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Jainism : Through Science 3. Ähārak Vargaņā 4. Taijas Vargaņā 5. Bhasha Vargañá 6. S'wäsocchawasa Vargaņā 7. Mano Vargaņā 8. Karmana Vargaņā
At present all the fundamental particles like electron, proton, neutron, positron, neutrino, quark etc. that have been discovered by our scientists, belong to the first Audārika Varganā.
SAMAYA -- The Smallest and Basic Unit of Time...
SAMAYA is a technical word of Jain philosophical tradition and is used in scriptures. It is the smallest unit of time. There isn't a smaller unit than SAMAYA. AVALIKĀ is also a unit of time and a technical word of Jain traditional scriptures. According to Jainology 1 Muhürta (i.e. 48 minute) contains 1, 67, 77, 216 AVALIKÄS, it means in 1 second, the number of AVALIKĀS is approximately 5825.4221... Even though there isn't a definite reference in Jain traditional scriptures to the number of SAMAYAs, of 1 AVALIKA, we could find that 1 AVALIKÄ contains uncountable SAMAYAS. Here uncountable number means, it cannot be denoted in numbers or in mathematical terms or equation.
Now-a-days, scientists have taken the second as the smallest unit of time and they can measure a pico fone trillionth) second, which is equal to 10-12 second. But this Jain technical word SAMAYA is the smallest unit and though it is difficult to denote it, in terms of seconds, according to the calculation of Shri Nandalal Jain, it is possible that 1 SAMAYA is equal to approximately, 10-380 sec. to 10-500 sec.
During this smallest time-unit, SAMAYA, a maximum velocity of the atom (paramănu-atom of Jain philosophy) is 14 Rājaloka (Rajju). It means a paramānu can go throughout the universe or from the lower end to the upper end or from the upper end to the lower end within a SAMAYA. A Rajju is the greatest unit of length.
Though, C.T. Colebrook and S'ri G.R. Jain have tried to calculate
