jIvoM ko na mAre, na marAve aura na mArane vAle kA anumodana kre| Ayurveda meM kahA hai : _ 'vizvasyAhaM mitrasya cakSuSA pazyAmi' -maiM samUce saMsAra ko mitra kI dRSTi se dekhU / 'tatra ahiMsA sarvadA sarvabhUteSvanabhidrohaH' -pAtaMjala yoga ke bhASyakAra ne batAyA hai ki sarva prakAra se, sarvakAla meM, sarva prANiyoM ke sAtha abhidroha na karanA, usakA nAma ahiMsA hai| 'gItA' meM ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai : samaM pazyan hi sarvatra, samavasthitamIzvaram / na hiMstyAtmanAtmAnaM, tato yAti parAM gatim / / -jJAnI puruSa Izvara ko sarvatra samAna rUpa se vyApaka huA dekhakara-bharA 1. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 1115 2. vahI, 2 / 2 / 42

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ahiMsA tattva darzana huA dekhakara hiMsA kI pravRtti nahIM karatA, kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki hiMsA karanA khuda apanI hI ghAta karane ke barAbara hai aura isa prakAra hRdaya ke zuddha aura pUrNarUpa se vikasita hone para vaha uttama gati ko prApta hotA hai, yAnI use isa vizva ke bRhattama tattva brahma kI prApti hotI hai| karmaNA manasA vAcA, sarvabhUteSu srvdaa| aklezajananaM proktA, ahiMsA paramarSibhiH / / -mana, vacana tathA karma se sarvadA kisI bhI prANI ko kisI bhI taraha kA kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAnA-isI ko maharSiyoM ne ahiMsA kahA hai| mahAtmAjI ne ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai : 'ahiMsA ke mAne sUkSma jantuoM se lekara manuSya taka sabhI jIvoM ke prati smbhaav|" pUrNa ahiMsA sampUrNa jIvadhAriyoM ke prati durbhAvanA kA sampUrNa abhAva hai| isalie vaha mAnavetara prANiyoM, yahAM taka ki viSadhara kIr3oM aura hiMsaka jAnavaroM kA bhI AliMgana karatI hai| ahiMsA kI samasyA __ ahiMsA ke purAne aura nae sabhI AcAryoM ne yahI batAyA hai ki kRta, kArita, anumodita-manasA, vAcA, karmaNA-prANImAtra ko kaSTa na pahuMcAnA hI ahiMsA hai| kisI bhI AcArya ne apanI paribhASA meM sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA kI chUTa nahIM dI hai aura na unakI hiMsA ko ahiMsA batAyA hai| isa nirNaya ke anantara hI jaTila samasyA yaha rahatI hai ki aisI ahiMsA ko pAlatA huA mAnava jIvita kaise raha sake ? isake samAdhAna meM vibhinna vicAradhArAeM cala pdd'ii| jainAcAryoM ne isakA uttara yaha diyA ki pUrNa saMyama kie binA koI bhI mAnava pUrNa ahiMsaka nahIM bana sakatA / pUrNa saMyamI ke sAmane mukhya prazna ahiMsA hai, jIvana-nirvAha kA prazna usake lie gauNa hotA hai| use zarIra se moha nahIM hotaa| zarIra use taba taka mAnya hai, jaba taka ki vaha ahiMsA kA sAdhana rahe, anyathA use zarIratyAga karane meM koI bhI saMkoca nahIM hotaa| jaisAki AcArAMga meM batAyA hai: 'iha saMti-gayA daviyA, NAvakhaMti jIviUM' -saMyamI puruSa anya prANiyoM kI hiMsA ke dvArA apanA jIvana calAnA nahIM 1. maMgalaprabhAta, pR081| 2. gAMdhIvANI, pR0 37 /

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24 cAhate / apUrNa saMyamI pUrNa hiMsA se nahIM baca sakatA / ataH usake lie hiMsA ke do bheda kie gae haiM : (1) artha - hiMsA | (2) anartha - ahiMsA | ahisA tattva darzana artha-hiMsA yAnI jIvana-nirvAha ke lie hone vAlI anivArya hiMsA / gRhastha isako na tyAga sake to anartha hiMsA ko to avazya tyAge para yaha nahIM ki apanI durbalatA se hiMsA karanI par3e aura use ahiMsA yA dharma samajhe / mazrUvAlA ne ahiMsA ke vizuddha aura vyavahArya - ye do bheda kara vyavahArya ahiMsA kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai : burAI se rahita aura bhalAI ke aMza se yukta nyAyya svArtha- vRtti vyavahArya ahiMsA hai| yaha Adarza yA zuddha ahiMsA nahIM hai / laukika dRSTi kI pradhAnatA se jisa prakAra jaina tArkikoM ne indriya-mAnasa - jJAna, jo ki vAstava meM parokSa hai, ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA hai, vaise hI ukta paribhASA meM lokapriyatA kI rakSA karate hue artha - hiMsA ko vyavahArya ahiMsA kA rUpa diyA mAlUma hotA hai| kyoMki loka dRSTi meM saba hiMsA yA saba svArtha- dRSTi burI nahIM mAnI jAtI / samAja jisako anaitika mAnatA hai, vahI burI mAnI jAtI hai / lokadRSTi meM hiMsA anaitika aura anaitika kArya ke rUpa meM badala jAtI hai / sAmAjika nyAya aura aucitya kI sImA taka hI hiMsA ko naitika rUpa milatA hai / tathA anyAya aura anaucitya kI sImA meM hiMsA anaitika ho jAtI hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM - eka manuSya kisI dUsare manuSya kI hatyA kara rahA hai, usa samaya vahAM eka tIsarA vyakti calA AyA / usane AkrAntA ko samajhAyA / AkrAntA ne usakI bAta nahIM mAnI, taba vaha usa durbala kA pakSa le AkrAntA ke sAmane A gayA aura use ( AkrAntA ko ) mAra DAlA / sAmAjika nIti yA vyavasthA ke anusAra durbala ko bacAne vAlA hiMsaka nahIM mAnA jAtA pratyuta usakA vaisA karanA kartavya samajhA jAtA hai aura durbala kI sahAyatA na karanA anucita mAnA jAtA hai / dhArmika sImA isase bhinna hai / AkrAntA ko upadeza denA dharma ko mAnya hai / vaha upadeza na mAne, usa sthiti meM use mAra DAlanA dhArmika maryAdA ke anukUla nahIM / upadezaka kA kAma hai -- hiMsaka kI hiMsA chur3AnA na ki hiMsaka kI hiMsA ko mola lenA - hiMsaka ke badale svayaM hiMsA karanA / eka prANI kI rakSA ke lie dUsare prANI ko mAranA yA kaSTa pahuMcAnA ahiMsA kI dRSTi se kSamya nahIM /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 2. 5 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne hiMsA karane ke kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hue batAyA hai ki- 'kucha vyakti, isane mujhe pahale mArA thA, isalie mArate haiM, kucha yaha mujhe mAra rahA hai, isalie mArate haiM aura kucha yaha mujhe mAregA isalie mArate haiM, yaha saba hiMsA hai / ' isa prakAra jitane bhI vizuddha ahiMsA ke vicAraka hue haiM, jinhoMne dUsaroM ke dvArA ahiMsA pAlana karavAne kI sImA niravadya upadeza ko hI batalAyA / Atma rakSA rakSA kA sAmAnya artha hai bcaanaa| isase sambandha rakhane vAle mahattvapUrNa prazna cAra haiM- rakSA kisakI ? kisase ? kyoM ? aura kaise ? pratyeka prazna ke do-do vikalpa banate haiM : (1) rakSA zarIra kI yA AtmA kI ? (2) rakSA kaSTa se yA hiMsA se ? (3) rakSA jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke lie yA saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie ? (4) rakSA hiMsAtmaka paddhati se yA ahiMsAtmaka paddhati se ? ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie, hiMsA se AtmA ko bacAne kI vRtti kA nAma hai - Atma-rakSA / hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke lie kaSTa se bacAva hotA hai, vaha zarIra rakSA hai / vAstava meM zarIra rakSA aura Atma-rakSA- ye donoM lAkSaNika zabda haiM / inakA tAtparyArtha hai / hiMsAtmaka pravRtti dvArA vipadA se bacane kA prayatna karanA zarIrarakSA aura hiMsA se bacane kA prayatna karanA Atma-rakSA / sAdhya jaise zuddha ho, vaise sAdhana bhI zuddha honA caahie| Atma-rakSA ke lie sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM ahiMsAtmaka hone caahie| thor3e meM yUM kahA jA sakatA hai Atma-rakSA kA artha hai - rAga-dveSAtmaka Adi asaMyamaya vRttiyoM se bacanA | isakA sAdhya hai-- Atma- mukti | isake sAdhana haiM : 1. dhArmika upadeza, 2. mauna yA upekSA, 3. ekAnta - gamana / hiMsA karanA ucita nahIM, isa prakAra hiMsaka ko samajhAnA, usakI hiMsA karane kI bhAvanA ko badalane kA prayatna karanA, dhArmika upadeza hai /

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26 ahiMsA tattva darzana dhArmika upadeza dvArA preraNA dene para bhI vaha na sajhate to mauna ho jAnA, usakI upekSA karanA, yaha dUsarA sAdhana hai| dhArmika upadeza kAma na kare aura mauna na rakhA jA sake, usa sthiti meM vahAM se haTakara ekAnta meM cale jAnA, yaha tIsarA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne hiMsA se bacane ke lie ye tIna sAdhana batAe haiN| ye tInoM ahiMsAtmaka haiM, isalie Atma-rakSA kI maryAdA ke anukUla haiN| hiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM dvArA kaSToM se bacAva kiyA jA sakatA hai, hiMsA se nhiiN| hiMsaka ke prati hiMsA baratanA, bala prayoga karanA, pralobhana denA-yaha ahiMsA kI maryAdA meM nahIM aataa| ahiMsA kI maryAdA hai ki ahiMsaka hara sthiti meM ahiMsaka hI rahe / vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM hiMsA kI bAta na soce / ahiMsaka paddhati se hiMsA kA virodha karanA ahiMsA-dharmI kA kartavya hai / vaha ahiMsA ke lie apane prANoM kA tyAga kara sakatA hai parantu ahiMsA ke lie hiMsA kA mArga nahIM apanA sktaa| donoM prakAra kI rakSA ke ATha vikalpa banate haiM : 1. jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA kaSTa se bacAva / 2. saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA kaSTa se bacAva / 3. jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA hiMsA se bacAva / 4. saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA hiMsA se bacAva / 5. jIvana ke lie ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA kaSTa se bacAva / 6. saMyama ke lie ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA kaSTa se bacAva / 7. jIvana ke lie ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA hiMsA se bacAva / 8. saMyama ke lie ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA hiMsA se bacAva / inameM pahale cAra vikalpa zarIra-rakSA ke haiN| vikalpa eka-jIvana ko banAe rakhanA-yaha ahiMsA kA uddezya nahIM hai| usakA uddezya hai--saMyama kA vikAsa krnaa| saMyama kA vikAsa jIvana-sApekSa hai| jIvana hI na rahe, taba saMyama kA vikAsa kauna kare ! ataH saMyama kA vikAsa karane ke lie jIvana ko banAe rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra jIvana ko banAe rakhanA bhI ahiMsA kA uddezya hai-~-yaha phalita hotA hai| yaha prazna ho sakatA hai kintu ahiMsA kA sIdhA sambandha saMyama se hai, isalie ise koI mahattva nahIM diyA jA sktaa| jIvana banA rahe aura saMyama na ho to vaha ahiMsA nahIM hotii| saMyama kI surakSA meM jIvana calA jAe to bhI vaha ahiMsA hai| Age ke saMyama ke lie vartamAna kA asaMyama saMyama nahIM banatA, Age kI ahiMsA ke lie vartamAna kI hiMsA ahiMsA nahIM bntii| isalie jIvana ko banAe rakhanA-yaha ahiMsA kA sAdhya yA uddezya nahIM ho sktaa|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 27 sAdhana-mImAMsA meM itanA hI hogA ki ahiMsA ke sAdhana hiMsAtmaka nahIM ho skte| ahiMsA kA svarUpa hai, asaMyama se bacanA, saMyama karanA / kaSTa saMyama ho sakatA hai, aura sukha asaMyama, isalie kaSTa se bacAva karanA aura sukha prApta karanA yaha ahiMsA kA svarUpa nahIM bana sktaa| upavAsa va anazana jaisI kaThora tapasyAe~ kaSTakara avazya haiM, phira bhI ahiMsAtmaka haiN| bhogopabhoga sukha hai, phira bhI hiMsA hai| ahiMsA kI dRSTi saMyama kI ora honI caahie| amuka kaSTa se bacA yA nahIM bacA, ahiMsA ke lie yaha zarta nahIM hotii| usakI zarta hai-asaMyama se bacA yA nhiiN| pahale vikalpa ke tInoM rUpa zarIra-rakSA kI koTi ke haiM / vikalpa do-isameM sAdhya sahI hai| sAdhana kI prakriyA sAdhya ke prati bhrama utpanna karatI hai| saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka sAdhana karate jAeM, vahAM saMyama nahIM rhtaa| isalie saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM ko apanAnA mAnasika bhrama jaisA lagatA hai| vikalpa tIna-jIvana ko banAe rakhane kA uddezya mukhya hone para hiMsA se bacAva karane kI bAta gauNa ho jAtI hai / saMyama jIvana se alaga nahIM hotaa| saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke sAtha jIvana kA astitva apane Apa AtA hai| jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke sAtha saMyama kA astitva svayaM nahIM AtA hai| isalie ahiMsA kA rUpa jIvana ke astitva ko pradhAnatA nahIM detaa| usameM saMyama kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| vikalpa cAra-saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsA se bacAva karanA, yaha sahI hai kintu hiMsA se kaise bacA jAe, isakA viveka honA caahie| hiMsA se bacAva karane ke lie hiMsAtmaka sAdhana apanAe jAe~, vahAM na saMyama banA rahatA hai aura na hiMsA se bacAva hotA hai| isalie cauthA vikalpa bhI Atma-rakSA kI bhAvanA nahIM detaa| vikalpa pAMca-pAMcaveM vikalpa meM sAdhana-paddhati ko chor3a zeSa ahiMsA kI dRSTi ke anukUla nahIM haiN| vikalpa chaha-sAta-chaThe vikalpa meM kaSTa se bacAva karane aura sAtaveM meM jIvana ko banAe rakhane kI bAta mukhya hai, isalie ye bhI ahiMsA ke zuddha rUpa kA nirmANa nahIM krte| ina do (6-7) aura

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28 ahiMsA tattva darzana pAMcaveM vikalpa ko vyavahArika yA sAmAjika ahiMsA kahA jAtA hai| AThavAM vikalpa ahiMsA kA pUrNa zuddha rUpa hai / zastra-viveka hatyA ke sAdhana ko jaise zastra kahA jAtA hai, vaise hiMsA ke sAdhana ko bhI zastra kahA gayA hai| hatyA hiMsA hotI hai, kintu hiMsA hatyA ke binA bhI hotI hai / avirati yA asaMyama, jo vartamAna meM hatyA nahIM kintu hatyA kI nivRtti nahIM hai, isalie vaha hiMsA hai| hatyA ke upakaraNoM kA nAma hai dravya-zastra aura hiMsA ke sAdhana kA nAma hai bhAva-zastra / yaha vyakti kA vaibhAvika guNa yA doSa hai, isalie yaha mRtyu kA kAraNa nahIM, pApa-bandha kA kAraNa hai| dravya-zastra vyakti se pRthak vastu hai| vaha mUlataH hatyA kA kAraNa banatA hai| vaha hatyA kA kAraNa banatA hai, isalie pApa-bandha kA kAraNa bhI hotA hai| zastra tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : (1) svakAya-zastra, (2) parakAya-zastra, (3) ubhaya-zastra (sva-kAya aura para-kAya donoM kA saMyoga) jIva ke cha: nikAya haiM : (1) pRthvI, (2) pAnI, (3) agni , (4) vAyu, (5) vanaspati, (6) trasa / pRthvI dvArA pRthvI kA pratighAta-yaha svakAya-zastra hai| pRthvI-atirikta vastu dvArA pRthvI kA pratighAta-yaha parakAya-zastra hai| pRthvI aura usase bhinna vastu-donoM dvArA pRthvI kA apaghAta-yaha ubhayazastra hai| __ vAyu ke sivA sabake lie yahI bAta hai| vAyu kA zastra vAyu hI hai| calanephirane, uThane-baiThane se vAyu kI hiMsA nahIM hotii| calane-phirane meM vega hone para teja vAyu paidA hotI hai, usase vAyu kI hiMsA hotI hai|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 26 sajIva sthUla hote haiM, isalie unakI hiMsA spaSTa jAna par3atI hai / sthAvara jIva sUkSma hote haiM, isalie unakI hiMsA sahajatayA buddhigamya nahIM hai / sthAvara jIvoM kI avagAhanA kA eka prasaMga dekhie gautama svAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA - bhagavan ! pRthvIkAya kI avagAnA kitanI hai ? bhagavAn ne kahA--gautama ! cakravartI rAjA kI dAsI, jo yuvA, balavatI va nIroga hai tathA kalA-kauzala meM nipuNa hai, aisI dAsI vajra kI kaThina zilA para vajra ke loDhe se choTI geMda jitane pRthvI ke piNDa ko ekatrita kara pIse, bAra-bAra pIsane para bhI kitane pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko kevala silA- loDhe kA sparza mAtra hotA hai, kitanoM ko sparza taka nahIM hotA, kucha jIvoM ke saMgharSa hotA hai aura kucha jIvoM ko nahIM, kucha eka pIr3A kA anubhava karate haiM, kitane marate haiM aura kitane marate taka nahIM, kitane pise jAte haiM aura kitane nahIM / sthAvara jIvoM ko chUne mAtra se kaSTa hotA hai kI maryAdA nahIM samajhI jA sakatI / 1. bhagavatI 16 / 3 pise jAte / ' zastra - viveka ke binA ahiMsA

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hiMsA prANAtipAta pApa hai, caNDa hai, raudra hai, moha aura mahAbhaya kA pravartaka hai|' hiMsA gAMTha hai, moha hai, mRtyu hai, naraka hai / ' hiMsA kI paribhASA pramAda aura kAma-bhogoM meM jo Asakti hotI hai, vahI hiMsA hai| AtmA kI azuddha pariNati mAtra hiMsA hai, isakA samarthana karate hue AcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai- 'asatya Adi sabhI vikAra Atma-pariNati ko bigAr3ane vAle haiN| isalie ve sabhI hiMsA haiM / asatya Adi jo doSa batalAe haiM ve kevala 'ziSya bodhAya' haiM / saMkSepa meM rAga-dveSa kA aprAdurbhAva ahiMsA aura unakA prAdurbhAva hiMsA hai| rAgadveSa-rahita pravRtti se azakya koTi kA prANa-vadha ho jAe to bhI naizcayika hiMsA nahIM hotI, rAga-dveSa sahita pravRtti se prANa-vadha na hone para bhI vaha hotI hai| jo rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti karatA hai, vaha apanI AtmA kI ghAta kara hI letA hai, phira cAhe dUsare jIvoM kI ghAta kare yA na kre| hiMsA se virata na honA bhI hiMsA hai aura hiMsA meM pariNati honA bhI hiMsA hai| isalie jahAM rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti hai, vahAM nirantara prANa-vadha hotA hai|" nizcaya dRSTi se AtmA hI ahiMsA hai aura vahI hiNsaa| apramatta AtmA ahiMsaka hai aura jo pramatta hai, vaha hiMsaka hai| 1. praznavyAkaraNa 1123 : eso so pANavaho pAvo, caNDo, ruddo-mohamaha vbhypvho| 2. AcArAMga 1 / 1178 : esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu __nnre| 3. vahI 111186 4. puruSArtha-siddhaya pAya-42 48 5. haribhadra kRta aSTaka 7, zloka 6 kI vRtti AyA ceva ahiMsA, AyA hiMsetti nicchao esa / jo hoi appamatto, ahiMsao hiMsao iyro||

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ahiMsA tasva darzana jIva-vadha AtmA-vadha hai aura jIva-dayA AtmA-dayA / isalie AtmArthI puruSa saba jIvoM kI hiMsA ko tyAga detA hai|' Atma-guNa kA hanana karane vAlA vastutaH hiMsaka hotA hai aura Atma-guNa kI rakSA karane vAlA ahiMsaka / vItarAga aura avItarAga saMyamI jo apramatta dazA meM hai, usake dvArA aparihArya prANa-vadha ho jAe vaha prANa-vadha hai, kintu vAstava meM hiMsA nhiiN| __ ina tathyoM se sApha ho jAtA hai ki prANa-vadha aura hiMsA sarvathA eka nahIM haiN| isI dRSTikoNa kI abhivyakti ke lie ahiMsA zabda vyavahAra meM AyA-aisA pratIta hotA hai| ahiMsA zabda hiMsA kA niSedha hai| hiMsA sadeha-dazA meM hotI hai aura ahiMsA bhI usI meN| videha-dazA meM hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI koI kalpanA hI nahIM hotii| hiMsA bandhana yA sadeha-dazA kA hetu hai aura ahiMsA mukti yA videha-dazA kA / mukti hone ke bAda ahiMsA AtmA kI zuddhi rUpa raha jAtI hai, sAdhanA rUpa nhiiN| phira usakA koI kArya nahIM rhtaa| isalie usakI koI kalpanA bhI nahIM hotii| mukti kA dharma hai-hiMsA kA nissedh| isIlie mokSa-dharma kA svarUpa nakAra kI bhASA meM kahA gyaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne isa para bar3e sundara DhaMga se likhA hai'mAnavoM meM jIvana-saMcAra kisI na kisI hiMsA se hotA hai| isalie sarvopari dharma kI paribhASA eka nakArAtmaka kArya ahiMsA se kI gaI hai| yaha zabda saMhAra kI saMkar3I meM baMdhA huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha hai ki zarIra meM jIvana-saMcAra ke lie hiMsA svAbhAvika rUpa se Avazyaka hai| isI kAraNa ahiMsA kA pujArI sadaiva prArthanA karatA hai ki use zarIra ke bandhana se mukti prApta ho| __ sadeha jIvana tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-hiMsA kA, hiMsA ke alpIkaraNa kA aura ahiMsA kaa| hiMsA ke jIvana meM hiMsA-ahiMsA kA viveka hI nahIM hotaa| hiMsA ke alpIkaraNa ke jIvana meM hiMsA ko kama se kama karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / ahiMsA ke jIvana meM hiMsA kA pUrA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| hiMsA ke prakAra hiMsA mAtra se pApa-karma kA bandha hotA hai, isa dRSTi se hiMsA kA koI prakAra nahIM hotaa| kintu hiMsA ke kAraNa aneka hote haiM, isalie kAraNa kI dRSTi se usake prakAra bhI aneka ho jAte haiN| koI jAna-bUjhakara hiMsA karatA hai to koI ana 1. bhakta parijJA prakIrNaka-63 2. mahAtmA gAMdhI ke vicAra (5-138), sI0 epha0 eNDrajU /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana jAna meM bhI hiMsA kara DAlatA hai| koI prayojanavaza karatA hai to koI binA prayojana bhii| 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM hiMsA ke pA~ca samAdAna batalAe haiM : 1. artha-daNDa, 2. anartha-daNDa, 3. hiMsA-daNDa, 4. akasmAt-daNDa, 5. dRSTiviparyAsa-daNDa / 1. artha-daNDa jo vyakti apane lie, apanI jAti, parivAra, mitra, ghara, devatA, bhUta aura yajJa Adi ke lie aura sthAvara prANiyoM kI svayaM ghAta karatA hai, dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, ghAta karate hue ko acchA samajhatA hai, vaha artha-daNDa ke dvArA pApa-karma kA baMdha karatA hai| 2. anartha-daNDa koI vyakti trasa prANiyoM ko apane zarIra kI rakSA ke lie nahIM mAratA, camar3e ke lie, mA~sa Adi ke lie bhI nahIM mAratA, isane mere kisI sambandhI ko mArA hai, mAra rahA hai yA mAregA, isalie nahIM mAratA, putra-poSaNa, pazu-poSaNa, ghara kI surakSA, zramaNa-brAhmaNa kI jIvikA ke lie bhI nahIM mAratA kintu binA prayojana hI kutUhala Adi ke lie vaha prANiyoM ko mAratA hai, chedana karatA hai, bhedana karatA hai, aMgoM ko kATa DAlatA hai, camar3e aura netroM ko ukhAr3atA hai, upadrava karatA hai, vaha anartha daNDa-nirarthaka hiMsA hai| ___isI prakAra binA prayojana sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karane vAlA, capalatAvaza vanaspatiyoM ko ukhAr3a pheMkane vAlA, nadI-tAlAba Adi jalAzayoM ke taTa para parvata va vana Adi meM binA matalaba Aga lagA dene vAlA bhI anartha-daNDa ke dvArA pApakarma kA baMdha karatA hai| 3. hiMsA-daNDa bahuta se vyakti dUsare prANiyoM ko isa AzaMkA se mAra DAlate haiM ki 'yaha jIvita rahakara mujhe mAra DAlegA,' 'jaise kaMsa ne devakI-putroM ko unake dvArA 1. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 18

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ahiMsA tattva darzana bhaviSya meM apane nAza kI zaMkA karake mAra DAlA thaa|' bahuta se apane saMbaMdhI ke ghAta ke krodha se prANiyoM kA ghAta karate haiM, jaise parazurAma ne apane pitA ke ghAta se krodhita hokara kArtavIrya kA vadha kiyA thA / bahuta se vyakti siMha, sarpa Adi prANiyoM kA vadha isalie kara DAlate haiM ki yaha jIvita rahakara dUsare prANiyoM kA vadha kregaa| isa prakAra jo puruSa kisI trasa yA sthAvara prANI kI svayaM ghAta karatA hai dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, athavA prANIghAta karate hue ko acchA mAnatA hai, usako hiMsA hetuka kriyA se pApa-karma kA baMdha hotA hai|' 4. akasmAt-daNDa kisI prANI kI ghAta karane ke abhiprAya se calAe hue zastra ke dvArA yadi dUsare prANI kA vadha ho jAe to use akasmAta-daNDa kahate haiN| kyoMki ghAtaka vyakti kA usa prANI kI ghAta kA Azaya na hone para bhI acAnaka usakI bAta ho jAtI hai| aisA dekhane meM bhI AtA hai ki mRga kA vadha kara apanI jIvikA karane vAlA vyAdha mRga ko lakSya kara bANa calAtA hai parantu vaha bANa kabhI-kabhI lakSya se bhraSTa hokara mRga ko nahIM lagatA kintu dUsare pakSI Adi ko laga jAtA hai / isa prakAra pakSI ko mArane kA Azaya na hone para bhI usa ghAtaka ke dvArA pakSI Adi kA vadha ho jAtA hai| ataH yaha akasmAt-daNDa kahalAtA hai| kisAna jaba apanI khetI kA parizodhana karatA hai, usa samaya dhAnya ke paudhoM kI hAni karane vAle tRNoM ko sApha karane ke lie vaha unake Upara zastra calAtA hai| parantu kabhI-kabhI usakA zastra ghAsa para na lagakara dhAnya ke paudhoM para hI laga jAtA hai jisase dhAnya ke paudhoM kI ghAta ho jAtI hai / kisAna kA Azaya dhAnya ke paudhoM kA chedana karane kA nahIM hotA, phira bhI usase dhAnya ke paudhoM kA chedana ho jAtA hai| ise akasmAt-daNDa kahate haiM / ataH mArane kI icchA na hone para bhI yadi apane dvArA calAe hue zastra se koI anya prANI mara jAe to akasmAt-daNDa dene kA pApa hotA hai| 5. dRSTi-viparyAsa-daNDa anya prANI ke bhrama se anya prANI ko daNDa denA dRSTi-viparyAsa-daNDa kahalAtA hai / jo puruSa mitra ko zatru ke bhrama se tathA sAhUkAra ko cora ke bhrama se daNDa detA 1. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 16 2. vahI, 2 / 2 / 20

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ahiMsA tattva darzana hai, usake dRSTi-viparyAsa se hone vAlI hiMsA ke dvArA pApa-karma kA baMdha hotA hai|' hiMsA ke nimitta saMkSepa meM hiMsA ke nimitta do haiM--rAga aura dveSa / rAga ke do prakAra haiMmAyA aura lobha / krodha aura mAna-ye dveSa ke prakAra haiN| 1. mitra-doSa-nimittaka kaI vyakti aise hote haiM, jo thor3e aparAdha meM mahAn daNDa dete haiM / mAtA, pitA, bhAI, bhaginI, strI, putra-vadhU tathA kanyA ke dvArA thor3A aparAdha hone para bhI unheM mahAn daNDa dete haiN| ThaNDaka ke dinoM meM ve unheM barpha ke samAna ThaNDe jala meM girA dete haiM tathA garmI ke dinoM meM unake zarIra para garma jala DAlakara kaSTa dete haiM evaM agni, garma lohA yA garma tela chir3akara unake zarIra ko jalA dete haiM / tathA beMta, rassI, char3I Adi se mArakara unake zarIra kI camar3I udher3a dete haiN| aise vyakti jaba ghara para rahate haiM, taba unake parivAra vAle duHkhI rahate haiM aura unake paradeza cale jAne para ve sukhI rahate haiN| aise puruSa isa loka meM apanA tathA dUsaroM kA ahita karate haiM aura marane ke pazcAt ve paraloka meM atyanta krodhI aura parokSa meM nindA karane vAle hote haiN| yaha mitra-doSa se hone vAlI hiMsA kA nimitta hai|' 2. mAna-nimittaka jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, zAstra, lAbha, aizvarya aura prajJA ke mada se matta hokara jo vyakti dUsare prANiyoM ko tuccha ginatA hai tathA apane ko sabase zreSTha mAnatA huA dUsare kA tiraskAra karatA hai, usake mAna-nimittaka hiMsA-karma kA bandha hotA hai| 3. mAyA-nimittaka kaI vyakti bAhara se sabhya aura sadAcArI pratIta hote haiM parantu chipakara pApa karate haiM / ve logoM para apanA vizvAsa jamAkara pIche se unheM Thagate haiM / ve bilakula tuccha vRtti vAle hokara bhI apane ko parvata ke samAna mahAn samajhate haiN| ve mAyAkapaTa-kriyA karane meM bar3e catura hote haiN| ve Arya hote hue bhI dUsare para apanA 1. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 21 2, vahI, 2 / 2 / 26 3. bahI, 2 / 2 / 25

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ahiMsA tattva darzana prabhAva jamAne ke lie anArya bhASA kA vyavahAra karate haiM / koI-koI vaiyAkaraNa Adi aise dhUrta hote haiM ki zAstrArthaM meM vAdI ko parAsta karane ke lie tarka- mArga ko sAmane rakha dete haiM tathA apane ajJAna ko Dhakane ke lie vyartha zabdADambaroM se samaya kA durupayoga karate haiN| kapaTa ke kAryoM se apane jIvana ko nidita karane vAle bahuta se mAyAvI akAryoM meM rata rahate haiM / jaise koI mUrkha hRdaya meM gar3e hue bANa ko pIr3A se Darakara svayaM na nikAle tathA dUsare ke dvArA bhI na nikalavAe kintu use chipAkara vyartha hI duHkhI banA rahe, isI taraha kapaTI puruSa apane hRdaya ke kapaTa ko bAhara nikAlakara nahIM pheMkatA hai tathA apane akRtya ko niMdA ke bhaya se chipAtA hai / vaha apanI AtmA ko sAkSI banAkara apane mAyAcAra kI niMdA bhI nahIM karatA tathA vaha apane guru ke nikaTa jAkara usa mAyA kI AlocanA nahIM karatA hai / aparAdha vidita ho jAne para gurujanoM ke dvArA nirdeza kie hue prAyazcitoM kA AcaraNa bhI vaha nahIM karatA hai| isa prakAra kapaTAcaraNa ke dvArA apanI samasta kriyAoM ko chipAne vAle vyakti kI isa loka meM atyanta niMdA hotI hai, usakA vizvAsa haTa jAtA hai, vaha kisI samaya doSa na karane para bhI doSI mAnA jAtA hai, vaha marane ke pazcAt paraloka meM nIca se nIca sthAna meM jAtA hai | vaha bAra-bAra tiryaMca tathA naraka yoni meM janma letA hai / aisA vyakti dUsare ko dhokhA dekara lajjita nahIM hotA apitu prasannatA kA anubhava karatA hai tathA apane ko dhanya mAnatA hai / usakI cittavRtti sadA pravaMcanA meM lIna rahatI hai / usake hRdaya meM zubhabhAva kI pravRtti hotI hI nahIM / usake mAyA-nimittaka hiMsA karma kA bandha hotA hai / " 4. lobha-nimittaka kaI vyakti isa prakAra kahA karate haiM ki 'maiM mArane yogya nahIM kintu dUsare prANI mArane yogya haiM / maiM AjJA dene yogya nahIM kintu dUsare prANI AjJA dene yogya haiN| maiM dAsa, dAsI Adi banAne ke yogya nahIM parantu dUsare prANI dAsa, dAsI banAne yogya haiM / maiM kaSTa dene yogya nahIM kintu dUsare prANI kaSTa dene yogya haiM / maiM upadrava ke yogya nahIM parantu dUsare prANI upadrava ke yogya haiM? -isa prakAra upadeza dene vAle kAma bhoga meM Asakta rahate haiM / ve sadA viSaya-bhoga kI khoja meM lage rahate haiM / isa prakAra usa lobhI vyakti ke lobha-nimittaka hiMsA - karma kA bandha hotA hai / " kaI vyakti khAna-pAna ke lie hiMsA karate haiM / ve binA hI aparAdha prANiyoM 1. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 27 2. vahI, 2 / 2 / 27 3. vahI, 22 28 35

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ahiMsA tattva darzana ko daNDa dene vAle hote haiN| ve nirdayI jIva apane aura dUsaroM ke bhojanArtha zAli, maMga, gehUM Adi annoM ko pakAkara ina prANiyoM ko binA hI aparAdha daNDa dete haiN| kaI nirdaya vyakti tItara, baTera tathA batakha Adi pakSiyoM ko binA hI aparAdha mArate phirate haiN| ___ kaI vyakti vandanA, pUjA, mAna prApta karane lie, janma-maraNa se chUTane ke lie yA duHkhoM ko rokane ke lie nAnA prakAra se hiMsA karate haiN| trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA ke nimitta kucha vyakti trasa jIvoM ke zarIra ke lie unakA vadha karate haiN| kaI unake camar3e ke lie, mAMsa ke lie, lohI ke lie, hRdaya ke lie, pIMchI ke lie, pUMcha ke lie, bAla ke lie, sIMga ke lie, dAMta ke lie, DADha ke lie, nakha ke lie, AMkha ke lie, haDDI ke lie, asthi majjA ke lie--Adi aneka prayojanoM se trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiM aura kucha vyakti binA prayojana hI trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| kaI rasa-lolupa vyakti madhu ke lie madhumakkhiyoM ko mArate haiM, zArIrika duvidhA miTAne ke lie khaTamala Adi ko mArate haiM, vibhUSA bar3hAne vAle rezamI vastra banAne ke lie kIr3oM kI ghAta karate haiM / isa prakAra ajJAnI jIva aneka kAraNoM se trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN|' sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA ke nimitta kRSi (khetI) Adi ke lie, bAvar3I, kuAM, sarovara, tAlAba, bhitti, citA, vedikA, ArAma, stUpa, prakAra, dvAra, gopura, aTTAlaka, carika (ATha hAtha pramANa kA mArga), pula, prAsAda, vikalpa, bhavana, ghara, zayana, layana dUkAna, pratimA, devAlaya, citrazAlA, prapA, Ayatana, parivrAjaka kA nivAsa-sthAna, bhUmigRha, maNDapa, ghar3A Adi bartanoM ke lie, vividha kAraNoM se prerita hokara mandabuddhi vAle vyakti pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA karate haiN| snAna karane ke lie, pAnI pAne ke lie, bhojana banAne ke lie, vastra dhone ke lie aura zuci Adi karane ke lie pAnI ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN|" 1. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 35 2. AcArAMga 111140 3. praznavyAkaraNa 13 4. vahI, 16 5. vahI, 17

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 'kaI vyakti dhAnya pakAne ke lie anya se pakavAne ke lie, dIpaka jalAne aura bujhAne ke lie agnikAya kI hiMsA karate haiN|" 'anAja sApha karane ke lie chAja phaTakakara, paMkhe se havA lekara, bIjane se bIMjakara, khuzI Adi prakaTa karane ke lie tAlI bajAkara Adi-Adi kAraNoM se vAyukAya kI hiMsA karate haiN|' _ 'ghara banAne ke lie, myAna banAne ke lie, khAne ke lie bhojana taiyAra karane ke lie, paryaka, bAjoTa-phalaka Adi banAne ke lie, mUsala-Ukhala banAne ke lie, taMtrI, tAra, vAdya-yaMtra, vitata, par3ahAdi banAne ke lie, anya vAdya-yaMtroM ke lie, vAhana, zakaTa, kaNDapa, bhaka, toraNa, pakSiyoM ke sthAna, devAlaya, jAliyoM ke lie ardhacandra, vArazAka, candrazAlA vedikA, piDhI, naukA, caMgerI, khaMTI, sabhA, prapA, Dibbe, mAlA, vilepana, vastra, ratha, hala, zivikA sAMgrAmika, ratha, gAr3I, aTTAlaka, nagaradvAra, gopura, yaMtra, zUla, lAThI, bandUka, zatadhanI Adi-Adi banAne ke lie vanaspati kI hiMsA karate haiN| 'kaI vyakti krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati-arati, zoka ke lie strI, puruSa, napuMsaka ke lie, jIvitavya kI kAMkSA ke lie, dharma-nimitta, svavaza yA paravazatA se, prayojana se yA binA prayojana hI trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN|" 'kaI vyakti artha (dhana) ke lie, dharma ke lie. kAma-bhoga ke lie athavA artha dharma aura kAma-tInoM ke lie hiMsA karate haiN|" ajJAnavaza hiMsA 'ajJAnavaza kI huI hiMsA bhI hiMsA hotI hai| bahuta sAre vyakti hiMsA ke svarUpa aura pariNAma ko jAnate hue hiMsA karate haiM / 'jo jIvoM ke svarUpa ko jAnane meM kuzala haiM, ve hI ahiMsA ke svarUpa ko jAnane meM kuzala haiM aura jo ahiMsA kA svarUpa jAnane meM kuzala haiM, ve hI jIvoM kA svarUpa jAnane meM kuzala haiN|" 1. praznavyAkaraNa, 118 2. vahI, 19 3. vahI, 1110 4. vahI, 1111 5. vahI, 1112 6. vahI, 1 / 13 7. AcArAMga: je dIhalogasatthassa kheyanne, se asatthassa kheyanne / je asatthassa kheyanle, se dIhalogasatthassa kheyanne /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana viSaya-bhoga meM Asakta manuSya pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni, vanaspati aura trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| unheM isa hiMsA kA bhAna taka nahIM hotaa| yaha unake lie hitakara to hai hI nahIM, parantu sacce jJAna kI prApti ke lie bAdhaka hai| sthAvara jIvoM kI dazA aura vedanA ekendriya jIva atrANa, azaraNa, anAtha aura abandhu haiM, karma-zRMkhalA se ba~dhe hue haiM / akuzala vicAra vAle maMda-buddhi vyaktiyoM dvArA durgamya haiN|' jaise koI kisI andhe manuSya ko chede-bhede yA mAre-pITe to vaha use na dekhate hue bhI duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, vaise hI pRthvI na dekhate hue bhI apane Upara hone vAle zastraprahAra ke duHkha kA anubhava karatI hai / hiMsA-sabake lie samAna sAvadya anuSThAna karane vAle anyatIthika mukta nahIM hote, vaise hI sAvadha karmasevI sva tIthika bhI mukta nahIM hote| hiMsA, virati kA upadeza jo Asakti ke kAraNa pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA karate haiM, unako apanI Asakti ke sAmane hiMsA kA bhAna nahIM rhtaa| parantu pRthvI kI hiMsA na karane vAle saMyamI manuSyoM ko isakA pUrA bhAna rahatA hai| buddhimAna kabhI pRthvI kI hiMsA na kare, na karAe aura na karane kI anumati de / jo muni aneka pravRttiyoM se hone vAlI pRthvI kI hiMsA ko acchI taraha jAnatA hai, vahI saccA marmajJa hai| __ isI prakAra jala meM aneka jIva haiN| jina pravacana meM kahA gayA hai ki jala jIva hI hai, isa kAraNa usakA upayoga karanA hiMsA hai| jala kA prayoga karate hue dUsare jIvoM kA bhI nAza hotA hai| isake sivA, dUsaroM ke zarIra kA unakI icchA-viruddha upayoga karanA corI bhI to hai / aneka manuSya aisA samajhakara ki jala hamAre pIne aura snAna ke lie hai, usakA upayoga karate haiM aura jala ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| yaha unako ucita nahIM hai| jo muni jala ke upayoga se hone vAlI hiMsA ko yathAvat jAnatA hai, vahI saccA marmajJa hai| isalie 1. praznavyAkaraNa 114 2. AcArAMga 1 / 127,28 3. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 41 4. AcArAMga 11112

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ahiMsA tattva darzana buddhimAn jala kI hiMsA na kare / ' isI prakAra jo agnikAya ke jIvoM ke svarUpa ko jAnane meM kuzala haiM, ve hI ahiMsA kA svarUpa jAnane meM kuzala haiN| manuSya viSaya-bhoga kI Asakti ke kAraNa agni tathA dUsare jIvoM kI hiMsA karate rahate haiM, kyoMki Aga jalAne meM pathvIkAya ke, ghAsa-pAta ke, gobara-kacare meM rahane vAle tathA Aga ke Asa-pAsa ur3ane-phirane vAle aneka jIva jalakara mara jAte haiM / isI prakAra aneka manuSya Asakti ke kAraNa vanaspati kI hiMsA karate haiN| vanaspati bhI janmazIla aura sacitta hai / jaise-jaba koI vyakti hameM mAre-pITe to hama duHkhI ho jAte haiM, vaise hI vanaspati bhI duHkhI hotI hai| jaise hama AhAra lete haiM, vaise hI vaha bhI / hamAre samAna vaha bhI anitya aura azAzvata hai| hama ghaTatebar3hate haiM, usI prakAra vaha bhI ghaTatI-bar3hatI hai / jaise apane meM vikAra hote haiM, vaise hI usameM bhI hote haiM / jo vanaspati kI hiMsA karate haiM, unako hiMsA kA bhAna nahIM hotA / jo muni vanaspati kI hiMsA ko jAnatA hai, vahI saccA marmajJa hai / ' ____ aMDaja, potaja, jarAyuja, rasaja, saMsvedaja, saMmUcchima, udbhija aura aupapAtika-ye saba trasa jIva haiN| inakI hiMsA na kare, na kraae| isI prakAra vAyukAya ke jIvoM ko samajhanA cAhie / aneka vyakti Asakti ke kAraNa vividha pravRttiyoM dvArA vAyu-kAya kI tathA usake sAtha hI aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiM / kyoMki dUsare aneka ur3ane vAle jIva jhapaTa meM A jAte haiM aura isa prakAra AghAta, saMkoca, paritApa aura vinAza ko prApta hote haiN| hiMsA ke pariNAma kA nirNaya ekendriya, dvIndriya Adi kSudra prANI haiN| hAthI, ghor3e Adi mahAkAya prANI haiM / kintu ina sabakI AtmA samAna hai--asaMkhya pradeza vAlI hai| isalie inakI hiMsA se eka sarIkhA vaira yA karma-bandha hotA hai-aisA ekAMta vacana nahIM bolanA cAhie / isI prakAra ina prANiyoM meM jJAna, vikAsa, indriya, zarIra aura puNya kA tAratamya hai / isIlie inako mArane meM vaira yA karma-bandha samAna nahIM hotAaisA ekAnta vacana bhI nahIM bolanA caahie| kAraNa yaha hai-karma-bandha kI 1. AcArAMga 111 / 3 2. vahI 1 / 114 3. vahI 11115 4. vahI 11116 5. vahI 11117 6. sUtrakRtAMga 214164

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40 ahiMkA tattva darzana nyUnatA aura adhikatA kA kAraNa mAre jAne vAle prANI kI kSudratA aura mahattA nahIM kintu mArane vAle ke manda-bhAva, tIna-bhAva, ajJAna-bhAva, jJAna-bhAva AdiAdi aneka kAraNa haiN| isalie ekamAtra mAre jAne vAle prANI ke hisAba se karmabandha kI nyUnAdhikatA kA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / hiMsA kisI bhI sthiti meM hiMsA hai / usase karma-bandha hotA hai--yaha nizcita hai| hiMsA kA sUkSma vicAra apratyAkhyAnI-pApakarmoM kA tyAga na karane vAlI AtmA asaMyata, avirata hotI hai / vaha mana, vacana, zarIra aura vAkya ke vicAra se rahita ho, svapna bhI na dekhatI ho, atyanta avyakta vijJAna vAlI ho, phira bhI pApa-karma karatI hai|' prazna hotA hai ki jisa prANI ke mana, vacana aura kAya pApa-karma meM lage hue nahIM haiM, jo prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA aura jo mana, vacana, kAya aura vAkya se rahita hai tathA jo svapna bhI nahIM dekhatA yAnI avyakta vijJAna vAlA hai, vaha prANI pApa karane vAlA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / kyoMki mana, vacana aura kAyA ke pApayukta hone para hI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pApa kie jAte haiM, parantu jina prANiyoM kA jJAna avyakta hai, jo pApa-karmoM ke sAdhana se hIna haiM, unake dvArA pApa-karma kiyA jAnA sambhava nahIM / uttara yaha hai ki jo jIva chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata nahIM haiM kintu avasara, sAdhana aura zakti Adi kAraNoM ke abhAva se unakI hiMsA nahIM karate, ve una prANiyoM ke ahiMsaka nahIM kahe jA skte| prANAtipAta Adi pApoM se jo nivRtta nahIM, vaha kisI bhI avasthA meM ho, pApa-karma karatA hai| jo loga yaha kahate haiM ki 'prANiyoM kI hiMsA na karane vAle jo prANI manovikala aura avyakta jJAna vAle haiM, unako pApa-karma kA bandha nahIM hotA-yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / eka vadhaka kisI kAraNa se gAthApati athavA usake putra yA rAjA athavA rAjakumAra ke Upara kruddha hokara isa khoja meM rahatA hai ki avasara milane para maiM inakA vadha karU~gA / vaha apanI icchA ko saphala karane kA avasara nahIM pAtA, taba taka dUsare kArya meM lagA huA udAsIna-sA banA rahatA hai / usa samaya vaha yadyapi ghAta nahIM karatA tathApi usake hRdaya meM unake ghAta kA bhAva usa samaya bhI banA rahatA hai| vaha sadA unake ghAta ke lie tatpara rahatA hai parantu avasara na milane para ghAta nahIM kara sakatA / ataH ghAta na karane 1. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 4 2. vahI, 214164 3. vahI, 2 / 4 / 64

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 41 para bhI vaisA bhAva hone se vaha puruSa sadA unakA ghAtaka hI hai / isI prakAra apratyAkhyAnI ekendriya aura vikalendriya prANI bhI mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga se anugata hone ke kAraNa prANAtipAta Adi pApoM se dUSita hI haiM, ve unase nivRtta nahIM haiN| jaise avasara na milane para gAthApati Adi kA ghAta na karane vAlA pUrvokta puruSa unakA avarI nahIM kintu vairI hI hai, usI taraha prANiyoM kA ghAta na karane vAle apratyAkhyAnI jIva bhI prANiyoM ke vairI hI haiM, avairI nhiiN| jina prANiyoM kA mana rAga-dveSa se pUrNa aura ajJAna se DhakA huA hai, ve hI dUsare prANiyoM ke prati dUSita bhAva rakhate haiN| kyoMki ekamAtra virati hI bhAva ko zuddha karane vAlI hai / vaha (virati) jinameM nahIM hai, ve prANI sabhI prANiyoM ke bhAva se vairI haiM / jinake ghAta kA avasara unheM milatA hai, unakI ghAta unase na hone para bhI ve unake aghAtaka nahIM haiN| isalie jisa prANI ne pApa kA pratighAta aura pratyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA, vaha spaSTa vijJAnahIna bhale ho, phira bhI pApa karma karatA phira prazna hotA hai-aise to sabhI prANI sabhI prANiyoM ke zatru ho jAte haiM, para yaha jaMcatA nhiiN| kAraNa ki hiMsA kA bhAva paricita vyaktiyoM para hI hotA hai, aparicita vyaktiyoM para nhiiN| saMsAra meM sUkSma, bAdara, paryApta aura aparyApta ananta prANI aise haiM jo deza, kAla aura svabhAva se atyanta dUravartI haiM / ve itane sUkSma aura dUra haiM ki hamAre jaise arvAgdI puruSoM ne unheM na to kabhI dekhA hai aura na sunA hai| ve kisI ke na to vairI haiM aura na mitra hii| phira unake prati kisI kA hiMsAmaya bhAva honA kisa prakAra sambhava hai ? isalie sabhI prANI sabhI prANiyoM ke prati hiMsA ke bhAva rakhate haiM, yaha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| __uttara yaha hai-jo prANI jisa prANI kI hiMsA se nivRtta nahIM kintu pravRtta hai, usakI cittavRtti usake prati sadA hiMsAtmaka hI banI rahatI hai| isalie vaha hiMsaka hI hai, ahiMsaka nhiiN| jaise koI grAma kI ghAta karane vAlA vyakti jisa samaya grAma kI ghAta karane meM pravRtta hotA hai, usa samaya jo prANI usa grAma ko chor3akara kisI dUsare sthAna meM cale gae haiM, unakI ghAta unake dvArA nahIM hotI to bhI vaha ghAtaka puruSa una prANiyoM kA aghAtaka yA unake prati hiMsAtmaka cittavRtti na rakhane vAlA nahIM hai, kyoMki usakI icchA una prANiyoM ke bhI ghAta kI hai arthAt vaha unheM bhI mAranA hI cAhatA hai parantu ve usa samaya vahAM upasthita nahIM haiM, isalie ve nahIM mAre jAte / isI taraha jo prANI dezakAla ke dUra ke prANiyoM ke ghAta 1, sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 4 / 64 2. vahI, 2 / 4 / 64

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42 ahiMsA tattva darzana kA tyAgI nahIM hai, vaha unakA bhI hiMsaka hI hai| usakI cittavRtti unake prati hiMsAtmaka hI hai| isalie pahale jo kahA gayA hai ki apratyAkhyAnI prANI samasta prANiyoM ke hiMsaka haiM-yaha ThIka hI hai| isa viSaya meM do udAharaNa aura haiM / eka saMjJI kA aura eka asaMjJI kA / unakA Azaya yaha hai-eka puruSa ekamAtra pRthvIkAya se apanA kArya karanA niyata kara zeSa prANiyoM ke Arambha karane kA tyAga kara detA hai / vaha deza, kAla se dUravartI pRthvIkAya kA bhI hiMsaka hI hai, ahiMsaka nahIM / pUchane para vaha yahI kahatA hai- "maiM pRthvIkAya kA Arambha karatA hUM, karAtA hUM aura karane vAle kA anumodana karatA huuN|" parantu vaha yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki maiM zveta yA nIla pRthvIkAya kA Arambha karatA hUM, zeSa kA nhiiN| kyoMki usake kisI bhI pRthvI-vizeSa kA tyAga nahIM hai, isalie AvazyakatA na hone se yA dUrI Adi ke kAraNa vaha jisa pRthvI kA Arambha nahIM karatA, usakA bhI aghAtaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA evaM usa pRthvI ke prati usakI cittavRtti hiMsA-rahita nahIM kahI jA sktii| isI taraha prANiyoM ke ghAta kA pratyAkhyAna nahIM kie hue prANI ko deza-kAla se dUravartI prANiyoM kA aghAtaka yA unake prati usakI ahiMsAtmaka cittavRtti nahIM kahI jA sktii| yaha saMjJI kA dRSTAnta hai| jo jIva jJAna-rahita tathA mana se hIna haiM, ve asaMjJI kahe jAte haiN| ve jIva soe hue, matavAle tathA mUcchita Adi ke samAna hote haiM / pRthvI se lekara vanaspati taka ke prANI tathA vikalendriya se lekara sammUcchima paMcendriya taka ke trasa prANI asaMjJI haiN| ina asaMjJI prANiyoM meM tarka, saMjJA,vastu kI AlocanA karanA, pahacAna karanA, manana karanA aura zabda kA uccAraNa karanA Adi nahIM hotA to bhI ye prANI dUsare prANiyoM ke ghAta kI yogyatA rakhate haiN| yadyapi inameM mana, vacana aura kAyA kA viziSTa vyApAra nahIM hotA, tathApi ye prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha pApoM se yukta haiM, isalie ye prANiyoM ko du:kha, zoka aura pIr3A utpanna karane se virata nahIM haiM, isalie ina asaMjJI jIvoM ke pApa-karma kA bandha hotA hai| isI prakAra jo manuSya pratyAkhyAnI nahIM hai, vaha cAhe kisI avasthA meM ho, sabake prati duSTa Azaya hone ke kAraNa usake pApa-karma kA bandha hotA hI hai / jaise pUkti dRSTAnta ke saMjJI aura asaMjJI jIvoM ke deza kAla se dUravartI prANiyoM ke prati duSTaAzaya hone se karmabandha hotA hai, isI prakAra pratyAkhyAna-rahita prANI ke dezakAla se dUravartI prANiyoM ke prati bhI duSTa-Azaya hone se karma-bandha hotA hI hai|' hiMsA kI sUkSma vicAraNA para kriyA kA siddhAnta vikasita huA hai / karmabandha kI nimittabhUta ceSTA ko kriyA kahate haiM / vaha pA~ca prakAra kI hai 1. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 4 / 66

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 43 1. kAyikI, 2. AdhikaraNikI, 3. prAdveSikI, 4. pAritApanikI, 5. prANAtipAtikI, kAyikI zarIra se hone vAlI asaMyata pravRtti ko kAyikI kriyA kahate haiM / vaha do prakAra kI hotI hai-anuparata aura duSprayukta / asaMyama meM pravRtti nahIM kintu nivRtta bhI nahIM, usa AtmA kI zArIrika pravRtti 'anuparata kAyikI' kahalAtI hai| 'duSprayukta kAyikI' zarIra kI duSpravRtti ke samaya hotI hai / yaha saMyati muni ke bhI ho sakatI hai / avirati kI apekSA muni hiMsaka nahIM hotaa| sarva-pApa-karma kI virati karane vAlA hI muni hotA hai| usake pramAdavaza kabhI duSpravRtti ho jAtI hai, vaha hiMsA hai| jo sarva-virati nahIM hote, ve avirati kI apekSA se bhI hiMsaka hote haiM / hiMsA meM pravRtti na karate samaya pravRtti kI apekSA ahiMsaka hote hue bhI avirati kI apekSA ahiMsaka nahIM hote| isI daSTi se sarva-virati ko paMDita aura dharmI, apUrNa virati ko bAlapaMDita aura dharmAdharmI tathA avirati ko bAla aura adharmI kahA hai| AdhikaraNikI hiMsA ke sAdhana-yaMtra, zastra-astra Adi kA nirmANa karanA aura pahale bane hue yaMtra Adi ko prayoga ke lie taiyAra karanA kramazaH nirvartanAdhikaraNI aura saMyojanAdhikaraNI kriyA kahalAtI hai / prAdveSikI apane Apa para yA dUsaroM para athavA donoM para dveSa karanA / pAritApanikI apane Apa ko kaSTa denA, dUsaroM ko kaSTa denA yA donoM ko kaSTa denaa| prANAtipAtikI apanI ghAta karanA, dUsaroM kI ghAta karanA athavA donoM kI ghAta krnaa| isa kriyA-paMcaka kI apekSA jIva sakriya aura akriya donoM prakAra ke hote eka jIva dUsare jIva kI apekSA kadAcit trikriya hotA hai, kadAcit catuSkriya 1. bhagavatI 111146 2. vahI, 17 / 2

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44 ahiMsA tattva darzana aura kadAcit paMcakriya' / tIna kriyA pratyeka avirata prANI meM hotI haiN| vaha kisI ko kaSTa detA hai taba cAra aura prANaghAta karatA hai taba pAMca kriyAe~ hotI kriyA jaise vartamAna jIvana kI apekSA se hotI hai, vaise atIta jIvana kI apekSA se bhI hotI hai| atIta zarIra yA usakA koI bhAga hiMsA meM vyApta hotA hai, vaha zarIra adhikaraNa to hai hii| hiMsA sambandhI akuzala mana kA pratyAkhyAna nahIM hotA, usakA vyakta zarIra yA zarIra-bhAga kaSTa dene meM vyApta hotA hai, usase prANa-viyoga hotA hai--isa prakAra atIta zarIra se bhI pAMca kriyAe~ hotI haiM / atIta zarIra kI kriyA dvArA karma-bandha hotA hai, vaha pravRtti rUpa nahIM hotaa| kintu vaha zarIra usa vyakti ke dvArA vyutsRSTa--- tyakta nahIM hotA-usane virati dvArA atIta zarIra se apanA sambandha nahIM tor3A, isalie avirati-rUpa pApa-karma kA baMdha hotA hai| jo vyakti atIta ke zarIra aura adhikaraNa ko tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se tyAga dete haiM, vartamAna zarIra ke dvArA bhI inameM se koI kriyA nahIM karate, ve akriya hote haiM / deha-dazA meM akriya kevala sarva virati muni hI ho sakate haiN| eka vyakti ne bANa pheMkA / hariNa marA / bANa pheMkane vAle vyakti ko pAMca kriyAe~ lagIM aura jina jIvoM ke zarIra se bANa banA, una jIvoM ko bhI pA~ca kriyAe~ lgiiN| (1) bANa pheMkane vAlA pA~ca kriyA se spaSTa ho--yaha sahI hai kintu jina jIvoM ke vyakta zarIra se bANa banA, ve bhI pA~ca kriyA se spRSTa hoM-yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? vyakta zarIra acetana ho jAtA hai| usake dvArA koI dUsarA vyakti hiMsA kare, taba usa zarIra ke niSpAdaka jIva ko kriyA kyoM lage ? (2) aura yadi lage to mukta jIva bhI isa doSa se mukti nahIM pA skte| unake tyakta zarIra kA bhI hiMsA meM prayoga ho sakatA hai / / (3) tyakta zarIra ke duSprayoga se unake niSpAdaka jIvoM ke jaise pApa-karma kI kriyA hotI hai, vaise hI unake zarIra dharmopakaraNa ke rUpa meM dharma ke sAdhana baneM, to unake niSpAdaka jIvoM ke puNya-karma kI kriyA bhI honI caahie| inakA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai1. prajJApanA pada 22 2. vahI, pada 22 vatti 3. vahI, pada 22 vRtti 4. vahI, pada 22 vRtti 5. bhagavatI 5 / 6 / 10

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45 ahiMsA tattva darzana (1) baMdha avirati ke pariNAma se hotA hai| avirati kA pariNAma jaise bANa pheMkane vAle vyakti ke hotA hai, vaise hI jina jIvoM ke zarIra se bANa banA unake bhI hotA hai| isalie inake avirati kI dRSTi se pApa-karma kI kriyA hotI hai| (2) mukta jIvoM ke avirati nahIM hotI, isalie unake tyakta zarIra dvArA pApa-karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| (3) jina jIvoM ke zarIra se dharmopakaraNa banatA hai, unake puNya karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| pApa-baMdha kA kAraNa-avirati jaise nirantara hotI hai, vaise puNya kA kAraNa-zubha pravRtti nirantara nahIM hotii| vaha vivekapUrvaka yA prayatnapUrvaka karane se hI hotI hai / tAtparya yaha hai--kisI jIva kA tyakta zarIra kisI dUsare jIva kI hiMsA kA sahAyaka banatA hai, itane mAtra se usako hiMsA kA doSa nahIM lagatA kintu usake bhI pUrva zarIra kI Asakti tyakta nahIM hotI, isalie use Asakti rUpa hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai, pravRtti rUpa nhiiN| vaha dharma karane kA sAdhana banatA hai, taba use usake dvArA dharma kA phala nahIM milatA / kAraNa yaha hai-dharma tabhI hotA hai jabaki AtmA kI usameM pravRtti hotI hai, anyathA vaha nahIM hotaa| avirati kI apekSA jIva ko adhikaraNI aura adhikaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| adhikaraNa hiMsAdi pApa karmoM ke hetubhUta vastu ko adhikaraNa kahate haiN| usake do bheda haiM-Antarika aura bAhya / zarIra aura indriyA~ Antarika adhikaraNa haiM aura kulhAr3I Adi parigrahAtmaka vstueNbaahy-adhikrnn| jisake ye hote haiM, vaha jIva 'adhikaraNI' kahalAtA hai aura zarIrAdi adhikaraNa se kathaMcid abhinna hone se 'adhikaraNa' bhI kahalAtA hai| ___sarva-virati vAle jIvoM ke zarIrAdi adhikaraNa nahIM hote / avirati vAle jIvoM ke hI zarIrAdi adhikaraNa hote haiM / hiMsA kA viveka aura tyAga jo apanA duHkha jAnatA hai, vaha apane se bAhara dUsare kA duHkha jAnatA hai aura jo apane se bAhara dUsare kA duHkha jAnatA hai, vahI apanA duHkha jAnatA hai / 1. bhagavatI 516 vRtti 2. vahI, 161 3. AcArAMga // 14147 : je ajjhatthaM jANai se bahiyA jANai, je bahiyA jANai se ajjhatthaM jANai /

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46 ahiMsA tattva darzana jo vyakti jIvoM kI hiMsA meM apanA aniSTa samajhatA hai, vahI usakA tyAga kara sakatA hai / zAnti ko prApta hue saMyamI puruSa dUsare jIvoM kI hiMsA kara jIne kI icchA nahIM karate / buddhimAna vyakti ko aisA nizcaya karanA cAhie ki pramAdavaza pahale jo kucha kiyA, vaha Age nahIM karUMgA / vividha karmarUpI hiMsA kI pravRtti maiM nahIM karUM- - isa bhAvanA se jo uThA hai, isI para manana kiyA hai, abhaya kA marma samajhA hai - vahI buddhimAn vyakti ina pravRttiyoM ko nahIM karatA / jina pravacana meM aise hI vyakti ko uparata aura anagAra kahA hai / jaina darzana kA uddezya hai - nirvANa - mokSa / nirvANa karma kI zAnti se milatA hai / karma kI zAnti sarva virati se hotI hai / sarva-virati pratyAkhyAnIya cAritra moha ke vilaya se prApta hotI hai / prANImAtra kA lakSya yaha honA cAhie ki vaha sarva virati bane / kintu pratyAkhyAnIya moha kA udaya rahate sarva virati nahIM AtI / yaha AtmA kI azakyatA hai / isa azakyatA kI dazA meM yathAzakya virati kA vidhAna hai / kintu jinake apratyAkhyAnIya moha kA udaya hotA hai, ve aMzata: bhI virati nahIM kara sakate 1 unake lie samyag - dRSTi banane kI vyavasthA hai / anantAnubandhI moha ke udaya se jo samyagdRSTi bhI nahIM bana sakate, unake lie nirjarA-tapasyA kA mArga khulA rahatA hai / nirjarA - tapa, samyag - dRSTi aura virati - ye mokSa ke sAdhana haiM / nirjarA mokSa kA sAdhana hai para kevala nirjarA se mukti nahIM hotI, dRSTi bhI samyak honI cAhie / cAritra ke binA ina donoM se bhI mukti nahIM hotI / tInoM - samyag dRSTi, nirjarA aura cAritra - virati eka sAtha hote haiM, taba AtmA karma - mukta hotI hai / jo muni kaivalya prApta nahIM karatA, vaha mukta nahIM banatA / jo sarva-virati nahIM banatA, vaha vItarAga nahIM banatA / jo vItarAga nahIM banatA, vaha kaivalya prApta nahIM karatA / isalie saba muni mukta nahIM hote / kintu jo muni vrata pAlana karate-karate vItarAga bana kevalI bana jAte haiM, ve hI mukta hote haiM / ghara meM rahate hue bahuta sAre Arambha samArambha (hiMsA Adi kArya ) karane par3ate haiM, isalie usa dizA meM sarva-virati ho nahIM sktii| Arambha-hiMsA karatA huA jIva mukta nahIM banatA / gRhastha jitanA tyAga karatA hai, usakI utanI hI virati hotI hai, zeSa avirati hotI hai / jo kucha bhI tyAga nahIM karatA, vaha avirata hotA hai / isake AdhAra para tIna

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ahiMsA tattva darzana pakSa banate haiM (1) adharma pakSa / (2) dharma pakSa / (3) dharma-adharma pkss| sarvathA avirita hotI hai, vaha adharma pakSa hai| sarvathA virati hotI hai, vaha dharma pakSa hai / kucha virati aura kucha avirati hotI hai, vaha dharma-adharma pakSa hai| adharma pakSa hiMsA kA sthAna hai, dharma pakSa ahiMsA kA sthAna hai, dharma-adharma pakSa ahiMsA aura hiMsA kA sthAna hai / hiMsA jIvana kI paravazatA __ ahiMsA meM maitrI hai, sadbhAvanA hai, sauhArda hai, ekatA hai, sukha aura zAnti hai| ahiMsA kA svarUpa hai upazama, madutA, saralatA, santoSa, anAsakti aura adveSa / ahiMsA hamAre mana meM hai, vANI meM hai aura kAryoM meM hai, yadi inake dvArA hama na kisI dUsare ko satAte haiM aura na apane Apako / ahiMsA hamArI svAbhAvika kriyA hai| hiMsA hamAre svabhAva ke pratikUla hai / hiMsA meM manuSya ko paravazatA kA bhAna honA caahie| binA khAe, binA pIe, binA kucha kie zarIra cala nahIM sakatA / zarIra ke sAmarthya ke binA khAne-pIne kA sAdhana nahIM juTAyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra kI kramabaddha zRMkhalAoM kI anivArya preraNAoM se manuSya vyApAra karatA hai| dhana kA arjana karatA hai| usakI rakSA karanA hai| upabhoga karatA hai| coraluTeroM se apane svatva ko bacAtA hai| daNDa-prahAra karatA hai| zAsana-vyavasthA karatA hai aura apane virodhiyoM se lohA letA hai| yaha saba hiMsA hai| pUrNa Atma-saMyama ke binA saba prakAra kI hiMsA ko nahIM tyAgA jA sakatA aura saba prakAra kI hiMsA ko tyAgane ke pazcAt ye saba kAma nahIM kie jA sakate / kitanI jaTila samasyA hai ahiMsA aura hiMsA ke bIca / hiMsA ke binA gRhastha jI nahIM sakatA aura ahiMsA ke binA vaha mAnavIya guNoM ko nahIM pA sakatA / aisI sthiti meM bahudhA vicAra-zaktiyA~ ulajha jAtI haiM aura ahiMsA kA mArga kaThora pratIta hone lagatA hai / jaina AcAryoM ne manovaijJAnika tarIkoM se mAnasika vicAroM kA adhyayana kiyA, unakI gaharI chAnabIna kI aura tatpazcAt eka tIsare hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke bIca ke mArga (madhyaya mArga) kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| yaha mArga yathAzakya ahiMsA ke svIkAra kA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra usakA nAma ahiMsA-aNuvrata hai| gRhastha khAne ke lie bhojana pakAte haiM, pAnI pIte haiM, rahane ke lie makAna banavAte haiM, pahanane-or3hane ke lie kapar3e banavAte haiM--yaha ArambhI hiMsA hai| khetI

