Sagar Jain Vidya Bharti Part 5

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001688/1

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sAgara jaina vidyA bhAratI bhAga-5 pro. sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 2002 www.jalivelibrary.org

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA- 138 pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI bhAga - 5 (pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke zodha lekhoM kA saMkalana) pro0 sAgaramala jaina vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 2002

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA-138 pustaka : sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI lekhaka : pro0 sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI- 221005 : dUrabhASa 0542 - 316521, 318046 : phaiksa 0542 - 318046 prathama saMskaraNa : 2002 I0 mUlya : 100.00 rUpaye mAtra akSara sajjA : rAjeza kampyUTarsa jayaprakAza nagara, zivapuravA, vArANasI / saritA kampyUTarsa auraMgAbAda, vaaraannsii| : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya, bhelUpura, vArANasI / .: pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ISBN : 81-86715-68-1 Parswanatha Vidyapitha Series : 138 Book : Sagara Jaina-Vidya Bharati Author : Prof. Sagarmal Jain Publisher : Parswanatha Vidyapitha I.T.I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi- 221005 : Phone 0542 -316521,318046 ____Fax 0542 -318046 First Edition : 2002 Price 100.00 Rs. Only Type Setting : Rajesh Computers, Jaiprakash Nagar, Shivpurwa, Varanasi Sarita Computers, Aurangabad, Varanasi. Printed at : Varddhamana Mudranalaya, Bhelupur, Varanasi. mudraka

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prakAzakIya pro0 sAgaramala jaina, jo jaina dharma-darzana ke antarrASTrIya khyAtiprApta vidvAn haiM, ne jaina - vidyA ke vividha pakSoM para apanI lekhanI calAyI haiM aura use apane gambhIra cintanamanana evaM prAmANikatA ke AdhAra para nayA svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pro0 jaina ke sabhI Alekha sArvakAlika haiM / pro0 jaina ke AlekhoM kI isI sArvakAlikatA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ne san 1993 meM unake AlekhoM ko sAgara jainavidyA bhAratI ke rUpa meM prakAzita karane kI yojanA banAyI / isa krama meM sAgara jaina- vidyA bhAratI, bhAga-1 san 1993 meM, bhAga - 2 san 1995 meM, bhAga - 3 san 1997 meM tathA bhAga4 san 2001 meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| sAgara jaina vidyA bhAratI, bhAga-5 usI yojanA kI agalI kar3I ke rUpa meM Apa pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karane meM atyanta harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai / isa aGka meM sammilita 10 AlekhoM meM se 7 Alekha prAkRta bhASA vizeSataH ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI se sambandhita haiM / vigata kaI varSoM se ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI kI prAcInatA ke viSaya meM carcA ho rahI hai| pro0 jaina ne prAmANika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vastusthiti kI samIkSA kI hai / pro0 jaina ke ye zodha - Alekha jaina dharma-darzana, itihAsa, sAhitya Adi viSayoM ke vividha AyAmoM para sazakta prastutiyA~ haiN| AzA hai zodha - vidyArthiyoM evaM sudhI pAThakoM ke lie ye Alekha upayogI siddha hoMge / isa pustaka kI prUpha rIDiMga pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pravaktA DaoN0 zivaprasAda ne kI hai tathA presa sambandhI kAryoM kA dAyitva DaoN0 vijaya kumAra ne nirvahana kiyA hai, ataH pravaktAdvaya kA maiM hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / sundara akSara-sajjA ke lie rAjeza kampyUTarsa evaM saritA kampyUTara tathA satvara mudraNa hetu varddhamAna mudraNAlaya ko dhanyavAda detA hU~ / dinAMka : 07-03-2002 indrabhUti barar3a saMyukta saciva pArzvanAtha vidyApITha

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viSayAnukramaNikA 1. ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya : kucha satya aura tathya 2. jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA : ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI ? 3. prAkRta vidyA meM pro0 TA~TiyA jI ke nAma se prakAzita unake vyAkhyAna ke vicArabinduoM kI samIkSA 4. zaurasenI prAkRta ke sambandha meM pro0 bholAzaGkara vyAsa kI sthApanAoM kI samIkSA 48-56 azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA : mAgadhI yA zaurasenI 57-65 6. kyA brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke liye eka hI AkRti thI ? 66-74 7. oGmAgadhI prAkRta : eka nayA zaguphA 75-83 8. bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM nihita anekAnta 84-102 9. jaina darzana kI paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana 10. pravacanasAroddhAra : eka adhyayana 103 - 119 120-190 5. 1-9 10-36 37-47

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AdaraNIya bhAI sAhaba zrI bhUpendranAtha jI jaina ko sAdara samarpita au sAgaramala jaina

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ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kucha satya aura tathya ardhamAgadhI Agama prAkRta sAhitya kA prAcInatama rUpa __ bhArata kI tIna prAcIna bhASAe~ haiM- saMskRta, prAkRta aura paalii| unameM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha jo sAhitya upalabdha hai, usameM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya prAcInatama hai| yahA~ taka ki AcArAGga kA prathama zrutaskandha aura RSibhASita to azokakAlIna prAkRta abhilekhoM se bhI prAcIna haiN| ye donoM grantha lagabhaga I0pU0 pAMcavIM-cauthI zatAbdI kI racanAe~ haiN| AcArAGga kI sUtrAtmaka aupaniSadika zailI use upaniSadoM kA nikaTavartI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI svayaM kI vANI siddha karatI hai| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI tInoM ke AdhAra para yaha sampUrNa pAli aura prAkRta sAhitya meM prAcInatama hai| AtmA ke svarUpa evaM astitva sambandhI isake vivaraNa aupaniSadika vivaraNoM ke anurUpa haiN| isameM pratipAdita mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta bhI alaukikatA aura atizayatA rahita hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha vivaraNa usa vyakti dvArA likhA gayA hai, jisane svayaM unakI jIvanacaryA ko nikaTatA se dekhA aura jAnA hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM hI sUtrakRtAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyAya, AcArAGgacUlA aura kalpasUtra meM bhI mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA kA ullekha hai kintu vaha bhI apekSAkRta rUpa meM AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI apekSA paravartI hai, kyoMki unameM kramaza: alaukikatA, atizayatA aura atiraMjanA kA praveza hotA gayA hai| isI prakAra RSibhASita kI sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se rahita udAradRSTi tathA bhAva aura bhASAgata aneka tathya use AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara sampUrNa prAkRta evaM pAli sAhitya meM prAcInatama siddha karate haiN| pAli sAhitya meM prAcInatama grantha suttanipAta mAnA jAtA hai, kintu aneka tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki RSibhASita suttanipAta se bhI prAcIna hai|3 ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA sthUlibhadra ke samaya arthAt IsA pUrva tIsarI zatI meM huI thI, ata: itanA nizcita hai ki usa samaya taka ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya astittva meM A cukA thaa| isa prakAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke kucha granthoM ke racanAkAla kI uttarasImA I0pU0 pAMcavIM-cauthI zatAbdI siddha hotI hai, jo ki isa sAhitya kI prAcInatA ko pramANita karatI hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA racanAkAla hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya na to eka

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vyakti kI racanA hai aura na eka kAla kii| yaha satya hai ki isa sAhitya ko antima rUpa vIranirvANasamvat 980 meM valabhI meM sampanna huI vAcanA meM prApta huaa| isa AdhAra para hamAre kucha vidvAn mitra sahaja niSkarSa nikAla lete haiM ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya IsvI san kI pAMcavI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| yadi ardhamAgadhI Agama IsA kI pAMcavI-chaThI kI zatI kI racanA hai, to valabhI kI isa vAcanA ke pUrva bhI valabhI, mathurA, khaNDagiri aura pATalIputra meM jo vAcanAyeM huI thIM unameM saMkalita sAhitya kauna sA thA? unheM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki valabhI meM mukhyataH AgamoM ko saMkalita, suvyavasthita aura sampAdita karake lipibaddha (pustakArUr3ha) kiyA gayA thA, ata: yaha kisI bhI sthiti meM unakA racanA kAla nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMkalana aura sampAdana kA artha racanA nahIM hai| punaH AgamoM meM viSayavastu, bhASA aura zailI kI jo vividhatA aura bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha spaSTatayA isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki saMkalana aura sampAdana ke samaya unako maulikatA ko yathAvat rakhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, anyathA Aja unake prAcIna svarUpa samApta hI ho jAte aura AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI bhASA aura zailI bhI parivartita ho jAtI tathA usake upadhAnazruta nAmaka naveM adhyAya meM varNita mahAvIra kA jIvanavRta alaukikatA evaM atizayoM se yukta bana jaataa| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki AgamoM kI viSaya vastu meM kucha aMza prakSipta hue haiM, kintu prathama to aise prakSepa bahuta kama haiM aura dUsare unheM spaSTa rUpa se pahacAnA bhI jA sakatA hai| ata: isa AdhAra para sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko paravartI mAna lenA sabase bar3I bhrAnti hogii| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya para kabhI-kabhI mahArASTrI prAkRta ke prabhAva ko dekhakara bhI usakI prAcInatA para saMdeha kiyA jAtA hai| kintu prAcIna hastapratoM ke AdhAra para pAThoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki aneka prAcIna hastapratoM meM Aja bhI unakA ardhamAgadhI kA 'ta' pradhAna svarUpa surakSita hai| AcArAGga ke prakAzita saMskaraNoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unameM aneka pAThAntara haiN| isa sAhitya para jo mahArASTI prabhAva A gayA hai vaha lipikAroM aura TIkAkAroM kI apanI bhASA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sUtrakRtAMga kA 'rAmaputte' pATha cUrNi meM 'rAmAutte' aura zIlAMka kI TIkA meM 'rAmagutte' ho gyaa| ata: ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM mahArASTrI prAkRta ke prabhAva ko dekhakara unake prAcInatA para saMdaha nahIM karanA caahiye| apitu una granthoM kI vibhinna pratoM evaM niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura TIkAoM ke AdhAra para pAThoM ke prAcInasvarUpoM ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna karanA caahiye| vastuta: ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM vibhinna kAla kI sAmagrI surakSita hai| isakI uttara sImA I0 pU0 pAMcavIM-cauthI zatAbdI aura nimna sImA I0 san kI pAMcavI zatAbdI hai kintu ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM aura unake kisI aMza vizeSa kA kAla nirdhArita karate samaya unameM upalabdha sAMskRtika sAmagrI, dArzanika cintana kI spaSTatA evaM gahanatA tathA bhASA

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zailI Adi sabhI pakSoM para prAmANikatA ke sAtha vicAra karanA caahie| isa dRSTi adhyayana karane para hI yaha spaSTa bodha ho sakegA ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA kauna sA grantha athavA usakA aMzavizeSa kisa kAla kI racanA hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI viSayavastu sambandhI nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA meM hameM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra, nandIcUrNI evaM tattvArthabhASya meM tathA digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha kI TIkAoM, dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM milate haiN| usameM bhI tattvArtha kI digambara paramparA kI TIkAoM aura dhavalAdi meM unakI viSayavastu sambandhI mAtra anuzrutiparaka nirdeza haiM, ve granthoM ke vAstavika adhyayana para AdhArita nhiiN| unameM diyA gayA vivaraNa-tattvArthabhASya ke AdhAra para paramparA se prApta sUcanAoM para AdhArita hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha unake jo vivaraNa sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandI Adi ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM evaM TIkAoM meM haiM ve granthoM ke avalokana para AdhArita haiM ata: Agama granthoM kI viSayavastu meM kAlakrama meM kyA parivartana huA hai isakI sUcanA zvetAmbara paramparA ke uparyukta granthoM se prApta ho jAtI hai| inake adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kisa kAla meM kisa Agama grantha meM kauna sI sAmagrI jur3I aura alaga huI hai| AcArAMga meM AyAracUlA aura nizItha ke jur3ane, punaH nizItha ke alaga hone kI ghaTanA samavAyAMga aura sthAnAMga meM samaya-samaya para hue prakSepa, jJAtA ke dvitIya varga meM jur3e adhyAya; praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu meM huA sampUrNa parivartana; antakRtadazA, anuttaraupapAtika evaM vipAka ke adhyayanoM meM hue AMzika parivartana ina sabakI pramANika jAnakArI hameM inake samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se mila jAtI hai| isameM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA parivartana hI aisA hai, jisake vartamAna svarUpa kI sUcanA kevala nandIcUrNi (IsvI san sAtavIM zatI) meM milatI hai| vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa, lagabhaga IsvI san kI chaThI zatAbdI meM astitva meM AyA hai| isa prakAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya lagabhaga eka sahasra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM kisa prakAra nirmita, parivardhita, paravartita evaM sampAdita hotA rahA hai isakI sUcanA bhI svayaM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya aura usakI TIkAoM se mila jAtI hai| ata: Agama vizeSa yA usake aMzavizeSa ke racanAkAla kA nirdhAraNa eka jaTila samasyA hai, isa sambandha meM viSayavastu, vicAroM kA vikAsakrama, bhASA-zailI Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se nirNaya karanA hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavoM aura nau gaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo ki vIra nirvANa saM0 584 taka astitva meM A cuke the| kintu usameM boTikoM evaM una paravartI gaNoM, kuloM aura zAkhAoM ke ullekha nahIM haiM jo vIra nirvANa saM0 609 athavA usake bAda astitva meM Aye, ata: viSayavastu kI dRSTi se sthAnAMga ke racanAkAla kI antima sImA vIra nirvANa samvat 609 ke pUrva arthAt IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArdha yA dvitIya zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI

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bhASA-zailI AcArAMga ke racanAkAla ko ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna siddha karatI hai| isa prakAra na to hamAre kucha digambara vidvAnoM kI yaha dRSTi samucita hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama devarddhigaNi kI vAcanA ke samaya arthAt IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM Aye aura na kucha zvetAmbara AcAryoM kA yaha kahanA hI samucita hai ki sabhI aMga Agama gaNadharoM kI racanA hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki kucha prakSepoM ko chor3akara ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya zaurasenI Agama sAhitya se prAcIna hai| zaurasenI Agama kA prAcInatama grantha kasAyapAhuDa bhI IsvI san kI tIsarI zatAbdI se prAcIna nahIM hai| ata: prAkRta Agama sAhitya meM ardhamAgadhI Agama hI prAcInatama hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI viSaya vastu sarala hai ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI viSaya vastu mukhyata: upadezaparaka, AcAraparaka evaM kathAparaka hai| bhagavatI ke kucha aMza, prajJApanA, anuyogadvAra, jo ki apekSAkRta paravartI hai, unako chor3akara unameM prAya: gahana dArzanika evaM saiddhAntika carcAoM kA abhAva hai| viSaya pratipAdana sarala, sahaja aura sAmAnya vyakti ke lie bhI bodhagamya hai| vaha mukhyata: vivaraNAtmaka evaM upadezAtmaka hai| isake viparIta zaurasenI AgamoM meM ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra ko chor3akara lagabhaga sabhI grantha dArzanika evaM saiddhAntika carcA se yukta haiN| ve paripakva dArzanika vicAroM ke paricAyaka haiN| guNasthAna aura karmasiddhAnta kI ve gaharAIyA~, jo zaurasenI AgamoM meM upalabdha haiM, ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM unakA prAyaH abhAva hI hai| kundakunda ke samayasAra ke samAna saiddhAntika dRSTi se adhyAtmavAda ke pratisthApana kA bhI unameM koI prayAsa parilakSita nahIM hotA yadyapi ye saba unakI kamI bhI kahI jA sakatI haiM, kintu cintana ke vikAsakrama kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para spaSTa rUpa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya prAthamika stara ke hone se prAcIna bhI hai aura sAtha hI vikasita zaurasenI AgamoM ke AdhArabhUta bhii| samavAyAMga meM jIvasthAnoM ke nAma se 14 guNasthAnoM kA mAtra nirdeza hai, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama jaisA prAcIna zaurasenI Agama bhI unakI gambhIratA se carcA karatA hai| mUlAcAra, bhagavatIArAdhanA, kundakunda ke grantha aura gommaTasAra Adi sabhI meM guNasthAnoM kI vistRta carcA hai| cUMki tattvArtha meM guNasthAnoM kI carcA evaM syAdvAda saptabhaMgI kA abhAva hai, ata: ye sabhI ke racanAe~ tattvArtha ke bAda kI kRtiyA~ mAnI jA sakatI haiN| isI prakAra kaSAyapAhuDa, SaTakhaNDAgama, gommaTasAra Adi zaurasenI Agama granthoM meM karma siddhAnta kI jo gahana carcA hai, vaha bhI ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM anupalabdha hai| ata: ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI sarala bodhagamya evaM prAthamika stara kI vivaraNAtmaka zailI unakI vizeSatA evaM prAcInatA kI sUcaka hai|

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tathyoM kA sahaja saMkalana ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM tathyoM kA sahaja saMkalana kiyA gayA hai ata: aneka sthAnoM para saiddhAntika dRSTi se unameM visaMgatiyAM pAyI jAtI haiN| vastuta: ye grantha akRtrima bhAva se race gaye haiM aura unheM saMgatiyukta banAne kA koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA gyaa| eka ora unameM ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA ke sAtha pAlana ke nirdeza haiM to dUsarI ora aise aneka nirdeza bhI haiM jo isa sUkSma ahiMsaka jIvanazailI ke viparIta haiN| isa prakAra eka ora unameM na kevala muni kI acelatA kA pratipAdana hai apitu usakA samarthana bhI kiyA gayA hai, to dUsarI ora vastra, pAtra ke sAtha-sAtha muni ke upakaraNoM kI lambI sUcI bhI mila jAtI hai| eka ora kezaloMca kA vidhAna hai to dUsarI kSura-muNDana kI anujJA bhI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vedanIya ke bhedoM meM krodha vedanIya Adi kA ullekha hai, jo ki karma siddhAnta ke granthoM meM yahA~ taka ki svayaM uttarAdhyayana ke karmaprakRti nAmaka adhyayana meM bhI anupalabdha hai, ukta sAkSyoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya jaina saMgha kA, niSpakSa itihAsa prastuta karatA hai| vastutaH tathyoM kA yathArtharUpa meM prastutIkaraNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI vizeSatA hai| vastuta: tathyAtmaka vividhatAoM evaM antarvirodhoM ke kAraNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke granthoM kA kAlakrama-nirdhAraNa sahaja ho jAtA hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM jainasaMgha ke itihAsa kA prAmANika rUpa yadi hama ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana kareM to hameM yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainaparamparA ke AcAra evaM vicAra meM kAlakrama meM kucha parivartana hue| dArzanika cintana aura AcAra-niyamoM meM kAlakrama meM hue parivartanoM ko jAnane kA AdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama hI hai, kyoMki ina parivartanoM ko samajhane ke lie unameM tathyoM ke krama ko khojA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaina dharma meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kaise dRDhamUla hotA gayA isakI jAnakArI RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatI ke pandrahaveM zataka ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se mila jAtI hai| RSibhASita meM nArada, maMkhaligozAla, asitadevala, tArAyaNa, yAjJavalkya, bAhuka Adi anya paramparA ke RSiyoM ko arhat RSi kahakara sammAnita kiyA gyaa| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kapila, nami, karakaNDu, naggati, gardabhAlI, saMjaya Adi kA sammAnapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA gayA aura sUtrakRtAMga meM inameM se kucha ko paramparA-sammata mAnA gayA, yadyapi jaina paramparA se unake AcArabheda ko bhI darzAyA gayA; vahIM jJAtAdharmakathA meM nArada kI aura bhagavatI ke pandrahaveM zataka meM maMkhalIgozAla kI kaTa AlocanA kI gii| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM jaina paramparA meM anya paramparAoM ke prati udAratA kA bhAva kaise kama hotA gayA aura sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kaise dRDhamUla hote gaye isakA yathArtha citraNa upalabdha hotA hai|

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AcArAMga- prathama zrutaskandha, AcAracUlA, dazavaikAlika, nizItha Adi chedasUtra tathA unake bhASya aura cUrNiyoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainAcAra meM kAlakrama meM kyA-kyA parivartana huaa| isI prakAra RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI, jJAtA Adi ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki pApityoM kA mahAvIra ke saMgha para kyA prabhAva par3A aura donoM ke bIca kisa prakAra sambandhoM meM parivartana hotA gyaa| isI prakAra ke aneka prazna, jinake kAraNa jaina samAja sAmpradAyika kaThagharoM meM banda hai, ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke niSpakSa adhyayana ke mAdhyama se sulajhAye jA sakate haiN| ardhamAgadhI Agama zaurasenI Agama aura paravartI mahArASTrI vyAkhyAsAhitya ke AdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama zaurasenI Agama aura mahArASTrI vyAkhyAsAhitya ke AdhAra rahe haiM, kyoMki ve jaina dharma evaM darzana ke prAcInatama srota haiM yadyapi zaurasenI Agama aura vyAkhyA sAhitya meM cintana ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha deza-kAla aura sahagAmI paramparAoM ke prabhAva se bahuta kucha aisI bhI sAmagrI hai jo unakI apanI maulika kahI jA sakatI hai| phira bhI unake aneka granthoM ke mUlasrota ke rUpa meM ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAtra mUlAcAra kI hI tIna sau se adhika gAthAe~ uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka niyukti, jIvasamAsa, Atura pratyAkhyAna, candravedhyaka (candAvejjhaya) Adi meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isI prakAra bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAyeM ardhamAgadhI Agama aura vizeSa rUpa se prakIrNakoM (painnA) meM milatI haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA meM bhI jo samAnatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM, unakI vistRta carcA paNDita dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne (pro0 e0ena0 upAdhye vyAkhyAnamAlA meM) kI hai| niyamasAra kI kucha gAthAe~ anuyogadvAra evaM itara AgamoM meM bhI pAI jAtI haiM, jabaki samayasAra Adi kucha aise zaurasenI Agama grantha bhI haiM, jinakI maulika racanA kA zreya unake kartAoM ko hI hai| tiloyapannati kA prAthamika rUpa vizeSarUpa se Avazyaka niyukti tathA kucha prakINakoM ke AdhAra para taiyAra huA, yadyapi bAda meM usameM paryApta rUpa se parivartana aura parivardhana huA hai| isaprakAra zaurasenI AgamoM ke niSpakSa adhyayana se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki unakA mUlaAdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya hI rahA hai, tathApi unameM jo saiddhAntika gaharAIyA~ aura vikAsa parilakSita hote haiM ve unake racanAkAroM kI maulika dena haiN| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA kRrtatva ajJAta ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM prajJApanA, dazavakAlika aura chedasUtroM ke kartRtva chor3akara zeSa ke racanAkAroM ke sambandha meM hameM koI spaSTa jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| yadyapi dazavaikAlika Arya zayambhavasUri kI, chedasUtra Arya bhadrabAhu kI aura prajJApanA zyAmAcArya (AjjakaNha) kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai| mahAnizItha kA usakI dImakoM se

