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The syllogistic roots of pra lie in the prameya, pramana and parikcha processes of Jaina view for validation, but not necessarily with a specific objective or hetu.
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The first one hundred seventy seven suttas (Prakrit, sūtras in Sanskrit) from the first volume known as the Satprarupana. It elaborates in the subject of living and non-living entities in terms of the physical concepts of space and time in the realm of the human condition and activity.
The first twenty-three suttas of the Satprarupana provide a remarkable guide to the deeper issues of the human condition. They bring out the Agamic thought of world-view, and asserts that the world in knowable through human efforts to create verified knowledge.
The Satprarupana text as a whole conceptulizes the physiognomical system of living heing based on the Jaina scriptural reading, and classifies them into fourteen stages, under fourteen margana (investigation) categories and through eight anuyogadväras (disquisition doors). This is explained in three sub-texts, namely: (a) Enunciation of Existence (b) Numeration of Living Beings, based on Dravyapramāṇānugama (one of the disquisition doors (c) Eutikas (nine appendices) in three sub-texts.
Outsides of the suttas, the subject matter is treated and explained by adopting 'ogha' (generalization) and 'adesa (specialization) descriptional methodology. The contents thus may be summarized by sutta numbers in the following presentation:
Mangalacarana (Bendedictory Prologue, s.1). Marganas (Methods of Investigations, s.2). Anuyogadväras (Disquisition Doors, s.5). Ogha and Adesa (Descriptional Categories, s. 8-9), Gati (Destinity, s. 24), Indriya (Senses, S. 33). Kaya (Embodiment, s. 39), Yoga (Activities, s. 47), Veda (Libido, s. 101), Kasayas (Passions, s. 111), Jana (Knowledge, s. 115), Darsana (Conation, s. 123), Samyama (Restraint, s. 131), Lesya (Colouration. Aureola. s. 136), Bhavyatva (Liberatablity, s. 141), Samyaktva (Righteousness, s. 144). Sanji (Instinctive, s. 172) and Ahara (Food intake, s. 175-177).
From this, it can be noted that eight out of the fourteen characteristics like destinity, senses activity, embodiments, libido, instincts, intake and colourations deal with physically living beings; and the rest relate to the psychology of human beings, in terms of passsions, knowledge, conations, righteousness, liberatbility and restraint. Thus, the text takes into consideration both the physical and psychological aspects of living beings. The Satprarupana therefore is considered as one of the earliest text in India that deals with such subjects. as the biology and psychology of living beings in a structurally systematized
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Jain Education International
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Arhat Vacana, 14(4), 2002
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