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48 ahiMsA tattva darzana karate haiM, kala-kArakhAne calAte haiM, vyApAra karate haiM-yaha udyogI hiMsA hai| rASTra, janatA evaM kuTumba kI rakSA karate haiM, AtatAyiyoM se lar3ate haiM, apane AzritoM ko ApattiyoM se bacAte haiM, chala-bala Adi sambhava upAyoM kA prayoga karate haiM-yaha virodhI hiMsA hai| dveSavaza yA lobhavaza dUsaroM para AkramaNa karate haiM, binA prayojana kisI ko satAte haiM, dUsaroM kA svatva chInate haiM, apane tuccha svArthoM ke lie manamAnA prANa-vadha karate haiM, vRttiyoM ko ucchakhala karate haiM-yaha saMkalpI hiMsA hai| isa prakAra hiMsA ke cAra pramukha varga kie gae haiM / gaha-tyAgI muni isa cAra prakAra kI hiMsA ko tyAgate haiM, anyathA ve muni nahIM ho sakate / gRhastha pahalI tIna prakAra kI hiMsA ko pUrNa rUpa se nahIM tyAga sakate, tathApi yathAsambhava inako tyAganA cAhie / vyApArAdi karane meM manuSya kA sIdhA uddezya hiMsA karane kA nahIM, kArya karane kA hotA hai, hiMsA ho jAtI hai| saMkalpI hiMsA kA sIdhA uddezya hiMsA kA hotA hai, kArya karane kA nhiiN| dUsaroM ke sukha, zAnti-hita aura adhikAroM ko kucalane vAle kArya bhI bahudhA saMkalpI hiMsA jaise bana jAte haiM / ataH sAmUhika nyAyanIti kI vyavasthA kA ullaMghana karanA bhI sabala hiMsA kA sAdhana hai / saMkalpI hiMsA to gRhastha ke lie bhI sarvathA varjanIya hai| jIvana kI anivArya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie hone vAlI hiMsA kA asara vyaktiniSTha hai, samaSTigata nhiiN| kintu saMkalpI hiMsA kA abhizApa samUce rASTra aura samAja ko bhoganA par3atA hai|

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AdhyAtmikatA kA mApadaNDa : virati kisI bhI kArya ke do pahala hote haiM lakSya aura pariNAma / pahale lakSya banatA hai, phira kArya aura phira pariNAma / lakSya atIta ho jAtA hai, kArya vartamAna rahatA hai aura pariNAma bhaviSya para nirbhara hotA hai| lakSya, kArya aura pariNAma-tInoM eka koTi ke hote haiM, taba vaha kArya sarvAMgapUrNa hotA hai| lakSya yA kArya meM bheda hotA hai, kArya yA pariNAma meM bheda hotA hai athavA lakSya, kArya aura pariNAma tInoM meM bheda hotA hai, taba ve ekAMgI bana jAte haiN| kisI bhI vastu kA mApadaNDa nizcita karane kI do dRSTiyAM hotI haiM : vyavahAra aura nishcy| vyavahAra-dRSTi sthUla hotI hai, isalie usake anusAra hetu, kArya aura pariNAma-tInoM bhinna ho sakate haiM / nizcaya-dRSTi meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| vaha sUkSma aura tattva-darzI hai| isalie usake anusAra kArya aura usakA pariNAmaye bhinna koTika nahIM ho skte| pariNAma kArya kA avazyambhAvI phala hai| vaha kabhI bhI aura kisI bhI sthiti meM kriyA ke pratikUla nahIM hotaa| kriyA acchI aura pariNAma burA, kriyA burI aura pariNAma acchA-yaha jo dikhAI detA hai, vaha prAsaMgika pariNAma ke kAraNa hotA hai| kriyA ke maulika phala kI kriyA ke sAtha aikAntika aura Atyantika ekarUpatA hotI hai- acchI kriyA kA phala acchA hotA hai aura burI kriyA kA burA / nizcaya-dRSTi ke pariNAma kriyA kI acchAI aura burAI ke mApadaNDa bana sakate haiM-jisakA pariNAma acchA hotA hai, vaha kriyA acchI aura jisakA pariNAma burA hotA hai, vaha kriyA burii| ye (nizcaya-dRSTi ke pariNAma) adhikAMzatayA niyamagamya yA saiddhAntika hote haiM / __ahiMsA kA vAstavika pariNAma Atma-zuddhi hai, yaha eka niyama yA siddhAnta hai / koI vyakti jAna sake yA nahIM kintu jahAM ahiMsA hotI hai, vahAM Atma-zuddhi

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50 ahiMsA tattva darzana avazya hotI hai, isalie vaha kriyA kI vyAvahArika kasauTI nahIM bana sakatI / vyavahAra-dRSTi ke pariNAma tathA nizcaya dRSTi ke prAsaMgika pariNAma yadyapi spaSTa hote haiM, unheM jAnane ke lie niyama-nirdhAraNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / kintu kriyA ke svarUpa ke sAtha unakI ekarUpatA nahIM hotI, isalie unameM kriyA kI aura koTi kA nirdhAraNa karane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI / kriyA hetu ke anukUla bhI ho sakatI hai aura pratikUla bhI / hetu aura kriyA kI aikAntika aura Atyantika ekarUpatA nahIM hotI / isalie vaha bhI kArya kI kasauTI nahIM banA sakatA / kANTa ne naitikatA kA mApadaNDa nizcita karate samaya nizcaya aura vyavahAradRSTi kA upayoga karate hue likhA hai-- pratyeka bhalA hetu bhalA hI Antarika pariNAma utpanna karatA hai / usakA bAhya pariNAma bhalA yA burA ho sakatA hai / " naitikatA ke mApadaNDa ke bAre meM pazcimI dArzanikoM ke do mata haiMhetuvAda aura pariNAmavAda / hetuvAda ke anusAra kAma kI bhalAI yA burAI ko dekhane ke lie hamako usake pariNAma ko na dekhakara usake hetu ko dekhanA cAhie / hetu kI zuddhatA para kArya kI pavitratA nirbhara karatI hai / jisa kArya kA hetu pavitra hai, usakA phala cAhe jo kucha ho, vaha pavitra hI kArya hai / 2 w kATa ke isa hetu kA pratipakSa benthama aura jAna sTuarTa mila kA pariNAmavAda hai| usake anusAra sabhI kAryoM ke hetu eka se hI hote haiM / ataeva hetu kI dRSTi se na kisI kAma ko bhalA aura burA kahA jA sakatA hai / cora corI apane sukha ke lie karatA hai, isI prakAra dAnI puruSa bhI dAna sukha prApti ke nimitta karatA hai / ataeva yadi hetu para vicAra kiyA jAe to na cora kA kAma burA hai aura na dAnI kA bhalA / donoM ke kAma eka hI hetu se hone ke kAraNa eka se hI haiM / pariNAmavAdI naitika AcaraNa kI kasauTI pariNAma ko mAnate haiM / sukhavAda isI kA AbhArI hai / benthama ke matAnusAra pratyeka vyakti sukha kA icchuka hai / vaha use bhalA samajhatA hai ataeva bhalAI kA kAma vaha hai, jisake dvArA adhika sukha mile aura burA kAma vaha hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa adhika kaSTa mile / sambhavataH aisA koI bhI kAma na hogA, jisase kucha sukha aura duHkha donoM hI utpanna na hoN| para hameM apekSAkRta sukha aura duHkha ko dekhanA hai / jisa kAma meM sukha adhika milatA hai aura duHkha kama, vahI acchA hai / yahI bAta jAna sTuarTa mila kahate haiM - 'pratyeka vyakti sukha cAhatA hai ataeva 1. nItizAstra, pR0 165 2. vahI, pR0 166

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 51 sukha cAhane yogya vastu hai| isalie sukha kI prApti karanA naitika AcaraNa kA Adarza honA caahie|' ___ AcArya bhikSu ke vicArAnusAra hetu aura kArya meM sArvadika aura sArvatrika ekarUpatA nahIM hotii| kArya kA pariNAma jo anantara yA nizcaya-daSTiparaka hotA hai, vaha spaSTa jAna nahIM pdd'taa| aura prAsaMgika pariNAma jAna par3ate haiM, ve kArya ke sAtha nizcita sambandha nahIM rakhate-vyApta nahIM hote / isalie hetu aura pariNAma, ye donoM usakI kasauTI nahIM banate / __kArya kI kasauTI usake svarUpa kA viveka hI hai / kArya jaise sahetuka hotA hai, vaise nirhetuka bhI hotA hai| hetu yadi kArya kI koTi kA nirNAyaka ho to sahaja bhAva se hone vAle kArya kI koTi kA nirNAyaka phira kauna hogA ? isalie kArya ke svarUpa kA viveka hI usakI koTi kA nirNAyaka ho sakatA hai| kArya amuka koTi kA hai-adhyAtmika, naitika, rAjanaitika, sAmAjika yA asAmAjika hai-- aisA nirNaya hone para usakI acchAI, burAI, upayogitA, anupayogitA kA nirNaya sApekSa hotA hai / sabhI dRSTiyoM se yA apekSAoM se koI bhI kArya acchA yA burA nahIM hotaa| kisI bhI kArya ko acchA yA burA kahane ke pIche eka vizeSa dRSTi yA apekSA hotI hai / cora apane sukha ke lie corI karatA hai / usa dvArA kalpita sukha kI dRSTi se corI burI nahIM hai, corI burI hai Adarza kI dRSTi se / sukha kI cAha prANI kI manovRtti hai / vaha Adarza kA mAnadaNDa nahIM hai| 'kevala vastusthiti ke AdhAra para Adarza kA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jahAM para Adarza kA nizcaya hotA hai, vahA~ para manuSya ko vastusthiti ke stara se UMcA uThanA par3atA hai| ataeva kevala manovijJAna ke AdhAra para manuSya ke naitika AcaraNa kA mApadaNDa nizcita karanA anucita hai| kartavyazAstra meM pradhAna bAta yaha nahIM hai ki manuSya kyA karanA cAhatA hai, varan pradhAna bAta yaha hai ki use kyA karanA cAhie / manuSya meM sukha kI cAha avazya hai parantu usameM isa cAha ko niyaMtrita karane kI yogyatA bhI hai / vaha apane viveka ke dvArA sukha kI cAha ko niyaMtrita kara sakatA hai|" __ jisa kArya kA hetu pavitra hotA hai, vaha kArya pavitra hI hai-yaha ekAMgI hetuvAda bhI nirdoSa nahIM hai / hetu kI pavitratA mAtra se kArya pavitra nahIM bntaa| kArya hetu kI pavitratA ke anurUpa hI ho, tabhI pavitra banatA hai| jaisA hetu vaisA hI kArya-yaha hetu aura kArya kI jo anurUpatA hai, vahI kArya kI kasauTI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa-ahiMsA kA AcaraNa AdhyAtmika kArya hai| usakA hetu hai -Atma 1. nItizAstra, pR0 24, 25 /

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52 ahiMsA tattva darzana zodhana / adhyAtma kI dRSTi se ahiMsA kA AcaraNa isalie acchA hai ki vaha Atma-zodhana ke anurUpa hai / Atma-zodhana aura ahiMsA kI ekAtmakatA hai| Atmazodhana ke lie jo kucha kare, vaha dharma nahIM kintu Atma-zodhana anAtma-bhAva kI virati se hotA hai| isalie Atma-zodhana kI dRSTi se virati dharma hai, avirati adharma hai| hetu aura kriyA kA sAmaMjasya ho (donoM kI ekarUpatA ho), vahAM yaha rUpa bana sakatA hai: hetu acchA-kArya acchaa| hetu burA-kArya buraa| pariNAma acchA--kArya acchaa| pariNAma burA-kArya buraa| jisa kArya kA hetu apavitra hotA hai vaha kArya apavitra hI hai, yaha ekAMgitA bhI ucita nhiiN| jaise hetu ke pavitra hone mAtra se kArya pavitra nahIM hotA, vaise hI hetu ke apavitra hone mAtra se kArya apavitra nahIM hotaa| pavitratA aura apavitratA apane-apane svarUpa meM nihita hotI hai| hetu itanA balavAn ho ki vaha kArya ke svarUpa ko hI badala DAle athavA kArya itanA balavAn ho ki vaha hetu ke svarUpa ko hI badala DAle, vahAM ve pavitra hoM yA apavitra, unakI ekarUpatA hotI hI hai| usI kA nAma hai--hetu aura kriyA kA sAmaMjasya, jisake rUpa Upara batAe jA cuke haiN| kintu jahAM donoM eka-dUsare ko AtmasAt nahIM kara pAte, vahAM ve ekAMgI avazya hote haiM / para unakA svarUpa parasparAvalambI nahIM hotaa| jaise koI vyakti, amuka hiMsaka ko samajhAkara ahiMsaka banAUM yA amuka ahiMsaka hiMsA meM jA rahA hai, use phira se ahiMsA meM sthira karUM-isa pavitra uddezya ko lie calA / kintu calA asAvadhAnI se, mArga meM kIr3oM ko kucalate hue claa| usake jAne kA uddezya pavitra hai kintu jAnA isalie pavitra nahIM rahA ki usakA (jAne kA) svarUpa svayaM hiMsAtmaka ho gyaa| yadi vaha sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jAtA, jIvoM ko nahIM mAratA to usakA jAnA bhI pavitra hotA / kintu jAne meM hiMsA huI, isalie vaha vaisA nahIM huaa| dUsarA mukhya kArya hai-hiMsaka ko ahiMsaka banAnA yA ahiMsaka ko phira se ahiMsA meM sthira krnaa| hiMsaka ahiMsaka banegA yA nahIM aura ahiMsaka phira se ahiMsA meM sthira hogA yA nahIM, yaha to usI ke viveka para nirbhara hai| kintu jo samajhAne calA, vaha unheM samajhAne ke apane prayatnoM ko ahiMsaka nahIM rakha skaa| unhoMne usakI bAta nahIM mAnI, vaha krodha ke mAre Aga-babUlA ho gayA, bakavAsa karane lagA / uddezya pavitra thA, kintu kArya pavitra nahIM huaa|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 53 aise prasaMgoM meM jahAM hetu aura kArya ke svarUpa eka-dUsare para avalambita nahIM hote (unakA sAmaMjasya nahIM hotA), vahAM hetu aura kriyA meM asAmaMjasya kI sthiti meM, unakA svarUpa-viveka hI unakI kasauTI banatA hai| svarUpAtmaka kasauTI kI daSTi se hetu aura kArya ke rUpa isa prakAra hoMge : 1. hetu acchA-kArya burA / 2. hetu burA-kArya acchA / pahale rUpa kA nidarzana Upara kI paMktiyoM meM A cukA hai| dUsare rUpa kA nidarzana isa prakAra hai : (1) eka vyakti mAra se bacane ke lie saca bolaa| saca bolane kA hetu sahI nahIM hai kintu vaha asatya nahIM bolA, yaha galata nahIM hai| (2) roTI nahIM milI, anicchA se bhUkha sahI, yaha akAma-tapasyA hai| isakA bhAvAtmaka hetu nahIM, isalie vaha vastuvRttyA ahetuka hai| kintu abhAvAtmaka (roTI ke abhAva ko hI) hetu mAnA jAe to usa sthiti meM yaha niSkarSa AtA hai ki roTI kA abhAva pavitra nhiiN| pavitra hai-bhUkha sahana, jo ki tapasyA hai| zrImajjayAcArya ke zabdoM meM-akAma tapasyA meM Atma-zodhana kI dRSTi se bhUkha sahane kI icchA nahIM hai| yaha burAI hai| kintu jo bhUkha sahI jAtI hai, vaha burAI nahIM / paudgalika sukha ke lie tapasyA kii| yahA~ hetu kI dRSTi se kArya acchA nahIM hai| phira bhI tapasyA kA svarUpa nirdoSa hai, isalie svarUpa kI dRSTi se vaha burA bhI nhiiN| hetu aura kriyA kI samaMjasa sthiti jaisA pariNAma lAtI hai, vaisA pariNAma unakI asamaMjasatA meM nahIM aataa| Atma-zodhana ke lie hone vAlI tapasyA meM pavitratA kA jo sarvAMgINa-utkarSa hotA hai, vaha anicchA yA paudgalika icchA se hone vAlI tapasyA meM kabhI nahIM hotaa| phira bhI ekAMgitA meM jitanA honA cAhie, utanA pariNAma avazya hotA hai / eka vyakti kA uddezya hai --bar3appana / usakI pUrti ke lie vaha tapasvI banatA hai| pahale meM kriyA uddezya ke anurUpa nahIM hai / dUsare meM uddezya kriyA ke anurUpa nahIM hai| pratirUpa kriyA uddezya ko pUrA nahIM hone detI aura pratirUpa uddezya kriyA ko pUrA nahIM banane detaa| isakI asamaMjasatA na miTane taka pUrNatA AtI hI nahIM, isalie yaha sthiti vAMchanIya nahIM hai, phira bhI yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki svarUpa kI dRSTi se donoM eka nahIM haiN| pariNAma se dharma-adharma kA nirNaya nahIM hotaa| use AcArya bhikSu ne tIna

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54 ahiMsA tattva darzana udAharaNoM dvArA samajhAte hue kahA 1. eka seTha kI dUkAna meM sAdhu Thahare hue the| karIba rAta ke bAraha baje the| gaharA sannATA thA / ni:stabdha vAtAvaraNa meM cAroM ora mUka zAnti thii| cora Ae / seTha kI dUkAna meM ghuse / tAlA todd'aa| dhana kI thailiyA~ le mur3ane lge| itane meM unakI niHstabdhatA bhaMga karane vAlI AvAz2a AyI-'bhAI ! tuma kauna ho ?' unako kucha kahane kA, karane kA maukA hI nahIM milA ki tIna sAdhu sAmane A khar3e ho ge| coroM ne dekhA ki sAdhu haiM, unakA bhaya miTa gayA aura uttara meM bole'mahArAja ! hama haiM...' unheM yaha vizvAsa thA ki sAdhuoM ke dvArA hamArA aniSTa hone kA nahIM, isalie unhoMne aura spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA--'mahArAja ! hama cora haiM...'sAdhuoM ne kahA-'itanA burA kArya karate ho, yaha ThIka nhiiN|' sAdhu baiTha gae aura cora bhii| aba donoM kA saMvAda calA / sAdhuoM ne corI kI burAI batAI aura coroM ne apanI paristhiti / samaya bahuta bIta claa| dina hone claa| Akhira coroM para upadeza asara kara gyaa| unake hRdaya meM parivartana aayaa| unhoMne corI ko Atma-patana kA kAraNa mAna use chor3ane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| corI na karane kA niyama' bhI kara liyA / ve aba cora nahIM rahe, isalie unheM bhaya bhI nahIM rhaa| kucha ujAlA huA, loga idhara-udhara ghUmane lge| vaha seTha bhI ghUmatA-ghUmatA apanI dUkAna ke pAsa se niklaa| TUTe tAle aura khule kivAr3a dekha vaha avAk-sA ho gyaa| turanta Upara AyA aura dekhA ki dUkAna kI eka ora cora baiThe haiM, sAdhuoM se bAta kara rahe haiM aura unake pAsa dhana kI thailiyA~ par3I haiM / seTha ko kucha AzA bNdhii| kucha kahane jaisA huA, itane meM cora bole'seThajI ! yaha ApakA dhana surakSita hai, cintA na kreN| yadi Aja ye sAdhu yahA~ na hote to Apa bhI karIba-karIba sAdhu-jaise bana jaate| yaha muni ke upadeza kA prabhAva hai ki hama loga sadA ke lie isa burAI se baca gae aura isake sAtha-sAtha ApakA yaha dhana bhI baca gyaa|' seTha bar3A prasanna huaa| apanA dhana sambhAla muni ko dhanyavAda detA huA apane ghara calA gyaa| yaha pahalA cora kA dRSTAnta hai / isameM do bAteM huIM--eka to sAdhuoM kA upadeza suna coroM ne corI chor3I, isameM coroM kI AtmA corI ke pApa se bacI aura dUsarI, usake sAtha seThajI kA dhana bhI bacA / aba socanA yaha hai ki isameM AdhyAtmika dharma kauna-sA hai ? coroM kI AtmA corI ke pApa se bacI, vaha yA seThajI kA dhana bacA, vaha ? 2. kasAI bakaroM ko Age kie jA rahA thaa| mArga meM sAdhu mile| unameM

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ahisA tattva darzana se pramukha sAdhu ne kasAI ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-'bhAI ! ina bakaroM ko bhI mauta se pyAra nahIM, yaha tama jAnate ho| inako bhI kaSTa hotA hai, pIr3A hotI hai, tumheM mAlUma hai| khaira ! ise jAne do| inako mArane se tumhArI AtmA malina hogii| usakA pariNAma dUsarA kauna bhogegA?' muni kA upadeza suna kasAI kA hRdaya badala gyaa| usane usI samaya bakaroM ko mArane kA tyAga kara diyA aura AjIvana niraparAdha trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA bhI pratyAkhyAna kiyA / kasAI ahiMsaka- sthUla-hiMsA-tyAgI bana gyaa| ___ yaha dUsarA kasAI kA dRSTAnta hai| isameM bhI sAdhu ke upadeza se do bAteM huIMeka to kasAI hiMsA se bacA aura dUsarI, usake sAtha-sAtha bakare mauta se bce| aba socanA yaha hai ki inameM AdhyAtmika dharma kauna-sA hai ? kasAI hiMsA se bacA, vaha yA bakare bace, vaha ? cora corI ke pApa se bace aura kasAI hiMsA se| yaha unakI Atmazuddhi huI, isalie yaha niHsandeha AdhyAtmika dharma hai| corI aura hiMsA ke tyAga se unheM dharma huA, kintu ina donoM ke prasaMga meM jo do kArya aura hue-dhana aura bakare bace, unameM Atmazodhana kA koI prasaMga nhiiN| isalie unake kAraNa dharma kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi koI unheM bhI AdhyAtmika dharma mAne to use tIsare dRSTAnta para dhyAna denA hogaa| 3. arddharAtri kA samaya thA / bAjAra ke bIca eka dUkAna meM tIna sAdhu svAdhyAya kara rahe the| saMyogavaza tIna vyakti usa samaya udhara se nikale / sAdhuoM ne unheM dekhA aura pUchA-'bhAI ! tuma kauna ho? isa ghorabelA meM kahAM jA rahe ho ?' yaha prazna unake lie eka bhaya thaa| ve mana hI mana sakucAe aura unhoMne dekhane kA yatna kiyA ki praznakartA kauna hai ? dekhA, taba patA calA ki hameM isakA uttara eka sAdhu ko denA hai- saca kaheM yA jhUTha ? Akhira socA-sAdhu satyamUrti haiN| inake sAmane jhUTha bolanA ThIka nahIM / kahate saMkoca hotA hai, na kaheM yaha bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki isase unakI avajJA hotI hai| yaha soca ve bole-'mahArAja ! kyA kaheM ? Adata kI lAcArI hai, hama pApI jIva haiM, vezyA ke pAsa jA rahe haiN|' sAdhu bole- 'tuma kulIna dIkhate ho, saca bolate ho, phira bhI aisA anArya karma karate ho, tumheM yaha zobhA nahIM detaa| viSaya-sevana se tumhArI vAsanA nahIM miTegI / ghI kI Ahuti se Aga bujhatI nahIM / ' sAdhu kA upadeza hRdaya taka pahuMcA aura aisA pahuMcA ki unhoMne tatkAla usa jaghanya vRtti kA pratyAkhyAna kara ddaalaa| vaha vezyA bahuta dera taka unakI bATa dekhatI rahI, Akhira ve Ae hI nahIM, taba unakI khoja meM cala par3I aura ghUmatI

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ahiMsA tattva darzana phiratI vahIM jA pahuMcI / apane sAtha calane kA Agraha kiyA kintu unhoMne aisA karane se inkAra kara diyaa| vaha vyAkula ho rahI thI, usane kahA-'Apa caleM, nahIM to maiM kueM meM girakara AtmahatyA kara luuNgii|' unhoMne kahA-'hama jisa nIca karma ko chor3a cuke, use phira nahIM apnaaeNge|' usane tInoM kI bAta sunIanasunI kara kueM meM gira AtmahatyA kara lii| yaha tIsarA vyabhicArI kA dRSTAnta hai / isameM bhI do bAteM huI-eka to sAdhu ke upadeza se vyabhicAriyoM kA durAcAra chUTA aura dUsarI, unake kAraNa vaha vezyA kueM meM gira mara gaI / aba kucha Upara kI ora cleN| yadi corI-tyAga ke prasaMga meM bacane vAle dhana se coroM ko, hiMsA-tyAga ke prasaMga meM bacane vAle bakaroM se kasAI ko dharma huA mAnA jAe to vyabhicAra-tyAga ke prasaMga meM vezyA ke marane ke kAraNa ina tInoM vyaktiyoM ko adharma huA, yaha bhI mAnanA hogaa| yaha AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa hai ki dharma-adharma AtmA kI mukhya pravRttiyoM para nirbhara hai, prAsaMgika pravRttiyAM dharma-adharma kA kAraNa nahIM bntii| __ tInoM ke pariNAma kramaza:- (1) dhana kI rakSA, (2)bakaroM kI rakSA aura (3) vezyA kI mRtyu hai / pariNAma se kArya kA mUlya AMkA jAe to eka hI koTi kA kArya do jagaha acchA hogA aura tIsarI jagaha burA, kintu aisA hone para bhI kisI kArya kA mUlyAMkana sthira nahIM ho sakatA / corI kA tyAga, jIvahiMsA kA tyAga aura vyAbhicAra kA tyAga, jo muni ke upadezoM se hRdaya-parivartana hone para Atma-zuddhi ke lie kie gae, unakA svarUpa virati yA saMyama hai| aura ve Atma-zuddhi ke virodhI nahIM haiM tathA unakA anantara pariNAma Atma-zuddhi hai / ____ AcArya bhikSu ne isa svarUpa-vivekAtmaka kasauTI se dharma-adharma ko kasA aura unake lakSaNa baaNdhe| unakI paribhASA ke anusAra ahiMsA hI dharma hai| unakA lakSya hai--Atma-zuddhi-sAdhakatA / sukha-sAdhakatA dharma kA lakSaNa nahIM hai / kaI prAcIna tattvavettA sarva-bhUta-sukha ko hI manuSya kA zreSTha dhyeya mAnate the| usa pakSa kA sAra yaha hai ki loka-hitakAraka aura loka-sukhakAraka jo karma hai, vaha dharma hai, lokaduHkhakAraka adharma / kumArila bhaTTa ne isa pakSa ko amAnya btlaayaa| kAraNa sApha hai--zruti, smRti aura paramparA ke bahuta sAre vidhi-niSedha isa kasauTI para ThIka nahIM utara skte| AcArya bhizru ne batAyA-AdhyAtmika bhUmikA kA sukha hai-- nirjraa--aatm-shuddhi| dharma usakA sAdhana hai / vaha paudgalika sukha kA sAdhana ho to adharma jaisA koI kArya rahatA hI nhiiN| DaoN. lakSmaNazAstrI ne pro0 daphtarI ke mata kI mImAMsA karate hue likhA hai-'daphtarIjI dharma kA mukhya lakSaNa sukha-sAdhakatA batalAte haiM, parantu yaha dharma kA lakSaNa nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki bahuta sAre

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57 ahiMsA tattva darzana sAmAjika kartavya aise hote haiM ki unase vyakti ko duHkha aura saMkaTa hI milatA hai| phira bhI unheM pUrA karanA par3atA hai| isa para koI yaha kahegA ki kisI bhI vyakti kI karma-pravRtti sukhArtha athavA duHkha-nivAraNArtha hotI hai| para-hitArtha nirantara rata rahane vAle sAdhu aura sarvathA svArthI kRpaNa manuSya-ina donoM kI pravRtti sukhArtha hI hotI hai| phAMsI para jAne vAle deza-bhakta ko bhI eka prakAra kA sukha prApta hotA hai| isakA uttara yaha hai ki tophira sukha-sAdhakatA dharmya aura adharmya ThaharAne kI kasauTI nahIM ho sktii| kAraNa eka hI kriyA kitane hI vyaktiyoM ke lie sukha-sAdhana aura kitane hI vyaktiyoM ke lie duHkha-sAdhana ho jAtI hai| yajJa ke purohita ko dAna karanA, yaha kriyA vedoM para zraddhA rakhane vAle yajamAna ko sukha, santoSa detI hai aura vahI kriyA vedoM para zraddhA na rakhane vAle manuSya meM viSAda aura asaMtoSa utpanna kara detI hai, kyoMki viziSTa kartavyoM kA mUlya viziSTa sAmAjika sthiti meM hI utpanna hotA hai| sanAtana dharma kI paramparA para vizvAsa rakhane vAle camAra ko aspRzyatA ke va gulAmagirI ke niyama pAlane meM atyanta sukha-santoSa milatA hai aura usa para zraddhA na rakhane vAle camAra ko duHkha aura pApa jAna par3atA hai| isa taraha sukha-sAdhakatA dharma kA lakSaNa nahIM bana sktaa|" jahAM virati nahIM, vahAM dayA dAna yA kucha bhI ho, vaha Atma-zuddhi-sAdhaka dharma nahIM hai| thor3e meM unake vivekavAda kA yahI sAra hai| vivekavAda ke AcAryoM ne isa siddhAnta ko lagabhaga aise hI mAnA hai| kANTa ke anusAra-'dayA athavA moha se prarita hokara svatantra icchA-zakti ke viruddha kAma karanA mAnasika bImArI kA lakSaNa hai| ___ 'jo vyakti jitanI dUra taka rAga-dveSa ke vaza meM AtA hai, vaha utanI hI dUra taka naitika AcaraNa karane meM asamartha rhtaa|" jina saMvegoM aura AvegoM ko loga bhalA samajhate haiM, unheM sToika loga burA samajhate the| kisI bhI paristhiti meM dayA ke Aveza meM AnA burA hai| manuSya dayA ke Aveza meM Akara bhI apane viveka ko bhUla jAtA hai aura nyAya na karake samAja kA ahita kara detA hai| dayA ke sthAna para sToika loga prazAnta mana rahane aura sadbhAvanA lAne kA Adeza karate haiN| saba prANiyoM meM AtmIyatA sthApita karanI 1. hindU dharma kI samIkSA, pR0 66 2. nItizAstra, pR0 166 3. vahI, pR0 168 4. vivekavAda kA eka vizeSa mata 'sToikavAda' hai| IsA se 300 varSa pahale sAiprasa dvIpa ke nivAsI 'janoM' ne isakA pravartana kiyaa|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana caahie| AtmIyatA upAdeya hai, dayA nhiiN|" AcArya bhikSu kA vivekavAda AdhyAtmika vivekavAda hai| unhoMne kahA'dayA-mAtra, dAna-mAtra AdhyAtmika haiM-aisI mAnyatA ucita nahIM / vahI dayA aura dAna Adhyatmika hai jo ahiMsAtmaka hai, rAga-dveSa-rahita hai| zeSa dayA-dAna anAdhyAtmika hai|' unake AdhyAtmika vivekavAda ke phalita ye haiM : 1. virati dharma hai| 2. avirati adharma hai| 3. sukha-sAdhakatA dharma kA lakSaNa nahIM hai / 4. saMsAra aura mokSa kA mArga bhinna-bhinna hai| 5. pariNAma se dharma-adharma kA nirNaya nahIM hotaa| 6. kriyA kA phala vartamAna meM hotA hai, pahale-pIche nhiiN| 7. vrata-vRddhi ke lie avirati-poSaNa dharma nahIM / 8. parigraha kA AdAna-pradAna dharma nhiiN| 6. hiMsA meM aura hiMsA se dharma nahIM hotaa| (ka) eka kI rakSA ke lie dUsare ko mAranA dharma nhiiN| (kha) bar3oM ke lie choToM ko mAranA dharma nhiiN| (ga) deva, guru aura dharma ke lie hiMsA karanA dharma nhiiN| 10. dhana se dharma nahIM hotaa| 11. balAtkAra se dharma nahIM hotaa| 12. hiMsA kie binA dharma nahIM-aisA mAnanA mithyA hai| 13. eka hI kArya meM alpa-pApa, bahu-nirjarA hotI hai-aisA mAnanA mithyA hai| 14. mizra-dharma--- eka hI pravRtti meM dharma-adharma donoM kI prarUpaNA mithyA 15. vratAvratI kA AhAra vrata aura avrata donoM kA poSaka nhiiN| 16. gRhastha dAna kA pAtra-adhikArI nhiiN| 17. gRhastha kA khAna-pAna avrata meM hai| 18. tapasyA dharma hai, pAraNA dharma nhiiN| 1. nItizAstra, pR 148

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 56 vRtti, vyakti aura vastu kA sambandha 1. karma apanA kiyA huA hotA hai, parakRta yA ubhayakRta nahIM hotaa| karma kA nAza bhI apanA kiyA huA hotA hai, parakRta yA ubhayakRta nahIM hotaa| 2. karma ke do rUpa haiM---eka puNya, dUsarA pApa aura karma-vilaya kA rUpa hai--nirjarA, jo dharma hai| pavitra kAya-ceSTA, vANI aura antaHkaraNa se puNya baMdhatA hai aura apavitra kAya-ceSTA, vANI aura antaHkaraNa se pApa / puNya-bandha kA kAraNa ukta tIna kAraNoM ke atirikta aura koI nahIM hai / pApa-bandha meM ukta kAraNoM ke sivA cAra aura kAraNa haiM : (1) mithyA-darzana, (2) avirati, (3) pramAda, (4) kaSAya, 3. puNya-pApa kI kAraNa-sAmagrI vivAda-sthala nahIM hai| vivAda kA viSaya hai-pavitra-apavitra kI carcA / pavitra-apavitra kI mAnyatA aikAntika nahIM ho sktii| vaha sApekSa hai / eka dRSTi se jo vRtti pavitra hotI hai, vaha dUsarI dRSTi se apvitr| isalie eka hI daSTi se kisI bhI vRtti ko pavitra yA apavitra nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vivAha kA saMkalpa gRhasthAzrama kI dRSTi se pavitra hai kintu brahmacaryAzrama kI dRSTi se vaha pavitra nahIM hai| vivAha ko apavitra kahanA gRhasthAzrama ke baMdhe hue saMskAroM meM ubhAra lAtA hai aura use samagra-dRSTi se pavitra kahanA brahmacarya kI niSThA ko tor3ane jaisA hai| isalie ekAntavAdI vicAra kA samAdhAna unakI apanI-apanI maryAdA meM DhaMr3hanA caahie| vivAha apanI maryAdA meM apane Azrama kI dRSTi se pavitra haiitanA hI basa hai| yaha isase Age bar3hA ki saMgharSa huaa| maryAdA-bheda yA bhUmikAbheda ko samajhe binA saMgharSa Talane kA koI rAstA hI nahIM diikhtaa| 4. vRtti kA pahalA rUpa jJAna hai / vaha na pavitra hotA hai aura na apavitra / vaha jJAnAvaraNa kA vilaya-bhAva hai| usase karma kA bandha yA vilaya kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| vahI jJAna saMskAroM se bhAvita hokara vRtti yA bhAvanA banatA hai, taba usake pavitra aura apavitra-ye do rUpa bana jAte haiN| isalie bhAvanA yA antaHkaraNa ko pavitra yA apavitra kahane yA mAnane ke pahale usake pavitra aura apavitra hone ke hetu ko DhUMr3ha nikAlanA caahie| hetu kI chAnabIna meM agara hamane ekAnta-dRSTi kA Azraya liyA to nirNaya sahI nahIM aaegaa| vicAra ke viSaya kI maryAdA ko sApekSa dRSTi se dhyAna meM rakhakara hI use DhUMr3hanA caahie|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 5. dUsarA vyakti aura vastu kisI tIsare kI vRtti ko apavitra yA pavitra nahIM banAte, kevala nimitta bana sakate haiM / apavitratA aura pavitratA apane hI arjita saMskAroM ke pariNAma haiM aura unhIM se karma-bandhana hotA hai / yaha saba solaha AnA sahI hai / kintu kisI vyakti yA vastu ke sAtha hamArI kriyA yA bhAvanA kA dhAgA jur3atA hai, vaha kisa rUpa meM aura kisa saMskAra se bhAvita hokara jur3atA hai, yaha vicArArha hai| kArya kA mUlyAMkana isI para hogA / 6. ( ka ) pavitra bhAvanA se putra kA mAMsa khAne vAlA nirdoSa hai-- eka aisA abhimata haiM / (kha) duHkha - mocana ke lie chaTapaTAte ko karuNArdra hokara mAra DAlane kI bhAvanA bhI pavitra mAnI jAtI rahI hai / (ga) anAsakta bhAva se kevala prajA kI utpatti ke lie abrahmacarya - sevana bhI bahutoM dvArA pavitra mAnA jAtA hai / (gha) AtatAyI ko mArane meM koI doSa nahIM - yaha mAnyatA bhI naI nahIM hai| isa prakAra pavitratA kI vividha kalpanAeM haiN| apavitratA ke pIche bhI aisA hI kalpanAoM kA jAla guMthA huA hai / agara hama vRtti ko hI ekamAtra sthAna deM, unake vartana ke AdhArabhUta vastu aura vyakti ko bhulA baiTheM - yaha ghora aikAntikatA hogI / 7. roTI eka vastu hai / vaha parigraha nahIM hai aura na vaha kisI kA bhalAburA karane vAlI hai kintu vyakti kI vRtti se jur3akara vaha bhI parigraha bana jAtI hai / sthUla dRSTi se yahI kahA jAegA ki roTI jIvana nirvAha kI anivArya apekSA hai | vaha parigraha kyoM ? usa para bhalA kyA mamatva hogA ? kintu sUkSma vicAra kI bAta kucha aura hI hogI / roTI khAne ke sthUla saMskAra jIvana nirvAha ke bhale hoM, para saMskAroM kI zRMkhalA itane meM pUrNa nahIM hotI / roTI rakhane aura khAne kI pRSThabhUmi meM avirati aura asaMyama ke aneka sUkSma saMskAra chipe hue hote haiM / ve vRttiyoM ko vastu grahaNa ke lie uttejita kie rahate haiM / isI avirati kI sthiti meM khAnapAna aura aviratimaya AdAna-pradAna mamatva ke sUkSma-saMskAroM ke poSaka hI rahate haiM, nivartaka nahIM / sarvavirati vidhipUrvaka bhojana kara sAta-ATha karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai / avirati kA bhojana karma-bandha kA hetu hai / 8. eka parigrahI kA parigraha dUsare parigrahI ke pAsa jAtA hai / jisake pAsa parigraha hai, usakA parigraha, jisake pAsa nahIM hai, usake pAsa jAtA hai yA jisake pAsa adhika parigraha hai, vaha kama vAle ke pAsa jAtA hai / isase sAmAjika AvazyakatA kI AMzika pUrti avazya ho jAtI hai, dAtA kI vRtti aparigraha kI

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 61 nahIM hotI / parigraha kA sthAnAntaraNa aparigraha nahIM hotA / parigraha rakhanA jaise dharma nahIM, vaise hI parigraha rakhAnA aura rakhane ko acchA jAnanA bhI dharma nahIM hai / jaina-dharma avirati aura virati ko tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se mAnatA hai / parigraha se apanA saMyama hai / parigraha karane kI vRtti kA tyAga hai, vaha dharma hai athavA parigrahI ko apanI vastu dekara ( dAna - kAla ke pazcAt ) parigraha kI kriyA se mukta hone kI jo vRtti hai, vaha dharma hai / 6. saMyamI ko jyoM-tyoM denA hI dharma hai - yaha mAnyatA bhramakArI hai / use zuddha AhAra aiSaNApUrvaka zuddhavRtti se diyA jAe, vahI dharma hai, zeSa nahIM / jaina AgamoM kI dRSTi se dharma-dAna kA svarUpa yaha hogA : vyakti - saMyamI vastu - zuddha vRtti - zuddha vyakti - saMyamI pariNAma vastu - azuddha-AdhA karma vRtti - azuddha -- nAgazrI jaisI -dharma - } pariNAma-adharma vastu azuddha hogI, vahAM vRtti zuddha nahIM ho sakatI / tAtparya ki azuddha vastu dene kI vRtti zuddha nahIM hotI / sAdhu vidyArthI hai / use poSaka khAdya nahIM mila rahA hai / sAdhu ke par3hane meM khalala na ho, yaha socakara koI vyakti poSaka bhojana banA use detA hai aura vaha usa vRtti ko pavitra mAnatA hai / vidyA ko hI prAdhAnya dene vAloM kI dRSTi se vaha apavitra nahIM bhI hai / kintu ahiMsA kI dRSTi se socane vAle use moha kaheMge / AdhAkarma AhAra sAdhu ke lie agrAhya hai, isalie vaisA AhAra dene kA saMkalpa pavitra hogA yA moha - yaha samajhanA kaThina nahIM hai / agara vRtti ke sAtha jur3I huI vastu kA koI mahattva nahIM hotA to muni prAsuka aura aiSaNIya AhAra le, aprAsu aneSaNIya na le - aisI vyavasthA bhagavAna mahAvIra kyoM karate ? saMyamI azuddha aura aneSaNIya AhAra letA hai to usakA lenA dharma nahIM hotA / gRhastha saMyamI ko azuddha aura aneSaNIya AhAra detA hai to usakA denA bhI dharma nahIM hotA / nAgazrI ne dharmaghoSa muni ko akalpya AhAra diyA aura hiMsApUrNa vRtti se diyA, isalie vaha dAna karma nahIM huA / revatI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI roga-dazA se dravita hokara kuSmANDa pAka banA DAlA / sthUla dRSTi se isameM usakI koI durbhAnA nahIM jAna pdd'tii| bhagavAn usakI sthUlavRtti ke pIche rahe hue moha ko jAnate the, isalie unhoMne vaha nahIM liyA / bhAvanA ke zuddha yA azuddha hone kA nirNaya

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ahiMsA tattva darzana sthUla vRtti ke AdhAra para nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usake lie sUkSma saMskAroM kI taha meM pahuMcanA hotA hai| 10. mokSa kI sAdhanA ke lie pahAr3a se girakara marane vAle kI bhAvanA kyA kharAba hai ? usakA vaisA hI vizvAsa hai| aura isa koTi ke bahuta sAre akAma maraNa haiN| bahuta sAre AdamI mokSa mila jAe-isa bhAvanA se ajJAna-kaSTa sahate haiN| Akhira sUkSma saMskAroM ko pakar3e binA sthUla vicAra ke AdhAra para zuddha yA azuddha bhAvanA kI koI paribhASA hI nahIM bntii| 11. jaina AgamoM ke anusAra kahA jA sakatA hai-aviratijanita saMskAra aura una saMskAroM dvArA utpanna hone vAlI bhAvanA yA vRtti Atma-mukti kI dRSTi se zuddha nahIM ho sktii| 12. sarvavirati supta (pramAda-dazApanna) hote haiM, tabhI unake zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparza-ye pAMca jAgRta hote haiM, yAnI karma-bandha ke kAraNa banate haiN| ve jAgRta hote haiM, taba unake ye pAMcoM soe hue rahate haiM, yAnI karmabandha ke kAraNa nahIM bnte| asaMyatI manuSya ke supta aura jAgRta-donoM dazAoM meM zabdAdi pAMcoM jAgRta rahate haiM-karma-bandha ke kAraNa bane rahate haiN| yaha avirati aura virati kI bheda-rekhA hai| ise samajha lene para terApaMtha kA samUcA dRSTikoNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / 13. AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai Asravo bhavahetuH syAt, saMvaro mokSakAraNam / itIyamArhatI dRSTiH, sarvamanyat prapaMcanam / / vaise hI AcArya bhikSu kI bhAvanA ko ina zabdoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai : aviratirbhavahetu: syAt, viratirmokSakAraNam / itIyamArhatI dRSTi, sarvamanyat prapaMcanam / / asaMyamI vyakti ke jIvana-nirvAha se asaMyama ke sUkSma saMskAra jar3e hae hote haiM, isalie vaha dharma nahIM mAnA jAnA caahie| dharma nahIM, vahAM puNya nahIM bNdhtaa| yoga kI pravRtti dharmamaya hotI hai, usI kAla meM yogajanita karma puNya rUpa baMdhatA hai, zeSa kAla meM nahIM / isalie asaMyamI-jIvana banAe rakhane kI vRtti (sthUla vRtti) bhale hI karuNA kI ho, dharma yA puNya kA nimitta nahIM bntii| 14. vastu aura vyakti ke sAtha jisa rUpa meM hamArI vRtti jur3atI hai, usI rUpa meM usake pIche hamAre sUkSma saMskAra sakriya rahate haiN| isalie pratyeka kriyA ke mUlyAMkana meM vastu aura vRtti ke sambandha ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| jo bAta vastu ke lie hai, vahI vyakti ke lie hogii| vastu jaise dharma-adharma nahIM hotI, vaise

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ahiMsA tattva darzana vyakti bhI dUsare ke lie dharma-adharma nahIM hotaa| vastu ke sAtha jaise dharma-adharma ke rUpa meM vRtti jur3atI hai, vaise hI vyakti ke sAtha bhI vaha dharma-adharma ke rUpa meM jur3atI hai| vRtti sAmane rahe vyakti ke anusAra nahIM banatI, vaha nijI saMskAroM ke anusAra banatI hai / jisa vyakti ke prati manuSya ke jaise saMskAra hote haiM, usake prati vaise hI saMskAra, vaisI hI vRtti bana jAtI hai| apanA sAthI aura bhikhamaMgA-donoM eka hI bImArI ke zikAra haiN| sAthI ko dekhakara samavedanA kI vRtti banegI aura bhikhamaMge ko dekhakara karuNA kii| sAthI ke prati samAnatA ke saMskAra baMdhe hue hote haiM aura bhikhamaMge ke prati dInatA ke / vRtti ke sAtha-sAtha vyakti kA mahattva nahIM hotA to apane sAthI aura parivAra ke prati hone vAlI samavedanA dharma yA puNya nahIM mAnI jAtI aura hIna-dIna ke prati hone vAlI karuNA dharma yA puNya mAnI jAtI hai, yaha bheda kyoM? vRtti yA vyakti se koI lagAva na ho to eka mAM apane beTe ko roTI khilAe, vaha dharma-puNya nahIM aura bhikhamaMge ko roTI de, vaha dharma-puNya-isa bheda kA kyA kAraNa hai ? agara kahA jAe, beTe ke prati mamatA kI vRtti hai aura bhikhamaMge ke prati karuNA kii| mamatA pApa hai, karuNA dharma, to kahanA hogA-beTA bhI bhUkhA hai aura bhikhamaMgA bhii| sthiti samAna hai, donoM bhUkhe haiN| phira kyA kAraNa hai ki eka ke prati karuNA nahIM aura dUsare ke prati hai ? samAdhAna yahI AtA hai ki beTe kA roTI meM adhikAra hai, bhikhamaMge kA usameM adhikAra nahIM, to isakA artha yaha huA ki adhikAra-vaMcita vyakti dIna hotA hai, dIna ke prati karuNA kI vRtti banatI hai aura dharma-puNya kamAne kI sAdhanA hai| yaha sArI kalpanA dhArmika to kyA, sAmAjika bhI nahIM lgtii| sAmAjika bhAI ke prati hone vAlI hInatA ke saMskAra aura unase utpanna hone vAlI karuNA kyA asAmAjika tattva nahIM hai? samAja kI durvyavasthA meM ye saMskAra bane aura Age calakara dharma-karma ke sAtha jur3a ge| Aja hIna-dIna ke prati karuNA lAkara dharma-puNya kamAne kI bhAvanA cala rahI hai| tattva itanA hI hai ki vyakti ke sAtha jur3ane para hamArI vRtti kA svarUpa vaisA hI banatA hai, jaisAki vaha vyakti hai| vRtti ta jur3e hue vyakti ko chor3akara korI vRtti kA mUlya nahIM AMkA jA sktaa| agara aisA hotA to cetana-acetana pazu-pakSI sabhI ko pavitra vRtti se namaskAra karane meM dharma hotaa| vinayavAda kA aisA abhiprAya ho bhI sakatA hai kintu vyakti ke guNAvaguNa para namaskAra kI arhatA mAnane vAloM dvArA aisA nahIM mAnA jaataa| isalie vastu, vyakti aura vRtti ke samanvita rUpa ko chor3akara kisI eka ko hI zuddha-azuddha ke nirNaya kA mAnadaNDa nahIM bananA caahie|

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64 saMyama aura asaMyama kI bhedarekhA kriyA kI pratikriyA hotI hai / vyavahAra meM hama pravRtti aura usake pariNAma ko atyanta bhinna mAnate haiM para nizcaya dRSTi meM bAta aisI nahIM hai / donoM sAthasAtha calate haiM / karma yA pravRtti se AtmA ke baMdha hotA hai / azubha pravRtti se azubha aura zubha pravRtti se zubha karma baMdhatA hI hai kintu sthUla rUpa meM azubha pravRtti na karane para bhI ' azubha pravRtti kA tyAga nahIM, usa dazA meM bhI azubha karma baMdhatA hai / hiMsA karane vAlA pravRtti rUpa hiMsaka kahalAtA hai| hiMsA kI pravRtti na karane vAlA kintu hiMsA kA atyAgI avirati rUpa hiMsaka kahalAtA hai / ' AcArAMga kI vRtti meM sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA kI carcA karate hue batAyA hai-- sUkSma jIvoM kA vadha nahIM kiyA jAtA, ve mAre nahIM marate, phira bhI taba taka unake prati hiMsaka bhAva banA rahatA hai, jaba taka unake vadha kI nivRtti nahIM hotI - hiMsA kA saMkalpa nahIM TUTatA / ahiMsA tattva darzana pravRtti rUpa meM hiMsA nirantara nahIM hotI / jaba koI hiMsA karatA hai, tabhI hotI hai | avirati rUpa meM hiMsA nirantara hotI hai-- taba taka hotI hai, jaba taka hiMsA kA tyAga nahIM hotA, hiMsA kA saMkalpa, bhAva yA vRtti AtmA se ghula nahIM jAtI / yaha tattva AcArya bhikSu kI vANI meM aise hai hiMsA rI ivarata nirantara huvai, hiMsA rA joga nirantara nAMhi / hiMsA rA joga to hiMsA karai jadi, vicAra dekho mana mAMhi || sAdhu aura gRhastha meM bar3A antara yaha hotA hai ki sAdhu ke sarvathA hiMsA kI virati hotI hai aura gRhastha ke sarvathA virati nahIM hotI / sAdhu se pramAdavaza kahIM hiMsA ho jAe to vaha yoga rUpa - pravRtti rUpa hiMsA hogI, avirati rUpa nahIM / gRhastha kI hiMsA pravRtti rUpa hone ke sAtha-sAtha avirati rUpa bhI hotI hai / mI sAvadya yA azubha yoga kI pravRtti na kare to usake koI hiMsA nahIM hotI / vaha sarvathA ahiMsaka rahatA hai| gRhastha zubha yoga kI pravRtti karate hue bhI pUrA ahiMsaka nahIM banatA aura isalie nahIM banatA ki usake azubha pravRtti kI anumodanA rUpa avirati nirantara sattA meM rahatI hai| isakA phalita yaha hotA hai ki jo sarvathA avirati kA tyAgI hai, vaha saMyamI hai; jisane avirati kA kucha tyAga kiyA hai aura kucha avirati zeSa hai, vaha saMyamAsaMyamI hai| jisake avirati bilakula nahIM miTI, vaha asaMyamI hai / saMyamI khAtA hai vaha saMyama hai, letA hai vaha saMyama hai, detA hai vaha saMyama hai / 1. bhagavatI 101; sUtrakRtAMga 22 26

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 65 asaMyamI kA khAnA, lenA aura denA-tInoM asaMyama haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki virati se pahale zarIra-poSaNa kI pravRttiyAM ahiMsaka nahIM hotii| asaMyama kA poSaNa hiMsA kA poSaNa hai| yaha mokSa-mArga nahIM ho sktaa| mokSamArga saMyama hai| saMyamI chaha kAya yA jIvanikAya mAtra ke prati saMyama rakhatA hai| isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai-ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA, savvabhUesu saMjamosarva bhUtoM ke prati jo saMyama hai, vaha ahiMsA hai| saMyamI chaha kAya ke prati saMyata rahatA hai| yA jo chaha kAya ke prati saMyata rahe, vahI ahiMsaka hai| asaMyama poSaNa kA artha hai-chaha kAya kI hiMsA ko protsAhana denaa| yaha vRtti chaha kAya ke prati maitrI, ahiMsA yA dayA kaise ho sakatI hai ? ahiMsA aura hiMsA ke nirNAyaka koNa prANI mAtra kA jIvana sakriya hotA hai| kiyA acchI ho cAhe burI, usakA pravAha rukatA nhiiN| usakI acchAI yA burAI kA mAnadaNDa bhI eka nahIM haiN| janasAdhAraNa kI aura dhArmiko kI paribhASA meM maulika bheda rahatA hai, kAraNa ki janasAdhAraNa kA dRSTikoNa laukika hotA hai aura dhArmiko kA dRSTikoNa AdhyAtmika / loka-dRSTi se kisI bhI kriyA ko nitAnta acchI yA burI kahanA ekamAtra duHsAhasa hai / jana-sAdhAraNa kI ruci evaM aruci para niyaMtraNa karanA zakti se pare hai| 'vibhinnarucayo lokA:'----yaha siddhAnta tathyahIna nahIM hai| loka mata meM paristhitiyoM ke utAra-car3hAva kA Avega hotA hai| usake anusAra ruci-aruci meM bhI parivartana A jAtA hai| sAmAnya sthiti meM pratyeka manuSya kI rakSA karanA dharma mAnA jAtA hai / yuddhakAla meM zatruoM kI hatyA karanA parama dharma mAnA jAtA hai| loka-ruci meM Apatti-kAla, svArtha, mamatva, ajJAna, Aveza, moha-aise aura bhI anaginata kAraNa ahiMsA ke svarUpa-vikRti ke hetu banate haiM / Apatti-kAla meM hiMsA ahiMsA bana jAtI hai| moha hotA hai aura use dayA kA rUpa diyA jAtA hai| ajJAnavaza bahuta sAre loga hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA svarUpa bhI nahIM samajha paate| ___ AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa ke sAmane ruci evaM aruci kA prazna nahIM uThatA, usameM vastu-sthiti kA anveSaNa karanA hotA hai| jaba acchAI aura burAI kA mAnadaNDa ruci-aruci nahIM rahatA taba hameM usake lie eka dUsarA mAnadaNDa taiyAra karanA par3atA hai| phira usake dvArA hareka kAma kI acchAI aura burAI ko mApate haiN| vaha mApadaNDa hai saMyama aura asaMyama / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to tyAga aura bhoga / isake anusAra hama saMyamamaya kriyA ko acchI kaheMge aura asaMyamamaya kriyA ko burii| dArzanika paMDitoM ke zabdoM meM acchI kriyA ko asat-pravRtti-nirodha aura satpravRtti tathA burI kriyA ko asat-pravRtti kahanA hogaa| asat-pravRtti kA nAma hiMsA hai|

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66 ahisA tattva darzana asata-pravRtti ke dvArA prANa-vadha kiyA jAtA hai yA ho jAtA hai, vaha bhI hiMsA hai| Upara kI kucha paMktiyoM meM hiMsA kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai / ahiMsA hiMsA kA pratipakSa hai / jo asat-pravRtti kA nirodha hai, sat-pravRtti hai, vaha ahiMsA hai| vastuoM kA svarUpa dekhane ke lie jaina acAryoM ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra, ina do dRSTiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| vyavahAra-dRSTi vastu kA bAharI svarUpa dekhatI hai aura nizcaya-dRSTi usakA Antarika svarUpa / vyavahAra dRSTi meM laukika vyavahAra kI pramukhatA hotI hai aura nizcaya-dRSTi meM vastu-sthiti kii| vyavahAra-dRSTi ke anusAra prANa-vadha hiMsA aura prANa-vadha nahIM hotA vaha ahiMsA hai| nizcayadRSTi ke anusAra asat-pravRtti yAnI rAga-dveSa-pramAdAtmaka pravRtti hiMsA hai aura sat-pravRtti ahiMsA hai| ina (dRSTiyoM) ke AdhAra para hiMsA-ahiMsA kI caturbhagI banatI hai| jaise 1. dravya-hiMsA aura bhaav-hiNsaa| 2. dravya-hiMsA aura bhAva-ahiMsA / 3. dravya-ahiMsA aura bhaav-hiNsaa| 4. dravya-ahiMsA aura bhaav-ahiNsaa| rAga-dveSa-vaza hone vAlA prANa-vadha dravya-hiMsA aura bhAva-hiMsA hai| jaiseeka zikArI hiraNa ko mAratA hai, yaha dravya yAnI vyavahAra meM bhI hiMsA hai, kyoMki vaha hiraNa ke prANa lUTatA hai aura bhAva yAnI vAstava meM hiMsA hai, kyoMki zikAra karane meM usakI pravRtti asat hotI hai| rAga-dveSa ke binA hone vAlA prANa-vadha dravya-hiMsA aura bhAva-ahiMsA hai| jaise--eka saMyamI puruSa sAvadhAnIpUrvaka calatAphiratA hai tathA Avazyaka daihika kriyAeM karatA hai, usake dvArA azakya parihAra koTi kA prANa-vadha ho jAtA hai, vaha vyavahAra meM hiMsA hai kyoMki vaha prANI kI mRtyu kA nimitta banatA hai aura vAstava meM ahiMsA hai, hiMsA nahIM hai, kyoMki vahAM usakI pravRtti rAga-dveSAtmaka nahIM hotii| rAga-dveSayukta vicAra se aprANI para ghAta yA prahAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dravya-ahiMsA aura bhAva-hiMsA hai / jaise-koI vyakti dhuMdhale prakAza meM rassI ko sAMpa samajhakara usa para prahAra karatA hai, vaha vyavahAra meM ahiMsA hai, kyoMki usa kriyA meM prANa-vadha nahIM hotA aura nizcaya meM hiMsA hai, kAraNa ki vahAM mArane kI pravRtti dveSAtmaka hai| jahAM na rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRtti hotI hai aura na prANa-vadha hotA hai, vaha sarva saMvara rUpa avasthA dravya-ahiMsA aura bhAva-ahiMsA hai| yaha avasthA daihika aura mAnasa kriyA se nivRtta tathA samAdhi prApta yogiyoM kI hotI hai| bhAva-ahiMsA kI pUrNatA saMyama jIvana meM prApta 1. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA 7415

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 67 ho jAtI hai kintu dravya-ahiMsA kI avasthA daihika caMcalatA chUTe binA, dUsare zabdoM meM samAdhi avasthA pAe binA nahIM AtI / prANAtipAta (prANa - vadha ) AtmA amara hai / usakI mRtyu nahIM hotI / yaha sarva sAdhAraNa meM prasiddha hai para tatva dRSTi se yaha cintanIya hai / AtmA ekAnta - nitya nahIM pariNAminitya hai arthAt utpAda - vyaya sahita nitya hai / kevala AtmA hI kyA vizva ke samasta padArthoM kA yahI svarUpa hai / koI bhI padArtha apane rUpa kA tyAga na karane ke kAraNa nitya hai aura nAnA prakAra kI avasthAoM ko prApta hote rahane ke kAraNa anitya hai / dravya rUpa meM saba padArtha nitya haiM aura paryAya rUpa meM anitya / nitya kA phalitArtha hai- apane rUpa ko na tyAganA / anitya kA phalitArtha hai - kramazaH ekaeka avasthA ko chor3ate rahanA aura dUsarI- dUsarI avasthA ko pAte rahanA / AtmA apane svarUpa ko nahIM chor3atIM; ataH nitya hai, amara hai aura eka zarIra ko chor3a dUsare zarIra meM jAtI hai - isalie anitya hai-- usakI mRtyu hotI haiN| AtmA kI prANa-zaktiyoM kA zarIra ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, usakA nAma janma hai aura unakA zarIra se viyoga hone kA nAma mRtyu hai / janma aura mRtyu - ye donoM AtmA kI avasthAeM haiM / mRtyu se AtmA kA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA / kevala usakI avasthA kA parivartana hotA hai 'jIva jIve anAdi kAla ro, mare tirI ho paryAya palaTI jANa / ' isalie prANoM kA viyoga hone se AtmA kI mRtyu kahate meM hameM koI bhI saMkoca nahIM honA caahie| prANa-zaktiyAM dasa haiM : 1- 5. pA~ca indriya-prANa 6. mana-prANa 7. vacana prANa 8. kAya prANa 6. zvAsocchvAsa - prANa 10. AyuSya prANa 'niSkAma karma aura ahiMsA ahiMsA ke sambandha meM niSkAma karma eka vyAmohaka vastu bana rahA hai / kucha vyaktiyoM kA vicAra hai ki phala prApti kI AzA rakhe binA hama jo koI kAma

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ahiMsA tattva darzana karate haiM, vaha ahiMsA hI hai / para saca to yaha hai ki cAhe kArya niSkAma-phala-prApti kI icchA-rahita ho, cAhe sakAma-phala-prApti kI icchA-sahita, jisameM pratyakSa yA parokSa meM hiMsA chipI huI rahatI hai, vaha kAma hiMsAtmaka hI hai| yaha kyA yakti kI bAta hai ki manuSya apanI suvidhA ke lie jo koI bhI hiMsAyukta kArya karatA hai, vaha to hiMsAtmaka mAna liyA jAtA hai aura vahI kAma vahI manuSya yadi dUsaroM kI suvidhA ke lie karatA hai, vaha ahiMsAtmaka ho jAtA hai| hiMsAtmaka kAma hiMsAtmaka hI rahegA, cAhe vaha apane lie kiyA jAya yA dUsaroM ke lie| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vyaktigata kAryoM meM svArtha rahatA hai aura samaSTi meM svArtha nahIM rhtaa| khaira, do kSaNa ke lie svArtha na bhI mAne arthAt laukika dRSTi se paramArtha mAna leM to bhI isakA hala nahIM nikltaa| kyoMki hiMsA kA sambandha kevala svArtha se hI to nahIM, rAga, dveSa, moha, vyAmoha Adi aneka bhAvanAoM se usakA sambandha rahatA hai / jaise vyaktigata svArtha ko tyAgakara apane rASTra kI sthiti ko anukUla banAne ke lie koI yaha ucita samajhe ki jitane bacce janmate haiM, unameM se Adhe maravA die jaaeN| rASTra ke sudhAra kI aisI bhAvanA se vaha aisA karane meM saphala bhI ho jAtA hai| rASTrIya dRSTikoNa se ukta kArya na to rAga se kiyA jAtA hai aura na dveSa se evaM na vyaktigata svArtha se / vaha kevala rASTra ko sudRr3ha evaM suvyavasthita karane ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai, isalie yaha saba niSkAma sevA kI paridhi meM A jAtA hai| isa prakAra aura bhI aneka kArya haiM jo samaSTi kI suvidhAoM ke lie kie jAte haiM aura unheM niSkAmatA kI sImA meM ghuser3akara ahiMsAtmaka batAyA jAtA hai parantu jina kAryoM meM pratyakSa rUpa se hiMsA ke kAraNa vidyamAna haiM, ve kAma na to niSkAmatA kI koTi meM samAviSTa kie jA sakate haiM aura na ahiMsA kI koTi meN| ___ jaina siddhAntoM meM bhI niSkAmatA kA vidhAna hai para vaha dhArmika kriyA ke sambandha meM / dhArmika kriyA kA jitanA upadeza hai, usake sAtha-sAtha yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'dharma kevala Atma-zuddhi ke lie kro| aihika yA pAralaukika sukhoM ke lie nhiiN|' dhArmika kriyA ke sAtha paudgalika sukhoM kI icchA karanA 'nidAna' nAma kA doSa hai / isa sambandha meM yaha eka khAsa dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki pratyakSa yA parokSa meM rAga, dveSa, svArtha Adi bhAvanAoM se mizrita jitane bhI kAma haiM, unako adhika Asakti yA kama Asakti se kie jAne se usase hone vAle bandhana meM antara avazya A jAtA hai, para ve bandhana se mukta karane vAle nahIM ho skte| jaise-eka hiMsAtmaka kAma ko do vyakti karate haiN| eka use adhika Asakti se karatA hai aura dUsarA use kama Asavita se| adhika Asakti se karane vAle ke karma kA bandhana dar3ha hotA hai aura kama Asakti se karane vAle ke zithila / para yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki kama Asakti se hama jo kucha bhI karate haiM, usameM karma kA bandha hotA hI nhiiN|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 66 I sUkSmadRSTi se dekhane para yaha nirNaya hotA hai ki jo kAma hama karate haiM, vaha yadi pUrvokta bhAvanAoM se mizrita hai to usameM Asakti rahegI hI - cAhe adhika mAtrA meM, cAhe kama mAtrA meM, cAhe vyakta rUpa meM, cAhe avyakta rUpa meM / adhika Asakti vAlA ahaMbhAvanA se lipta rahatA hai aura vaha usase mur3anA bhI nahIM cAhatA / kintu kama Asakti vAlA yaha samajhatA hai ki maiM jo kucha bhautika sukhavardhaka kAma karatA hUM, vaha mujhe karanA par3atA hai kyoMki maiM abhI taka bandhana se chuTakArA nahIM pA sakA hUM / isakA tattva yahI hai ki jo kArya asaMyama ko puSTa karane vAlA arthAt bhogI - jIvana kA sahAyaka hai, vaha cAhe kaisI bhI bhAvanA se kyoM na kiyA jAe, usameM hiMsA to rahegI hI / bhogI - jIvana kA artha sirpha abrahmacArI jIvana hI nahIM hai / jo manuSya apane zarIra ko sukha dene ke lie yA use TikAe rakhane ke lie kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA karatA hai, usakA jIvana bhogI - jIvana kahalAtA hai | yaha nizcita rUpa se jAna lenA cAhie ki niSkAmatA kA sambandha ahiMsAtmaka kAryoM se hI hai / hiMsAtmaka kAryoM meM niSkAmatA kA prayoga nahIM ho sakatA / niSkAmatA ahiMsA kI upAsanA karane kA sAdhana hai | ahiMsA kA anuzIlana kisI prakAra ke bhautika sukhoM ke phala kI AzA rakhe binA hI karanA cAhie / yahI niSkAmatA kA saccA prayoga hai /