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bhakSita prati ke AdhAra para AcArya haribhadra ne samuddhAra kiyA thA yaha svayaM usI meM ullekhita hai| jabaki anya AgamoM ke kartAoM ke bAre meM hama andhakAra meM hI haiN| sambhavata: usakA mUla kAraNa yaha rahA hogA ki sAmAnya-jana meM isa bAta kA pUrNa vizvAsa banA rahe ki ardhamAgadhI Agama gaNadhara athavA pUrvadharoM kI kRti hai| isaliye kartAoM ne apane nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| yaha vaisI hI sthiti hai jaisI hindU purANoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM kevala veda vyAsa ko jAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi ve aneka AcAryoM kI aura paryApta paravartIkAla kI racanAe~ haiN| isake viparIta zaurasenI AgamoM kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki unameM prAya: sabhI granthoM kA kartRtva sunizcita hai| yadyapi unameM bhI kucha parivartana aura prakSepa paravartI AcAryoM ne kiye haiN| phira bhI isa sambandha meM unakI sthiti ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI apekSA kAphI spaSTa hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM to yahA~ taka bhI huA hai ki kucha vilupta kRtiyoM ke sthAna para paryApta paravartI kAla meM dUsarI kRti hI rakha dI gaI isa sambandha meM praznavyAkaraNa kI sampUrNa viSayavastu ke pAravatana kA pUrva meM hI carcA kI jA cukI hai| abhI abhI aMgacUliyA aura baMgacUliyA nAmaka do vilupta Agama grantha prApta huye, jo bhogIlAla laheracanda bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira meM upalabdha haiM, kintu jaba unakA adhyayana kiyA gayA to patA calA ki ve loMkAzAha ke pazcAt arthAt solahavIM yA satrahavIM zatAbdI meM kisI ajJAta AcArya ne banAkara rakha diye haiN| yadyapi isase yaha niSkarSa bhI nahIM nikAla lenA cAhie ki yaha sthiti sabhI ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI hai| kyoMki ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unake prakSepoM aura parivartanoM ko AsAnI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai, jabaki zaurasenI AgamoM meM hue prakSepoM ko jAnanA jaTila hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna yadyapi Aja ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda, cUlikAsUtra aura prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai, kintu yaha vargIkaraNa paryApta paravartI hai| prAcInatama ullekha to aMga aura aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM hI milate haiM, inameM bhI 12 aMgoM kA to spaSTa ullekha hai, kintu aMga bAhya kI saMkhyA kA spaSTa nirdeza kahI nahIM hai| puna: nandI aura tattvArthabhASya meM aMgabAhya kA Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta tathA kAlika evaM utkAlika ke rUpa meM to vargIkaraNa milatA hai, kintu upAMga, mUla, cheda Adi ke rUpa meM nahIM milatA hai| aMgabAhya AgamoM kI vistRta sUcI bhI nandI aura tattvArthabhASya meM milatI hai, usase yaha bhI jJAta ho jAtA hai ki na kevala dRSTivAda aura pUrva sAhitya ke granthoM kA lopa huA hai, kintu aneka ardhamAgadhI aMga bAhya granthoM kA bhI lopa ho cukA hai| yadyapi isa lopa kA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki unakI viSayavastu pUrNata: naSTa ho gaI, apitu itanA hI hai ki usakI viSayavastu anyatra kisI grantha meM surakSita ho jAne se usa grantha kA rUpa samApta ho gyaa|

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AgamoM kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM jisa atizayatA kI carcA paravartI AcAryoM ne kI hai, vaha atiraMjanA pUrNa hai| unakI viSayavastu ke AkAra ke sambandha meM AgamoM aura paravartI granthoM meM jo sUcanAe~ haiM ve unakI vizvasanIyatA para prazna cihna upasthita karatI haiN| hamArI zraddhA aura vizvAsa cAhe kucha bhI ho kintu tarka, buddhi aura gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki Agama sAhitya kI viSayavastu meM kramaza: vikAsa hI hotA rahA hai| yaha kahanA ki AcArAMga ke Age pratyeka aMga grantha kI zloka saMkhyA eka dUsare se kramaza: dviguNita thI athavA 14 veM pUrva kI viSayavastu itanI thI ki use caudaha hAthiyoM ke barAbara syAhI se likhA jA sakatA thA vizvAsa kI vastu ho sakatI hai, buddhigamya nhiiN| anta meM vidvAnoM se merI yaha apekSA hai ki ve AgamoM aura vizeSa rUpa se ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA adhyayana zvetAmbara, digambara, mUrtipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI yA terApaMthI dRSTi se na kareM apitu ina sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM se Upara uThakara kareM, tabhI hama unake mAdhyama se jainadharma ke prAcIna svarUpa kA yathArthadarzana kara sakeMge aura prAmANika rUpa se yaha bhI samajha sakeMge ki kAlakrama meM unameM kaise aura kyA parivartana hue haiN| Aja AvazyakatA hai paM0 becaradAsa jI jaisI niSpakSa evaM taTastha buddhi se unake adhyayana kii| anyathA digambaroM ko usameM vastrasambandhI ullekha prakSepa lageMge to zvetAmbara sAre vastra-pAtra ke ullekha mahAvIrakAlIna mAnane lagegA aura donoM hI yaha nahIM samajha sakeMge ki vastra-pAtra kA kramika vikAsa kina paristhitiyoM meM aura kaise huA hai| yahI sthiti anya prakAra ke sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se yukta adhyayana kI bhI hogii| punaH zaurasenI aura ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI unameM nihita satya ko yathArtha rUpa se Alokita kara skegaa| AzA hai yuvA vidvAn merI isa prArthanA para dhyAna deNge| sandarbha : 1. pro0sAgaramala jaina, 'ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya : eka vimarza', pro0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha, vArANasI 1998 I0, dvitIya khaNDa, pRSTha 7. 2. dekheM- AcArAGga, prathama zrutaskandha, adhyayana 9, upadhAna zruta. 3. dekheM- RSibhASita : eka adhyayana (DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina) pR0 4-9. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 2- pR0 187. dekheM- (a) zramaNa, varSa 41, aMka 10, 12 aktambara-disambara 98 DaoN0 ke0 Ara candrA-kSetrajJa zabda ke vividha prAkRta rUpoM kI kathA aura usakA ardhamAgadhI rUpAntara, pR0 49-56. (ba) ke0Ara0 candrA, "AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM svIkRta kucha pAtroM kI

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samIkSA', paM0 becaradAsa dozI smRti grantha, vArANasI 1990 I0, hindI khaNDa, pRSTha 1-7. pro0 sAgaramala jaina evaM pro0 ema0e0 DhAMkI, "rAmaputta yA rAmagupta: sUtrakRtAGga ke saMdarbha meM', paM0 becaradAsa dozI smRtigrantha, pR0 8-11. 7. (i) sthAnAMga 10, (ii) samavAyAMga, (iii) nandI, (iv) nandIcUrNi, (v) tattvArthabhASya 1, (vi) sarvArthasiddhi, (vii) dhavalA, (viii) jydhvlaa| 8. pro0 sAgaramala jaina, 'antakRddazA kI viSayavastu', paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha, vArANasI 1991 I0; hindI khaNDa, pRSTha 12-18.

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jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA : ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI? vartamAna meM 'prAkRta vidya' nAmaka zodha-patrikA ke mAdhyama se jaina vidyA ke vidvAnoM kA eka varga AgrahapUrvaka yaha pratipAdana kara rahA hai ki "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta thI, jise kAlAntara meM parivartita karake ardhamAgadhI banA dI gii'| isa varga kA yaha bhI dAvA hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta hI prAcInatama prAkRta hai aura anya sabhI prAkRteM yathA- mAgadhI, paizAcI, mahArASTrI Adi isI se vikasita huI haiM, ata: ye sabhI zaurasenI prAkRta se parivartI bhI haiN| isI krama meM digambara-paramparA meM AgamoM ke rUpa meM mAnya AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM nihita ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI zabda rUpoM ko parivartita kara unheM zaurasenI meM rUpAntarita karane kA eka suniyojita prayatna bhI kiyA jA rahA hai| isa samasta pracAra-prasAra ke pIche mUlabhUta uddezya yaha hai ki zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ko digambara-paramparA meM mAnya Agama tulya granthoM se arvAcIna aura apane zaurasenI meM nibaddha Agamatulya granthoM ko prAcIna siddha kiyA jaaye| isa pArasparika vivAda kA eka pariNAma yaha bhI ho rahA hai ki zvetAmbara-digambara paramparA ke bIca kaTutA kI khAI gaharI hotI jA rahI hai aura ina saba meM eka niSpakSa bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana ko pIche chor3a diyA jA rahA hai| prastuta nibandha meM maiM ina sabhI praznoM para zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA meM Agama rUpa meM mAnya granthoM ke Aloka meM carcA karane kA prayatna kruuNgaa| kyA Agama sAhitya mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha thA? yahA~ sarvaprathama maiM isa prazna kI carcA karanA cAhU~gA ki kyA jaina Agama sAhitya mUlata: zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha thA aura use bAda meM parivartita karake ardhamAgadhI rUpa diyA gayA? jaina vidyA ke kucha vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jaina Agama sAhitya mUlata: zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha haA thA aura use bAda meM ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita kiyA gyaa| apane isa kathana ke pakSa meM ve zvetAmbara-digambara kinhIM bhI AgamoM kA pramANa na dekara pro0 TA~TiyA ke vyAkhyAna ke kucha aMza uddhRta karate haiN| DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne 'prAkRtavidyA' janavarI-mArca, 1996 ke sampAdakIya meM unake kathana ko nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai

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hAla hI meM zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI saMskRta vidyApITha meM sampanna dvitIya AcArya kundakundasmRti vyAkhyAnamAlA meM vizvavizruta bhASAzAstrI evaM dArzanika vicAraka pro0 nathamalajI TA~TiyA ne spaSTa rUpa se ghoSita kiyA ki "zramaNa-sAhitya kA prAcIna-rUpa, cAhe ve bauddhoM ke tripiTaka Adi hoM, zvetAmbaroM ke 'AcArAGgasUtra', 'dazavaikAlikasUtra' Adi hoM athavA digambaroM ke 'SaTakhaNDAgamasUtra', 'samayasAra' Adi hoM, sabhI zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI nibaddha the| unhoMne Age sapramANa spaSTa kiyA ki bauddhoM ne bAda meM zrIlaMkA meM eka bRhatsaMgIti meM yojanApUrvaka zaurasenI meM nibaddha bauddha-sAhitya kA mAgadhIkaraNa kiyA aura prAcIna zaurasenI meM nibaddha bauddha-sAhitya ke granthoM ko agnisAta kara diyaa| isI prakAra zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya kA bhI prAcIna rUpa zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI thA, jisakA rUpa kramaza: ardhamAgadhI meM badala gyaa| yadi hama vartamAna ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko hI mUla zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya mAnane para jora deMge, to isa ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA Aja se pandraha sau varSa ke pahale astitva hI nahIM hone se ina sthiti meM hameM apane Agama sAhitya ko bhI 500 I0 se paravartI mAnanA pdd'egaa|" ___ "unhoMne spaSTa kiyA ki Aja bhI 'AcArAGgasUtra' Adi kI prAcIna pratiyoM meM zaurasenI ke zabdoM kI pracuratA milatI hai, jabaki naye prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM una zabdoM kA ardhamAgadhIkaraNa ho gayA hai| unhoMne kahA ki pakSavyAmoha ke kAraNa aise parivartanoM se hama apane sAhitya kA prAcIna mUla rUpa kho rahe haiN| unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA ki digambara jaina sAhitya meM hI zaurasenI bhASA ke prAcInarUpa surakSita evaM upalabdha haiN|" nissandeha pro0 TA~TiyA jaina aura bauddha-vidyAoM ke variSThatama vidvAnoM meM eka rahe haiM aura unake kathana kA koI artha aura AdhAra bhI hogA; kintu ye kathana unake apane haiM yA unheM apane pakSa kI puSTi hetu tor3a-maror3a kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai, yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hai? kyoMki eka ora tulasIprajJA ke sampAdaka kA kahanA hai ki TA~TiyAjI ne isakA khaNDana kiyA hai| ve tulasIprajJA (apraila-jUna, 1993, khaNDa 19, aMka 1) meM likhate haiM ki "DaoN0 nathamala TA~TiyA ne dillI kI eka patrikA meM chape aura unake nAma se pracArita isa kathana kA khaNDana kiyA hai ki mahAvIravANI zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha huii| unhoMne spaSTa mata prakaTa kiyA ki AcArAGga, uttarAdhyayana, sUtrakRtAna aura dazavakAlika meM ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA utkRSTa rUpa hai|" dUsarI ora prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka DaoN0 sudIpajI kA kathana hai ki unake vyAkhyAna kI Tepa hamAre pAsa upalabdha hai aura hamane unake vicAroM kI avikala rUpa se yathAvat prastutI kI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM DaoN0 sudIpajI kA to yaha bhI kathana hai ki tulasIprajJA ke khaNDana ke bAda bhI ve TA~TiyAjI se mile haiM aura TaoNTiyAjI ne unheM kahA hai ki ve apane kathana para Aja bhI dRr3ha haiN| TA~TiyAjI ke isa kathana ko

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12 unhoMne prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara 1996 ke aMka meM nimna zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA hai " maiM saMskRta vidyApITha kI vyAkhyAnamAlA meM prastuta tathyoM para pUrNatayA dRr3ha hU~ tathA yaha merI tathyAdhArita spaSTa avadhAraNA hai jisase vicalita hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai|" (pR0 9) yaha samasta vivAda do patrikAoM ke mAdhyama se donoM sampAdakoM ke madhya hai; kintu isa vivAda meM satyatA kyA hai aura DaoN0 TaoNTiyA kA mUla mantavya kyA hai, isakA nirNaya to tabhI sambhava thA jaba DaoN0 TaoNTiyA svayaM isa sambandha meM likhita vaktavya dete; kintu ve isa sambandha meM mauna rhe| maiMne svayaM unheM patra likhA thA; kintu unakA koI pratyuttara nahIM aayaa| maiM DaoN0 TaoNTiyA kI ulajhana samajhatA hU~ -- eka ora kundakunda bhAratI ne unheM kundakunda vyAkhyAna hetu Amantrita kiyA thA, to dUsarI ora ve 'jaina vizvabhAratI' kI sevA meM the, jaba jisa maMca se bole hoMge bhAvAveza meM unake anukUla kucha kaha diye hoMge aura aba spaSTa khaNDana bhI kaise kareM ? phira bhI merI antarAtmA yaha svIkAra nahIM karatI hai ki DaoN0 TaoNTiyA jaise gambhIra vidvAn binA pramANa ke aise vaktavya de deN| kahIM na kahIM zabdoM kI koI jor3a-tor3a avazya ho rahI hai| DaoN0 sudIpajI prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitambara, 1996 meM DaoN0 TA~TiyAjI ke ukta vyAkhyAnoM ke vicAra binduoM ko avikala rUpa se prastuta karate hue likhate haiM ki "haribhadra kA sArA yogazataka dhavalA se (ke AdhAra para banA ) hai / " isakA tAtparya hai ki haribhadra ne 'yogazataka' ko dhavalA ke AdhAra para banAyA hai| kyA TA~TiyAjI jaise vidvAn ko itanA bhI itihAsa-bodha nahIM rahA hogA ki 'yogazataka' ke kartA haribhadrasUri aura 'dhavalA' ke kartA meM kauna pahale huA hai ? yaha aitihAsika satya hai ki haribhadrasUri kA 'yogazataka' (AThavIM zatI) 'dhavalA' (10vIM zatI) se pUrvavartI hai| mujhe vizvAsa bhI nahIM hotA hai ki TaoNTiyAjI jaise vidvAn isa aitihAsika satya ko anadekhA kara deN| kahIM na kahIM unake nAma para koI bhrama khar3A kiyA gayA hai| * vastutaH yadi koI bhI carcA pramANoM ke AdhAra para nahIM hotI hai to use mAnya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, phira cAhe use kitane hI bar3e vidvAn ne kyoM na kahA ho ? yadi vyakti kA hI mahattva mAnya hai, to abhI saMyoga se TaoNTiyAjI se bhI variSTha, antarrASTrIya khyAti ke jaina-bauddha vidyAoM ke mahAmanISI aura svayaM TA~TiyAjI ke guru padmavibhUSaNa paM0 dalasukhabhAI hamAre bIca haiM, phira to unake kathana ko adhika prAmANika *. *. jJAtavya hai ki vigata 20 pharavarI 1999 I0 AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI kA svargavAsa ho gayA hai| ataH unake nAma para prasArita bhramoM se bacanA Avazyaka hai| paM0 mAlavaNiyA jI bhI aba nahIM rhe|

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mAnakara 'prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| khaira yaha saba prAstAvika bAteM thIM, jisase yaha samajhA jA sake ki samasyA kyA hai, kaise utpanna huI aura prastuta saMgoSThI kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? hameM to vyaktiyoM ke kathanoM yA vaktavyoM para na jAkara tathyoM ke prakAza meM isakI samIkSA karanI hai ki jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA kyA thI aura ardhamAgadhI tathA zaurasenI meM kauna prAcIna hai? AgamoM kI mUla bhASA-ardhamAgadhI (ka) yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki mahAvIra kA janmakSetra aura kAryakSetra donoM hI mukhya rUpa se magadha aura usakA samIpavartI kSetra hI rahA hai, ata: yaha svAbhAvika hai ki unhoMne jisa bhASA meM bolA hogA vaha samIpavartI kSetrIya boliyoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI arthAt ardhamAgadhI rahI hogii| vyakti kI bhASA kabhI bhI apanI mAtRbhASA se aprabhAvita nahIM hotI hai| puna: zvetAmbara-paramparA meM mAnya jo bhI 'Agama sAhitya' Aja upalabdha hai, unameM aneka aise sandarbha haiM, jinameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ne apane upadeza ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM diye the| isa sambandha meM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya se kucha pramANa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM yathA-- 1. bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhmmmaaikkhi| -samavAyAMga, samavAya 34, sUtra 22. tae NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kuNiassa bhaMbhasAraputtassa addhamAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsitA arihA dhamma prikhei| -aupapAtikasUtra 3. goyamA! devA NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe bhAsaMti sa vi ya NaM addhamAgahA bhAsA bhAsijjamANI visjjti| -bhagavaI, lADanUM, zataka 5, uddezaka 4, sUtra 93. 4. tae NaM samaye bhagavaM mahAvIre usabhadattamAhaNassa devANaMdAmAhaNIe tIse ya mahati mahaliyAe isiparisAe muNiparisAe jaiparisAe... savva bhASANugAmiNiya sarassaIe joyaNaNIhAriNAsareNaM addhamAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsae dhamma prikhei| -bhagavaI, lADanUM,zataka 9, uddezaka 33, sUtra 149. 5. tae NaM samaye bhagavaM mahAvIre jAmAlissa khattiyakumArassa ... addhamAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsai dhamma prikhei| -bhagavaI, lADanUM, zataka 9, uddezaka 33, sUtra 163. savvasattasamadarisIhiM addhamAgahAe bhAsAe suttaM uvditttth| -AcArAGgacUrNi, jinadAsagaNi, pR0 255. mAtra itanA hI nahIM, digambara-paramparA meM mAnya AcArya kundakunda ke grantha 2. 6.

