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Jainism : Through Science
1. Jiva i.e. the living element (ātmā or soul) 2. Dharma i.e. the medium for motion 3. Adharma i.e. the medium for rest 4. Akás'a i.e. space 5. Pudgal i.e. matter 6. Kál i.e. Time
From these six elements only the first element is a living element, while the rest are nonliving elements.
According to Jainology, time and space both are the elements with their separate existence. They are not co-related. The theory of special relativity mentions that space and time are co-related. A phenomenon, which occurred at one point of space can appear after some time at another point of space. The point of time, when the phenomenon appears at the second point of space, is the present time for the second point and the past time for the first point. Thus time is nothing but the measurement of space. i.e. there isn't a separate existence of time.
Jain scriptures show that space is divided in two parts, Lokākās'a and Alokākās'a. Lokäkas'a means space belonging to the universe. Loka means the whole universe inhabited by living beings. It consists not only of the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom as accepted by the modern science but it also consists of all types of soil-lives, water-lives, fire-lives, wind-lives, and gas-lives as found in Jain Biology. Space beyond the Loka (universe) is called Alokākäs'a, where there is no possibility for the existence of a living being and also Aloka does not include the rest of the four non-living elements Dharma, Adharma, Matter and Time.
Moreover the universe is completely filled with two non -' material elements named Dharma and Adharma.. Outside the universe Dharma and Adharma do not exist. Though both elements: are completely separate from each other, they combine with each other like milk and water. Therefore we find both elements in the same space. The element Dharma helps the motion of mobile objects, while the element Adharma helps the stagnation of stagnant objects. And we have to remember that these elements are not constituted of material particles. So the belief fostered by our