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sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa __vartamAna dRSTikoNa mukhyatayA pratyakSaparaka hai| Aja ke adhikAMza Astika aura nAstika, AtmavAdI yA anAtmavAdI ke dRSTikoNa meM koI bheda nahIM lgtaa| donoM dRSTiyAM sirpha vartamAna ko sukhI banAne taka sImita haiM, isalie saba vyAvahArika darzana cAhate haiN| AdhyAtmika darzana unheM avyAvahArika jaisA lagatA hai| ve pratyeka vastu ko samAja kI upayogitA kI dRSTi se AMkate haiN| unakI dRSTi kA ekamAtra kendra samAja kI vartamAna sukha-suvidhA hai| vaha jisase bar3he, vaha darzana acchA aura jisase vaha na bar3he, vaha darzana kisa kAma kA hai ? yaha dRSTikoNa rahate unheM adhyAtma-darzana kI paribhASAeM aTapaTI lage to Azcarya nahIM honA caahie| AtmavAdI dRSTikoNa (1) trANa : lokavANI yA vyavahAra kI bhASA meM jahAM mAtA-pitA aura sagesambandhI trANa mAne jAte haiM, vahAM adhyAtma-vANI unheM trANa nahIM mAnane kI sIkha detI hai| dekhie nAlaM te tava tANAe vA saraNAe vA, tumaMpi tesiM nAlaM, tANAe vA saraNAe vA / ' -pArivArika tujhe trANa nahIM de sakate / tU bhI unheM trANa nahIM de sktaa| vittaM pasavo ya nAio, te bAle saraNaM ti mnnaai| ete mama tesu vi ahaM, no tANaM saraNaM na vijjai // 2 --ajJAnI vyakti dhana, pazu aura jJAti ko zaraNa mAnatA hai kintu ve trANa 1. AcArAMga sh2|77 2. sUtrakRtAMga 12 / 3 / 16

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ahiMsA tattva darzana nahIM hote| egassa gatI ya AgatI, vidu maMtA saraNaM Na mannai / ' -prANI akelA AtA hai aura jAtA hai, isalie vidvAn kisI ko zaraNa nahIM maantaa| (2) duHkha-mukti : lokavANI meM duHkha-mukti kA upAya hai-parigraha / adhyAtmavANI meM usakA upAya Atma-nigraha hI hai : ___attANameva abhiNigijjha, evaM dukkhA pamokkhasi / -AtmA kA nigraha kara, isa prakAra duHkha se mukti milegii| (3) vyakti-pradhAna sthiti : lokavANI meM samAja-pradhAna sthiti hai, vahAM adhyAtmavANI vyakti ko hI pradhAna batalAtI hai : jANittu dukkhaM patteyaM sAyaM / ' -sukha-duHkha apanA-apanA hotA hai| annassa dukkhaM anno na pariyAya iti, anneNa kaDaM anno na paDisaMvedeti // patteyaM jAyati, patteyaM marai, patteyaM uvavajjai, patteyaM jhaMjhA, patteyaM sannA, patteyaM pannA, evaM vinnU vedaNA / ' -dUsare kA duHkha dUsarA nahIM smjhtaa| dUsare ke kie hue karma kA dUsare ko saMvedana nahIM hotaa| vyakti akelA janmatA hai, akelA maratA hai, cyavana aura utpatti bhI akele kI hotI hai / kalaha, saMjJA, prajJA, vijJAna aura vedanA-ye sabhI pratyeka vyakti ke alaga-alaga hote haiM / (4) mAtR-pitR-sneha : lokavANI mAtA-pitA ke prati sneha utpanna karatI hai| adhyAtmavANI usa sneha ko bandhana batAtI hai yA use vAstavika sambandha nahIM batAtI : mAyAhiM piyAhiM luppai / kA te kAntA kaste putrH| 1. sUtrakRtAMga 112 / 3 / 17 2. AcArAMga 113 / 64 3. vahI sh2|22 4. sUtrakRtAMga 211 5. vahI, 2111113 6. mohamudgara 8

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72 ahiMsA tattva darzana -mAtA-pitA ke sneha meM baMdhA vyakti mUr3ha bana jAtA hai| kauna terI strI hai aura kauna terA putra? adhyAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa __ adhyAtmavAdI isa 'ati' ko zreyaskara nahIM maantaa| yaha sahI hai ki samAja kI AvazyakatAoM ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA kintu unhIM ko saba kucha mAnakara cale, vaha kaisA AtmavAdI ! samAja kI apanI maryAdA hai. dharma aura adhyAtma kI apnii| donoM ko eka hI mAnakara cale, vaha bhUla hai| samAja meM vivAha kI maryAdA hai kintu adhyAtmavAda brahmacarya se haTakara vivAha karane ko kaba acchA mAnegA? usakI brahmacarya hI pratiSThA hai| samAja-vyavasthA meM yathAvakAza hiMsA bhI kSamya hai, asatya bhI prayujya hai, corI bhI vyavahArya hai, dhana-saMgraha bhI svIkArya hai / adhyAtmavAda kabhI, kahIM aura kisI bhI sthiti meM hiMsA ko kSamya nahIM maantaa| asatya, corI aura dhana-saMgraha ke lie bhI aisA hI smjhie| samAja ke pAsa nyAya yA daNDa kI vyavasthA hai aura adhyAtmabhAva ke pAsa hai, ahiMsA aura upadeza yA hRdy-privrtn| nyAyAdhIza aparAdhI ko mauta kI sajA detA hai, yaha samAja kA nyAya hai| adhyAtmavAda kahatA hai-yaha hiMsA hai| daNDa-vidhAna ke anusAra vaha ucita hai taba hiMsA kyoM ? aisA prazna AtA hai kintu kisI eka ko daNDa dene kA kisI dUsare ko adhikAra hai-yaha tattva adhyAtmavAda svIkAra hI nahIM karatA / pApa karane vAlA hI yadi hRdaya se cAhe to pApa kA prAyazcita kara sakatA hai, dUsarA pApa kA daNDa dene vAlA kauna ? samAja pApa ko nahIM dho sakatA, prAyazcita nahIM karA sktaa| vaha pApI ko kaSTa de sakatA hai, bure ko burAI kA svAda cakhA sakatA hai, isameM koI vivAda nhiiN| nyAya aura daNDa-vidhAna samAja ke dhAraka yA poSaka tattva haiN| adhyAtmavAda inheM kyoM mAne, vaha apanA prANa lUTane vAle ko bhI mitra mAnane kI bAta jo kahatA hai| nyAya aura daNDa-vidhAna samAja kI deza, kAla, sthiti ke anukUla icchApoSita vicAradhArA hai| ahiMsA sArvabhauma hai| isalie donoM eka hoM bhI kaise? vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM samAja hiMsA ko kSamya mAnatA hai| dharma kI bhASA meM vaha anivArya hiMsA hai| kintu vikaTa paristhiti meM huI hiMsA ahiMsA hotI hai, yaha kabhI nahIM ho sakatA / isa viSaya para mahAtmA gAMdhI ke vicAra mananIya haiM / ve eka prazna ke uttara meM likhate haiM : 'ucita yaha hai ki satya ke balidAna para kisI kA hita sAdhane kA merA kartavya nahIM, satya kA pAlana hI sarva kA atyanta hita hai, aisA nizcaya kara usakA Agraha rakha pAlana kareM / vaisA karane vAle manuSya ko aisI vikaTa

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 73 paristhiti utpanna ho taba kyA karanA, yaha use apane Apa sUjha par3egA / vAstavika vikaTa prasaMga meM koI manuSya isa taraha asatya kA vyavahAra karatA hai / samAja to use udAratA se kSamA de detA hai / dharma kA sUkSma jAnakAra bhI usakI vikaTa paristhiti kA vicAra kara isake prati kSamA-buddhi se dekhegA, parantu usane dharma kA AcaraNa kiyA athavA aise prasaMga para jhUTha bolanA dharma hai - aisA nahIM kahegA / dharma to aisA hI kahatA hai ki prANa dekara bhI satya rakhanA cAhie, satya kI apekSA dUsare kisI ko prathama sthAna nahIM diyA jA sakatA / vyakti yA samAja ko apanI AvazyakatAeM pUrI karanI par3atI haiM - yaha mAnanA svAbhAvika hai, kintu AvazyakatA pUrti ko mokSa-dharma yA ahiMsA mAnakara baratA jAe - yaha doharA pApa hai / yuga pravartaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne samAja aura rAjya kI vyavasthA kI / logoM ko unakA tattva samajhAyA / unake nirvAha aura preyas ke lie asi, maSi aura kRSi kI zikSA dI / kyA unhoMne ise mokSa - sAdhanA mAnakara kiyA ? nhiiN| phira prazna hogA - karma - bandhana jAnate hue unhoMne aisA kyoM kiyA ? prajA ke hita ke lie kiyA / prajA ke netA the, isalie apanA karttavya yA dAyitva samajhate hue kiyA | AcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai'-- etacca sarvaM sAvadyamapi lokAnukampayA | svAmI pravartayAmAsa, jAnan kartavyamAtmanaH // yaha vyavasthA - pravartana sAvadya - sapApa hai, phira bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apanA kartavya jAnakara isakA pravartana kiyA / yaha koI naI bAta nahIM hai / nimna paMktiyoM meM yahI prazna mahAtmA gAMdhI ke sAmane AyA / unhoMne vahI samAdhAna kiyA, jo ki eka ahiMsA ke marma ko samajhane vAlA kara sakatA hai / prazna : yadi ahiMsA hI dharma hai aura hiMsA dharma nahIM to khAnA-pInA kisalie ? mara hI kyoM nahIM jAnA cAhie ? uttara : yadi kisI ke citta meM ahiMsA itanI ekarasa ho jAe to deha rakhane ke prati udAsInatA Ae aura vaha use chor3a denA cAhie, yaha azakya nahIM / para aisA sAmAnya taura para mana se hotA nahIM / kAraNa ki jahAM taka jIvana meM kucha karane kI, prApta karane kI aura jAnane kI AjJA aura icchA rahatI hai, taba taka deha ko 1. ahiMsA - vivecana, gujarAtI se anUdita 2. trizaSTi zalAkA puruSacarita 1 / 2 / 671

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74 ahiMsA tattva darzana TikAe rakhane kI icchA bhI kAma karatI hai| arthAt dhArmika puruSa bhI hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke bIca maryAdA bAMdhakara hI santoSa mAnatA hai, pUrNarUpa se ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| ___ adhyAtma-darzana jina kAryoM ko hiMsAmaya batAtA hai, unhIM ko samAja apanI paridhi meM nirdoSa mAnakara unheM karatA hai| isa sAmAjika AropavAda ko mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bar3e sundara DhaMga se samajhAyA hai ki 'nirAmiSa AhArI vanaspati khAne meM hiMsA hai' yaha jAnatA haA bhI nirdoSatA kA AropaNa kara mana ko phusalAtA hai| anivArya hiMsA kA kaTu satya rUpa rakhate hue ve likhate haiM--"yaha bAta saca hai ki khetI meM sUkSma jIvoM kI apAra hiMsA hai / kArya mAtra, pravRtti mAtra, udyoga mAtra sadoSa hai|" - khetI ityAdi Avazyaka karma zarIra-vyApAra kI taraha anivArya hiMsA hai| usakA hiMsApana calA nahIM jAtA hai| asaMyamI dAna, moha-dayA, sAMsArika upakAra Adi-Adi sabhI laukika vidhiyoM ko isI dRSTi se tolanA hogaa| samAja ke lie jo anivArya hai, ve hoMge jarUra kintu ve anivArya hone mAtra se ahiMsA dharma nahIM bana skte| AcArya bhikSu ne samAja kI anivArya sthitiyoM ko samajhate hue sirpha yahI batAyA ki 'sAmAjika AvazyakatA yA anivAryatA ko saMsAra kA mArga samajho aura dayA--ahiMsA ko mokSa kA mArga / ' hameM samAja aura adhyAtma ke tattvoM aura dRSTi-binduoM ko bhinna-bhinna mAnate hue calanA cAhie / mArga sApha rhegaa| donoM ko eka mAnakara caleM to ulajhana AegI aura anAtmavAda bddh'egaa| isalie bar3hegA ki adhyAtmavAda saMsAra kA virodhI hai aura samAjavAda saMsAra kA poSaka / samAjavAda yaha pasanda nahIM karegA ki adhyAtmavAda usakI vyavasthA meM bAdhA DAle / isalie vaha use tor3akara akelA rahanA cAhegA / ucita yaha hai ki donoM apanI-apanI maryAdA meM raheM, samAja ke lie donoM kA upayoga hai| saMsAra meM rahane aura sukha se jIne ke lie samAja kA upayoga hai, zAnti aura samatA kI pratiSThA ke lie adhyAtmavAda caahie| jisa prakAra paM0 neharU kahate the-sAmyavAda aura janataMtra donoM eka sAtha raha sakate haiM, vaise hI hameM kahanA cAhie-adhyAtmavAda aura samAjavAda donoM eka sAtha raha sakate haiN| rUpa donoM ke do hoMge, bhASA donoM kI do hoMgI aura bhAva do hoMge, phira bhI 1. ahiMsA-vivecana, gujarAtI se anUdita / 2. vyApaka dharma-bhAvanA, pR0 308 3. ahiMsA-prabhAvanA, pR0 35,36

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 75 virodha nahIM hogaa| samAjavAda adhyAtmavAda kI bahuta sArI maryAdAoM ko avyavahArya mAnatA hai| adhyAtmavAda samAjavAda kI maryAdAoM ko hiMsAviddha dekhatA hai / yaha unakA apanA-apanA dRSTikoNa hai| adhyAtmavAda samAjavAda ko miTAne kI soca nahIM sakatA kyoMki usake pAsa daNDa-vidhAna nahIM hai| bala-prayoga ko vaha hiMsA aura hiMsA ko sarvathA varjanIya mAnakara calatA hai| samAjavAda ke pAsa vidhi aura daNDa-vidhAna hai, isalie vaha kabhI-kabhI Age bar3hatA hai-adhyAtmavAda ko anupayogI samajhakara use miTAne ke mArga para calane kA dama bharatA hai| yaha anucita hai aura hiMsA zakti kA duSpariNAma hai / honA yaha cAhie ki donoM ke anuyAyI donoM ke dRSTikoNa, bhASA aura nirUpaNa ko unakI apanI-apanI maryAdA samajhakara bhrama meM na phaMseM / yadi hama isa dRSTi ko lie caleMge to samAja hamAre dharma ko Avazyaka yA anupayogI kahatA hai, vaha hameM jhuMjhalAegA nahIM aura hama samAja kI pravRttiyoM ko hiMsA, adharma yA pApa kahate haiM, isase samAja ke poSakoM ko bhI roSa nahIM hogaa| ___ AcArya bhikSu ne adhyAtma kI bhUmikA se adhyAtma kI bhASA meM kahA hai'moha-dayA pApa hai, asaMyamI-dAna pApa hai / ' tattvata: yaha sahI hai| adhyAtmavAda moha kI pariNati ko dayA kaba mAnatA hai ? asaMyamI ko bhikSA ke yogya kaba mAnatA hai ? jana sAdhAraNa ne tattva nahIM pakar3A, zabda kI AlocanAeM bar3ha cliiN| mUlyAMkana ke sApekSa dRSTikoNa __ eka vastu ke aneka rUpa hote haiN| aneka ko aneka se dekheM, dRSTi sahI hogii| eka se aneka ko dekheM, sahI tattva hAtha aaegaa| mAnadaNDa bhI sabake lie eka nahIM hotaa| koI bhI vastu eka dRSTi se acchI yA burI, Avazyaka yA anAvazyaka, upayogI yA anupayogI nahIM hotii| ye saba sApekSa hote haiN| mokSa ke lie vyApAra kA koI upayoga nahIM kintu samAja ke lie vaha anupayogI hai, yaha hama kaise kheN| mokSa-dharma ke lie dhana anAvazyaka hai kintu samAja ke lie Avazyaka nahIM, yaha kauna mAna sakatA hai ? pravRtti ke do rUpa hote haiM-ahiMsaka pravRtti aura hiMsaka pravRtti / adhyAtma-darzana kI bhASA meM ahiMsA-pravRtti ko zubha yoga aura hiMsApravatti ko azubha yoga kahA jAtA hai| zubha yoga ke samaya AtmA puNya-karma se aura azubha yoga ke samaya AtmA pApa-karma se baMdhatI hai| isalie upacAra se zubha yoga ko puNya aura azubha yoga ko pApa kahA jAtA hai| samAja-darzana meM zubha yA azubha yoga aura puNya-pApa jaisI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai aura isalie nahIM hai ki samAja-darzana kA mAnadaNDa ahiMsA-hiMsA kI dRSTi se

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76 ahiMsA tattva darzana vastu ko nahIM maaptaa| vaha vastu kA mAna upayogI-anupayogI kI dRSTi se karatA hai| jo vastu samAja ke lie upayogI hai, vaha acchI aura jo upayogI nahIM, vaha burI / samAja-darzana kI bhASA meM samAja ke lie upayogI pravRtti ko zubha yoga yA puNya-kArya aura anupayogI pravRtti ko azubha yoga yA pApa-kArya kahA jaaegaa| aba Apa socie-donoM kA mAnadaNDa eka nahIM hai, taba donoM kI bhASA eka kaise hogI? syAdvAda kA rahasya hai-vastu ko vibhinna dRSTi-binduoM se parakhanA / eka hI vastu dravya kI dRSTi se nitya aura paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya hotI hai| isa dazA meM dRSTi-bheda se use nitya-anitya donoM kahanA kyA koI gUr3ha racanA yA zabdajAla hai ? samAja ke lie upayogI kintu rAga, dveSa, moha, hiMsAmaya pravRtti ko samAja kI dRSTi se zubha yoga yAnI acchI pravRtti aura adhyAtma kI dRSTi se azubha yoga kahA jAe, usameM Apatti jaisI kyA bAta hai? kucha samajha meM nahIM AtA, kamase-kama syAdvAdI ke lie to yaha ulajhana nahIM honI caahie| syAdvAda kA prayoga sImita nahIM hai| vaha sirpha vastu ko nitya-anitya batAne ke lie hI nahIM samAja meM balavAn ke lie durbala ko mAranA nirdoSa mAnA jAtA hai| cauMkie mata, sahI bAta hai| cUhoM ko manuSya mAratA hai, bandaroM ko mAratA hai aura una saba ko mAratA hai, jo manuSya ke svArtha meM bAdhaka banakara jIte haiN| mAno jIne kA adhikAra kevala manuSya ko hI hai| samAja ke pravartaka manuSya ke virodhI tattvoM ko mArane kI anumati dete haiM, kintu vaha mokSa kA mArga nahIM hai| 'sabala ke lie nirbala ko mArane ko mokSa-dharma batAte haiM, ve kuguru haiM, kubuddhi se calane vAle haiM'-AcArya bhikSu ne yaha tattva btaayaa| samAja meM svArtha-hiMsA bhI calatI hai| apane choTe-moTe svArtha ke lie manuSya choTe-moTe jIvoM ko mAratA hai| samAja-darzana ise burA nahIM maantaa| kintu yaha mokSa-dharma nahIM hai / parArtha hiMsA bhI calatI hai| eka AdamI dUsare AdamI ke lie bhI jIvoM ko mAratA hai / garIboM ko mArakara bar3oM ko poSaNa dene kI pravRtti jo hai, use dharma batAnA doSapUrNa hai| balAtkAra ahiMsA nahIM hai| hama hiMsaka ko jabaradastI ahiMsaka nahIM banA skte| hiMsaka kI AtmA ahiMsA ko svIkAra nahIM karatI, taba taka kisI devatA kI bhI tAkata nahIM ki use ahiMsaka banA de / upAdhyAya vinaya vijayajI ke zabdoM meM-bhagavAn mahAvIra jamAli ko, jo unakA dAmAda thA aura mithyAtva ke pracAra meM juTa gayA 1. anukampA kI caupAI, dohA 7 / 1 2. vratAvrata kI caupAI, 7 / 4

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 77 thA, nahIM roka sake to dUsarA kauna kise roka sakatA hai ? kauna kise balapUrvaka pApa se bacA sakatA hai ? atula balazAlI arihantoM ne kyA bala-prayoga karake dharma karavAyA ? nhiiN| kintu zuddha dharmopadeza diyA jise samajha-dhArakara loga saMsArasamudra kA pAra pAte haiN| AcArya bhikSu ne kahA-'tIrthakara ghara meM the, taba unameM tIna jJAna the, rAjya-adhikAra bhI thA, phira unhoMne ahiMsA-pAlana kI balAt AjJA nahIM baratAI / balAt hiMsA chur3Ane meM yadi dharma hotA to cakravartI balapUrvaka chahakhaNDa meM ahiMsA kI ghoSaNA karA dete| kintu aisA na hotA hai aura na unhoMne kiyA bhii| lobha, lAlaca denA yA parigrahI banAnA bhI ahiMsA nahIM hai| deva, guru aura dharma-ye tInoM aparigrahI haiN| parigraha ke dvArA inheM mola lenA cAhe, vaha viparIta dizA hai| parigrahI svayaM bane yA dUsare ko parigrahI banAe aura kisI bhI bhAvanA se banAe, vaha mokSa mArga nahIM hai|' zaunakopadeza aura padpurANa ke anusAra-'jisa vyakti kI dharma ke lie dhana kI icchA ho, usakA icchA-rahita honA acchA hai| kIcar3a ko dhone kI apekSA dUra se usako na chUnA hI acchA hai|' ThIka yahI tattva iSTopadeza meM pUjyapAda ne batAyA hai| samAja kI dRSTi meM bala-prayoga kA bhI, parigraha kA bhI apanI-apanI jagaha sthAna hai, isalie hameM vastu-tattva ko parakhane meM pUrI sAvadhAnI baratanI caahie| hiMsA-ahiMsA kI parIkSA karanI ho, vahAM hameM adhyAtma kA mAnadaNDa lekara usI kI bhASA meM bolanA cAhie aura jahAM upayogI-anupayogI kI parakha karanI ho, vahAM samAja kA mAnadaNDa aura usI kI bhASA kA vyavahAra karanA caahie| AcArya bhikSu ne isI ko samyag dRSTi kahA hai / 1. zAntasudhArasa, 19 / 3-4 2. anukampA caupaI 7 / 44146 3. vahI 7 / 64 4. vahI 11152

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ahiMsA kA rAjapatha : eka aura akhaNDa ahiMsA AtmA kI pUrNa vizuddha dazA hai / vaha eka aura akhaNDa hai| kintu moha ke dvArA vaha DhakI rahatI hai| moha kA jitanA nAza hotA hai, utanA hI usakA vikAsa / isa moha-vilaya ke tAratamya para usake do rUpa nizcita kie gae haiM 1. ahiMsA-mahAvrata, 2. ahiMsA-aNuvrata / inameM svarUpa bheda nahIM; mAtrA (parimANa) kA bheda hai| muni kI ahiMsA pUrNa hai, isa dazA meM zrAvaka kI ahiMsA apUrNa / muni kI taraha zrAvaka saba prakAra kI hiMsA se mukta nahIM raha sktaa| muni kI apekSA zrAvaka kI ahiMsA kA parimANa bahuta kama hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM muni kI ahiMsA bIsa bisvA(pora) aura zrAvaka kI savA bisvA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zrAvaka trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA chor3a sakatA hai, bAdara-sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA ko nahIM / isase usakI ahiMsA kA parimANa AdhA raha jAtA hai-dasa bisvA raha jAtA hai| isameM bhI zrAvaka trasa jIvoM kI saMkalpapUrvaka hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai, ArambhajA hiMsA kA nhiiN| ataH isakA parimANa usase bhI AdhA arthAt pA~ca bisvA raha jAtA hai| irAdepUrvaka hiMsA bhI unhIM trasa jIvoM kI tyAgI jAtI hai, jo niraparAdha haiM / sAparAdha trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se zrAvaka mukta nahIM ho sakatA, isase vaha ahiMsA aDhAI bisvA raha jAtI hai / niraparAdha trasa jIvoM kI bhI nirapekSa hiMsA ko zrAvaka tyAgatA hai, sApekSa hiMsA to usase ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra zrAvaka (dharmopAsaka yA vratI gRhastha) kI ahiMsA kA parimANa savA bisvA raha jAtA hai / eka prAcIna gAthA meM ise saMkSepa meM kahA hai jIvA suhamA thUlA, saMkappA ArambhA bhave duvihA / sAvarAhA niravarAhA, savikkhA ceva niravikkhA //

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 76 1. suukssmjiiv-hiNsaa| 5. saapraadh-hiNsaa| 2. sthuuljiiv-hiNsaa| 6. niraparAdha hiNsaa| 3. sNklp-hiNsaa| 7. saapekss-hiNsaa| 4. aarmbh-hiNsaa| 8. nirpekss-hiNsaa| hiMsA ke ye ATha prakAra haiM / zrAvaka inameM se cAra prakAra kI (2, 3, 6, 8,) hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| ataH zrAvaka kI ahiMsA apUrNa hai| sthAvara-jIva-hiMsA sthAvara jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM : (1) sUkSma, (2) baadr| sUkSma sthAvara itane sUkSma hote haiM ki ve kisI ke yoga se nahIM mrte| ataeva unakI hiMsA kA tyAga zrAvaka ko avazya kara denA caahie| zrAvaka bAdara sthAvara jIvoM kI sArtha (artha sahita) hiMsA kA tyAga nahIM kara sktaa| gRha-vAsa meM isa prakAra kI sUkSma hiMsA kA pratiSedha avazya hai| zarIra, kuTumba Adi ke nirvAhArtha zrAvaka ko yaha karanI par3atI hai, tathApi inakI nirarthaka hiMsA kA tyAga avazya karanA caahie| nirathikAM na kurvIta, jIveSu sthAvareSvapi / hiMsAmahiMsAdharmajJaH, kAMkSanmokSamupAsakaH / / arthAt mokSAbhilASI ahiMsA-marmajJa zrAvaka ko sthAvara jIvoM kI bhI nirarthaka hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| ahiMsA kA dharma sAvadhAnI meM hai, vibhrAnti meM nhiiN| jIvana kI avibhakti aura vibhakti jIvana saMkula bhI hai aura asaMkula bhii| jIvana akhaNDa yA avibhAjya hai-syAdvAda kI bhASA meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| usakA pravAha eka ho sakatA hai, kintu pravAha kA bindu eka hI nahIM hotaa| maiMne thor3e samaya pahale eka vibandha meM likhA thA-"jIvana ekarasa aura dhArAvAhI hai| usake Tukar3e nahIM kie jA sakate-yaha saca hai kintu sthUla-sUkSmasatya kI dRSTi se jIvana caitanya ke dhAge se piroI haI bhinna-bhinna motiyoM kI mAlA hai| usakI pratyeka aura pratyeka prakAra kI pravRtti use khaNDa-khaNDa kara DAlatI hai / deza aura kAla use jur3A nahIM rahane dete| sthitiyAM usakI anusyUti ko sahana nahIM krtiiN| bhinna-bhinna pravRttiyoM kA kSetra bhale eka ho, unakA svarUpa

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80 ahiMsA tattva darzana eka nahIM ho sktaa| eka vyakti rotA bhI hai aura haMsatA bhI hai / rone vAlA aura haMsane vAlA vyakti eka ho sakatA hai (vaha bhI sthUla dRSTi se) kintu ronA aura haMsanA eka nahIM ho sktaa|" ____jIvana saMkula hai--yaha saca hai kintu jIvana kI pravRttiyAM jo bhinna-bhinna dezakAla meM hotI haiM aura bhinna-bhinna svarUpa vAlI haiM, ve saMkula nahIM hotiiN| yaha usase kama saca nahIM hai| isalie donoM ke samanvaya kI bhASA meM aise kahanA cAhie ki bhinna-bhinna pravRttiyoM ke saMgama kI dRSTi se jIvana saMkula hai aura unake bhinnabhinna svarUpoM kI dRSTi se vaha saMkula nahIM hai| jIvana kI sImAeM kRtrima nahIM hotiiN| usako bAMTane vAlI rekhAeM usI ke dvArA khIMcI jAtI haiN| unameM se kucha eka jo gamya banatI haiM, ve zabdoM meM baMdha jAtI haiN| unake laukika aura AdhyAtmika jo bheda hote haiM, unake pIche do dArzanika vicAra haiM : (1) saMsAra, (2) mukta / ___ saMsAra kA sAdhana (saMsAra kI ora le jAne vAlI pravRtti) laukika hotI hai aura mukti kA sAdhana (mokSa kI ora le jAne vAlI pravRtti) AdhyAtmika / saMsAra aura mukti kI kalpanAeM jinheM mAnya haiM, unheM saMsAra aura mukti ke sAdhana bhI mAnya hone caahie| saMsAra aura mukti kA svarUpa eka nahIM hai, isalie laukika aura AdhyAtmika pravRtti kA svarUpa bhI eka nahIM honA cAhie / vyakti kI dRSTi se laukika jIvana kI samApti aura bAda AdhyAtmika jIvana kA prAraMbha hotA hai-aisA nahIM jAna pdd'taa| kintu pravatti ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se aisA hotA bhI hai / laukika jIvana kI pravRtti samApta hone para AdhyAtmika pravRtti zurU hotI hai aura AdhyAtmika pravRtti samApta hone para laukika pravRtti / donoM ke Adi-anta apane Apa meM samAe hue haiN| donoM kA mizraNa kahIM bhI nahIM hotaa| sAdhyoM meM mizraNa nahIM hotA ve vyAvRta hote haiM, taba sAdhanoM kI vyAvRti kaise nahIM hogI? hameM vasta kI koTi kA nirNaya usake svarUpa-viveka dvArA karanA hogA, usake lie vyakti ko tor3anA Avazyaka nahIM hotA / sAmAjika-dRSTi aura mokSa dRSTi samAja kI bhUmikA meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa sAmAjika upayogitA ke stara para huaa| adhyAtma kI bhUmikA meM usakA vikAsa huA samAja-nirapekSa bhUmikA para, Atma-vikAsa kI bhitti para / usakA lakSya thA deha-mukti / isalie vaha prANI mAtra ko na mAnane kI maryAdA se bhI Age bddh'ii| sUkSma vicAraNA meM avirati aura kriyA ke siddhAnta taka pahuMca gii| hiMsA kI virati nahIM karane vAlA hiMsA nahIM

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 81 karane para bhI hiMsaka hai|' avirati prANI ko atIta zarIra kI apekSA se bhI hiMsA kI kriyA lagatI hai| pUrNa virati kie binA pratyeka prANI kA zarIra nirantara chaha kAya kA adhikaraNa--zastra rahatA hai| yaha aikAntika nivRtti kA mArga hai| samAja kA AdhAra deha-dazA hai| mokSa kA svarUpa hai videha / deha kA dharma hai pravRtti / nivRtti deha se videha kI ora jAne kA mArga hai| sAmAjika dRSTi meM pravRtti kI zuddhi ke lie nivRtti bhI mAnya hai kintu hai eka sImA tk| mokSa-sAdhanA kA dhyeya hai Atyantika nivRtti, zarIra se bhI nivRtti / isameM bhI eka sImA taka pravRtti mAnya hai, kintu vahI jo saMyamamaya ho / ahiMsA sambandhI sAmAjika dRSTikoNa isa bindu para isase bhinna par3a jAtA hai| Atmika-dRSTi meM nivRtti kA prabhutva hai, samAja-dRSTi meM pravRtti kaa| hiMsA aura parigraha ke binA kAma nahIM calatA kintu dharma kI maryAdA ko samajhane vAle unakA alpIkaraNa karate haiN| isalie zrAvaka ko 'alpasAvadha karmArya' kahA gayA hai| asi, maSi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa-ina chahoM karmoM ko karane vAle avirata hote haiM, isalie unheM hiMsA-karmakArI kahA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sarva-virati muni inakA upadeza nahIM krte| hiMsAtmaka kartavya kA upadeza karane vAle muniyoM ko kArya kI dRSTi se gRhasthoM ke samAna kahA ____ kevala samAja yA pravRtti dharma ko hI mAnane vAloM ko yaha dRSTi grAhya na bhI ho sake kintu mokSa kI sAdhanA, jo deha-nivRtti kA lakSya lie calatI hai, meM aisI mAnyatA sahajatayA phalita hotI hai| mokSa ko sAdhya mAnane vAle vyakti bhI gahastha-dazA meM hiMsA, parigraha, abrahmacarya-sevana Adi karma karate haiN| yaha pravatti aura nivRtti kA kSetra-bheda hai| nivRttidharma ko samajha lenA eka bAta hai aura usake anusAra AcaraNa karanA dUsarI bAta hai| jJAnAvaraNa aura zraddhA-moha kA vilaya hotA hai, tattva sahI rUpa meM samajha meM A jAtA hai / AcaraNa kI bAta aba bhI zeSa rahatI hai| AcaraNa sambandhI moha kA vilaya hue binA samajhI huI bAta bhI kriyAtmaka nahIM bntii| jinake sarva-virati yogya moha-vilaya nahIM hotA, ve nivRtti-dharma ko mokSa kA mArga samajhate hue bhI use apanA nahIM skte| tAtparya ki usakA aMgIkAra moha-vilaya kI mAtrA ke anu 1. bhagavatI 1661 2. prajJApanA pada 22 3. tattvArtha bhASya (UmAsvAti) 4. tattvArtha rAjavArtika (akalaMka) 5. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 1 / 4 / 1

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ahiMsA tattva darzana sAra hI hotA hai / bhagavAn RSabhanAtha yA koI bhI vyakti ho, bhogya karma sabako bhogane par3ate haiM / usa samaya pravRtti kA dvAra khulA rahatA hai / moha prabala hotA hai taba avirati pravRtti meM Asakti adhika hotI hai, vaha kama hotA hai taba kama / pravRtti mokSa kI sAdhaka na ho to jJAnI jana use kyoM kareM - yaha prazna ukta paMktiyoM se svayaM spaSTa ho jAtA hai / jJAnI honA eka bAta hai aura virata honA dUsarI bAta / jJAna aura avirati meM virodha nahIM hai, unameM svarUpa - bheda hai - ve do haiM / virodha hai avirati aura virati meM / eka viSaya kI virati aura avirati -- ye donoM eka sAtha nahIM ho sakatIM / eka viSaya kI virati aura eka viSaya kI aviratiye eka sAtha hotI haiM / isIlie gRhastha zrAvaka 'viratAvirati' yA 'dharmAdharmI' hotA hai / gRhastha kI saMyamamaya yA viratipUrNa kriyAeM hI mokSa kI sAdhaka haiM, zeSa nahIM / Arambha yA hiMsA karatA huA vyakti mukta nahIM hotA / mumukSa ko Akhira muni - dharma svIkAra karanA hI par3atA hai / ' gRhasthAzrama meM rahate hue bhI jo suvratI hote haiM, ve svarga pAte haiM / kaI bhikSuoM se gRhastha saMyama - pradhAna hote haiM / muni-dharma ko pAlana karane vAle bhikSu saba gRhasthoM se saMyama - pradhAna hote haiM / " mokSa - sAdhanA ke kSetra meM gRhasthAzrama kI apekSA muni-dharma kA kitanA mahattva hai, vaha indra aura nami rAjarSi kI carcA se spaSTa hai / 82 indra muni se kahatA hai- 'Apa abhI dAna deM, zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAeM, yajJa kareM, phira dIkSA lenA / ' uttara meM muni kahate haiM-- 'jo vyakti pratimAsa lAkhoM gAeM dAna meM detA hai, usakI apekSA kucha bhI na dene vAle kA saMyamAcaraNa zreSTha hai / ' indra ne phira kahA--'Apa ghoraAzrama (gRhastha - jIvana ) ko chor3akara dUsare Azrama (muni jIvana) meM jA rahe haiM, yaha ThIka nahIM / Apa isI Azrama meM rahakara dharma ko puSTa karane vAlI kriyA kareM / ' rAjarSi ne kahA - 'gRhastha Azrama meM rahane vAlA vyakti tIsa-tIsa dina taka kI tapasyA kare aura pAraNe meM kuza ke agrabhAga para Tike utanA khAe, phira bhI vaha 1. ( ka ) sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 3-6 (kha) bhagavatI 17 - 2 2. bhagavatI 3 | 3 3. uttarAdhyayana 5 / 24 : evaM sikkhA samAvinne, gihivAse vi suvvae / muccaI chavipavvAo, gacche jakkhassa logayaM // 4. vahI 5 / 20 : saMti egehi bhikkhUhi, gAratthA saMjamuttarA / gAratthe hi ya savvehi sAhavo saMjamuttarA //

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ahiMsA tattva darzana muni-dharma kI solahavIM kalA kI bhI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa|' isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai-samAja aura mokSa kI dRSTi aura sAdhanA sarvathA eka nahIM hai| samAja dRSTi meM gRhasthAzrama kA pUrA mahattva hai / dharma kA mahattva vahIM taka hai, jahAM taka vaha gRhastha-dharma kI burAiyoM ko mittaae| mokSa-dRSTi meM muni jIvana kA sarvocca sthAna hai| gRhastha-jIvana kA mahattva usake vratoM taka hI sImita hai| jo vyakti ina donoM ke ekIkaraNa kI bAta socate haiM, ve isa tathya ko bhulA dete haiM ki svarUpa-bheda meM ekatA nahIM ho sktii| ye donoM samAnAntara rekhAeM haiM, jo sAtha-sAtha calatI haiM para Apasa meM milatI nahIM / sAmAjika bhUmikA aura ahiMsA jaina-darzana ke anusAra gRhastha ke vicAroM kA kendra muni kI taraha kevala dhArmika kSetra hI nahIM hai, rAjanaitika evaM sAmAjika kSetra meM bhI usakI gati abAdha hotI hai| usakI maryAdA kA ucita dhyAna rakhe binA usake gRhastha sambandhI aucitya kA nirvAha nahIM ho sktaa| ataH gRhastha ke kAryakSetra hiMsAtmaka aura ahiMsAtmaka donoM haiN| vartamAna ke rAjanaitika vAtAvaraNa meM ahiMsA ko pallavita karane kI ceSTA kI jA rahI hai| yaha koI naI bAta nahIM / ahiMsA kA prayoga pratyeka kSetra meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| usakA kSetra koI pRthaka-pRthak nirvAcita nahIM, sarvathA svataMtra hai| satpravRtti aura nivRtti meM usakA ekAdhikAra Adhipatya hai / jIvana kI anivArya AvazyakatAoM meM bhI ahiMsA prayojya hai, khAne-pIne meM bhI ahiMsA kA vicAra rakhanA lAbhaprada hai para hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA viveka yathAvat honA cAhie anyathA donoM kA mizraNa lAbha ke badale hAnikAraka ho jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zrAvaka mahArAja ceTaka vaizAlI gaNataMtra kA pradhAna thaa| vaha ahiMsA-vatI thaa| niraparAdha jIvoM ke prati usakI bhAvanA meM dayA kA pravAha thaa| yaha to zrAvakatva kA sUcaka hai hI, kintu sAparAdha prANI bhI usake saphala bANa se eka dina meM eka se adhika mRtyu kA AliMgana nahIM kara pAte the / yuddha meM bhI use pratidina eka bANa se adhika prahAra karane kA tyAga thaa| itanA manobala sarvasAdhAraNa meM ho sakatA hai, yaha sambhava nhiiN| vrata-vidhAna sarva-sAdhAraNa ko ahiMsA kI ora prerita karane ke lie hai / ataH isakA vidhAna sArvajanikatA ke dRSTikoNa se sarvathA samucita hai| isameM ahiMsA kA parimANa yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zrAvaka niraparAdha trasa prANI (na kevala manuSya) ko mArane kI buddhi se nahIM maartaa| yaha 1. uttarAdhyayana 6 / 38,40,42,44

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8 ahiMsA tattva darzana ahiMsA kA madhyama-mArga hai| gRhastha ke lie upayogI hai| isameM na to gRhastha ke aucitya-saMrakSaNa meM bhI bAdhA AtI hai aura na vyartha hiMsA karane kI vRtti bhI bar3hatI hai / yadi hiMsA kA bilakula tyAga na kare to manuSya rAkSasa bana jAtA hai aura yadi vaha hiMsA ko sarvathA tyAga de to gRhasthapana nahIM cala sktaa| isa sthiti meM yaha madhyama-mArga zrAvaka ke lie adhika zreyaskara hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki gRhastha isa hada ke uparAnta hiMsA kA tyAga kara hI nahIM sktaa| yadi kisI gRhastha meM adhika sAhasa ho, adhika manobala ho to vaha saparAdha aura niraparAdha donoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga kara sakatA hai| para sarvasAdhAraNa meM kahAM itanA manobala, kahAM itanA dhairya aura sAhasa ki vaha aparAdhI ko bhI kSamA kara sake? hiMsaka bala ke sAmane apane bhautika adhikAroM kI rakSA kara sake ? nIti-bhraSTa logoM se apane svatva ko bacA sake ? ahiMsA kA prayoga pradhAnataH AtmA kI zuddhi ke lie hai| rAjya Adi kAryoM meM hiMsA se jitanA bacAva ho sake, utanA bacAva kare, yaha rAjanIti meM ahiMsA kA prayoga hai| kintu jo bala Adi kA vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha hiMsA hI hai| sAmAjika aura dhArmika pravRtti kA pRthakkaraNa kyoM ? amuka kArya samAja yA saMsAra kA hai aura amuka kArya dharma yA mokSa kA hai, aisA vibhAga kyoM ? samAja aura dharma sarvathA alaga nahIM ho skte| isalie inheM alaga-alaga bAMTane se bar3I ulajhana paidA hotI hai-eka vicAradhArA aisI bhI hai| isa ulajhana ko miTAne kA ekamAtra upAya nAstikavAda hai| anAtmavAdI jIvana kI vartamAna kaThinAiyoM se sabase adhika baca sakatA hai| use vartamAna kI upayogitA se Age socane kI jarUrata nahIM hotii| AtmavAdI vartamAna upayogitA ko hI jIvana kA sAdhya nahIM mAnatA, isalie vaha Atma-zuddhi ko jIvana kA caramasAdhya mAnakara calatA hai / usakA sAdhana hai-ahiNsaa| ___ jIvana hiMsA ke binA calatA nahIM, gRhastha ko Avazyaka suvidhAeM jo juTAnI par3atI haiM / isalie vaha anAvazyaka hiMsA se bacakara calatA hai| yahI samAja ahiMsA yA AdhyAtmikatA kI nIMva para sRSTa samAja kahalAtA hai| ahiMsaka samAja kA yaha artha nahIM ki vaha kucha bhI hiMsA nahIM karatA kintu vaha hiMsA ko yathAzakya chor3ane kA dhyeya rakhakara calatA hai| usameM jitanA vItarAga-bhAva yA mAdhyasthya hai, vaha ahiMsA hai aura jitanA rAga-dveSa, moha, ajJAna hai, vaha hiMsA hai| sAmAjika prANI ahiMsA kA dhyeya rakhate hue bhI daihika anivAryatA aura rAga-dveSa kI parAdhInatA ke kAraNa hiMsA se chuTakArA nahIM pAtA, isalie vaha ahiMsA aura hiMsA

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ahiMsA tattva darzana ke saMgama meM calatA hai / vaha hiMsA na chor3a sake, yaha usakI durbalatA hai / use ahiMsA kyoM mAnA jAe ? pratyeka kArya kI parakha honI cAhie / saMsAra ko saMsAra aura mokSa ko mokSa samajhanA caahie| sAMsArika kArya meM anAsakti rahane mAtra se vaha mokSa kA nahIM bana jaataa| hAM, anAsakti ke rahate bandhana tIvra nahIM hotA, phira bhI sUkSma rAga ke rahate sUkSma bandhana avazya hogA / bandhana aura mokSa kA mArga eka ho nahIM sakatA / isa dazA meM unheM eka mAnane kI bhUla hameM nahIM karanI cAhie / samAja aura mokSa kI alaga-alaga dhAraNAeM rahate hue samAja kA yatheSTa vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA- - aisA mAnanA bhramapUrNa hai / kAraNa yaha hai - sAmAjika prANI hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA viveka rakha sakatA hai kintu hiMsA ko sarvathA chor3a nahIM sakatA; samAja kI pratiSThA, maryAdA aura vikAsa kI upekSA nahIM kara sakatA / itihAsa ke panne ulaTie / ahiMsA para vizvAsa rakhane vAle maurya aura gupta samrAToM kA kAla bhArata kA svarNa yuga kahA jAtA hai / 85 sAmAjika vyakti samAja-vimukha nahIM ho sakatA dayA dAna viSayaka vicAra krAMti dayA dAna ke ati-raMjita rUpa kA pariNAma hai| sAmAjika prANI rAga kI pariNati se mukti nahIM pA sakatA, yaha ThIka hai kintu use dharma yA mokSa kA mArga samajha baiThe, yaha bhUla hai / aisI bhUla huI, isIlie AcArya bhikSu ko usa para kaThora prahAra karanA par3A / ve samAja kI maryAdA ko samajhate the / samAja meM rahane vAlA vyakti samAja se vimukha banakara rahe, yaha unhoMne nahIM batAyA / unhoMne batAyA - 'samAja kI AvazyakatAoM ko, ApasI sahayoga, nyAya-vitaraNa, samAna adhikAra, paudgalika sukha-sampAdana kI vidhiyoM ko mokSa - mArga samajhanA bhUla hai / ' ve samAja-virodhI saMskAra DAlane nahIM cale, samAja kA abhyudaya nizreyas ke nAma para sAdhA jA rahA thA / use miTAne cale the / usameM ve saphala hue / Aja kA yuga unakI dena ko bar3I mahattvapUrNa mAnatA hai / sAmAjika dAyitva nibhAne vAle naraka meM jAte haiM - yaha unakA pratipAdya nahIM thA / unakA pratipAdya sirpha itanA hI thA ki yaha saba mokSa kI sAdhanA nahIM hai / samyag - dRSTi vyakti sAmAjika dAyitva ko nibhAtA huA bhI narakagAmI nahIM hotA / nandana maNiyArA ne puSkaraNI banavAI, isalie vaha meDhaka banA - yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? chaha khaNDa kA rAjya karane vAle sArvabhauma cakravartI aura raNacaNDI kI khappara bharane vAlA rAjA aura sainika usI janma meM saMyamI bana mokSa jAte haiM / isa dazA meM kuAM yA pokharaNI banAne mAtra se koI naraka jAtA hai - yaha kauna marmajJa kahegA ? nandana meDhaka isalie banA ki vaha Arambha karatA gayA, usameM mUcchita

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ahiMsA tattva darzana rahA aura Atma-dharma se muMha mor3a baiThA / Atma-dharma ke sivA agara koI dUsarI vastu sadgati kA kAraNa hotI to nandana kI aisI sthiti nahIM bntii| bahuta sAre vyakti laukika vyavahAra ko hI dharma-puNya mAnakara Atma-dharma se pare khisaka jAte haiM, yaha bar3I bhUla hotI hai| laukika vyavahAra gRhastha ke lie anivArya hai / Arambha karanA gRhastha kI kamajorI hai, kintu use dharma samajhanA moha kI prabalatA hai| gRhastha ko anartha-hiMsA se avazya bacAnA caahie| vyaktigata svArtha yA sAmAjika svArtha ke lie hone vAlI hiMsA, jise bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anartha-hiMsA kahA hai, se vyakti vivekapUrvaka bace--yaha tathya hai / bhava-vairAgya hogA to vaha hiMsA ko chor3atA calA jaaegaa| Akhira sAdhu yA saMnyAsI bhI bana jAegA / vAstava meM sahI virakti honI caahie| vaiyaktika svArtha kA bharapUra poSaNa karane vAle sAmAjika svArtha se bacane ke lie dambha bhareM-vaha sahI nahIM lgtaa| 'gAya se dUdha lUMgA, kintu use ghAsa nahIM DAlUMgA'- aisI avivekapUrNa pravRtti ahiMsA nahIM kintu ahiMsA ke sAtha makhaula hai| AcArya bhikSa aura jayAcArya ne yakiMcit kaTu satya kahA hai| vaha bhI laukika vyavahAra ko tor3ane ke lie nahIM kintu vastusthiti ko yathArtha rUpa meM samajhAne ke lie, dRSTi ko samyak banAne ke lie vaisA kahanA pdd'aa| logoM ne pratyeka Avazyaka kartavya para dharma kI chApa lagA dii| unhoMne mAna liyA ki pAnI pilAnA dharma hai, roTI khilAnA dharma hai, paisA denA dharma hai| dharma bhI vyavahAra kA nahIM mokSa kaa| kyA dharma bAhara se Tapaka par3atA hai ? dharma kA rUpa vikRta banA diyA gyaa| kaSTa kauna sahe? tyAga-tapasyA kauna kare? brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karA diyA, jainoM ne dayA palA dI-zrAvakoM ko jimA diyA, dhAraNA-pAraNA karA diyaa| ve dharma kareMge usakA hissA, usakI preraNA yA anumodanA unheM mila jaaegii| aisI bhrAnta dhAraNAeM cala pdd'iiN| dharma kI maulika sAdhanA-satya, santoSa, maitrI, aparigrahadaba gaI aura bAharI AvaraNa ubhara aayaa| aisI sthiti meM kaTu satya bhI upayogI hotA hai / vaha samAja-virodhI saMskAroM ko nahIM DAlatA kintu dharma ke nAma para palane vAle vikArI saMskAroM aura ADambaroM ko ukhAr3a pheMkatA hai| AcArya bhikSu ke siddhAnta ko par3hate samaya unake pAripAzvika vAtAvaraNa ko dhyAna meM rakhanA jarUrI hai| usako chor3akara hama unakA dRSTi-bindu samajhane meM pUrNa saphala nahIM ho skte| sAmAjika kartavya kA AdhAra sAmAjikatA AcArya bhikSu laukika vyavahAra ko tor3ane kA Agraha nahIM rakhate the| unheM vastusthiti ko yathArtha samajhane kA Agraha thaa| eka jamAnA aisA rahA jabaki sAmAjika dAyitva ko nibhAne ke lie samAja ke niyamoM ko dharma-puNya kahA gayA? Aja

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 87 kA manuSya kartavya ke nAma para Age bar3ha gayA hai| vaha samAja ke dAyitva ko sAmAjika kartavya ke rUpa meM adhika kauzala ke sAtha nibhAtA hai / athavA aise samajhie ki AcArya bhikSu kA dRSTikoNa eka nayA prayoga hai / unake anuyAyI sAmAjika AvazyakatAoM ko dharma-puNya na mAnate hue bhI kartavya kI dRSTi se unheM pUrA karate haiN| sAMsArika sthitiyAM AtmA ko mukti dene vAlI nahIM haiN| phira bhI bandhana meM phaMse hue vyakti apanI maryAdA nahIM tor3a skte| isalie ve kartavya-prerita hokara unheM kiyA karate haiM / vartamAna yuga sAmAjika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti dharma-puNya ke nAma para nahIM kintu sAmAjika nyAya aura adhikAra ke stara para karanA sikhAtA hai| manuSya-manuSya ke bIca jo hInatA aura uccatA kI bhAvanA banI, usameM dAna dvArA puNya kamAne kI dhAraNA pramukha hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isake viruddha krAnti kii| sUtrakRtAMga aura AcArAMga par3ha jAie, tathya sAmane A jaaeNge| AcArya bhikSu ne usI tathya kA punaH prakAzana kiyaa| loga usakA marma samajha nahIM ske| unake saMskAra vaiyaktika jIvanavAdI vyavasthA ke the| isalie ve vicAra sahajatayA samajha meM na AeM-isameM Azcarya jaisA kucha nhiiN| sAmAjika sAthiyoM ko hIna-dIna rakhakara unake prati dayA aura paropakAra kA vyavahAra karanA-ye saba tathya vaiyaktika jIvanavAdI vyavasthA ke the| isa yuga meM jahAM samAnAdhikAra kA svara saphala ho rahA hai, unakA nirvAha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhii| samAjavAdI jIvana-vyavasthA meM sabake sAtha samAnatA kI anubhUti kI jAtI hai| yaha AmUla parivartana hai| eka hIna-dIna rahe aura dUsarA usa para dayA kara dharma-puNya kamAe-isakA koI mahattva nahIM rhaa| Aja use mahattva diyA jAtA hai, jisameM koI hIna-dIna rahe hI nhiiN| __ sAmAjika vyaktiyoM kI hInatA se utpanna karuNA sacamuca samAja kI durvyavasthA ko cunautI hotI hai| use dhArmika rUpa dene vAle prakArAntara se durvyavasthA ko prazraya dete haiN| kisI yuga meM yaha bhAvukatA upayogI rahI hogI, kintu adhikArajAgaraNa ke isa yuga meM to isakA koI upayoga nahIM dIkha par3atA / yuga kI parivartita cetanA ko samajhane ke lie prophesara nagendranAtha ke vicAra dekhie-'eka samaya thA jaba sAmAjika kalyANa aura paropakAra kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara kucha sAmAjika kAryakartAoM ne andhoM ko sahAyatA aura sukha pahuMcAne ke lie unheM kucha sikhAnA-par3hAnA zurU kiyA thaa| samAja kA bojha halkA karane ke lie unhoMne aMdhoM ke lie vidyAlaya aura Azrama bhI khole| loka-cetanA ke vikAsa aura vyApaka jana-jAgRti ke kAraNa Aja hara andhe bacce kA zikSA prApta karane kA adhikAra mAnA jAne lagA hai| adhikAMza sabhya dezoM meM Aja andhoM kI zikSA anivArya hai aura sarakAra tathA janatA zikSA prApta karane ke bAda unheM upayukta kArya aura sAmAjika avasara dene kI bharapUra ceSTA kara rahI hai|'

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88 ahiMsA tattva darzana ___'adhikAMza andhoM ko dayAlu, dharmAlu vyaktiyoM ke dAna para hI nirbhara karanA par3atA thA, isa dRSTi se samAja meM unakA sthAna bar3e sammAna kA thA; aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hindU, bauddha, jaina, IsAI, musalamAna Adi sabhI dharmoM meM dAna kI bar3I mahimA vaNita huI hai aura isIlie sugamatA se bhikSA-vRtti hI andhoM kA eka pramukha pezA bana gyaa|" jaba taka sAmAjika samAnatA kA bhAva vikasita nahIM huA thA taba taka dAnapuNya ke AdhAra para asahAya vyaktiyoM ko kucha diyA jAtA thaa| Aja ke prabuddha yuga meM vaha dhAraNa vilupta ho cukI hai| aba ve bhikSA yA kRpA ke nahIM kintu sAmAjika saMbhAga ke adhikArI mAne jAte haiN| isalie unake prati dayA kA bhAva nahIM, kartavya kA bhAva jur3a gayA hai| eka darzana sAmAjika dayA-dAna ko Atma-dharma mAnatA hai, usase use puSTi milatI hai| aura dUsarA darzana use Atma-dharma nahIM mAnatA, usase kyA dayA-dAna ke astitva ko khatarA nahIM hai ? yaha prazna hotA hai| isake uttara meM maiM itanA hI kahUMgA ki sahayoga eka sAmAjika AvazyakatA hai aura manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai / sahayoga bhAvanA kI puSTi ke lie yaha bhAvanA paryApta hai| Atma-dharma ke prati koI AsthAvAna ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA, kintu sAmAjika prANI samAja kA aMga hone ke nAte samAja-dharma ke prati sahaja bhAva se AkRSTa ho sakatA hai| samAja-vyavasthA ke vikRta rUpa meM calane vAle dayA-dAna kA samarthana kara dharma bahuta uddIpana nahIM pA sktaa| apane sAmAjika bhAiyoM ko dIna-hIna mAnane para hI dayA aura unheM bhikhArI mAnane para hI dAna-dharma kA astitva TikA huA hai, vaha dharma-prabhAvanA ke badalane meM dharma-glAni kI sthiti utpanna kara sakatA hai| isalie isa prazna para gatizIla aura sahAnubhUtipUrNa dRSTikoNa se anuprekSA karanI caahie| 1. nayA samAja, pR0 182, 183, sitambara, 1653 .