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14 'bodhapAhuDa', jo svayaM zaurasenI meM nibaddha hai, usakI TIkA meM digambara AcArya zrutasAgarajI likhate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM apanA upadeza diyA thaa| pramANa ke liye usa TIkA ke hindI anuvAda kA yaha aMza prastuta hai| 'ardha magadhadeza bhASAtmaka aura ardha sarvabhASAtmaka bhagavAn kI dhvani khiratI hai| zaMkA- ardhamAgadhI bhASA devakRta atizaya kaise ho sakatI hai, kyoMki bhagavAn kI bhASA hI ardhamAgadhI hai? uttara- magadha deva ke sAnidhya meM hone se|' AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'nandIzvara bhakti' ke artha meM likhA hai- "eka yojana taka bhagavAn kI vANI svayaMmeva sunAyI detI hai| usake Age saMkhyAta yojanoM taka usa divya dhvani kA vistAra magadha jAti ke deva karate haiN| ata: ardhamAgadhI bhASA devakRta hai|" (SaTprAbhRtam', caturtha bodhapAhuDa-TIkA, gAthA 32, pR0 119) mAtra yahI nahIM, vartamAna meM bhI digambara-paramparA ke mahAn santa evaM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke pramukha ziSya munizrI pramANasAgarajI apanI pustaka jainadharma-darzana, (prathama saMskaraNa) pR040 para likhate haiM ki 'una bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza sarvagrAhya ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM huaa|' jaba zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ yaha mAnakara cala rahI haiM ki bhagavAn kA upadeza ardhamAgadhI meM huA thA aura isI bhASA meM unake upadezoM ke AdhAra para AgamoM kA praNayana haA to phira zaurasenI ke nAma se nayA vivAda khar3A karake isa khAI ko caur3A kyoM kiyA jA rahA hai? (kha) uparokta Agamika pramANoM kI carcA ke alAvA vyAvahArika evaM aitihAsika tathya bhI isI kI puSTi karate haiM1. yadi bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane upadeza ardhamAgadhI meM diye to yaha svAbhAvika hai ki gaNadharoM ne usI bhASA meM AgamoM kA praNayana kiyA hogaa| ata: AgamoM kI mUlabhASA kSetrIya boliyoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI arthAt ardhamAgadhI rahI hai, yaha mAnanA hogaa| isa grantha kA mUla saMskRta isa prakAra haisarvArdhamAgadhIyA bhASA bhavati, ko'rthaH ardhaM bhagavadbhASAyA magadhadezabhASAtmakaM, ardhaM ca sarvabhASAtmakaM, kathamevaM devopanItatvaM tadatizayasyeti cet? magadhadeza sannidhAne tathApariNatayA bhASayA saMskRta bhASayA prvrtte| sarvajanetA viSayA maitrI bhavati sarve hi janasamUhA mAgadhaprItiMkaradevAtizayavazAnmAgadhabhASayA bhASante'nyonyaM mitratayA ca vartante iti dvaatishyau| -SaTprAbhRtAdi-saMgraha: zrI mA0di0 jaina granthamAlA samiti, vi0saM0 1977, pR0 99, gAthA, 32.

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2. isake viparIta 'zaurasenI Agama tulya' mAnya granthoM meM kisI eka bhI grantha meM eka bhI sandarbha aisA nahIM haiM, jisase yaha pratidhvanita bhI hotA ho ki AgamoM kI mUla bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta thii| unameM mAtra yaha ullekha hai ki tIrthaGkaroM kI jo vANI khiratI hai, vaha sarvabhASArUpa pariNata hotI hai| isakA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hai ki unakI vANI janasAdhAraNa ko AsAnI se samajha meM AtI thii| yaha lokavANI thii| usameM magadha ke nikaTavartI kSetroM kI kSetrIya boliyoM ke zabda rUpa bhI hote the aura yahI kAraNa thA ki use mAgadhI na kahakara ardhamAgadhI kahA gayA hai| 3. jo grantha jisa kSetra meM racita yA sampAdita hotA hai, usakA vahA~ kI bolI se prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika hai| prAcIna stara ke 'jaina Agama' yathA- 'AcArAGga', 'sUtrakRtAGga', 'RSibhASita', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'dazavaikAlika' Adi magadha aura usake samIpavartI kSetra meM racita haiM aura unameM isI kSetra ke nagaroM Adi kI sUcanAe~ haiN| mUla AgamoM meM eka bhI aisI sUcanA nahIM hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bihAra, baMgAla aura pUrvI uttara pradeza se Age vihAra kiyA ho| ata: unakI bhASA ardhamAgadhI hI rahI hogii| puna: AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA pATaliputra meM aura dUsarI vAcanA khaNDagiri (ur3IsA) meM huI, ye donoM kSetra mathurA se paryApta dUrI para sthita haiM, ata: kama se kama prathama aura dvitIya vAcanA ke samaya taka arthAt I0pU0 dUsarI yA prathama zatI taka unake zaurasenI meM rUpAntarita hone kA yA usase prabhAvita hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| yaha satya hai ki usake pazcAt jaba jainadharma evaM vidyA kA kendra pATaliputra se haTakara lagabhaga I0pU0 dUsarI zatI yA I0pU0 prathama zatI meM mathurA banA to usa para zaurasenI kA prabhAva AnA prArambha haA ho| yadyapi mathurA se prApta dUsarI zatI taka ke abhilekhoM kA zaurasenI ke prabhAva se mukta honA yahI siddha karatA hai ki jainAgamoM para zaurasenI kA prabhAva dUsarI zatI ke pazcAt hI prArambha huA hogaa| sambhavata: phalgumitra (dUsarI zatI) ke samaya yA usake bhI pazcAt skandila (caturtha zatI) kI 'mAthurI vAcanA' ke samaya una para zaurasenI kA prabhAva AyA thA, yahI kAraNa hai ki 'yApanIya-paramparA' meM mAnya 'AcArAGga', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'dazavaikAlika', 'nizItha', 'kalpa' Adi jo Agama rahe haiM, ve zaurasenI se prabhAvita rahe haiN| yadi DaoN0 TA~TiyA ne yaha kahA hai ki 'AcArAGga' Adi zvetAmbara AgamoM kA zaurasenI se prabhAvita saMskaraNa bhI thA, jo mathurA kSetra meM vikasita 'yApanIya-paramparA' ko mAnya thA, to unakA kathana satya hai kyoMki 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI TIkA meM 'AcArAGga', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'nizItha' Adi ke jo sandarbha diye gaye haiM ve sabhI zaurasenI se prabhAvita haiM; kintu isakA yaha artha kadApi

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16 nahIM ki AgamoM kI racanA zaurasenI meM huI thI aura ve bAda meM ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita kiye gye| jJAtavya hai ki 'mAthurI vAcanA' skandila ke samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga ATha sau varSa pazcAt huI thI aura usameM jina AgamoM kI vAcanA huI, ve sabhI usake pUrva astitva meM the hii| yApanIyoM ne AgamoM ke isI zaurasenI - prabhAvita saMskaraNa ko mAnya kiyA thA; kintu digambaroM ke liye to ve Agama bhI mAnya nahIM the, kyoMki unake anusAra to isa 'mAthurI vAcanA' ke lagabhaga do sau varSa pUrva hI 'Agama sAhitya' vilupta ho cukA thaa| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM mAnya 'AcArAGga', 'sUtrakRtAGga', 'RSibhASita', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'dazavaikAlika', 'kalpa', 'vyavahAra', 'nizItha' Adi to I0 pU0 cauthI zatI se dUsarI zatI taka kI racanAe~ haiM, jise pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki mathurA kA jaina vidyA ke kendra ke rUpa meM vikAsa I0pU0 dvitIya yA prathama zatI se hI huA hai aura usake pazcAt hI ina AgamoM para zaurasenI prabhAva AyA hogaa| AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana kaba aura kaise? yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki skandilAcArya kI isa 'mAthurI vAcanA' ke samaya hI samAnAntara rUpa se eka vAcanA valabhI (gujarAta) meM nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM huI thI, ataH isI kAla meM usa para mahArASTrI kA prabhAva bhI AyA, kyoMki usa kSetra kI prAkRta mahArASTrI prAkRta thii| isI mahArASTrI prAkRta se prabhAvita 'Agama' Aja taka zvetAmbara - paramparA meM mAnya haiN| ataH isa tathya ko bhI spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA cAhie ki AgamoM ke mahArASTrI - prabhAvita aura zaurasenI - prabhAvita saMskaraNa, jo lagabhaga IsA kI caturtha - paJcama zatI meM astitva meM Aye, unakA mUla AdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama hI rhe| yahA~ bhI jJAtavya hai ki na to skandilAcArya kI 'mAthurI vAcanA' meM aura na nAgArjuna kI 'valabhI vAcanA' meM AgamoM kI bhASA meM soca-samajhapUrvaka koI parivartana kiyA gayA thaa| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki usa yuga taka 'Agama' kaNThastha cale A rahe the aura koI bhI kaNThastha grantha svAbhAvika rUpa se kaNThastha karanevAle vyakti kI kSetrIya bolI se arthAt uccAraNa zailI se aprabhAvita nahIM raha sakatA hai, yahI kAraNa thA ki jo uttara bhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha mathurA meM ekatrita huA usake 'Agama pATha' usa kSetra kI bolIzaurasenI se prabhAvita hue aura jo pazcimI bhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha valabhI meM ekatrita huA, usake 'Agama pATha' isa kSetra kI bolI mahArASTrI prAkRta se prabhAvita hue / punaH yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki ina donoM vAcanAoM meM sampAdita AgamoM kA mUla AdhAra to 'ardhamAgadhI Agama' hI the, yahI kAraNa hai ki 'zaurasenI Agama' na to zuddha zaurasenI meM haiM aura na valabhI vAcanA ke Agama zuddha mahArASTrI meM, una donoM meM ardhamAgadhI ke zabda-rUpa to upalabdha ho hI rahe haiN| zaurasenI AgamoM meM to ardhamAgadhI ke sAtha-sAtha mahArASTrI prAkRta ke zabda-rUpa bhI bahulatA se milate haiM, yahI kAraNa hai ki bhASAvid

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17 unakI bhASA ko jaina zaurasenI aura jaina mahArASTrI kahate haiN| durbhAgya to yaha hai ki jina zaurasenI AgamoM kI duhAI dI jA rahI hai, unameM se aneka Agama 50 pratizata se adhika ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta se prabhAvita haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnya AgamoM meM prAkRta ke rUpoM kA jo vaividhya hai, usake kAraNoM kI vistRta carcA maiMne apane lekha 'jaina AgamoM meM huA bhASika svarUpa parivartana : eka vimarza', sAgara jaina vidyAbhAratI (bhAga 1, pR0 239 - 243 ) meM kI haiN| prastuta prasaMga meM usakA nimna aMza draSTavya hai "jaina Agamika evaM Agama rUpa meM mAnya ardhamAgadhI tathA zaurasenI granthoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana kyoM huA ? isa prazna kA uttara aneka rUpoM meM diyA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH ina granthoM meM hue bhASika parivartanoM kA koI eka hI kAraNa nahIM haiM, apitu aneka kAraNa haiM, jina para hama kramaza: vicAra kareMge 3. bhArata meM, vaidika paramparA meM veda vacanoM ko mantra rUpa meM mAnakara unake svara- vyaJjana kI uccAraNa yojanA ko aparivartanIya banAye rakhane para adhika bala diyA gyaa| unake liye zabda aura dhvani hI mahattvapUrNa rahI aura artha gauNa rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bhI aneka vedapAThI brAhmaNa aise haiM, jo vedamantroM kI uccAraNa zailI, laya Adi ke prati to atyanta satarka rahate haiM; kintu ve unake arthoM ko nahIM jAnate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki veda zabda rUpa meM yathAvat bane rhe| isake viparIta jaina - - paramparA meM yaha mAnA gayA ki tIrthaGkara artha ke upadeSTA hote haiM unake vacanoM ko zabda rUpa to gaNadhara Adi ke dvArA diyA jAtA hai| ataH jainAcAryoM ke liye artha yA kathana kA tAtparya hI pramukha thA, unhoMne kabhI bhI zabdoM para bala nahIM diyaa| zabdoM meM cAhe parivartana ho jAe, lekina arthoM meM parivartana nahIM honA cAhie, yahI jaina AcAryoM kA pramukha lakSya rhaa| zabda rUpoM kI unakI isa upekSA ke phalasvarUpa AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana hote gye| isI krama meM IsA kI caturtha zatI meM ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke zaurasenI- prabhAvita aura mahArASTrI - prabhAvita saMskaraNa astitva meM aaye| Agama sAhitya meM jo bhASika parivartana hue usakA dUsarA kAraNa yaha thA ki jaina bhikSu saMgha meM vibhinna pradezoM ke bhikSugaNa sammilita the| apanI-apanI prAdezika boliyoM se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa unakI uccAraNa zailI meM bhI svAbhAvika bhinnatA rahatI thI, phalataH unake dvArA kaNThastha Agama sAhitya ke bhASika svarUpa meM bhinnatAe~ A gayIM / jaina bhikSu sAmAnyatayA bhramaNazIla hote haiM, bhramaNazIlatA ke kAraNa unakI boliyoM, bhASAoM para bhI anya pradezoM kI boliyoM kA prabhAva par3atA hI thA, phalata: AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM bhI parivartana huA aura unameM tat- tat kSetrIya

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boliyoM kA mizraNa hotA gyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba pUrva kA bhikSu pazcimI pradezoM meM adhika vihAra karatA hai, to usakI bhASA meM pUrva evaM pazcima donoM kI hI boliyoM kA prabhAva A jAtA hai| phalata: unake dvArA kaNThastha Agama ke bhASika svarUpa kI ekarUpatA samApta ho jAtI hai| sAmAnyatayA buddha ke vacana buddha ke nirvANa ke 200-300 varSa ke andara hI andara likhita rUpa meM A gye| ata: unake bhASika svarUpa meM racanA-kAla ke bAda bahuta adhika parivartana nahIM AyA hai, tathApi unakI uccAraNa zailI vibhinna dezoM meM bhinna-bhinna rahI hai| Aja bhI zrIlaMkA, barmA, thAIlaiNDa Adi dezoM ke bhikSuoM kA tripiTaka kA uccAraNa bhinna-bhinna hotA hai, phira bhI unake likhita svarUpa meM bahuta kucha ekarUpatA hai| isake viparIta jaina Agamika evaM Agamatulya sAhitya eka sudIrghakAla taka likhita rUpa meM nahIM A sakA, vaha guru-ziSya-paramparA se maukhika hI calatA rahA, phalata: dezakAlagata uccAraNa bheda se unako lipibaddha karate samaya unake bhASika svarUpa meM bhI parivartana hotA gyaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, likhita pratilipiyoM ke pATha bhI pratilipikAroM kI asAvadhAnI yA kSetrIya boliyoM se prabhAvita hue| zvetAmbara AgamoM kI pratilipiyA~ mukhyata: gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna meM huI, ata: una para mahArASTrI kA prabhAva A gyaa| bhArata meM kAgaja kA pracalana na hone se bhojapatroM yA tAr3apatroM para granthoM ko likhavAnA aura unheM surakSita rakhanA jaina muniyoM kI ahiMsA evaM aparigraha kI bhAvanA ke pratikUla thaa| lagabhaga I0 san kI 5vIM zatI taka isa kArya ko pApa-pravRtti mAnA jAtA thA tathA isake liye daNDa kI vyavasthA bhI thii| phalata: mahAvIra ke pazcAt lagabhaga 1000 varSa taka jaina sAhitya zruta-paramparA para hI AdhArita rhaa| zruta-paramparA para AdhArita hone se AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM vaividhya A gyaa| Agamika evaM Agama-tulya sAhitya meM Aja bhASika rUpoM kA jo vaividhya dekhA jAtA hai, usakA eka kAraNa lahiyoM (pratilipikAroM) kI asAvadhAnI bhI rahI hai| pratilipikAra jisa kSetra kA hotA thA, usa para bhI usa kSetra kI bolI/bhASA kA prabhAva rahatA thA aura asAvadhAnI se apanI prAdezika bolI ke zabda-rUpoM ko likha detA thaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM cAhe mUlapATha meM "gacchati' likhA ho lekina yadi usa kSetra meM pracalana meM "gacchai" kA vyavahAra hai, to pratilipikAra "gacchai" rUpa hI likha degaa| jaina Agama evaM Agama-tulya granthoM meM Aye bhASika parivartanoM kA eka kAraNa 7.

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19 yaha bhI hai ki ve vibhinna kAloM evaM pradezoM meM sampAdita hote rahe haiN| sampAdakoM ne unake prAcIna svarUpa ko sthira rakhane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA, apitu unheM sampAdita karate samaya apane yuga evaM kSetra kI pracalita bhASA aura vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para unameM parivartana bhI kara diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ardhamAgadhI meM likhita Agama bhI jaba mathurA meM saMkalita evaM sampAdita hue, to unakA bhASika svarUpa ardhamAgadhI kI apekSA zaurasenI ke nikaTa ho gayA, aura jaba valabhI meM likhe gaye to vaha mahArASTrI ke prabhAvita ho gyaa| yaha alaga bAta hai ki aisA parivartana sampUrNa rUpa meM na ho sakA aura usameM ardhamAgadhI ke tattva bhI bane rhe| ataH ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI AgamoM meM bhASika svarUpa kA jo vaividhya hai, vaha eka yathArthatA hai, jise hameM svIkAra karanA hogA / " kyA zaurasenI AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM ekarUpatA hai? DaoN0 sudIpa jaina kA dAvA hai ki " Aja bhI zaurasenI Agama sAhitya meM bhASika tattva kI ekarUpatA hai, jabaki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM bhASA ke vividha rUpa pAye jAte haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa zaurasenI meM sarvatra "Na" kA prayoga milatA hai, kahIM bhI "na" kA prayoga nahIM hai jabaki ardhamAgadhI meM nakAra ke sAtha-sAtha NakAra kA prayoga bhI vikalpataH milatA hai| yadi zaurasenI yuga meM nakAra kA prayoga Agama bhASA meM pracalita hotA, to digambara- sAhitya meM kahIM to vikalpa se nakAra prApta hotaa|" prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitambara, 1996, pR0 7. yahA~ DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne do bAteM uThAyI haiM, prathama zaurasenI Agama- sAhitya kI bhASika ekarUpatA kI aura dUsarI 'Na'kAra aura 'na'kAra kii| kyA sudIpajI, Apane zaurasenI Agama sAhitya ke upalabdha saMskaraNoM kA bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se koI prAmANika adhyayana kiyA hai? yadi Apane kiyA hotA to Apa aisA khokhalA dAvA prastuta nahIM karate? Apa kevala NakAra kA hI udAharaNa kyoM dete haiM, vaha to mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI donoM meM sAmAnya haiN| dUsare zabda - rUpoM kI carcA kyoM nahIM karate haiM? nIce maiM digambara zaurasenI Agamatulya granthoM se hI kucha udAharaNa de rahA hU~, jinase unake bhASikatattva kI ekarUpatA kA dAvA kitanA khokhalA hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki zaurasenI Agamatulya grantha na kevala ardhamAgadhI se prabhAvita hai, apitu usase paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta se bhI prabhAvita haiM 1. - AtmA ke liye ardhamAgadhI meM AtA, attA, appA Adi zabda rUpoM ke prayoga upalabdha haiM, jabaki zaurasenI meM ghoSIkaraNa ke kAraNa "AtA" kA " AdA" rUpa banAtA hai| 'samayasAra' meM "AdA" ke sAtha-sAtha "appA" zabda-rUpa, jo ki ardhamAgadhI kA hai, aneka bAra prayoga meM AyA hai, kevala 'samayasAra' meM hI

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nahIM apitu 'niyamasAra' (120, 121, 183) Adi meMbhI "appA" zabda kA prayoga hai| zruta kA zaurasenI rUpa "suda" banatA hai| zaurasenI Agamatulya granthoM meM aneka sthAnoM para "sudakevalI' zabda ke prayoga bhI hue haiM, jabaki 'samayasAra' (varNI granthamAlA) gAthA 9 evaM 10 meM spaSTa rUpa se "suyakevalI", "suyaNANa" zabdarUpoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai jabaki ye donoM mahArASTrI zabda-rUpa haiM aura paravartI bhI haiN| ardhamAgadhI meM to sadaiva 'suta' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| 3. zaurasenI meM madhyavartI asaMyukta "t" kA "d" hotA hai sAtha hI usameM "lopa" kI pravRtti atyalpa hai, ata: usake kriyA rUpa "havadi, hodi, kuNadi, giNhadi kuNvadi, pariNamadi, bhaNNadi, passadi Adi banate haiM, ina kriyA-rUpoM kA prayoga una granthoM meM huA bhI hai; kintu unhIM granthoM ke kriyA-rUpoM para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA kitanA vyApaka prabhAva hai, ise nimna udAharaNoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai-- 'samayasAra' varNI granthamAlA (vArANasI) jANai (10), havaI (11, 315, 384, 386), muNai (32), vuccai (45), kuvvai (81, 286, 319, 321, 325, 340), pariNamai (76, 79, 80), (jJAtavya hai ki 'samayasAra' ke isI saMskaraNa kI gAthA kramAMka 77, 78, 79 meM pariNamadi rUpa bhI milatA hai) isI prakAra ke anya mahArASTrI prAkRta ke rUpa jaise veyaI (84), kuNaI (71, 96, 289, 293, 322, 326), hoi (94, 197, 306, 349, 358), kareI (94, 237, 238,328, 348), havaI (141, 326, 329), jANaI (185, 316, 319, 320, 361), bahai (189), sevai (197), marai (257, 290), (jabaki gAthA 258 meM maradi hai), pAvai (291, 292), ghippai (296), uppajjai (308), viNassai (312, 345), dIsai (323) Adi bhI milate haiN| ye to kucha hI udAharaNa haiN| aise aneko mahArASTrI prAkRta ke kriyA-rUpa samayasAra meM upalabdha haiN| na kevala 'samayasAra' apitu 'niyamasAra', 'paJcAstikAyasAra', 'pravacanasAra' Adi kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| bArahavIM zatI meM racita vasunandIkRta 'zrAvakAcAra' (bhAratIya jJAnapITha saMskaraNa) kI sthiti to kundakunda ke ina granthoM se bhI badatara hai, usakI prArambha kI sau gAthAoM ke 40 pratizata kriyA rUpa mahArASTrI prAkRta ke haiN| isase phalita yaha hotA hai ki tathAkathita zaurasenI AgamoM ke bhASAgata svarUpa meM to ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI apekSA bhI na kevala vaividhya hai, apitu usa para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA bhI vyApaka prabhAva hai, jise sudIpajI zaurasenI se paravartI mAna rahe haiN| yadi ye grantha prAcIna hote to, ina para ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI kA prabhAva kahA~ se AtA?

