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Jainism : Through Science beginning after some permutations and commutations in his mathematical calculations, Max planck found out a new equation but could not give derivative proof of it. With the help of this equation 'the ultraviolet enigma' could be sloved, but in order to give a scientifically derivative proof of this equation Max planck had to undergo immense intellactual labour. In the process of solving this equaiton he felt that the principles of classical physics needed to be radically changed. After changing these principles he presented his new principle named the quantum theory to the Berlin Academy of Science in the year 1900 A. D. and the particle theory of light emerged in a new form.
According to the quantum theory originated by Max Planck, the emission of energy, inconstantly takes place in the form of 'quanta' and for that he offered his equation as under :
En = nhf, where E denotes energy getting emission.
n denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and so on i. e. integer numbers. h is the universal constant of Max planck and f denotes frequency.
The value of Planck's constant h is 6.624 x 10-27 ergs/sec. Max Planck has named the particles of light as photons. Thus in the process of arriving at the solution of the 'Ultraviolet enigma' with the help of the quantum theory, there arose a contigency for accepting the particle form of light and the question regarding the acceptance of the wave theory and the particle theory stood unsolved as before.
In England Mr. J. J. Thomson found out electrons and in Germany the scientist named Lenard experimentally proved that electrons are emitted if ultraviolet light of definite frequency is incident upon metals. i.e. the evaporation of electrons takes place. This phenomenon is known as photoelectric effect.
In 1905 A.D. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) the physicist born in Germany, presented the special theory of relativity and on the basis of the quantum theory of Max Planck, he carried out his research works. His research works strengthened the quantum theory.
Using the phenomenon of photoelectric effect, Einstein presented the views of Max Planck more revolutionarily and thus he showed