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pravartaka aura nivartaka dharma ___ jo loga mAnate haiM-dharma samAja ke abhyudaya ke lie calA aura hai, unake lie ahiMsA maryAdita dharma hai| maryAdA kA mApadaNDa hai-samAja kI AvazyakatA / dharma kA pravartana Atma-zuddhi ke lie huA, aise vicAra vAloM ke lie ahiMsA amaryAdita dharma hai| ve ahiMsA ko upayogitA yA AvazyakatA ke bAToM se nahIM tolate / ve use saMyama kI tulA se tolate haiN| sacamuca hI ahiMsA samAja ke abhyudaya ke lie hI pravRtta huI hotI to usakI maryAdAeM itanI sUkSma nahIM banatIM, samAja-nirapekSa banakara bhI vaha vikasita nahIM hotii| ahiMsA-dharma samAja ke abhyudaya ke lie hI hai to use dharma kI bhUmikA para kyoM rakhA jAe ? samAja ke lie vaha adhika upayogI tabhI bana sakatA hai, jabaki usakA mUlyAMkana samAja kI dRSTi se kiyA jaae| ahiMsA kA vicAra samAja kI bhUmikA se Upara zarIra ko eka bAjU rakhakara kevala Atma-svarUpa kI bhitti para huA hai, usase spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki usakA lakSya Atma-zuddhi yA deha-mukti hI hai| ahiMsA-dharma kI bhitti svarga ke pralobhana aura naraka ke Dara kI kalpanA hI hai to use tor3a pheMka denA cAhie / vaijJAnika yuga ke vyakti kI dRSTi meM arthavAda kI apekSA yathArthatA kA mUlya adhika ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA-dharma Atma-zodhana ke lie hai arthAt deha-mukti ke lie hai to use apanI hI dizA meM calanA caahie| sAmAjika dharma nitAnta aihika aura paune solaha Ane bhautika hotA hai / usameM svarga-naraka, pApa-puNya Adi pAralaukika sthitiyoM kA vicAra nahIM hotaa| naitikatA kA vicAra hotA hai, vaha bhI sAmAjika stara para / anAtmavAdI kitane oche stara para dharma kA vicAra karate haiM, usakA eka namUnA dekhie-'AdamI ko apane Upara vizvAsa karanA sIkhanA cAhie / dharma-graMthoM ke pATha use kar3akar3AtI sardI se na bacA sakeMge / ghara, agni aura vastra hI usakI rakSA kara skeNge| akAla se bacane ke

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ahiMsA tattva darzana lie lAkhoM dharmopadeza kI apekSA eka hala adhika upayogI hai / saMsAra ke Arambha meM se jitanI prArthanAeM kI gaI haiM, ve saba utane rogoM ko dUra na kara sakeMgI jitane roga kisI eka sAmAnya peTeNTa davA se dUra ho sakate haiN|" jahAM paudgalika vastuoM kI prApti ke lie dharma kI kalpanA ho, vahAM vaha vyartha hai| yaha saca hai-roTI, kapar3A Adi sukha-suvidhAeM prApta karane meM dharma sahAyaka nahI bntaa| dharma ke bAre meM dUsarI kalpanA pravartaka-dharma kI hai| vaha pAralaukika bhI hai aura AdhyAtmika bhii| kintu vaha mokSa ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| usake anusAra dharma kA aihika phala hai abhyudaya aura pAralaukika phala hai svarga-prApti / tIsarI paramparA nivartaka-dharma kI hai| isakA sAdhya hai mokss| isake anusAra dharma sirpha Atma-zuddhi ke lie hI kiyA jAnA caahie| aihika aura pAralaukika sukha-sampadAoM, vaibhava aura svarga ke lie dharma nahIM karanA caahie| indra ne nami rAjarSi se kahA-'Apa mile hue bhogoM ko chor3a kara AgAmI bhogoM ke lie tapa tapa rahe haiM, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai|' rAjarSi bole- 'kAma-bhoga zalya haiM, viSa haiN| unakI kAmanA karane vAle durgati meM jAte haiM / maiM Atma-zuddhi ke lie tapa rahA hUM, pAralauki bhogoM ke lie nhiiN| nivartaka dharma pUrNatayA AdhyAtmika hai| paudgalika sukha-suvidhAoM kI dRSTi se vaha na ihalaukika hai aura na pAralaukika / Atma-zuddhi kI dRSTi se vaha ihalaukika bhI hai aura pAralaukika bhI / pravartaka aura nivartaka dharma kA AdhAra pravartaka aura nivartaka dharma kA AdhAra karmavAda hai / karmavAda kI do zAkhAeM rahI haiM : 1. trivargavAdI, 2. puruSArtha-catuSTyavAdI / dharma, artha aura kAma ---ina tIna puruSArthoM ko svIkAra karane vAlI zAkhA meM mokSa kA sthAna nahIM hai| isI kA nAma pravartaka dharma hai| isakA caramasAdhya svarga hai / isake anusAra dharma, zubhakArya yA puNya kA phala svarga hai| adharma, azubha karma yA 1. svataMtra vicAra : karnala iMgarasola, pR0 41 (anuvAdaka : bhadanta Ananda. kauslyaayn)| 2. dazavakAlika-64 3. uttarAdhyayana 6 / 51,53 4. vahI, 1115

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ahiMsA tattva darzana pApa kA phala naraka hai| inhIM ke dvArA janma maraNa kI paramparA calatI hai / usakA kabhI bhI nirodha nahIM ho sktaa| isa paramparA meM dharma yA puNya heya nahIM hai / isameM dharma kA AdhAra ziSTa samAjasammata AcAra hai / isake dhArmika vidhAna svargalakSI haiM / dUsarI paramparA nivartaka dharma kI hai / isakA sAdhya mokSa hai / isameM dharma aura puNya eka nahIM hai / dharma AtmA kI zuddha pariNati hai aura puNya karma-vandhana hai / puNya bandhana hai isalie heya hai / " puNya kA phala svarga Adi zubha-bhoga hai kintu vaha mokSa kA bAdhaka hai / yaha mokSArthI ke lie vAMchanIya nahIM / AcArya kundakunda ke / ' zabdoM meM- 'puNya saMsAra - bhramaNa kA hetu hai / jo isakI icchA karate haiM, ve paramArtha ko nahIM samajhate, mokSa mArga ko nahIM jAnate / " phala kI dRSTi se puNya aura pApa meM antara hai / puNya kA phala zubha-bhoga hai, pApa kA azubha- bhoga | kintu mokSa ke sAdhana ye donoM nahIM haiM, isalie puNya ke phala bhI tattva - dRSTyA duHkha hI haiM / * cakravartI- pada kI prApti Adi-Adi puNya ke phala nizcaya dRSTi se duHkha hI haiM / " isIlie AcArya yogIndu kahate haiM - 'hamAre puNya kA bandha na ho, kyoMki puNya se dhana milatA hai, dhana se mada hotA hai, mada se mati moha aura mati moha se pApa / " yaha krama unhIM ke hotA hai, jo puNya kI icchA se dharmAcaraNa karate haiM / jo Atma-zuddhi ke lie dharmAcaraNa karate haiM, unake avAMchita puNya kA baMdha ho jAtA hai / kintu vaha vyakti digmUr3ha nahIM banAtA, phira bhI vaha sAdhana janma-mRtyu kI paramparA kA hI hai, mokSa kA nahIM / jIva saMsAra bhramaNa karatA hai, usakA kAraNa zubha-azubha karma hI hai / mokSa zubha-azubha karma naSTa hone se hI hotA hai / karma se karma kA nAza nahIM hotA, karma kA nAza akarma se hotA hai / " mokSa taba ho jaba nae karma, puNya aura pApa, donoM na lage / pravartaka-dharma ke anusAra dharma aura puNya donoM eka haiM / nivartaka-dharma meM ye donoM do ho jAte haiM / puNya kA artha hai, zubha karma kA bandhana aura dharma kA artha hai bandhana -mukti kA sAdhana / ye donoM paraspara virodhI haiM / bandhana ke sAdhana se mukti 1. uttarAdhyayana, 21 / 24 2. zAnta sudhArasa 77 3. samayasAra 161 4. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 2004 5. vahI, gAthA 2005 6. paramAtmaprakAza 2 / 60 7. sUtrakRtAMga 1 -12-15 : na kammuNA kamma khaveMti bAlA / akammuNA kamma khaveMti dhIrA // 1

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62 ahiMsA tattva darzana nahIM ho sakatI aura mukti ke sAdhana se bandhana nahIM ho sktaa| dharma kI zubha vRttyAtmaka sthiti meM hone vAlA bandhana puNya kA hotA hai| isa sAhacarya ke upacAra se kahA jAtA hai ki dharma se puNya hotA hai kintu vAstava meM dharma mukti kA hI hetu hai, usase bandhana nahIM hotA / puNya bandhana hai, isalie heya hai| nava padArthoM meM jIva aura ajIva jJeya, puNya, pApa, bandha aura Asrava heya tathA saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa-tIna upAdeya haiN| nizcaya dRSTi meM puNya aura pApa donoM heya haiM, phira bhI moha se prabhAvita vyakti puNya ko upAdeya mAnate haiM aura pApa ko heya / paramparA se puNya mokSa kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai, phira bhI vaha na svayaM upAdeya hai aura na usase kucha upAdeya kArya sadhatA hai| pApa bhI mokSa ke parampara kAraNa bana sakate haiN| isIlie yogIndu kahate haiM-'jina kaSToM ke kAraNa jIva meM mukti kI bhAvanA paidA ho, ve kaSTa una sukhoM kI apekSA acche haiM, jo jIva ko viSaya meM pheMsAte haiN|' Atma-darzana kI jijJAsA ko puNya aura pApa donoM pUrNa nahIM kara skte| isa paramArtha-dRSTi se ve donoM samAna haiN| aura kyA puNya kI icchA karane se pApa kA bandha hotA hai ! puNya kI icchA karane vAlA vAstava meM kAma-bhoga kI icchA karatA hai| isalie puNya kI icchA rakhate hue dharmAcaraNa karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| pravartaka aura nivartaka dharma : svarUpa aura phalita ___ rAga-pariNati hiMsA hai, dveSa-pariNati hiMsA hai, vItarAga-pariNati ahiNsaa| hiMsA adharma hai, ahiMsA dharma / rAga-dveSa asaMyama hai, vItarAga bhAva sNym| asaMyama adharma hai, saMyama dhrm| dharma pravRtti-rUpa bhI hotA hai aura nivRtti-rUpa bhii| kevala pravatti hI hiMsA nahIM, nivRtti bhI hiMsA hotI hai| kevala nivRtti hI ahiMsA nahIM, pravRtti bhI ahiMsA hotI hai / Atyantika nivRtti zarIramukta aura karma-mukta dazA meM hotI hai, isase pUrva pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM sApekSa hotI haiN| eka kArya meM pravRtti hotI hai, dUsare se nivRtti ho jAtI hai| rAga-dveSa meM pravRtti hotI hai, vItarAga-bhAva kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai / vItarAga-bhAva meM pravRtti hotI hai, rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti aura vItarAga-bhAva kI nivRttidonoM adharma haiM, asaMyama haiN| vItarAga-bhAva kI pravRtti aura rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti, ye donoM dharma haiM, saMyama haiN| AtmalakSI pravRtti vidhAyaka ahiMsA hai| saMsAralakSI yA para-padArthalakSI pravRtti kI virati niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA hai| dharma kA AdhAra AtmA aura karma hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana 24 / 26 : eyAo paMca samiiyo, caraNassa pavattaNe / guttI niyattaNe vuttA, asubhatthesu svvso||

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ahiMsA tattva darzana AtmA caitanya svarUpa hai aura karma acetana-paudagalika hai| ina donoM kA saMyoga bandhana hai aura viyoga mukti| bandhana ke kAraNa haiM-rAga aura dveSa / nivRtta-AtmA karmoM ko nahIM bAMdhatI / pravRtta AtmA ke ve baMdhate haiN| AtmA kI pravRtti rAga-dveSaprerita hotI hai, taba azubha karma baMdhate haiN| usakI pravRtti rAga-dveSa-aprerita hotI hai, taba nirjarA hotI hai aura zubha karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| jyoM-jyoM saMvara (nivRtti) bar3hatA hai, tyoM-tyoM karma-bandha zithila ho jAtA hai| vaha (saMvara) jaba samagra ho jAtA hai, taba karma-bandha sarvathA ruka jAtA hai, pahale ke karma-bandhana TUTa jAte haiM aura AtmA mukta bana jAtI hai| pravartaka-dharma meM svarga kA jo mahattva hai, vaha nivartaka-dharma meM nhiiN| usameM mukti kA mahattva hai / svarga bhI saMsAra-bhramaNa kA aMga hai| use pA lene para bhI janma-mRtyu kI paramparA samApta nahIM hotii| usakI samApti asaMyamI jIvana aura prANadhAraNAtmaka jIvana ke prati moha-tyAga karane se hotI hai| saMkSepa meM nivartaka-dharma kA svarUpa aura lakSya isa prakAra hai : 1. Atma-svabhAva meM pariNati dhrm| 2. Atma-svabhAva meM pariNata hone kA sAdhana dharma / 3. vahI sAdhana dharma hai jo sAdhakatama ho, anantara ho| 4. dharma kA lakSya-mukti (videh-dshaa)| 5. AtmA aura deha kA saMyoga-pravRtti / 6. zarIronmakhI yA asaMyamonmukhI pravRtti-baMdha hetu / 7. AtmonmukhI yA saMyamonmukhI prvRtti-mokss-hetu| 8. AtmA aura deha kA viyoga-nivRtti / pravartaka dharma kI tulanA meM nivartaka dharma kA phalita rUpa adhyAtmavAda hai| usake phalAphala kI ekamAtra kasauTI ahiMsA aura hiMsA kA vicAra hai| pravartaka-dharma kA phalita rUpa haimaanvtaavaad| usakI phalAphala nirNAyaka dRSTi ahiMsA aura hiMsA kI apekSA mAnava-sevA para adhika nirbhara hai| nivartaka-dharma prANImAtra samabhAvI hai, isalie vaha saba sthitiyoM meM mAnava ko 1. zubha-pravRtti moha karma kA kSAyika yA kSAyopazamika bhAva hotA hai, isalie pradhAnatayA isase karmoM kI nirjarA (vilaya) hotI hai| aura gauNa rUpa meM isake sahacArI nAma karma ke udaya se puNya kA bandha hotA hai| 2. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 15 / 22-24

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ahiMsA tattva darzana sarvopari mahattva nahIM detaa| pravartaka-dharma meM mAnava ke sAmane aura saba gauNa hote hai| donoM kA udgama eka nahIM hai| inameM svarUpa, lakSya aura sAdhanA kA maulika bheda hai| dharma kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tIna prakAra ke vyavasAya batalAe haiM(1) laukika, (2) vaidika, (3) sAmayika / laukika vyavasAya ke tIna bheda haiM-dharma, artha aura kAma / yahAM dharma zabda kA artha hai-samAja-kartavya / artha aura kAma jaise laukika hote haiM, vaise yaha dharma bhI laukika hai| mokSa-dharma ke tIna bheda-jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-sAmayika vyavasAya ke antargata kie haiN| samAja-kartabya ke lie 'laukika dharma' zabda kA prayoga vaidika sAhitya meM bhI huA hai| manusmRti meM jAti-dharma, vaizya-dharma, kula-dharma, dezadharma, rAjya-dharma Adi aneka prakAra ke dharma batAe haiN| pramANa mImAMsA meM Apta yAnI vizvAsI puruSa ke do bheda haiM-laukika aura lokottara / paurANika sAhitya meM bhakti tIna prakAra kI batAI hai-laukika, vaidika aura AdhyAtmika / AdhyAtmika bhakti ko hI 'parAbhakti' mAnA hai / laukika gAya ke ghI, dUdha aura dahI, ratna, dIpa, kuza, jala, candana, mAlA, vividha dhAtuoM tathA padArthoM se kalita, agara kI sugandha se yukta evaM ghI aura guggula se bane hue dhUpa, AbhUSaNa, svarNa aura ratna Adi se nirmita hAra, nRtya, vAdya aura saMgIta, saba prakAra ke jaMgalI phala-phUloM kA upahAra tathA bhakSya, bhojyAdi naivedya arpaNa karake manuSya brahmAjI ko uddiSTa kara jo pUjA karatA hai, vaha laukika bhakti mAnI gaI hai| vaidika Rg Adi veda-maMtroM kA japa, saMhitAoM kA adhyApana Adi kArya brahmAjI ke uddezya se kie jAte haiM, vaha vaidika bhakti hai| 1. sthAnAMga 3 / 3 / 184 2. vahI, 3 / 3 : logie vavasAe tivihe pannate, taMjahA-atthe, dhamme, kaame| 3. vahI, 3 / 3 : sAmayie vavasAe tivihe pannate, taMjahA-NANe, daMsaNe, critte| 4. manusmRti 841

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 65 AdhyAtmika isake do bheda haiM-sAMkhyaja aura yogaja / sAMkhyaja-saMkhyApUrvaka prakRti aura puruSa ke tattva ko ThIka-ThIka jAnanA / yogaja-prANAyAmapUrvaka dhyAna, indriyoM kA saMyama aura mana ko samasta indriyoM ke viSayoM se haTAkara brahma-svarUpa kA cintana krnaa| yahI brahmAjI ke prati 'parAbhakti' mAnI gaI hai| sthAnAMga meM dasa prakAra ke dharma batAe haiM: 1. grAma-dharma-gAMva kA AcAra yA vyavasthA athavA viSaya-bhoga kI abhilaassaa| 2. nagara-dharma-nagara kI vyvsthaa| 3. rASTra-dharma-rASTra kI vyavasthA / 4. pAkhaNDa-dharma-zramaNoM kA aacaar| 5. kula-dharma-kula kI vyavasthA / 6. gaNa-dharma-gaNa kI vyavasthA / 7. saMgha-dharma-saMgha kI vyavasthA / 8. zruta-dharma / 6. caaritr-dhrm| 10. astikaay-dhrm| inameM Atma-saMzodhaka dharma ke sivA gAMva, nagara, rASTra Adi ke AcAra, vyavasthA Adi ko dharma kahA gayA hai| yazastilakacampU meM somadevasari dharma ke do bheda mAnate haiM -laukika aura lokottara / indranaMdI-saMhitA meM bhI dharma ke laukika aura lokottara-ye do bheda mAne haiN| bAhya-zuddhi ke lie laukika aura Abhyantara-zuddhi ke lie lokottara dharma batAyA hai| dazavakAlika niyukti meM gamya-dharma, pazu-dharma, puravara-dharma, grAma-dharma, goSThI-dharma, gaNa, rAjya Adi ke dharma ko laukika dharma kahA __cAra puruSArtha meM dharma aura mokSa alaga-alaga hai| ve dharma ke do rUpa loka-dharma aura mokSa-dharma kI ora saMketa jatAte haiN| lokamAnya tilaka ne gItA-rahasya (pR0 64-66) meM isakA sundara vivecana kiyA hai| usakA kucha aMza isa prakAra hai: --'rAjadharma, dezadharma, prajAdharma, kuladharma, jAtidharma, mitradharma ityAdi 1. padmapurANAMka (sRSTi-khaNDa), puSkara tIrtha kI mahimA, pR0 78 2. sthAnAMga 10760

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ahiMsA tattva darzana sAMsArika bandhanoM ko bhI dharma kahate haiN|' -~-'pAralaukika dharma ko mokSa-dharma athavA sirpha aura vyAvahArika dharma athavA kevala nIti ko kevaladharma kahA karate haiN| mahAbhArata meM dharma zabda aneka sthAnoM para AyA hai aura jisa sthAna meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI ko koI kAma karanA dharma-saMgata hai, usa sthAna meM dharma se kartavya-zAstra athavA tatkAlIna samAjavyavasthA zAstra kA hI artha pAyA jAtA hai tathA jisa sthAna meM pAralaukika kalyANa ke mArga batalAne kA prasaMga AyA hai, usa sthAna para arthAta zAntiparva ke uttarArddha meM mokSadharma isa viziSTa zabda kI yojanA kI gaI hai|' ___ 'jaina dharma aura varNa-vyavasthA' (pR0 11) meM paMDita phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI ne likhA hai -'dharma zabda mukhyatayA do arthoM meM vyavahRta hotA hai-eka vyakti ke jIvana-saMzodhana ke artha meM, jise hama Atma-dharma kahate haiM aura dUsarA samAja-kartavya ke artha meM / manusmRtikAra ne ina donoM arthoM meM dharma zabda kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve samAja-kartavya ko varNa-dharma aura dUsare ko sAmAnya dharma kahate haiN|' kistUrasAvajI jaina ne dharma ke do rUpa batAte hue likhA hai-'kartavya kA hI dUsarA nAma dharma hai| dharma do prakAra kA hai-eka ko mokSa-dharma yA nizcaya-dharma kahate haiM aura dUsare ko vyavahAra-dharma yA zrAvaka-dharma kaha sakate haiN| pahale dharma kA Adarza viziSTa dhyeya yA svAbhAvika pada kI prApti hai / dUsare kA Adarza yaha hai ki hameM saMsAra meM kyA karanA cAhie va hama kyA kara sakate haiN| samAja meM hamArA sthAna kyA hai va hameM apane uttaradAyitva ko kisa taraha nibhAnA caahie|' DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne dharma zabda ke aneka artha-prayoga batAte hue likhA hai-'isa taraha ke rIti-rivAja, jo sAmAjika yA rAjakIya kAnUna kI haisiyata rakhate haiM, bahuta taraha ke ho sakate haiM, jinheM deza-dharma, kula-dharma kahA gayA hai| pezevara logoM ke saMgaThana ko usa samaya zreNI aura yuga bhI kahate the aura unake vyavahAra zreNI-dharma yA yuga-dharma kahalAte the| manu aura yAjJavalakya ke dharma-zAstroM meM evaM kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM rAjA ko hidAyata dI gaI hai ki vaha isa taraha ke alaga-alaga dharmoM yA rivAja meM Ane vAle amala dastUroM ko mAnyatA de / dharma zabda kA yaha artha lagabhaga kAnUna jaisA hai|' AcArya nAgasena ne dharma-dhyAna kI vyAkhyA meM dharma zabda ke aneka artha kie haiM : 1. AtmA kA nirmoha pariNAma / 2. vstu-svruup| 3. vstu-yaathaatmy| 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakA saMdeza, anekAnta varSa 8, aMka 67

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 4. kSamA Adi uttama guNa / DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ke anusAra bhAratavarSa meM eka ora dharma zabda kA artha hotA hai-- 'kaThora saMyama ke dhArI mahAtmAoM ke anubhava aura dUsarI ora una AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ke anuyAyI samAja kA patha-pradarzana karane vAle vyAvahArika niyama / arthAt dharma ke do rUpa haiM - eka saiddhAntika yA AdhyAtmika aura dUsarA vyAvahArika yA sAmAjika / " sAMkhya darzana meM bhI aisI vyavasthA mAnya huI hai / bauddha pravacana meM dharma zabda bauddha-darzana meM dharma zabda ina tIna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai : 1. sva - lakSaNa dhAraNa / 2. kugati - gamana - vidhAraNa / 3. pAMcagatika saMsAra-gamana - vidhAraNa / pahale meM sAsrava aura anAsrava sabhI kArya dharma kahalAte haiM / isakI vastusvabhAva dharma ke sAtha tulanA hotI hai / 67 dUsare meM 'daza kuzala' ko dharma kahA gayA hai / tIsare meM dharma kA artha hai - nirvANa | azvaghoSa ne dharma kI dvividhatA ko spaSTa zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai 'uttiSTha bhoH kSatriya ! mRtyubhIta ! varasva dharmaM tyaja mokSadharmam / ' yahAM buddha ko mokSa-dharma ko chor3a kSAtra dharma ko svIkAra karane kI preraNA dI jA rahI hai / gItA meM jAti-dharma, kula-dharma Adi prayoga milate haiM / arjuna ne dharma kA prayoga rIti-rivAja ke artha meM kiyA hai|' kRSNa ne dharma kA prayoga kartavya ke artha meM kiyA hai / manusmRti meM daNDa ko dharma kahA gayA hai : daNDaH zAsti prajAH sarvAH, daNDa evAbhirakSati / daNDaH supteSu jAgati, daNDaM dharmaM vidurbudhAH // maharSi pANini ne dharma ke do artha prastuta kie haiM-- nIti-dharma aura vidhi dharma | 1. paramAtma prakAza kI prastAvanA, pR0 100 2. sAMkhyadarzana 5 / 25, sAMkhyakArikA 23, mAThara vRtti / 3. gItA 1 / 43 4. vahI, 2 / 32,33 5. manusmRti 7 / 18

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 'dharma carati dhArmikaH'- yahAM dharma zabda kA prayoga nIti-dharma ke artha meM hai| zulkazAlA para cuMgI lagatI thI, use dharmya kahA jAtA thA-'zulkazAlAyA dhayaM zaulkazAlikam'--yahAM dharma zabda kA prayoga vidhi-dharma ke artha meM hai| sthAnAMga meM dasa prakAra ke zramaNa-dharma kA ullekha milatA hai| ve Atma-dharma ke vibhinna rUpa haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM1. kSamA 6. satya 2. mukti 7. saMyama-tyAga 3. Arjava 8. brahmacarya 4. mArdava 6. AkiMcanya 5. lAghava 10. zauca manusmRti meM bhI dasa prakAra ke dharma ullikhita haiM1. dhRti 6. indriya-nigraha 2. kSamA 7. dhI 3. dama 8. vidyA 4. asteya 6. satya 5. zauca 10. akrodha saMkSepa meM Atma-dharma ke do prakAra haiM-zruta aura caaritr| zrata aura cAritra aikAntika aura Atyantika sukha ke nizcita upAya haiM, isalie nirupacarita dharma haiM / sAmAjika sukha ke artha meM dharma zabda upacarita hai| Atma-dharma aura loka-dharma saMyama aura tapasyA, ye donoM Atma-dharma haiN| athavA aise kahanA cAhie ki munidharma Atma-dharma hai| muni Atma-dharma ke lie pravajita hotA hai| gRhastha kA Atmadharma muni-dharma kA hI aMga hai| vaha usase pRthak nahIM hai| aNuvrata mahAvrata kI hI sthUla ArAdhanA hai| Atma-dharma mokSa kI sAdhanA hai aura loka-dharma vyavahAra kA maarg| mokSa kI sAdhanA meM vizvAsa nahIM karate, unake lie Atma-dharma aura loka-dharma-aise do vibhAga Avazyaka nahIM hote| kintu jo AtmavAdI haiM, saMsAra se mokSa kI ora pragati karanA, bandhana se mukti kI ora jAnA jinakA lakSya hai, ve saMsAra aura mokSa kI sAdhanA kA viveka kie binA cala hI nahIM skte| muni kevala Atma-dharma kI 1. sthAnAMga 10713 2. manusmRti 6 / 62

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ahiMsA tattva darzana sAdhanA lie calate haiM / gRhastha samAja kI zrRMkhalA se baMdhA huA hotA hai, isalie vaha kevala Atma-dharma kA pAlana karane vAlA hI nahIM hotA, vaha loka-dharma kI maryAdAoM ko bhI nibhAtA hai| kumAra RSabha ke vivAha kA prasaMga dekhie / AcArya jinasena likhate haiM' : pazyan pANigRhItyau te, nAbhirAjaH sanAbhibhiH / samaM samatuSat prAyaH, lokadharmapriyo janaH / / 'mahArAja nAbhirAja apane parivAra ke logoM ke sAtha donoM putra baMdhuoM ko dekhakara bhArI santuSTa hue, so ThIka hI hai / kyoMki saMsArI janoM ko vivAha Adi loka-dharma hI priya hotA hai / ' kumAra RSabha se vivAha karane ke lie prArthanA karate samaya kahA jAtA haiprajAsantatyavicchede, tanute dharmasaMtatiH / manuSva mAnavaM dharmaM, tato devemamacyutaH // 'prajA kI saMtati kA uccheda nahIM hone para dharma kI saMtati bar3hatI rahegI, isalie he deva ! manuSyoM ke isa avinAzika vivAha rUpI dharma ko avazya hI svIkAra kIjie / ' devemaM gRhiNAM dharmaM viddhi dAraparigraham / 7 santAnarakSaNe yatnaH, kAryo hi gRhamedhinAm // 1564 'he deva ! Apa isa vivAha - kArya ko gRhasthoM kA eka dharma smjhie| kyoMki gRhasthoM ko saMtAna kI rakSA meM prayatna avazya hI karanA caahie|" isa prasaMga meM Ae hue loka-dharma, mAnava-dharma aura gRhi dharma - tInoM zabda dhyAna dene yogya haiM / bahudhA kahA jAtA hai-- Atma-dharma aura loka-dharma, aise do bheda terApaMtha ke AcAryoM ne - vizeSataH AcArya zrI tulasI ne kie haiN| unheM AcArya jinasena (jo vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI meM ho cuke haiM) ke zabdoM para dhyAna denA caahie| koI bhI jainAcArya vivAha ko dharma nahIM mAnate / loka dRSTi se vaha burA kArya bhI nahIM hai, isalie use loka-dharma kahA gayA hai / AcArya hemacandra ise vyavahAra- patha kahate haiM I * tathApi nAtha ! lokAnAM, vyavahArapatho'pi hi / tvayaiva, mokSavartmeva, samyak prakaTayiSyate // 1. mahApurANa 157 2. vahI 15 / 63 3. vahI 15 / 64 4. triSaSThizalAkA puruSacarita 1 / 2 / 763, 764 EE

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100 ahiMsA tattva darzana tallokavyavahArAya, pANigraha-mahotsavam / vidhIyamAna bhavatecchAmi nAtha ! prasIda me // zrImada rAjacandra ne Atma-hita kI aura zarIra-hita kI bar3e mArmika zabdoM meM vizleSaNA kI hai| mahAtmAjI ne unase pUchA ki "sarpa kATane Ae to usa samaya hameM sthira rahakara use kATane denA ucita hai yA mAra DAlanA ?" zrImad rAjacandra ne uttara diyA-'isa prazna kA maiM uttara dUM ki sarpa ko kATane do to bar3I samasyA Akara upasthita hotI hai| tathApi tumane jaba yaha samajhA hai ki 'zarIra anitya hai' yo phira isa asAra zarIra kI rakSArtha use mAranA kyoM ucita ho sakatA hai, jisakI ki zarIra meM prIti hai, moha-buddhi hai ?' ___ 'jo Atmahita ke icchuka haiM, unheM to yahI ucita hai ki ve zarIra se moha na kara use sarpa ke adhIna kara deN| aba tuma yaha pUchoge ki jise Atmahita na karanA ho, use kyA karanA cAhie? to usake lie yahI uttara hai ki use narakAdi kugatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karanA caahie| use yaha upadeza kaise diyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha sarpa ko mAra ddaale| anArya vRtti ke dvArA sarpa ke mArane kA upadeza kiyA jAtA hai, para hameM to yahI icchA karanI cAhie ki aisI vRtti svapna meM bhI na ho|' adhyAtma-dharma aura loka-dharma kA pRthakkaraNa AcArya bhikSa ne jo daSTikoNa diyA usameM samasyAoM kA bauddhika samAdhAna sannihita hai| isalie ve sahI artha meM dharmakrAnti ke mahAn sUtradhAra the| samAjadhAraNA ke aura Atma-sAdhanA ke dharma ko eka mAnane ke kAraNa jo jaTila sthitiyAM paidA hotI haiM, unakA sahI samAdhAna inakA pRthakkaraNa hI hai| Aja kA buddhivAdI varga isa vibhAjana ko bar3I saralatA se mAnya karatA hai| paM0 lakSmaNa zAstrI takatIyaM ne zrI hR0 kR0 mohinI ke isa pRthakatAvAdI siddhAnta ko svIkAra karate hue likhA hai-"isa baMTavAre ko hama bhI pasanda karate haiN| dharma arthAt samAja-dhAraNa ke niyama athavA sAmAjika jIvana ke kaanuun-kaayde| ye kAyade samAja-saMsthA ke prANa hote haiN| ye hI kAyade jaiminI kA kahA huA codanA-lakSaNa dharma hai| isalie pUrva-mImAMsA samAja-dhAraNAzAstra hai| AtmA, Izvara, svarga aura mokSa kA vicAra karatA hai| uttara-mImAMsA adhyAtmazAstra hai| adhyAtma vaiyaktika hotA hai aura dharma sAmAjika / yajJa-saMskAra, varNAzrama dharma samAja-dhAraka dharma hai| samAja-dhAraNAzAstra aura adhyAtma-zAstra-una donoM kI pUrI phArakhatI ho jAnI caahie|"1 mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI rASTra kI nIti yA vyavasthA ko dharma kA cogA nahIM pahanAte 1. hindU dharma samIkSA, pR070

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 101 the| unhoMne 'harijana' meM likhe eka lekha meM batAyA hai-"yadi maiM tAnAzAha hotA to dharma aura rASTra ko alaga-alaga kara detaa| maiM zapatha ke sAtha kaha sakatA hUM ki dharma ke lie marane ko taiyAra hUM, parantu yaha merA vyaktigata mAmalA hai| isakA rASTra se koI sambandha nahIM hai|" eka pracAraka mitra (pAdarI) ke prazna ke uttara meM yaha vicAra mahAtmA gAMdhI dvArA prakaTa kiyA gyaa| ukta mitra pAdarI ne prazna kiyA thA ki kyA svataMtra bhArata meM pUrNa dhArmika staMtratA hogI? aura kyA dharma-rASTra Apake svAsthya, yAtAyAta, videza sambandhI mudrA Adi aneka bAtoM kI dekhabhAla karegA aura kyA mere yA Apake dharma kI dekhabhAla nahIM karegA? dharma zabda ke prayogoM kI jaTilatA ke kAraNa hI mokSa-dharma kA lakSaNa lokadharma se bhinna karanA pdd'aa| thor3e meM vaha hai-AtmA kA vItarAga-bhAva yA bhaavvishuddhi|

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dvitIya khaNDa

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AcArya bhikSu kauna the? Aja se lagabhaga pandraha varSa pahale maiMne 'ahiMsA' nAmaka eka pustaka likhI thii| usameM terApaMtha ke ahiMsA viSayaka dRSTi-bindu kA thor3e meM vivecana hai| vaha pustaka jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI sabhA cAr3avAsa dvArA prakAzita huI / pUnamacandajI siMdhI ne mahAtmA gAMdhI ke nijI saciva pyArelAlajI ko terApaMtha sAhitya kI kaI pustakeM diiN| unameM eka vaha bhI thii| mahAtmAjI ne unameM se kitanI pustakeM par3hIM, yaha patA nhiiN| do pustakeM par3hIM, yaha nizcita hai| unameM eka hai AcAryazrI tulasI kI 'azAnta vizva ko zAnti kA saMdeza' aura dUsarI hai 'ahiNsaa'| inheM kevala par3hA hI nahIM, par3hane ke sAtha-sAtha ve apane vicAra aMkita bhI karate gae ! 'ahiMsA' (pR0 16) meM mahAtmAjI ne likhA-'AcArya bhikSu kauna the ?' isa jijJAsA kA sambandha sthUla zarIradhArI bhikSu se nahIM kintu ahiMsA ke sUkSmAnveSI AcArya bhikSu se thaa| AcArya bhikSu ahiMsA ke advitIya bhASyakAra hue haiN| ahiMsA ke vibhinna pahaluoM para unhoMne jisa kuzAgratA ke sAtha anusaMdhAna kiyA, vaha ahiMsA jagat ke lie gaurava kI bAta hai| unake saphala manthana se nikale ratna Aja bhI chipe par3e haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai, kaI vyakti mUla taka pahuMce binA usakI bAharI jhAMkI se hI saMdigdha hue haiN| unheM samajhanA cAhie ki samudra kA rUpa yahI nahIM hai, jo Upara se dIkha rahA hai| vaha ratnAkara hai, Upara se bhale hI zaivAla kA puMja diikhe| __ hamAre asaMkhya kSetroM meM asaMkhya AcArya hue haiN| unakI hameM asaMkhya dena haiN| unase asaMkhya dRSTiyA~ hameM milI haiN| jisa samaya jina AcAryoM ko jo truTiyAM lagIM, unhIM para unhoMne pramukha prahAra kiyaa| isakA artha yahI nahIM hotA ki dUsarI dRSTiyAM ekAntataH sahI nahIM haiN| hama unake dRSTi-binduoM kI upaja, usake sAdhana aura AkAra-prakAroM ko samajhe binA unakI maulikatA taka nahIM pahuMca skte| yahI kAraNa hai ki hama eka-dUsare ke apavAda-prativAda meM laga jAte haiN|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana syAdvAdI athavA samanvayavAdI ke lie yaha ulajhana nahIM honI caahie| merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki hama draSTA kI mImAMsana-bhUmikA ko samajha leM to kama-se-kama unake prati anyAya karane se baca sakate haiN| __ AcArya bhikSu kI ahiMsA ke garbha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA bala thaa| ve dharma aura dayA-dAna ke nAma para poSita duSpravRttiyoM ke kaTu pariNAmoM ko anubhava kara sUkSma cintana meM lage, lage rahe, samUcA jIvana usI sAdhanA meM lgaayaa| ahiMsA, dharma, dayA aura dAna para bar3e-bar3e maulika grantha likhe| unhoMne dekhA ki dharma ke asalI svarUpa ko na samajha usake bAharI raMga-rUpa para mara miTane vAle zraddhAluoM ko tIkhe bANoM ke binA jagAne kA dUsarA koI mArga nahIM hai| unhoMne 'anukampA' zIrSaka grantha likhA / usake dvArA aise tIkhe bANa chor3e ki dayA-dAna kA sthitipAlaka varga hila utthaa| unakA krAntikArI sudhAraka rUpa vidroha kA jhaNDA lie hue thaa| vaha tUphAna ke rUpa meM sAmane aayaa| unhoMne kahA-dayA dharma hai, dAna dharma hai, sevA dharma hai, parantu ye amaryAdita dharma nahIM haiN| inakI maryAdA ko samajho, antara parakha kro| dharma-adharma dRSTi-sApekSa hai / eka sAmAjika vyakti ke lie jo dharma hotA hai, vaha Atma-sAdhaka mumukSu ke lie dharma nahIM bhI hotaa| samAja-saMsthA aura rAjya-saMsthA kI samUcI kArya-praNAlI dharma se anumodita ho hI nahIM sktii| isIlie samAja-dharma Atma-dharma se bhinna hai| samAja-dharma kA uddezya jahAM sAmAjika sukha-suvidhA hai, vahAM Atma-dharma kA uddezya hai-zarIramukti / samAja-dharma aura Atma-dharma kA ekIkaraNa karane meM tambAkU aura ghI ke sammizraNa kI-sI bhUla hai| samAja kI bhUmikA ko vizuddha rakhane ke lie usa para Atma-dharma kA niyantraNa Avazyaka hai, kintu vaha Atma-dharma hI hai, yaha galata dRSTikoNa hai| sAmAjika sahayoga ke sthAna para apane sAmAjika bhAiyoM ko bhikhArI aura dayA ke pAtra banAnA sAmAjika aparAdha bhI hai| AcArya bhikSa kA yaha krAnti-ghoSa sahA nahIM gayA, logoM ko nayA hI nahIM, aTapaTA lgaa| virodha kI bAr3ha AyI, phira bhI ve apane patha se haTe nhiiN| unheM mRtyu kA bhaya nahIM thA, pUjA-pratiSThA kI kAmanA nahIM thii| jo sahI lagA use apnaayaa| yahI unake viSaya meM jayAcArya kI 'maraNa dhAra zuddha maga gahyo' vAlI ukti caritArtha hotI hai| siMha-puruSa AcArya bhikSu (jIvana-jhAMko) ___ ahiMsA AtmA ko pakhAratI hai| sacAI usakA teja bar3hAtI hai| jahAM ye nahIM, vahAM vyaktitva hI nahIM, dharma to dUra kI baat| jana-kalyANa bAda meM, pahale honA

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 107 cAhie-Atma-kalyANa-apanA shodhn| Atma-zodhaka hI dUsaroM ko ubAra sakatA hai| ___ AcArya bhizru eka-eka dharma ko parakhate hue calate cale / varSoM kI parakha aura sAdhanA ke bAda ve terAMpatha ke adhinAyaka ke rUpa meM dharma-kSetra meM cmke| AghAtapratyAghAta ke bha~vara meM ruke binA avyAhata gati se bar3he cle| ve vaidya bne| sAdhu-samudAya kI nAr3I phcaanii| anAcAra kI dhurI tor3ane unakA dila krAnti se udvelita ho utthaa| ve vidroha ke svara meM bole / yuga kI tahoM meM chipI burAI bAhara A pdd'ii| mana bAMdhane kI vRtti se ve sadA khisiyAe rhe| ziSyoM kI jAgIradArI prathA ko tor3ane ke lie Aga uglii| dhana aura ghara bAMdha baiThane vAle sAdhuoM para tIkhe bANa pheNke| Apasa meM jhagar3ane vAle sAdhuoM kI ThagI vRtti kI jar3a kATate rahe / khAna-pAna ke lAlacI aura aizo-ArAma meM phaMse sAdhuoM kI kamajoriyoM para unakI loha lekhanI ne nirAle DhaMga kA prahAra kiyA / unakI do racanAeM-(1) sAdhAM rai AcAra rI caupaI' aura (2) 'zraddhA rI caupaI' par3ha jaaie| unakI krAnti kI cinagAriyAM AcAra-zaithilya ko dhuAM karatI najara aaeNgii| Apa sahameMge-kaTu padAvalI para, kaTu zabdoM para aura cubhane vAlI gAthAoM pr| ___ ye racanAeM AcArya haribhadra ke yuga kI aura unakI krAnta-kRti 'saMbodha-prakaraNa' kI smRti sahasA lA detI haiN| caityavAsiyoM kI AcAra DhilAI para unhoMne jo rukha liyA, usase hajAra gunA rUkhA rukha AcArya bhikSu ne apanAyA / AcArya bhikSu jitane krAntadarzI the, utane hI nahIM, usase aura adhika zAntadarzI the / unakI vItarAga kI-sI kSamA patthara-dila ko pighalAne vAlI thii| burAI ke sAtha ve jIvana-bhara jUjhate rhe| para vyakti kA prema unhoMne kabhI nahIM khoyA / pratidvandviyoM ke sAtha bhI unakA sneha-bharA vyavahAra thaa| unhoMne apane anazanakAla meM vicAra-bheda rakhane vAloM se kSamA mAMgI / jAna yA anajAna meM hue-kaTu vyavahAra kI AlocanA kii| taba virodhI kahalAne vAloM kI AMkheM bhI DabaDabA aayiiN| unake hRdaya meM prANI mAtra ke prati samatA kA bhAva thaa| bar3oM ke lie choToM kI hiMsA ko dharma mAnane ke lie ve kabhI taiyAra nahIM hue| unake mastiSka meM dAna aura dayA kI maryAdA kA pUrA vivecana thaa| loga unake siddhAntoM kI tor3a-maror3a karate rahe, cUhe-billI jaisI bhrAmika ApattiyAM uThAI, dharma-saMkaTa ke praznoM dvArA janatA ko uttejita kiyA, phira bhI ve apane vizvAsa para aTala rhe| zAnta-bhAva se janatA ko tathya batAte rhe| unakA ahiMsA, dAna aura dayA sambandhI dRSTikoNa loka-dhAraNA se bhinna thaa| unhoMne batAyA-adhyAtma-dayA vaha hai, jisameM rAga-dveSa, moha Adi na hoN| vahI

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108 ahiMsA tattva darzana dAna Atma-kalyANa kA hetu hai, jo saMyama kA Alambana bane / dharma kA svarUpa AtmasaMyama aura Atma-saMtuSTi hai| bhautika saMtuSTi aura bhautika saMrakSaNa adhyAtma-dharma nahIM hai| eka ora ve AcAra-zithila sAdhu-santoM kI sAmantazAhI ko cunautI de rahe the, dUsarI ora aise vicAra de rahe the, jo loka-mAnasa ke anukUla nahIM the| isalie unheM saMgharSoM kI bAr3ha ko cIrakara calanA pdd'aa| unameM zAnti aura krAnti kA apUrva saMgama thA, isalie ve kucha sahate aura kucha kahate calate rahe / ve kuzala yoddhA the, apane Apase lar3anA jAnate the| unakI kaThora tapasyA aura kaThora caryA ne eka prakAza kI kiraNa pheMkI, vAtAvaraNa badala gayA / aba unake vicAra bhI loka-mAnasa ko khIMcane lge| ve sAdhaka the| sAdhanA ke lie cle| sampradAya calAne aura mata bAMdhane kI lAlasA unheM chu taka nahIM pAyI / ve taba sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke AcAryazrI rughanAthajI se alaga hue, sampradAya calAne ke lie nahIM kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI ke anusAra calane ke lie| mahApuruSa cale vaha mArga bana jAe, yaha eka bAta hai aura mArga calAne ke lie cale, yaha dUsarI bAta / aisA hI huaa| ve cale aura mArga bana gyaa| ve cale kisalie? yaha unhIM ke zabdoM meM par3hie : "AhAra pANI jAca kara sarva sAdhu ujAr3a meM parahA jaavtaa| rUMkhar3A rI chAyAM AhAra pANI mela nai AtApanA letA, AthaNa rA pAchA gAMva meM aavtaa| iNa rIta kaSTa bhogvtaa| karma kaatttaa| mhe yA na jANatA mAro mAraga jamasI ne yuM dIkSA lesI, yuM zrAvaka zrAvikA husii|mhe to vicAratA, AtmA rA kAraja sArasyAM, mara purA desyAM / ima dhAra vicAra nai tapasyA krtaa|" unake sAdhana apane-Apa juTe, unhoMne juTAe nhiiN| unakA mArga terApaMtha khlaayaa| ve 'bhIkhaNajI' isa nAma se hI pahacAne jAte rahe / jodhapura meM eka sevaka kavi ne Apake gaNa ko terApaMtha kI saMjJA dii| usane teraha kI saMkhyA ko lekara vaha nAma pukArA / nAma cala pdd'aa| AcArya bhikSu mevAr3a meM the / unheM isakA patA calA / ve saMkhyA meM koI tattva nahIM dekhate the| unhoMne kahA-'prabho ! terA paMtha hai| maiM isakA eka pathika huuN|' isa prakAra AcArya bhikSu ke saMgha kA nAmakaraNa ho gyaa| pahale ke bhIkhaNajI aba 'terApaMtha bhIkhaNa' kahalAne lge| ziSya-samudAya bar3hane lgaa| sAdhu bane, sAdhviyA~ banIM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM bhI bane / ve apanI gati se calate cle| kaThora anuzAsana aura majabUta saMgaThana ke lie ve apane DhaMga ke akele hI vyakti the / unakI divya-dRSTi aura zuddhanIti se saMgha kI AtmA balavAn bana gaI / solaha varSa kI anubhava-parIkSA ke bAda unhoMne bhAramalajI

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 106 ko apanA uttarAdhikArI cunA / taba saMgha kA eka vidhAna bhI likhA / sAdhuoM kA dila liyA aura badale meM ye niyama die / jaise 1. terApaMtha gaNa eka AcArya ke netRtva meM rhe| 2. ziSya saba eka AcArya ke hoN| 3. dIkSA AcArya ke nAma se dI jaae| 4. vihAra, cAturmAsa, dharma-pracAra Adi saba AcArya ke AdezAnusAra kie jaaeN| 5. bhAvI AcArya kA nirvAcana pUrvAcArya kreN| 6. pustakeM saMghapati ke nizrAya meM raheM, aadi-aadi| unake sama-sAmayika sAdhuoM ne bhI aisA hI cAhA aura isa niyamAvalI ko saharSa aMgIkAra kiyaa| sAdhu-saMgha ko AcAra-kuzala rakhane ke lie, ziSya-lolupatA ko apanI mauta marane dene ke lie aisA vidhAna jarUrI thaa| vidhAna kI pRSThabhUmi meM unhoMne anuzAsana kA vAtAvaraNa bnaayaa| ve kavi banakara sAdhuoM ke dila taka pahuMce aura zAsaka bana dimAga para ghuume| unakI zikSAeM aura zAsanAeM amiTa bana gii| unhoMne jo kahA thA--sAdhuo ! sAdhvio ! 1. niyama hRdaya ko sAkSI banAkara pAlo / 2. saMkoca lA koI saMgha meM mata rho| 3. svecchAcArita mata rkho| 4. niyamAnuvartI bno| 5. jo kucha mana meM Ae, vaha AcArya ko kaha do| 6. AcArya kahe vaha mAno, samajhakara yA zraddhA se / 7. AcArya ke kArya-kalApa meM hastakSepa mata kro| 8. Apasa meM heta rkho| 6. AcAra se sambandha rakho, vyakti se nhiiN| 10. kisI meM doSa dekho to tatkAla use jatA do, guru ko jatA do, dUsaroM ko mata kho| 11. bar3oM kA sammAna kro| 12. choToM ke sAtha mRdu vyavahAra kro| 13. dainika kAryoM ko bAMTa lo--bArI se kro| 14. apanI pAMtI kA khAo, pIo, pahano; pAMtI kI jagaha meM baiTho, soo; pAMtI meM santoSa maano|

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110 ahiMsA tattva darzana 15. rogI sAdhu-sAdhvI kI aglAna aura niHsvArtha bhAva se sevA kro| 16. gaNa, gaNI ke sambandha ko puSTa karo / gaNa ke hita ko apanA hita aura ahita ko apanA ahita smjho| 17. gaNa ke kisI bhI aMga kI utaratI mata kro| 18. dalabandI mata kro| 16. yaha gaNa sabakA hai, ise apanA samajho aura apanA-apanA dAyitva nibhaao| 10. guru kI dRSTi ko delakara calo, aadi-aadi| AcArya bhikSu sthitipAlaka nahIM, sudhAraka the| unhoMne parivartana kie aura aise kie, jinake lie itihAsa ke pRSTha khAlI par3e the| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zAsana-vyavasthA meM sAta pada the| paramparA se ve cale A rahe the| ve taba AtmasAdhanA ke poSaka the kintu Aja unakI poSakatA samApta ho calI thii| ve sAdhanApatha ko kaMTIlA banA rahe the| AcArya bhikSu ne sArI cetanA AcArya ko sauMpa dii| sAta hI padoM kA kArya AcArya meM kendrita kara diyaa| ____ apanA-apanA celA banAne kI jo prathA thI, usakI jar3a hI kATa dii| jisatisa ko mUDa celA banAne vAloM kI unhoMne pUrI khabara lii| 'celA karaNa rI calagata UMdhI,' 'vikalAM nai mUMDa kiyA bhelA'-unake ye prasiddha padya Agneya-astra se kama nahIM haiN| ve matavAda aura bAr3AbandI ke ghora virodhI the| matavAda calAne ke lie jo calate haiM, celA paramparA bar3hAte haiM, ve sAdhanA se pare haiM--isa vicAra ko ve AtmA-vizvAsa ke sAtha pracArita karate rhe| AcArya bhikSa ne bAhara se saMgha ko bAMdhA aura antara meM nItiniSTha banA use mukti dii| eka vyakti ne unase pUchA-'prabho! ApakA yaha saMdha kaba taka calegA?' ve bole-'jaba taka sAdhusaMgha kI nIti vizuddha rahegI aura AcAra kuzala rahegA, tava taka saMgha ko AMca bhI Ane vAlI nahIM hai|' ve zuddha vicAra kI AdhArazilA zuddha AcAra ko mAnate the| AcAra zuddha bane binA vicAra zuddha bana nahIM skte| ye hI kAraNa haiM, unhoMne AcAra-zuddhi para adhika bala diyA / unhoMne vidhAna likhA, usakA uddezya batAyA hai-cAritra zuddha pale aura 'nyAya mArga cale', isalie maiMne yaha upAya kiyA hai| ve Adi se aMta taka kaho sAdhu kisakA sagA, tar3ake tor3e neha / AcArI syUM hila mila, aNAcArI nai cheha / / isI vicAra ke poSaka rhe| unhoMne apane jIvana-kAla meM 105 ziSya kie| 37 ziSya alaga ho gae yA kara die gae, phira bhI ve zithila mArga para

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ahiMsA tattva darzana calane ko rAjI nahIM the| ve abhaya the| lokaSaNA unheM kabhI vicalita nahIM kara skii| satya kI sAdhanA meM unakA jIvana biitaa| unheM kaTu satya bhI sudhA-dhUMTa kI taraha pInA par3A kintu ve asatya ke lie satya kI bali karane ko taiyAra nahIM hue| unhoMne moha-anukampA ko dharma nahIM maanaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gozAlaka para mohAnukampA kii| ise ve dharma kaise mAna sakate the? yaha bar3I samasyA thii| bhagavAn bhagavad-dazA meM vInarAga aura saba doSoM se pare hote haiN| sAdhanAkAla meM unameM bhI rAga-dveSa kI pariNati ho sakatI hai kintu sAdhAraNa loga ati-bhaktivaza aisA nahIM suna skte| AcArya bhikSu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke atyanta zraddhAlu the| phira bhI ve cale tattva-vizleSaNa karane, isalie unheM kaTu satya kI kar3avI cUMTa pInI pdd'ii| unhoMne likhA: 'cha lezyA huMtI jada vIra maiM, huMtA ALU hI karma / chadmastha cUkA tiNa samaya, koI mUrakha thApai dharma // ' isa padya ko unake ziSya bhAramalajI svAmI ne dekhaa| ve AcArya bhikSu se kahane lage-'gurudeva ! yaha padya bahuta kaTu hai|' Apane kahA-'asatya to nahIM hai ?' ve bole- 'hai to satya / ' Apa bole- 'satya hai taba rahane do|' logoM meM virodha honA thA so huA hii| isako lekara AcArya bhikSu ko bahuta kucha sahanA pdd'aa| aneka logoM ne AcArya bhikSu ko 'dayA ke virodhI', 'dAna ke virodhI' aura 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ko cUkA batAne vAle' ke rUpa meM phcaanaa| ___yaha unakI sahI pahacAna nahIM hai| unakI pahacAna ke lie hameM kucha gaharAI meM jAnA hogaa| unakA dRSTikoNa samajhanA hogaa| ve ahiMsA ke bahuta bar3e bhASyakAra hue haiN| unhoMne dRSTi dI hai, use hama dharma-saMkaTa ke prazna khar3e kara TAla nahIM sakate / unake dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA-tattva-darzana kA manana kreN| tabhI hama unake kRtajJa bana skeNge| AcArya bhikSu kA adhyAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa terApaMtha kA itihAsa dAna-dayA ke saMgharSa kA itihAsa hai| AcArya bhikSu se lekara Aja taka -do zatAbdiyoM meM yaha viSaya bahuta carcA gayA hai| isakA adhyAtmavAda eka gUr3hA pahelI banA huA hai| mUla tattva taka pahuMcane vAle birale hote haiM / siddhAnta ke bAharI kalevara meM ulajhane vAle sahasA nahIM suljhte| AcArya bhikSu ne batAyA-balAt hiMsA chur3AnA dharma nhiiN| lobha yA lAlaca DAlakara hiMsA chur3AnA dharma nhiiN| jIne kI aura marane kI icchA karanA dharma nhiiN| asaMyama kA poSaNa dharma nhiiN| paudgalika zAnti dharma nhiiN| vAsanA kI pUrti dharma

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112 ahiMsA tattva darzana nhiiN| zArIrika AvazyakatA kI pUrti dharma nhiiN| rAga yA Asakti dharma nhiiN| krodha yA dveSa dharma nhiiN| moha yA ajJAna dharma nhiiN| bar3oM ke lie choToM ko kucala DAlanA dharma nahIM! rAjya dharma nhiiN| samAja dharma nahIM : vyakti dharma nhiiN| jInA dharma nahIM / maranA dharma nhiiN| pAnA dharma nahIM / khonA dharma nhiiN| eka zabda meM preyas dharma nhiiN| aura batAyA zreyas dharma hai / tyAga dharma hai| tapasyA dharma hai / jJAna bar3heAtmA jagamagA uThe, yaha dharma hai| darzana bar3he, zraddhA bar3he, yaha dharma hai| eka zabda meM ahiMsA dharma hai| ahiMsA hI dAna hai, ahiMsA hI dayA hai| sUkSma hiMsA kA bhAva bhI dayA nahIM hai, dAna nahIM hai| koI prANI nahIM maratA, koI anyAya nahIM hotA, na samAja jise burA mAnatA hai aura na rAjya, phira bhI yadi yaha rAga yA moha kI pariNati hai to adhyAtma-darzana ke anusAra vaha hiMsA hai, adharma hai, bandhana hai, azubha karma hai, pApa hai, saMsAra hai, moha hai, Asakti hai, loka-vidhi hai, loka-dharma hai, sAmAjika kartavya hai, laukika rIti-rivAja hai| kintu mokSa kA mArga nahIM hai, sAdhanA kA mArga nahIM hai, mokSa-dharma yA AdhyAtmika-dharma nahIM hai| AcArya bhikSu ne batAyA ki samAja kI AvazyakatAoM ko dharma kI oTa le pUrA karanA doharI bhUla hai| yaha rUr3hivAdI paramparA para talavAra banakara calI / yaha krAnti kA zaMkha sthitipAlakoM ko cunautI dete hue bjaa| AcArya bhikSu ko vidrohI ghoSita kiyA gyaa| ve dAna-dayA ke utthApaka aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI ke ninhava kahalAkara bhI bhagavad-vANI kI saccI upAsanA karane lge| ve krAnti meM khele aura krAnti se juujhe| unakI satya-niSThA, kaThoracaryA, atarya titikSA aura adamya utsAha ne vAtAvaraNa ko badala DAlA / Aja bhI ve prazna nahIM miTe, virodha nahIM miTA, phira bhI AcArya bhikSu kI sAdhanA aura unake ziSyaparamparA ke jAgaraNa kA prabhAva samajhie-hamArA atIta kA krAntikAla Aja zAntikAla banakara cala rahA hai| hameM apane siddhAnta kI sacAI aura sthiratA meM aDiga vizvAsa hai| hameM lagatA hai-yuga hamAre sAtha cala rahA hai| Aja se do zatAbdI pahale AcArya bhikSu ne dharma ko jo vyaktivAdI rUpa diyA thA, vaha rUpa Aja ke samAja-taMtra ko bhI mAnya ho rahA hai| sAmAjika AvazyakatAoM ko sAmAjaki dRSTi se sulajhAne kA prayatna hI Aja taka ke samAja-vikAsa kA sabase antima aura sabase svastha pariNAma hai| vyakti kI pUMjIvAdI manovRtti aura ahaM ko poSaNa dene vAlI dAna-paramparA ke lie Aja kI samAja-vyavasthA meM sthAna nahIM hai| dInabhAva ko janma dene vAlI pravRtti meM aba dharma yA puNya kahalAne kI kSamatA nahIM rahI hai|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana zabda-racanA meM mata ulajhie yaha mata bhUlie, krAnti kI bhASA meM oja hotA hai aura zAnti kI bhASA meM samanvaya / samaya-samaya para bhASA badalatI hai / prayojana lie bhASA badalatI hai / prayoga kA vikAsa hote-hote bhASA badalatI hai / tattva na badale, to bhASA badale aura phira badale, usameM doSa kyA ? kucha bhI nahIM / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha jise vahidAna - viramaNa kahate, use bhagavAn mahAvIra ne abrahma-viramaNa aura parigrahaviramaNa kahA / bhASA jarUra badalI kintu bhAva nahIM bdlaa| ve strI - tyAga aura parigraha - tyAga ko eka mahAvrata mAnakara cale / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unheM do mahAvrata banA DAlA aura donoM ke lie do nae zabda die / 'dharma' zabda kA itihAsa dekhie / jo eka do artha meM vyavahRta hotA thA, vaha Aja pacAsoM artha lie cala rahA hai aura vAda-vivAda kA kendra bana rahA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI meM gati tattva dharma hai to mokSa sAdhanA bhI dharma hai / ve gAMva, nagara kI vyavasthA ko dharma kahate haiM to indriya-vikAroM ko rokane ko bhI dharma kahate haiM / unhoMne sAdhu ke sAtha dharma jor3A to pApa ke sAtha bhI use chor3A nahIM / 113 isa para calie -kyA zabda eka hai, isalie sabakA tattva eka hogA ? dUsarI ora dRSTi DAlie - kyA zabda aneka hone para tattva eka nahIM ho sakatA ? sahI samajhie - apanI- apanI maryAdA meM donoM bAteM banatI haiN| eka zabda anekatA meM A aneka artha banAtA hai aura aneka zabda ekatA meM A eka tattva kI vyAkhyA dete haiM / kaI loga zabda - racanA meM ulajha jAte haiM / vastuvRtyA yaha ulajhana zabda prayoga kA itihAsa aura nikSepa kA tattva na samajhane kA pariNAma hai| mUla tattva kI surakSA honI cAhie / AtmA aura zarIra ko svastha rakhate hue paristhiti ke anusAra veSabhUSA badalane kA adhikAra hai / yaha sabako rahatA hai aura rahegA / vivekazIla uttara-paddhati bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AcArAMga meM batAyA hai-- upadeza karate samaya sAdhu ko dekhanA cAhie, sunane vAle kisa dharma ke anuyAyI haiM ? unake vicAra kaise haiM ? kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI samucita mImAMsA kara phira dharmopadeza denA cAhie / kAraNa sApha hai / sAdhu kA upadeza lAbha ke lie honA cAhie, lAbha vahI AtmakalyANa | sAdhu vaisA upadeza kare jo loga sunanA hI na cAheM, taba lAbha kaise bar3he ? dravya,

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114 ahiMsA tattva darzana isalie jaise-jaise pacA sake, vaise-vaise tattva denA caahie| mUla bAta hai ki tattva ko anyathA kahanA hI nahIM caahie| yathArtha rUpa meM utanA kahanA cAhie, jitanA kahanA avasara ke pratikUla na ho, alAbha na bddh'e| samrATa akabara ne hIravijaya sUrIzvara se pUchA- 'kyA Apa sUraja aura gaMgA ko nahIM mAnate?' taba unhoMne kahA-'hama mAnate haiM, vaisA zAyada dUsare nahIM maante| dekhie-sahaja bAta hai, apane pyAre kA viyoga hone para loga roTI-pAnI taka bhUla jAte haiN| sUraja ke viyoga meM hama pAnI taka nahIM piite| kyA aisA pyAra koI dUsarA karatA hai ? hama gaMgA ke pAnI ko gandA nahIM krte| usameM apanA mala bahAne vAle use adhika mAnate haiM yA hama ?' pIpAr3a meM eka cAraNa bhakta thaa| usakA nAma thA gebiiraam| vaha logoM ko lapasI khilAyA karatA thaa| kucha logoM ne use bhaDakAyA- 'tuma jo lapasI khilAte ho, usameM bhIkhaNajI pApa kahate haiN|' vaha turanta AcArya bhikSu ke pAsa Akara bolA-'bhIkhaNa bAbA ! maiM bhaktoM ko lapasI khilAtA hUM, usameM kyA hotA hai ?' AcArya bhikSu ne kahA- 'lapasI meM kyA DAlate ho?' usane khaa-'gudd'|' taba AcArya bhikSu ne kahA-'jitanA gur3a DAlA jAtA hai, utanA hI mIThA hotA hai|' 'bahuta ThIka, bahuta ThIka'--yaha kahakara vaha calatA bnaa| eka dUsarI ghaTanA lIjie-zobhAcanda nAmaka eka vyakti AcArya bhikSu ke pAsa Akara kahane lagA-'Apa bhagavAn ko utthApate (asvIkAra karate) haiM ?' AcArya bhikSu bole-'hamane bhagavAn kI vANI para ghara chor3A hai, bhalA hama unheM kaise utthA ?' usane kahA-'Apa devAlaya ko utthApate haiM ?' AcArya bhikSu bole- 'devAlayoM kA hajAroM mana patthara hotA hai / hama to sera, do sera bhI nahIM uThAte !' __usane Age phira kahA-'Apane pratimA utthApa dii| pratimA ko patthara kahate taba AcArya bhikSu ne kahA-'hama pratimA ko kyoM utthA ? hameM asatya bolane kA tyAga hai| sone kI pratimA ko sone kI kahate haiM, cAMdI kI pratimA ko cAMdI kI kahate haiM, sarvadhAtu kI pratimA ko sarvadhAtu kI kahate haiM, pASANa kI pratimA ko pASANa kI kahate haiN|' aisA suna usakA Avega zAnta ho gyaa| yaha uttara-paddhati niraMkuza nahIM hai| 'kSetra, kAla ko samajhakara calAnA cAhie'--isa bhagavad-vANI ke sahAre aisI paddhati calatI hai / guru mantra-draSTA hote haiM / ve jAnate haiM-kise, kaba, kisa rUpa meM, kitanA tattva

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 115 denA caahie| sAdhAraNa vyakti ke lie rahasya rahasya hI rahatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA gayA-kyA devoM ko saMyamI kahanA cAhie? bhagavAn bole-nahIM, ve saMyamI nahIM haiN| -kyA unheM saMyamAsaMyamI kahanA cAhie ? - nahIM, unake nAma mAtra kA bhI saMyama nahIM hotaa| ----kyA unheM asaMyamI kahanA cAhie? --nahIM, asaMyamI zabda rUkhA hai-kaThora hai| - to bhagavan ! kyA kahanA cAhie? taba bhagavAn bole-no-saMyamI-saMyamI nahIM hai, aisA kahanA caahie| yaha eka zikSA hai, jo hameM bhASA kA upayoga sikhAtI hai| vaha solaha AnA sahI hai-tattva yathArtha rUpa meM rakhanA caahie| use chipAnA kAyaratA hai| yaha bhI eka mahAn satya hai ki tattva rakhane meM jitanI nirbhIkatA honI cAhie usase kahIM adhika viveka honA cAhie / isIlie AcArya bhikSu ne kahA hai ___ 'sAcI ne sAcI kahaNI nisaMka syUM, te piNa avasara joya / ' tattva-nirUpaNa kA artha yaha hai ki loga smjheN| tattva-nirUpaNa karane vAlA isase pahale hI unheM ubhAra de, yaha viveka nahIM hotaa| guru-tattva-carcA meM kuzala vaidya banakara calate haiN| kuzala vaidya vaha hotA hai, jo rogI kI manaHsthiti para niyaMtraNa pA le / pahale dina hI roga ko ubhArakara vaha rogI kA hita sAdha nahIM sktaa| jaisA saha sake, vaisA karate-karate vaha bhI miTA detA hai aura rogI ko bhI Digane nahIM detaa| jijJAsu yA zrotA ko zabda-prayoga se cauMkAne vAlA tattva AcArya de nahIM sktaa| apavAda kI dazA meM mata socie| viSama sthiti meM vaidya ko bhI pahalI bAra kar3avI bUMTa pilAnI par3atI hai| kintu saba jagaha kar3avI ghuTa pilAne kI bAta sahI nahIM hotii| eka vyakti ne AcArya bhikSu se kahA- 'sUtra meM sAdhu ne jIva rAkhaNAM kahyA / ' taba svAmIjI bole-'e to ThIka hai-chai jyUM rA jyUM rAkhaNA, kiNahInai duHkha deNo nhiiN| AcArya bhikSu kI racanA aura uttara-zailI ke marmajJa yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki ve eka hI bhASA ko TAnakara cale / / unhoMne eka hI tattva ko aneka rUpoM meM rkhaa| praznakartA kI manaHsthiti, yogyatA aura jaisA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva usI ke anusAra ve cle| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dekhie-'kiNa pUchyo-bhIkhaNajI ! koI bakarA maratA nai bacAyA tiNa ne kAMI thayo ? taba svAmI jI ne uttara diyA-jJAna sUM samajhAya ne hiMsA

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116 ahiMsA tattva darzana chor3AyAM to dharma ch|' ___AcArya bhikSu ne sthAna-sthAna para saMsAra ro mArga, loka ro mArga, saMsAra ro upakAra, saMsAra ro kAma, laukika dayA, loka ro chAMdo, mukti dharma nahIM, mokSadharma nahIM Adi-Adi zabdoM kA vyavahAra kiyaa| Aja hama laukika kartavya, laukki upakAra, laukika dayA, laukika dharma, laukika puNya, laukika dAna, Adi-Adi zabdoM kA prayoga karate haiM, unakA AdhAra AcArya bhikSu ke uparyukta zabda prayoga haiM / dayA aura dAna laukika ho sakate haiM, upakAra aura kartavya laukika ho sakate haiM, deva aura guru laukika ho sakate haiM taba dharma aura puNya laukika kyoM nahIM ho sakate? zabda-racanA kI prakriyA zabda kA mUla artha pAne ke lie jaina Agama hameM nirapekSa-vidhi dete haiN| hama prayujyamAna zabda ke dArA kisa artha ko batAnA cAhate haiM, isa vyAvahArika dharma ko spaSTa karanA nirapekSa kA hI kAma hai| loka-dharma zabda kI yojanA jo hameM Agama sUtra aura unake uttaravartI sAhitya meM milatI hai, kA AdhAra nikSepa-paddhati hI hai| laukika-puNya zabda kI racanA kA AdhAra bhI vahI hai| laukika-dharma aura laukikapuNya zabda mana-kalpita yA bhrama meM DAlane vAle nahIM haiN| eka vyakti ne AcArya bhikSu se pUchA-jo sAdhu vrata nahIM pAlate, sAdhu kA veza pahane hue haiM, unheM Apa sAdhu kyoM kahate haiM ? AcArya bhikSu ne uttara dete hue kahA- jo sAdhupana nahIM nibhAtA kintu sAdhu kA nAma dharAtA hai vaha dravya nikSepa kI dRSTi se sAdhu hI khlaaegaa|' dharma zabda ke nikSepa karate calie-(1) nAma-dharma, (2) sthApanA-dharma, (3) dravya-dharma, bhaav-dhrm| dravya-dharma ke do bheda hote haiM--jJAta-zarIra-dharma aura bhavya-zarIra-dharma / no AgamataH dravya-dharma tadvyatirikta kahalAtA hai| isa (noAgamataH-tadvyatirikta-dravya-dharma) ke tIna bheda hote haiM -(ka) laukika dharma, (kha) kupravAcanika dharma aura (ga) lokottara dhrm| bhAva-dharma ke do bheda hote haiMAgamata: bhAva-dharma aura no-Agamata:-bhAva-dharma / no-AgamataH-bhAva-dharma ke tIna bheda hote haiM -laukika dharma, kupravAcanika dharma aura lokottara dharma / isa zabda-racanA ke lie anuyoga dvAra kA nikSepa prakaraNa draSTavya hai / sUtrakRtAMga kI niyukti aura vRtti meM dharma zabda ke nikSepa isa prakAra haiM___ 'dharma ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva-ye cAra nikSepa hote haiM / 2 nAma, 1. bhikSu-dRSTAMta 18 2. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti 66-101

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ahiMsA tattva darzana sthApanA ko chor3a deN| dravya-dharma ke tIna bheda haiM-jJa-zahIra, bhavya zarIra aura tadvyatirikta / tad-vyatirikta ke tIna bheda haiM-sacitta, acitta, aura mizra jIvaccharIra kA jo lakSaNa hai upayoga, vaha sacitta dravya-dharma hai| acitta kA jo svabhAva hai, vaha acitta dravya-dharma hai| mizra dravya-dUdha-pAnI kA jo svabhAva hai, vaha mizra dravya-dharma hai| gRhasthoM kA jo kula, nagara, grAma Adi kA dharma hai athavA gRhasthoM kA gRhasthoM ko dAna-dharma hai, vaha dravya-dharma hai| bhAva-dharma ke do bheda hote haiM-(1) laukika, (2) lokottara / laukika ke do bheda haiM-(1) gRhastha-dharma, (2) paakhnndd-dhrm| lokottara dharma ke tIna bheda haiMjJAna, darzana, caaritr| yaha dharma hI paramArtha dRSTi se dharma hai| yahI bhAva-samAdhi aura bhAva-mArga hai| dharma ke do bheda haiM-zruta aura cAritra athavA isake kSamA Adi dasa bheda haiN| bhAva-samAdhi kA rUpa bhI aisA hI hai| vAstava meM jJAna, darzana, caritrAtmaka mukti-mArga hI bhAva-dharma hai|' puNya zabda para bhI nikSepa karate-karate hameM laukika puNya, kuprAvacanika puNya aura lokottara puNya aisI racanA karanI hogii| dharma aura puNya kA hI kyA, jitane bhI sArthaka zabda haiM, una sabake lie yaha prakriyA hai| isake AdhAra para laukika Avazyaka, laukika sAmAyika; laukika maMgala, laukika vinaya, laukika sevA, laukika upakAra, laukika dAna, laukika dayA Adi zabda-bhaNDAra kI sRSTi hotI hai aura ye saba vizeSaNa-zabda apanA abhipreta artha batAne kI pUrI kSamatA rakhate haiN| vizleSaNa kA mArga syAdvAdI ke lie-satyamArgI ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha syAdvAda ke sahAre vastu-sthiti kA vizleSaNa kre| yaha kUTanIti yA ulajhana kA mArga nahIM hotA kintu yaha dRSTi ko udAra banAne vAlA mArga hai| parivrAjaka zukadeva ne muni thAvaccA-putra ko pUchA-kulathA bhakSya hai yA abhakSya ? muni ne kahA-bhakSya bhI hai aura abhakSya bhii| kuthalA ke do artha hote haiM-eka anAja aura dUsarA strii| strI kulathA abhakSya hai| anAja kulathA sacitta aura acitta do prakAra kA hotA hai| sacitta kulathA abhakSya hai / acitta kulathA bhI do prakAra hotA hai-pAcita aura apaacit| apAcita abhakSya hai| pAcita do prakAra hotA hai- aneSaNIya aura eSaNIya aneSaNIya abhakSya hai| eSaNIya do prakAra kA hotA hai-alabdha aura labdha / labdha bhakSya hai|' 1. jJAtA 5