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21 pro0 e0ema0 upAdhye ne pravacanasAra kI bhUmikA meM spaSTataH yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki usakI bhASA para ardhamAgadhI kA prabhAva hai| pro0 khar3abar3I ne to 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kI bhASA ko bhI zuddha zaurasenI nahIM mAnA hai| 'na' kAra aura 'Na' kAra meM kauna prAcIna? aba hama NakAra aura nakAra ke prazna para Ate haiN| bhAI sudIpajI, ApakA yaha kathana satya hai ki ardhamAgadhI meM nakAra aura NakAra donoM pAye jAte haiM; kintu digambara zaurasenI Agamatulya granthoM meM sarvatra NakAra kA pAyA jAnA yahI siddha karatA hai ki jisa zaurasenI ko Apa ariSTanemI ke kAla se pracalita prAcInatama prAkRta kahanA cAhate haiM, usa NakAra pradhAna zaurasenI kA janma to IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI taka huA bhI nahIM thaa| 'Na' kI apekSA 'na' kA prayoga prAcIna hai| I0 pU0 tRtIya zatI ke azoka ke abhilekha evaM I0pU0 dvitIya zatI ke khAravela ke zilAlekha se lekara mathurA ke zilAlekha ( I0pU0 dUsarI zatI se IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka )- ina lagabhaga 80 jaina zilAlekhoM meM dantya nakAra ke sthAna para eka bhI NakAra kA prayoga nahIM hai| inameM zaurasenI prAkRta ke rUpoM yathA " Namo", "arihaMtANaM" aura " Namo vaDDhamANaM" kA sarvathA abhAva hai| yahA~ hama kevala unhIM prAcIna zilAlekhoM ko uddhRta kara rahe haiM, jinameM ina zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai- jJAtavya hai ki ye sabhI abhilekhIya sAkSya jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga - 2 se prastuta haiM, jo digambara jaina samAja dvArA hI prakAzita hai - 1. hAthIgumphA ur3IsA kA zilAlekha- prAkRta, jaina samrAT khAravela, mauryakAla 165vAM varSa, pR0 4, lekha- kramAMka 2, 'namo arahaMtAnaM, namo savasidhAnaM" vaikuNTha svargapurI guphA, udayagiri, ur3IsA - prAkRta, mauryakAla 165vAM varSa lagabhaga I0pU0 dUsarI zatI, pR0 11, le0kra0-3, 'arahantapasAdana' mathurA, prAkRta, mahAkSatrapa zoDAzake, 81 varSa kA pR0 12, kramAMka- 5, 'nama aharato vadhamAnasa' 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. mathurA, prAkRta, kAla nirdeza nahIM diyA hai; kintu je0epha0 phlITa ke anusAra lagabhaga 13 - 14 I0 pUrva prathama zatI kA honA caahie| pR0 15, kramAMka - 9, 'namoarahato vadhamAnasya' mathurA, prAkRta, sambhavataH 13-14 I0pU0 prathama zatI pR0-15 lekha kramAMka 10, ' mA arahatapUjA (ye) ' mathurA, prAkRta, pR0-17, kramAMka - 14, 'mA aharatAnaM (arahaMtAnaM ) zramaNazrAvikA (ya) mathurA, prAkRta, pR0 17, kramAMka- 15, 'namo arahaMtAnaM'

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22 8. 9. mathurA, prAkRta, pR0 18, kramAMka- 16, 'namo arahato mahAvirasa' - mathurA, prAkRta, huviSka saMvat 39 - hastistambha pR0 34, kramAMka 43, 'aryyena rudradAsena' arahaMtanaM pujAye / 10. mathurA, prAkRta, bhagna, varSa 93, pR0 46, kramAMka 67, 'namo arhato mahAvirasya' 11. mathurA, prAkRta, vAsudeva saM0-98, pR0 47, kramAMka 60, 'namo arahato mahAvIrasya' 12. mathurA, prAkRta, pR0 48 9 (binA kAla nirdeza) kramAMka 71, 'namo arahaMtAnaM sihakasa' 13. mathurA, prAkRta, bhagna (binA kAla nirdeza) pR0 48, kramAMka- 72, 'namo arahaMtAnA' 14. mathurA, prAkRta, bhagna (binA kAla nirdeza) pR0 48, kramAMka - 73 'namo arahaMtAna' 15. mathurA, prAkRta, bhagna (binA kAla nirdeza ), pR0 49, kramAMka- 75, 'arahaMtAna vadhamAnasya' 16. mathurA, prAkRta, bhagna, pR0 51, kramAMka- 80, 'namo arahaMtANa...' zUrasena pradeza, jahA~ se zaurasenI prAkRta kA janma huA, vahA~ ke zilAlekhoM meM dUsarI, tIsarI zatI taka 'nakAra' ke sthAna para 'NakAra' evaM madhyavartI asaMyukta 'ta' ke sthAna para 'da' ke prayoga kA abhAva yahI siddha karatA hai ki digambara AgamoM evaM nATakoM kI zaurasenI kA janma IsA kI dUsarI zatI ke pUrva kA nahIM hai, jabaki 'nakAra' pradhAna ardhamAgadhI kA calana to azoka ke abhilekhoM se arthAt I0pU0 tIsarI zatI se siddha hotA hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama prAcIna haiM, AgamoM kA zabda-rUpAntaraNa ardhamAgadhI se zaurasenI meM huA hai na ki zaurasenI se ardhamAgadhI meM huA hai| digambara mAnya AgamoM kI vaha zaurasenI jisakI prAcInatA kA bar3ha-car3ha kara dAvA kiyA jAtA hai, vaha ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI donoM se hI prabhAvita hai aura na kevala bhASAyI svarUpa ke AdhAra para parantu apanI viSayavastu ke AdhAra para bhI IsA kI cauthI - pAMcavI zatI ke pUrva kI nahIM hai / yadi zaurasenI prAcInatama prAkRta hai, to phira sampUrNa deza meM IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI tI taka kA eka bhI abhilekha zaurasenI prAkRta meM kyoM nahIM milatA hai ? azoka ke abhilekha, khAravela ke abhilekha, baDalI kA abhilekha aura mathurA ke zatAdhika

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23 abhilekha koI bhI to zaurasenI prAkRta meM nahIM hai| ina sabhI abhilekhoM kI bhASA kSetrIya boliyoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI hI hai| ata: use ardhamAgadhI to kahA jA sakatA hai; kintu zaurasenI kadApi nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ata: prAkRtoM meM ardhamAgadhI hI prAcIna hai, kyoMki mathurA ke prAcIna abhilekhoM meM bhI namo arahaMtAnaM, namo vadhamAnasa Adi ardhamAgadhI zabda-rUpa milate haiN| zvetAmbara AgamoM evaM abhilekhoM meM Aye "arahaMtAnaM" pATha ko to 'prAkRtavidyA' meM khoTe sikke kI taraha batAyA gayA hai, isakA artha hai ki yaha pATha zaurasenI kA nahIM hai (prAkRtavidyA, akTUbara-disambara, 1994, pR0 10-11) ata: zaurasenI usake bAda hI vikasita huI hai| zaurasenI Agama aura unakI prAcInatA __jaba hama Agama kI bAta karate haiM to hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA cAhie ki 'AcArAGga' Adi dvAdazAGgI jinheM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya-paramparA Agama kahakara ullekhita karatI haiM, ve sabhI mUlata: ardhamAgadhI meM nibaddha hue haiN| cAhe zvetAmbara-paramparA meM 'nandIsUtra' meM ullekhita Agama hoM, cAhe 'mUlAcAra', 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' aura unakI TIkAoM meM yA 'tattvArtha' aura usakI digambara TIkAoM meM ullekhita Agama hoM, athavA 'aMgapaNNati' evaM 'dhavalA' ke aMga aura aMga bAhya ke rUpa meM ullekhita Agama hoM, unameM se eka bhI aisA nahIM hai, jo zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha thaa| hA~! itanA avazya hai ki inameM se kucha ke zaurasenI prAkRta se prabhAvita saMskaraNa mAthurI vAcanA ke samaya lagabhaga caturtha zatI meM astitva meM avazya Aye the; kintu inheM zaurasenI Agama kahanA ucita nahIM hogaa| vastuta: ye 'AcArAGga', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'dazavaikAlika', 'RSibhASita' Adi zvetAmbara-paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM ke hI zaurasenI saMskaraNa the, jo yApanIya-paramparA meM mAnya the aura jinake bhASika svarUpa aura kucha pATha-bhedoM ko chor3akara zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se samarUpatA thii| inake svarUpa Adi ke sambandha meM vistRta carcA maiMne "jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya" nAmaka grantha ke tIsare adhyAya ke prArambha meM kI hai| icchuka pAThaka use vahA~ dekha sakate haiN| vastuta: Aja jinheM hama zaurasenI Agama ke nAma se jAnate haiM unameM mukhyata: nimna grantha Ate haiMa. yApanIya Agama 1. kasAyapAhuDa, lagabhaga IsA kI cauthI zatI, gunndhraacaary-rcit| 2. SaTkhaNDAgama, IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI kA uttarArddha, puSpadanta aura bhuutbli| 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, IsA kI chaThI zatI, shivaary-rcit| 4. mUlAcAra, IsA kI chaThI zatI, vttttker-rcit|

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7 9 24 jJAtavya hai ki ye sabhI grantha mUlata: yApanIya-paramparA ke rahe haiM aura inameM anekoM gAthAe~ zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM, vizeSarUpa se niyuktiyoM aura prakIrNakoM ke samarUpa haiN| ba. kundakunda, IsA kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI ke lagabhaga ke grantha samayasAra niyamasAra pravacanasAra paJcAstikAyasAra aSTapAhuDa (isakA kundakunda dvArA racita honA sandigdha hai, kyoMki isakI bhASA __ meM apabhraMza ke zatAdhika prayoga milate haiM aura isakA bhASA svarUpa bhI kundakunda kI bhASA se paravartI hai)| sa. anya grantha (IsA kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatI ke pazcAta)10. tiloyapaNNatti-yativRSabha 11. lokavibhAga 12. jambUdIpapaNNatti 13. aMgapaNNatti 14. kSapaNasAra 15. gommaTasAra (dasavIM zatI) ___ inameM se 'kasAyapAhuDa' ko chor3akara koI bhI grantha aisA nahIM hai, jo pA~cavIM zatI ke pUrva kA ho| ye sabhI grantha guNasthAna siddhAnta evaM saptabhaMgI kI carcA avazya karate haiM aura guNasthAna kI carcA jaina darzana meM pA~cavIM zatI se pUrva ke granthoM meM anupasthita hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM 'samavAyAMga' aura 'Avazyakaniyukti' kI do prakSipta gAthAoM ko chor3akara guNasthAna kI carcA pUrNata: anupasthita hai, jabaki 'SaTkhaNDAgama', 'mUlAcAra', 'bhagavatIArAdhanA' Adi granthoM meM aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM isakI carcA pAyI jAtI hai, ataH ye sabhI grantha unase paravartI haiN| isI prakAra umAsvAti ke 'tattvArthasUtra'-mUla aura usake svopajJa bhASya meM bhI guNasthAna kI carcA anupasthita hai, jabaki isakI paravartI TIkAe~ guNasthAna kI vistRta carcAe~ prastuta karatI haiN| umAsvAti kA kAla tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke lagabhaga hai| ata: yaha nizcita hai ki guNasthAna kA siddhAnta pA~cavIM zatI meM astitva meM AyA hai| ata: zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha koI bhI grantha, jo gaNasthAna kA ullekha kara rahA hai, IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke pUrva kA nahIM ho sktaa| prAcIna zaurasenI Agamatulya granthoM meM mAtra 'kasAyapAhuDa' hI aisA hai, jo spaSTataH

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25 guNasthAnoM kA ullekha nahIM karatA hai, kintu usameM bhI prakArAntara se 12 guNasthAnoM kI carcA upalabdha hai, ata: vaha bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI una dasa avasthAoM, jinakA ullekha 'AcArAGganiryukti' aura 'tattvArthasUtra' meM hai, se paravartI aura guNasthAna siddhAnta ke vikAsa ke saMkramaNakAla kI racanA hai, ataH usakA kAla bhI cauthI se pA~cavIM zatI ke bIca siddha hotA hai| zaurasenI kI prAcInatA kA dAvA, kitanA khokhalA zaurasenI kI prAcInatA kA guNagAna isa AdhAra para bhI kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha nArAyaNa kRSNa aura tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi kI mAtRbhASA rahI hai, kyoMki ina donoM mahApuruSoM kA janma zUrasena meM huA thA aura ye zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI apanA vAk-vyavahAra karate the| DaoN0 sudIpajI ke zabdoM meM "ina donoM mahApuruSoM ke prabhAvaka vyaktitva ke mahAprabhAva se zUrasena janapada meM janmI zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA ko sampUrNa AryAvarta meM prasArita hone kA suavasara milA thA / " ( prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitambara 1996, pR0-6)| yadi hama eka bAra unake isa kathana ko mAna bhI le, to prazna yaha uThatA hai ki ariSTanemi ke pUrva nami mithilA meM janme the, vAsupUjya campA meM janme the, supArzva, candraprabha aura zreyAMsa kAzI janapada meM janme the, yahI nahIM prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva aura maryAdA puruSottama rAma ayodhyA meM janme the| yaha sabhI kSetra to magadha kA hI nikaTavartI kSetra hai, ataH inakI mAtRbhASA to ardhamAgadhI rahI hogI yA aura koI dUsarI bhASA / bhAI sudIpajI ke anusAra yadi zaurasenI, ariSTanemi jitanI prAcIna hai, to phira ardhamAgadhI to RSabha jitanI prAcIna siddha hotI hai, ataH zaurasenI se ardhamAgadhI prAcIna hI sAbita hotI hai| yadi zaurasenI prAcIna hotI to sabhI prAcIna abhilekha aura prAcIna Agamika grantha zaurasenI meM milate; kintu IsA kI cauthI - pA~cavIM zatI se pUrva kA koI bhI jaina grantha aura abhilekha zaurasenI meM upalabdha kyoM nahIM hotA hai ? punaH nATakoM meM bhI bhAsa ke samaya se arthAt IsA kI dUsarI zatI se hI zaurasenI ke prayoga (vAkyAMza) upalabdha hote haiN| jaba nATakoM meM zaurasenI prAkRta kI upalabdhatA ke AdhAra para usakI prAcInatA kA guNagAna kiyA jAtA hai taba maiM vinamratApUrvaka pUchanA cAhU~gA ki kyA ina upalabdha nATakoM meM koI bhI nATaka IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI se pUrva kA hai? yadi nahIM to phira unheM zaurasenI kI prAcInatA kA AdhAra kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? mAtra nATaka hI nahIM, ve zaurasenI prAkRta kA eka bhI aisA grantha yA abhilekha dikhA deM, jo ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura mAgadhI pradhAna azoka, khAravela Adi ke abhilekhoM se prAcIna ho / ardhamAgadhI ke atirikta jisa mahArASTrI prAkRta ko ve zaurasenI se paravartI batA rahe haiM,

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26 usameM hAla kI 'gAthAsaptazatI' I0 san kI lagabhaga prArambhika zatiyoM meM racita hai aura zaurasenI ke kisI bhI grantha se vaha lagabhaga prAcIna hai| punaH maiM DaoN0 sudIpajI ke nimna kathana kI ora pAThakoM kA dhyAna dilAnA cAhU~gA- ve prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitambara 1996 meM likhate haiM ki digambaroM ke grantha usa zaurasenI prAkRta meM haiM, jisase 'mAgadhI' Adi prAkRtoM kA janma huA / isa sambandha meM merA unase nivedana hai ki mAgadhI ke sambandha meM 'prakRtiH zaurasenI' (prAkRta prakAza, 11/2) isa kathana kI ve jo vyAkhyA kara rahe haiM, vaha bhrAntipUrNa hai aura ve svayaM bhI zaurasenI ke sambandha meM 'prakRtiH saMskRtam' ( - prAkRta prakAza 12 / 2 ) isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM 'prakRtiH' kA 'janmadAtrI' aisA artha asvIkAra kara cuke haiN| isakI vistRta samIkSA hamane agrima pRSThoM meM kI hai / isake pratyuttara meM merA dUsarA tarka yaha hai ki yadi zaurasenI ke granthoM ke AdhAra para hI mAgadhI ke prAkRta AgamoM kI racanA huI ho to unameM kisI bhI zaurasenI prAkRta ke grantha kA ullekha kyoM nahIM hai ? zvetAmbara AgamoM meM ve eka bhI sandarbha dikhA deM jinameM 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA', 'mUlAcAra', 'SaTkhaNDAgama', 'tiloyapaNNatti', 'pravacanasAra', 'samayasAra', 'niyamasAra' Adi kA ullekha huA ho / TIkAoM meM bhI malayagiri (terahavIM zatI) ne mAtra 'samayapAhuDa' kA ullekha kiyA hai, isake viparIta 'mUlAcAra', 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' aura 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kI TIkAoM meM evaM 'tattvArthasUtra' kI 'sarvArthasiddhi', 'rAjavArtika', 'zlokavArtika' Adi sabhI digambara TIkAoM meM (zvetAmbara ardhamAgadhI) AgamoM evaM niyuktiyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI TIkA meM to 'AcArAGga', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'kalpasUtra' tathA 'nizIthasUtra' se aneka avataraNa bhI diye gaye haiN| 'mUlAcAra' meM na kevala ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA ullekha hai, apitu unakI saikar3oM gAthAe~ bhI haiN| 'mUlAcAra' meM 'Avazyakaniryukti', 'AturapratyAkhyAna', 'mahApratyAkhyAna', 'candravedhyaka', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'dazavaikAlika' Adi kI aneka gAthAe~ apane zaurasenI zabda-rUpoM meM yathAvat pAyI jAtI haiN| * digambara- paramparA meM jo pratikamaNasUtra upalabdha hai, usameM 'jJAtAsUtra' ke unhIM 19 adhyayanoM ke nAma milate haiM, jo vartamAna meM zvetAmbara - paramparA ke 'jJAtAdharmakathA' meM upalabdha haiN| tArkika dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki jo grantha jina-jina granthoM kA ullekha karatA hai, vaha unase paravartI hI hotA hai, pUrvavartI kadApi nhiiN| zaurasenI Ama *. - isa sambandha meM maiMne jo adhyayana kiyA hai usake AdhAra para yaha bhI pUrNata: sambhAvita hai ki aise zvetAmbara aura digambara racanAoM kI gAthAoM ke mUla meM eka hI prAcIna samAna AdhAra rahA hogA aura donoM paramparAoM meM unakA bhASika svarUpa apane-apane DhaMga se badala gayA hogaa| pro0 DaoN0 e0ena0 upAdhye kA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai| - ke0 Ara0 candra

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27 Agamatulya granthoM meM yadi ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke nAma milate haiM to phira zaurasenI aura usa bhASA meM racita sAhitya ardhamAgadhI AgamoM se prAcIna kaise ho sakatA hai ? AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI ke mAdhyama se yaha bAta bhI uThAyI gayI ki mUlataH Agama zaurasenI meM racita the aura kAlAntara meM unakA ardhamAgadhIkaraNa (mahArASTrIkaraNa) kiyA gyaa| yaha eka aitihAsika satya hai ki mahAvIra ke saMgha kA udbhava magadhadeza meM huA aura vahIM se vaha dakSiNI evaM uttara-pazcimI bhArata meM phailaa| ataH AvazyakatA huI ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI rUpAntaraNa kI, na ki zaurasenI AgamoM ke ardhamAgadhI rUpAntara kI / satya to yaha hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama hI zaurasenI yA mahArASTrI meM rUpAntarita hue, na ki zaurasenI Agama ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita hue, ataH aitihAsika tathyoM kI avahelanA dvArA mAtra tathyahIna tarka karanA kahA~ taka ucita hogA ? buddha vacanoM kI mUla bhASA mAgadhI thI, na ki zaurasenI zaurasenI ko mUla bhASA evaM mAgadhI se prAcIna siddha karane hetu AdaraNIya pro0 nathamala TaoNTiyAjI ke nAma se yaha bhI pracArita kiyA jA rahA hai ki "zaurasenI pAli bhASA kI jananI hai, yaha merA spaSTa cintana hai| pahale bauddhoM ke grantha zaurasenI meM the jinako jalA diyA gayA aura phira pAli meM likhA gayA / " - prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitambara 1996, pR0 10 / TaoNTiyAjI jaisA bauddhavidyA kA prakANDa vidvAn aisI kapola kalpita bAta kaise kaha sakatA hai? yaha vicAraNIya hai| kyA aisA koI bhI abhilekhIya yA sAhityika pramANa upalabdha hai? jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla buddha vacana zaurasenI meM the| yadi aisA ho to AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI yA bhAI sudIpajI use prastuta kareM anyathA aisI AdhArahIna bAteM karanA vidvAnoM ke liye zobhanIya nahIM hai| yaha bAta to bauddha vidvAn svIkAra karate haiM ki mUla buddha vacana 'mAgadhI' meM the aura kAlAntara meM unakI bhASA ko saMskArita karake pAli meM likhA gyaa| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jisa prakAra mAgadhI aura ardhamAgadhI meM kiJcit antara hai, usI prakAra 'mAgadhI' aura 'pAli' meM bhI kiJcita antara hai, vastutaH to pAli bhagavAn buddha kI mUla bhASA 'mAgadhI' kA eka saMskArita rUpa hI hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki kucha vidvAn pAli ko mAgadhI kA hI eka prakAra mAnate haiM, donoM meM bahuta antara nahIM hai| pAli bhASA saMskRta aura mAgadhI kI madhyavartI bhASA hai yA mAgadhI kA hI eka sAhityika rUpa hai| yaha to pramANa siddha hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne mAgadhI meM hI apane upadeza diye the, kyoMki unakI janmasthalI aura kAryasthalI donoM magadha aura usakA nikaTavartI pradeza hI thaa| bauddha vidvAnoM kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki mAgadhI hI buddha vacana kI mUla bhASA hai| isa sambandha

