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KPIORAPHIA INDIOA.
[VOL. XXII.
made between the Gatiga king Vajrahasta m., the father of Rajarkja I., and Virarăjëndra whom practically Kulottunga I. sticceeded. The Ranyikamari inscription of Virarijëndra clearly states that that king regained Vagi and Kalinga which were neglected by his two predecesors. In htle Tamil historical introductions, Verarijandra sotually claims to have driven the Chalukyus at Vijayavadai, i.e., Beswada, and crossing the seven Kalingas, and reaching the Mahendragiri, to have bestowed that country on Vijayaditya who, it is said, sought his refuge. This seems to have taken place in A.D. 1068. Further troubles arising in this quarter, Virarājandra, after his successful war in Ceylon in A.D. 1006 against Vijayabiha, is said to have sent a large army into Kalinga and to have detented the Chalukyus and their allies at Chakkarakkottam. It might be on this last occasion, i.e., immediately before Kulottunga's assumption of power, that the Kalingas were probably made to pay tribute to the Cholas.
To the student of Tamil literary history the inseription has no less an interest as it serves to determine the date of composition of the Kalingattupparapi which may be taken to be contemporaneous with the Kalinga war of Vapduvaraja With the help of a number of manuscripte, Mahavidvän K. Subbaraya Mudaliyar brought out an early edition of this work which is now qut of print. In it a well as in the edition of the late V. G. Suryanarayana Sastri published several years afterwards in 1898, vene 63 of Canto XI has at the end of the first line the words
adipan viram' which has been changed into Anantapanman in the recent edition of Mr. N. Gopala Iyer; and there is no alternative reading given for it. The difference is indeed very vital and one would certainly wish to know in this particular case of the introduction of a proper name, on which manuscript the reading Anantapanman' which is not found in the two earlier editions, is based and the age of that manusoript also. If indeed the name Anantapanman is found in a trustworthy early manuscript not available to Messrs. Mudaliyar and Sastri, it would be worth . congidoration. The Dråkshärima inscription shows, as we have seen already, that the date of the Kalings war must be earlier than A.D. 1078. And being conducted by the same minister of the king as is mentioned in the Kalingattupparapi, the introduction of the name Anantapanman in the poem, supposing that it sotually occurs in an early and trustworthy manuscript, oalls for an explanation. Besides, the following questions also naturally arise. Did Vaduvan ja conduct two war against Kalinga, both in the absence of the king, or only one! It two, WM.Ons waged against Davondravarman Rajaraja I. and the other against his son Anant*varman ! And does the Kalingathupparapi celebrate the latter, omitting the general's other sobiovement! And if only one, how does Anantavarman figure in the poem and Davēndra. varman in the inscription! It seems to me that the easiest way of getting over the difficulty is to suppose that while the war was actually waged in the reign of Dēvēndravarman, his son Anantavarman took an active part in it as we do find in many in tances. Among the numerous records of Anantavarman Chodaganga, there are several which furnish both the Saka and regnal years which work out for his accession A. D. 1074-5. This date, it will be observed, is three years earlier than the date given in the plates for the king's coronation. The difference has to be accounted for by supposing that Anantavarman was nominated for rulership in A. D. 1074-5 but was actually crowned in A. D. 1078. Since stone inscriptions generally count the regnal years of kings from the date of nomination, it is clear that during the first three years, i.e., in the period A. D. 1074-5 to 1078, he must have been co-regent with his father Dévēndravarman
1 Trav. Arch. Series, Vol. III, p. 148, v. 77. • See above Vol. XXI, p. 243. * Ibid., p. 244 Nou. 246, 380, 386, 387, 388, 392 and 393 of the Madras epigraphical collection for 1896.