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118 ahiMsA tattva darzana loga soceMge--yaha kaisA uttara ! thor3e se prazna para kitane vikalpa kie haiN| praznakartA saba sthitiyoM ko vizleSaNapUrvaka samajha sake, isalie aisA uttara denA syAdvAda kI vidhi hai| aisA uttara praznakartA ko jAla meM phAMsane ke lie nahIM, kintu duvidhA se pare rakhane ke lie hotA hai| isa para bhI uttaradAtA ke dRSTika Na ko koI ThIka nahIM pakar3a sake, usakA kyA ilAja ho ? rAmagar3ha kI bAta hai| AcAryazrI tulasI ke pAsa bahuta sAre paMDita ekatra hokara Ae / unakA prazna apanA nahIM thaa| usake pIche bhrAnta pracAra thaa| unhoMne AcAryapravara se pUchA-jIva bacAne meM kyA hotA hai ? dharma yA adharma ? AcAryavara ne unakI bhrAnti ko ekabAragI sameTate hue kahA-kathaMcit dharma aura kathaMcit adharma / jo saMyamI haiM, ahiMsaka haiM, unheM bacAne meM dharma hai aura jo hiMsaka haiM, asaMyamI haiM, unheM bacAne meM adharma / tAtparya yaha ki saMyama kI rakSA dharma hai asaMyama kI rakSA dharma nahIM hai| __ AcArya bhikSu ne virodhI praznoM ko sulajhAte hue rahasyavAda kA bar3A bhArI upayoga kiyA hai| ve jahAM adhyAtma ke dRSTikoNa se dekhate haiM aura adhyAtma kI bhASA meM bolate haiM, vahAM hiMsAyukta asaMyamamaya upakAroM ko adharma, pApa, azubhakarma kahate haiM aura jahAM samAja ke dRSTikoNa se dekhate haiM, vahAM unhIM ko saMsAra kA upakAra Adi-Adi kahate haiN| AcAryazrI tulasI sAmAjika kartavyoM ko laukika dharma kahate haiM, vahAM kaI vyaktiyoM ko bar3I kUTanIti lagatI hai aura ve siddhAnta ko chipAne kA Aropa lagAte nahIM skucaate| kintu AcAryazrI kI uttara-paddhati kA AdhAra pAne ke lie AcArya bhikSu ke kucha padyoM kA manana krie| phira virodha nahIM diikhegaa| dekhie AcArya bhikSu ne likhA hai : "jIvAM nai jIvAM bacAviyAM huvai saMsAra taNo upgaar| yahAM prANa-rakSA ko saMsAra kA upakAra kahA gayA hai| Age calie bacAvaNa vAlo ne upajAvaNa vAlo, e to donUM saMsAra taNA upgaarii| ehavA upagAra karai AhamA sAhamA, tiNa meM kevalI ro dharma nahIM chai ligArI // 2 marate jIva ko bacAne vAlA aura jIva ko paidA karane vAlA pitA, donoM saMsAra ke upakArI haiN| ye pArasparika upakAra haiN| inameM kevalI kA dharma nahIM hai| yahAM 'kevalI kA dharma nahIM hai'-yaha pada dhyAna dene yogya hai / 1. anukampA caupaI 1218 2. vahI, 11142

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 116 saMsAra taNA upagAra kiyAM maiM, jiNa dharma ro aMza nahIM chai ligaar|' ___ yahAM jina-dharma nahIM, aisA kahA hai kintu ekAnta-pApa nahIM khaa| isa prakAra AcArya bhikSu ne aneka zabda vyavahAra meM lie hai, jo pahale batAe jA cuke haiN| 1. anukampA caupaI 11 / 36

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ahiMsA ke phalitArtha 1. ahiMsA kA artha prANoM kA viccheda na karanA, itanA hI nahIM usakA artha hai-mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM ko zuddha rkhnaa|| 2. jIva nahIM mare, baca gae-yaha vyAvahArika ahiMsA hai, ahiMsA kA prAsaMgika pariNAma hai / hiMsA ke doSa se hiMsaka kI AtmA bacI--yaha vAstavika ahiMsA hai| 3. hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA sambandha hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka se hotA hai, mAre jAne vAle aura na mAre jAne vAle prANI se nhiiN| 4. nivRtti ahiMsA hai| ___5. pravRtti do prakAra kI hotI hai, unameM jo rAga-dveSa-rahita hotI hai, vaha ahiMsA aura rAga-dveSa-sahita hotI hai, vaha hiMsA hai| dUsare sajIva yA nirjIva padArtha kevala ahiMsA ke nimittamAtra banate haiN| isake AdhAra para hI hiMsA ke dravya-bhAvarUpa bheda kie haiN| dravya-hiMsA kA artha hai-kevala prANoM kA viyoga honA / bhAvahiMsA kA artha hai-AtmA ke azubha pariNAma yAnI rAga-dveSa-pramAdAtmaka pravRtti / ___ kyoMki hiMsA kI paribhASA meM prANa-viyojana kA sthAna vyAvahArika aura rAga-dveSa-yukta bhAvanA kA sthAna naizcayika hai / hiMsaka vahI kahA jA sakatA hai, jo rAgAdi doSa sahita pravatti se prANoM kA viccheda karatA hai| kaSTa pahuMcAtA hai yA nirjIva padArthoM para bhI apanI pramAdAtmaka pravRtti karatA hai / jahAM prANiyoM kI ghAta hotI hai, vahAM-rAga-dveSa-rahita bhAvanA kaise ho sakatI hai ? isa prazna kA nirNaya hameM yoM kara lenA cAhie ki una saMyamI puruSoM kI na to jIva-hiMsA kI bhAvanA hI hai aura na ve isa prakAra kI kriyA hI karate haiM tathApi dehadhArI hone ke kAraNa unake dvArA jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai, vahAM unakI bhAvanA kA rAga-dveSa se koI sambandha nahIM hai|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 121 prazna - ukta nirNaya se naI aura jaTila samasyA paidA hotI hai, vaha yaha hai ki isa siddhAnta se pratyeka manuSya bhI hiMsA karatA huA apane ko ahiMsaka kahane kA sAhasa kara sakegA / kyoMki usake pAsa 'merI bhAvanA zuddha hai - yaha eka amogha sAdhana A jAtA hai | uttara -- ukta nirNaya prANI mAtra ke lie caritArtha nahIM, yaha kevala saMyamI puruSoM para hI lAgU hotA hai / ve ahiMsA ke upAsaka haiM, unakA ekamAtra dhyeya ahiMsA hai / ve hiMsA se sarvathA parAMGmukha rahate haiM / inase bhinna jo asaMyamI puruSa haiM, unake lie uparyukta nirNaya ThIka nhiiN| kyoMki na unake mana, vacana evaM zarIra saMyata hai aura na hiMsaka pravRttiyoM se sarvadA vimukha rahane kA unhoMne nizcaya hI kiyA hai / ve hiMsA meM juTe hue haiM ataeva unake dvArA jo prANI-vadha hotA hai yA kiyA jAtA hai, vaha hiMsA hI hai, ahiMsA nahIM / prazna- saMyamI puruSoM ke lie jo vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, kyA usase unameM zithilatA kI sambhAvanA nahIM ? uttara - nahIM / kyoMki saMyamI puruSa bhI asAvadhAnI se jo karate haiM, vaha saba hiMsA hai / isa dRSTi se ve aura adhika sAvadhAna rahate haiN| ahiMsaka hone para bhI hama kahIM hiMsaka na bana jAeM-- isakA unheM hara samaya vicAra rahatA hai / sahaja hI eka prazna ho sakatA hai ki saMyamI jana bhI saba vItArAga nahIM hote to phira unakI bhAvanA rAga-rahita kaise mAnI jA sakegI ? isakA uttara hai -sato pi kaSAyAn nigRhNAti so pi tattulyaH -- kaSAya sahita hote hue bhI ve saMyamI jana kaSAya kA nigraha kara saMyata pravRttiyoM se ahiMsaka bana sakate haiM / 6. ahiMsA kA sambandha jIvita rahane se nahIM, usakA sambandha to duSpravRtti kI nivRtti se hai / nivRtti ekAnta rUpa se ahiMsA hai - yaha to nirvivAda viSaya hai para rAga, dveSa, moha, pramAda Adi doSoM se rahita pravRtti bhI ahiMsAtmaka hai / jaise ki dazavaikAlika sUtra meM eka varNana hai ziSya - prabho ! kRpA karake Apa batAeM ki hama kaise caleM, kaise khar3e hoM, kisa taraha baiTheM, kisa prakAra leTeM, kaise khAeM aura kisa taraha boleM, jinase pApa karma kA bandha na ho ? " guru - AyuSman ! yatnApUrvaka calane se, yatnApUrvaka khar3e hone se, yatnApUrvaka baiThane se yatnapUrvaka leTane se, yatnApUrvaka bhojana karane se aura yatnApUrvaka bolane se pApa-bandha nahIM hotA / 1. dazavaikAlika 4 / 7 2 vahI, 48

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122 ahiMsA tattva darzana sArAMza yaha hai ki satpuruSoM kA khAnA, pInA, calanA, uThanA, baiThanA, Adi jIvana-kriyAeM, jo ahiMsA-pAlana kI dRSTi se sajagatayA kI jAtI haiM, ve saba ahiMsAtmaka hI haiN| 7. ahiMsA tyAga meM hai, bhoga meM nhiiN| ahiMsA AtmA kA guNa hai| ahiMsA se hamArA kalyANa isalie hotA hai ki vaha hameM hiMsA ke pApa se bacAtI hai aura hamArA kalyANa vahI hai ki hama apanI asat pravRtti ke dvArA kisI ko bhI kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAeM aura na maareN| hama nahIM mArate haiM, vaha ahiMsA hai kintu hamArI ahiMsAtmaka pravRtti ke dvArA jo jIvita rahate haiM, vaha ahiMsA nhiiN| cora corI nahIM karatA, vaha usakA guNa hai kintu cora ke corI na karane se jo dhana surakSita rahatA hai, vaha usakA guNa nahIM hai| eka vyakti apanI AzAoM ko sImita karatA hai athavA upavAsa karatA hai, use upavAsa karane kA lAbha hotA hai parantu usake upavAsa karane se jo khAdya padArtha bace rahate haiM, unase usakI koI Atmazuddhi nahIM hotii| ahiMsA kI maryAdA : Atma-rakSA rakSA kA sAmAnya artha hai bacAnA / isase sambandha rakhane vAle mahattvapUrNa prazna cAra haiM-rakSA kisakI ? kisase? kyoM? aura kaise ? pratyeka prazna ke do vikalpa banate haiM : 1. rakSA zarIra kI yA AtmA kI ? 2. rakSA kaSTa se yA hiMsA se? 3. rakSA jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke lie yA saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie| 4. rakSA hiMsAtmaka paddhati se yA ahiMsAtmaka paddhati se ? ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie, hiMsA se AtmA ko bacAne kI vRtti kA nAma hai-aatm-rkssaa| hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke lie kaSTa se bacAva hotA hai, vaha zarIra-rakSA hai| vAstava meM zarIra-rakSA aura Atma-rakSA- ye donoM lAkSaNika zabda haiN| inakA tAtparyArtha hai-hiMsAtmaka pravRtti dvArA vipadA se bacane kA prayatna karanA zarIra-. rakSA aura hiMsA se bacane kA prayatna karanA aatm-rkssaa| sAdhya jaise zuddha ho, vaise sAdhana zuddha hone cAhie / Atma-rakSA ke lie sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM ahiMsAtmaka hone caahie| thor3e meM yUM kahA jA sakatA hai

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 123 AtmA-rakSA kA artha hai--Atma-mukti / isake sAdhana haiM : 1. dhArmika updesh| 2. mauna yA upekssaa| 3. ekAnta-gamana / ' 1. 'hiMsA karanA ucita nahIM'--isa prakAra hiMsaka ko samajhAnA, usakI hiMsA karane kI bhAvanA ko badalane kA prayatna karanA-dhArmika upadeza hai| 2. dhArmika upadeza dvArA preraNA dene para bhI vaha na samajhe to mauna ho jAnA, usakI upekSA karanA--yaha dUsarA sAdhana hai| 3. dhArmika upadeza kAma na kare aura mauna na rakhA jA sake, usa sthiti meM vahAM se haTakara ekAnta meM cale jAnA--yaha tIsarA sAdhana hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne hiMsA se bacane ke lie ye tIna sAdhana batAe haiN| ye tInoM ahiMsAtmaka haiM, isalie Atma-rakSA kI maryAdA ke anukUla haiN| hiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM dvArA kaSToM se bacAva kiyA jA sakatA hai, hiMsA se nhiiN| hiMsaka ke prati hiMsA baratanA, bala-prayoga karanA, pralobhana denA-yaha ahiMsA kI maryAdA meM nahIM aataa| ahiMsA kI maryAdA vaha hai ki ahiMsaka hara sthiti meM ahiMsaka hI rahe / vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM hiMsA kI bAta na soce / ahiMsaka paddhati se hiMsA kA virodha karanA ahiMsA-dharmI kA kartavya hai / vaha ahiMsA ke lie apane prANoM taka kA tyAga kara sakatA hai parantu ahiMsA ke lie hiMsA kA mArga nahIM apanA sktaa| donoM prakAra kI rakSA ke ATha vikalpa banate haiM : 1. jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA kaSTa se bacAva / 2. saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA kaSTa se bacAva / 3. jIvana ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA hiMsA se bcaav| 4. saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA hiMsA se bacAva / 5. jIvana ke lie ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA kaSTa se bcaav| 6. saMyama ke lie ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA kaSTa se bacAva / 7. jIvana ke lie ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA hiMsA se bacAva / 8. saMyama ke lie ahiMsAtmaka paddhati dvArA hiMsA se bacAva / inameM pahale cAra vikalpa zarIra-rakSA ke haiN| 1. sthAnAMga 3 / 3 / 72 :- vRtti

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124 ahiMsA tattva darzana ahiMsA kA uddezya __ jIvana ko banAe rakhanA, yaha ahiMsA kA uddezya nahIM hai| usakA uddezya hai-- saMyama kA vikAsa krnaa| saMyama kA vikAsa jIvana-sApekSa hai| jIvana hI na rahe, taba saMyama kA vikAsa kauna kare? ataH saMyama kA vikAsa karane ke lie jIvana ko banAe rakhanA Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra jIvana ko banAe rakhanA bhI ahiMsA kA uddezya hai-yaha phalita hotA hai| yaha prazna ho sakatA hai kintu ahiMsA kA sIdhA sambandha saMyama se hai, isalie ise koI mahattva nahIM diyA jA sktaa| jIvana banA rahe aura saMyama na ho to vaha ahiMsA nahIM hotii| saMyama kI surakSA meM jIvana calA jAe to bhI vaha ahiMsA hai| Age ke saMyama ke lie vartamAna kA asaMyama saMyama nahIM banatA, Age kI ahiMsA ke lie vartamAna kI hiMsA ahiMsA nahIM bntii| isalie jIvana ko banAe rakhanA, yaha ahiMsA kA sAdhya yA uddezya nahIM ho sktaa| sAdhana-mImAMsA meM itanA hI basa hogA ki ahiMsA ke sAdhana hiMsAtmaka nahIM ho skte| svarUpa-mImAMsA-ahiMsA kA svarUpa hai asaMyama se bacanA, saMyama karanA / kaSTa saMyama ho sakatA hai aura sukha asaMyama, isalie kaSTa se bacAva karanA aura sukha prApta karanA yaha ahiMsA kA svarUpa nahIM bana sktaa| upavAsa va anazana jaisI kaThora tapasyAeM kaSTakara avazya haiM, phira bhI ahiMsAtmaka haiN| bhogopabhoga sukha hai, phira bhI hiMsA hai| ahiMsA kI dRSTi saMyama kI ora honI cAhie / amuka kaSTa se bacA yA nahIM bacA, ahiMsA ke lie yaha zarta nahIM hotii| usakI zarta haiasaMyama se bacA yA nhiiN| pahale vikalpa ke tInoM rUpa zarIra-rakSA kI koTi ke haiN| __ isameM sAdhya sahI hai| sAdhanA kI prakriyA sAdhya ke prati bhrama utpanna karatI hai| saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka sAdhana barate jAeM, vahAM saMyama nahIM rhtaa| isalie saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsAtmaka sAdhanoM ko apanAnA mAnasika bhrama jaisA lagatA hai| jIvana ko banAe rakhane kA uddezya mukhya hone para hiMsA se bacAva karane kI bAta gauNa ho jAtI hai| saMyama jIvana se alaga nahIM hotaa| saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke sAtha jIvana kA astitva apane-Apa AtA hai| isalie ahiMsA kA rUpa jIvana ke astitva ko pradhAnatA nahIM detA / usameM saMyama kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| saMyama ko banAe rakhane ke lie hiMsA se bacAva karanA, yaha sahI hai kintu hiMsA se kaise bacA jAe, isakA viveka honA caahie| hiMsA se bacAva karane ke

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 125 lie hiMsAtmaka sAdhana apanAe jAeM vahAM na saMyama banA rahatA aura na hiMsA se bacAva hotA hai / isalie cauthA vikalpa bhI Atma-rakSA kI bhAvanA nahIM detaa| pAMcaveM vikalpa meM sAdhana-paddhati ko chor3a zeSa ahiMsA kI dRSTi ke anukUla nahIM haiN| chaThe vikalpa meM kaSTa se bacAva karane aura sAtaveM meM jIvana ko banAe rakhane kI bAta mukhya hotI hai, isalie ye bhI ahiMsA ke zuddha rUpa kA nirmANa nahIM krte| ina do (chaThe aura sAtaveM) aura pAMcaveM vikalpa ko vyAvahArika yA sAmAjika ahiMsA kahA jAtA hai| AThavAM vikalpa ahiMsA kA pUrNa zuddha rUpa hai / rAga aura dvaSa asaMjatI jIva ko jIvaNoM vaMche te rAga, maraNoM vaMche te dveSa, tiraNo vaMche te zrI vItarAga deva no dharma-bhikSu svAmI ne isa tripadI meM rAga-dveSa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa evaM madhyastha-bhAvanA se dharma kA sambandha dikhAyA hai| asaMyama-hiMsA kI avirati aura pariNati asaMyama hai / saMyama-hiMsA kI virati aura AtmarUpa meM pariNati saMyama hai| jo hiMsA kI virati bhI na kare aura usakI pariNati bhI na chor3e, vaha asaMyamI hai / sthUla dRSTi se hiMsaka vaha hotA hai jo kisI ko mAre, aura taba hotA hai jaba mAre, kintu sUkSma dRSTi meM eka vyakti kisI jIva ko amuka samaya nahIM mAratA, phira bhI usase mArane kI virati nahIM kI, vaha hiMsaka hai|' jo ahiMsaka hai, hiMsA kI avirati kI dRSTi se yA pravRtti kI dRSTi se, vahI asaMyamI hai| usakA jIvana yA zarIra TikA rahe-aisI bhAvanA rAga hai / vaha miTa jAe-aisI bhAvanA dveSa hai| vaha saMyamI bane - yaha bhAvanA vItarAga kA mArga haisamatA hai| rAga-dveSa janma-mRtyu ke kAraNa haiM, vItarAga-bhAva zarIra-mukti kaa| zarIramukti kI sAdhanA meM zarIra TikA rahe yA chUTa jAe, yaha usakI zarta nahIM hotii| usakI zarta hotI hai-zarIra rahe to saMyama kA sAdhana banakara rahe aura jAe to saMyama kI sAdhanA karate-karate jaae| isIlie kahA gayA hai-'asaMyamI jIvana aura mauta kI icchA kro|2 - - 1. sthAnAMga 1 : satthamaggI visaloNaM, siNehokhAramavilaM / duppauttomaNovAyA, kAubhAvoya aviri| 2. sUtrakRtAMga 113 / 4 / 15

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ahiMsA tattva darzana jo zarIra ekamAtra saMyama kA sAdhana bana jAe, jisakA nirvAha saMyama ke lie aura saMyama kI maryAdA ke anukUla ho, vaisA zarIra banA rahe / isameM jIne kI icchA nahIM kintu yaha saMyama ke sAdhana ko banAe rakhane kI bhAvanA hai| jo zarIra asaMyama kA sAdhana rahate hue ucita AMzika saMyama kA sAdhana bana jAe, usakA nirvAha kevala saMyama ke lie aura saMyama kI maryAdA ke anukUla nahIM hotA, isalie vaisA zarIra banA rahe-yaha bhAvanA saMyama-mArga kI nahIM ho sktii| vaha na rahe-yaha bhI nahIM ho sktii| kAraNa ki marane se kyA hogA? saMyama na jIne se AtA hai aura na marane se| vaha moha kA tyAga karane se AtA hai, isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai-'samUce saMsAra ko samatA kI dRSTi se dekhane vAlA na kisI kA priya kare aura na kisI kA apriy|1 ___ koI vyakti jIvita rahe, taba saMyama sAdha ske| vaha jItA na rahe to saMyama kauna sAdhe ? isa para se jIne kI sAdhanA bhI saMyama kI maryAdA ke antargata honI cAhie - aisA AbhAsa hotA hai kintu vastusthiti yaha nahIM hai| jIne kI vahI sAdhanA saMyamamaya ho sakatI hai, jo saMyama ke lie aura saMyama kI maryAdA ke anukUla ho| ____ saMyama ke vyavahita yA dUravartI sAdhana ke saMyamamaya hone kA niyama nahIM bntaa| jaina AcAryoM ne sannikarSa (indriya aura padArtha ke saMyoga) ko isalie pramANa nahIM mAnA ki vaha padArtha-nirNaya kA vyavahita sAdhana hai| sAdhakatama sAdhana kA hI sAdhya ke anurUpa hone kA niyama ho sakatA hai, sAmAnya sAdhana kA nhiiN| vAstava meM sAdhana vahI hotA hai, jo sAdhakatama ho yAnI anantara--sAdhya aura usake bIca meM koI antara na ho| paraspara sAdhanoM kI zRMkhalA itanI lambI hotI hai ki usakA kahIM anta bhI nahIM aataa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM-saMyama ke lie zarIra, zarIra ke lie khAna-pAna, khAna-pAna ke lie vyApAra, vyApAra ke lie pUMjI, pUMjI ke lie saMgraha-vRtti, saMgraha-vRtti ke lie AtmA kA vikAra--isa prakAra krama Age bar3hatA jAtA hai / samasyA AtI hai- inameM se kise saMyama kA sAdhana mAnA jAe ? Atma-vikAra ko yA saMgraha-vRtti ko? pUMjI ko yA vyApAra ko ? khAna-pAna ko yA zarIra ko? inameM se eka bhI saMyama kA svayaMbhUta sAdhana nahIM hai| sAdhana ke lie nimnAMkita apekSAeM hotI haiM : 1. jisakI pravRtti ke binA jo na bana sake aura 2. jisakI pravRtti hone para jo avazya bne| 1. sUtrakRtAMga 11107 2. pramANanayatatvAloka 114

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 127 ___ zarIra ke binA saMyama kI sAdhanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, isalie pahalA aMza milatA hai kintu zarIra kI pravRtti hone para saMyama ho-yaha dUsarA aMza nahIM milatA, isalie zarIra nirantara saMyama kA sAdhana nahIM rhtaa| zarIra-pravartaka AtmA hai / usake rAga-dveSa-rahita adhyavasAya se jaba zarIra pravRtta hotA hai, tabhI vaha saMyama kA sAdhana banatA hai| jo zarIra saMyama kA nairantarika sAdhana nahIM banA, usake khAna-pAna Adi isa dRSTi se saMyamamaya mAne jAeM ki vaha Age jAkara saMyamI banegA, yaha tarka-saMgata nahIM bntaa| isalie saMyama kA anantara sAdhana moha karma kA vilaya hI hai| usake sahacarita jo saMyama kI pravRtti hotI hai, vaha samatA hai aura jo moha ke udaya se sahacarita hotI hai, vaha priya ho to rAga aura apriya ho to dvess| jIvana aura mRtyu saMsAra-parikramA ke do anivArya aMga haiN| ye donoM karmabandhana ke pariNAma haiN| inameM acchAI yA burAI kucha bhI nahIM hai| ye apane-Apa meM rAga-dveSa bhI nahIM haiM, kintu ye prANiyoM kI antara-vRttiyoM ke pratIka haiN| jIvana priyatA kA aura mRtyu apriyatA kA pratIka hai| kahIM jIvana ke lie dveSa aura mRtyu ke lie rAga bhI bana sakatA hai| kintu jIne kI icchA rAga aura mRtyu kI icchA dveSa-ye lAkSaNika haiN| inakA tAtparya hai-priyatA kI icchA rAga aura apriyatA kI icchA dveSa aura priya-apriya-nirapekSa saMyama kI bhAvanA-vItarAga bhAva hai| ___ asaMyamI jIvana kI icchA karane se mukhyatayA tIna kAraNa ho sakate haiMsvArtha, moha aura ajnyaan| yoM to asaMyamI jIvana kI vaha manuSya icchA karatA hai, jisakA asaMyata puruSoM ke dvArA kauTumbika, sAmANika evaM rASTrIya svArtha siddha hotA ho, yA use vaha manuSya cAhatA hai, jisakA asaMyata vyaktiyoM ke sAtha premabandhana ho yA jo vyakti tattva kI gambhIratA taka nahIM phuNctaa| kevala bhautika sukhoM ko sukha mAnatA hai, vaha asaMyamI jIvana ko cAhatA hai| jaise svArtha aura moha spaSTatayA rAga haiM, vaise hI yaha ajJAna bhI moha kA nivir3a rUpa hai, ataH yaha bhI rAga hai| jIvita rahanA hI dharma hai-yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA mohavazavartI manuSya ke hI hotI hai| asaMyata jIvoM kI marane kI icchA karane kA kAraNa udvega yA virodhI bhAvanA hai| vaha to dveSa hai hii| saMyamI jIvana mRtyu kI icchA karanA madhyastha bhAvanA haiahiMsA kA anumodana hai| ukta vivecana se yaha phalita huA ki asaMyamI jIvana aura mRtyu hiMsAyukta hone ke kAraNa sAdhanA kI dRSTi se abhilaSaNIta nhiiN| saMyamI-jIvana aura mRtyu ahiMsAmaya hone ke kAraNa vAMchanIya haiN| saMyamI-jIvana kI icchA kevala isIlie kI jAnI cAhie ki saMyama kI ArAdhanA ho aura saMyamI-mRtyu kI vAMchA bhI isI

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128 ahiMsA tasva darzana dhyeya se honI cAhie ki saMyama kI ArAdhanA karate hue prANAnta ho / saMyamIjIvana meM koI moha nahIM, kevala saMyama kI ArAdhanA kI bhAvanA hai ! saMyamI-mRtyu meM koI udvega nahIM, kevala asaMyata avasthA meM na marane kA lakSya hai ata: ve bhAvanAeM rAga-dveSa rahita haiN| isa prasaMga meM AcArya bhikSu racita kaI gAthAoM kA adhyayana upayukta hai: 'jIne aura marane kI icchA meM dharma kA aMza bhI nhiiN| jo manuSya mohaanukampA karatA hai, usake karma kA vaMza bar3hatA hai yAnI vaha karma-bandhana kI paramparA se mukta nahIM ho sktaa|' ___ 'moha-anukampA meM rAga-dveSa rahatA hai| usase pAMca indriyoM ke zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha, aura sparza, pramukha bhogoM kI vRtti hotI hai| ataH vaha (moha-anukampA) ahiMsA nhiiN| isa tattva ko antar-dRSTi se dekho|' 'apane asaMyama, jIvana kI vAMchA karanA bhI pApa hai to dUsaroM ke asaMyama-jIvana kI vAMchA karane se kauna santApa ko mola le ? ajJAnI jIva maranA aura jInA vAMchate haiM aura sujJAnI jIva samabhAva rakhate haiN|' 'eka vyakti ne apane ko mRtyu se bacA liyA, kisI dUsare ne usako sahayoga diyA aura kisI tIsare vyakti ne use acchA samajhA-ina tInoM meM mokSa kauna jAegA?' __'kyoMki ina tInoM meM se kisI ke bhI avirati nahIM ghaTI aura virati ke binA mokSa kI sAdhanA nahIM ho sktii| isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki mokSa kI sAdhanA virati (AzA-bAMchA kA tyAga karanA) hai| jIvita rahanA na to virati hai aura na koI ahiMsAtmaka pravRtti hii| ataeva vahAM dharma yA ahiMsA nahIM hai / karanA, karavAnA aura anumodana karanA, ye tInoM aika koTi ke haiN| jabaki avirati yukta jIvitavya ahiMsA nahIM, taba use jIvita rahane meM sahayoga denA aura usakA anumodana karanA ahiMsAtmaka kaise ho sakatA hai ?' 'jo jIne kI vAMchA karatA hai, vaha saMsAra meM paryaTana karegA aura jo zreSTha jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa kA pAlana karatA hai aura jo dUsaroM se unakA pAlana karavAtA hai, vaha parama pada yAnI mokSa ko prApta karatA hai|' 'saba jIva jInA cahate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA / saba jIvoM ko sukha priya hai, duHkha apriya; isalie kisI ko na maranA cAhie aura na kaSTa denA cAhieyaha upadeza hiMsA-nivRtti ke lie hai|' 'na maranA aura na kaSTa denA'---yaha apanI AtmA kA saMyama hai| 'saba jIva jInA cAhate haiM'-yaha jIvoM kI svAbhAvika manovRtti kA nirUpaNa hai|' saba jIva

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 126 jInA cAhate haiM / ' isalie jInA dharma hai - yaha nahIM hotA / saba jIva bhoga cAhate haiM, isalie kisI kA bhoga mata lUTo, yaha usakA naisargika mUlya hai / bhoga lUTanA asaMyama hai, isalie bhoga ko mata lUTo - yaha usakA dhArmika mUlya hai / isI prakAra jIvana lUTanA asaMyama hai, isalie jIvana mata lUTo - yaha usakA dhArmika mUlya hai / kisI kA sukha na lUTanA aura duHkha na denA - yaha saMyama hai / haMsA yA saMyama kA mUla Atmika ahita kA bacAva yA Atma-zuddhi hai / kisI kI hatyA se nivRtta hone kA artha usake jIvana kI icchA nahIM kintu hatyA se hone vAle pApa se bacane kI bhAvanA hai / jIvana saMyamamaya tabhI sambhava hai, jaba hameM yaha bhAna ho ki dUsare jIvoM kI ghAta karane se apanI AtmA kI ghAta hotI hai / pUrvokta vivecana se yaha mAna liyA jAe ki rAga se jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha ahiMsAtmaka nahIM to bhI vaha niyama paricita vyaktiyoM para hI lAgU ho sakatA hai, saba jagaha nahIM / jo aparicita vyakti hai, use na to hama jAnate haiM aura na vaha hameM jAnatA hai / usa aparicita asahAya ke hama bhautika padArthoM dvArA sahAyaka baneM isameM rAga kaise raha sakatA hai ? isakA uttara dveSa para dRSTipAta karate hI ho jAtA hai / kisI eka aparicita vidvAn kI vidvatA para asahiSNutA A jAtI hai, kisI eka ajJAta vyakti ke saundarya ko dekhakara jalana paidA ho jAtI hai / kyA vaha dveSa nahIM ? yadi hai to aparicita se dveSa kaise ho sakA, jabaki rAga nahIM ho sakatA ? vAstava meM rAga-dveSa kA paricita evaM aparicita se sambandha nahIM hai / kintu unakA jaba taka AtmA meM astitva rahatA hai, taba taka ve apane-apane kAraNoM ke dvArA prakaTa hote haiM / sAhitya ke granthoM kA adhyayana karane vAle bhalI-bhAMti jAnate haiM ki avIta puruSoM ke sAmane jisa prakAra kI sAmagrI AtI hai, usake anukUla bhAva banakara vaisA hI rasa bana jAtA hai / zRMgAra ko uddIpana karane vAlI sAmagrI se zRMgAra rasa, karuNoddIpaka sAmagrI se karuNa - isa prakAra yathocita sAmagrI se hAsya, bIbhatsa Adi saba rasa banate haiM / isI prakAra rAga-dveSoddIpaka sAmagrI se rAga-dveSa kA prAdu hotA hai / prAyaH duHkhiyArI dazA ko dekhakara sneha aura anucita vyavahAra ko dekhakara dveSa paidA ho jAtA hai| rAga anAdikAlIna bandhana hai, usakA amita prANiyoM se sambandha hai / bhautika jIvana ko poSaNa karane kI bhAvanA usa bandhana kA hI phala hai / pratyakSa meM hameM rAga na bhI mAlUma detA ho para apratyakSa meM vaha sakriya rahatA hai aura vahI bAhya kriyA kA janaka hai / eka kavi ne sneha kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai darzane sparzane vApi, bhASaNe zravaNe pi vA / yad dravatyantaraMgaM sa sneha iti kathyate // 'dekhane se, chUne se, bAtacIta karane se, sunane se jo hRdaya dravita ho jAtA

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130 ahiMsA tattva darzana hai, use sneha kahate haiM / ' darzana aura sparzana sneha-utpatti ke nimitta banate haiM-yaha isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai / prema sambandha aura ApasI sahayoga sAmAjika jIvana ke AdhAra bindu haiM / unheM tor3ane kA koI prazna hI nahIM hotaa| vivecanIya vastu hai, unakI koTi kA nirnny| vahI isa tripadI meM kiyA gayA hai| tattva : do rUpa pratyeka vastu ke do rUpa hote haiM-antaraMga aura bahiraMga, vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika yA laukika aura lokottara / vaidika sAhitya meM inheM apara aura para tathA jaina-sAhitya meM dravya aura bhAva bhI kahA jAtA hai / muNDaka upaniSad(1/15) meM do prakAra kI vidyAeM batAI haiM-aparA aura parA / Avazyaka sUtra (2 logassa vRtti) meM samAdhi ke do rUpa batAe haiM-dravya-samAdhi aura bhAva-samAdhi / AcArya bhikSu ne 'dravya-lAbha' aura 'bhAva-lAbha', 'dravya-dayA' aura 'bhAva-dayA', 'dravya-sAtA' aura 'bhAva-sAtA' inake do-do rUpa batAe haiN| AcArya bhikSu dayA-dAna ke virodhI nahIM the| ve laukika-dharma ko mukti kA dharma mAnane ke lie kabhI taiyAra nahIM the, yaha unakI racanAoM se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| 'jo vyakti laukika kAryoM ko mukti-dharma mAnate haiM, unake lie sUtra (zAstra) zastra kI bhAMti pariNata ho rahe haiN| ve hiMsA kA samarthana kara kama bAMdha rahe haiN|' unakI isa vANI meM 'mugatI ro dharmoM' jo hai, vahI matabheda yA virodha kA kendra-bindu hai| laukika kAryoM ko loka-dharma mAnA jAtA to unheM virodha kyoM hotA? loka-vidhi ke lie laukika kartavya, vyavahAra, sahayoga Avazyaka jo hotA hai, usakA-virodha karane ve kyoM calate ? unake samUce vicAra kA thor3e meM sAra yaha hai ki loka-dharma ko mokSa-dharma mata smjho| jo vastueM mokSa ke lie haiM, unheM mokSa ke lie samajho aura jo saMsAra ke lie haiM, unheM saMsAra ke lie / saMsAra aura mokSa kA mArga eka nahIM hai / saMsAra kA mArga hiMsA kA mArga hai, mokSa kA mArga ahiMsA kaa| isIlie unhoMne likhA hai : 'saMsAra nai mukti rA mArga nyArA, te kaThe khAvai melo|' saMsAra-mArga aura mokSa-mArga kI dvividhA batalAte hue AcArya bhikSu ne likhA hai-'eka sAhUkAra ke do striyAM thiiN| eka ne rone kA tyAga kiyA, vaha dharma kA viveka rakhatI thii| dUsarI dharma kA marma nahIM pahacAnatI thii| pati cala bsaa| eka nahIM rotI; dUsarI rotI hai| loga aae| dUsarI kI sarAhanA karane lage- 'yaha dhanya hai, pativratA hai|' pahalI, jo nahIM rotI, kI nindA hone lagI-'yaha pApinI cAhatI thI ki pati mara jaae| isake AMsU kyoM AeM ?'

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ahiMsA tattva darzana isa sthiti meM saMyamI kise sarAhe ? jo nahIM royI use sarAhegA, yaha pratyakSa hai / saMsAra kA mArga bhinna hai aura mokSa kA mArga bhinna / anukampA : do rUpa anukampA hRdaya kA dravIbhAva yA kampana hai / vaha apane-Apa meM bandhana yA mukti kucha bhI nahIM hai | mohAtmaka kampana bandhana kA aura nirmohAtmaka kampana mukti kA hetu banatA hai / pahalA laukika hai aura dUsarA AdhyAtmika / anukampA AdhyAtmika hI hotI hai - aisA niyama nahIM / paudgalika sukhaparaka mAnasika ekAgratA yA dhyAna laukika hotA hai aura Atmaparaka dhyAna AdhyAtmika / ThIka yahI bAta anukampA ke lie hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI meM dekhie abhayakumAra kI anukampA kara usake mitra deva ne akAla- varSA kI / yaha anukampA Atmaparaka nahIM hai / dUsarA prasaMga meruprabha hAthI kA hai| usane kharagoza kI anukampA ke lie apanA paira nIce nahIM rakhA, kaSTa sahA, saMyama kiyA, yaha dayA Atmaparaka hai, moharahita hai / 131 AcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai : 'na mohajanyAM karuNAmapIza ! samAdhisthAya yugAzritosi / ' 'bhagavan ! Apane mohajanya karuNA ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA / ' zrImadjayAcArya ne likhA hai- 'anukampA sAvadya niravadya nuM nyAya kahai chai - moha rAga thakI hiyo kaMpAyamAna huve te sAvadya anukampA anai vairAga thI hiyo kaMpAyamAna huvai te niravadya anukampA / ' zrImad rAyacandra likhate haiM : 'he kAma ! he mAna ! he saMgha udaya ! he vacanavargaNA ! he moha ! he mohadayA ! he zithilatA ! - tamezA mATe antarAya karo cho ? parama anugraha karI ne have anukUla thAva anukUla thAva' / ' 1. bhikSu dRSTAMta 130 2. jJAtA 1 3. jJAtA 1 / 27 4. ayogavyavacchedikA 18 5. carcA ratnamAlA bola 212 6. tattvajJAna, pR0 126

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132 ahiMsA tattva darzana anukampA zabda ko lekara koI Agraha nahIM honA caahie| vaha prazasta aura aprazasta donoM prakAra kI ho sakatI hai / laukika dRSTi se jo prazasta hai, vaha AtmadRSTi se aprazasta aura Atma-dRSTi se jo prazasta hai, vaha laukika dRSTi se aprazasta ho sakatI hai| kRtapuNya pichale janma meM garIba mAM kA lar3akA thaa| usane kisI tyohAra ke dina sabako dUdha-pAka khAte dekhaa| vaha mAM ke pAsa Akara bolA-mAM ? maiM bhI dUdha khaauuNgaa| nanhe bacce kI dIna vANI ne use rulA diyaa| par3osiyoM ne yaha dekhaa| unake dila meM anukampA aayii| unhoMne dUdha, cAvala Adi die / yaha anukampA dAna vyavahAra-dRSTi se prazasta hai| bandaroM ke yUthapati ne muni kI anukampA yAnI bhakti kii| yaha saMyama kI dRSTi se prazasta anukampA hai| isI prakAra metArya ne krauMca pakSI kI anukampA kii| ve jAnate the-svarNa yava isa pakSI ne khAe haiN| sonAra ne unase pUchA kintu ve kucha nahIM bole| unakA hetu thaa-praannii-dyaa| unhoMne socA-sahI sthiti batalAne kA artha hogA-krauMca kI mRtyu / maiM usakA hetu na banUM / isa anukampApUrNa bhAvanA se ve nahIM bole, saMyama meM sthira rahe, apane prANa nyochAvara kara die| yaha hai Atma-dRSTi se prazasta anukampA yA aatm-visrjn|' paribhASA kI dRSTi se rAgAtmaka yA karuNAtmaka anukampA loka-dRSTi se prazasta hai| arAgAtmaka yA ahiMsAtmaka anukampA Atma-dRSTi se prazasta hai| zabda kI anekArthakatA ke kAraNa bar3I ulajhaneM paidA hotI haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM-rAga aura dveSa---ye do karma bIja haiM" -- ye donoM bandhana haiN| rAga se kie hae karmoM kA phala-vipAka pApa hotA hai| dUsarI ora unhIM kI vANI meM 'dharmAnurAga' jaisA prayoga milatA hai aura vaha mukti kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| rAga zabda ke isa do artha vAle prayoga se hameM jAnane ko milA ki asaMyama bar3hAne vAlA rAga hI karma kA bIja, bandhana aura pApa phalakAraka hai / saMyama ke prati hone vAlI anurakti kevala zabdamAtra se rAga hai, vAstava meM nahIM, isalie vaha karma-bIja, bandhana va pApa phalakAraka nahIM hai| isa dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue pUrvAMcAryoM ne rAga-dveSa ke dodo bheda kara DAle : 1. prazasta rAga 1. prazasta dveSa 2. aprazasta rAga 2. aprazasta dveSa 1. Avazyaka vRtti, malayagiri 866-870 2. uttarAdhyayana 3217 3. Avazyaka zramaNasUtra 4 4. aupapAtika 6 / 133

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 133 ___arihanta -jina, siddha, sAdhu aura dharma ke prati hone vAlA rAga prazasta hai| dRSTi-rAga, viSaya-rAga aura sneha-rAga yaha trividha rAga aprazasta hai|' yahI bAta dveSa kI hai| ajJAna aura asaMyama ke prati jo dveSa hotA hai, vaha prazasta hai aura mohodaya ke kAraNa hone vAlA dveSa aprshst'| isa prakAra hameM samajhanA hogA ki kisI bhI zabda ko eka hI artha meM bAMdhA nahIM jA sktaa| isalie zabda ko lekara khIMcatAna nahIM honI caahie| anukampA mAtra mokSa kA sAdhana hai, yaha bhI ekAnta hai / anukampA mokSa kA sAdhana hai hI nahIM-yaha bhI ekAnta hai / hama satya ko anekAnta dRSTi se pA skeNge| usake anusAra jo anukampA rAga-bhAvanA rahita hai, vaha mokSa kI ora le calatI hai, isalie vaha usakA sAdhana hai aura rAgAtmaka anukampA prANI ko mokSa kI ora nahIM le jAtI, isalie vaha usakA sAdhana nahIM hai| sAra itanA hI hai| isase Age jo kucha hai, vaha saba prapaMca hai| ahiMsA aura dayA __ ahiMsA aura dayA donoM eka tattva hai| dayA meM hiMsA yA hiMsA meM dayA kabhI nahIM ho sktii| yadi hama inako pRthak karanA cAheM to nivRttyAtmaka ahiMsA ko ahiMsA evaM satpravRttyAtmaka ahiMsA ko dayA kaha sakate haiN| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM ahiMsA ke sATha paryAyavAcI nAma batalAe haiN| unameM gyArahavAM nAma 'dayA hai / TIkAkAra malayagiri ne usakA artha-dayA deha rakSA'-'dehadhArI jIvoM kI rakSA karanA kiyA hai / yaha ucita bhI hai kyoMki ahiMsA (prANAtipAta-viramaNa) meM jIvarakSA apane-Apa hotI hai| muni saba jIvoM ke rakSaka hote haiN| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki duniyA meM jo jIva mara rahe haiM yA mAre jA rahe haiM, unako ve yena-kenaprakAreNa bacAte haiN| isakA sahI artha yahI hai ki apanI asat-pravRtti se prANImAtra ko na kaSTa dete haiM aura na mArate haiN| ahiMsA yA dayA kI pUrNatA apanI asat-pravRtti kA saMyama karane se hI hotI hai yA ho sakatI hai| kalpanA kIjie ki do vyakti pazu-vadha karane kI taiyArI meM haiM, itane meM saMyogavaza vahAM muni cale ge| muni ne unake Atma-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se unheM pratibodha diyaa| unameM se eka ne hiMsA chor3a dI aura dUsare ne muni kA upadeza nahIM maanaa| eka vyakti ne hiMsA chor3I usase muni kI dayA pUrNa nahIM banI aura dUsare ne hiMsA nahIM chor3I, usase unakI dayA apUrNa nahIM bnii| yadi aise apUrNa bana jAe taba phira koI bhI vyakti pUrNa dayAlu bana hI nahIM sktaa| pUrNa dayAlu hue binA AtmA pUrNa zuddha nahIM ho sakatI, isalie 1. Avazyaka vRtti malayagiri 618 2. paMcAstikAya 144

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134 ahiMsA tattva darzana yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki dayA kI pUrNatA aura apUrNatA apanI pravRttiyoM para hI nirbhara hai aura isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki jIva-rakSA yA dayA kA sambandha apanI satpravRtti se hI hai| jo vyakti apanI burI pravRttiyoM kA saMyama karatA hai, prANI mAtra ko abhaya-dAna detA hai, vahI jIva-rakSaka hai aura vahI dayAlu hai| santa tulasIdAsa ne bhI Atma-dayA kI bar3e sIdhe-sAde zabdoM meM vyAkhyA kI hai tathA nahIM mArane ko dayA batAkara ahiMsA aura dayA kI ekatA batAI hai: 'tulasI dayA na pAra kI. dayA ApakI hoya / tU kiNa ne mAre nahIM, to tanai na mArai koya // ' AcArya bhikSu ne dayA kA artha batalAte hue yahI likhA hai : 'jIva jIve te dayA nahIM, mare te hiMsA mata jANa / ___ mAraNa vAlA ne hiMsA kahI, nahIM mAre te dayA guNa khAna // ' zabda kI vyutpatti ke anusAra ye do haiM / jaise-hiMsA na karanA-ahiMsA aura rakSA krnaa-dyaa| tAtparyArtha meM donoM eka haiM / ahiMsA niSedha-pradhAna hai jaisehiMsA mata karo-asat-pravRtti kA AcaraNamata kro| dayA vidhi mukha hai, jaisepAlana karo, rakSA kro| hiMsA nahIM hogI, vahAM jIva-rakSA apane Apa ho jAegI aura jIva-rakSA meM hiMsA varjanI hI hogii| vahI pahalI bAta hai ki dayAzUnya ahiMsA aura ahiMsAzUnya dayA kabhI nahIM ho sktii| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI ahiMsA aura dayA kA sambandha batalAte hue kahA hai : / 'jahAM dayA nahIM, vahAM ahiMsA nhiiN|' ata: yoM kaha sakate haiM ki jisameM jitanI dayA hai utanI hI ahiMsA hai|' ahiMsA aura dayA ke udgama-srota hiMsA kA kSetra vyApaka hai| asatya Adi usake abhinna pahalU haiN| asatya bolanA hiMsA hai, corI hiMsA hai, maithuna hiMsA hai, parigraha hiMsA hai| ina sabameM ahiMsA bhI nahIM, dayA bhI nhiiN| sAmAjika vyavahAra kA sarvopari dharma karuNA hai, ahiMsA nhiiN| ataeva vahAM ahiMsA aura dayA kI paribhASA sarvathA eka nahIM rhtii| usa kSetra meM unakA sambandha isa prakAra banatA hai : ahiMsA meM dayA kA niyama aura dayA meM ahiMsA kA vikalpa hai| dayA ke binA ahiMsA ho hI nahIM sakatI, isalie ahiMsA meM dayA ke hone kA niyama hai| sAmAjika kSetra meM dayA ke lie hiMsA, asatya, parigraha Adi bhI prayujya mAne jAte haiM, isalie dayA meM ahiMsA kA vikalpa hai| jahAM dayA ke lie hiMsA kA AcaraNa 1. gAMdhI-vANI, pR0 17

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 135 nirdoSa mAnA jAe, vahAM ye do ho hI jAtI haiN| mokSa-sAdhanA kA sarvopari dharma ahiMsA hai| isalie yahAM jo ahiMsA hai, vahI dayA hai| hiMsA kisI bhI sthiti meM dayA nahIM ho sktii| isalie ahiMsA ko 'sarvabhUtakSemakarI' kahA gayA hai|' muni saba jIvoM kI dayA ke nimitta apane lie banA bhojana nahIM lete| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saba jIvoM kI rakSA rUpa dayA ke lie pravacana kiyaa| bhagavAn ahiMsA-pradhAna the| unakI dayA ahiMsA se vimukta nahIM ho sktii| hiMsA ko dayA mAnanA yA dayA ke lie hone vAlI hiMsA ko ahiMsA mAnanA unheM abhISTa nahIM thaa| isalie unhoMne mokSa-dharma ko niSedha kI bhASA meM hI rkhaa| unakI vANI ke kucha prasaMga aura saMvAda par3hie : bhagavan ! jIva alpAyu-yogya karma kaise karate haiM ? gautama ! prANAtipAta ke dvaaraa| bhagavan ! jIva dIrghAyu-yogya karma kaise karate haiM ? gautama ! prANAtipAta-viramaNa ke dvaaraa| bhagavan ! jIva azubha dIrghAyu-yogya karma kaise karate haiM ? gautama ! prANAtipAta ke dvaaraa| bhagavan ! jIva zubha-dIrghAyu-yogya karma kaise karate haiM ? gautama ! prANAtipAta-viramaNa ke dvaaraa| saMyama kA artha hai-sukha kA viyoga aura duHkha kA saMyoga na krnaa| sarva jIvoM ke prati jo saMyama hai, vahI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA AdhAra saMyama hai, karuNA nhiiN| jarman vidvAn alabarTa svIjara ne ahiMsA ke AdhAra kI mImAMsA karate hue likhA hai- yadi ahiMsA ke upadeza kA AdhAra sacamuca hI karuNA hotI to yaha samajhanA kaThina ho jAtA ki usameM na mArane, kaSTa na dene kI hI sImAeM kaise baMdha sakI aura dUsaroM ko sahAyatA pradAna karane kI preraNA se vaha kaise vilaga raha sakI hai ? yaha dalIla ki saMnyAsa kI bhAvanA mArga meM bAdhaka banatI hai, satya kA mithyA AbhAsa mAtra hogaa| thor3I se thor3I karuNA bhI isa saMkucita sImA ke prati vidroha kara detI hai parantu aisA kabhI nahIM huaa| 1. praznavyAkaraNa, dUsarA saMvara dvAra : ahiMsA tasa-thAvara-savvabhUya-khemaMkarI / 2. sUtrakRtAMga, TIkA 2 / 6 / 40 3. praznavyAkaraNa, pahalA saMvara dvAra : savva jagajIvarakkhaNadayaThyAe pAvayaNaM bhagavayA sukahiyaM / 4. bhagavatI 56 5. sthAnAMga / / 4 / 36 :sokkhAoavavarovettA bhavai-dukkheNaM asaMjogettA bhvi|' 6. dazavaikAlika 69

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ahiMsA tattva darzana ataH ahiMsA kA upadeza karuNA kI bhAvanA se utpanna na hokara saMsAra se pavitra rahane kI bhAvanA para AdhArita hai| yaha mUlataH kArya ke AcaraNa se nahIM, adhikatara pUrNa banane ke AcaraNa se sambandhita hai| yadi prAcInakAla kA dhArmika bhAratIya jIvita prANiyoM ke sAtha samparka meM akArya ke siddhAnta kA dRr3hatApUrvaka anusaraNa karatA thA to vaha apane lAbha ke lie, na ki dUsare jIvoM ke prati karuNA ke bhAva se / usake lie hiMsA eka aisA kArya thA jo varNya thaa| ____ yaha saca hai ki ahiMsA ke upadeza meM sabhI jIvoM ke samAna svabhAva ko mAna liyA gayA hai parantu isakA AvirbhAva karuNA se nahIM huA hai| bhAratIya saMnyAsa meM akarma kA sAdhAraNa siddhAnta hI isakA kAraNa hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM (IsA pUrva 4-3) ahiMsA kA upadeza isa prakAra diyA gayA hai : bhUta, bhAvI aura vartamAna ke arhat yahI kahate haiM-kisI bhI jIvita prANI ko, kisI bhI jantu ko, kisI bhI vastu ko, jisameM AtmA hai, kisI bhI prANI ko mAre nahIM, anucita vyavahAra na kare, apamAnita na kare, kaSTa na de aura satAe nhiiN| dharma kA yahI pavitra, nitya aura mAnya upadeza hai ki jise jagat ke jJAtA siddha puruSoM ne ghoSita kiyA hai| kaI prakAra se to aisA bhI hotA hai ki isa ahiMsA ke prati bAdhyatApUrNa anusaraNa kI apekSA ise tor3a dene meM adhika karuNA-bhAva kI pUrti hotI hai| jaba eka jIvita prANI ke duHkhoM ko kama nahIM kiyA jA sake to dayApUrvaka use mArakara usake jIvana kA anta kara denA alaga khar3e rahane se kahIM adhika nItipUrNa hai| jisa pAlatU jAnavara ko hama nahIM khilA sakate, use bhUkha ke kaSTAdAyaka maraNa kI apekSA hiMsA dvArA kaSTa-rahita zIghra anta kara denA adhika karuNApUrNa hai| hama bAra-bAra apane ko aisI sthiti meM pAte haiM, jahAM yaha jarUrI hotA hai ki hama eka jIvana ko bacAne ke lie dUsare jIvana kA nAza yA hanana kreN| ahiMsA svataMtra na hokara karuNA kI bhAvanA kI anuyAyI honI caahie| isa prakAra use vAstavikatA ke vyAvahArika vivecana ke kSetra meM padArpaNa karanA caahie| naitikatA ke prati zuddha bhakti usake antargata vartamAna musIbatoM kA sAmanA karane kI tatparatA se prakaTa hotI hai| paranta puna: kahanA par3atA hai ki bhAratIya vicAradhArA-hiMsA na karanA aura kisI ko kSati na pahuMcanA-aisA hI kahatI rahI hai| tabhI vaha zatAbditAM gujara jAne para bhI usa ucca naitika vicAra kI acchI taraha rakSA kara sakI, jo isake sAtha sammilita hai|' 1. iMDiyana thATsa eNDa iTsa DevalapameMTa, pR0 76-84

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 137 __ alabarTa svIjara ne ahiMsA ko saMyamamUlaka batAkara karuNA se use alaga kiyA hai| isa vicAra kA 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM mArmika samarthana milatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane samaya kI 'sAtaM sAteNa vijjai"--sukha dene se sukha milatA hai-isa vicAradhArA kA khaNDana kiyA aura batAyA ki aise vicAra mokSa ke sAdhana nahIM bnte| ___ jIvana meM karuNA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM kintu bhUmikA badalane para usakA svarUpa badala jAtA hai / jananAyaka RSabhanAtha jaba rAjya-saMcAjana kI bhUmikA para the, taba unhoMne samAjahita ke lie vividha vyavasthAeM kiiN| isakA jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM ullekha AtA hai| vahAM TIkAkAra ne eka prazna khar3A kiyA hai-bhagavAn RSabhanAtha niravadya-niSpApa ruci vAle the, phira bhI unhoMne sAvadya-sapApa vRttiyoM ko paidA karane vAlI kalA Adi kA upadeza kyoM kiyA? isakA uttara hai-ye kArya unhoMne karuNA-pradhAna vRtti se kie| jaba vyakti meM kisI eka rasa kA prAdhAnya hotA hai, taba vaha dUsare rasa kI apekSA nahIM rakha paataa|' dUsarA kAraNa batAyA hai-dAyitva se paidA hone vAlI kartavya-buddhi / isakI zreSThatA ke do pramANa haiM--(1) parArthatA aura (2) bahuguNa aura alp-doss| vahI kArya zreSTha kArya kahalAtA hai, jo dUsaroM ke lie kiyA jAe aura jisa kArya meM lAbha adhika ho aura alAbha kama / ___RSabhanAtha pahale rAjA the, isalie sabhI prakAra kI vyavasthAeM karanA unakA kartavya thaa| bhUmikA badalI / ve rAjya chor3a muni bane / Atma-sAdhanA kii| kevalI bane taba jAnA aura dekhA ki yaha mokSa-mArga hai, vahI mujhe aura dUsaroM ke lie hita, sukha, nizreyas, sarvaduHkhAmocaka aura parama-sukha kA prApaka hogaa| phira unhoMne mahAvrata-dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| yahAM mokSa-mArga meM bhI karuNA hai, dUsaroM ke hita kI bAta hai| apanI anukampA kI taraha dUsaroM kI anukampA bhI mAnya hai| kintu isameM usakA (karuNA kA) svarUpa badala jAtA hai| vaha sukha-suvidhAparaka na hokara vrata-paraka ho jAtI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra duHkha ke Atyantika viccheda kI sAdhanA meM lage hue the| mahAtmA buddha karuNA-pradhAna the| inakI sAdhanA aura dRSTi kA bheda panyAsa muni zrI kalyANavijaya ke zabdoM meM dekhie-'mahAvIra kA khAsa lakSya svayaM ahiMsaka banakara dUsaroM ko ahiMsaka banAne kA thA, taba buddha kI vicAra-saraNi duHkhitoM ke duHkhoddhAra kI tarapha jhukI huI thii| Upara-Upara se donoM kA lakSya eka-sA pratIta 1. sUtraqatAMga 3 / 4 / 6,7 2. jambUdvIpa prajJapti, 2 vakSaskAra, vRtti

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138 ahiMsA tattva darzana hotA thA parantu vAstava meM donoM ke mArga meM gaharA antara thaa| mahAvIra dRzyAdRzya duHkha kI jar3a ko ukhAr3a DAlanA mukhya kartavya samajhate the aura buddha dRzya duHkhoM ko dUra karanA / pahale nidAna ko dUra kara sadA ke lie roga se chuTTI pAne kA mArga batAne vAle vaidya the, taba dUsare udIrNa roga kI zAnti karane vAle ddaakttr| ____ karuNA aura karuNApUrNa kArya samAja ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hote haiM, isameM koI do mata nahIM, kintu matabheda vahAM hotA hai, jahAM unakI ahiMsAtmakatA siddha kI jAtI hai, unheM mokSa-mArga kI sAdhanA kahA jAtA hai| ahiMsA ke lie hiMsA nimna prakAra se kI jAtI hai aura aise kAryoM ko nirdoSa, alpa-hiMsA aura bahuahiMsA ke kArya samajhakara unheM dharma mAnA jAtA hai| jaise1. bar3e jIva ko bacAne ke lie choTe jIvoM kA vadha kiyA jAe, usameM alpa doSa aura bahuta lAbha hai, thor3I hiMsA aura bahuta ahiMsA hai| bar3e jIvoM kI rakSA meM manuSya ko prAthamikatA milanI cAsie / 2. devatA aura pUjya atithi ke lie hiMsA karane meM doSa nhiiN| 3. anivArya hiMsA tathA dharma kI rakSA ke lie hiMsA ho, vaha nirdoSa hai| 4. du:kha miTA sakane kI asamarthatA meM du:khI ko mAra ddaalnaa| 5. bahuta jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie thor3e jIvoM ko mAra ddaalnaa| 6. pApa se bacAne ke lie pApI ko mAra ddaalnaa| 7. kaSTa se sukha milatA hai, isalie mAre jAne vAle prANI sukhI hoMge isa dRSTi se jIvoM ko maarnaa| 8. sabala ke AkramaNa se nirbala kA rakSaNa karane ke lie bala-prayoga karanA, pralobhana Adi denaa| ukta kAryoM meM ahiMsA kA svIkAra mAnasika bhrama hai| ye kArya karuNApUrNa yA rakSAtmaka bhale hoM, ahiMsAtmaka nahIM hote| jaina-vicAradhArA inake ahiMsAtmaka hone kA samarthana nahIM krtii| mahAtmA gAMdhI isa yuga ke mahAn ahiMsAdharmiyoM meM se eka hue haiN| unhoMne rAjanIti ke kSetra meM ahiMsA ke aneka prayoga kie| ve rASTrIya dAyitva ko samhAle hue the, isalie sevA aura karuNApUrNa kAryoM kA patha pradarzana bhI kiyA kintu phira bhI ve hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke viveka meM bar3e jAgarUka rahe-aisA jAna par3atA hai| ukta praznoM ke vicAra meM jaina-dRSTi ke sAtha-sAtha mahAtmA gAMdhI ke vicAra bhI adhika upayogI hoNge| ukta praznoM kI kramika mImAMsA1. eka bar3eM jIva kI rakSA ke lie aneka choTe-mUka jIvoM kA vadha karanA 1. jaina vikAsa, varSa 7, aMka 6-7, 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha'

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 136. dayA nahIM hai, kintuSTa hiMsA hai| ise dayA samajhanA mithyA jJAna hai / eka samRddha vyakti ke lie garIboM kA galA ghoTanA nyAya nahIM ho sakatA / bar3e jIvoM ke lie choTe jIvoM ko mAra DAlane meM doSa thor3A hai aura lAbha adhika hai -- aise siddhAnta ahiMsA ke sanAtana siddhAnta ke pratikUla haiM / bar3oM kI sukha-suvidhA ke lie choTe yA kSudra jIvoM kI hiMsA ko kSamya mAnane vAle prajA kI sukha-suvidhA ke lie kie jAne vAle yajJoM ko dharma yA puNya nahIM mAnate / pratyuta unakA virodha karate haiM / isakA kyA AdhAra ho sakatA hai ? hajAroM-lAkhoM manuSyoM kI sukha-zAnti ke lie dasa-bIsa pazuoM kI bali kA virodha karate samaya kyA ve apane ukta siddhAnta kI avahelanA nahIM karate ? bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA mahAtmA buddha ne yajJa - bali kA virodha kiyA, unake anuyAyI Aja bhI karate A rahe haiM / isakA AdhAra sarva bhUta-samatA hai, bar3oM ke lie choTe jIvoM kA saMhAra nahIM / manuSyoM kI rakSA ke lie kSudra jIva-jantuoM kI hiMsA ko dharmapuNya mAnane vAle yajJa-hiMsA kA virodha kareM, yaha nyAya nahIM ho sktaa| jainoM ko socanA cAhie ki bar3oM ke lie kSudra jIvoM kI hiMsA meM ve alpa- pApa aura bahuta dharma mAnakara kisa dizA kI ora cale jA rahe haiM / I mahAtmA gAMdhI ne isa vicAra kI kAlpanikatA batAte hue likhA hai - 'mANasa ne mArI ne mAMkar3a ne ugAravo e dharma hoya, evo prasaMga paNa AMvavo zakya hoya che / hUM to eka banne jAta nA prasaMga mAM thI uvarI jAvA no mArga kahUM hUM / te dayA dharma che / " 'bandara ko mAra bhagAne meM maiM zuddha hiMsA hI dekhatA huuN| yaha bhI spaSTa hai unheM agara mAranA par3e to adhika hiMsA hogii| yaha hiMsA tInoM kAla meM hiMsA hI ginI jaaegii|" 2. 'devatAoM ke lie bhI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| kaI vyakti kahate haiM ki dharma ke karttA devatA hI haiM ata: unheM mAMsAdi kI bali dene meM doSa nahIM, yaha kathana avivekapUrNa hai / isI prakAra pUjya aura atithi ke lie hiMsA karane meM doSa nahIM hai - yaha kahanA bhUla hai / 1. navayuga, aMka 17, pR0 1561, tA0 24 navambara, 1921 2. aparAdhI jantu aura gAMdhIjI, jainabhAratI, maI, 1948 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 405 : dharmohi devatAbhyaH prabhavati, tAbhyaH pradeyamiha sarvam / iti durvivekakalitAM ghaSaNAM na prApya dehino hiMsA // 4. puruSArtha siddhyupAya 80, 81 : pUjyanimittaM ghAte chAgAdInAM na ko'pi doSo'sti / iti saMpradhArya kAryaM nA'tithaye sattvasaMjJapanam //

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140 ahiMsA tattva darzana 3. nahIM chor3I jA sakane vAlI hiMsA anivArya bhale kahalAe para vaha ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ise bahuta spaSTa zabdoM meM samajhAyA hai--'yaha bAta saca hai ki khetI meM sakSma jIvoM kI apAra hiMsA hai| kArya mAtra, pravRtti mAtra, udyoga mAtra sadoSa hai| khetI ityAdi Avazyaka karma zarIra-vyApAra kI taraha anivArya hiMsA hai| usakA hiMsApana calA nahIM jAtA hai aura manuSya jJAna, bhakti Adi ke dvArA anta meM ina anivArya doSoM se mokSa prApta karake isa hiMsA se bhI mukta ho jAtA hai| dharma ke lie jo hiMsA karatA hai, vaha manda-buddhi hai / 2 bhagavAn kA dharma sUkSma hai, isalie 'dharma ke lie hiMsA karane meM doSa nahIM'---yoM dharma-mUr3ha banakara jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie / dharma kA svarUpa hI ahiMsA hai| usake lie hiMsA kI kalpanA hI kaise ho sakatI hai ? isIlie AcArya hemacandra ne isa para Azcaryabhare zabdoM meM likhA hai-'aho! hiMsApi dharmAya, jagate mNdbuddhibhi|4 / __mahAtmA gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM hiMsA se mata-rakSA ho sakatI hai, dharma-rakSA nhiiN| ve likhate haiM : 'dharma eka vyaktigata saMgraha che / tene mANasa poteja rAkhI sake che ne poteja khue ch| samudAya mAMja bacAvI sakAya te dharma nahIM, mata ch|5| 4. duHkha miTAne ke lie duHkhI ko mAra DAlane kI bAta bhI ahiMsA kI koTi meM nahIM aatii| du:kha-mocana-sampradAya kA mantavya thA-'jisako duHkha se chUTane kI AzA nahIM, vaise du:khI yA rogI jIva ko mAra DAlanA caahie|' mahAtmA gAMdhI kI bachar3e ko mAra DAlane vAlI ghaTanA bhI lagabhaga vaisI hI hai| jaina-vicAra isase sahamata nhiiN| kaI jaina karuNA ko parama dharma mAnane lage haiM, unakI bAta maiM nahIM kaha sktaa| unako ukta kArya meM Apatti ho hI nahIM sktii| mArane vAlA kevala anukampA kI buddhi se mAratA hai, kisI anya bhAvanA se nhiiN| anukampA mAtra ko ve niravadya mAnate haiM, taba unheM Apatti kyoM ho? kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ahiMsA-pradhAna vicAradhArA ko mAnya karane vAle ise nirdoSa nahIM maante| unake matAnusAra duHkhI ko mAra DAlane meM karuNA kI pUrti hogI kintu ahiMsA nahIM ho sakatI / hameM dUsaroM ke jIvana-haraNa kA adhikAra nahIM hai| anukampA aura usake 1. ahiMsA, prathama bhAga, pa0 35-36 2. praznavyAkaraNa 1, A0 : dhammaheuM tase pANe thAbare ca hiMsati maMdabuddhI / 3. puruSArtha-siddhayupAya 76 : sUkSmo bhagavaddharmo dharmArthahiMsane na doSo'sti / __ iti dharmamugdhahRdayarna jAtubhUtvA zarIriNo hiMsyAH / / 4. yogazAstra 2 / 40 : 5. navajIvana pustaka 15, pR0 1382, tA0 256 / 21