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28 meM buddhaghoSa kA nimna kathana sabase bar3A pramANa hai sA mAgadhI mUlabhASA narAyAya aadikppikaa| brahmaNI ca assutAlApA saMbuddhA cApi bhaasre|| arthAt mAgadhI hI mUla bhASA hai, jo sRSTi ke prArambha meM utpanna huI thI aura na kevala brahmA (devatA) apitu bAlaka aura buddha (saMbuddha mahApuruSa) bhI isI bhASA meM bolate haiM (See- The preface to the Childer's Pali Dictionary) / ___ isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki mUla buddha-vacana mAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM the| pAli usI mAgadhI kA saMskArita sAhityika rUpa hai, jisameM kAlAntara meM buddha-vacana likhe gye| vastuta: pAli ke rUpa meM mAgadhI kA eka aisA saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA gayA, jise saMskRta ke vidvAn aura bhinna-bhinna prAntoM ke loga bhI AsAnI se samajha skeN| ata: buddha-vacana mUlata: mAgadhI meM the, na ki zaurasenI meN| bauddha tripiTaka kI pAli aura jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI meM kitanA sAmya hai, yaha to 'suttanipAta' aura 'isibhAsiyAI' ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prAcIna pAli granthoM kI evaM prAcIna ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI bhASA meM adhika dUrI nahIM hai| jisa samaya ardhamAgadhI aura pAli meM grantha racanA ho rahI thI, usa samaya taka zaurasenI eka bolI thI, na ki eka sAhityika bhaassaa| sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM usakA janma to IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke bAda hI huA hai| saMskRta ke pazcAt sarvaprathama sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM yadi koI bhASA vikasita huI hai to ve ardhamAgadhI evaM pAli hI haiM, na ki shaursenii| zaurasenI kA koI bhI grantha yA nATakoM ke aMza IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI se pUrva kA nahIM hai jabaki pAli tripiTaka aura ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke aneka grantha I0pU0 tIsarI-cauthI zatI meM nirmita ho cuke the| 'prakRtiH zaurasenI' kA samyak artha jo vidvAn mAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI ko zaurasenI se paravartI evaM usI se vikasita mAnate haiM ve apane kathana kA AdhAra vararuci (lagabhaga 7vIM zatI) ke prAkRta-prakAza aura hemacandra (lagabhaga 12vIM zatAbdI) ke prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke nimna sUtroM ko banAte haiMa. 1. prakRtiH zaurasenI (10/2) asyA: paizAcyA: prakRti: zaurasenI! sthitAyAM zaurasenyA paizAcI-lakSaNaM prvrtttitvym| 2. prakRti: zaurasenI (11/2) asyAH mAgadhyA: prakRti: zaurasenIti vediitvym| -vararucikRta 'prAkRtaprakAza'

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zeSaM zaurasenIvat (8/4/302) mAgadhyAM yaduktaM, tatoanyacchaurasenIvad drssttvym| zeSaM zaurasenIvat (8/4/323) paizAcyAM yaduktaM, tato anyaccheSaM paizAcyAM zaurasenIvad bhvti| zaurasenIvat (8/4/446) apabhraMze prAya: zaurasenIvat kAryaM bhvti| apabhraMzabhASAyAM prAya: zaurasenIbhASAtulyaM kArya jAyate; zaurasenIbhASAyAH ye niyamAH santi teSAM pravRttirapabhraMzabhASAyAmapi jaayte| -hemacandrakRta 'prAkRta vyAkaraNa' ata: isa prasaMga meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama sarvaprathama ina sUtroM meM 'prakRti' zabda kA vAstavika tAtparya kyA hai, ise smjheN| yadi hama yahA~ prakRti kA artha udbhava kA kAraNa mAnate haiM, to nizcita hI ina sUtroM se yaha phalita hotA hai ki mAgadhI yA paizAcI kA udbhava zaurasenI se huA; kintu zaurasenI ko ekamAtra prAcIna bhASA mAnane vAle tathA mAgadhI aura paizAcI ko usase udbhUta mAnane vAle ye vidvAn vararuci ke usa sUtra ko bhI uddhRta kyoM nahIM karate, jisameM zaurasenI kI prakRti saMskRta batAyI gayI hai, yathA- "zaurasenI- 12/1, TIkA- zUrasenAnAM bhASA zaurasenI sA ca lakSya-lakSaNAbhyAM sphuTIkriyate ityvgntvym| adhikArasUtrametadApariccheda samApte: 12/1 prakRti: saMskRtam- 12/2; TIkA- zaurasenyAM ye zabdAsteSAM prakRti: sNskRtm| -prAkRtaprakAza (12/2)" ata: ukta sUtra ke AdhAra para hameM yaha bhI svIkAra karanA hogA ki zaurasenI prAkRta saMskRta bhASA se utpanna huI hai| isa prakAra 'prakRti' kA artha udgama sthala karane para usI 'prAkRta-prakAza' ke AdhAra para yahabhI mAnanA hogA ki mUla bhASA saMskRta thI aura usI meM se zaurasenI utpanna huii| kyA zaurasenI ke pakSadhara isa satya ko svIkAra karane ko taiyAra haiM? bhAI sudIpajI, jo zaurasenI ke pakSadhara haiM aura 'prakRti: zaurasenI' ke AdhAra para mAgadhI ko zaurasenI se utpanna batAte haiM, ve svayaM bhI 'prakRti: saMskRtam -prAkRta-prakAza, 12/2' ke AdhAra para yaha mAnane ko taiyAra kyoM nahIM ki 'prakRti' kA artha usase utpanna huI, aisA hai| ve svayaM likhate haiM "Aja jitane bhI prAkRta vyAkaraNazAstra upalabdha hai, ve sabhI saMskRta bhASA meM haiM evaM saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke maoNDala para nirmita haiN| ataeva unameM 'prakRti: saMskRtam' jaise prayoga dekhakara katipaya jana aisA bhrama karane lagate haiM ki prAkRta bhASA saMskRta bhASA se utpanna huI ho- aisA artha kadApi nahIM hai- prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitambara 1996, pR0 14 / bhAI sudIpajI jaba zaurasenI kI bArI AtI hai, taba Apa 'prakRti' kA artha 'AdhAra/maoNDala' kareM aura jaba mAgadhI kA prazna Aye taba Apa 'prakRtiH zaurasenI' kA artha mAgadhI zaurasenI se utpanna huI, aisA kareM- yaha doharA mApadaNDa kyoM? kyA kevala zaurasenI ko prAcIna aura

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30 mAgadhI ko arvAcIna batAne ke liye / vastutaH prAkRta aura saMskRta zabda svayaM hI isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki unameM mUlabhASA kauna-sI hai ?" saMskRta zabda svayaM hI isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki saMskRta svAbhAvika yA mUla bhASA na hokara eka saMskArita kRtrima bhASA hai| prAkRta zabdoM evaM zabda rUpoM kA vyAkaraNa dvArA saMskAra karake jo bhASA nirmita hotI hai use hI saMskRta kahA jA sakatA hai aura jise saMskArita na kiyA gayA ho vaha saMskRta kaise hogI? vastutaH prAkRta svAbhAvika yA sahaja bolI hai aura usI ko saMskArita karake saMskRta bhASA nirmita huI hai / isa dRSTi se prAkRta mUla bhASA hai aura saMskRta usase udbhUta huI hai| hemacandrAcArya ke pUrva namisAdhu ne rudraTa ke 'kAvyAlaGkAra' kI TIkA meM prAkRta aura saMskRta zabda kA artha spaSTa kara diyA hai| ve likhate haiM sakalajagajjantunAM vyAkaraNAdibhiranAhitasaMskAra: sahajo vacanavyApAraH prakRti: tatra bhavaM saiva vA prAkRtam / ArisavayaNe siddhaM, devANaM addhamAgahA vANI ityAdi, vacanAdvA prAk pUrvakRtaM prAkRtam, bAlamahilAdisubodha-sakalabhASA-nindhanabhUta- vacanamucyate / meghanirmuktajalamivaikasvarUpaM tadeva ca dezavizeSAt saMskAra karaNAt ca samAsAdita-vizeSaM sat saMskRtAduttarabhedonAmnoMti / - kAvyAlaGkAra TIkA, namisAdhu 2 / 12 arthAt jo saMsAra ke prANiyoM kA vyAkaraNa Adi ke saMskAra se rahita sahaja vacana vyApAra hai, usase niHsRta bhASA prAkRta hai, jo bAlaka, mahilA Adi ke liye bhI subodha hai aura pUrva meM nirmita hone se (prAk kRta) sabhI bhASAoM kI racanA kA AdhAra hai vaha to megha se nirmukta jala kI taraha sahaja hai, usI kA deza-pradeza ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA saMskArita rUpa saMskRta aura usake vibhinna bheda arthAt vibhinna sAhityika prAkRteM haiN| satya yaha hai ki bolI ke rUpa meM to prAkRteM hI prAcIna haiM aura saMskRta unakA saMskArita rUpa hai, vastutaH saMskRta vibhinna prAkRta boliyoM ke bIca setu kA kAma karane vAlI eka sAmAnya sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM astitva meM AyI / yadi hama bhASA - vikAsa kI dRSTi se isa prazna para carcA kareM to bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki saMskRta suparimArjita, suvyavasthita aura vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para sunibaddha bhASA hai| yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki saMskRta se prAkRteM nirmita huI haiM, to hameM yahabhI mAnanA hogA ki mAnavajAti apane AdikAla meM vyAkaraNazAstra ke niyamoM se saMskArita saMskRta bhASA bolatI thI aura usI se vaha apabhraSTa hokara zaurasenI aura zaurasenI se apabhraSTa hokara mAgadhI, paizAcI, apabhraMza Adi bhASAe~ nirmita huiiN| isakA artha yaha bhI hogA ki mAnava jAti kI mUla bhASA arthAt saMskRta se apabhraSTa hote-hote hI vibhinna bhASAoM kA janma huA, kintu mAnava jAti aura mAnavIya saMskRti ke vikAsa kA vaijJAnika itihAsa isa bAta ko kabhI bhI svIkAra nahIM kregaa|

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vaha to yahI mAnatA hai ki mAnavIya boliyoM ke saMskAra dvArA hI vibhinna sAhityika bhASAe~ astitva meM AIM arthAt vibhinna boliyoM se hI vibhinna bhASAoM kA janma huA hai| vastuta: isa vivAda ke mUla meM sAhityika bhASA aura lokabhASA arthAt bolI ke antara ko nahIM samajha pAnA hai| vastuta: prAkRteM apane mUla svarUpa meM bhASAe~ na ho kara boliyA~ rahI haiM yahA~ hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki prAkRta koI eka bolI nahIM, apitu bolI-samUha kA nAma hai| jisa prakAra prArambha meM vibhinna prAkRtoM arthAt boliyoM ko saMskArita karake eka sAmAnya vaidika bhASA kA nirmANa huA,usI prakAra kAlakrama meM vibhinna boliyoM ko alaga-alaga rUpa meM saMskArita karake unase vibhinna sAhityika prAkRtoM kA nirmANa huaa| ata: yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki bolI ke rUpa meM prAkRteM mUla evaM prAcIna haiM aura unhIM se saMskRta kA vikAsa eka sarvasAdhAraNa (Common) bhASA ke rUpa meM huaa| prAkRteM boliyA~ haiM aura saMskRta bhASA hai| bolI ko vyAkaraNa se saMskArita karake ekarUpatA dene se bhASA kA vikAsa hotA hai| bhASA se bolI kA vikAsa nahIM hotA hai| vibhinna prAkRta boliyoM ko Age calakara vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se saMskArita kiyA gayA to unase vibhinna sAmAnyata: sAhityika prAkRtoM (bhASAoM kA) kA janma huaa| jaise mAgadhI bolI se mAgadhI prAkRta kA, zaurasenI bolI se zaurasenI prAkRta kA aura mahArASTra kI bolI se mahArASTrI prAkRta kA vikAsa huaa| prAkRta ke mAgadhI, paizAcI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi bheda tat-tat pradezoM kI boliyoM se utpanna hue haiM, na ki kisI prAkRta vizeSa se| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki koI bhI prAkRta vyAkaraNa sAtavIM zatI se pUrva kA upalabdha nahIM hai| sAtha hI sAtha unameM pratyeka prAkRta ke liye alaga-alaga maoNDala apanAye gaye haiN| vararuci ke liye zaurasenI kI prakRti saMskRta hai. jabaki hemacandra ke liye zaurasenI kI prakRti (mahArASTrI) prAkRta hai, ata: 'prakRti' kA artha Adarza yA maoNDala hai| anyathA hemacandra ke zaurasenI ke sambandha meM 'zeSaM prAkRtavat' (8/4/286) kA artha hogA zaurasenI mahArASTrI se utpanna huI, jo zaurasenI ke pakSadharoM ko kadApi mAnya nahIM hogaa| kyA ardhamAgadhI Agama mUlataH zaurasenI meM the? prAkRtavidyA, janavarI-mArca 1996 ke sampAdakIya meM DaoN0 sudIpajI jaina ne pro0 TA~TiyA ko yaha kahate hue prastuta kiyA hai ki "zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya kA bhI prAcIna rUpa zaurasenI prAkRtamaya hI thA, jisakA svarUpa kramaza: ardhamAgadhI ke rUpa meM badala gyaa|" isa sandarbha meM hamArA prazna yaha hai ki yadi prAcIna zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya zaurasenI prAkRta meM thA to phira vartamAna upalabdha pAThoM meM kahIM bhI zaurasenI kI mukhya vizeSatA madhyavartI asaMyukta 't' ke sthAna para 'd' kA prabhAva to dikhAyI detaa| isake viparIta hama yaha pAte haiM ki digambara-paramparA meM mAnya zaurasenI Agama sAhitya para ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta kA vyApaka prabhAva haiM aura isa tathya kI sapramANa carcA

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hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| isa sambandha meM digambara-paramparA ke zIrSastha vidvAn pro0 e0ena0 upAdhye kA yaha spaSTa mantavya hai ki 'pravacanasAra' kI bhASA para zvetAmbara AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA paryApta prabhAva hai aura ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI aneka vizeSatAe~ uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM isa grantha ko prApta huI haiN| isameM svara-parivartana, madhyavartI vyaJjanoM ke parivartana 'ya' zruti ityAdi ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke samAna hI milate haiN| dUsare variSTha digambara-paramparA ke vidvAn pro0 khaDabaDI kA kahanA hai ki SaTakhaNDAgama kI bhASA zuddha zaurasenI nahIM hai| isa prakAra yahA~ eka ora digambara vidvAna isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kara rahe haiM ki digambara AgamoM para zvetAmbara AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA prabhAva hai vahA~ para yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara Agama zaurasenI se ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita hue, apitu isase to yahI phalita hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama hI zaurasenI meM rUpAntarita hue haiN| puna: ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM digambara vidvAnoM meM jo bhrAnti pracalita rahI hai usakA spaSTIkaraNa bhI Avazyaka hai| sambhavata: ye vidvAn ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ke antara ko spaSTa rUpa se nahIM samajha pAye haiM tathA sAmAnyata: ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ko paryAyavAcI mAnakara hI calate rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki DaoN0 upAdhye jaise vidvAn bhI 'ya' zruti ko ardhamAgadhI kA lakSaNa batAte haiM, jabaki vaha mUlata: mahArASTrI prAkRta kA lakSaNa hai, na ki ardhamAgadhI kaa| ardhamAgadhI to madhyavartI 't' yathAvat rahatA hai| yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM kAlakrama se parivartana hue haiM aura usa para mahArASTrI prAkRta kI 'y' zruti kA prabhAva AyA hai; kintu yaha mAnanA pUrNata: mithyA hai ki zvetAmbara AgamoM kA zaurasenI se ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntaraNa huA hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama hI mAthurI aura vallabhI vAcanAoM ke samaya kramaza: zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI prAkRtoM se prabhAvita hue haiN| ___TA~TiyAjI jaise vidvAn isa prakAra kI mithyA dhAraNA ko pratipAdita kareM ki zaurasenI Agama hI ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita hue haiM, yaha vizvasanIya nahIM lagatA hai| yadi TaoNTiyAjI kA yaha kathana ki 'pAli tripiTaka aura ardhamAgadhI Agama mUlataH zaurasenI meM the aura phira pAli aura ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita hue' yaha yadi satya hai to unheM yA sudIpajI ko isake pramANa prastuta karane caahie| vastutaH jaba kisI bolI ko sAhityika bhASA kA svarUpa diyA jAtA hai, to ekarUpatA ke liye niyama yA vyavasthA Avazyaka hotI hai aura ye niyama bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ke dvArA banAye jAte hai| vibhinna prAkRtoM ko jaba sAhityika bhASA kA rUpa diyA gayA to unake liye bhI vyAkaraNa ke niyama Avazyaka hue aura ye vyAkaraNa ke niyama mukhyata: saMskRta se gRhIta kiye gye| jaba vyAkaraNazAstra meM kisI bhASA kI prakRti batAyI jAtI hai taba vahA~ tAtparya hotA hai ki usa bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM kA mUla Adarza kisa

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33 bhASA ke zabdarUpa mAne gaye haiM? udAharaNa ke taura para jaba hama zaurasenI ke vyAkaraNa kI carcA karate haiM to hama yaha mAnate haiM ki usake vyAkaraNa kA Adarza, apanI kucha vizeSatAoM ko chor3akara jisakI carcA usa bhASA ke vyAkaraNa meM hotI hai, saMskRta ke zabda-rUpa haiN| kisI bhI bhASA kA janma bolI ke rUpa meM pahale hotA phira bolI se sAhityika bhASA kA janma hotA hai, jaba sAhitya bhASA bana jAtI hai taba usake liye vyAkaraNa ke niyama banAye jAte haiM aura ye vyAkaraNa ke niyama jisa bhASA ke zabda-rUpoM ke AdhAra para usa bhASA ke zabda-rUpoM ko samajhAte haiN| ve hI usakI prakRti kahalAte haiN| yaha satya hai ki bolI kA janma pahale hotA hai, vyAkaraNa usake bAda banatA hai| zaurasenI athavA prAkRta kI prakRti' saMskRta mAnane kA artha itanA hI hai ki ina bhASAoM ke jo bhI vyAkaraNa bane haiM ve saMskRta zabda-rUpoM ke AdhAra para bane haiN| yahA~ para bhI jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta kA koI bhI vyAkaraNa prAkRta ke likhane yA bolane vAloM ke liye nahIM banAyA gayA, apitu unake liye banAyA gayA, jo saMskRta meM likhate yA bolate the| yadi hameM kisI saMskRta ke jAnakAra vyakti ko prAkRta ke zabda yA zabdarUpoM ko samajhAnA ho to tadartha usakA AdhAra saMskRta ko hI banAnA hogA aura usI ke AdhAra para yaha samajhAnA hogA ki prAkRta kA kauna-sA zabdarUpa saMskRta ke kisI zabda se kaise niSpanna huA hai? isalie jo bhI prAkRta vyAkaraNa nirmita kiye gaye ve aparihArya rUpa se saMskRta zabdoM yA zabdarUpoM ko AdhAra mAnakara prAkRta zabda yA zabda-rUpoM kI vyAkhyA karate haiM aura saMskRta ko prAkRta kI 'prakRti' kahane kA itanA hI tAtparya hai| isI prakAra jaba mAgadhI, paizAcI yA apabhraMza kI 'prakRti' zaurasenI ko kahA jAtA hai to usakA tAtparya yahI hotA hai ki prastuta vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM meM ina bhASAoM ke zabdarUpoM ko zaurasenI zabdoM ko AdhAra mAnakara samajhAyA gayA hai| 'prAkRtaprakAza' kI TIkA meM vararuci ne spaSTata: likhA hai- zaurasenyA ye zabdAsteSAM prakRti: saMskRtam (12/2) arthAt zaurasenI ke jo zabda hai unakI prakRti yA AdhAra saMskRta zabda haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prAkRtoM meM tIna prakAra ke zabdarUpa milate haiM- tadbhava, tatsama aura deshj| dezaja zabda ve haiM jo kisI deza vizeSa meM kisI vizeSa artha meM prayukta rahe haiN| inake artha kI vyAkhyA ke liye vyAkaraNa kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| tadbhava zabda ve haiM jo saMskRta zabdoM se nirmita hai| jabaki saMskRta ke samAna zabda tatsama kahalAte haiN| saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM do zabda prasiddha haiM- prakRti aura prtyy| inameM mUla zabdarUpa ko prakRti kahA jAtA hai| mUla zabda se jo zabdarUpa banA hai vaha tadbhava hai| prAkRta vyAkaraNa saMskRta zabda se prAkRta kA tadbhava zabdarUpa kaise banA hai, isakI vyAkhyA karatA hai| ata: yahA~ saMskRta ko 'prakRti' kahane kA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hai ki tadbhava zabdoM ke sandarbha meM saMskRta zabda ko Adarza mAnakara yA maoNDala mAnakara