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 141 sAdhata - ye donoM ahiMsAtmaka hoM, taba hI Atma zuddhi ke sAdhana bana sakate haiM, anyathA nahIM / kaSTa-dazA meM bhI jo zAnta rahatA hai, vaha apanI AtmA ko vizuddha banAtA hai, isalie kaSTa-dazA se Darane kI koI bAta nahIM hai / usakA sAmanA karane kA ucita mArga sIkha lenA cAhie aura dUsaroM ko bhI sikhA denA cAhie / pazuoM ko yaha nahIM sikhAyA jA sakatA, yaha saca hai kintu hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke sAdhana samajhane vAloM aura nahIM samajhane vAloM ke lie alaga-alaga nahIM hote / 5. thor3e se hiMsaka jIvoM ko mAra DAlane se bahuta sAre jIvoM kI rakSA hotI hai - aisA mAnakara unheM nahIM mAra DAlanA cAhie / ' ahiMsA ke rAjya meM kisI ke lie kisI ko, kisI bhI dazA meM mArane kI bAta AtI hI nahIM / jo sahaja karane kI bhUmikA meM na ho unheM mAranA par3e, yaha dUsarI bAta hai kintu isa manuSya-svabhAva kI durbalatA ko dharma kA rUpa nahIM milanA cAhie / isa viSaya meM mahAtmA gAMdhI se sambandhita prasaMga mananIya hai : 'eka bAra mahAtmA gAMdhI se prazna kiyA gayA ki koI manuSya yA manuSyoM kA samudAya logoM ke bar3e bhAga ko kaSTa pahuMcA rahA hai| dUsarI taraha se usakA nivAraNa na hotA ho, taba usakA nAza kareM to yaha anivArya samajhakara ahiMsA meM khapegA yA nahIM ?" mahAtmA jI ne uttara diyA- 'ahiMsA kI jo maiMne vyAkhyA kI hai, usameM Upara ke tarIke para manuSya-vadha kA samAveza hI nahIM ho sakatA / kisAna jo anivArya nAza karatA hai, use maiMne kabhI ahiMsA meM ginAyA hI nahIM hai / yaha vadha anivArya hokara kSamya bhale hI ginA jAe kintu ahiMsA to nizcaya hI nahIM hai / " 'dharma kA mUla dayA hai, dayA kA mUla ahiMsA hai aura ahiMsA kA mUla jIvanasamatA hai, isalie jo sabhI jIvoM ko apane samAna priya samajhatA hai, zreya samajhatA hai, vahI dharmAtmA hai / AkrAntA ko mArane kI bAta bhI ahiMsA meM nahIM samAtI / samAjazAstra hiMsAtmaka daNDa- vidhi ko apanAnA Avazyaka mAnA hai / AkrAntA ke prati AkramaNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai / dharmazAstra meM isake lie koI sthAna nahIM / usakA daNDa - vidhAna ahiMsAtmaka hai, isalie samAja ke saba vidhi-vidhAnoM kA dharma se anu 1. puruSArtha - siddhyupAya 83 : rakSA bhavati bahunAmekasyaivAsya jIvaharaNena / iti matvA karttavyaM, na hiMsanaM hiMsrasatvAnAm // 2. ahiMsA, pR0 50 3. puruSArtha siddhyupAya

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142 ahiMsA tattva darzana modana nahIM ho sktaa| gurudAsa banarjI ne isa bAta ko bar3e mArmika zabdoM meM samajhAyA hai: 'jAna se mAra DAlane ke lie udyata AtatAyI ko Atma-rakSA ke lie mAra DAlanA prAyaH sabhI dezoM kI saba samaya kI daNDa-vidhi dvArA anumodita hai / manu bhagavAn ne bhI kahA hai-'nAtatAyivadhe doSo hanturbhavati kazcana'-AtatAyI ko mAra DAlane meM mArane vAle ko kucha bhI doSa nahIM hotaa| bhArata kI vartamAna daNDa-nIti bhI yahI bAta kahatI hai| lekina yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki daNDa-vidhi kA mUla uddezya samAja kI rakSA karanA hai, nIti-zikSA denA nahIM hai| ataeva daNDa-vidhi kI bAta saba jagaha sunIti ke dvArA nahIM bhI anumodita ho sakatI hai|'1 6. bahuta jIvoM ko mArane vAle ye jIva jIte rahe to bahuta pApa kareMge-aisI anukampA karake bhI hiMsaka jIvoM ko nahIM mAranA caahie| pApa se bacAne kI bhAvanA niravadya hai| isake sAdhana bhI niravadya hone caahie| mArane se pApI miTa sakatA hai, pApa nahIM mitttaa| pApa miTane kA upAya pApI ke hRdaya kI zuddhi hai| 7. sukha kI prApti kaSTa se hotI hai| mAre hue sukhI jIva Age sukhI hoMgeisa bhAvanA se sukhI jIvoM ko nahIM mAranA caahie|' koI bhI jIva dUsare ke prayatna se agale jIvana meM sukhI yA duHkhI nahIM banatA, vaha apane prayatna se hI vaisA banatA hai| isalie dUsare jIva ko sukhI banAne ke lie mAranA nitAnta mAnasika bhrama hai| 8. hiMsA kI Aga balavAn aura nirbala donoM ke hRdaya meM ho sakatI hai| balavAn se nirbala ko bacAne kA artha zakti ke durupayoga kA pratikAra ho sakatA hai, hiMsA kA pratikAra nhiiN| hiMsA kA pratikAra balavAn aura nirbala donoM ko hiMsA-bhAvanA chUTe, usameM rahA huA hai| __isIlie AcArya bhikSu ne kahA hai-'lalacAkara yA DarA-dhamakAkara kisI ko ahiMsaka nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| isakA mArga samajhAnA-bujhAnA hI hai / jabaradastI se hiMsaka kI hiMsA nahIM chur3avAI jA sktii|' 1. jJAna aura karma, pR0 212 2. puruSArtha-siddha yupAya: 84 bahusatvaghAtino'mI jIvanta upArjayanti gurupApam / ityanukampAM kRtvA na hiMsanIyAH zarIriNo hiMsAH / / 3. vahI, 86 : kRcchraNa sukhAvAptirbhavanti sukhino hatAH sukhina eva / iti tarkakaNDalAnaH sukhinAM ghAtAya nAdeyaH / /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 143 mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI ahiMsA ke mArga meM bala-prayoga ko niSiddha mAnA hai / taba kyA gAya ko bacAne ke lie musalamAnoM se lar3aMgA aura unakI hatyA karUMgA ? aisA karake to maiM musalamAna aura gAya donoM kA hI duzmana banUMgA / merA koI bhAI gohatyA para utArU ho jAe, taba mujhe kyA karanA cAhie ? maiM use mAra DAlUM yA usake paira pakar3akara usase aisA na karane kI prArthanA karU ? agara Apa kaheM ki mujhe pichalA tarIkA akhtiyAra karanA cAhie to phira to apane musalamAna bhAI ke sAtha bhI mujhe isI taraha peza AnA cAhie / " yaha to kahIM nahIM likhA hai ki ahiMsAvAdI kisI AdamI ko mAra ddaale| usakA rAstA to sIdhA hai - eka ko bacAne ke lie vaha dUsare kI hatyA nahIM kara sakatA / usakA puruSArthaM aura karttavya to sirpha vinamratA ke sAtha samajhAne-bujhAne meM hai / eka hI kArya meM alpa-hiMsA aura bahu-ahiMsA kA siddhAnta janatantra kI bhAvanA detA hai, vizuddha ahiMsA kI bhAvanA nahIM detA / ahiMsA ke rAjya meM thor3oM ke lae bahutoM kI hiMsA jaise sadoSa hai, vaise hI bahutoM ke lie thor3oM kI hiMsA bhI sadoSa hai / usameM nirdoSa hai-- hiMsA se bacanA tathA jIvana kI azakyatA, sAmAjika dAyitva aura sambandhoM ko nibhAne ke lie hiMsA karanI par3e, use ahiMsA na samajhanA / hiMsA daihika jIvana kI pravRtti hai / usake niyamana se ahiMsA prakaTa hotI hai / deha-moha chUTe binA hiMsA na chUTe, yaha dUsarI bAta hai kintu use ahiMsA mAna baiThanA doharI bhUla hai / isake phalasvarUpa hiMsA ko chor3ane kI vRtti paidA nahIM hotI / ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA pUrI na ho sake, phira bhI usake svarUpa grahaNa kI dhArA pUrI honI cAhie / gRhastha apane ko ahiMsaka mAnate haiM, isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve pUrI hiMsA ko tyAga cuke haiN| unakI gati ahiMsA kI dizA meM hotI hai, ve hiMsA se yathAsambhava dUra haTanA cAhate haiM; isalie ve ahiMsaka haiM / isa prasaMga para mahAtmA gAMdhI ke vicAra dekhie - 'Aja hama aisI bahuta-sI bAteM karate haiM, jinheM hama hiMsA nahIM mAnate haiM, lekina zAyada unheM hamAre bAda kI pIr3hiyAM hiMsA ke rUpa meM samajheM / jaise hama dUdha pIte haiM yA anAja pakAkara khAte haiM, usameM jIva-hiMsA to hai hI / yaha bilakula saMbhava hai ki Ane vAlI pIr3hI isa hiMsA ko tyAjya samajhakara dUdha pInA ora anAja pakAnA banda kara de / Aja yaha hiMsA karate hue bhI hameM yaha dAvA karane meM saMkoca nahIM hotA ki hama ahiMsA-dharma kA pAlana karate haiN|" 1. hinda svarAjya, pR0 78 2. vahI, pR0 56 3. mahAdeva bhAI kI DAyarI, pR0 26

Page #158
ahiMsA tattva darzana alpa jIvana ke vyavahAra sAtvika hote haiM, haiM, tava mahA-hiMsA aura mahA - parigraha pa - hiMsA aura alpa-parigraha vAle hote tulanA meM vyavahAra dRSTi ke anusAra unheM ahiMsaka mAna liyA jAtA hai / yaha alpa - hiMsA meM ahiMsA kA AropaNa hai, zuddha ahiMsA nahIM hai / mahAtmA gAMdhI ke anusAra yaha mana phusalAne jaisA hai / ve likhate haiM " jaisA ki nirAmiSa AhArI vanaspati khAne meM hiMsA hai--yaha jAnatA huA bhI nirdoSatA kA AropaNa kara mana ko phusalAtA hai / " 144 I ahiMsA ke vyApaka rUpa meM gRhastha ke hiMsAmaya kartavyoM kI sImA hotI hai, anAvazyaka aura pramAda - vihita kArya chUTate haiM / muni kA mArga aura bhI saMkar3A bana jAtA hai / ve svayaM koI bhI hiMsAmaya kArya nahIM kara sakate, isase Age - hiMsAmaya kArya kA patha-darzana bhI nahIM kara sakate / mahAtmA gAMdhI rAjanItika dAyitva se mukta nahIM the, phira bhI unakI dRSTi meM hiMsA kA samarthana na karane aura yathAsambhava hiMsA se bacane kI vRtti surakSita hai / 'hiMsA ke mArga meM kisI kA bhI netRtva karane meM maiM asamartha hUM / yaha to haraeka kSaNa meM kisAna anubhava karatA hai ki khetI ke lie choTe-choTe jIvoM kA nAza karanA anivArya hai / isake Age Akara isa vastu ko le jAnA merI zakti ke bAhara kI bAta hai| hiMsA karane se jisa aMza taka bacanA saMbhava ho, usa aMza taka bacanA sabakA dharma hai|" kI 'jIvo jIvasya jIvanam' - jIva jIva kA jIvana hai, pANipANikilesaMti' - prANI prANI ko mAratA hai athavA 'macchagalAgala'- - eka bar3I machalI choTI machaliyoM ko khA jAtI hai, vaise bar3e jIva choTe jIvoM ko bhakha lete haiM - ye tathyoktiyAM haiN| manuSya ko khAnA par3atA hai, pInA par3atA hai / isameM zAka, sabjI, dhAna, pAnI, agni, havA ke jIvoM kA vadha hotA hai / inake yoga se dvIndriya Adi bar3e jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA hotI hai / yaha unakI AvazyakatA hai, majabUrI hai, aisA kie binA jIvana nirvAha nahIM ho sakatA / kintu manuSya meM eka kamajorI chipI huI hotI hai / vaha hara jagaha saccAI kI ora bar3hane meM rukAvaTa DAlatI hai / isIlie eka siddhAnta banA liyA gayA ki jo vastueM manuSya ke jIvana- nirvAha ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka haiM, unameM hisA kaisI ? yaha siddhAnta vyApaka bana gayA kintu vastusthiti kucha aura hai / duniyA svArthI hai aisA kie binA usase rahA nahIM jAtA, yaha dUsarI bAta hai para saccAI aura kamajorI eka nahIM, do cIjeM haiM / 1. vyApaka dharma - bhAvanA, pR0 308 2. ahiMsA, pR0 57

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ahiMsA tattva darzana ahiMsA aura dayA kI ekAtmakatA ahiMsA aura dayA donoM eka haiN| zabda kI utpatti kI dRSTi se donoM meM bheda jAna par3atA hai / artha kI dRSTi se pApa se bacane yA bacAne kI jo vRtti hai, vahI ahiMsA hai aura vahI dayA hai / yaha dayA ke AdhyAtmika stara kI bAta hai / usakA laukika stara ahiMsA se alaga hotA hai / usakI dRSTi meM sukha-suvidhA aura jIvana sthAyitva kA mUlya hotA hai / ahiMsA-dRSTi kA uddezya hotA hai - saMyama - vikAsa | laukika karuNA kI vRtti hotI hai-- jIvana mare yAnI maranevAlA mauta se baca jAya / ahiMsA kI dRSTi hai - marane vAlA pApa se bace - usakI hiMsA chUTe / mArane vAlA hiMsA ke pApa se baca jAe, aisI karuNA yA dayA hotI hai, vaha ahiMsA hI hai / marane vAlA mauta se baca jAe - aisI dayA yA karuNA kA ahiMsA se sambandha nahIM hotA / ahiMsA ke sthAna meM dayA kA prayoga hotA hai, vaha hiMsA se bacane - bacAne ke artha meM hI hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM likhA hai ' - prANI dayA ke lie muni AhAra na le- tAtparya ki sUkSma jIva jamIna para chA jAe, aisI sthiti meM muni una jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie yAnI hiMsA se bacane ke lie bhikSA ke lie na jAe / sUtrakRtAMga meM batAyA hai. 'saba jIvoM kI dayA ke nimitta muni apane lie banAyA huA bhojana na le / ' yahAM dayA kA prayoga hiMsA se bacAva karane ke artha meM huA hai / isalie yaha dayA ahiMsA hI hai / jo hiMsA nahIM karatA, vaha sabhI jIvoM kI dayA karatA hai / 'prAsuka aura nirdoSa AhAra kA sevana karatA huA muni dharma kA atikramaNa nahIM karatA - -dharma kA atikramaNa nahIM karatA huA trasa tathA sthAvara jIvoM kI anukampA karatA hai / Atma-dayA aura laukika dayA 'dAna - dayA donUM mAraga mokha rA' - dAna aura dayA donoM mokSa ke mArga haiM / kintu inheM samajhanA hogaa| binA samajhe mArga kaise milegA / ve kahate haiM 145 dayA- dayA saba koi kahai, te dayA dharma chai ThIka / dayA olakha nai pAlasI, tyAM re mukti najIka // 4 mokSa ke lie jo dayA hai, vaha abhaya-dAna hai / jo prANI mAtra ko manasA, 1. uttarAdhyayana 26 / 35 3. bhagavatI 118 5. vahI, 6 / 2, dohA 2. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti 3 / 6 / 40 4. anukampA caupaI 8 / 1

Page #160
ahiMsA tattva darzana vAcA, karmaNA svayaM nahIM mAratA hai, nahIM maravAtA hai aura mArane vAle ko bhalA nahIM samajhatA-yaha abhayadAna hai|' mokSa ke lie jo dayA hai, vaha saMyama hai-hiMsA tyAga hai| manasA, vAcA, karmaNA jIva mAtra kI hiMsA na karanA, na karavAnA aura na anumodana karanA- tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI meM Atma-dayA kA yahI svarUpa hai| isI se saMsAra-samudra kA pAra AtA hai| eka laukika dayA bhI hai| usake aneka rUpa haiN| vaha saMsAra kA upakAra hai| use mukti kA mArga kahanA eka prakAra kA vyAmoha hai|6 ___ ahiMsA mahAvrata hai, dayA usameM samAI huI hai| ahiMsA se alaga dayA nahIM hai| asaMyama hiMsA hai / hiMsA hai, vaha dayA nahIM hai| isIlie asaMyama se sambandha rakhane vAlA jIvana, mRtyu, poSaNa, tRpti, pUrti, sahayoga Adi-Adi saba Atma-dayA nahIM hai aura isalie nahIM hai ki inameM hiMsA kA sthUla yA sUkSma sambandha rahatA hai, rAga, dveSa aura moha kI puTa rahatI hai| __ saMyamamaya jIvana, mRtyu, poSaNa, sahayoga Adi-Adi saba Atma-dayA hai / isase Atma-zuddhi hotI hai| moha nahIM bddh'taa| AcArya bhikSu ne mokSa-dayA, mokSa-dAna, mokSa-upakAra tathA saMsAra-dayA, saMsAra-dAna aura saMsAra-upakAra ko parakhane kI eka aisI kasauTI rakhI hai, jisameM khoTa nahIM cltii| jaise-jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa-ye cAra mokSa ke mArga haiM-Atma-guNa haiM / inakI sAkSAt vRddhi karane vAle dayA, dAna aura upakAra mokSa ke sAdhaka haiM aura jinase ye na bar3he, vaise dayA, dAna aura upakAra saMsAra ke sAdhaka haiN|' jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ke binA aura koI mukti kA upAya nahIM hai|" inake sivA bAkI ke jitane upakAra haiM ve saba saMsAra ke mArga haiM / 12 __ajJAnI ko koI jJAnI banAe, mithyA-dRSTi ko samyag-dRSTi, asaMyamI ko saMyamI aura atapasvI ko tapasvI-yaha mokSa-dharma yA mokSa-upakAra hai| umAsvAti ke mokSa-zAstra kA pahalA sUtra hai--'samyagjJAnadarzanacAritrANi mokSamArgaH'--yahI tattva batA rahA hai aura yahI tattva uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAyA hai 1. anukampA caupAI 6 / 1, dohA 3. vahI, 6 / 3, dohA 5. vahI, 8.5 7. vahI, 2 / 8, dohA 6. vahI, 665, dohA 11. anukampA 1117-22, dohA 2. vahI, 6 / 5, dohA 4. vahI, 8 / 4, dohA 6. vahI, 815 8. vahI, 6 / 37-36 10. anukampA DhAla 11 12. vahI, 1218

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 147 nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo tahA / esa maggotti pannatto jiNehiM varadaMsihiM / / -jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa--yaha mArga hai / kSullaka zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI ne isa para bar3A mArmika prakAza DAlA hai / ve amRtacandra sUri ke eka zloka kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM 'aprAdurbhAvaH khala rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiseti / teSAmevotpatti hiMseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / / -puruSArtha-siddhyupAya / nizcaya hI jahAM para rAgAdika pariNAmoM kI utpatti nahIM hotI, vahIM ahiMsA kI utpatti hai aura jahAM rAgAdika pariNAmoM kI utpatti hotI hai, vahIM para hiMsA hotI hai, aisA jinAgama kA saMkSepa meM kathana jaannaa| yahAM para rAgAdika se tAtparya AtmA kI pariNati-vizeSa se hai / para padArtha meM prIti-rUpa pariNAma kA honA rAga tathA aprIti-rUpa pariNAma kA honA dveSa aura tattva ke aprIti rUpa pariNAma kA honA moha arthAt rAga, dveSa, moha-ye tInoM AtmA ke vikAra bhAva haiN| ye jahAM para hote haiM, vahA AtmA kali (pApa) kA saMcaya karatA hai, duHkhI hotA hai, nAnA prakAra pApAdi kAryoM meM pravRtti karatA hai| kabhI manda-rAga huA, taba paropakArAdi kAryoM meM vyagra rahatA hai, tIvra rAga-dveSa huA, taba viSayoM meM pravRtti karatA hai yA hiMsAdi pApoM meM magna ho jAtA hai| kahIM bhI ise zAnti nahIM miltii| jahAM AtmA meM rAga-dveSa nahIM hote, vahIM ahiMsA kA pUrNa udaya ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA hI mokSa mArga hai-paramArtha se dekhA jAe to jo AtmA pUrNa ahiMsaka ho jAtI hai, usake abhiprAya meM na to para ke upakAra ke bhAva rahate haiM aura na anupakAra ke bhAva rahate haiM ataH na unake dvArA kisI ke hita kI ceSTA hotI hai aura na ahita kI ceSTA hotI hai|" 1. anekAnta, varSa 6, kiraNa 6, jUna, 1948

Page #162
preya aura zreya kA viveka adhikAMzatayA virodha zabdoM meM rahatA hai, tattva meM nhiiN| moha ko, moha-anvita dayA ko prAyaH sabhI Astika darzana bandhana mAnate haiN| sAMkhya sUtra meM asAdhana ke anucintana ko bandhana mAnA gayA hai|' ___ yajJa yAga Adi zrauta kAryoM ko bhI bandhana mAnA hai| jaise--karma karane se jIva bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM par3atA rahatA hai / buddhihIna AdamI hI ina karmoM kI prazaMsA karate haiN| isase unheM bAra-bAra zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| isakA vistRta rUpa hai-mahAbhArata zAntiparva meM zukadeva ne karma aura jJAna kA svarUpa pUchate hue vyAsajI se prazna kiyA hai-'pitAjI ! veda meM jJAnavAn ke lie karmoM kA tyAga aura karmaniSTha ke lie karmoM kA karanA, ye do vidhAna haiN| kintu karma aura jJAna-ye donoM eka-dUsare ke pratikUla haiM ataeva maiM jAnanA cAhatA hUM ki karma karane se manuSya ko kyA phala milatA hai aura jJAna ke prabhAva se kauna-sI gati milatI hai ?'- vyAsajI ne ukta prazna kA javAba dete hue kahA-'veda meM pravRtti aura nivRtti do prakAra ke karma batalAe gae haiM / karma ke prabhAva se jIva saMsAra ke bandhana meM baMdhA rahatA hai| isIlie pAradarzI saMnyAsI loga karma nahIM krte| karma karane se jIva phira janma letA hai, kintu jJAna ke prabhAva se jIva nitya avyakta, avyaya paramAtmA ko prApta ho jAtA hai / mUr3ha loga karma kI prazaMsA karate haiM, isI se unheM bAra-bAra zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| jo manuSya sarvazreSTha jJAna prApta kara letA hai aura jo karma ko bhalI-bhAMti samajha letA hai, vaha jaise nadI ke kinAre vAlA manuSya kuoM kA Adara nahIM karatA, vaise hI karma kI prazaMsA nahIM krtaa|' 1. sAMkhya sUtra : asAdhanAnucintanaM bandhAya bharatavat / 2. muNDaka upaniSad 112 / 7; mahAbhArata zAntiparva, adhyAya 241 / 1 / 10

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 146 ___ isI prakAra muNDakopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai vaidika mantroM meM jina yAjJika karmoM kA vidhAna hai, ve niHsaMdeha tretA yuga meM hI bahudhA phaladAyaka hote haiM / unheM karane se puNyaloka kI prApti hotI hai| isase mokSa kI siddhi nahI hotii| kyoMki ye yajJa-rUpI naukAeM; jinameM aThAraha prakAra ke karma jur3e hue haiM, saMsAra-sAgara se pAra karane ke lie asamartha haiN| jo nAsamajha loga ina yAjJika karmoM ko kalyANakArI samajhakara inakI prazaMsA karate haiM, unheM punaH-punaH jarA aura mRtyu ke cakkara meM par3anA par3atA hai| bandhana aura bandhana-mukti kA viveka loga kahane lage--'bhIkhaNajI dayA meM pApa batalAte haiM / dAna meM pApa batalAte haiN|' dUra-dUra ke loga zabda-jAla meM phaMsa jAte haiM, pApa zabda ko suna cauMka uThate haiN| pApa Akhira vastu kyA hai, ise samajhie to shii| anya darzana jise bandhana kahate haiM, vaha jaina-darzana kI bhASA meM pApa kahalAtA hai / sAdhAraNatayA pApa zabda kA artha samajhA jAtA hai-duSTa, nindanIya, durAcAra, burA aura jaina-darzana meM usakA artha hotA hai-ashubh-krm-bndhn| tattva-mImAMsA meM hama dUsare darzanoM se adhika dUra nahIM haiN| sirpha zabda kI paribhASA hameM bahuta dUra kie hue haiN| dUsare bahuta sAre AcArya moha-dayA aura asaMyamI-dAna ko zubha bandha kA hetu mAnate haiM aura hama azubha bandha kaa| ise Atma-zuddhi kA kAraNa yA sAdhanA kA mArga na dUsare dharma mAnate haiM aura na hama bhii| zubha karma bandha bhI bandhana hai, azubha karma bandha bhI bandhana / eka sone kI ber3I hai, dUsarI lohe kii| ____ upAdhyAya vinayavijayajI ke zabdoM meM--'zubha karma sone kI jaMjIra hai, jo mokSa-sukha yA Atma-svAtantrya ko roke hue hai|" AcArya kuMdakuMda ke zabdoM meM - 'sone kI aura lohe kI donoM prakAra kI ber3iyAM jaise manuSya ke lie bandhana haiM, vaise hI zubha aura azubha karma-'puNya-pApa manuSya ko bAMdhane vAle haiN| __ AcArya bhikSu ke zabdoM meM-'puNya saMsAra kI dRSTi se zrIkAra hai, mokSa-sukha kI tulanA meM vaha sukha hai hI nhiiN| puNya janya sukha paudgalika haiM, kSaNabhaMgura haiM, khujalI jaise mIThe haiN| Atmika sukha yA mokSa-sukha zAzvata, avikArI, svAbhAvika aura apAra hai| 1. zAnti sudhArasa, 7 2. samayasAra 146 3. navasadbhAva padArtha nirNaya 3 / 46-50

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150 ahiMsA tattva darzana bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAyA hai-pramAda-bahula jIva zubha aura azubha karma ke dvArA saMsaraNa karatA hai-janma-mRtyu kI paramparA meM bahatA hai / mokSa taba hotA hai, jaba zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke bandhana TUTa jAte haiN| gItA kahatI hai-buddhimAn sukRta aura duSkRta donoM chor3a detA hai, yAnI mukti donoM ke chUTane se hotI hai| 'puNya kI icchA karanA pApa hai|"-aacaary bhikSu kI yaha vANI bahuta gambhIra artha lie hae hai / adhyAtmavAda kA carama sAdhya hai-mokSa / mokSa kA artha hai puNyapApa se Atyantika mukti| mokSArthI jisase mukti cAhatA hai, usI meM phaMse yaha galata dizA hai| puNya kA phala sukha hotA hai, pApa kA phala du:kha, isalie puNya aura pApa ke bandha meM bahuta bar3A antara honA cAhie-aisA vicAra A sakatA hai| kintu yaha vyavahAra dRSTi hai / paramArtha-dRSTi meM bAta dUsarI hotI hai / jinabhadra gaNI ke matAnusAra--'puNya phala tatvataH duHkha hai|'5 AcArya bhikSu ne kahA : zeSa rahyA kAma saMsAra nA, tiNa kIdhAM baMdhasI karma / bAMcha maraNo jIvaNo, te dharma taNo nahIM aMza / e anukampA kiyAM thakAM, vadhe karma no vaMza / anukampA ihaloka rI, karma taNo baMdha hoy| jJAna, darzana, cAritra binA, dharma na jANo koya // " jinabhadra gaNI kahate haiM- 'paramArtha dRSTi meM puNya-phala azubha-karma kA janaka hone ke kAraNa duHkha hI hai|' yahAM pahuMcane para aisA lagatA hai ki donoM vicAroM kA niSkarSa eka rekhA para hai| isalie zabda kI khIMcAtAnI meM hameM rasa nahIM lenA cAhie / hama jo tattva denA cAhate haiM, use jisa zabda se loga sahajatayA pakar3a sakeM, usI zabda ko prayoga meM lAnA caahie| moha-dayA Atma-sAdhanA se dUra le jAtI hai-isa tattva ko pApa zabda ke dvArA 1. uttarAdhyayana 10 / 15 2. vahI 21124 3. gItA 2 / 50 : buddhiyukto jahAtIha, ubhe sukRtaduSkRte / 4. nava sadbhAva 3 5. vizeSAkazyaka bhASya : 2004-2005 6. anukampA caupAI, 3 / 1, dohA 7. vahI, 2 / 1, dohA

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 151 loga samajheM to pApa kahanA caahie| loka-dharma, laukika puNya aura sAmAjika kartavya ke dvArA samajhe to inheM vyavahRta karanA cAhie / hameM tattva dene se matalaba hai / logoM ko bhar3akAeM, yaha hamArA uddezya nahIM hai| samaya ke sAtha-sAtha zabda-prayoga badalatA rahatA hai| AcArya tulasI ne moha-dayA Adi sAmAjika pravRttiyoM ke lie laukika puNya, loka-dharma Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kara tattva-mImAMsA kA mArga sarala kara ddaalaa| loga kahate haiM-AcArya zrI ne dayA-dAna meM parivartana kara ddaalaa| yaha sahI bhI hai aura nahIM bhii| kunaina jaisI kar3avI davA aura viSa bhI AvazyakatAnusAra die jAte the, aba bhI die jAte haiN| antara itanA AyA hai ki pahale sIdhA diyA jAtA thA aura Ajakala cInI-lipta diyA jAtA hai| ise hama kaha sakate haiM ki parivartana huA hai aura nahIM bhI huaa| yahI bAta AcAryazrI kI tattva-nirUpaNa paddhati ke lie smjhie| tattva mUla kA hai| use jisa rUpa meM sulabhatayA le sake, bhASA vaisI uTho aura uThAo-jAgo aura jagAo AcArya bhikSu ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI kA sAra samajhAte hue kahAvrata dharma hai, avrata adharma / tyAga dharma hai, bhoga adharma / saMyama-jIvana dharma hai, asaMyama-jIvana adharma / paMDita-mRtyu dharma hai, bAla-mRtyu adharma / vItarAga-bhAva dharma hai, rAga adharma / adveSa-bhAva dharma hai, dveSa adharma / unhoMne batAyA -'jInA aura maranA AtmA kI amaratA ke do pahalU hai / jInA-maranA dharma nahIM hai, dharma tyAga hai| asaMyamI jIvana aura asaMyamI mRtyu kI icchA karanA adharma hai| saMyamI jIvana kA saMyamAnukUla poSaNa karanA dharma hai / asaMyamI jIvana kA poSaNa karanA dharma nahIM hai|" ___ 'jo jIva avratI hai, chaha kAya kI hiMsA karane kA jise sarvathA tyAga nahIM hai, usakA jIvana asaMyamI hai| jisane sarva sAvadya-sarva hiMsA kA tyAga kara diyA usakA jIvana saMyamI hai|'2 AcArya bhikSu kI sUtra-vANI ke AdhAra para AcAryazrI tulasI ne kahA--uTho aura uThAo-jAgo aura jgaao| AcAryavara ke zabdoM meM 'jIo aura jIne 1. anukampA caupaI 760 2. vahI 8 / 17; 11145, 12 / 7, 42,62, 6 / 38

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152 ahiMsA tattva darzana do - yaha siddhAnta pAramArthika nahIM hai / isameM sirpha adhikAra kI dhvani hai / jInA paramArtha nahIM / paramArtha hai jIvana ko saMyamamaya banAnA / jIne do yAnI mata mAro / mArane kA tumheM adhikAra nahIM hai / kintu, paramArtha isase Age bar3hatA hai / yaha vaha hai - mata mAro, vaha tumhArA guNa hai, tumhArI ahiMsA yA dayA hai, tumhArA kalyANa hai / isase unakA kyA banA ? unheM saMyama kA tattva samajhAkara saMyamI banAo / isameM tumhArA aura unakA donoM kA kalyANa hai / isalie yahI parama puruSArtha hai / jaina paramparA ke Aroha-avaroha samaya-cakra ke parivartana ke sAtha dharma - zAsana meM bhI utAra-car3hAva Ate haiM / dharma kA maulika rUpa hrAsa se pare hotA hai, kintu usake prakAra kI yA anuyAyI varga kI sImA kA hrAsa yA vikAsa hotA rahatA hai / gaharAI yA maulikatA kI dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva AMkane vAle virale hote haiM / jana-sAdhAraNa anuyAyI varga kI saMkhyA ke anusAra dharmaM ko bar3A yA choTA mAnate haiN| bAharI maryAdA meM aisA bhI hotA hai / alpasaMkhyakoM ko apanA astitva banAe rakhane ke lie bahumata ke sAmane jhukanA par3atA hai / isake bAda kumA vikrama kI sahasrAbdI taka jaina-dharma janatA kA dharma rhaa| rila, AcArya zaMkara Adi Adi vaidika vidvAnoM ke itane tIvra prahAra hue ki vaha simaTatA - simaTatA nAma mAtra kA raha gayA / vauddha dharma ke utkarSa kAla meM jaina-dharma meM kucha zithilatA AyI / ahiMsA kI sImA meM karuNA ko ghusane kA kucha maukA milaa| phira bhI usa samaya jaina prabhutva bhI zaktizAlI thA, isalie vaha usase adhika prabhAvita nahIM huA / vaidika vidvAnoM kA prahAra zramaNa paramparA kI mukhya do zAkhAoM - jaina aura bauddha para thA / sAMkhya, jo zramaNa paramparA kA hI eka aMga thA, vaha arddhavaidika bana gayA / bauddha bhArata se bAhara cale ge| jaina dharma kA apanI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa astisva miTA nahIM kintu isake bAda dhIre-dhIre usameM vikAra ghusate gae / jarmana vidvAn pro0 hemalTa glajanepa ne 'jainijma' nAmaka pustaka meM isa viSaya para bar3A sundara prakAza DAlA hai / ve likhate haiM- 'vaidika yajJakANDa ke punaruddhAraka kumArila ne aura mAyAvAda, brahmavAda ke sthApaka mahAn zaMkara ne veda dharma virodhI jaina-dharma ke viruddha apane tamAma zAstrIya zastroM ke dvArA yuddha kiyA aura yaha yuddha dhIre-dhIre aisA balavAn huA ki jaina dharma ko namrIbhUta ho jAnA par3A / dakSiNa bhArata meM vaiSNava aura zaiva sampradAya ne jaina dharma para bhayaMkara prahAra kiyA / ' 'hindU dharma kI viziSTa kalA ke kAraNa jaina-dharma ke aneka ziSya usa dharma meM

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 153 cale ge| itanA hI nahIM magara abhI isake jo ziSya haiM, unameM bhI hindU-dharma ke aneka AcAra-vicAra praveza kara gae haiN| isI prakAra se hindU-dharma ke jina devIdevatAoM ko jainoM meM kiMcit mAtra bhI sthAna nahIM thA, unameM una devI-devatAoM kA praveza ho gayA / vedAnta ke prabhAva se aneka pAribhASika zabda bhI jaina - sAhitya meM ghusa gae haiM / bhAvanAoM aura sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI jaina loga hindU-bhAva svIkAra karate jA rahe haiM / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jAtivAda kA ghora virodha kiyA / AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM jAti ke mithyA abhimAna ko cUra karane vAlI uktiyAM bharI par3I haiM / phira bhI Aja ke bahusaMkhyaka jaina jAtivAda ko apanI bapautI kI vastu mAne baiThe haiM | zvetAmbara aura digambara ke AcArya jAtivAda ke khaNDana meM prakaraNa ke prakaraNa likha cale / unhIM ke anuja jAtivAda ke poSaka bana gae aura jaina - sAhitya meM spRzya-aspRzya kI vyavasthA bhI ghusa AyI / ' 'zraddhA, tarpaNa, gomaya lepana, zuddhi kA atireka Adi ke vicAra jaina paramparA meM ghusa Ae aura unase vaha vikRta bana gaI / ' jaina AgamoM kI TIkAeM bhI mUlasparzI nahIM rahI haiM jaisA ki paM0 becaradAsa ne likhA hai-- 'hUM, sUtroM nI TIkAoM sArI rIte joi gayo chU, parantu temAM mane ghaNe ThekANe mUla nUM mUsala karavA jevuM lAgyuM chai / uttaravartI sAhitya meM to bahuta hI vikAra aayaa| jaina paramparA kA mUla rUpa DhUMDha nikAlanA kaThina ho gyaa| paramparA ke vikAroM ke saMketa hameM purAnI gAthAoM meM bhI milate haiM / eka AcArya ne likhA hai- ' paNDitairbhraSTacAritraH, baTharaizca tapodhanaiH / zAsanaM jina caMdrasya, nirmalaM malinIkRtam // - 'caritra - bhraSTa paMDitoM ne jaina-zAsana ko malina banA DAlA / ' isI prakAra saMcapaTTaka kI prastAvanA meM abhayadeva sUri kA mata darzAte hue prastAvanA - lekhaka ne likhA hai - "AvI rIte vIra prabhu thI eka hajAra varSa paryanta sarakhI paramparAe tevA sAdhuoM no sIdho kArabhAra cAlU rahyo - chatAM bhagavAn thI ATha sau pacAsa varSe thor3Aka yatiyoe vIra prabhu nA zAsana thI be darakAra banI ugra vihAra chor3I caityavAsa nI zurUAta karI hatI / paNa mukhya bhAga to vasativAsIja rahyo hato ane te bhAga mAM agrasara tarIke olakhAtA devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNe bhAga 1. mahApurANa 16 / 186 2. jaina sAhitya mAM vikAra thavA thI thayelI hAni, pR0 123 3. grantha parIkSA 1, bhAga 3, le0 jugalakizora mukhtyAra

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154 ahiMsA tattva darzana vAn zrI 180 mAM varSe ballabhIpura mAM saMgha ne ekatrita karI jaina sUtroM ne pustakArUr3ha karyA cha / sadgurudevaddhigaNI bhagavAn zrI 1000 varSa svargavAsI thayA ane te sAtha kharUM jina-zAsana guma thaI tenA sthAna caityavAsioe potAnA dora ane jora calAvavA maaNddyo| A mATe navAMgI vRttikAra, zrI abhayadeva sUri 'Agama aDhotarI' nAma nA grantha mAM nIce tI gAthA Ape cheke devaDhikhamAsamaNajA, paraMparaM bhAvao viyANemi / . siDhilAcAre ThaviyA, davveNa paraMparA bahuhA // -devaddhi kSamAzramaNa sudhI bhAva-paramparA haM jANuM chu, bAkI te pachI to zithilAcAriraoe aneka prakAre dravya-paramparA sthApita karI cha / A rIte bhagavAn thI 850 varSe caityavAsa sthApayo to paNa tenaM kharekharUM jo vIra prabhu thI hajAra varSa bItyA ker3e vadhavA maaNddyu| A arasA mAM caityavAsa ne siddha karavA mATe Agama nA pratipakSa tarIke nigamanA nAma tale upaniSadoM nA granthoM gupta rIte rcv| mAM AvyA ane teo dRSTivAda nAma nA bAramA aMga nA traTelA kakar3A che ema loko ne samAjavamAM AvyaM / e granthoM mAM evaM sthApana karavA mAM AvyuM che ke Aja kAla nA sAdhuo e caitya mAM vAsa karavo vAjabI che temaja temaNe pustakAdi nA jarUrI kAma mAM khapalAge mATe yathAyogya paisA TakA paNa saMghakhA joiye / ityAdika aneka zithilAcAra nI te o e himAyata karavA bhAMDI ane je thor3A ghaNA vasatibAsI munio rahyA hatA temanI aneka rIte avagaNanA karavA maaNddii|" ___isa vikAra-kAla meM pravartaka-dharma kI puNyaskandha vAlI vicAradhArA jainasAhitya meM pravAhita huI-aisA anumAna karanA durUha nahIM hai| jaina-dharma kA AdhAra jaina-dharma kevala mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai| vaha samAja kA niyamana yA vyavasthA nahIM krtaa| jaina ke prAmANika Agama-sUtroM meM samAja-vyavasthA kA koI niyama nahIM miltaa| samAja kI parivartanazIla dhAraNA yA sthiti meM aparivartanazIla satya ke niyAmaka dharma ko ulajhAnA bhI nahIM cAhie / dharma ke zAzvatika rUpa ke sAtha-sAtha samAja kI azAzvata dhAraNAeM palatI haiM, isase rUr3hivAda kA janma hotA hai| deza-kAla ke anusAra samAja kI sthitiyoM meM parivartana vAMchanIya mAnA jAtA hai kintu dharma kI taraha sAmAjika saMskAroM kI jar3a jama jAe taba unheM ukhAr3a pheMkanA sahaja nahIM rhtaa| - jaina-dharma Atma-dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita banA aura hai, isIlie vaha sAmA

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ahiMsA tattva dazana jika saMgaThana kI majabUta nIMva nahIM DAla skaa| islAma-dharma meM vizvAsa karane vAlA jaina jaise musalamAna jAti ke rUpa meM badala jAtA hai, vaise jaina-dharma meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle ko jaina jAti ke rUpa meM badalanA jarUrI nahIM hotaa| vaidika dharma meM samAjavyavasthA kA pUrA sthAna hai| isalie sAmAjika prANI ke lie vaha adhika AkarSaka hai| jaina-dharma samAja kI vyavasthA se sambandha jor3akara cala bhI nahIM sakatA aura na calanA cAhatA bhI hai| kyoMki isase usakA dhArmika rUpa naSTa hokara vaha kevala samAja-vyavasthA kA niyAmaka mAtra raha jAtA hai| jaina-dharma kI Atyantika AdhyAtmikatA kA kAraNa hai--usakI ahiMsA vati / vaha dharma ke kSetra meM ahiMsA ko hI ekamAtra parama tattva mAnakara calatA hai| karuNA kA kSetra sAmAjika hai| niSedhaka rUpa meM karuNA dharma se jur3I huI hai| jaise-na mAranA, na satAnA, pazuoM para adhika bhAra na lAdanA, khAna-pAna meM antarAya na DAlanA Adi-Adi / vidhAyaka rUpa meM karuNA kI kar3I dharma se jur3I huI hai bhI aura nahIM bhii| AtmA kI pApamUlaka pravRttiyoM ko miTAne ke lie jo rAgahIna karuNA paidA hotI hai, vaha dharma hai / prANI kI duHkha-duvidhAoM ko miTAne ke lie jo rAgamaya karuNA paidA hotI hai, vaha dharma nahIM; samAja kA upayogI, dhAraka yA poSaka tattva hai| hiMsaka yA krUra samAja kI apekSA ahiMsaka yA komala bhAvanA vAle samAja meM karuNA kA vikAsa adhika hotA hai aura aisA huA bhI hai| karuNA ke isa satata pravAhI vikAsa ne jaina-dharma kI maulikatA meM vikAra lA diyaa| kAlakrama ke anusAra yaha puNya aura dharma mAnA jAne lgaa| jaina-vicAra saMyama para vikasita hue haiN| unameM vyakti, jAti yA sthiti kI vizeSatA nahIM hai| janmanA jAti ke samarthakoM ne Ardra kumAra se kahA-'do hajAra snAtakoM ko jimAne vAlA mahAn puNya-skandha kA upacaya kara svarga jAtA hai-yaha vedavAkya hai|' yaha sunakara Ardra kumAra bole-'asaMyamI brAhmaNoM ko jimAne vAlA naraka meM jAtA hai|' __isakA yaha artha nahIM ki asaMyamI ko jimAne vAlA naraka meM hI jAtA hai| isa tattva ko kaTu-satya ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai| tattva itanA hI hai ki yaha mokSadharma yA puNya kA mArga nahIM hai| vicAra-parivartana __ eka ora jaina Agama ukta vicAradhArA dete haiN| dUsarI ora uttaravartI jaina-. 1. sUtrakRtAMga 3 / 4 / 67

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156 ahiMsA tattva darzana grantha isake viruddha unakA samarthana karate haiM, jisakA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pracuravirodha kiyaa| puNya-skandha kA jo vicAra brAhmaNa paramparA kA aMga rahA, vahI jaina-paramparA meM aise A ghusA ki Aja maulika vicAra taka pahuMcanA kaThina ho rahA hai / jaina-dharma ke utkarSa meM jaise ahiMsA, tapasyA aura akiMcanatA ke vicAroM ne jainetara dharmoM ko prabhAvita kiyA, jise lokamAnya tilaka jaise vidvAnoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, vaise hI vaidika dharma ke utkarSa meM vaidika vicAroM ne jaina-dharma para prabhAva ddaalaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jAtivAda ko liijie| bhagavAn mahAvIra janmanA jAti ke viruddha hone vAlI krAnti ke mukhya unnAyaka the| sUtrakRtAMga, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dArzanika daSTibindu kA pratinidhi sUtra hai, meM jAtivAda para mArmika prahAra kiyA gyaa| vIra-nirvANa kI aneka zatAbdiyoM taka jaina-paramparA jAtivAda se mukta rahI, isake khaNDana meM bar3e-bar3e granthoM ke pRSTha likhe par3e haiN| Age calakara sthiti badala gii| jaina-dharma ke apakarSa-kAla meM jAtivAda usa para chA gyaa| Aja jainoM ke lie yaha samajhanA kaThina ho rahA hai ki unake mahAn tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra jAtivAda ke virodhI the| vahI dazA puNya-skandha ke vicAra kI hai| sUtrakRtAMga jise puNya mAnane kA niSedha karatA hai, use Aja bahuta se jaina poSaNa de rahe haiN| par3osI dharmoM kA eka-dUsare para asara hotA hai aura apane-apane prabhAva-kAla meM ve dUsaroM para adhika asara DAlate haiM-yaha asvAbhAvika nhiiN| samanvaya kI manovRtti ke kAraNa kucha jainAcAryoM ne zAbdika samanvaya sAdhA to kucha ne vyAvahArika rUpa bhI badala DAlA / jainAcAryoM ne zrAddha ko tattvataH svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| zAbdika rUpa meM use jaina-sAhitya meM sthAna milaa| amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM zrAddha kI vyAkhyA milatI hai| isI prakAra tarpaNa kA bhI samanvaya kiyA gyaa| yaha hameM nItivAkyAmRta' aura yazastilakacaMpU meM milatA hai| yaha zAbdika samanvaya hai| inameM tattva nahIM badalA / tattva-vikAra ke kucha namUne dekhie--jo jaina-dharma aparigraha kI maryAdA ko mukhya mAnakara calatA hai, usakA eka anuyAyI bhI yaha vicAra rakhe ki sone, cAMdI, mUMge aura motI kI mAlA se japa karane se hajAra upavAsa jitanA phala hotA hai| 1. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 1 / 317,8,10,11,16; 1 / 6 / 27,203 2. nItivAkyAmRta patra 289 3. vahI; patra 286 4. yazastilakacampU, patra 108 5. bhAva-saMgraha, devasenasUri : suvarNaraupyavidva ma-mauktikA jpmaalikaa| upavAsasahasrANAM, phalaM yacchanti jntvH||

Page #171
ahiMsA tattva darzana aMgUThe para japa karane se mokSa milatA hai; tarjanI para japa kiyA jAe to upacAra sahI hotA hai; madhyamA-japa se dhana-sukha Adi milate haiN| anAmikA japa se zAnti hotI hai| antyajoM dvArA khode hue kueM, bAvar3I, pokharaNI, tAlAba Adi kA pAnI snAna-pAna ke lie nahIM lenA caahie| __ vrata-bhraSTa vyakti aura antyaja vyakti ke dIkhane para, unakI vANI sunane para, chIMka Ane para, adhovAta hone para japa chor3a denA caahie|' ukta dhAraNAeM vikAra haiM aura ve jainatattva kI nIMva para prahAra karane vAlI haiN| ye saba tAntrika aura brAhmaNa-paramparA ke prabhAva kI pratirekhAeM haiN| AcArya haribhadra kA dAnASTaka bar3hatI huI dAna kI pravRtti kA vAstavika citra upasthita karatA hai| usameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mahAtmA buddha se isalie mahAn batAyA hai ki unhoMne dIkSA ke pUrva adhika dAna diyA thaa| paurANika yuga meM arthavAda kI sImA ne yathArthavAda para paradA DAla diyaa| dhArmika logoM ne apane-apane pUjya devoM ke lie itanI lambI-caur3I kalpanAeM gar3hIM ki unase unakA yathArtha jIvana DhaMka gyaa| deva, guru aura dharma kI mahattA kA mAnadaNDa atizayoktiyAM bana giiN| jaina purANoM meM bhagavAn zAntinAtha ke pUrva-janmoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| unameM unake tIrthaMkara-gotra baMdhane kI jo pravatti ullikhita kI hai, vaha karuNA kI ora jainoM ke jhukAva kA saMketa detI hai| bAja se kabUtara ko chur3Ane ke lie rAjA ne apanA mAMsa diyaa| usa karma se ve tIrthaMkara bane-aisA likhA gyaa| sahI sthiti meM yaha mahAbhArata kI zivi dvArA apanA mAMsa dene kI prasiddha kathA kA anukaraNa hai aura yaha lokAkarSaNa ke lie kiyA gayA hai| isameM saMdeha kA avakAza nahIM / bauddhoM meM bhI buddha kI jIvana-ghaTanAoM meM aisI ghaTanA jur3I 1. dharmarasika : aMguSThajApo mokSAya, upAcAre tu trjnii| madhyamA dhanasaukhyAya, zAntyarthaM tu anAmikA // 2. dharmarasika 3156 : antyajaH khanitAH kUpA, vApI puSkariNI saraH / teSAM jalaM na tu grAhya, snAnapAnAya ca kvacit / / 3. dharmarasika 33 : vratacyutAntyajAtInAM, darzane bhASaNe zrute / kSute'dhovAtagamane, bhaNe japamutsRjet // 4. mahAbhArata vanaparva

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158 ahiMsA tattva darzana hai / bauddha, vaidika aura jaina ina tInoM ke paurANika caritroM meM aisI aneka bAteM haiM, jinakA Apasa meM AdAna-pradAna huA hai / mAMsa-dAna kI ghaTanA jaina-dharma kI maulika mAnyatA nahIM hai / isakI puSTi ke lie dUsarA pramANa lIjie / eka aura jaina paramparA ke paurANika AcArya mAMsadAna kI pravRtti ko tIrthaMkara banane kA hetu mAnate haiM, dUsarI ora dArzanika AcArya mahAtmA buddha ko kosate haiM | AcArya hemacandra likhate haiM' - ' svamAMsadAnena vRthA kRpAlu : ' - yaha ApekSa buddha kI mAMsa dene kI pravRtti para kiyA gayA / isI kA vistRta rUpa unakI dUsarI racanA 'yogazAstra' (211 ) meM milatA hai : nipatya dadato vyAghrayAH svakAyaM kRmisaMkulam / deyAdeyavimUDhasya, dayAbuddhasya kIdRzI // 'deya aura adeya kA viveka rakhe binA buddha ne bAghina ko apanA mAMsa khilAyA vaha kaisI dayA ?" AcArya siddhasena ne bhI yahI jatAyA hai : kRpAM vahantaH kRpaNeSu jantuSu, svamAMsadAneSvapi muktacetasaH / tvadIyamaprApya kRtArtha kauzalaM, svataH kRpAM sajjanayantyamedhasaH / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaina AcArya kisI bhI sthiti meM mAMsa-dAna ko anucita mAnate rahe haiM / jaise : na ya agaNiyamahudANaM, su kathae samayapaDisehA / isI ke Age 'tathAhi' aura 'anyatrApyukta' inake dvArA do gAthAeM uddhRta kI haiM : tathAhi : mahumajja maMsa mUla, bhesajja satyaggijaMtamaMtAI / na kathA vihu kAyatvA, saDDhehiM pApabhIruhi // anyatrApyukta : na grAhyANi na deyAni paMcadravyANi paMDitaiH / 1 agniviSaM tathA zastraM, madyaM mAMsaM ca paMcamam // inakA tAtparya yahI hai ki zrAvaka ko agni, viSa, zastra, madya- mAMsa Adi kA dAna nahIM denA cAhie / aba kucha vicAra krie| yadi mAMsa-dAna se meghavAhana tIrthaMkara banane kI kSamatA paidA karatA hai, taba mahAtmA buddha kI mAMsa-dAna kI pravRtti kI nindA 1. ayogavyavacchedikA 6 2. dharmaratna prakaraNa, vimala kathA 13

Page #173
ahiMsA tattva darzana 156 kyoM? aura yadi mAMsa-dAna se meghavAhana tIrthaMkara banA to kisI bhI sthiti meM mAMsa dene kA niSedha kyoM ? parantu ina virodhI pravRttiyoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yaha sthiti antardvandvakA pariNAma hai| eka ora jaina-paramparA mohajanya karuNA ko dharma sAdhanA nahIM mAnatI thI, dUsarI ora use dharma mAnane vAloM kA saMkhyA-bala prabala ho cukA thaa| jaina ina donoM sthitiyoM ke bIca meM the| unakI Antarika zraddhA mohajanya pravRttiyoM (rAga kI pariNitiyoM) ko dharma mAnane se inakAra karatI thI aura janamata unheM isa ora khIMca rahA thA / phalataH prArambha meM ve kucha jhuke| unhoMne anukampA-kRta kAryoM ko aniSiddha btaayaa| isakI carcA hameM anukampA dAna kA bhagavAn ne niSedha nahIM kiyaa| isa rUpa meM aneka granthoM meM milatI hai| Age calakara yaha puNya-skandha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gayA / vartamAna meM kaI jaina ise dharma-mokSa-sAdhanA bhI kahane lage haiN| jaina-dharma Atma-dharma ke sivA aura kucha nhiiN| sAmAjika prANI ko vyavahAradharma caahie| vaidika vidvAnoM ne isa pahala ko mukhya banAkara pUrA lAbha utthaayaa| jainoM ko apanI ora khIMcane lage / dUsare unhoMne bhakti-mArga kA aisA srota bahAyA ki janatA usameM baha calI / tyAga-tapasyAmUlaka kaThora jaina-dharma janatA se pare ho calA / jaina-AcArya isa sthiti se lar3ate rhe| Akhira unheM sthiti se samajhautA bhI karanA par3A / usakA saMketa hameM eka prAcIna zloka meM milatA hai| vaidiko vyahartavyaH, dhyAtavyaH paramaH zivaH / / zrotavyaH saugato dharmaH, kartavyaH punarArhataH / / 'vyavahAra vaidika dharma kA pAlana karanA cAhie, dhyAna zaiva paddhati se karanA cAhie, bauddha-dharma sunanA cAhie aura jaina-dharma kI ArAdhanA karanI caahie|' somadeva sUri ne likhA hai : sarva evahi jainAnAM, pramANaM laukiko vidhiH| yatra samyaktvahAni na, yatra na vratadUSaNam / / yaha usI sthiti meM likhA gayA hai, jaba jainoM para dUsare loga yaha AkSepa karate ki ye vyavahAra ko mAnakara nahIM clte| unhoMne batAyA ki jaina zrAvakoM ko ve saba laukika vidhiyAM mAnya haiM, jinase samyaktva aura vrata meM doSa na lge| upAdhyAya samayasundara jI ne 'vizeSa zataka' meM haribhadra sUri kI 'Avazyaka vRhadvRtti' kA ullekha karate hue batAyA hai ki zrAvaka anya-darzanI ko dharma-buddhi se dAna de to samyaktva meM doSa lagatA hai| anukampA-buddhi se de to vaha dUsarI bAta hai / usakA niSedha nahIM hai| Age calate-calate eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai, usakA artha hai-'pAtra aura apAtra kA vicAra sirpha mokSa-dAna ke prasaMga meM hotA hai / dayAdAna kA kahIM bhI niSedha nahIM hai| jagaha-jagaha yaha likhA gayA hai ki anukampA dAna

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160 ahiMsA tattva darzana yA dayA-dAna kA niSedha nahIM hai| isase yaha jAna par3atA hai ki jaina-AcAryoM ne ise rakSA-sUtra ke rUpa meM baratA hai| isake dvArA unhoMne loka vyavahAra uThAne ke Aropa kA samAdhAna kiyA, tIrthaMkaroM ne karuNA-dAna yA moha-dayA-jo vyAvahArika pravRttiyAM haiM, meM puNya hai-yaha nahIM btaayaa| vyavahAra se lar3ate-lar3ate bhI unhoMne tattva ko yakAyaka nahIM badalA-yaha madhyavartI sAhitya ke manana se spaSTa hotA hai|

Page #175
jaina-darzana kI samagra dRSTi aura hiMsA-ahiMsA vividha mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa dhAraNAeM saMkula bana jAtI haiM-yaha saMskArapradhAna-vRtti hai / jaina-darzana ke vividha aMga guNa-sthAna, karmazAstrakriyAvAda, sAdhanAvidhAna Adi-Adi sabhI kA sAra eka hai-'ahiMsA yA virati mukti-mArga hai aura hiMsA yA avirati sNsaar-maarg|' pratyAkhyAna moha kA kSayopazama hone para bhI pAMcaveM guNa-sthAna vAle vyakti kA jIvana deza-virati hotA hai| vaha kucha virata hotA hai, zeSa avirata rahatA hai| vaha jo virata-avirata hai yaha to sthiti hai|' isakA viveka yaha hai, jitanI virati utanA dharma-pakSa aura jitanI avirati utanA adharma pakSa, isalie deza-virati ko supta-jAgRta, dharmAdharmI, bAla-paMDita kahA jAtA hai| ye (bAla, paMDita Adi) jIvana ke do pakSa haiM, kintu mizraNa nhiiN| viratiavirati-donoM eka jIvana meM hote haiM, kintu unakA svarUpa eka nahIM hotaa| virati kI apekSA vyakti dharmI aura paMDita hotA hai aura avirati kI apekSA adharmI aura baal| yaha saMkulatA AdhAra kI hai, adhyavasAya yA pravRtti kI nhiiN| manuSya hiMsaka-ahiMsaka donoM hotA hai, ise kauna asvIkAra karatA hai ? asvIkAra isa bAta kA hai ki hiMsA-ahiMsA kA svarUpa aura unakI kAraNa-sAmagrI eka nahIM ho sakatI / sAdhanA-kAla meM pApa aura puNya donoM ho sakate haiM kintu sAdhanA meM puNya aura pApa donoM nahIM hote| tAtparya kI bhASA meM sAdhanA kA artha hai-virti| virati se pApa-bandha nahIM hotaa| prakArAntara se aise kahA jA sakatA hai ki virati hotI hai, usI se pApa-bandha rukatA hai| avirati jo zeSa rahatI hai, usase pApa kA bandha nahIM ruktaa| isakI carcA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI meM isa prakAra hai : 1. bhagavatI 16 / 6; 17 / 2 2. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 2 / 32

Page #176
162 ahiMsA tattva darzana gautama ne pUchA- bhagavan ! bAla-paMDita manuSya kyA nairayika kA AyuSya bAMdhatA hai ? yAvat devatA kA ? bhagavAn ne kahA--gautama ! vaha nairayika kA AyuSya nahIM bAMdhatA, devatA kA bAMdhatA hai| gautama-bhagavan ! isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? bhagavAn-gautama ! bAla-paMDita manuSya tathArUpa zramaNa-brAhmaNa se Arya-dharma kA vacana sunakara kucheka hiMsA Adi se virata hotA, kucheka se nahIM hotaa| kucheka hiMsA Adi kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai, kucheka kA nahIM krtaa| isalie vaha deza-virati hotA hai| vaha kucheka hiMsA Adi kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai, usI deza-pratyAkhyAna ke kAraNa vaha nairayika kA AyuSya nahIM bAMdhatA, yAvat deva-AyuSya bAMdhatA hai| ____ apratyAkhyAna-moha kA kSayopazama hone para sarva-virati hotA hai / yaha sAdhujIvana hai| yaha hiMsA-ahiMsA-saMkula nahIM hai| isameM bhI pramAda-janita hiMsA ho sakatI hai| avirati kI hiMsA, jo pAMcaveM guNa-sthAna taka satata pravAhita rahatI hai aura jIvana ko nirantara hiMsA-saMkula banAe rakhatI hai, vaha isake nahIM hotii| isIlie saMyamI yA savirati ke jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhana saMyamamaya hote haiN| avirati yA deza-virati ke jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhana usa koTi meM nahIM aate| samUce prapaMca kA sAra do zabdoM meM hai-vastu-vRtti ke svarUpa-bheda aura kAla-bheda kI apekSA eka vyakti kA jIvana hiMsA-ahiMsA-saMkula ho sakatA hai, kintu hiMsAahiMsA, avirati-virati, pApa-puNya kI kAraka zakti saMkula nahIM ho sktii|| bar3I hiMsA ko chor3a choTI hiMsA ko karanA--yaha sAdhanA kA mArga nahIM hai| sAdhanA kA aMza utanA hI hai, jitanA ki hiMsA kA prityaag| zeSa jo hiMsA hai, vaha sAdhanA nahIM hai| hiMsA kA alpIkaraNa hote-hote sAdhanA kA krama Age bar3hatA hai| AvazyakatA kA bandhana zithila hote-hote eka dina carama yA parama koTi kI sAdhanA prApta ho jAtI hai| phira saMsAra zeSa nahIM rhtaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke vRttikAra ne ise kathaMcit Arya aura pAramparya rUpa meM saba duHkha ke kSaya kA mArga aura ekAnta samyaktva batalAyA hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA viveka guNa-sthAna ke AdhAra para hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA viveka kara lenA acchA hogaa| yaha sahI hai-vAstavika hiMsA Atma-doSa-janita hotI hai| vyAvahArika 1. bhagavatI 18

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 163 aura vAstavika, donoM koTi kI hiMsA kI nivRtti ayogI-dazA (caturdaza guNasthAn) meM hotI hai| vItarAga ke zeSa tIna guNa-sthAnoM meM vyAvahArika yAnI kAyayoga-janita hisA ho sakatI hai, vAstavika nhiiN| avItarAga guNa-sthAnoM (sAtaveM se dasaveM taka) meM kaSAyAMzajanita antar-pariNati rUpa hiMsA hotI hai| chaThe meM pramAda-jIvana azubha yoga rUpa hiMsA ho sakatI hai, aviratijanita hiMsA nhiiN| zeSa pAMcoM meM pramAda-janita hiMsA kAdAcitka hotI hai aura avirati rUpa hiMsA nairntrik| chaThe guNasthAna vAle muni avirati rUpa hiMsA-nivRtti kI dRSTi se hI ahiMsaka haiN| pramAda-janita hiMsA kI dRSTi se ve kadAcit hiMsaka bhI ho sakate haiN| bhagavatI sUtra kA eka prakaraNa dekhie : gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! jIva kyA AtmArambha-Atma-hiMsaka hai yA parArambha-parahiMsaka yA ubhayArambha-ubhayahiMsaka yA anArambha-ahiMsaka? bhagavAn-gautama ! jIva AtmArambha bhI hote haiM, parArambha bhI, ubhayArambha bhI aura anArambha bhii| __ gautama-bhagavan ! vaha kaise ? bhagavAn gautama ! jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM--saMsArI aura siddha / siddha anArambha hote haiN| saMsArI jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM-saMyata aura asaMyata / saMyata do prakAra ke hote haiM--pramatta saMyata aura apramatta sNyt| apramattasaMyata anArambha hote haiN| pramatta-saMyata zubha yoga kI apekSA anArambha hote haiM aura azubha yoga kI apekSA AtmArambha, parArambha aura ubhayArambha-tInoM hote haiM, anArambha nahIM hote| asaMyata avirati kI apekSA AtmArambha, parArambha aura ubhayArambha hote haiM, anArambha nahIM hote| sAdhu aura gRhastha meM itanA antara haigRhastha avirati kI apekSA sadA sarvathA hiMsaka hotA hai, usa sthiti meM chaThe guNasthAna kA adhikArI kadAcit pramAda-kAla meM hI hiMsaka hotA hai, zeSa kAla meM nhiiN| puNya aura dharma svarUpa-bheda puNya dharma se nahIM hotaa| pApa jaise adharma se jur3A huA hai, vaise puNya dharma se jur3A huA nahIM hai| jahAM adharma, vahAM pApa-bandha-jaisI vyApti hai| puNya kI dharma ke sAtha ekAnta-vyApti nahIM hai| dharma ke do krama haiM -saMvara aura nirjraa| saMvara se karma mAtra kA nirodha hotA hai| nirjarA ke sAtha puNya kA thor3A-sA lagAva hai| nirjarA se puNya nahIM hotaa| vaha nirjarA kA sahacArI hai| nirjarA hotI hai, vahAM puNya-bandha hotA hai, vaha bhI ekAntataH nhiiN| sarvanirjarA (caturdaza-guNasthAna kI

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164 ahiMsA tattva darzana nirjarA) ke samaya vaha nahIM hotaa| vaha deza nirjarA ke sAtha AtA hai| puNya ke sAtha nirjarA kI vyApti hai, nirjarA ke sAtha pUNya kI vyApti nahIM hai| jahAM puNya-bandha hai, vahAM nirjarA avazya hai| kintu jahAM nirjarA hai, vahAM puNya-bandha hai bhI aura nahIM bhii| adharma ke sahaja rUpa cAra haiM-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda tathA kssaay| ye cAra pApa ke hetu haiN| dharma ke sahaja rUpa pAMca haiM--samyaktva, virati, apramAda, akaSAya tathA ayog| ye pAMca pApa aura puNya donoM ke hetu nahIM haiN| jIva kI eka dazA aura bAkI hai| vaha hai yoga / vivAda-sthala yahI hai| mana, vANI aura zarIra ke prayatna mAtra kI samaSTi saMjJA yoga hai| yoga apane Apa meM zubha-azubha kucha bhI nahIM hai| cAra AsravoM se anugata hotA hai, taba vaha azubha ho jAtA hai aura samyaktva Adi se anugata hotA hai, taba shubh| karma-zAstra kI bhASA meM moha ke udaya se prerita ho pravartane vAlA (audayika) vIrya azubha aura moha ke kSayopazama se prerita ho pravartane vAlA (kSAyopazamikAdi) vIrya zubha / zubha yoga se nirjarA hotI hai| nirjarA ke samaya hone vAlA bandha pApa kA nahIM hotaa| AtmA kI pravRtti, spandana yA ejana hai, vahAM bandha avazya hotA hai| kintu puNya-pApa donoM kA bandha eka sAtha nahIM hotA, sahaja rUpa se baMdhane vAle pApa ke sAtha-sAtha puNya bhI baMdhatA hai, yaha dUsarI bAta hai| cAra Asrava kA pApa-bandha niraMtara aura sahaja hotA hai| azubha yoga se baMdhane vAlA pApa nirantara nahIM hotaa| sahaja bhI nhiiN| vaha azubha prayatna hone para hI baMdhatA hai / puNya nirantara aura sahaja bhAva se nahIM bNdhtaa| usakA bandha zubha prayatna se hI hotA hai| puNya bandha hotA hai, usa samaya bhI sahaja bhAva se pUrvavartI cAra Asrava dvArA pApa bandha hotA rahatA hai| isa dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai ki puNya aura pApa eka sAtha bhI hote haiM kintu pravRtti rUpa meM puNya-pApa kA bandha eka sAtha nahIM hotaa| kAraNa sApha hai| pravRtti rUpa puNya-pApa ke hetu zubha-azubha yoga haiN| ve donoM eka sAtha nahIM hote| yoga zubha yA azubha hotA hai, mizra nhiiN|2 adhyavasAya kI do hI rAzi haiM-1. zubha 2. azubha / tIsarI rAzi nahIM hai| kriyA do prakAra kI hotI hai- samyak aura asamyak / usakA mizra rUpa nahIM hotA / gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA : 1. (ka) Avazyaka cUNi 2; (kha) nava sadbhAva padArtha nirNaya 1166 2. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 1135 : subho vA'subhovA saeNa smymmi| 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavRtti 1136

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ahiMsA tattva darzana __ bhagavan ! anya tIthika aisA kahate haiM, prajJApanA aura prarUpaNA karate haiMeka jIva eka samaya meM do kriyAeM karatA hai| ve do kriyAeM haiM-samyak aura mithyaa| jisa samaya samyaka kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya mithyA bhI karatA hai aura jisa samaya mithyA kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya samyak kriyA bhI karatA hai| samyak kriyA karane ke dvArA mithyA kriyA karatA hai aura mithyA kriyA karane ke dvArA samyak kriyA karatA hai| isa prakAra eka jIva eka samaya meM do kriyAeM karatA hai| yaha kaise, bhagavan ? __ bhagavAn ne kahA--gautama ! eka jIva eka samaya do kriyAeM karatA hai, yaha jo kahA jAtA hai, vaha saca nahIM hai| maiM isa prakAra kahatA hUM, prajJApanA aura prarUpaNA karatA hUM, eka jIva eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA karatA hai-samyak yA mithyaa| jisa samaya samyak kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya mithyA kriyA nahIM karatA aura jisa samaya mithyA kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya samyak kriyA nahIM krtaa| samyak kriyA karane ke dvArA mithyA kriyA nahIM karatA aura mithyA kriyA karane ke dvArA samyak kriyA nahIM krtaa| isa prakAra eka jIva eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA karatA hai-samyak yA mithyaa| mana, vacana aura kAya kA vyAyAma eka samaya meM eka hI prakAra kA hotA hai| utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra aura parAkrama bhI eka samaya meM eka hI hotA hai| ___karmazAstra kI dRSTi se bhI eka samaya meM eka hI prakAra kA adhyavasAya hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie vedanIya karma ko lIjie, usakI do prakRtiyAM haiM -sAta aura asaat| usakA baMdha sAta, asAta-ina do hI prakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai| sAtAsAta jaisI mizra prakRti kA bandha nahIM hotaa| gautama ne pUchA-bhagavan ! jIva sAta vedanIya karma karate haiM ? bhagavAn- hAM, gautama ! karate haiN| gautama-bhagavan ! jIva asAta vedanIya karma karate haiM ? bhagavAn - hAM, gautama ! karate haiN| karma-grantha bhI yahI batAtA hai-vedanIya kI eka samaya meM eka hI prakRti baMdhatI hai|" 1. jIvAbhigama 3 / 2 / 104 2. sthAnAMga 1 3. vahI, 1 4. bhagavatI 7 / 6 / 286 5. karmagrantha 581

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166 ahiMsA tattva darzana sAta aura asAta-ye donoM adhruvabaMdhI aura adhU vodayI prakRtiyAM haiN| ye donoM paraspara virodhI haiM, isalie inakA eka sAtha na bandha hotA hai aura na udaya / inakI vedanA bhI eka sAtha nahIM hotii| yadyapi vedanA' ko mizra batAyA hai kintu vaha vyAvahArika hai, sthUlakAla kI saMkalanA mAtra hai, tAtvika nhiiN| jaisAki TIkAkAra AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai-'atrApi tAvantaM vivakSitakAlamekaM vivakSitatvAt sAtAsAtAnubhavo yugapat pratipAditaH paramArthatastvekava veditavya iti|' Upara ke sabhI pramANoM se yahI jAna par3atA hai ki Atma-vIrya (yoga) mizra nahIM hotaa| vaha mAtra-puNyahetuka yA mAtra-pApahetuka hotA hai| sakaSAya jIvana : eka aura akhaNDa vItarAga ke pApa kA bandha hotA hI nhiiN| usake kevala puNya kA bandha hetA hai| avItarAga yA sakaSAya vyakti ke pApa kA bandha nirantara hotA rahatA hai| isIlie puNya-bandha ke samaya bhI usake kevala nirjarA yA kevala puNya-bandha hotA hai-- aisI mAnyatA nahIM hai| AcArya bhikSu kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki kartavya rUpa do kArya (yoga kI pravRtti se baMdhane vAle puNya-pApa) eka sAtha nahIM ho skte| puNya-baMdha, jisa pravRtti kA sahacArI hai, usase pApa nahIM baMdhatA aura jisase pApa-bandha hotA hai, usake sAtha puNya kA bandha nahIM hotaa| sakaSAya jIvana eka aura akhaNDa hotA to usake jaise pApa kA bandha nirantara aura binA prayatna ke bhI hotA rahatA hai, vaise puNya kA bandha bhI nirantara aura sahaja hI hotaa| kintu aisA nahIM hotaa| isalie kahA jA sakatA hai ki sakaSAya jIvana kA pratyeka kSaNa puNya-pApa-mizrita nahIM hotaa| puNya-bandha ke samaya mithyAtva Adi kI Antarika malinatA dvArA sahaja pApa baMdhatA hai, isa dRSTi se ve kSaNa mizrita kahe jA sakate haiM, kintu yogarUpa pravRtti aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa vaMdhane vAle puNya-pApa ke kSaNa mizrita nahIM hote| sakaSAya jIvana meM zubha yoga hotA hai| usa samaya kaSAya vidyamAna rahatA hai para zubha yoga tajjanita nahIM hotaa| vaha cAritra moha ke vilaya janita hotA hai| yoga kaSAya se vAsita hokara zubha nahIM hotA kintu kaSAya ke yAvat mAtra vilaya se vAsita hokara vaha zubha hotA hai| karmazAstra kI bhASA meM moha-karma kA audayika bhAva-yoga zubha nahIM hotaa| kintu moha-karma kA kSAyopazamikabhAva-yoga zubha hotA hai| puNya-pApa ke hetu ko svataMtra mAnane se guNasthAna kI vyavasthA vizRMkhala nahIM bntii| 1. prajJApanA 35 // 328 : tivihAveyaNA paNNattA taMjahA-sAtA, asAtA, saataasaataa|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 167 guNasthAna moha-vilaya kI kramika dazAeM haiN| Asrava aura moha kA jyoM-jyoM vilaya hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM Atmika guNoM kA vikAsa hotA calA jAtA hai| inameM pahale tIna guNasthAnoM meM nirjarA, zubha-azubha yoga janita puNya-pApa aura mithyAtvAdi Asrava janita nairantarika pApa-ye saba hote haiN| ___ cauthe guNasthAna meM mithyAtva Asrava nahIM hotaa| zeSa saba hote haiN| chaThe meM avirati nahIM hotii| pramAda Adi zeSa saba hote haiN| sAtavAM apramAdI hai| yahAM se azubha-yoga-janita pApa-bandha ruka jAte haiN| dasaveM guNasthAna taka kevala nairantarika pApa-bandha hotA hai| gyArahaveM se lekara Age vaha sUkSma adhyavasAya-janita nairantarika pApa bhI nahIM hotaa| vahAM terahaveM taka kevala puNya-bandha aura nirjarA hotI hai tathA caturdaza guNasthAna meM kevala nirjarA hotI hai| ina caudaha guNasthAnoM meM yathocita nirjarA, puNya va pApa-ina tInoM ke sthAna haiM / kintu eka pravRtti se puNya-pApa kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| isalie puNya-pApa ke nimittabhUta yoga ko amizra mAnane para kucha bhI bAdhA Ae-aisA nahIM lgtaa|

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dAna-mImAMsA AcArya bhikSu ne kahA-'saMyamI dAna mokSa kA mArga hai aura asaMyamI dAna saMsAra kA / ' 'samuccaya dAna meM dharma hai'.-aisA kahane vAle jina-dharma kI zailI nahIM pakar3a ske| unhoMne gAya aura Aka ke dUdha kA mizraNa kara DAlA-AcArya bhikSu kA yaha mata thaa|' asaMmI ko dAna do, mata do-yaha unakA pratipAdya viSaya nahIM thaa| dene vAlA detA hai, lene vAlA letA hai, usa samaya sAdhu dAna ke guNa-doSa nahIM btaataa| kAraNa yaha hai ki sAdhu kisI ke antarAya dene kA icchuka nhiiN| tattvacarcA yA tattva-nirUpaNa ke samaya jo vastu-sthiti hai use prakaTa karanA hI caahie| asaMyamI-dAna ko dharma na mAnanA parokSa rUpa meM usakA niSedha nahIM to kyA hai ? sthUla dRSTi meM kucha aisI hI ulajhana AtI hai ? para AcArya bhikSu ne ise bar3I mAmikatA se sulajhAyA hai| ve kahate haiM-asaMyamI dAna kA niSedha karanA aura asaMyamI dAna ko saMsAra-mArga yA azubha karma-bandha kA hetu batAnA eka bAta nahIM hai| niSedha vaha hotA hai yadi dAna dete ko roke yA Toke / kintu pApa yAnI azubha-karmabandha ko azubha-karma-bandha kahA jAe, yaha to nirmala jJAna hai, hai ko hai kahanA hai, vastu. sthiti kA sahI svIkAra hai / sAdhu bhikSA ke lie gayA taba use eka ghara meM gAlI aura Akroza milA, dUsare ghara meM apane yahAM Ane kA niSedha milaa| sAdhu gAlI milI, vahAM phira jA sakatA hai kintu niSedha kiyA, vahAM nahIM jA sktaa| isase sApha hotA hai ki kaThora zabda aura niSedha do vastueM haiN| asaMyamI dAna pApa yA azubha karma-bandha kA hetu hai to koI kyoM degA? yaha 1. vratAvrata caupaI : samace dAna meM dharma kahai to, nahiM jina dharma selI re / ___ Aka ne gAya no dUdha ajJAnI, kara diyo bhela sabhelI re|| 2. vahI 3 / 10 3. vahI 3 / 17,26 4. vahI 3 / 36,40,42,43

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 166 prazna AtA jarUra hai para mUlyavAn nahIM hai| koI nahIM degA-isalie kyA saMsAra-mArga ko mokSa-mArga batA janatA ko bhulAve meM DAlanA cAhie ? 'tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' jaise saMkalpa ko pUrA karane vAlA darzana 'jyotiSo mA tamo gamaya' ke patha para nahIM cala sakatA aura na use calanA hI caahie| supAtra-kupAtra 'terApaMthI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sivAya saMsAra ke saba jIva kupAtra haiM / ' terApaMtha kI yaha mAnyatA kataI nahIM hai / AcArya bhikSu ne vyaktiparaka siddhAnta-vivecana kabhI nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne amuka supAtra aura amuka kupAtra - yaha nahIM kahA-unhoMne supAtra-kupAtra ke lakSaNa batAe-inakI vyAkhyA dii|' adhyAtmavAda ke anusAra supAtra-kupAtra kI carcA mukhyatayA dAna ke prasaMga meM AtI hai| supAtra kA artha hotA hai-dAna ke yogya aura kupAtra kA artha hai-dAna ke ayogya / dAna ke yogya yA dAna kA adhikArI ekamAtra saMyamI hai| vaha bhikSA-mAtrajIvI hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'nava koTi zuddha'-bhikSA kA nirdeza kiyA hai, vaha saMyamI ke lie hI hai / vaha saMyamI jIvoM ko na mAratA hai, na maravAtA hai aura na mArane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha na bhojana pakAtA hai, na dUsaroM se pakavAtA hai aura na pakAne vAle kA anumodana hI karatA hai, vaha kisI vastu ko na mola letA hai, na lene kI preraNA detA hai aura na anumodana hI karatA hai| gRhastha isa navakoTi bhikSA kA adhikArI nahIM hai / gRhastha gRhastha ko vastu kA dAna detA hai, use asaMyata-dharma aura dravya-dharma kahA hai| dAna kI dRSTi se saMyamI isalie supAtra hai ki usakA khAna-pAna samUcA ahiMsAmaya hotA hai| saMyamI ahiMsaka vRtti se prApta bhikSA ko ahiMsaka zarIra ke nirvAha ke lie ahiMsA-vidhi se khAtA hai| usakA khAnA saMyamamaya hai, isalie usakA bhikSA pAnA bhI saMyamamaya hai| jisakA khAnA saMyamamaya nahIM, usakA pAnA bhI saMyamamaya nahIM hotA / gRhastha asaMyamI hotA hai, isalie usakA khAna-pAna ahiMsaka zarIra kA poSaka nahIM mAnA jaataa| vaha na to ahiMsaka vidhi se bhojana pAtA hai aura na ahiMsaka zarIra ke nirvAha ke lie bhojana karatA hai / isalie vaha dAna kA adhikArI nahIM aura isI 1. dekheM bhikSudRSTAnta 66, 100 2. sthAnAMga 6681 3. sUtrakRtAMga 1114 asAhu dhamme .. 4, vahI 116 : vRtti|

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170 ahiMsA tattva darzana lie use dAna kI dRSTi se kupAtra yAnI dAna ke lie ayogya kahA jAtA hai / AcArya bhikSu ne gRhastha ko ekAntataH kupAtra nahIM mAnA hai / usake jIvana ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai--saMyama - jIvana aura asaMyama- jIvana athavA tyAga - jIvana aura bhoga - jIvana | saMyama - jIvana kI dRSTi se gRhastha supAtra hai aura asaMyama - jIvana kI dRSTi se kupAtra / sUtrakRtAMga adhyayana 11 meM tIna pakSa batAe haiM- dharma, adharma aura mizra [ dharmaadharma] sarva-virati saMyamI dharma pakSa meM AtA hai, asUyamI adharma pakSa meM, dezavirati jo vratI aura avratI donoM meM hotA hai vaha mizra pakSa meM / zrAvaka gRhastha ke vrata dharma aura avrata adharma hotA hai, isIlie use dharmI- adharmI, saMyamI - asaMyamI vratI -avratI aura bAla - paMDita kahA gayA hai / vrata kI dRSTi se zrAvaka dharmI, saMyamI, tI aura paMDita hotA hai aura avrata kI dRSTi se adharmI, asaMyamI, avratI aura bAla / gRhastha yA zrAvaka kA khAna-pAna asaMyamamaya hai, isalie vaha svayaM khAe yA dUsarA use khilAe, vaha mokSa dharma nahIM hai / gRhastha svayaM pAe yA dUsarA use de, mokSa dharma nahIM hai / AcArya bhikSu gRhastha jIvana kI hiMsaka pravRttiyoM kI supAtratA svIkAra nahIM karate, yaha unakA mArmika dRSTikoNa hai / ve kahate haiM - jo loga hiMsA kI vRtti ko supAtra mAnate haiM, ve jina-dharma yA vItarAga - mArga ke anajAna haiM / gRhastha ekAntataH supAtra ho kaise sakatA hai ? hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya, parigraha kA sevana karane vAloM ko ekAnta supAtra mAnane vAle aMdhere meM haiM / eka prANI ko mArane kA tyAga karane vAlA bhI zrAvaka ho jAtA hai / vaha usakI supAtratA hai kintu Tata kI jo hiMsAmaya pravRtti hai, vaha supAtratA nahIM ho sakatI / gRhastha mAtra ko ekAntataH kupAtra kahate haiM ve bhI bhUle jA rahe haiM / kahanA hogA - unhoMne AcArya bhikSu kA dRSTikoNa samajhA nahIM / unhoMne jayAcArya kI vANI kA marma nahIM chuA / AcArya bhikSu aura jayAcArya ne jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa kI apekSA gRhastha ko supAtra ' aura inake abhAva kI apekSA unheM kupAtra kahA hai / isakA pramANa unhIM kI racanAeM de rahI haiM / pAtra-apAtra yA supAtra - kupAtra kI carcA bhAratIya sAhitya meM vipula mAtrA meM 1. vratAvrata caupaI 4118-20, 32-40 2 . vahI 4 / 20 3. vahI 4 / 23 4. vahI 4 / 31 -

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 171 milatI hai| mokSa-dAna ke lie saMyamI ke sivA aura koI supAtra nahIM mAnA jaataa| AcArya bhikSu ne isI tattva ko sApha-sApha aura krAnta rUpa meM rkhaa| yaha unakA pratipAdya viSaya nahIM thA ki gRhasthoM ko ekAnta kupAtra kahA jAe / unake vicAroM se matabheda rakhane vAle kucha logoM dvArA aisA bhrama phailAyA gayA aura vyAvahArika bAteM khar3I kara logoM ko ulajhAne kI ceSTAeM kI gaIM kintu sahI sthiti vaisI hai nhiiN| pAtra-kupAtra-vicAra supAtrAyApyapAtrAya, dAnaM deyaM yathocitama / pAtrabuddha yA niSiddhaM syAd, niSiddhaM na kRpAdhiyA / ___ yaha digambara paM0 rAjamalla kA abhimata hai-'pAtra aura apAtra donoM ko yathocita dAna denA cAhie kintu apAtra ko pAtra-buddhi se dAna denA niSiddha hai| use kRpA-buddhi yA anukampA-buddhi se dAna denA niSiddha nahIM hai|' tAtparya yaha hogA ki mokSa-dAna ke lie jo apAtra yA kupAtra hai vaha bhI anukampA dAna ke lie pAtra hai| mokSa-dAna kA pAtra saMyamI hotA hai| anukampA-dAna kA pAtra hotA hai-dIna, duHkhI, bhUkhA, pyAsA, rogI, mlaan| AcArya haribhadra ke vicArAnusAra : sIlavvayarahiyANaM, dANaM jaM dijjai kupattANaM / taM khalu dhovaI vatthaM, rudirakayaM lohiteNeva // zIlavrata-rahita vyakti kupAtra haiN| unheM dAna denA vaisA hai, jaise lahU se bhare kapar3e ko lahU se dhonaa| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM : sappurisANaM dANaM, kappataruNa phalANa sohaM vA / lohINaM dANaM jai, vimANa sohAsavvassa jaannei|| satpuruSoM ko dAna denA kalpataru kI bhAMti phala dene vAlA hai-zobhA lAtA hai| lobhI ko dAna denA mRtaka kI rathI kI zobhA jaisA hai| amRtacandrasUri ke vicAra par3hie : hiMsAyAH paryAyo lobha:--lobha hiMsA kA paryAya hai-dUsarA nAma hai| lobhI jo hai, vaha hiMsaka hai| piNDaniyukti (455) meM likhA hai : 2. rayaNasAra 26 1. hAribhadrIya aSTaka adhyAya 21 / 3. amitagati-zrAvakAcAra

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dANaM na hoi aphalaM, pattamapattesu snnijujjNtN| iya vibhaNie vi dosA, pasaMsao kiM puNa aptte|| pAtra yA apAtra kisI ko do, dAna aphala nahIM hotA-aisA kahanA bhI doSa hai, taba bhalA apAtra-dAna kI prazaMsA kare, usakA to kahanA hI kyA ? 'apAtra-dAna kA phala pApa ke sivA kucha nahIM hai| bAlukaNoM ko pIlane vAlA kevala kheda hI prApta karatA hai / asaMyamI ko dAna dekara jo puNya' kI icchA karatA hai, vaha Aga meM bIja DAlakara anAja paidA karanA cAhatA hai' -AcArya amigati ke ye vicAra unake zabdoM meM isa prakAra hai : 'apAtradAnataH kiMcit, na phalaM pApataH param / labhyate hi phalaM khedo, bAlukA-piNDapIDane / ' 'vitIrya yo dAnamasaMyamAtmane, janaH phalaM kAMkSati puNyalakSaNam / vitIrya bIjaM jvalite sa pAvake, samIhate zasyamapAstadUSaNam / / AdipurANa meM likhA hai-'apAtra ko dAna dene vAlA 'kumAnuSatva' pAtA hainIca manuSya banatA hai| lohamaya naukA jaise pAra nahIM pahuMcAtI, vaise hI doSavAn vyakti saMsAra ke pAra nahIM lgaataa| jaise : / kumAnuSatvamApnoti, jnturdddpaatrke| nahiM lohamayaM yAnapAtra-muttArayet param // 141 tathA karmabharAbhrAnto, doSavAn naiva tArakaH // 144 mahApurANa ke dAna-saMbandhI vicAra : pAtraM rAgAdibhirdoSaH, aspRSTo guNavAn bhavet / tacca tredhA jaghanyAdi-bhedairbhedamupeyivat // jaghanyaM zIlavAn mithyA-dRSTizca puruSo bhavet / sadRSTimadhyamaM pAtraM, niHshiilvtbhaavtH| sadRSTiH zIlasampanna:, paatrmuttmmissyte| kudRSTiryo vizIlazca, naivapAtramasau mataH / / kumAnuSatvamApnoti, janturdadadapAtrake / azodhitamivAlAbu, taddhi dAnaM pradUSayet // AmapAtre yathA kSiptaM, makSa kSIrAdi nazyati / apAtrepi tathA dattaM, taddhi svaM tacca nAzayet // doSavAn naiva tArakaH / tataH paramanirvANa-sAdhanarUpamudvahan / 2. amitagati-zrAvakAcAra

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 173 kAyasthityarthamAhAra-micchan jJAnAdisiddhaye // na vAMchan balamAyurvA, svAda vA dehapoSaNam / kevalaM prANadhRtyarthaM, santuSTo grAsamAtrayA / / pAtraM bhaveda guNarebhiH, muniH svaparatArakaH / tasmai dattaM punAtyannaM, apunarjanmakAraNam / / __mahApurANa, parva 20 / 136-145 isa prakAra pacAsoM granthoM meM pAtra-kupAtra yA apAtra kA vicAra milatA hai kintu dhyAna rakhie-yaha saba dAna ke prasaMga meM huA hai| dAna ke lie pAtra kaura aura kupAtra kauna, dUsare zabdoM meM dAna kA adhikArI kauna aura anadhikArI ko yA dAna ke yogya kauna aura ayogya kauna ---yaha carcA gayA hai| yaha vicA adhyAtma-darzana yA dharmazAstroM ke dvArA huA hai, isalie sAMsArika dAna kI dRSi se anukampA kI paristhiti meM sabhI prANI dAna ke pAtra, Aja kI bhASA meM saha yoga ke adhikArI mAne gae haiM aura mokSadAna kI dRSTi se pAtra kevala saMyamI mA gae haiM aura asaMyamI kupAtra / tAtparya yaha hai ki asaMyamI vyakti mokSArtha dAna le ke ayogya haiN| prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne pAtra-kupAtra kA vivecana karate hue AdhyAtmika guru ko mA daNDa mAnA hai| vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai.---'jo samyaktva, zI aura vrata rahita hai, vaha apAtra hai| vrata, niyama aura saMyama ko dhAraNa karane vAra sAdhu uttama pAtra hotA hai|' AdipurANa meM bhI aisI hI vyavasthA hai-'pAMca aNuvratoM ko pAlane vAla samyak dRSTi madhyama pAtra hai, sAdhu uttama pAtra hai aura kudRSTi aura zIla rahi vyakti pAtra nahIM hai|' ___ eka dUsarI vyavasthA aura lIjie-saMyamI utkRSTa pAtra hai, aNuvratI madhya pAtra hai, samyag dRSTi jaghanya pAtra hai, samyagdRSTi nahIM kintu vratI hai, vaha kupa hai aura jo na samyagdRSTi hai, na vratI hai vaha apAtra hai| mUla zloka par3hie: 'utkRSTapAtramanagAramaNuvratADhyaM, madhyaM vratena rahitaM sudRzaM jaghanyam / nidarzanaM vratanikAyayutaM kupAtraM, yugmojjhitaM naramapAtramidaM hi viddhi // ' aba AcArya bhikSu ke vicAra para manana krie| ve kahate haiM. ekAntataH sura saMyamI hai| zrAvaka yAnI aNuvratI supAtra bhI hai aura kupAtra bhii| jitanI sImA vratI hai, utanI sImA taka supAtra hai aura avrata kI sImA meM vaha kupAtra hai| sara dRSTi supAtra bhI hai aura kupAtra bhii| samyagdRSTi jJAna, tapasyA Adi guNoM

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ahiMsA tattva darzana apekSA supAtra aura doSa kI apekSA kupAtra hai| mithyAdRSTi aura avratI kupAtra hai| yaha vyavasthA vyaktiparaka nahIM, guNaparaka hai| Atma-guNa yA niravadya pravRtti kI apekSA vyakti ko supAtra aura Atma-vicAra yA sAvadya pravRtti kI apekSA use kupAtra kahA jAtA hai| asaMyamI kA khAna-pAna niravadya nahIM hai| isalie vaha khAnapAna kI dRSTi se saMyamI nahIM hai / ise saMyama kI dRSTi se prkhie| koI ulajhana nahIM hogii| AcArya bhikSu ke vicArAnusAra kupAtra kA artha hai-asaMyamI / asaMyamI kupAtra hai aura saMyamI supAtra yA aise kahanA cAhie ki kupAtra bhAva kA AdhAra asaMyama hai aura supAtra bhAva kA AdhAra saMyama / ve asaMyamI ke lie kupAtra zabda kA prayoga karate haiM : 'asaMjatI nai jIvAM bacAviyAM, bale asaMjatI nai diyAM daan|' 'kupAtra jIvAM nai bacAviyAM, kupAtra nai diyAM dAna / ' pahalI gAthA meM jisa artha meM asaMjatI-asaMyamI zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, usI artha meM isakI agalI gAthA meM kupAtra zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| purAno paramparA prazna-pyAse ko pAnI pilAne se mahAn upakAra hotA hai| pAnI kA mUla srota hai--kUpa, tAlAba aadi| isalie sAdhu inakI khudAI kA upadeza de yA nahIM? uttara-sAdhu ko aisA upadeza denA ThIka nahIM aura na inakA niSedha karanA caahie| ye donoM sadoSa haiM, isalie niSiddha haiM / jaisAki AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyayana ke pAMcaveM uddezaka meM kahA hai-muni prANa, bhUta, jIva, sattvoM kI ghAta na kare / svataH anAzAtaka -hiMsA na karane vAlA dUsaroM se hiMsA na karAne vAlA aura hiMsA karate vyakti kA anumodana na karane vAlA muni jaise prANa, bhUta, jIva, sattvoM ko pIr3A na upaje, vaisA dharma khe| ___jo vyakti laukika, kuprAvacanika aura pArzvastha-zithilAcArI sAdhu ke dAna kI prazaMsA karate haiM, kueM aura tAlAba banAne kA samarthana karate haiM to inameM pRthvIkAyika Adi jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai aura yadi inakA niSedha karate haiM to dUsaroM ke antarAya hotA hai| vaha bhI bandha-vipAka kA kAraNa hai| jaisA ki kahA hai-jo dAna kI prazaMsA karate haiM, ve prANiyoM ke vadha kI icchA karate haiM aura jo usakA pratiSedha karate haiM, ve vRtticcheda karate haiM / isalie muni ko ukta dAna tathA kUpa, tAlAba Adi kA vidhi-pratiSedha kie binA zuddha dAna kI prarUpaNA karanI caahie|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 175 muni ko kUpa, tAlAba Adi khudAne kA na upadeza denA cAhie aura na niSedha karanA cAhie-isakA yaha vicAra hai| prazna-sAdhu ke sivA anyadarzanI ko zrAvaka bhakta Adi kA dAna dete haiM, taba zrAvaka ko samyaktva meM doSa lagatA hai yA nahIM? unheM diyA jAe to anyadarzanI asAdhu sAdhu ke samAna ho jAte haiM aura agara unheM na diyA jAe to vaha lokaviruddha kArya hai aura nirdayatA lagatI hai| isalie kyA karanA cAhie? uttara-paramArtha-dRSTi meM anyadarzanI ko dharma-buddhi se dAna diyA jAe, taba samyaktva meM doSa lagatA hai| anukampA buddhi se de, use kauna rokane vAlA hai| jaise-Avazyaka bRhadvRtti ke zrAvaka-samyaktvAdhikAra meM haribhadra sUri ne kahA hai-isameM kauna-sA doSa hai, jisase mithyAdRSTiyoM ko azanAdi dAna kA pratiSedha hai ? unake bhaktoM kA mithyAtva sthira hotA hai| unheM dharma-buddhi se de to samyaktva meM doSa lagatA hai tathA Arambha Adi doSa bar3hate haiN| karuNA ke kSetra meM ApadgrastoM ko anukampApUrvaka denA cAhie bhI-isalie kahA hai- 'durjaya rAga, dveSa, moha ko jItane vAle tIrthaMkaroM ne prANI kI anukampA ke lie die jAne vAle dAna kA kahIM bhI pratiSedha nahIM kiyA haiN|' dIkSA se pUrva tIrthaMkara anukampApUrvaka vArSika dAna dete haiN| SaDAvazyaka kI vRtti meM 'suhiesu' isa gAthA kI dUsarI vyAkhyA meM aise dAna ko ucita dAna ke rUpa meM deya batalAyA hai / athavA sukhita yAnI asaMyatI, duHkhita yAnI pArzvastha-inheM rAgadveSapUrvaka dAna diyA ho, usakI isa gAthA ke dvArA zrAvaka nindA aura gardA karatA hai na ki dIna Adi ko jo anukampA-dAna diyA jAtA hai, usakI / 'kRpaNa, anAtha, daridra, kaSTa-grasta, rogI, zoka-hata vyaktiyoM ko anukampA kI buddhi se jo diyA jAtA hai, vaha anukampA dAna hai|" aura kahA hai--'yaha jo pAtra aura apAtra kI vicAraNA hai, vaha mokSArtha-dAna yAnI mokSa-phala vAle dAna ke lie hai| jo dayA dAna hai, usakA sarvajJoM ne kahIM bhI niSeSa nahIM kiyA hai| dharmAdharma ke nirNaya kI kasauTI virati hai, veza nahIM veza yA liMga nitAnta vyAvahArika hai| vaha dharma-adharma, saMyatI-asaMyatI kA nirNAyaka nahIM hotaa| kevala veza ko dekhakara dAna denA yA na denA--yaha bhI koI 1. kRpaNe'nAthadaridra, vyasanavyApte ca rogshokhte| taddIyate kRpAtha, anukampAto bhaved dAnam // 2. iyaM mokSaphale dAne, pAtrA'pAtra vicaarnnaa| dayAdAnaM tu sarvajJaiH, kutrApi na niSibhyate / / -samayasundaropAdhyAyaviracita vizeSazataka /

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176 ahisA tattva darzana bar3A tattva nahIM hai| amuka veza vAle ko dAna diyA jAe, amuka ko nahIM, aisA vidhAna sambhavataH koI bhI sampradAya nahIM krtaa| saMyamI-dAna mokSa-hetuka hai aura asaMyamI-dAna saMsAra-hetuka / saMyamI-dAna parigraha kI virati hai, isalie vaha mokSa kA hetu hai / asaMyamI-dAna parigraha kI virati nahIM hai, isalie vaha saMsAra kA hetu hai| yaha vastu-sthiti hai / vyavahAra meM saMyamI-asaMyamI dAna kA viveka apanI-apanI mAnyatA hai / tattvavettA kA kArya usakA vizleSaNa karanA hai| vyavahAra calAnA unakA kAma hotA hai jo vyavahAra meM rahate haiM / AcArya bhikSu ne yaha kabhI nahIM kahA ki amuka ko mata do, unhoMne sirpha dAna aura dAtA kA vizleSaNa karate hue batAyA-- pAtra-kupAtra hara koI ne devai, tiNane kahIje dAtAra / pAtra-dAna mukti ro pAvar3iyo, kupAtra sUM rule saMsAra / isakA sAra yahI hai ki dAtA pAtra yAnI saMyamI aura apAtra yAnI asaMyamIdonoM ko detA hai| usameM jo saMyamI-dAna hai, vaha mokSa kA mArga hai aura asaMyamIdAna saMsAra kA / dAtA dAna ke samaya parIkSA karane nahIM baiThatA / aura na kahIM aisA dekhane-sunane meM bhI AyA hai ki koI bhI vyakti saMyamI ko hI de, anya kisI ko na de| gRhastha jIvana meM virati-avirati donoM hote hai| vaha donoM ko eka rUpa na samajha baiThe, yaha viveka hI bar3I bAta hai| dAna kI koTi kA nirNaya na kevala dAtA kI bhAvanA se hotA hai, na kevala grAhaka kI yogyatA se| usakI koTi kA nirNaya dAtA kI bhAvanA, grAhaka kI yogyatA aura deya vastu kI zuddhi, ina tInoM para nirbhara hai| hameM dekhanA hogA, dAtA kI bhAvanA parigraha-mukti kI hai yA usake viniyoga kI ? grAhaka parigraha-mukta hai yA parigraha-yukta / aparigrahI amamatva bhAva se sAdhana mAtra letA hai / vaha aparigrahI hai, isalie aparigrahAtmaka dAna Atma-zuddhi kA sAdhana banatA hai| parigrahI grAhaka deya vastu ko mamatva buddhi se letA hai, isalie usa dAna meM dAtA parigraha kA viniyoga kara degA kintu usakI (parigraha kI) kriyA se vaha nahIM bcegaa| isa sUkSma mImAMsA kI bhUmikA meM pahuMcakara hameM kahanA hogA ki vaha dAna vastuvRttyA Atma-mukti kA mArga nahIM hai| dAna kI koTi kA nirNaya karate samaya hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bhaviSya ke pariNAmoM se usakA tAttvika sambandha nahIM hotaa| grAhaka Age puNya yA pApa, dharma yA adharma, jo kucha karegA, usa para se dAna kA svarUpa nizcita nahIM hotaa| usake svarUpa-nizcaya meM grAhaka kI vartamAna avasthA hI AdhArabhUta mAnI jAtI hai| dasa prakAra ke dAna sthAnAMga sUtra meM dAna ke dasa prakAra batalAe haiM :

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 1. anukampA - dAna ---- garIba, dIna-duHkhI ko denA / 2. saMgraha - dAna - kaSTa - dazA meM sahAyatA karane ke lie denA / 3. bhaya-dAna - bhayavaza denA / 4. kAruNika - dAna - mRtaka ke pIche denA / 5. lajjA-dAna- -lAja - zarmavaza denA / 6. gaurava - dAna - kIrti ke lie denA / 7. adharma-dAna- vezyA Adi ko denA / 8. dharma-dAna - saMyamI vyakti ko denA / 6. kRtimiti dAna - amuka ne sahayoga kiyA thA, isalie use denA / 10. kariSyati - dAna - yaha Age sahayoga degA isalie denA / dAna ke ye prakAra batAkara AgamakAra ne kevala vastu-sthiti kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kauna - sA dAna acchA yA burA hai - isakA vizleSaNa isameM nahIM hai / inakA mUlyAMkana samAjazAstra kI dRSTi se kiyA jAe to 'adharma-dAna' burA hai aura zeSa dAna kabhI acche mAne jAte rahe haiM aura kabhI bure bhii| samAja kI dhAraNA svayaM asthira hai, badalatI rahatI hai, taba inakA mUlyAMkana sthira kaise hogA ? adhyAtmazAstra kI dRSTi se dharma-dAna upayogI hai / zeSa usake lie upayogI nahIM hai| upayogI nahIM- - isakA artha yaha nahIM ki vezyA-dAna aura kIrti dAna donoM eka koTi ke haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki Atma-sAdhanA se inakA koI lagAva nahIM hai / 177 ina dasa dAnoM ko upayogitA kI dRSTi se bAMTeM to dharma-dAna Atma-sAdhanA ke lie upayogI hai / zeSa meM se kucha samAja ke lie upayogI haiM aura kucha usake lie bhI anupayogI haiM / dAna ke svarUpa meM mizraNa nahIM ho sakatA / eka hI dAna meM siddhAnta kI bhASA meM puNya aura pApa va vyavahAra kI bhASA meM sAmAjika upayogitA aura AdhyAtmika upayogitA - ye donoM nahIM ho sakate / dharma-dAna ke tIna prakAra haiM : 1. jJAna-dAna, 2. abhaya-dAna, 3. saMyamI dAna / ye tInoM Atma-sAdhanA ke aMga haiM / jJAna-dAna- - Atma-sAdhanA kA sahAyaka jJAna denA, ahiMsaka paddhati se denA jJAnadAna hai / abhaya-dAna- manasA vAcA karmaNA chaha kAya ke jIvoM ko mArane, maravAne aura mArane vAle ko bhalA samajhane kA tyAga karanA, prANImAtra ko bhaya

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178 ahiMsA tattva darzana nahIM upajAnA abhaya-dAna hai| saMyamI-dAna-atithi yAnI sarvahiMsA-tyAgI, pacana-pAcana-nivRtta, bhikSA-jIvI muni ko zuddha aura nirjIva jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhana denA saMyamI dAna (atithi saMvibhAga) hai| dayA aura dAna-ye donoM ahiMsA se jar3e hue haiN| inheM bar3I bArIkI se dekhanA hogaa| purAne mUlyoM ko nae dRSTikoNa se dekhanA hogaa| eka yuga meM sAmAjika kartavyoM ke pIche puNya-pApa kI preraNA thii| isalie samAja ke kartavyoM ke sAtha bhI puNya-pApa kA sambandha jur3a gyaa| aba usa kalpanA meM prerakatA nahIM rahI hai| vartamAna kA buddhivAdI manuSya sAmAjika kartavya kA mUlyAMkana upayogitA kI dRSTi se karatA hai / dAna kI itanI mahimA huI, vaha eka vizeSa prakAra kI sAmAjika vyavasthA kA pariNAma hai| jaisA ki dAdA dharmAdhikArI ne likhA hai-'hamAre yahAM saba zAstroM meM isa viSaya meM jo kahA hai, usakA Azaya hai-'daridrAn bhara kaunteya !'he kaunteya ! daridroM kA bharaNa kr| IsAI dharma meM kahA hai-'amIra ko dAna kA maukA mile, isIlie garIbI kA nirmANa kiyA hai|' yaha to bhagavAn para vaiSamya aura naighuNya kA doSa lagAne jaisA hai| dAna ko prAcIna vidvAnoM ne saMgraha kA prAyazcita mAnA hai| prAcIna saMskRti aura dharma isa mukAma taka pahuMcakara ThiThaka ge| kyoMki ve saba viSamatA para AdhArita the| mArksa hI vaha pahalA vyakti huA jisane kahA---'garIbI-amIrI bhagavAn ne nahIM bnaaii| yaha naisargika to hai kintu aparihArya nahIM hai / niyati yA vidhi-vidhAna nahIM hai, yaha parihArya hai|2|| dAna koI sahaja tattva nahIM hai / svayaM-bhUta tattva hai-asNgrh| mumukSu vyakti kucha bhI saMgraha na kre| mumukSu-vRtti kA jAgaraNa ho| usakI maryAdA hai-apanI AvazyakatAoM se adhika saMgraha na kre| saMgraha karate rahanA aura dAna dete rahanAisakA koI artha nahIM hotaa| vAstavika dAna asaMgraha hai| zrI mohanalAla mehatA ne likhA hai-'saccA tyAgI vaha hai jo paisA jor3akara tyAga nahIM karatA apitu paisA chor3akara tyAga karatA hai| jor3akara chor3ane kI apekSA pahale se hI na jor3anA saccA tyAga hai-vAstavika dAna hai| jisakI Apako AvazyakatA hI nahIM, usakA saMgraha kyoM karate haiM ? isIlie na ki Apa isa saMgraha ke dAna se dAnI khlaaeNge| yaha ThIka nahIM, isa prakAra kI ApakI manovRtti se samAja meM viSamatA phailatI hai|' 1. vratAvrata caupaI 6 / 16 2. naI krAnti, pR0 24

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 179 'Apa saMgraha kA mUlya samajhate haiM, parigraha kI kImata AMka sakate haiM kintu ApakI dRSTi meM tyAga kA mUlya nahIM hai, aparigraha kI kImata nahIM ke barAbara hai / Apa kaheMge-jo dhana kA tyAga karatA hai, use dAnavIra kahate to haiN| aura tyAga kA mUlya kyA hotA hai ? ApakA yaha uttara ThIka nahIM, kyoMki Apa vAstava meM parigrahI ko dAnavIra kahate haiM, tyAgI ko nhiiN|" vinobA ke matAnusAra 'bhUdAna' Aja kA yuga-dharma hai / yaha hotA hai / samAja kI samaya-samaya kI AvazyakatA aura usI ke anurUpa mAMga hotI hai| samaya ke pravartaka use sAmayika dharma ke rUpa meM hI rakhate haiN| kintu Age calakara vaha rUr3ha ho jAtI hai, eka zAzvata dharma kA rUpa le letI hai aura usameM vikAra A ghusate haiN| dAna kA rUpa bhI kama vikRta nahIM huA hai| isalie dAna para Aja hameM phira eka bAra nae sire se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| 1. zramaNa, janavarI, 1953

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tRtIya khaNDa

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ahiMsA kI kucha apekSAe~ _ 'ahiMsA pothI kI cIja hai' yaha dhAraNA sau meM nabbe kI hai| kucha aMzoM meM sahI bhI hai| ahiMsA ke bAre meM jitanA likhA gayA, kahA gayA, upadeza diyA gayA, utanA usakA AcaraNa nahIM huaa| phira bhI ahiMsA jIvana meM utarI hai| manuSya kA sAmAjika rUpa ahiMsA kI bhAvanA kA eka choTA pratibimba hai| anAkramaNa aura bhAIcAre kA bartAva ahiMsA nahIM to kyA hai ? agara manuSya hiMsA-parAyaNa hI hotA to vaha apane ko sAmUhika jIvana ke DhA~ce meM DhAla nahIM paataa| manuSya kA viveka, vicArazIlatA aura buddhi kA vikAsa dekhate vaha prazna phira AMkhoM ke sAmane AtA hai ki manuSya meM ahiMsA kI mAtrA kama hai| use jitanA ahiMsaka honA cAhie, utanA vaha nahIM hai| usakI thor3I ahiMsA, ahiMsA jaisI lagatI hI nhiiN| hiMsaka pazu bhI bhUkha aura bhaya se AkrAnta na hoM to sahasA prahAra nahIM krte| kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hotA ki ve ahiMsaka haiN| bahuta sAre pazupakSI sAmudAyika jIvana bhI bitAte haiN| hiMsaka pazu sAmUhika jIvana bitAne meM rasa nahIM lete, phira bhI unameM ApasI AkramaNa prAyaH nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAmAnya sthiti meM anAkramaNa, bhAIcArA aura sAmUhika jIvana-yApana se ahiMsA ke pariNAma nahIM banate, dUsare zabdoM meM inase unakI udbuddha ahiMsA kA paricaya nahIM miltaa| AkramaNa ko anAkramaNa se jIte, yaha ahiMsA kA jAgRta svarUpa hai; jisakI manuSya jaise buddhimAn prANI se hI apekSA kI jA sakatI hai| pazu kArya kara sakatA hai, usakA pariNAma nahIM soca sktaa| manuSya atIta se zikSA le sakatA hai aura bhaviSya kI kalpanA kara sakatA hai| usakA kArya ina do zRMkhalAoM se jur3A huA hotA hai| manuSya kArya karate-karate lAbha-alAbha, hita-ahita aura iSTa-aniSTa kI cintAoM se ghirA rahatA hai| irA sthiti meM yaha prazna hotA hai ki kyA abhI taka manuSya ahiMsA kA mUlya AMka nahIM sakA hai athavA use samajhakara bhI usakA AcaraNa karane meM asamartha hai ? dUsarI bAta meM hamArA mAnasika samAdhAna milatA hai|

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184 ahiMsA tattva darzana ahiMsA ko samajha lenA hI kAphI nahIM hai| ahiMsaka banane ke lie usake yogya sAmarthya kA vikAsa karanA Avazyaka hai| paMDita aura sAdhaka-ye do cIjeM haiN| jAnanA paMDitAI kA kAma ho sakatA hai kintu karane meM sAdhanA caahie| pazu aura paMDita meM jitanA bheda hai, utanA hI bheda paMDita aura sAdhaka meM hai| pazu ahiMsA kI bhASA nahIM jAnatA jabaki paMDita jAnatA hai| sAdhaka vaha hai jo usakI bhASA jAnane taka hI na rahe, usakI sAdhanA kre| ____ aba hama pazuoM kI bAta chor3a deM, apanI bAta kreN| jahAM taka dekhA jAtA hai, hamameM ahiMsA ke paMDita adhika haiM, sAdhaka kama, isIlie ahiMsA kA vikAsa kama huA hai| manuSya jJAna ke kSetra meM anya prANiyoM se Age hai| usakI bar3I-car3hI tarkaNA zakti ne use adhika svArthI banane meM sahayoga diyA hai| usake pAsa aise tarka haiM, jinake dvArA vaha apane lie hone vAlI dUsaroM kI hiMsA ko kSamya hI nahIM, nirdoSa batA sakatA hai| Akhira yaha hotA hai ki ahiMsA AtmA taka binA pahuMce hI zabdoM ke jAla meM ulajha jAtI hai| hiMsA jIvana kI kamajorI hai-azakyatA hai kintu svabhAva nhiiN| isIlie hiMsA miTAI jA sakatI hai aura miTAI jAnI caahie| prayatna kI jarUrata hai| kamajoriyoM se chuTTI pAe binA hiMsA chUTa nahIM sakatI, isIlie hameM isa viSaya para socanA cAhie ki jIvana meM ahiMsA kA prayoga kaise kiyA jaae| hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke pariNAmoM ko jAnane se hiMsA ke prati glAni aura ahiMsA ke prati ruci paidA ho sakatI hai, isalie AcAryoM ne hameM unakI paribhASAeM diiN| ve samajhane kI cIjeM haiN| unase hamArA kucha banatA-bigar3atA nhiiN| bananebigar3ane kI bAta hamAre kAryoM se paidA hotI hai| hamArI hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA sambandha hamAre kAryoM se hai| unake pIche bhaya, svArtha, ahaM, krodha, Agraha, chala-kapaTa Adi aneka bhAvanAeM hotI haiN| unhIM ke kAraNa vRttiyAM kaluSita banatI haiM, hiMsA kA vega bar3ha jAtA hai| jIvana meM ahiMsA lAnI hai to hameM do kAma karane hoMgeeka to bhAvanAoM ko pavitra karanA hogA aura dUsare kAryoM ko badalanA hogaa| unako kaise badaleM ? bhAvanaoM ko pavitra kaise banAeM ? isa para kucha vicAra karanA hai| ahiMsA kA mAnadaNDa nijI jIvana nahIM hotA, sAdhanA ke utkarSa-kAla meM ho sakatA hai| yaha bAta prArambhika dazA kI hai| manuSya dUsaroM kI hiMsA ko jitanI spaSTatA se samajha sakatA hai, utanI spaSTatA se apanI hiMsA ko nahIM samajha sktaa| apanI bhUloM ke pIche koI na koI tarka yA yukti lagI rahatI hai| vaha apanI bhUloM ko jyoM-tyoM sahI karane kI ceSTA meM lagA rahatA hai, dUsare kI bhUla

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 185 sApha-sApha samajhane meM AtI hai| vahAM saphAI sAmane nahIM aatii| koI saphAI lagAe to vaha burI mAlUma hotI hai / kAraNa sApha hai| dUsare kI burAI ko samajhane meM kaThinAI isalie nahIM hotI ki usake prati hamArI AMkheM moha se DhaMkI huI nahIM haiM, bIca meM koI AvaraNa nahIM hai| bhAvanAoM meM bhI nyAya hai| hama svayaM ko yA apanoM ko isalie ThIka nahIM kUta sakate ki hamameM apane prati aba bhI moha aura anyAya karane kI bhAvanA vidyamAna hai| 1. ahiMsA kA pahalA prayoga yahI honA cAhie-hama sva-para kI bhUmikA se Upara utthe| ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM sabase bar3I bAdhA agara koI hai to yaha sva aura para kA bheda hai| eka manuSya dUsare manuSya se lar3atA hai| lar3ane kA kAraNa haiusake lar3ake kI dUsare AdamI ke lar3ake ke sAtha kahA-sunI ho gii| doSI donoM haiM, phira bhI vaha pakSa apane putra kA legA, kAraNa ki vaha usakA hai| dUsarA dUsarA hai| usase kyA matalaba ? vyavahAra meM ye bAteM calatI haiN| aisI choTI-choTI bAtoM para bar3I-bar3I lar3AiyAM chir3a jAtI haiN| kintu ahiMsA inheM nahIM saha sakatI / ahiMsA ke sAmane sva-para jaisI koI cIja hI nahIM hotii| vahAM yaha bhAvanA hI nahIM hotI ki yaha merA hai, isalie isake doSa ko chipAUM, doSoM kA pratikAra na karUM / ahiMsaka apane doSoM ko chipAne kI bAta bhI nahIM jaantaa| vaha sApha hotA hai, utanA sApha jitanA ki sphaTika / hiMsaka vyakti bhUloM ko chipAkara rakhane meM jahAM gaurava mAnate haiM, vahAM ahiMsaka bhUloM ko dUsare ke sAmane rakhakara apane ko halakA anubhava karate haiN| isake pIche Atma-bala honA caahie| ahiMsA ke lie zarIra-bala se kahIM adhika Atma-bala kI apekSA hai| mAnasika kamajorI AyI, chipAne-dabAne kI bAta AyI ki ahiMsA nau-do-gyAraha ho jAtI hai| chipAne kA artha hai-vakratA, usakA matalaba hai-hiNsaa| ____ Atma-bala svayaM sAdhanA kA phala hai| yaha ahiMsA kI ruci se bar3hatA hai| usase ahiMsA kA vikAsa hotA hai|| 2. ahiMsaka ke sAmane Age bar3hane kA eka pavitra lakSya honA caahie| usake binA vaha Atma-bala baTora nahIM sktaa| ahiMsaka saralatA se bolatA hai, saralatA se calatA hai aura saralatA se karatA hai| saralatA ke sAmane kuTilatA kA pardAphAza hotA hai, isalie hiMsA kA ahiMsA para prahAra hone lagatA hai| vaha prahAra anekamukhI hotA hai-kabhI vyaktiyoM dvArA bhI; kabhI paristhitiyoM dvArA, to kabhI-kabhI usakI apanI nijI pravRttiyoM dvArA bhI; kabhI pratikUla to kabhI manonukUla / isa hAlata meM agara eka nizcita lakSya na ho to sAdhaka phisale binA nahIM raha sktaa|

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ahiMsA tattva darzana Atma-vikAsa kA lakSya lekara calane vAlA kahIM kaSTa pAe, gAliyAM sune, mArA-pITA jAe, phira bhI katarAtA nahIM / vaha socatA hai ki sva-prazaMsA aura pUjA se maiM UMcA nahIM uThA to isase nIcA bhI nahIM hoUMgA / ye donoM paudgalika jagat ke pariNAma haiN| mujhe Atma-jagat meM jAnA hai / sukhI rahUM cAhe duHkhI, prazaMsA sunUM cAhe nindA, pUjA jAUM cAhe pITA jAUM; inase honA jAnA kyA hai ? merA lakSya milegA - merI samatA se / vaha banI rahanI caahie| anukUlatA meM rAga yA utkarSa, pratikUlatA meM dveSa yA apakarSa nahIM honA caahie| yahI Atma-bala hai / vizvavijetA malla yA yoddhA apanI nindA sunakara dumanA ho jAtA hai kintu ahiMsaka nahIM hotA / yo drA kA lakSya sAdhaka ke lakSya se bhinna hai / socane kI dRSTi bhI eka nahIM hai | yoddhA socegA, nindaka ne merA aniSTa kiyA / sAdhaka socegA, merA niSTa karane vAlA koI hai hI nahIM / nindaka apane Apa apanA aniSTa kara rahA hai / yaha antara hai lakSya kA / nindA ke dvArA yoddhA ke lakSya meM bAdhA A sakatI hai kintu sAdhaka ke lakSya meM koI bAdhA nahIM A sakatI, isalie vaha nindAkAla meM bhI samadRSTi raha sakatA hai / 3. lakSya kI nizcitatA se jaise Atmabala bar3hatA hai, vaise nirbhayatA bhI bar3hatI hai / nirbhayatA ahiMsA kA prANa hai / bhaya se kAyaratA AtI hai / kAyaratA se mAnasika kamajorI aura usase hiMsA kI vRtti bar3hatI hai / ahiMsA ke mArga meM sirpha a~dhere kA Dara hI bAdhaka nahIM banatA, aura bhI banate haiN| mauta kA Dara, kaSTa kA Dara, aniSTa kA Dara, alAbha kA Dara, jAne-anajAne aneka Dara satAne laga jAte haiM, taba ahiMsA se Digane kA rAstA banatA hai / para nizcita lakSya vAlA vyakti nahIM DigatA / vaha jAnatA hai - aizvarya jAe to calA jAe; maiM usake pIche nahIM hUM / vaha sahaja bhAva se mere pIche calA A rahA hai / yahI bAta mauta ke lie tathA auroM ke lie hai / maiM saca bolUMgA / apane prati va auroM ke prati saca rahUMgA / phira cAhe kucha bhI kyoM na sahanA par3e ! ahiMsaka ko dhamakiyAM aura bandara - ghur3akiyA~ bhI sahanI par3atI haiN| vaha apanI jAgRta vRtti ke dvArA calatA hai, isalie nahIM ghabarAtA / ina saba bAtoM se bhI eka bAta aura bar3I hai| vaha hai-kalpanA kA bhaya / jaba-taba yaha bhAvanA bana jAtI hai - agara maiM aise calUMgA to akelA raha jAUMgA, koI bhI merA sAtha nahIM degA, yaha ahiMsA ke mArga meM kAMTA hai| ahiMsaka ko akelepana kA Dara nahIM honA cAhie / usakA lakSya sahI hai, isalie vaha calatA cale / Akhira eka dina duniyA use avazya samajhegI | mahAtmA IsA kA jIvana isakA jvalanta pramANa hai / AcArya bhikSu bhI isI koTi ke mahApuruSa the| dUsaroM ke AkSepa, asahayoga Adi kI upekSA kara nirbhIkatA se calane vAlA hI ahiMsA ke patha para Age bar3ha sakatA hai / pichalI paMktiyoM meM jo thor3A-sA vicAra kiyA gayA, usakA phalita yaha 186

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 187 hogA~jo vyakti sva-para ke bhedabhAva meM UMcA uThA huA hai, jisake sAmane pavitra lakSya hai, jisakA Atma-bala vikasita hai aura jo nirbhaya hai, vahI ahiMsaka bana sakatA hai| yaha ahiMsA kI bhUmi hai| aba taka usI kI carcA huI hai / ahiMsA kI kasauTI kyA hai ? ahiMsA kA teja kahA~ nikharatA hai ? isa para bhI kucha dhyAna de leN| __ekAntavAsa meM AdamI ahiMsaka bana sakatA hai kintu ahiMsA kI parakha vahAM nahIM ho sktii| isakA kSetra hai-shvaas| sabake sAtha rahakara yA sabake bIca rahakara jo ahiMsaka rahatA hai, vahAM usakI parakha hotI hai|| eka sAthI krodhI hai, dUsarA abhimAnI hai, tIsarA mAyAvI hai aura cauthA lobhI hai-unake sAtha kaise baratA jAe? (ka) sAthI bAta-bAta meM gussA karatA hai, aMTa-saMTa bolatA hai, bakavAsa karane meM bhI nahIM cUkatA, samaya para gAliyAM bhI sunA detA hai| 'zaThe zAThyaM samAcaret'-isakA matalaba hai-hiNsaa| sAmane ke vyakti ko ahiMsaka rahanA hai aura sAthI ko bhI sAtha lie calanA hai| agara vaha zAnta bhAva se saba kucha sahatA calA jAtA hai to loga use kAyara batAte haiM / aba vaha kyA kare? __ ahiMsaka meM caitanya honA caahie| nirjIva ahiMsA dInatA kA hI dUsarA rUpa hai| ahiMsaka krodhI ke Avega ko sahe avazya, kintu dIna banakara nhiiN| krodhI ko yaha bhAna hote rahanA cAhie ki ahiMsaka meM pratikAra karane kI zakti hai, phira bhI vaha apane dharma kI rakSA ke lie saba kucha sahatA hai| krodhI ekapakSIya krodha Akhira kaba taka karegA? use krodha karane kA pUrA avasara milatA hai to nizcita samajhie usakA krodha khatare meM hai / krodha krodha se bar3hatA hai| krodha ke badale kSamA milatI hai, taba vaha svayaM pachatAve meM badala jAtA hai| aise calate-calate krodha svayaM nisteja ho jAtA hai aura kSamA usa para vijaya pA letI hai| (kha) sAthI abhimAnI hai, vaha cAhatA hai-pUjA, prazaMsA aura guNAnuvAda / ahiMsaka ko yaha na ruce / vaha usakA utkarSa na sAdha sake, taba saMgharSa hotA hai| usakI Atma-santuSTi athavA saMgharSa ko TAlane ke lie kyA ahiMsaka calatI bAte kare ? agara na kare to usakA pariNAma hotA hai-ApasI anbn| isa sthiti meM vaha kauna-sA mArga cune ? pahalA yA dUsarA? pratyeka vyakti meM nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM vizeSatAeM hotI haiN| ahiMsaka unheM sAmane rakhakara cle| niHsaMkocatayA unheM prakAza meM laae| IrSyA na kare / eka vizeSatA batAkara AdamI dasa kamiyAM batAe to ve akharatI nahIM, para kabhIkabhI akhara bhI jAtI haiN| kevala bhUleM hI bhUleM sAmane rakhI jAeM to sunane vAlA ukatA jAtA hai yA pahala meM hI cir3ha jAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA apanI prazaMsA sunane meM hareka byakti ko dilacaspI hotI hai| hama usakI vizeSatA batAeMge to vaha

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188 ahiMsA tattva darzana jarUra hamAre prati AkRSTa hogA / AkarSaNa meM apanatva hotA hai| apanatva ke nAte AdamI kar3ave yUMTa bhI pI sakatA hai| rogI ko pahale vizvAsa honA cAhie ki isa davA se mujhe lAbha hogA, tabhI use kaTuka yA kuTaja pilAyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsaka ko sabake diloM meM vizvAsa paidA karanA caahie| vizvAsa ke dvArA jaba dUsaroM ke diloM ko vaha jIta letA hai, taba usakI kaThinAI miTatI to nahIM, kintu hAM, kama jarUra hotI hai| mUla bAta yaha hai ki ahiMsaka lalacAye nhiiN| vaha dUsare ko prasanna rakhane kI ceSTA kare kintu isalie nahIM ki usake dvArA use lAbha mile yA svArtha sadhatA rahe / yaha hiMsA kI bhAvanA hai, AtmA kI kamajorI hai| ahiMsaka apanI maryAdA tor3akara kisI ko prasanna rakhane kI bAta nahIM soca sktaa| prasannatA kA adhika se adhika artha to yaha ho ki ApasI sadbhAvanA yA guNAnurAga yA guNotkIrtana se dUsare ko apanI ora khiiNcnaa| khIMcane kA matalaba bAMdhane kI buddhi nahIM, kevala bhAIcArA bar3hAne kI bhAvanA hai| ___ yaha to kabhI nahIM ho sakatA ki ahiMsaka thothI bar3AI ke pula bAMdhakara kisI ko ttikaae| yaha doSa Atma-zlAghA se kama nahIM hai| isa pravRtti se kevala ahiMsaka hI ToTe meM nahIM rahatA, sAmane vAle vyakti ko bhI bar3A dhakkA lagatA hai; usa samaya vaha samajhe yA na smjhe| jhUThI prazaMsA se usake abhimAna kA pArA aura bar3ha jAtA hai| usakA utkarSa use phira vahAM le jAtA hai jahAM ki use nahIM jAnA cAhie athavA vahAM jAne kA artha hotA hai usakA ptn| jhUThI prazaMsA AdamI ko Age nahIM le jaatii| yaha vezyA hai, jo eka bAra lalacAkara sadA ke lie girA detI hai| jahAM taka sambhava ho ahiMsaka ApasI anabana TAlane kI ceSTA kare kintu usakA mUlya jyoM-tyoM kisI ko rijhAnA hI ho to usake lie vaha bAdhya nahIM ho sktaa| vaha svayaM anabana ke rAste para na jaae| dUsarA koI jAe to usakI jimmedArI ahiMsaka nahIM le sktaa| ___ahiMsaka ko namra honA cAhie kintu dUsaroM kI burAiyoM ko protsAhana dene ke lie nhiiN| dUsare ke guNoM ke prati aura apanI vRtti ke prati jo namratA hotI hai, usI kA nAma namratA hai| burAI ke sAmane jhukanA namratA nahIM hai| lAlacI vRtti se jhukanA bhI namratA nahIM hai| __ahiMsaka burAI ke sAtha kabhI bhI samajhautA nahIM kara sakatA, isalie use jitanA namra honA cAhie utanA kaThora bhii| 'vajrAdapi kaThorANi, mRdUni kusumAdapi'-yaha bAta ahiMsaka ke lie solaha Ane sahI hai| kaThora kisI vyakti ke

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 186 prati nahIM, apanI vRttiyoM ke prati honA cAhie tAki burAI se samajhautA na karane ke kAraNa paidA hone vAlI kaThinAiyoM kA dRr3hatA se sAmanA kara sake / (ga) sAthI mAyAvI hai| vaha chala se calatA hai| kahatA kucha hai aura karatA kucha hai| mana meM kucha hai aura bAhara se kucha hI dikhAtA hai| isa hAlata meM ahiMsaka usake sAtha kaise cale? ahiMsaka kA dila sApha honA caahie| calate-calate paitarA badalanA usake lie ucita nhiiN| mAyA vaha karatA hai, jo andara kI kamajoriyoM ke bAvajUda bhI apane ko bahuta bar3A vyakti siddha karanA cAhatA hai| ahiMsaka meM bar3A banane kI bhUkha nahIM honI caahie| phira vaha mAyA kyoM kare ? vaha hara kAma sacAI ke sAtha kre| jo bAta dila meM Ae, vaha sApha-sApha kaha de| kahane kA avasara na ho to mauna rakha le kintu dila meM kucha aura kahe kucha, aisA kabhI na kre| kisI ko jhUThA vizvAsa dilAnA bahuta bar3I hiMsA hai| ahiMsaka ko cAhie ki vaha apanI kamajoriyoM ko chipAe nhiiN| dUsaroM ko dhokhe meM rakhanA bar3I bhUla hai| mAyAvI kI cAloM ko samajhanA jarUra cAhie / cAlAkI ko samajhanA hiMsA nahIM hai / hiMsA hai cAlAkI karanA / ahisaka meM phalAzA nahIM honI caahie| eka ke badale dasa pAne kI lAlasA nahIM honI caahie| isase mAyA kI vRtti bar3hatI hai| saralatA se baratane vAlA dUsaroM ko bhI sarala banA detA hai| sambhava hai koI na bhI bane, phira bhI ahiMsaka ke lie to saralatA ke sivA dUsarA vikalpa hI nahIM hai| (gha) sAthI lobhI hai| vaha hara kAma lAlaca se karatA hai, svArtha ko Age kie calatA hai| apanI cIjoM para mamatva hai| unakI cintA karatA hai| dUsaroM kI vastuoM kA prayoga karatA hai| acchI cIjoM para TUTa par3atA hai| usakI cIjoM kA dUsarA koI upayoga kare to bigar3a jAtA hai| khAna-pAna kI bhI Asakti hai| ahiMsaka ko use kaise pAnA caahie| ahiMsaka kI bhUmikA paramArtha kI hotI hai| vaha paramArtha ko Age kara svArtha se ldd'e| vaha soce-ye paudgalika vastueM bigar3ane vAlI haiM, naSTa hone vAlI haiM, upayoga hogA to bhI bigar3eMgI, upayoga nahIM hogA to bhI bigdd'eNgii| taba phira Asakti kyoM ? yoM socakara unakI cintA se mukta bane, abhyAsa kre| asambhava dIkhane vAlI bAta bhI abhyAsa se sambhava bana jAtI hai| kisI ne apanI vastu kA upayoga kara liyA to kara liyA, isameM bigar3A kyA? isa tuccha bAta ko lekara svayaM bigar3a jAe, yaha kitanA burA hai| aisI sthiti meM vahI vyakti Ape se bAhara hotA hai, jo Asakta hotA hai| ahiMsaka kA pahalA lakSaNa hai-anAsakti / vaha

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160 ahiMsA tattva darzana saMyama ke lie aura saMyamapUrvaka khAe, pIe, pahane aura jIe / acchA khAna-pAna, acchA rahana-sahana, acchA vastra sahaja mile to na le; yaha koI bAta nahIM kintu unake lie mArA-mArA na phire| unakI phikra meM na rhe| paristhiti badalane para sahaja milane vAlI cIjeM bhI tyAga de| agara Asakti ke bhAva bar3hane kI sambhAvanA ho, usako samAja acchA na samajhe, dUsaroM ko vaha asahya ho uThe, samAja meM asantoSa kI mAtrA bar3hatI ho, sabako yA bahutoM ko ve cIjeM sulabha na hoM, aisI sthiti meM ahiMsaka ko apanI anAsakti kA bhAva adhika jagAnA cAhie, tyAga kA vizeSa paricaya denA caahie| aisA karake vaha sAthI ko mamatva ke jAla se bAhara nikAla sakatA hai| ___ahiMsaka ko yaha socakara nahIM raha jAnA cAhie ki dUsare IrSyA karate haiM, maiM unakI ora kyoM dhyAna dUM? ThIka hai, IrSyA burI hai| anadhikArI kisI dUsare kI vizeSatA para soce, vaha IA ho sakatI hai kintu apane varga meM asAmaMjasya na Ae, bhedabhAva na bar3he, isa dRSTi se socanA IrSyA nahIM hai| dUsare kI sthiti ko ThIka AMkanA caahie| lAlacI ke sAtha lAlacI jaisA bartAva karane para sthiti bigar3atI hai| lAlacI ke sAtha santoSa-paritRpti baratane se usakI atRpti apane Apa sikur3a jAtI hai| havA ko rokie, usakA vega bar3hegA, zakti bddh'egii| use khule sthAna meM chor3a dIjie, vaha apane Apa bikhara jaaegii| yahI bAta bigar3e lAlaca kI hai| lAlacI svayaM samajhakara usakA vega roke to ruka sakatA hai| agara koI dUsarA vyakti usake vega ko balAt rokanA cAhe to vaha rukane ke bajAya ubhara jAtA hai athavA dUsarI burAI ke rUpa meM badala jAtA hai isa jagaha ahiMsaka ko AyurvedIya cikitsA paddhati se kAma lenA caahie| elopaithika paddhati usake lie upayogI nahIM hai| vaha roga ko teja davA se dabAtI hai| usakA pariNAma acchA nahIM hotaa| eka bAra roga daba jAtA hai| zAnti milatI hai para dabA huA roga dUsare bhayaMkara roga ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai| AyurvedIya davA rogI ko ekAeka zAnti nahIM pahuMcAtI, dhIre-dhIre usake roga kI jar3a kATatI hai| ahiMsaka bhI ekAeka kisI ko dabAtA nhiiN| usakI santoSapUrNa pravRttiyAM dhIme-dhIme lAlaca ko ukhAr3a pheMkatI haiN| anyAya kA pratikAra sahavAsa meM eka ora jahA~ ApasI vaiyaktika jhamele uThate haiM, vahA~ dUsarI ora anadhikAra ceSTA tathA anyAya ke thope jAne kA khatarA rahatA hai| aisI sthiti meM