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34 yaha vyAkaraNa likhA hai| ata: prakRti kA artha Adarza yA maoNDala yA AdhAra hai| saMskRta zabdarUpa ko maoNDala/Adarza mAnanA isalie Avazyaka thA ki saMskRta ke jAnakAra vidvAnoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara yA unake liye hI prAkRta vyAkaraNa likhe gaye the| jaba DaoN0 sudIpajI zaurasenI ke sandarbha meM 'prakRti: saMskRtam' kA artha maoNDala yA Adarza karate haiM to unheM mAgadhI, paizAcI Adi ke sandarbha meM 'prakRti: zaurasenI' kA artha bhI yahI karanA cAhie ki zaurasenI kA maoNDala yA Adarza mAnakara inakA vyAkaraNa likhA haiisase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki mAgadhI Adi prAkRtoM kI utpatti zaurasenI se haI hai| hemacandrAcArya ne mahArASTrI prAkRta ko AdhAra mAnakara zaurasenI, mAgadhI Adi prAkRtoM ko samajhAyA hai ata: isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki mahArASTrI prAkRta prAcIna hai yA mahArASTrI se mAgadhI, zaurasenI Adi utpanna huI haiN| prAcIna kauna ? ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI - isa sandarbha meM TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki "yadi vartamAna ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko hI mUla Agama sAhitya mAnane para jora deMge to isa ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA Aja se 1500 varSa pahale astitva hI nahIM hone se isa sthiti meM hameM apane Agama sAhitya ko hI 500 I0 se paravartI mAnanA pdd'egaa|" jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ mahArASTrI aura ardhamAgadhI ke antara ko na samajhate hue eka bhrAnti ko khar3A kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama to yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki AgamoM ke prAcIna ardhamAgadhI ke 't' madhyavartI pradhAna pATha cUrNiyoM aura aneka prAcIna pratiyoM meM Aja bhI mila rahe haiM, usase niHsandeha yaha siddha hotA hai ki mUla ardhamAgadhI meM madhyavartI 'ta' rahatA thA aura usameM lopa kI pravRtti nagaNya hI thI aura yaha ardhamAgadhI bhASA zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI se prAcIna bhI hai| yadi zvetAmbara Agama zaurasenI se mahArASTrI (jise digambara vidvAn bhrAnti se ardhamAgadhI kaha rahe haiM) meM badale gaye to phira unakI prAcIna pratiyoM meM madhyavartI 'ta' ke sthAna para 'da'kAra pradhAna pATha kyoM upalabdha nahIM ho rahe haiM jo zaurasenI kI vizeSatA hai| isa prasaMga meM DaoN0 TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki Aja bhI 'AcArAGgasUtra' Adi kI prAcIna pratiyoM meM zaurasenI ke zabdoM kI pracuratA milatI hai| maiM AdaraNIya TA~TiyAjI se aura bhAI sudIpajI se sAgraha nivedana karU~gA ki ve AcArAGga, RSibhASita, sUtrakRtAGga Adi kI kinhIM bhI prAcIna pratiyoM meM madhyavartI 't' ke sthAna para 'd' pATha dikhalA deN| prAcIna pratiyoM meM jo pATha mila rahe haiM, ve ardhamAgadhI yA ArSa prAkRta ke haiM, na ki zaurasenI ke haiN| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki kucha zabdarUpa ArSa ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI meM samAna rUpa meM milate haiN| / vastuta: ina prAcIna pratiyoM meM na to madhyavartI 't' kA 'd' dekhA jAtA hai aura "n" ke sthAna para "N" kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai, jise vyAkaraNa meM zaurasenI kI

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vizeSatA kahA jAtA hai| satya to yaha hai ki ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA hI zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa huA hai, na ki zaurasenI AgamoM kA ardhamAgadhI ruupaantrnn| yaha satya hai ki na kevala ardhamAgadhI AgamoM para apitu zaurasenI ke Agamatulya kundakunda Adi ke granthoM para bhI mahArASTrI kI 'y' zruti kA spaSTa prabhAva hai jise hama pUrva meM siddha kara cuke haiN| kyA pandraha sau varSoM se pUrva ardhamAgadhI bhASA evaM zvetAmbara ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA astitva hI nahIM thA? / DaoN0 sudIpajI dvArA TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se uddhRta yaha kathana ki '1500 varSa pahale ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA astitva hI nahIM thA' pUrNataH bhrAnta hai| AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, RSibhASita jaise AgamoM ko pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne eka svara se I0pU0 tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI yA usase bhI pUrvakAla kA mAnA hai| kyA usa samaya ye Agama ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM nibaddha na hokara zaurasenI meM nibaddha the? jJAtavya hai ki madhyavartI t ke sthAna para 'd' aura 'Na'kAra kI pravRtti vAlI zaurasenI kA janma to usa samaya huA hI nahIM thA anyathA azoka aura mathurA (jo zaurasenI kI janmabhUmi hai) ke abhilekhoM meM kahIM to isa zaurasenI ke vaiziSTya vAle zabdarUpa upalabdha hone cAhie the| kyA zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha aisA eka bhI grantha hai, jo I0pU0 meM likhA gayA ho? satya to yaha hai ki bhAsa (IsA kI dUsarI zatI) ke nATakoM ke atirikta IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva zaurasenI meM nibaddha eka bhI grantha nahIM thaa| isase pratikUla mAgadhI aura ardhamAgadhI ke abhilekha I0pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI se upalabdha ho rahe haiN| punaH yadi ye loga jise ardhamAgadhI kaha rahe haiM use mahArASTrI bhI mAna leM to usake bhI grantha IsA kI prAthamika zatAbdiyoM ke upalabdha hote haiN| sAtavAhana hAla kI gAthAsaptazatI mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prAcIna grantha hai, sAtha hI yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha IsA kI prathama se tIsarI zatI ke madhya taka racita hai| punaH yaha bhI eka saMkalana grantha hai jisameM aneka granthoM se gAthAe~ saMkalita kI gayI haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki isake pUrva bhI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM grantha race gaye the| kAlidAsa ke nATakoM jinameM bhI zaurasenI kA prAcInatama rUpa milatA hai, ve bhI IsA kI caturtha zatAbdI ke bAda ke hI mAne jAte haiN| kundakunda ke grantha spaSTa rUpa se na kevala ardhamAgadhI AgamoM se apita paravartI 'yU' zrati pradhAna mahArASTrI se bhI prabhAvita haiM, kisI bhI sthiti meM IsA kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva ke siddha nahIM hote haiN|* SaTakhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM guNasthAna, saptabhaMgI Adi lagabhaga 5vIM zatI meM nirmita avadhAraNAoM kI upasthiti unheM zvetAmbara AgamoM aura umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra (lagabhaga caturtha zatI) se paravartI hI siddha karatI haiM, kyoMki *. dekhie, DaoN0 hIrAlAla (svayaM eka digambara vidvAn) jaina kI 'bhAratIya saMskRti __ meM jainadharma kA yogadAna', bhopAla, 1962, pR0 83

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ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM ye avadhAraNAe~ anupasthita haiN| isa sambandha meM maiMne apane grantha 'guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa' aura 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| antatogatvA yahI siddha hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI bhASA yA ardhamAgadhI Agama nahIM, apitu zaurasenI bhASA IsA kI dUsarI zatI ke pazcAt aura zaurasenI Agama IsA kI 5vIM zatI ke pazcAt astitva meM aaye| acchA hogA ki bhAI sudIpajI pahale mAgadhI aura pAli tathA ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ke antara ko evaM inake pratyeka ke lakSaNoM ko tathA jaina Agamika sAhitya ke granthoM ke kAlakrama ko aura jaina itihAsa ko taTastha dRSTi se samajha leM aura phira pramANasahita apanI kalama nirbhIka rUpa se calAyeM, vyartha kI AdhArahIna bhrAntiyA~ khar3I karake samAja meM kaTutA utpanna na kreN|

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prAkRta vidyA meM pro0 TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se prakAzita unake vyAkhyAna ke vicArabinduoM kI samIkSA DaoN0 sudIpajI ne prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitambara 1996 meM DaoN0 TA~TiyAjI ke vyAkhyAna meM ubhara kara Aye 14 vicArabinduoM ko avikala rUpa se prastuta karane kA dAvA kiyA hai| yahA~ unakI samIkSA karanA isalie apekSita hai ki unake nAma para prasArita bhrAntiyoM kA nirasana ho ske| nIce hama kramazaH eka-eka bindu kI samIkSA kreNge| 1. " prAcInakAla meM zaurasenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA thI?" prathama to uttara aura dakSiNa ke kucha digambara vidvAnoM dvArA zaurasenI ke grantha likhe jAne se athavA katipaya nATakoM meM mAgadhI Adi anya prAkRtoM ke sAtha-sAtha zaurasenI ke prayoga hone se yaha siddha nahIM ho jAtA ki zaurasenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA thI / yadi ina tarkoM ke AdhAra para eka bAra hama yaha mAna bhI leM ki zaurasenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA thI, to kyA isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki mAgadhI yA mahArASTrI prAkRta akhila bhAratIya bhASAe~ nahIM thIM? prAcIna kAla meM to mAgadhI hI akhila bhAratIya bhASA thii| yadi zaurasenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA banI, to vaha bhI mAgadhI ke pazcAt hI banI hai, kyoMki azoka ke sampUrNa abhilekha mukhyataH mAgadhI meM hI haiN| yaha satya hai ki una para tad-tad pradezoM kI lokaboliyoM kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai, phira bhI usase mAgadhI ke akhila bhAratIya bhASA hone meM koI kamI nahIM aatii| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki mauryakAla aura usake pazcAt jaba taka sattA kA kendra pATaliputra banA rahA, taba taka mAgadhI hI akhila bhAratIya bhASA rahI, kyoMki vaha bhAratIya sAmrAjya kI rAjabhASA thii| jaba bhArata meM kuSANa aura zakakAla meM sattA kA kendra pATaliputra se haTakara mathurA banA, tabhI zaurasenI ko rAjabhASA hone kA pada milaa| yadyapi yaha bhI sandehAspada hI hai, kyoMki IsA pU0 prathama zatI se IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka mathurA meM jo bhI abhilekha milate haiM, ve bhI mAgadhI se prabhAvita hI haiN| Aja taka bhArata meM zuddha zaurasenI meM eka bhI abhilekha *. vartamAna meM TaoNTiyAjI kA svargavAsa ho jAne para yaha unake nAma se prasArita ina bhrAntiyoM kA nirasana aura bhI Avazyaka ho gayA hai|

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38 upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| ataH kevala digambara AcAryoM dvArA zaurasenI meM grantha race jAne se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki vaha akhila bhAratIya bhASA thii| kyA digambara- paramparA ke dhArmika sAhitya ke atirikta koI eka bhI grantha aisA hai, jo pUrI taraha zaurasenI meM likhA gayA ho, jabaki ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM zvetAmbara dhArmika sAhitya ke atirikta bhI aneka grantha likhe gaye, ataH mAgadhI evaM mahArASTrI prAkRta ko bhI usI rUpa meM akhila bhAratIya bhASA mAnanA hogaa| 2. "zaurasenI prAkRta sabase adhika sauSThava va lAlitya pUrNa siddha huI / ' "1 yaha ThIka hai ki saMskRta kI apekSA prAkRta bhASAoM meM lAlitya aura mAdhurya hai; kintu usa lAlitya aura mAdhurya kA saccA AsvAda to 'ya' zruti pradhAna mahArASTrI prAkRta meM hI milatA hai| kevala nATakoM ke kucha aMza chor3akara kyA zaurasenI meM nibaddha eka bhI lAlityapUrNa sAhityika kRti hai ? isakI apekSA to mahArASTrI prAkRta meM 'gAthAsaptazatI', 'vasudevahiNDI', 'paumacariyaM', 'vajjAlaggaM', 'samarAiccakahA', 'dhUrtAkhyAna' Adi anekoM sAhityika kRtiyA~ haiM, ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki zaurasenI kI apekSA bhI mahArASTrI adhika lAlityapUrNa bhASA hai| kyA uparokta mahArASTrI ke granthoM kI koTi kA zaurasenI meM eka bhI grantha hai ? puna: jahA~ zaurasenI meM nATakoM ke kucha aMzoM ke atirikta mukhyataH dhArmika sAhitya hI racA gayA, vahA~ mahArASTrI prAkRta meM aneka vidhAoM ke grantha race gaye aura na kevala jainoM ne, apitu jainetara logoM ne bhI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM grantha likhe haiN| jahA~ taka mAdhurya kA prazna hai 'da' kAra - pradhAna aura aghoSa ke ghoSa prayoga -- hodi, Adi ke kAraNa zaurasenI meM vaha mAdhurya nahIM hai, jo madhyavartI kaThora vyaJjanoM ke lopa, 'ya' zrutipradhAna madhura vyaJjanoM se yukta mahArASTrI meM hai| zaurasenI aura paizAcI to 'saMskRta kI apekSA adhika madhura nahIM haiM, jo mAdhurya mahArASTrI meM hai vaha saMskRta aura anya prAkRtoM meM nahIM hai| mahArASTrI meM lopa kI pravRtti adhika hone se mukhasaukarya bhI adhika hai| zaurasenI prAkRta kA gaurava karanA acchI bAta hai, lekina use hI adhika sauSThavapUrNa mAnakara dUsarI prAkRtoM ko usase nIcA mAnane kI vRtti satyAnveSI vidvat puruSoM ko zobhA nahIM detI hai| 3. " bahuta sArI acchI bAteM ardhamAgadhI meM nahIM haiM, jabaki zaurasenI meM surakSita haiM, aneka bAtoM kA spaSTIkaraNa Aja zaurasenI ke 'SaTkhaNDAgama' aura 'dhavalA' se hI karanA par3atA hai|" yaha satya hai ki jaina karma - siddhAnta kI aneka sUkSma vivecanAe~ 'SaTkhaNDAgama' evaM usakI 'dhavalA TIkA' meM surakSita hai; kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM acchI bAteM nahIM haiN| zaurasenI Agama- sAhitya kI apekSA ardhamAgadhI

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39 Agama sAhitya parimANa meM pA~ca gune se adhika hai aura usameM bhI aneka acchI bAteM nihita haiN| sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI kA sAhitya to zaurasenI sAhitya kI apekSA dasa gune se bhI adhika hogaa| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM 'AcArAGga' kA eka-eka sUkta aisA hai, jo bindu meM sindhu ko samAhita karatA hai, kyA usake samakakSa kA koI grantha zaurasenI meM hai ? Aja 'AcArAGga' hI ekamAtra aisA grantha hai jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mUlavacana surakSita haiN| yaha satya hai ki samayasAra Atma-anAtma viveka kA aura 'SaTkhaNDAgama' tathA usakI 'dhavalA TIkA' karma - siddhAnta kA gambhIra vivecana prastuta karatI haiM; kintu hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki ardhamAgadhI Agama meM surakSita jinavacanoM ke AdhAra para hI digambara vidvAnoM ne ina siddhAntoM kA vikAsa kiyA hai aura ve usase paravartI haiN| puna: yadi jaina AcAra- darzana evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa ke itihAsa ko samajhanA hai to hameM ardhamAgadhI sAhitya kA hI sahArA lenA hogaa| ve una nIMva ke pattharoM ke samAna haiM, jina para jaina- darzana evaM saMskRti kA mahala khar3A huA hai / nIMva kI upekSA karake mAtra zikhara ko dekhane se hama jainadharma aura siddhAntoM ke vikAsa ke itihAsa ko nahIM samajha sakate haiN| punaH ardhamAgadhI sAhitya meM bhI 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' jaise gambhIra dArzanika carcA karane vAle aneka grantha haiN| punaH 'bRhatkalpabhASa', 'vyavahArabhASya' aura 'nizIthabhASya' jaise jaina AcAra ke utsarga evaM apavAda mArga kI talasparzI vivecanA karane vAle tathA usake vikAsa krama ko spaSTa karane vAle kitane grantha zaurasenI meM haiM ? jisa dhavalA TIkA kA itanA guNagAna kiyA jArahA hai, kyA usakI bhI ina granthoM se koI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai ? punaH yaha bhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki zaurasenI meM nibaddha 'kasAyapAhuDa' evaM 'SaSTkhaNDAgama' bhI 'bhagavatIsUtra', 'prajJApanA', 'jIvasamAsa' Adi ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA hI vikasita evaM pariSkArita rUpa hai, kyoMki ye grantha unase pUrvavartI haiN| isI prakAra 'dhavalA TIkA', jo dasavIM zatI kI racanA hai, vaha bhI niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM se aprabhAvita nahIM hai / punaH bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM meM bahuta-sI aisI bAteM haiM, jo zaurasenI sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| 'mUlAcAra' aura 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' jaise zaurasenI ke grantharatna to 'AturapratyAkhyAna', 'mahApratyAkhyAna', 'maraNavibhakti', 'Avazyakaniryukti' Adi ke AdhAra para hI nirmita haiM aura unakI saikar3oM gAthAe~ bhASika parivartana ke sAtha inameM upalabdha haiN| ataH ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ke granthoM meM zaurasenI kI apekSA aneka gunI adhika acchI bAteM haiM aura unake abhAva meM jainadharma, darzana, saMskRti aura AcAra ke samyak itihAsa ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| 4-5. "lADanUM kA hamArA sArA parivAra kahatA hai ki zaurasenI ko jAne binA hama ardhamAgadhI ko nahIM jAna sakate; donoM bhASAoM kA jJAna paraspara eka dUsare para nirbhara hai ataH hameM (digambara, zvetAmbara) mila-jula kara kAma karanA cAhie / "

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40 yaha satya hai ki kisI bhI prAcIna bhASA aura usake sAhitya ke talasparzI jJAna ke liye unakI samasAmayika bhASAoM tathA unake sAhitya aura paramparAoM kA jJAna apekSita hai aura isa dRSTi se AdaraNIya TA~TiyAjI kA yaha kathana ki hamArA lADanUM kA sArA parivAra yaha kahatA hai ki zaurasenI ko jAne binA hama ardhamAgadhI ko nahIM jAna sakate, vaha ucita hI hai; kintu zaurasenI AgamoM para AdhArita digambara-paramparA ko bhI yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki ve bhI ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA samyak adhyayana kiye binA zaurasenI AgamoM ke mUla hArda ko nahIM samajha sakate haiN| 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke prathama khaNDa ke 93 veM sUtra meM 'saMjada' pada kI upasthiti ko samyak prakAra se samajhane ke liye yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki 'SaTkhaNDAgama' mUlataH usa yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai, jo ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unameM pratipAdita strI-mukti ko mAnatI thii| 'mUlAcAra' meM 'pajjusaNAkappa' kA sahI artha kyA hai ? ise zvetAmbara AgamoM ke jJAna ke abhAva meM vasunandI jaise samartha digambara TIkAkAra bhI nahIM samajha sake haiN| isI prakAra 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' ke 'ThavaNAyariyo' zabda kA artha paM0 kailAzacandrajI jaise digambara-paramparA ke udbhaTa vidvAn bhI nahIM samajha sake aura use aspaSTa kaha kara chor3a diyA, kyoMki ve zvetAmbara AgamoM evaM paramparA se gaharAI se paricita nahIM the, jabaki ardhamAgadhI sAhitya kA sAmAnya adhyetA bhI 'paryuSaNAkalpa' aura 'sthApanAcArya' ke tAtparya se suparicita hotA hai| isI prakAra 'samayasAra' ke 'apadesasuttamajjhaM' kA sahI artha samajhanA ho yA 'niyamasAra' ke AtmA ke vivaraNa ko samajhanA ho to AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA adhyayana karanA hogaa| ataH prAcIna evaM samasAmayika bhASAoM ke sAhitya aura paramparA kA jJAna sabhI ke liye apekSita hai| yaha bAta kevala jainadharma ke donoM sampradAyoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu anya bhAratIya paramparAoM ke sandarbha meM bhI samajhanI caahie| maiM spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnatA hU~ ki bauddha pAli 'tripiTaka' ke adhyayana ke binA jaina AgamoM kA aura jaina AgamoM ke binA 'tripiTaka' kA adhyayana pUrNa nahIM hotA hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM aneka zabda aise haiM, jinake sahI artha eka dUsare ke jJAna ke binA samyakrUpa se nahIM samajhe jA sakate hai| arhat zabda arahata, arahaMta, arihaMta, aruhaMta Adi zabda-rUpa pAli aura ardhamAgadhI meM na kevala samAna hai apitu unakI vyutpattiparaka vyAkhyAe~ bhI donoM paramparA meM samAna haiN| Aja bhI jisaprakAra 'AcArAGga' aura 'isibhAsiyAI' jaise ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko samajhane ke liye bauddha aura aupaniSadika paramparAoM kA adhyayana apekSita hai vaise hI SaTkhaNDAgama ko samajhane ke liye zvetAmbara Agama grantha- 'prajJApanA', 'paJcasaMgraha'jisameM 'kasAyapAhuDa' bhI samAhita hai, aura zvetAmbara karma granthoM kA adhyayana apekSita hai| yadi AcArya kundakunda ke 'samayasAra' ko samajhanA hai to bauddhoM kI 'mAdhyamikakArikA' athavA hinduoM kI mANDUkyakArikA ko par3hanA Avazyaka hai / dUsarI paramparA ke granthoM ke adhyayana kA DaoN0 TaoNTiyAjI kA acchA sujhAva hai; kintu yaha kisI