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ahiMsA tattva darzana .161 ahiMsaka ko cuppI sAdhanI cAhie yA pratikAra karanA caahie| ahiMsaka ke lie mauna acchA sAdhana hai| mauna sAdhane para bhI anyAya nahIM Tala sake to usake lie ekamAtra pratikAra kA rAstA bAkI rahatA hai| hiMsAtmaka pratikAra usake lie hai nhiiN| ahiMsAtmaka tarIkoM se vaha cale / kaSTa Ae unheM jhele, unake sAmane ghuTane na Teke, jhuke nhiiN| anyAya ko protsAhana dene vAle tattvoM se sahayoga na kre| namratA ko bhI na chodd'e| tiraskAra, uddaNDatA, avajJA-ye saba hiMsA haiN| ahiMsaka kisI bhI hAlata meM inheM nahIM cuna sakatA / ahiMsA meM dabbUpana bhI nahIM hai, yaha dhyAna rahe ? ahiMsaka jhaMjhaToM meM kyoM phaMse, kyoM bole, saba kucha sahanA hI usakA dharma haiyaha samajhanA bhArI bhUla hai| kSamA kA artha hai-apanI vRttiyA~ uttejita na hoN| anyAya meM sahayogI bane, yaha kSamA nahIM, kamajorI hai| kSamA ko vIroM kA bhUSaNa kahA gayA hai| vaha kAyaratA kA AvaraNa nahIM honA cAhie / ___ ahiMsaka ke lie anyAya kA pratikAra karane kI bAta dUsarI hai| pahalI bAta hai-vaha svayaM kisI ke prati anyAya na kre| jo dUsaroM ke prati anyAya na kare, use hI anyAya kA pratikAra karane kA haka hai| isalie ahiMsaka ko cAhie ki vaha apanI vRttiyoM ko pUrNa saMyata kre| anyAya kA matalaba hai-asaMyama / asaMyama vyakti meM rahe, vaha bhI burA hai| apanA asaMyama dUsaroM para prabhAva DAle, yaha to aura adhika burA hai / ahiMsA kA mUla maMtra hai-saMyama / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai--"ahiMsaka vaha hai jo hAthoM kA saMyama kare, pairoM kA saMyama kare, vANI kA saMyama kare aura indriyoM kA saMyama kre|' saMyama hI ahiMsA hai| yaha Atma-niSThA se phalita hotI hai, isIlie usakA siddhAnta adhyAtmavAda kahalAtA hai| adhyAtma ke vicAra-bindu 1. AkAMkSA kA abhAva adhyAtma hai| 2. vicAra kA abhAva adhyAtma hai| 3. cAritrika karmaNyatA adhyAtma hai| 4. akarmaNyatA alasatA nahIM kintu nivRtti hai| vaha adhyAtma hai| eka 1. dazavaikAlika 10/15

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162 ahiMsA tattva darzana zabda meM AtmA kA sahaja rUpa adhyAtma hai| 5. adhyAtma kA carama yA parama rUpa hai-akarmaNyatA yAnI dUsare padArtha ke sahayoga kA asvIkAra-sarvathA Atma-nirbharatA yaha mukti-sthiti hai| jIvanakAla meM-karmaNyatA meM akarmaNyatA kA jo aMza hai vaha adhyAtma hai athavA karmaNyatA meM asat karmaNyatA kA jo abhAva hai, vaha adhyAtma hai| 6. adhyAtmavAda se AkAMkSA kI tRpti nahIM, usakA abhAva ho sakatA hai| 7. adhyAtmavAda se AvazyakatA kI pUrti nahIM, usakI pUrti ke sAdhanoM kA vikAra miTa sakatA hai| 8. adhyAtma se padArtha kI prApti nahIM, prApta padArtha para hone vAlA mamakAra yA bandhana chUTa sakatA hai| 6. bhautika prApti ke lie bhautika sAdhana apekSita hote haiM aura AtmaprApti ke lie Atmika sAdhana / 10. bhautikatA se dUra rahane ke lie Atmika sAdhana upayogI haiN| 11. bhautikatA ko sImita karane ke lie Atmika sAdhana cAhie / 12. bhautika jIvana kA stara UMcA hogA, AvazyakatAeM bar3heMgI, zAnti kama hogii| 13. AdhyAtmika jIvana uThegA, AvazyakatAeM kama hoMgI, zAnti bddh'egii| 14. padArya ke abhAva meM azAnti aura bhAva meM zAnti, aisI vyApti nahIM bntii| 15. mAnasika niyantraNa se mAnasika sAmya hotA hai aura vahI zAnti hai / mAnasika aniyantraNa se mAnasika vaiSamya bar3hatA hai, vahI azAnti hai| 16. jahAM AkAMkSA hai, vahAM azAnti hai aura jahAM AkAMkSA nahIM, vahAM zAnti hai| 17. AvazyakatA hai, vahAM zrama hogA, azAnti nhiiN| 18. AvazyakatA kI pUrti sambhava hai, AkAMkSA kI pUrti asambhava / 16. zoSaNa kA mUla jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM nahIM, mAnasika atRpti hai| 20. ahiMsA kA AdhAra kAyaratA nahIM, abhaya, samatA aura saMyama hai| 21. aparigrahI vaha nahI, jo daridra hai / aparigrahI vaha hai, jo tyAgI hai / 22. bhoga samAja kI saMghAtaka yA saMghaTaka zakti hai aura tyAga vighAtaka yA vighaTaka zakti / 23. bhoga samAja kI apekSA hai aura tyAga usakI ati kA niyantraNa / 24. bhoga AtmA kA vikAra hai aura tyAga AtmA kA svarUpa /

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 163 25. asaMyama meM bAhya niyantraNa rahatA hai, isalie asaMyamI dUsaroM ke sAmane anyAya karane meM jhijhakatA hai / 26. saMyama meM apanA niyantraNa hotA hai, isalie saMyamI ekAnta meM bhI anyAya nahIM krtaa| 27. maryAdAhIna jIvana kahIM bhI mAnya nahIM hotaa| sva-maryAdA nahIM hotI, vahAM dUsare maryAdA karate haiN| adhyAtmavAda svayaM maryAdA hai| hIna bhAvanA na Ae, isalie adhyAtmavAdI mAnatA hai-maiM svayaM paramAtmA huuN| 28. garva na Ae, isalie adhyAtmavAdI mAnatA hai-saba jIva samAna haiN| saba jIva eka haiN| 26. paramAtmA banane ke lie aura mithyAbhimAna se bacane ke lie adhyAtmavAda kA sUtra hai-saMyama kI saadhnaa| 30. adhyAtmavAdI vaha hotA hai, jo dUsaroM se na Dare, na dUsaroM ko DarAe, na svayaM dUsare ko UMca-nIca samajhe aura na dUsaroM se svayaM ko UMca-nIca samajhe, sabake prati samabhAva barate / niSkriya ahiMsA kA upayoga ____ kaI vyakti niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA ko niThalloM kA hathiyAra batAte haiM / pravRttizUnya jIvana unheM rucatA nhiiN| saba kucha karate hue ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA, yahI unake siddhAnta kA sAra hai| yaha siddhAnta na ekAntataH sArahIna hai aura na ekAntataH sArayukta / deha-dazA meM pUrNa niSkriyatA ho nahIM sakatI, yaha vastusthiti hai| kintu isase pravRtti mAtra meM ahiMsAtmakatA nahIM AtI / asaMyamAMza miTa jAtA hai, vahI pravRtti ahiMsAtmaka hotI hai / isalie pravRtti ko zuddha karane ke lie nivRtti Avazyaka hai| dayA kA bhAva AtA hai, taba hiMsA kI nivRtti hotI hai| hiMsA kI nivRtti hotI haiM, taba dayA kA vikAsa hotA hai| muni pUrNa dayAlu hotA hai, isalie vaha sabhI jIvoM kA trAyI--pUrNa ahiMsaka hotA hai / gRhastha kI zakyatA adhUrI hotI hai| vaha saba pravRttiyoM ke asaMyamAMzoM ko chor3ane meM kSama nahIM hotA, isalie vaha pUrNa dayAlu nahIM hotaa| pUrNa dayAlu nahIM hotA, isalie vaha pUrNa ahiMsaka nahIM hotaa| yuddha kI pravRtti hiMsA hai kintu usameM bhI niraparAdha ko na mArane, nihatyoM para prahAra na karane kI vRtti jo ho, vaha ahiMsA hai| vyApAra karanA ahiMsA nahIM kintu vyApAra karane meM jhUThA tola-mApa va zoSaNa na karane aura na Thagane kI vRtti ahiMsA hai| siddhAnta kI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAga dveSa se jitanA bacAva kiyA jAe, vahI ahiMsA hai| rAga-dveSa pravRtti hai aura unase bacAva karanA

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164 ahiMsA tattva darzana nivRtti' / nivRtti kA artha kevala pravRtti kA niSedha hI nahIM kintu pravRtti ke rAgAMza yA dveSAMza kA varjana bhI hai-- isIlie nivRttyAtmaka ahiMsA ko niThalloM kA hathiyAra nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sakriya ahiMsA jIvana kI kucha - eka ghar3iyoM meM hotI hai / niSkriya ahiMsA kA upayoga jIvana ke pratyeka kSaNa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu usakA upayoga vahI kara sakatA hai, jo saccA vIra ho / pravRtti kI apekSA satpravRtti duSkara hai, vaise hI satpravRtti kI apekSA nivRtti duSkara hai / I ahiMsA kA samagra rUpa 'dharma pavitra AtmA meM ThaharatA hai / " ahiMsA dharma hai / vyavahAra kI bhASA meM vaha pavitra AtmA meM udbhUta hotI hai / nizcaya kI bhASA meM AtmA kI svAbhAvika sthiti hI pavitratA hai aura vahI ahiMsA hai / svAbhAvikatA kA carama rUpa videhadazA meM prakaTa hotA hai / yaha siddha dazA hai / sAdhanA kAla meM svAbhAvonmukha pravRtti hotI hai, vaha ahiMsA hai / usakA dUsarA nAma hai - mokSa mArga / mokSa ke cAra sAdhana haiM : 1. jJAna, 2. darzana (zraddhA), 3. cAritra, 4. tapa / padArthoM kI jAnakArI mAtra se na bandhana hotA hai aura na mukti / jJAna satya kA ho cAhe asatya kA vaha svabhAvatayA niravadya hotA hai / mana, vANI aura karma ke sAtha saMyukta hokara vaha kriyAtmaka dRSTi se sAvadya aura niravadya-donoM banatA hai | moharaMjita mana, vANI aura karma kA sahavartI jJAna sAvadya hotA hai aura mohavimukta mana, vANI aura karma kA sahavartI jJAna nirvdy| vaha kriyAtmaka niravadya jJAna Atma-mukti kA sAdhana banatA hai / adhyAtmazAstra meM isI ko samyag jJAna kahA jAtA hai / satya kI ruci kA nAma hai-zraddhA / mithyA vizvAsa hiMsA kA hI rUpa hai / usase AtmA AvRta hotI hai / 1. jAtivAda - jAti vizeSa ko achUta samajhanA, usase ghRNA karanA mAnasika vyAmoha hai / 2. putra paidA kiye binA svarga nahIM milatA / 1. AtmAnuzAsana 237 : rAgadveSau pravRtti syAd, nivRttistannirodhanam / 2. uttarAdhyayana 3 / 12 : dhammo suddhassa ciThThaI |

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 195 3. yuddha meM marane vAlA svarga jAtA hai| 4. sArI sRSTi manuSya ke bhoga ke lie hai, vaha sarvottama prANI hai, AdiAdi mithyA vizvAsa haiN| aputra kI gati nahIM hotI, 'yuddha meM marane vAlA svarga jAtA hai'--ye sAmayika apekSAeM ho sakatI haiM, ahiMsA-dharma nhiiN| vaidika vicAra' se jaina vicAra kA yaha maulika bheda hai| manuSya sarvottama prANI hai-yaha sahI hai| sarvottama ke lie alpottama kI upekSA kI jAe, yaha galata hai, hiMsA kI dRSTi hai| "hiMsA kA aniruddha srota calatA hai, usakA AdhAra yahI hai ki manuSya apane Apako sabase UMcA mAnatA hai| manuSya-hita ke lie saba kucha kiyA jAnA ucita hai- isa mithyA dhAraNA ke bala para vaijJAnika prayogoM kI vedI para lAkhoM-karor3oM jIvoM kI bali car3hatI hai| jIne kA adhikAra sabako hai| sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti sabako hai| jIvana priya aura mRtyu apriya sabako hai| isako bhulAkara mUka jIvoM kI nirmama hatyA karane vAle eka mahAn satya se A~kheM mUMdate haiM / khAdya aura vilAsa ke lie bhI bar3I-bar3I hiMsAeM calatI haiN| sArI sRSTi manuSya ke lie hI hai| yadi pazu na mAre jAeM to ve sAre jamIna para chA jAeM-aisI dhAraNAeM haiN| unheM ukhAr3a pheMke binA jIva-dayA kA mUlya nahIM bddh'egaa|" cAritra kA artha hai-virati yA saMyama / yaha Atma-zodhana kI nirodhAtmaka prakriyA hai| isase pUrva-mAlinya kA zodhana nahIM hotA kintu bhaviSya ke mAlinya kA nirodha hotA hai / AtmA nae sire se azuddha nahIM bntii| pUrva-mala-zodhana kI prakriyA tapa hai| jitanI bhI nivRtti-saMvalita pravRtti hai athavA mana, vANI aura karma kA jitanA bhI ahiMsAtmaka vyApAra hai, vaha saba tapasyA hai| ye cAroM (jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa) samudita dazA meM mukti ke sAdhana haiM ataH ina cAroM kI samiSTa hI ahiMsA kA samagra rUpa hai| svAsthya-sAdhanA ahiMsaka kI vRttiyAM Avega-rahita honI cAhie / Avega haiM : 1. krodha 2. mAna 1. (ka) aputrasya gati sti| (kha) hato vA prApsyasi svargam ... 2. jAyA ya puttA na havanti tANa'.. --uttarAdhyayana 17

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166 3. mAyA 4. lobha 5. cugalI 6. niMdA 7. AropakaraNa ghRNA - tiraskAra 8. 6. kalaha 10. pakSa kA Agraha 11. bhaya / zArIrika vega dUsarI koTi ke haiM / Ayurveda kI dRSTi se zArIrika vega (mala, unakA vega rokane se svAsthya kI hAni rokane ke bAre meM Ayurveda aura dharma ahiMsA tattva darzana mUtra Adi kA vega ) nahIM rokanA cAhie / hotI hai / kintu ina mAnasika AvegoM ko zAstra donoM ekamata haiM / 1. ahiMsaka ko krUra nahIM honA cAhie / krodha krUratA lAtA hai, prema kA nAza karatA hai / 2. ahiMsaka namra hogA, uddaNDa nahIM / dUsaroM ko tuccha samajhane kI bhAvanA hiMsA hai / jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, aizvarya, zruta, lAbha aura tapa -- ye ATha mada haiM / ahiMsaka ko inakA ahaMkAra nahIM karanA cAhie / uddaNDatA se vinaya naSTa ho jAtA hai / uddaNDatA jaise hiMsA hai, vaise gulAmI aura hIna bhAvanA bhI hiMsA hai / ahiMsA kA marma madhyastha vRtti yA saMyama hai / saphalatA meM utkarSa aura asaphalatA meM apakarSa - ye donoM nahIM hone caahie| donoM meM sama rahanA ahiMsA hai| lAbha-alAbha, sukhadu:kha, jIvana-mRtyu, niMdA - prazaMsA, mAna-apamAna meM jo samavRtti hotA hai, vahI ahiMsaka hai / ' ahiMsaka meM viveka hotA hai, isalie vaha lAbha aura alAbha ko sama nahIM mAnatA / kintu usameM AtmAbhimukhatA hotI hai, isalie vaha donoM sthitiyoM meM apanI vRttiyoM ko sama rakha jAtA hai / ahiMsA Atma-niSThA kI upAsanA hai / hIna bhAvanA ke tyAga ke lie AtmA kI upAsanA parama tattva ke rUpa meM hotI hai - 'jo parama tattva hai vaha maiM hUM / ' ahaMkAra-tyAga ke lie usakI upAsanA samatA ke rUpa meM hotI hai-- 'AtmA mAtra samAna hai / ' 3. ahiMsaka ko kAya Rju, bhASA- Rju, bhAva Rju honA caahie| usake 1. uttarAdhyayana 16 - 61 : lAbhA lAbhe suhe dukhe, jovie maraNe tahAM / samo niMdApasaMsAsu, tahA maNAvamANao ||

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 227 zarIra, vANI aura mana kA vyApAra sarala honA caahie| vakratA hiMsA hai / mAyA bhI hiMsA hai| isase maitrI kA nAza hotA hai / 4. padArthoM ke lie yA unake vyavahAra meM Asakti nahIM honI cAhie / Asakti aura asaMtoSa hiMsA hai / yaha sadguNoM kA nAza karatA hai / 5-6. parokSa meM burAI karanA cugalI aura sAmane burAI karanA nindA hai / ahiMsaka burAI ko miTAnA cAhatA hai, isalie vaha dUsaroM kI burAI kara nahIM sakatA / burAI kA prakAzana karane se burA bhalA nahIM banatA / bure ko sudhArane kA upAya hai-- usake hRdaya meM burAI ke prati glAni utpanna kara denA / 7-8-1. dUsaroM para Aropa lagAnA, lar3anA-jhagar3anA, ghRNA karanA, ye saba mAnasika asantoSa ke pariNAma haiM / 10. pakSa kA Agraha mithyAbhimAna kA pariNAma hai / 11. bhaya hiMsA kA kArya aura kAraNa donoM hai / bhaya se hiMsA vRtti utpanna hotI hai aura hiMsA se bhaya bar3hatA hai / saMskArI dazA meM vRttiyoM kI dazA badalatI unakA unmUlana nahIM hotA / ina AvegoM ke niyantraNa se nimna vRttiyAM phalatI haiM : 1. kSamA yA krodha kA upazama 2. namratA yA mRdutA 3. RjutA 4. anAsakta bhAva aura santoSa 5. para - guNagrAhakatA 6. sva - zlAghA - varjana 7. sva - doSa-darzana 8. prema yA maitrI 6. zAMti 10. satyagrAhI dRSTi 11. abhaya athavA aise kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye vRttiyA~ unake niyantraNa ke sAdhana haiM / burAI se burAI ko miTAne kI bAta hiMsA kA siddhAnta hai / jaise Aga se Aga nahIM bujhatI, vaise hI krodha se krodha nahIM miTatA / krodha kI vijaya kA upAya hai-- akrodha yA upazama / ahiMsaka ko dhIra, gambhIra aura zAnta hokara vegAtmaka vRttiyoM para vijaya pAnI cAhie | Avega - mukti, bhaya mukti, vAsanA - mukti aura vyasana mukti hone se roga mukti svayaM ho jAtI hai| Avega - vijaya kA artha hai - svAsthya,

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168 ahiMsA tattva darzana svasthatA, aatm-sthiti| ahiMsA kA viveka ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kaThora hai, isalie usake sAdhaka ko kaSTa-sahiSNu honA Avazyaka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-"daihika kaSToM ko sahanazIlatA pUrvaka sahane se mahAn phala hotA hai|'' isakA yaha artha nahIM ki kaSTa hI kaSTa sahate rahanA caahie| ahiMsA kA siddhAnta hai-hiMsA para vijaya pAne ke lie jitanA kaSTa sahanA par3e, vaha saba sahA jaae| isI siddhAnta ke AdhAra para tapasyA kA vikAsa huaa| indriya aura mana ko jIte binA ahiMsA jIvana meM nahIM A sktii| inakI vijaya ke lie bAhya vastuoM--viSayoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| vahI tapasyA hai| usase bAhya vastuoM kA sambandha chUTa jAtA hai| phira bhI unakI vAsanAe~ zeSa raha jAtI haiN| unheM nirmUla karane ke lie dhyAna hai| vaha bhI tapasyA hai| pahalI bAhya tapasyA hai aura dUsarI antaraMga / eka se bAhya-zuddhi hotI hai aura dUsarI se aMtaraMga zuddhi / vastu-tyAga ke rUpa haiM : 1. anazana- khAna-pAna kA tyAga, eka dina ke lie yA usase adhika / 2. UnodarikA: (1) khAna-pAna meM kamI, bhUkha se kama khAnA, kama cIjeM khAnA Adi (2) krodha Adi kI kamI krnaa| 3. vRtti-saMkSepa-jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhanoM kA saMkSepIkaraNa / 4. rasa-parityAga-susvAdu va gariSTha bhojana kA tyAga yA sImAkaraNa / 5. kAya-kleza-Asana Adi ke dvArA zarIra ko sAdhanA / ahiMsA kI sAdhanA meM Ane vAle kaSToM ko sahanA / 6. pratisaMlInatA : (1) indriyoM ke viSayoM kA tyAga / (2) krodha Adi kA tyAga--anudita krodha kA tyAga aura udita krodha kA viphalIkaraNa / (3) akuzala mana, vANI aura karma kA nirodha; kuzala mana, vANI aura karma kI udIraNA / (4) vikArahetukamakAna aura Asana kA tyAga / jIvana ke antara-zodhana kI prakriyA ke tattva ye haiM : (1) prAyazcitta-kie hue pApoM kI aalocnaa| 1. dazavaikAlika 8 : dehe dukkhaM mahAphalaM

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 2. vinaya - mana, vANI aura karma kI namratA / 3. vaiyAvRttya (sevA) - apanI zaktiyoM kA dUsare ke nizreyas ke lie vyApAra / 166 4. svAdhyAya-- - muktikArI vidyA kA adhyayana, manana, cintana / 5. dhyAna -- mana kI vRttiyoM kA sthirIkaraNa / 6. vyutsarga- zarIra kA sthirIkaraNa yA zarIra aura cetana ke bheda kA jJAna | vastuoM kA tyAga vyAvahArika yA sthUla hotA hai, vAsanAoM kA tyAga Antarika yA sUkSma / Antarika zodhana ke lie vikAra ke bAharI sAdhanoM kA varjana Avazyaka hai / yaha sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hai / usakI siddhi, Antarika vAsanAe~ gaharI jar3eM jamAe hue haiM, unake nirmUlana se hotI hai / khAdya-viveka khAna-pAna ke binA jIvana nahIM TikatA, isalie vaha jIvana kI mukhya pravRtti hai aura vaha hiMsaka tathA ahiMsaka donoM ke lie samAna hai - jIvana kI AvazyakatA kI dRSTi se, phala kI dRSTi se nahIM / ahiMsA kI sAdhanA deha-mukti kI sAdhanA hai, isalie usameM mukhya bAta deha-poSaNa kI nahIM hotI / 'ahiMsA akhaNDa rahe, deha bhale chUTa jAe' - ahiMsaka aisA vrata lie calatA hai / ahiMsA meM Apad-dharma kA koI sthAna nahIM hai / deha ko TikAe rakhane kI bhAvanA mukhya banate hI ahiMsA gauNa ho jAtI hai / jIvana TikA na rahe to ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kaise ho ? kauna kare ? isalie ahiMsA kI sAdhanA karane ke lie jIvana ko banAye rakhanA Avazyaka hai / jIvana ko banAe rakhane kA mukhya sAdhana khAna-pAna hai / isa dazA meM khAna-pAna kI hiMsA ahiMsA kA hI eka aMga bana jAtI hai - isa koTi kA cintana bhI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / kintu yaha ahiMsA kI maryAdA ke pratikUla hai / bhaviSya kI ahiMsA ke lie vartamAna kI hiMsA apanA rUpa nahIM tyAgatI -- ahiMsA ke lie kI jAnevAlI hiMsA ahiMsA nahIM bntii| 'muni apane jIvana kI saba pravRttiyoM meM ahiMsA kA vicAra lie calatA hai / vaha khAna-pAna ke lie bhI hiMsA nahIM karatA / ' apane lie banAyA huA bhojana nahIM letA / usakI bhikSA nava-koTi-parizuddha hotI hai / 1 gRhastha ke lie itanA kaThora vrata sambhava nahIM / usakI bhUmikA bhikSAvRtti kI nahIM hotI / bhikSA tIna prakAra kI hotI haiM : 1 1. pauruSaghnI,

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200 ahiMsA tattva darzana 2. vRttighnI, 3. sarva smptkrii| kArya karane meM samartha gRhastha bhIkha mAMgatA hai-vaha 'pauruSaghnI bhikSA' hai| yaha samAja kI nimna-dazA kA cihna hai| apaMga vyakti bhIkha mAMgate haiM vaha 'vRttighnI bhikSA' hai| yaha samAja-vyavasthA kA doSa hai| 'sarva saMpatkarI bhikSA' muni kI hotI hai| vaha na AlasI banakara bhIkha mAMgatA hai aura na hIna bnkr| vaha bhikSA ko kaSTa mAnakara use sahatA hai| dUsaroM ke sAmane hAtha pasAranA kaThora mArga hai, phira bhI muni ke lie isake sivA jIvana-nirvAha kA dUsarA koI vikalpa nahIM hotaa| isalie use bhikSA mAMganI hotI hai| gRhastha pUrNa ahiMsA kI bhUmikA meM nahIM hotA, isalie use khAna-pAna ke lie bhI hiMsA karanI par3atI hai| kintu jisakI gati ahiMsA kI ora ho / usameM khAdya-viveka avazya honA caahie| ____ ahiMsAvratI ko vaisI vastueM nahIM khAnI cAhie, jinase AvazyakatA-pUrti kama ho aura hiMsA adhik| use svAda ke lie kucha bhI nahIM khAnA cAhie aura mAdaka vastuoM kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| mAMsa-tyAga kA AdhAra yahI (khAdya-viveka) hai| mAMsa manuSya kA svAbhAvika bhojana nahIM hai| use khAne ke pIche svAda-vRtti, pauSTikatA Adi bhAvanAeM hotI haiN| mAdakatA, uttejakatA Adi usake kupariNAma haiN| usase vRttiyoM kI tAmasikatA bar3hatI hai| mAMsa-bhojana ke lie bar3e jIvoM kI hI nahIM, unake atirikta asaMkhya choTe jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA hotI hai| aise aneka prasaMga milakara mAMsAhAra tyAga ke nimitta banate haiN| komala vRtti kA jAgaraNa hone para vyakti kA viveka kisa prakAra jAga uThatA hai vaha nimna ghaTanA meM par3hie : jaba bImAra par3e hue barnArDazA se DaoNkTaroM ne kahA ki 'yadi Apa gAya kA mAMsa nahIM khAte haiM to mara jaaeNge| taba buddhimAn zA ne 'landana DelI kronikala' nAmaka dainika patra meM isa prakAra apane vicAra vyakti kie : ___ "merI sthiti bar3I gambhIra hai| mujhe jIvana-dAna isa zarta para diyA jA rahA hai ki maiM gAya yA bachar3e kA mAMsa khaauuN| parantu merI zraddhA hai ki prANI mAtra kA zava bhakSaNa karane kI apekSA mRtyu kahIM adhika acchI hai| mere jIvana kI antima AkAMkSA merI antyeSTi kriyA ke lie mArgadarzana karatI hai ki merI mRtyu ke pazcAt bher3eM, dUdha dene vAle pazu tathA choTI-choTI machaliyA~ Adi sabhI jIva merI mRtyu kA zoka na manAkara apane galoM para zubhra vastra bA~dhakara aise vyakti ke sammAna meM prasannatApUrvaka samAroha manAeM, jisane jIva-jantuoM kA mAMsa khAne ke sthAna para mara jAnA adhika acchA smjhaa| merI antima yAtrA 'nohAarka' ke apavAda ko

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201 ahiMsA tattva darzana chor3akara sabase nirAlI ghaTanA hogii|"1 antarmukhI dRSTi ahiMsaka kI dRSTi antarmukhI honI caahie| bahirmukhI dRSTi vAlA vyakti burAI karate samaya 'koI dekha na le' isakA bacAva karatA hai, apanA bacAva nahIM krtaa| isase burAI gUr3ha bana jAtI hai| prakaTa roga se chipA roga aura adhika jaTila hotA hai| dRSTi antarmukhI hone para vyakti kA sahaja prayatna burAI se bacane kA hotA hai, phira cAhe koI dekhe yA na dekhe| dina aura rAta, ekAnta aura sahavAsa, zayana aura jAgaraNa meM jisakA hiMsA se bacane kA samAna prayatna ho, thor3A bhI antara na Ae, vahI vyakti ahiMsA yA antarmukhI dRSTi vAlA hai| burAI meM jisako apanA aniSTa dIkha par3e, vahI vyakti burAI ko chor3a sakatA hai| lajjA, bhaya yA anuzAsana ke dvArA burAI gUr3ha bana jAtI hai, miTatI nhiiN| AcAryazrI tulasI ke zabdoM meM-"mArane vAle ko jIva-hiMsA meM apanA aniSTa dIkha jAe, tabhI vaha use chor3a sakatA hai, nahIM to nhiiN|" AtmAnuzAsana kA srota antarmukhI dRSTi hI hai| AtmAnuzAsana kA artha hai-apane para apanA anuzAsana / isakA jAgaraNa hone para ahiMsA kA vikAsa ho jAtA hai| vikAra-parihAra ko sAdhanA vikAra-vijaya kA artha hai-aatm-vijy| vikAra vyakti-hetuka bhI hote haiM aura samAja-hetuka bhii| hiMsA aura parigraha, vAsanA aura bhUkha-pyAsa-ye vaiyaktika vikAra haiN| asatya aura corI sAmAjika vikAra haiN| akelepana meM bhI vyakti choTe-bar3e jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, padArtha kA saMgraha karatA hai| asatya aura corI, ye akelepana meM nahIM hote| isalie ye donoM sAmAjika jIvana ke sahacArI haiMaisA spaSTa jAna par3atA hai| vAsanA aura bhUkha-pyAsa jaise deha-sambaddha haiM, vaise asatya aura corI deha-sambaddha nahIM haiN| ve jaise vyakti ko satAte haiM vaise asatya corI aura nahIM satAte / ye deha kI apekSAeM nahIM haiM, sahavAsa kI sthiti meM utpanna mAnasika vikRtiyAM haiN| bhUkha aura pyAsa vikAra haiM para vAsanA kI koTi ke nhiiN| vAsanA ke pIche moha kA jo tIvra vega hotA hai, vaha bhUkha-pyAsa kI abhilASA ke pIche nahIM hotaa| viSaya kA smaraNa, cintana, icchA, sneha aura bhoga-ye vAsanA ke sthirIkaraNa ke hetu haiN| padArya aura zarIra--ye do vAsanA ke kSetra haiN| pA~ca 1. dharmayuga, varSa 5 aMka 5 tA0 7 / 11 / 54

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202 ahiMsA tattva darzana indriyoM ke pAMca viSaya-sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabda haiN| mana kA pradhAna viSaya saMkalpa hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai- "kAma ! maiM tujhe jAnatA huuN| tU saMkalpa se paidA hotA hai| maiM to terA saMkalpa hI nahIM kruuNgaa| isIlie tU mujhameM utpanna nahIM hogaa| ___ padArtha meM AkarSaNa hotA hai-sparza kI komalatA, rasa kA mAdhurya, gandha kI mAdakatA, rUpa kI mohakatA, zabda kI priyatA hotI hai| indriyAM inheM mana taka pahuMcAtI haiM aura vaha inheM pAne ke lie adhIra ho uThatA hai aura deha ko bhI adhIra banA detA hai| vyakti meM padArtha se adhika AkarSaNa hotA hai| vyakti ke zarIra ko caitanya kI vizeSatA prApta hotI hai, isalie usameM dUsaroM ko AkRSTa karane kI icchA, bhAvAbhivyaMjanA aura bhASA-ye vizeSa guNa hote haiN| inameM padArtha kI apekSA adhika mohakatA aura mAdakatA hotI hai| ahiMsaka kI duniyA koI dUsarI nahIM hotii| vaha isI duniyA meM padArtha aura prANI ke AkarSaNa ke bIca rahatA hai| vaha khAtA-pItA hai| use rUpa dikhAI dete haiN| zabda bhI sunatA hai| viSaya se bacanA ekAntataH Avazyaka nhiiN| ekAntika Avazyaka hai--vikAra se bcnaa| rUpa ko jAnanA cakSu-indriya kA viSaya hai| vaha na acchA hai aura na buraa| rUpa meM Asakti AtI hai, taba vaha viSaya nahIM rahatA, vikAra bana jAtA hai| vicAra hiMsA hai| mana nivikAra bane binA ahiMsA nahIM aatii| ataeva ahiMsaka ke lie vikAra parihAra kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hotI hai| padArtha aura prANI donoM ke prati vikAra paidA hotA hai para ve usake mUla srota nahIM haiN| apanA zarIra vikAra kI abhivyaktiyoM kI prayogazAlA hai, phira bhI vikAra kA mUla srota nahIM hai| AtmA bhI svabhAva se vikArI nahIM haiN| vikAra kA mUla srota hai-moh| vaha AtmA kI azuddha-dazA meM usa para chAyA rahatA hai| moha kI paramparA Age bar3hatI calatI hai| moha-mugdha vyakti apanI deha ko hI AtmA mAnane lagatA hai| isase usameM dehAsakti utpanna hotI hai| sva-dehAsakti prabala hone para para-dehAsakti aura usake bAda padArthAsakti banatI hai| vaha vikAra-vikAsa kA krama hai| vikAra-parihAra kA krama hai : 1. viveka-darzana, 2. Atma-darzana, 3. bahiyApAra-varjana , 1. kAma ! jAnAmi te rUpaM, saMkalpAt kila jAyase / nAhaM saMkalpayiSyAmi, tato me na bhaviSyasi //

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 203 viveka-darzana cetana aura deha ke bheda kA jJAna-~maiM cetana hUM, merA zarIra acetana hai| maiM avinAzI hUM, yaha nazvara hai / maiM punarbhavI hUM, yaha ekabhavI hai| isalie hama donoM do haiM / isa viveka-darzana se svadehAsakti kA vilaya hotA hai / Atma-darzana Atma-darzana kA artha hai, dUsaroM meM apane jaisI AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karanA / isase prema pavitra bana jAtA hai| zarIra-sambandhI prema vikArI hotA hai / sahI artha meM vaha prema hotA hI nhiiN| Aja eka vyakti dUsare vyakti ke sAtha zArIrika prema meM baMdhatA hai| vahAM prema kA AdhAra hai-zarIra kA AkarSaNa / kala mAno chUta kI bImArI ho gaI taba prema TUTa jAtA hai| pavitra aura virAT prema kA AdhAra hotA hai -- Atma-darzana / isake sAtha jo prema AtA hai, usameM bImArI aura bur3hApA-ye bAdhaka nahIM banate / jisameM Atma-darzana kI zakti prabala ho jAtI hai, vaha vikArI prema meM nahIM phNstaa| bahirvyApAra-varjana indriya aura mana kA vyApAra antarmukhI hotA hai, padArthoM kA anAvazyaka cintana, darzana aura dhyAna nahIM hotA, taba padArthAsakti chUTa jAtI hai| ahiMsaka ke lie ina tInoM kI ArAdhanA Avazyaka hai| aisA kie binA vikAroM kA parihAra nahIM hotaa| ahiMsA kA artha hai-nirvikaar-dshaa|

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hRdaya parivartana kI samasyA mAnava vividha-jAtIya saMskAroM kA saMgrahAlaya hai| bhalAI aura burAI-donoM ke bIja usameM aMkurita hote haiM / paristhitiyAM nimitta mAtra haiN| unakA sahayoga pA bIja aMkurita ho jAnA hai| bIja na ho to ve kise aMkurita kreN| paristhitiyoM kI apekSA vyakti adhika balavAn hotA hai| vaha unase aprabhAvita raha sakatA hai| yaha bhI saca hai, unakI sarvathA upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| Aja kA yuga nAnA vAdoM kA kendra bana rahA hai| koI yuga dhArmika mata-vAdoM kA thaa| Aja pratyeka samasyA ko rAjanaitika stara para sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| rAjanIti kI dhurI artha-tantra hai| isalie Aja kA yuga rAjanItika vAda yA arthavAda kA akhAr3A bana rahA hai / vicAroM aura vAdoM kA itanA saMgharSaNa hai ki unakI cinagAriyAM agni ko zAnta nahIM hone detiiN| apane Apako bhulAkara dUsaroM ko jagAne kI vRtti jo Aja hai, vaha pahale kabhI itanI ugra huI, aisA nahIM miltaa| vizva-zAnti kI mAMga bhI Aja abhUtapUrva hai| vijJAna kA yuga hai| pratyeka tathya kasauTI para kasA jAtA hai| zraddhA ko sthAna nahIM rhaa| puruSArtha kI gAthAeM gAyI jAtI haiM kintu siddhAnta ke rUpa meN| kArya-rUpa meM pahalA sthAna paristhitiyoM ko mila rahA hai| 'paristhitiyAM aisI haiM, hama kyA kareM ?" yaha uttara Apa binA kisI kaThinAI ke suna sakate haiM / Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai-vyakti acche yA bure kArya karatA hai| unake acche yA bure paNiAma hote haiN| acche kAryoM aura unake acche pariNAmoM kA dAyitva vaha svayaM lenA cAhatA hai| bure kAryoM aura unake bure pariNAmoM kA dAyitva vaha dUsaroM para DAla detA hai| aura koI na mile to paristhitiyAM to haiM hii| ve kabhI isa pravRtti kA virodha taka nahIM krtii| yaha kyA hai paristhitivAda yA puruSArthavAda ? yaha sahI hai-paristhitiyAM vyakti ko prabhAvita karatI haiM kintu tabhI jaba upAdAna zaktihIna hotA hai / samartha

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 205. vyakti paristhitiyoM kA dAsa banakara kabhI nahIM cltaa| anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyAM nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM sadA saba jagaha aura sabake jIvana meM rahatI haiN| unase bhaya khAne vAle lar3akhar3A jAte haiM aura unase lar3ane vAle vijayI bana jAte haiN| lar3ane kI do paddhatiyAM haiM-eka lambA-caur3A mArga aura eka saMkarI pgddNddii| pahalA mArga bala-prayoga kA hai| isameM burAI na miTane kI sthiti meM bure ko miTAne kI kSamatA hai| dUsarI jo pagaDaMDI hai, vaha isalie saMkarI hai ki usameM bure ko miTAne kI kalpanA taka nahIM hotii| ___vyakti kI apanI durbalatAeM hotI haiM-kAma-vAsanA, krodha, lAlaca, ArAmatalabI aadi-aadi| ina para jo niyaMtraNa pA jAtA hai, use paristhitiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| para ve use dabA nahIM sktiiN| jo apanI Antarika durbalatAoM para niyaMtraNa karanA nahIM jAnatA yA nahIM cAhatA, use paristhitiyAM nigala jAtI haiN| paristhitivAda nirAzAvAda hai| isakI paraMparA nirantara calatI hai| purAne loga karmavAda yA bhAgyavAda kI oTa meM apanI kamajoriyoM ko pAlate the| Aja unakA lAlana-pAlana paristhitivAda ke sahAre ho rahA hai / yaha saca hai-karma, bhAgya, paristhiti kA apanA-apanA sthAna hai kintu vyakti unase ghabarAkara apanA puruSArtha kho baiThe-yaha asthAnIya hai| sAra yahI hai ki saba burAiyoM kI jar3a vyakti kI apanI durbalatAeM haiN| paristhitiyAM unako poSaNa detI haiM, unheM mUrta banAtI haiN| krodha vyakti kI durbalatA hai kintu use ubhArane vAlI sthiti bane binA vaha mUrta nahIM bntaa| gAlI sunate hI vaha bhabhaka uThatA hai| paristhiti ne itanA kiyA ki chipI huI burAI ko ukhAr3a diyaa| burAI ko nae sire se utpanna karane kI zakti usameM nahIM hotii| mUla meM bhUla hai| yuga kA pramukha vicAra bana rahA hai-paristhitiyoM ko sudhAro, tAtparya ki burAI kI zAkhA ko miTA do| honA yaha cAhie ki burAI ke mUla ko sudhAro / mUla sudhAre binA zAkhAeM banatI-bigar3atI raheMgI, artha kucha nahIM hogaa| paristhitiyAM parivartita hotI rahatI haiN| eka paristhiti meM sudhAra AtA hai aura usase poSaNa pAne vAlI burAI chipa jAtI hai| dUsarI paristhiti banatI hai aura dUsare prakAra kI burAI sAkAra banane laga jAtI hai| udAharaNa se samajhie-eka yuvaka avivAhita dazA meM aprAkRtika maithuna' kA vyasanI bana jAtA hai| vivAha hotA hai, sthiti badala jAtI hai; aprAkRtika kriyA chUTa jAtI hai| aba naI sthiti use naI burAI kA zikAra banA DAlatI hai| gRha kI cintA se vaha vyApArI banatA hai aura patnI ko santuSTa rakhane kI cintA se zoSaka / acche kapar3e cAhie, gahane cAhie, saundarya-prasAdhana kI sAmagrI cAhie, sAja-sajjA kI vastueM cAhie, vaha saba kucha cAhie jo dUsaroM ko sulabha hai| zoSaNa ke binA yaha saba Ae kahA~ se?

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ahiMsA tattva darzana nyAya kA daravAjA itanA bar3A nahIM hai| Akhira yaha saba anyAya ke dvArA AtA hai| dhana kA saMgraha bar3hatA hai| suvidhAeM bar3hatI haiN| aizvarya aura yaza bhI bar3hate haiN| sthiti kA cakkA ghUmatA hai aura usa para vilAsa chA jAtA hai| aba na vyApAra kI cintA rahatI hai aura na kisI dUsarI vastu kii| vaha bar3hatA hai aura itanA bar3hatA hai ki Akhira sArI pUMjI ko caTa kara jAtA hai| yaha gati samasyAoM aura unake samAdhAna kI hai| eka paristhiti meM roTI kI samasyA hai| dUsarI sthiti meM usakA samAdhAna milatA hai kintu vaiyaktika svAtantrya sImA se adhika baMdha jAtA hai| naI sthiti naI samasyA ko janma na de, yaha lagabhaga asaMbhava-sA hai| isIlie yaha mAnanA hogA ki paristhiti kA parivartana naI paristhiti utpanna kara sakatA hai kintu vyakti ko paristhiti ke prabhAva se mukta nahIM kara sktaa| vrata kI paramparA yA hRdaya-parivartana meM paristhiti-parivartana se pahale use prabhAvita rahane kI bAta mukhya hai| Antarika durbalatA miTane para burI paristhiti vyakti kI kasauTI bhara bana sakatI hai, rAkSasI bana use DakAra nahIM sktii| kucha samasyAeM daihika hotI haiM aura kucha mAnasika / kaI bAharI (para-kRta) hotI haiM aura kucha Antarika (svkRt)| kucha sAmUhika hotI haiM aura kucha vaiyaktika / daihika, bAharI aura sAmUhika samasyAoM ko prAthamikatA milatI hai| daihika samasyAeM na sulajheM to deha Tike kaise? bAharI samasyAeM sahaja buddhigamya ho jAtI haiM- unakI burAI samajhane meM koI tArkika kaThinAI nahIM hotii| sAmUhika samasyAeM visphoTa kara sakatI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai, manuSya kI sArI ceSTAeM inake samAdhAna kI ora muMha kie cala rahI haiN| 1. roTI kI samasyA, kapar3e aura makAna kI samasyA-ye eka koTi kI samasyAeM haiN| dUsarI koTi kI samasyAeM haiM-saundarya aura vilAsa ke sAdhanoM kI durlbhtaa| 2. par3osI svabhAva kA cir3acir3A hai| vaha binA matalaba bakavAsa karatA hai, kalaha karatA hai, zAnti se nahIM rahane detaa| pati kucha cAhatA hai aura patnI kuch| pitA-putra ke vicAra mela nahIM khaate| bhAI-bhAI kI ruci bhinna hai| aisI-aisI asaMkhya ulajhaneM bAhara se AtI haiN| 3. sAmAjika samasyAoM se bhI kauna kaise baca sakatA hai ? eka vyakti daheja denA nahIM cAhatA kintu vaha (daheja) die binA beTI kI gati nhiiN| jahAM kanyAoM kI sulabhatA hai, vahAM ve bikatI haiM aura jahAM kumAra sulabha haiM, vahA~ ve bikate haiN| koI inheM becanA na cAhe to unake kumAra bhAva ko varadAna mAna baiThA rhe| rizvata dene kI icchA nhiiN| anicchA kA kAraNa rupaye jAte haiM, yaha bhI

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 207 nahIM / usakA mUla hetu hai-anIti na bddh'e| kintu vaha die binA satya bhI badala jAtA hai| TikaTa nahIM miltii| lAisensa nahIM milate / bar3oM se mulAkAta nahIM ho sktii| sArvajanika haoNspiTala meM bhI rogI ko sahI cikitsA kI gAraNTI nahIM miltii| ye sabhI akharate haiM-eka ko, do ko aura bahutoM ko| isalie inheM sulajhAne ke lie samAjavAda, sAmyavAda, prajAtantra Adi-Adi zAsana-paddhatiyAM, nAgarika sabhyatA aura sAmAjika sudhAra ke kAryakrama calate haiN| kintu mAnasika, Antarika aura vaiyaktika samasyAoM kI upekSA ho rahI hai| dhyAna denA hogA; kahIM sArI samasyAoM kA mUla yahI to nahIM hai ? daihika AvazyakatAeM pUrI ho jAtI haiM, phira bhI uttarottara atRpti bar3hatI hai| amuka roga yA amuka sthiti meM amuka padArtha khAnA hitakara nahIM kintu vaha svAdiSTa hai, isalie khA liyA jAtA hai| adhika abrahmacarya se zArIrika aura mAnasika zaktiyAM kSINa hotI haiM kintu saMyama nahIM rahatA / anAvazyaka saMgraha se cintA, bhaya aura pratizodha bar3hate haiM kintu usake binA mAnasika santuSTi nahIM hotii| bAharI aura sAmUhika samasyAeM parivartita hone para kyA vyakti Ananda se bhara jAtA hai ? aisA nahIM hotaa| mahattvAkAMkSA kevala unnati kI AkAMkSA nahIM kintu sarvocca banane ke lie dUsaroM ko girAne kI pravRtti, yazolAlasA IrSyA asahiSNutA Adi-Adi aisI vRttiyAM haiM; jo vyakti kI Antarika zAnti ko kuredatI rahatI haiN| ___sarva suvidhA sampanna rASTra ke nAgarika, jinheM jIvana kI anivAryatAeM nahIM satAtI, kyA ina vRttiyoM se mukta haiM ? paryApta suvidhAeM milane para bhI unameM saMyama kI cetanA na jAge to zAnti nahIM AtI / do vyakti haiN| eka prema karanA cAhatA hai, dUsarA nahIM caahtaa| cAha pUrI nahIM hotI, mana azAnti se bhara AtA hai| cAha yA apekSAeM aneka hotI haiN| jinase jo apekSAeM haiM, ve unheM saphala nahIM banAte, apekSA rakhane vAlA khAka ho jAtA hai| sampanna vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM bhI ulajhaneM AtI haiN| kaI cintA meM prANa homa DAlate haiN| kaI AtmahatyA se bhI nahIM cukte| tAtparya meM mata bhUlie-suvidhAoM se jIvana sarasa bana jAtA hai, yaha manuSya ke sira meM sIMga hone kI bAta se kama mithyA nahIM hai| ___moTara kA DrAivara cAhatA hai-maiM seTha jaisA dhanI baneM / seTha mana hI mana prArthanA karatA hai-mujhe DrAivara jaisI nizcinta nIMda aae| DrAivara zAnti ke mUlya para suvidhAeM cAhatA hai| yaha saca hai, suvidhA kA svAda cakhe binA zAnti kA mUlya samajha meM nahIM aataa| abhAva meM pratyeka vastu mUlyavAn bana jAtI hai / zAnti kI khoja suvidhAoM ke abhAva se nahIM nikltii| vaha unake atireka se utpanna hotI

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208 ahiMsA tattva darzana hai| itihAsa dekhie-bar3e-bar3e dhanapati suvidhAoM kA bhoga karate-karate thaka gae, tRpti nahIM milii| usa atRpti ne unheM tRpti-mArga DhUDhane ko prerita kiyA aura ve suvidhAoM ko ThukarAkara kaThora patha kI ora cala pdd'e| tyAga kI akiMcanatA ne unheM tRpta banA diyaa| padArtha kA abhAva satAtA hai, usakA bhAva asantoSa paidA karatA hai / saMyama svastha banAtA hai| eka vyakti moTara daur3Ae jAtA hai| garIba ko IrSyA ho jAtI hai| use paidala calane meM dInatA jAna par3atI hai| vaha eka bAragI tar3apa uThatA haimoTara ke lie| eka saMyamI ne bhI use dekhA kintu spardhA nahIM bnii| usane pAdavihAra kA vrata vAhana-yAtrA se adhika mahattvapUrNa mAna svIkAra kiyA hai| tAtparya kI bhASA meM par3hie-tRpti abhAva meM bhI nahIM hai, bhAva meM bhI nahIM hai, yaha unase pare hai| yaha jo pare kI vRtti hai, vahI hRdaya-parivartana hai / samasyA yaha hai--garIboM kI dhana meM niSThA hai| ve suvidhAoM ko hI sarvasva mAna baiThe haiN| dhana se pare bhI sukha-zAnti hai-yaha bhI unakI samajha se pare hai| dUsarI ora dhanapati pUMjI ke daladala meM phaMse hue haiN| unakI zAnti kI cAha suvidhA ke vyAmoha ko cIrakara Age nahIM bar3ha paatii| dhobI kA kuttA bhUkha ke mAre DhAMcA-bhara raha gyaa| mitra kuttoM ne usa dhara ko chor3a svatantra ghUmane kI salAha dI / vaha bhI ise mahasUsa karatA thA kintu vaisA ho nahIM skaa| kutte kA nAma thA 'staabaa'| dhobI kI donoM patniyAM lar3atIM, taba eka-dUsare ko 'satAbe kI bera' kahakara pukAratI / gAlI-galauca meM unake pati hone kA moha vaha nahIM chor3a sktaa| bhUkha ne usake prANa le lie| cAroM ora aisA vyAmoha chA rahA hai| jIvana ke mUlya svayaM anIti ke poSaka bana rahe haiN| isa sthiti meM hRdaya-parivartana kA prazna bar3A jaTila bana jAtA hai| ise jaTila banAne vAlA dUsarA eka kAraNa aura bhI hai| dhanapatiyoM ke zoSaNa ne garIboM ke dila meM eka pratizodha kI bhAvanA utpanna kara dii| aba ve kevala dhanapatiyoM ke hI virodhI nahIM kintu unakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke bhI virodhI bana ge| dhanapati adhyAtma aura saMtoSa kI bAteM karate haiM, unheM vaha DhakosalA lagatA hai| dharma ko bhI ve zoSaNa kA Alambana mAna baiThe haiM / unake mAnane ke pIche eka tathya bhI hai| zoSaNa ke dvArA dhana-saMgraha karate haiM, pIche zuddhi kI bhAvanA se thor3A dhana kharca kara ve dharma-vIra bana jAte haiN| dharma-ArAdhanA kI yaha sIdhI kriyA unheM zoSaNa se dUra hone kA avasara hI nahIM detii| __ Aja ke vizva-mAnasa kA adhyayana kIjie, Apako lagegA, rAjanItikavAda janatA ke mana para chA ge| AtmA, dharma, Izvara, paraloka, sadgati aura pAramArthika zAnti kI carcA nahIM bhaatii| carama lakSya ho rahA hai-isI jIvana kI adhitakama unnati / hRdaya-parivartana kI apekSA unheM hai, jo AtmazAnti meM vizvAsa

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ahiMsA tattva darzana 204 rakhate haiM, hiMsA ko yahAM aura Age azAnti bar3hAne vAlI mAnate haiN| jinheM AgAmI jIvana se koI lagAva nahIM, cAla jIvana meM hiMsA dvArA suvidhAeM sulabha hotI haiM, taba unheM hRdaya-parivartana kI bAta kaise ruce? bhautika sukha-suvidhAeM hI jinakA caramasAdhya hai, ve ahiMsA ko kyoM mahattva deN| yaha dhUpa jaisA sApha hai, adhika corabAjArI karane vAle adhika dhanI bne| bhalAI ko lie baiThe rahe, ve muMha tAkate raha ge| duniyA dhana se bika cukii| corabAjAra karane vAle bar3e haiN| bhaloM ko pUche kauna ? unake pAsa vaisA kucha hai bhI nhiiN| ve na kisI ko naukarI de sakate, na rizvata, na sahAyatA, na candA, na prItibhoja aura na aura-aura / kahie, dUsare bhale kyoM baneM? Akhira unheM bhalA banane se kyA lAbha ? bhalAI ke sAtha sahAnubhUti hai ? purAne saMskAra zabdoM meM utara Ate hoMge, AcaraNa meM to nahIM haiN| bhalAI ko protsAhana kaise mile ? jo duniyAvI bAtoM se lagAva rakhate haiM, eSaNAoM meM rasa lete haiM; yajJa, pratiSThA, saMtAna aura suvidhAeM cAhate haiM; ve bhale nahIM bana skte| bhale AdamI usa duniyA ke prANI ho sakate haiM, jinheM ina bAtoM se koI lagAva nahIM / padArtha kI, mAna-sammAna kI, bar3appana kI nirapekSA virakti se AtI hai| virakti moha ke nyUna hone se AtI hai aura moha kI nyUnatA, AtmA aura pudgala (cetana aura acetana) kA bheda jAnane se hotI hai| hRdaya-parivartana kA asalI rUpa yahI nirapekSatA hai| sAmAjika jIvana rahA sApekSa / nirapekSatA hai-vaiyaktika jIvana kI sthiti / eka sAmAjika vyakti use kaise svIkAra kara le ? isa bindu para vicAra ruka jAtA hai| vartamAna samasyAoM kA mUla yahI lagatA hai| sApekSatA ke ekAMgI svIkAra se kaThinAiyAM bar3hatI haiN| sApekSatA se spardhA, spardhA se hiMsA aura hiMsA se azAnti-yaha krama cala rahA hai| hiMsA ko prayujya mAnane vAle bhI zAnti meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM, visainyIkaraNa yA sainya ke alpIkaraNa aura nirastrIkaraNa kI carcA karate haiN| taba lagatA hai-hiMsA meM unakA vizvAsa to nahIM hai| ve use acchI bhI nahIM samajhate / ve sirpha vivazatA kI sthiti meM usake prayoga kA samarthana karate haiN| jaise-kaI dhArmika sampradAyoM ne 'Apad-dharma' ke rUpa meM hiMsA kA samarthana kiyaa| rUpa meM thor3A antara hai; bhAvanA meM zAyada nhiiN| Apad-dharma AkramaNa ke pratikAra ke lie hiMsA kA samarthana karatA hai aura Aja kA nayAvAda jIvana kI avyavasthA ke pratikAra ke lie| Akhira hiMsA jo sabake lie khatarA hai; uttama mArga to ho hI nahIM sktaa| hiMsA karane vAle ke viruddha bhI to hiMsA baratI jA sakatI hai| hiMsA burAI kA pratikAra nahIM, bure vyakti kA pratikAra hai / burA kauna nahIM ? nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM saba bure haiM / hRdaya-parivartana kA mArga hai-burAI miTe, bure-bhale bana jAeM / vyakti ko miTAne kI paramparA galata hai| miTAne kI jo prakRti bana jAtI hai, vaha phira burA-bhalA nahIM dekhtii| apane ko

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210 ahiMsA tattva darzana nahIM rucA, usI ko miTAne kI bhAvanA ubhara AtI hai| vivazatA vyakti ko krUra banAtI hai| krUratA hiMsA bana phUTa par3atI hai| aisI sthitiyAM pahale bhI haIM, aba bhI hotI haiM aura jaba kabhI bhI ho sakatI haiN| kAraNa sApha hai-hiMsA pratizodha lAtI hai / hiMsA ke prati hiMsA banatI hai / zoSaNa, krUratA aura durvyavasthA karane vAloM ke prati hiMsA bar3hatI jAtI hai, usameM koI Azcarya nhiiN| kintu hiMsA ke prayoga ko dArzanika va saiddhAntika rUpa jo milatA hai, vaha kucha Azcarya jaisA hai| koI bhI vyakti yaha nahIM cAhegA ki usake viruddha koI hiMsA brte| dala yA rASTra ke lie bhI yahI bAta hai| yaha bhI lagabhaga saca hai- sahajatayA (sthUla rUpa meM) koI hiMsA karanA bhI nahIM caahtaa| bar3I hiMsA kI preraNA kAlpanika svArthoM se milatI hai / vyakti samAja meM baMdhatA jarUra hai kintu mUla prakRtiyoM meM parivartana nahIM aataa| vaha rASTrIya rUpa meM vyApaka banatA hai kintu vaha apane rASTra kI paridhi meM baMdhakara ati-rASTrIyatAvAdI bana jAtA hai| apanA prAnta, apanA gAMva, apanA ghara, apanA parivAra, apanA zarIra-isa prakAra kI vibhAjaka manovRtti use sahI mAne meM vyakti hI banAye rakhatI hai| sAmAjikatA sirpha kAlpanika yA kAryavAhaka jaisI hotI hai| apane lie samAja se kucha milatA hai, taba taka vaha sAmAjika banA rahatA hai| kintu jahAM apane svArtha kI kSati mAlUma hotI hai, vahAM samAja usake lie kaur3I ke mUlya kA bhI nahIM hotaa| isa ati-svArthavAda se hI viSamatAeM aura zoSaNa Adi burAiyAM bar3hatI haiM / vaiyaktika-rUpa saMkucitatA utpanna karatA hai kintu vaha vastusthiti hai| use miTAyA nahIM jA sktaa| apane zarIra, apanI patnI aura apane putra ke prati yA sAdhAraNatayA apanI ruci ke anukUla padArtha ke prati jo mamatA ho sakatI hai, vaha dUsaroM ke prati nahIM ho sktii| vaiyaktika sampatti ke prati jitanA dhyAna diyA jAtA hai, utanA sAmAjika sampatti ke prati nhiiN| 'merI hai,' 'isakA lAbha mujhe milegA'-isameM koI vikalpa nahIM hotaa| 'sabakI hai,' 'isakA lAbha sabako hogA'-yahAM aneka vikalpa khar3e ho jAte haiM / jaise--phira maiM akelA isakI cintA kyoM karUM ? maiM adhika zrama kyoM karUM ? maiM spardhA kyoM karUM? maiM lekhA-jokhA kyoM karUM ?... vaiyaktika sattA koI burI vastu nahIM hai, agara vaha hita-ahita ke dAyitva ke rUpa meM ho| vyakti ke acche aura bure kArya kA pariNAma Aja yA Age usI meM hogA- yaha dhAraNA vyakti ko burAI se bacAtI hai| kArya ke pariNAma kA dAyitva vyakti para nahIM rahatA, taba acchAI meM use rasa nahIM AtA aura burAI se vaha sakucAtA nhiiN| indriyAM lolupa hotI haiM aura mana cpl| unheM icchA pUrti ke sundara se sundara sAdhana caahie| kArya kA pariNAma bhugatane kI

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ahiMsA tattva darzana cintA nahIM hotI, taba unakI prApti kI bAta mukhya hotI hai| ve kaise milate haiM-yaha bAta mukhya nahIM hotii| isI manovRtti ne manuSya ko bhogI banA rakhA hai| hRdaya-parivartana kA artha hai-tyAga kI ora jhukaav| tyAga meM vyakti kA akelApana nikharatA hai| yaha ho nahIM rahA hai| AcAryazrI tulasI ke zabdoM meM-"vyakti samAjavAda ke kSetra meM vyaktivAdI aura vyaktivAda ke kSetra meM samAjavAdI bana jAtA hai|" dhana kA saMgraha karate samaya vaha nahIM socatA--sabake pAsa itanA saMgraha nahIM hai yA saba itanA saMgraha nahIM karate, maiM akelA yaha kyoM karUM? yaha vyaktivAdI manovRtti samAja kI ora nahIM jhaaNktii| bhalAI ke svIkAra meM vyaktivAdI manovRtti honI cAhie, vahAM socane kA DhaMga yaha hotA hai ki dUsare loga anyAya se paisA kamA Ananda lUTate haiM, taba maiM hI kyoM usase bacane kA prayatna karUM? yahAM hRdaya-parivartana kI sthiti spaSTa hotI hai| vyakti AtmAnuzAsana ke dvArA hI burAI se baca sakatA hai| AtmAnuzAsana ke srota do haiM : Atma-samarpaNa aura aatm-niyntrnn| Atma-samarpaNa se sahayoga aura prema bar3hatA hai, Atma-niyantraNa se vizuddhi / AtmAnuzAsana meM kartavya dharma kI niSThA hotI hai, isalie vaha dUsare kI burAI ko apanI burAI ke lie protsAhita nahIM banane detaa| vyakti kA yaha rUpa taba samajha meM AtA hai, jaba hama use paristhitiyoM se niyantrita na mAna unase svatantra bhI mAnate haiN| isake anusAra nirapekSatA vyakti kA svatantra mUlya hai, upacarita mUlya hai saapeksstaa| nagnatA svAbhAvika hai aura lajjA upcrit| nagnatA nirapekSa hai aura lajjA sApekSa / lajjA kI maryAdA ke bAre meM saba ekamata nahIM ho sakate kintu nagnatA sahaja hai-isameM do mata hone kI bAta nhiiN| deza, kAla aura sthiti ke anusAra manuSya-samAja ke saMskAra banate-bigar3ate haiN| unakI sacAI kI kasauTI ruci bana sakatI hai, jo mAnyatA kA satya hai| vastu-sthiti kA saMskAra se lagAva nahIM hotaa| vyakti ko samAja va samAjajanita paristhitiyoM se baddha mAnane vAloM kI dRSTi meM parivartana kI dizA sAmUhika hI ho sakatI hai, vaiyaktika nhiiN| sthitiyAM badalane para vyakti ko svayaM badalanA par3atA hai| vyakti kA hRdaya badalanA aicchika hai| samAja kI maryAdA badalane para vyakti ko badalanA anivArya hai| itihAsa ke prophesara batAte haiM -jaba kabhI samAja meM parivartana AyA, vaha janatA kI sAmUhika krAnti se AyA, vyakti-vyakti ke parivartana se nhiiN| jana-krAnti ko hI dUsare zabdoM meM sattA kI krAnti smjhie| parivartana kI anivAryatA sattA meM hai| sattA Upara se nIce kI ora nahIM sarakatI, taba taka maulika parivartana nahIM aataa| zoSaka-varga kA zAsana zoSita-varga kI kaThinAiyoM ko nahIM samajha sktaa| zoSita

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212 ahiMsA tattva darzana aura zoSaka kA varga-bheda tabhI miTa sakatA hai jaba sattA zoSaka ke hAtha se lur3hakakara zoSita ke hAtha meM A jaae| yaha bhI parivartana hai, hRdaya kA nahIM kintu paristhiti kaa| hRdaya kA parivartana vyakti ke apane viveka se hotA hai aura sthiti kA parivartana sattA se| sattA viveka-zUnya hotI hai, usameM parivartana kI maulikatA ko dekhane kI dRSTi nahIM hotI, isalie usameM calate-calate vikAra A jAtA hai| rAjataMtra kA itihAsa dekhie / vaha kisa rUpa meM calA aura usakI antyeSTi kisa rUpa meM huii| hRdayaparivartana meM sAmUhika sthiti ke parivartana kI anivAryatA nahIM hai| kintu yaha e. dizA hai, jo sarvavyApI na hone para bhI sabako sahI mArga dikhA sakatI hai| saMskAra-parivartana se vicAra-parivartana, vicAra-parivartana se hRdaya-parivartana, hRdaya-parivartana se sthiti kA parivartana hotA hai| yaha krama acchAI aura burAI donoM kA hai| zoSaNa ke lie hRdaya meM svArtha cAhie aura use chor3ane ke lie prbhaarth| apanI sukha-suvidhAoM ke lie dUsare kI sukha-suvidhAoM ko na lUTane kI vRtti jAga jAe, vaisA saMskAra bana jAe, yahI hRdaya-parivartana kA siddhAnta hai| vaha vivAda se pare kA vAda hai, isalie isakI sabako apekSA hai|

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lekhaka kI pramukha kRtiyAM 0 mana ke jIte jIta 0 kisane kahA mana caMcala hai * ekalA calo re * merI dRSTi : merI suSTi 0 manana aura mUlyAMkana * maiM hU~ apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA * apane ghara meM 0 karmavAda * appANaM zaraNaM gacchAmi 0 zakti kI sAdhanA 0 AbhAmaNDala * eso paMca NamokkAro * jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA 0 ahiMsA tattva darzana 0 ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale 0 aNuvrata darzana 0 taTa do: pravAha eka 0 naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa vicAra kA anubandha cetanA kA UrvArohaNa 0 jaina yoga * ahama 0 jIva-ajIva 0 terApaMtha : zAsana-anuzAsana * bandI zabda : mukta bhAva 0 anubhava : cintana manana aadi-aadi| Vain ESO

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