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41 eka paramparA ke liye nahIM, apitu donoM ke liye Avazyaka hai| zvetAmbara vidvAn to zaurasenI sAhitya kA adhyayana bhI karate haiM; kintu adhikAMza digambara vidvAn Aja bhI ardhamAgadhI sAhitya se prAya: aparicita haiN| ata: unheM hI isa sujhAva kI ora vizeSa dhyAna denA caahie| 6. "AcArya kundakunda aura amRtacanda ke barAbara kA koI dArzanika Aja taka huA hI nahIM haiN|" yaha satya hai ki AcArya kundakunda aura amRtacandra jainadarzana meM Atma-anAtma viveka ko tArkika rUpa se prastuta karane vAle zikhara puruSa haiN| unakI prajJA nizcaya hI vandanIya hai| jaina adhyAtmavidyA ke kSetra meM unakA jo mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai use kabhI bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA hai| kintu isakA artha yaha bhI nahIM hai ki zvetAmbara-paramparA meM hue dArzanikoM aura cintakoM kA avadAna unakI apekSA kama mahattvapUrNa hai| anekAnta kI darzana jagat meM tArkika DhaMga se sthApanA ke kSetra meM siddhasena divAkara kA, samadarzI dArzanika ke rUpa meM AcArya haribhadra kA aura sAhitya sraSTA ke rUpa meM hemacandrAcArya kA jo avadAna hai, use bhI kama nahIM AMkA jA sakatA hai| inake atirikta bhI mallavAdI, jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa, saMghadAsagaNi, yazovijayajI, AnandaghanajI Adi aneka zIrSastha dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika satpuruSa zvetAmbara-paramparA meM bhI hue haiN| darzana-jagat meM inakA mahattva aura mUlya kama nahIM hai| jisa prakAra amRtacandra ko amRtacandra banAne meM kundakunda kA sabase bar3A yogadAna hai, usI prakAra kundakunda ko kundakunda banAne meM bhI siddhasena divAkara aura nAgArjuna jaise jaina evaM bauddha dArzanikoM kA mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai| digambara vidvAnoM ko ise bhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki digambara samAja ko kundakunda aura amRtacandra kI pratibhA se paricita karavAne vAle banArasIdAsa, bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa aura kAnajIsvAmI mUlata: zvetAmbara-paramparA meM hI janme the| kundakunda aura amRtacandra ko digambara-paramparA meM susthApita karane vAle zvetAmbara kulodbhUta ina adhyAtmarasikoM kA RNa bhI digambara-paramparA ko svIkAra karanA caahie| 7. "zvetAmbaroM ke samasta AcAryoM kA nicor3a 'dhavalA' grantha meM mila jAtA hai isake jaisA koI grantha hai hI nhiiN|" - bhAI sudIpajI, DaoN0 TA~TiyAjI ke isa kathana kA sIdhA tAtparya to yaha hai ki yadi 'dhavalA' meM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ke vicAroM kA nicor3a hai, to vaha zvetAmbara granthoM ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai, ise bhI svIkAra karanA hogA aura dhavalAkAra ko zvetAmbara AcAryoM kA RNI bhI honA par3egA; lekina yaha kathana kevala eka atizayokti ke alAvA kucha bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki 'dhavalA' meM mukhyata: to pUrvavartI zvetAmbara-digambara karma granthoM meM varNita viSaya kA hI nicor3a hai| isake alAvA adhikatara dArzanika evaM AcAra sambandhI samasyAe~ to usameM kevala satahI (UparI) stara para hI varNita haiN| kyA anekAnta

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42 kI sthApanA kI dRSTi se siddhasena divAkara ke 'sanmatitarka' aura usakI TIkA meM athavA 'nayacakra' aura siMhasUri kI usakI TIkA meM athavA 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' aura usakI cUrNI meM athavA 'bRhatkalpa', 'vyavahAra' aura 'nizItha' ke bhASya evaM cUrNiyoM meM jaina AcAra kI gUr3hatama samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM jo gambhIra vivecana hai, vaha kyA 'dhavalA ' meM upalabdha hai ? eka sAmAnyajana ko to aise kathanoM se bhramita kiyA jA sakatA hai; kintu una vidvAnoM ko jinhoMne donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM kA talasparzI adhyayana kiyA ho, aise atizayoktipUrNa kathanoM se bhramita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| pro0 TaoNTiyAjI ne cAhe yaha bAta digambara AcAryoM aura janasAdhAraNa ko khuza karane kI dRSTi se kaha bhI dI ho to kyA ve apane isa kathana ko antarAtmA se svIkAra karate haiM? punaH yaha kathana ki 'dhavalA jaisA koI grantha hai hI nahIM' yaha bhI cintya hai| vaise to pratyeka grantha apanI viSayavastu yA zailI Adi kI apekSA se apane Apa meM viziSTa hotA hai ata: usakI tulanA kisI anya paramparA ke granthoM se karake unheM nikRSTa ThaharA denA eka nirarthaka prayAsa hI hogA ? yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki 'dhavalA' apane Apa meM koI svatantra grantha nahIM hai vaha to 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke pA~ca khaNDoM kI TIkA hai| usakA vaiziSTya kevala karma siddhAnta kI vivecanA kI dRSTi se hI hai / yadi zvetAmbara granthoM ko eka ora chor3a bhI deM to kyA 'dhavalA' aura 'samayasAra' meM koI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai? kyA 'samayasAra', 'dhavalA' kI apekSA nimna koTi kA grantha hai ? dUsarI paramparA ke granthoM ko nimna koTi kA batAne ke liye isa prakAra kI vAkyAvaliyoM kA prayoga ucita nahIM hai| kyA TaoNTiyAjI kI dRSTi meM 'bhagavatIsUtra', 'prajJApanA', 'sanmatitarka' aura usakI TIkA athavA 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya', 'dhavalA' kI apekSA nimna koTi ke grantha haiM ? kisI bhI grantha ke sApekSita vaiziSTya ko svIkAra karanA eka bAta hai; kintu nirapekSa rUpa se use sarvopari ghoSita kara denA anekAnta ke upAsakoM ke liye ucita nahIM hai| 8. "zaurasenI pAli bhASA kI jananI hai- yaha merA spaSTa cintana hai| pahale bauddhoM ke grantha zaurasenI meM the, unako jalA diyA gayA aura pAli meM likhA gayA / " yadyapi isa kathana kI samIkSA hama pUrva lekha meM kara cuke haiM, phira bhI spaSTatA ke liye do-tIna bAteM batAnA Avazyaka hai| merA prathama prazna to yaha hai ki 'da'kAra aura 'Na'kAra pradhAna zaurasenI jo digambara *. dekheM isI grantha meM prakAzita merA lekha - jaina AgamoM kI mUlabhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI.

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43 Agama granthoM athavA nATakoM meM milatI hai vaha to tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrva kahIM upalabdha hI nahIM hai, jabaki bauddha tripiTaka pAli bhASA meM usake pUrva likhe jA cuke the| kyA koI bhI paravartI bhASA apanI pUrvavartI bhASA kI jananI ho sakatI hai? kyA AdaraNIya TA~TiyAjI aura sudIpajI kisI prAcIna grantha kA eka bhI aisA pramANa prastuta kara sakate haiM jisameM yaha kahA gayA ho ki zaurasenI se pAli bhASA kA janma huA? puna: kyA isa bAta kA bhI koI pramANa hai ki pahale bauddhoM ke grantha zaurasenI meM the, unako jalA diyA gayA aura phira unako pAli meM likhA gyaa| AcArya buddhaghoSa ke prAmANika kathana ke AdhAra para hameM yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki buddha-vacana mUlata: mAgadhI meM the sA mAgadhI mUlabhASA narAyAya aadikppikaa| brahmaNo ca assutAlApA saMbuddhA cApi bhaasre||* ata: yaha kahanA to sambhava hai ki mAgadhI pAli bhASA kI jananI hai; kintu yaha kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai ki paravartI zaurasenI pUrvavartI mAgadhI yA pAli bhASA kI jananI hai- yaha to pautrI ko mAtA banAne jaisA prayAsa hai| yaha bAta to bauddha vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kI hai ki jo buddha-vacana pahale mAgadhI meM the, unheM pAli meM rUpAntarita kiyA gayA; kintu yaha to kisI ne bhI Aja taka nahIM kahA ki buddha-vacana pahale zaurasenI meM the aura unheM jalAkara phira pAli meM likhA gyaa| yadi isa sambandha meM unake pAsa koI pramANa ho to prastuta kreN| mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI ne mAtra yaha kahA hogA ki prAkRta (mAgadhI) pAli bhASA kI jananI hai aura pahale bauddhoM ke grantha prAkRta meM the, unako jalA diyA gayA aura pAli bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| yahA~ prAkRta ke sthAna para zaurasenI zabda kI yojanA bhAI sudIpajI ne svayaM kI hai, aisA spaSTa pratIta ho rahA hai| pro0 TA~TiyAjI jaise bauddha vidyA ke prakANDa vidvAn aisI AdhArahIna bAteM kara sakate haiM--- yaha vizvasanIya nahIM lagatA hai| DaoN0 sudIpajI ne isameM zabdoM kI tor3a-maror3a kI hai| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki prAkRtavidyA, janavarI-mArca 1996 meM unhoMne TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se likhA hai ki "bauddhoM ne bAda meM ... yojanApUrvaka zaurasenI meM nibaddha bauddha sAhitya kA mAgadhIkaraNa kiyA aura zaurasenI nibaddha bauddha sAhitya ke granthoM ko agnisAta kara diyA gayA jabaki prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitambara 1996 meM likhA hai ki "bauddhoM ke grantha zaurasenI meM the unako jalA diyA gayA aura pAli meM likhA gyaa|" isa prakAra sudIpajI TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se eka jagaha likhate haiM ki bauddha granthoM kA mAgadhIkaraNa kiyA gayA jabaki dUsarI jagaha likhate haiM ki pAli meM likhA gayA- ina donoM meM saca kyA hai? TA~TiyAjI ne to koI eka hI bAta kahI hogii| mAgadhI aura pAli donoM alaga-alaga bhASAe~ haiN| satya to yaha hai ki bauddha sAhitya mAgadhI se pAli meM likhA gayA thA na ki zaurasenI se pAli meN| isase yaha bhI siddha * Preface to R.S. Childer's A dictionary of the Pali Language.'P.xiii.

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44 ho jAtA hai ki sudIpajI ne TA~TiyAjI ke zabdoM meM tor3a-maror3a kI hai| 9. "karma-siddhAnta ke bahuta se rahasyoM ko jaba hama (zvetAmbara) nahIM samajha pAte haiM, taba hama 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke sahAre se hI unako samajhate haiN| 'SaTakhaNDAgama' meM karma-siddhAnta ke samasta koNoM ko bar3e vaijJAnika DhaMga se rakhA gayA hai|" yaha satya hai ki 'SaTkhaNDAgama' meM jaina karma-siddhAnta kA gambhIra evaM vizada vivecana hai| isalie yaha svAbhAvika hai ki karma-siddhAnta ke rahasyoM ko udghATita karane ke liye zvetAmbaroM ko bhI kabhI-kabhI usakA sahArA lenA hotA hai; kintu unheM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki 'SaTakhaNDAgama' mUlataH digambara sampradAya kA grantha na hokara usa vilupta yApanIya sampradAya kA grantha hai, jo ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unameM pratipAdita strI-mukti ke siddhAnta ko mAnya rakhatA thA, jisakA pramANa usake prathama khaNDa kA 93vA~ sUtra hai jisameM se 'saMjada' zabda ke prayoga ko haTAne kA digambara vidvAnoM ne upakrama bhI kiyA thA aura prathama saMskaraNa ko mudrita karate samaya use haTA bhI diyA thA, yadyapi bAda meM use rakhanA par3A, kyoMki use haTAne para usa sUtra kI dhavalA TIkA gar3abar3A jAtI thii| isa grantha ke sambandha meM vistRta carcA maiMne apanI pustaka "jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya" ke tRtIya adhyAya meM kI hai aura prastuta prasaMga meM kevala itanA batA denA paryApta hai ki yaha 'SaTakhaNDAgama' mUlata: 'prajJApanA' Adi ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai aura isake prathama khaNDa kI 'jIvasamAsa' kI viSayavastu se bahuta kucha samarUpatA hai aura donoM eka hI kAla kI kRtiyA~ haiN| isa sambandha meM vistRta vivecana 'jIvasamAsa' kI bhUmikA meM kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki 'SaTkhaNDAgama' meM pratipAdita jaina karma-siddhAnta ke itihAsa ko samajhane ke liye ardhamAgadhI AgamoM evaM zvetAmbara karma sAhitya kA adhyayana bhI utanA hI jarUrI hai jitanA 'SaTakhaNDAgama' kaa| maiM svayaM bhI jaina karma-siddhAnta ke vikasita svarUpa ke gambhIra vivecana kI dRSTi se 'SaTakhaNDAgama' ke mUlya aura mahattva ko svIkAra karatA hU~; kintu isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki ardhamAgadhI AgamoM evaM zvetAmbara AcAryoM dvArA praNIta prAcIna karma-sAhitya ko nakAra diyA jaave| 10. "haribhadrasUri kA sArA 'yogazataka' 'dhavalA' se hai| 'dhavalA' samasta jainadarzana aura jJAna kA agAdha bhaNDAra hai| 'dhavalA' meM kyA nahIM hai?" __ haribhadrasUri kA sArA 'yogazataka' 'dhavalA' se hai isa kathana kA artha yaha hai ki haribhadra ne 'yogazataka' ko 'dhavalA' se liyA hai| yaha vizvAsa nahIM hotA ki TA~TiyAjI jaise praur3ha vidvAn ko jaina itihAsa kA itanA bhI bodha nahIM hai ki 'dhavalA' aura haribhadra ke 'yogazataka' meM kauna prAcIna hai? aneka pramANoM se yaha susthApita ho cukA hai ki 'dhavalA' kI racanA navIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM huI jabaki

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45 haribhadra AThavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiN| satya to yaha hai ki haribhadrasari ke 'yogazataka' se dhavalAkAra ne liyA hai, ata: TA~TiyAjI jaise vidvAn ke nAma se aitihAsika satya ko bhI ulaTa denA kahA~ taka ucita hai? dhavalAkAra hI haribhadrasUri ke RNI haiM, haribhadrasUri dhavalAkAra ke RNI nahIM haiN| yaha satya hai ki 'dhavalA' meM aneka bAteM saMkalita kara lI gayI haiM; kintu aneka tathyoM kA saMkalana karane mAtra se koI grantha mahattvapUrNa nahIM bana jAtA hai| puna: yaha kahanA ki 'dhavalA' meM kyA nahIM hai, eka atizayoktipUrNa kathana ke alAvA kucha nahIM hai| jaina vidyA ke aneka pakSa aise haiM jinakI 'dhavalA' meM koI carcA hI nahIM hai| 'dhavalA' mUlata: 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kI TIkA hai, jo jaina karma-siddhAnta kA grantha hai ata: usakA bhI mUla pratipAdya to jaina karma-siddhAnta hI hai, anya viSaya to prasaMgavaza samAhita kara liye gaye haiN| 'dhavalA' meM kyA nahIM hai? isa kathana kA yaha Azaya lagA lenA ki 'dhavalA' meM saba kucha hai, eka bhrAnti hogii| 'pravacanasAroddhAra' Adi aneka zvetAmbara granthoM kA viSaya vaividhya 'dhavalA' se bhI adhika hai| 11. "AcArya vIrasena bahuzruta vidvAn the| unhoMne samasta digambara-zvetAmbara sAhitya kA gahana avalokana kiyA thaa|" __ AcArya vIrasena eka bahuzruta vidvAn the, yaha mAnane meM kisI ko bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai; kintu vahI ekamAtra bahuzruta vidvAn hue hoM, aisA bhI nahIM hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAoM meM aise aneka bahuzruta vidvAn hue haiN| puna: unhoMne zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA ho, yaha mAnane meM bhI kisI ko bAdhA nahIM ho sakatI hai; kintu yaha kahanA ki unhoMne samasta digambara-zvetAmbara sAhitya kA gahana avalokana kiyA thA, atizayoktipUrNa kathana hI hai| 'dhavalA' meM aise aneka sthala haiM, jo zvetAmbara-paramparA aura usake granthoM se unake paricita na hone kA saMketa karate haiN| sAtha hI unake kAla taka zvetAmbara-digambara sAhitya itanA vipula thA ki usa sabakA gahana adhyayana kara lenA eka vyakti ke liye kisI bhI sthiti meM sambhava nahIM thaa| adhika to kyA? jisa yApanIya-paramparA ke grantha para unhoMne TIkA likhI usakI aneka mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM unhoMne koI saMketa taka nahIM diyaa| usa yuga ke zvetAmbara AgamoM, yApanIya granthoM aura svayaM apanI hI paramparA ke AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM dhavalAkAra kA jJAna kitanA sImita thA yaha to unakI TIkA se hI spaSTa hai| 12. "jaina-darzana kA hara viSaya kramabaddha (systematic) rUpa meM zaurasenI sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai|" yaha satya hai ki zaurasenI sAhitya meM jaina darzana se sambandhita jina viSayoM kI

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46 vivecanA kI gayI hai, vaha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI apekSA adhika suvyavasthita hai; kintu isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zaurasenI sAhitya jisa kAla meM nirmita huA usa kAla taka jainadarzana ke vibhinna siddhAnta vyavasthita rUpa se vikasita ho cuke the| kisI bhI siddhAnta kA vikAsa eka kAlakrama meM hotA hai| kramabaddhatA aura vyavasthA to usa antima sthiti kI paricAyaka hai jaba vaha siddhAnta apane vikAsa kI carama avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| zaurasenI sAhitya meM jaina darzana ke vibhinna siddhAnta vyavasthita aura kramabaddha rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM, yaha to isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki zaurasenI sAhitya ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya se paravartI hai aura usI ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai| paravartIkAlIna racanAoM kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki ve apane pUrvakAlIna racanAoM kI kamiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kara apane viSaya ko adhika vyavasthita aura kramabaddha rUpa meM prastuta karatI haiN| ata: zaurasenI sAhitya meM varNita viSayoM kA adhika vyavasthita aura kramabaddha honA isI tathya kA sUcaka hai ki ve ardhamAgadhI AgamoM se paravartI haiN| puna: isa kathana kA yaha Azaya bhI nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki ardhamAgadhI sAhitya meM kramabaddhatA aura vyavasthA kA abhAva hai| ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhI gayI zvetAmbara-paramparA kI aneka paravartIkAlIna racanAoM meM bhI aisI hI vyavasthA aura kramabaddhatA upalabdha hotI hai| siddhasena divAkara, mallavAdI, jinabhadragaNi, haribhadra, siddharSi, hemacandra Adi kI racanAoM meM bhI aisI hI viSaya kI susambaddhatA evaM suspaSTatA hai|| 13. "zvetAmbara aura digambara'' donoM eka dUsare ke sahAyaka bniye| AdaraNIya TA~TiyAjI kA yaha sujhAva to hama sabhI ko svIkAra karane yogya hai| vastuta: yadi hameM jaina dharma-darzana ke samagra svarUpa ko samajhanA yA prastuta karanA hai, to paraspara eka dUsare kA sahayoga apekSita hai, kyoMki donoM paramparAe~ paraspara milakara hI jainadharma aura saMskRti kA eka sampUrNa citra prastuta kara sakatI haiM; kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki eka dUsare kI AlocanA athavA dUsare ko heya mAnakara apanI zreSThatA kA bar3ha-car3ha kara dAvA karanA, isa dizA meM kathamapi sahAyaka nahIM ho skegaa| hameM apanI paramparAoM kI vizeSatA ko ujAgara karane kA adhikAra to hai; kintu dUsare pakSa ko hIna yA nIcA dikhAkara nhiiN| hameM apanI bAtoM ko isa taraha se prastuta karanA cAhie ki ve dUsare kI asmitA aura garimA ko khaNDita na kreN| apekSA to yaha bhI kI jAnI cAhie ki hama dUsare pakSa meM nihita acchAiyoM ko bhI svIkAra karane ke liye tatpara raheM aura isa prakAra apanI udAra dRSTi kA paricaya deM! pro0 TA~TiyAjI ne zaurasenI sAhitya aura digambara-paramparA kI acchAiyoM ko ujAgara karake apanI udAra dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai; kintu use tor3a-maror3a kara isa taraha kyoM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai ki jisase ardhamAgadhI sAhitya aura zvetAmbara samAja kI asmitA ko AghAta lge|

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14. "isa vyAkhyAna meM TaoNTiyAjI ne dhavalA, SaTkhaNDAgama, vIrasena, kundakunda, mUlAcAra, AtmakhyAti, amRtacandra Adi kI bhI khulakara prazaMsA kii|" 47 nizcaya hI 'SaTkhaNDAgama', usakI 'dhavalA' TIkA aura TIkAkAra vIrasena kA jaina karma - siddhAnta ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai, jise jaina darzana kA koI bhI adhyetA asvIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| isI prakAra AcArya kundakunda ke 'samayasAra' aura amRtacandra kI 'AtmakhyAti' TIkA ke kalazoM kA jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke kSetra meM jo mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai usake AdhAra para unheM jaina adhyAtmarUpI mandira kA svarNakalaza kaha sakate haiN| AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI ne una granthoM aura granthakAroM kI prazaMsA kara apanI udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai aura isa prakAra apanA karttavya pUrNa kiyA hai| jaina vidyA kA koI bhI taTastha vidvAn ina granthoM aura granthakAroM ke mahattva aura mUlya ko asvIkAra nahIM karegA; kintu bhAI sudIpajI ko isa prazaMsA kA yaha Azaya nahIM lagAnA cAhie ki kevala digambara- paramparA meM yA kevala zaurasenI sAhitya ke kSetra meM hI uccakoTi ke vidvAn hue haiM aura mahattvapUrNa grantha likhe gaye haiN| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM bhI siddhasena divAkara, mallavAdI, jinabhadragaNi, haribhadra, hemacandra Adi aneka vidvAn hue haiM aura unakI racanAoM kA bhI mahattva evaM mUlya kama nahIM haiN| yadi prAkRtavidyA ko vastutaH prAkRtavidyA kA nAma sArthaka karanA hai to use prAkRta kI vibhinna vidhAoM yathA ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI, apabhraMza sabhI ko samAna rUpa se mahattva denA caahie| yadi unheM kevala zaurasenI kA hI guNagAna karanA hai aura dUsarI prAkRtoM ko heya dikhAnA hai to patrikA kA nAma zaurasenI prAkRtavidyA yA zaurasenI vidyA rakha lenA caahie| kevala zaurasenI hI prAkRta hai, usI se samasta prAkRtoM kA janma huA hai aura usI meM hI satsAhitya kA sarjana huA hai, aisA kathana satya nahIM hai| prAkRta kI anya vidhAoM meM bhI uttama koTi ke grantha likhe gaye haiM aura zIrSastha viddhAn hue haiN| ataH unheM heya samajha kara kisI bhI prakAra kI anabhijJatA aura ajJAnatA ko bIca meM lAkara prAkRtavidyA ke mahattva ko ghaTAne kA upakrama nahIM hone denA caahie| maiM prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka bhAI sudIpajI se yaha nivedana karanA cAhU~gA ki yA to ve AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI ke vyAkhyAna kI Tepa ko avikala rUpa se yathAvat prakAzita kara deM yA usa Tepa ko jo cAheM unheM upalabdha karA deM tAki use prakAzita karake yaha nirarthaka vivAda samApta kiyA jA ske|

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zaurasenI prAkRta ke sambandha meM pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa kI sthApanAoM kI samIkSA 'prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ke vyAkhyAna meM ubharakara Aye kucha vicAra-binduoM ko 'prAkRta-vidyA', janavarI-mArca 1997 ke apane sampAdakIya meM prastuta kiyA hai| hama yahA~ sarvaprathama pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ke nAma se prastuta una vicAra-binduoM ko avikala rUpa se dekara phira unakI samIkSA kreNge| DaoN0 sudIpa jaina likhate haiM ki "prAkRta bhASA isa deza kI mUla bhASA rahI hai aura prAkRta ke vividha rUpoM meM bhI zaurasenI prAkRta hI mUla prAkRta thI, isakI samavartI mAgadhI prAkRta isI kA kSetrIyasaMskaraNa' thii| zaurasenI prAkRta madhya deza meM bolI jAtI thI tathA sampUrNa bRhattara bhArata meM isake mAdhyama se sAhitya-sRjana hotA rahA hai isIlie zaurasenI prAkRta hI anya sabhI prAkRtoM evaM lokabhASAoM kI jananI rahI hai| pahile mUla do hI prAkRteM thI-zaurasenI aura maagdhii| paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta pUrI taraha se zaurasenI kA hI parivartita rUpa hai| 'mahArASTrI' kA koI svatantra astitva maiM nahIM maantaa| yahI nahIM, 'ardhamAgadhI' prAkRta, jo ki mAtra zvetAmbara jaina Agama-granthoM meM hI milatI hai, kA AdhAra bhI zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai| isake bAda parizuddha zaurasenI bhASA 'kasAyapAhuDasutta', 'chakkhaNDAgamasutta', kundakunda-sAhitya evaM 'dhavalA' - 'jayadhavalA' Adi meM prayukta milatI hai| digambara jaina sAhitya kI zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA akRtrima, svAbhAvika evaM vAstavika janabhASA hai| yahI nahIM, bauddha granthoM kI bhASA mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai, jise kRtrima rUpa se saMskRtaniSTha banAkara pUrvadezIya prabhAvoM ke sAtha pAli rUpa diyA gyaa| use khIMca-tAnakara prAcIna banAne kI koziza kI gayI hai, jisase usakI vAkyaracanA meM jaTilatA A gayI hai| isI kAraNa maiM zaurasenI ko hI mUla prAkRta bhASA mAnatA huuN| mAgadhI bhI lagabhaga itanI hI prAcIna hai, parantu vastutaH usameM pUrvIya uccAraNa-bheda ke atirikta anya koI antara nahIM hai, mUlataH vaha bhI zaurasenI hI hai|" -pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa (prAkRtavidyA, janavarI-mArca 1997, pR0 17)

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49 yadyapi ina vicArabinduoM meM adhikAMza ve hI haiM, jinheM nathamalajI TA~TiyA ke vyAkhyAna ke sandarbha meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA haiN| isa prakAra pro0 vyAsajI ke vyAkhyAna meM ubharakara Aye vicAra-binduoM meM yadyapi koI navIna mudde sAmane nahIM Aye haiM phira bhI yahA~ unakI samIkSA kara lenA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| 1. "zaurasenI prAkRta hI mUla prAkRta thI, isakI samavartI mAgadhI prAkRta isakA kSetrIya saMskaraNa thii|" zaurasenI prAkRta yadi mUla prAkRta thI, to phira bhAsa ke nATakoM (IsA kI dUsarI zatI) ke pUrva ke prAkRta abhilekhoM aura prAkRta ke granthoM meM zaurasenI kI pravRttiyA~ arthAt madhyavartI "t" ke sthAna para "d' evaM "n" ke sthAna para "Na" kyoM nahIM dikhAyI detI hai? isa sambandha meM hama vistAra se carcA apane anya lekhoM 'jaina AgamoM kI malabhASA-ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI', 'azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA'2 Adi meM kara rahe haiN| satyatA yaha hai ki IsA kI dUsarI zatI ke pUrva usa zaurasenI prAkRta kA kahIM koI atA-patA hI nahIM thA, jise mUla prAkRta kahA jA rahA hai| pro0 vyAsajI kA yaha kathana ki 'mAgadhI prAkRta zaurasenI prAkRta kA kSetrIya saMskaraNa thI', yaha bhASA-zAstrIya Thosa pramANoM para AdhArita nahIM hai, kyoMki mUlataH sabhI prAkRteM apanI-apanI kSetrIya boliyoM se hI vikasita huI haiN| mAgadhI, paizAcI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi prAkRtoM ko prAkRta bhASA ke kSetrIya saMskaraNa to kahA jA sakatA hai; kintu inameM se kisI ko bhI mUla aura dUsarI ko usakA kSetrIya saMskaraNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| inameM se kisI ko mAtA aura kisI ko putrI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ye to sabhI bahaneM haiN| yadi hama kAlakrama kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to hameM yahI mAnanA hogA ki likhita bhASA ke rUpa meM mAgadhI hI sabase prAcIna prAkRta hai| ata: isa dRSTi se pro0 vyAsajI kA yaha samIkaraNa ulaTa jAyegA aura unheM yaha mAnanA hogA ki mAgadhI mUla prAkRta hai aura zaurasenI prAkRta mAgadhI prAkRta kA eka kSetrIya saMskaraNa hai| 2.zaurasenI prAkRta madhya-deza meM bolI jAtI thI tathA sampUrNa bRhattara bhArata meM isake mAdhyama se sAhitya sRjana hotA rhaa|" 1. "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI', DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, * jinavANI, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, apraila, maI, jUna evaM sitambara aMka, 1998 / jJAtavya hai ki yaha lekha isa kRti meM isI nAma se prakAzita hai| 'azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA mAgadhI yA zaurasenI', jainavidyA ke vividha AyAma, khaNDa 6, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1998, pR0 708-711 / yaha lekha bhI isI kRti meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai|

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50 yaha to satya hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta madhya- deza meM bolI jAtI thI; kintu pro0 vyAsa kA yaha kathana ki sampUrNa bhArata meM isake mAdhyama se sAhitya sRjana hotA rahA hai, sAhityika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para mAtra eka atizayokti se adhika kucha nahIM hai, kyoMki nATakoM ke zaurasenI aMzoM ko chor3akara hameM zaurasenI prAkRta meM koI bhI dharma yA sampradAya nirapekSa sampUrNa grantha upalabdha nahIM hai / zaurasenI prAkRta meM jo bhI grantha upalabdha hote haiM, ve mAtra jainoM ke digambara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM ke haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki ina sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne cAhe ve uttara bhArata ke hoM yA dakSiNa bhArata ke, zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI apane grantha likhe the; kintu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki usI kAla meM zvetAmbara jaina AcArya ardhamAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI prabhAvita mahArASTrI prAkRta meM apanI dhArmika evaM sAhityika kRtiyoM kI racanA kara rahe the| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, usI kAla meM dharma evaM sampradAya nirapekSa sAhityika kRtiyoM kI racanA bhI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM ho rahI thii| jahA~ zaurasenI prAkRta meM sampradAya nirapekSa sAhityika grantha anupalabdha haiM, vahIM mahArASTrI prAkRta meM aise anekoM grantha upalabdha haiN| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki dharma-nirapekSa sAhityika kRtiyoM kI racanA kI dRSTi se mahArASTrI prAkRta hI adhika pracalana meM thii| Aja zaurasenI prAkRta kI apekSA mahArASTrI prAkRta ke adhika vyApaka hone kA pramANa hai| ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki zaurasenI kI apekSA mahArASTrI prAkRta adhika vyApaka rahI hai aura usake mAdhyama se dhArmika aura dharmanirapekSa donoM hI prakAra ke sAhitya kA sRjana bhArata meM hotA rahA hai| 3. "zaurasenI prAkRta hI sabhI prAkRtoM evaM anya bhASAoM kI jananI hai| " isa prazna ke sambandha meM bhI hama apane pUrva lekhoM meM vistAra se carcA kara cuke haiN| satya to yaha hai ki sabhI prAkRteM apanI-apanI kSetrIya boliyoM se vikasita huI haiM aura isalie yaha kahanA kisI bhI sthiti meM yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta hI sabhI prAkRtoM yA anya bhASAoM kI jananI hai| kisI bhI eka prAkRta ko dUsarI prAkRta se utpanna huA mAnanA eka bhrAnti hai| sabhI sAhityika prAkRteM apanI-apanI kSetrIya boliyoM ke saMskArita rUpa haiN| pratyeka kSetrIya bolI kI uccAraNagata apanI vizeSatA hotI hai, jo usa kSetra kI bhASA kI bhI vizeSatA bana jAtI hai| ye uccAraNagata kSetrIya vizeSatAe~ pratyeka kSetra kI nijI hotI haiM, ve kisI bhI dUsare kSetra ke prabhAva se utpanna nahIM hotI haiN| ataH pratyeka prAkRta apanI-apanI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha apanI kSetrIya 1. " jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI", DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, jinavANI, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, aMka- apraila, maI, jUna evaM sitambara aMka 1998 / jJAtavya hai ki yaha lekha isa kRti meM bhI isI nAma se prakAzita hai|

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51 bolI se janma letI hai, kisI dUsarI prAkata se nhiiN| jaise mAravAr3I, mevAr3I, mAlavI, bundelI, braja, avadhI, bhojapurI, maithilI Adi boliyoM ko kisI eka bolI vizeSa se yA hindI se utpanna mAnanA avaijJAnika hai evaM eka bhrAnti hai aura koI bhI bhASAzAstrI isa tathya ko svIkAra nahIM karegA; vaise hI kisI eka prAkRta vizeSa ko bhI dUsarI prAkRta se yA saMskRta se utpanna mAnanA bhI eka bhrAnti hai| 4. "pahale do prAkRteM thIM zaurasenI aura mAgadhI; mahArASTrI prAkRta pUrI taraha se zaurasenI kA hI paravartI rUpa hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta kA maiM koI svatantra astitva nahIM maantaa|" prathama to yaha kahanA ki mahArASTrI prAkRta zaurasenI kA hI paravartI rUpa hai, ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI Adi sabhI prAkRtoM kI apanI-apanI vizeSatAe~ haiM, jahA~ zaurasenI prAkRta meM madhyavartI 't' kA 'd' meM parivartana hotA hai vahA~ mahArASTrI prAkRta meM lupta vyaJjanoM kI 'ya'-zruti hotI hai| punaH zaurasenI kI apekSA mahArASTrI prAkRta komala aura kAnta hai vahA~ zaurasenI kaThora padAvaliyoM se yukta hai, yathA- 'vaddhamAna' kA vddddmaann'| puna: jaba donoM kI apanI-apanI lakSaNagata bhinnatA hai, to phira yaha kahanA ki maiM mahArASTrI prAkRta kA koI svatantra astitva nahIM mAnatA hU~, ucita nahIM hai| . Aja yadi prAkRtoM meM kisI prAkRta kA sarvAdhika sAhitya hai to vaha mahArASTrI prAkRta kA hI hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta ke sAhitya kI tulanA meM zeSa sabhI prAkRtoM kA sAhitya to dazamAMza bhI nahIM hai, jisameM 90 pratizata sAhitya ho usa prAkRta kA svatantra astitva nahIM mAnanA, kevala pakSAgraha kA hI sUcaka hai| puna: yadi mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI meM antara nahIM hai to phira zaurasenI nAma kA Agraha hI kyoM? Aja eka bhI aisA sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika pramANa nahIM hai, jisase yaha siddha ho sake ki zaurasenI prAcIna hai aura mahArASTrI paravartI hai| azvaghoSa yA bhAsa ke nATakoM se arthAt IsvI san kI dUsarI zatI se pUrva kA eka bhI sAhityika yA abhilekhIya pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai, jisake AdhAra para zaurasenI kI anya prAkRtoM se prAcInatA siddha ho sake jabaki sAtavAhana hAla kI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita 'gAthAsaptazatI' unase prAcIna hai, kyoMki sAtavAhana hAla kA kAla prathama zatI mAnA jAtA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, 'gAthAsaptazatI' bhI eka saMgraha grantha hai aura isakI anekoM gAthAe~ usase bhI pUrva racita haiM ata: paravartI bhASA mahArASTrI nahIM, zaurasenI hI hai| 5. "ardhamAgadhI prAkRta jo mAtra zvetAmbara jaina AgamoM meM milatI hai, kA AdhAra zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai|" isa sambandha meM bhI vistAra se carcA maiM isI grantha meM prakAzita apane svatantra 1. vahI, aMka jUna 1998, pR0 23-28

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lekha 'AgamoM kI mUla bhASA zaurasenI yA ardhamAgadhI' meM kara cukA huuN| yaha ThIka hai ki ardhamAgadhI meM mAgadhI ke atirikta anya kSetrIya boliyoM ke zabda-rUpa bhI milate haiN| yadyapi ardhamAgadhI meM aneka sthAnoM para 'ra' kA 'la' vikalpa se to hotA hI hai, kintu isameM mAgadhI ke kucha lakSaNa jaise sarvatra "ra" kA "la", "s' kA "za" nahIM milate haiM, phira bhI yaha sunizcita satya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vacanoM ke AdhAra para sarvaprathama isI ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM Agama aura Agamatulya granthoM kI racanA huI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha kahane kA kyA artha hai ki ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA AdhAra zaurasenI prAkRta hai| isake viparIta siddha to yahI hotA hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta kA AdhAra ardhamAgadhI hai, kyoMki zaurasenI AgamoM meM ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura mahArASTrI ke hajAroM zabda-rUpa hI nahIM, apitu hajAroM gAthAe~ bhI milatI haiM, isakI sapramANa carcA bhI hama apane pUrva lekha meM kara cuke haiN| puna: Agamika ullekhoM se bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane pravacana ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM diye the aura unhIM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM ne usI bhASA meM grantha racanA kI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake gaNadharoM kI mAtRbhASA mAgadhI thI, na ki zaurasenI, kyoMki ve sabhI magadha meM hI janme the| kyA pro0 vyAsajI bhASAzAstrIya, sAhityika yA abhilekhIya pramANoM se yaha siddha kara sakate haiM ki zvetAmbara AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA AdhAra zaurasenI prAkRta yA usameM racita grantha haiM? upalabdha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM yathA AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, RSibhASita Adi ko pAzcAtya evaM paurvAtya sabhI vidvAnoM ne IsvI pUrva kI racanAe~ mAnI haiM, jabaki koI bhI zaurasenI Agama IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke pUrva kA nahIM hai| isase siddha yahI hotA hai ki zaurasenI AgasoM kA AdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane 'prAkRta vyAkaraNa' meM zaurasenI prAkRta ke viziSTa lakSaNoM kI carcA karane ke bAda anta meM yaha kahA- 'zeSaM prAkRtavat', isa sUtra se kyA yahI siddha kiyA jAya ki zaurasenI prAkRta kA AdhAra mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| jJAtavya hai ki hemacandra kA 'prAkRta' se tAtparya 'mahArASTrI prAkRta' hI hai, kyoMki unhoMne prAkRta ke nAma se mahArASTrI prAkRta kAhI vyAkaraNa likhA hai| 6. "zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcInatama rUpa samrATa azoka ke giranAra ke zilAlekha meM milate haiN|" __isa sambandha meM bhI vistRta vivecana hama apane svatantra lekha 'azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA mAgadhI yA zaurasenI' meM kara rahe haiN| sabhI vidvAnoM ne eka svara se isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA mAgadhI yA ArSaprAkRta hI hai,

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yadyapi abhilekhoM para tat-tat kSetra kI boliyoM kA kiJcit prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| zaurasenI prAkRta ke jo do viziSTa lakSaNa mAne jAte haiM- madhyavartI "t" ke sthAna para "d" aura dantya "n' ke sthAna para mUrdhanya "N" - ye donoM lakSaNa azoka ke kisI bhI abhilekha meM prAya: nahIM pAye jAte haiN| ata: hameM azoka ke bhitra-bhinna abhilekhoM kI bhASA ko tat-tat pradezoM kI kSetrIya boliyoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI hI mAnanA hogaa| ina kSetrIya boliyoM ke prabhAva ke AdhAra para use ardhamAgadhI ke nikaTa to kaha sakate haiM; kintu zaurasenI kadApi nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki unameM zaurasenI kA koI bhI viziSTa lakSaNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| eka do apavAdoM ko chor3akara azoka ke abhilekhoM meM na to kahIM madhyavartI "t" kA "d" pAyA jAtA hai aura na kahIM dantya "na" ke sthAna para mUrdhanya "Na" kA prayoga milatA hai| unameM sarvatra hI dantya "n' kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| jahA~ taka pro0 vyAsajI ke isa kathana kA prazna hai ki "zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcInatama rUpa samrATa azoka ke giranAra ke zilAlekha meM milate haiM' isa viSaya meM hama unase yahI jAnanA cAheMge ki kyA giranAra ke kisI bhI zilAlekha meM madhyavartI "t" ke sthAna para "d' kA prayoga huA hai? jahA~ taka mUrdhanya "Na" kA prazna hai vaha zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI donoM meM samAna rUpa se hI pAyA jAtA hai phira bhI usakA azoka ke abhilekhoM meM kahIM prayoga nahIM huA hai| hama unase sAgraha nivedana karanA cAheMge ki ve giranAra ke abhilekhoM meM una zabda-rUpoM ko chor3akara jo zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI donoM meM hI pAye jAte haiM, zaurasenI ke viziSTa lakSaNayukta zabda-rUpa dikhAyeM jo ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ke zabda-rUpoM se bhinna hoM aura mAtra zaurasenI kI viziSTatA ko liye hue hoN| yahA~ para hameM yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki giranAra kA kSetra to mahArASTrI prAkRta kA kSetra hai| giranAra ke abhilekhoM meM jinheM ve zaurasenI prAkRta ke zabda-rUpa mAna rahe haiM ve vastuta: mahArASTrI prAkRta ke zabda-rUpa haiN| ata: giranAra ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA ko zaurasenI prAkRta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| puna: giranAra kI bAta to dUra rahI svayaM zaurasenI prAkRta ke kSetra dehalI-ToparA ke azoka ke abhilekhoM meM kahIM bhI zaurasenI ke viziSTa lakSaNa nahIM pAye jAte haiM apitu vahA~ para 'lAjA' jaise mAgadhI rUpa hI milate haiN| phira ve kisa AdhAra para yaha kahate haiM ki giranAra ke zilAlekhoM meM zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcInatama rUpa milate haiN| 7. "isI krama meM Age pro0 vyAsajI kahate haiM- isake bAda parizuddha zaurasenI bhASA 'kasAyapAhuDasutta', 'chakkhaNDAgamasutta', kundakunda sAhitya evaM 'dhavalA', 'jayadhavalA' Adi meM prayukta milatI hai|"

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54 pro0 vyAsajI ne uparokta granthoM kI bhASA ko parizuddha zaurasenI kahA hai| maiM pro0 vyAsajI se atyanta vinamra zabdoM meM yaha pUchanA cAhU~gA ki kyA ina granthoM ke zabda-rUpoM kA bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se unhoMne koI vizleSaNa kiyA haiM? kyA ina granthoM ke sandarbha meM unakA adhyayana pro0 upAdhye aura pro0 khaDabaDI jaise digambara-paramparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAnoM kI apekSA bhI adhika gahana hai| Aja taka kisI bhI vidvAn ne digambara AgamoM kI bhASA ko parizuddha zaurasenI nahIM mAnA hai| pro0 e0ena0 upAdhye ne 'pravacanasAra' kI bhUmikA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki usakI (pravacanasAra kI) bhASA para ardhamAgadhI kA prabhAva hai| pro0 khar3abar3I chakkhaNDAgama kI bhASA ko bhI zuddha zaurasenI nahIM mAnate haiM aura usa para ardhamAgadhI kA prabhAva batAte haiN| yadi hama ina sabhI granthoM ke zabda-rUpoM kA bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se vizleSaNa kareM to spaSTa rUpa se hameM eka do nahIM parantu saikar3oM aura hajAroM zabda-rUpa mahArASTrI aura ardhamAgadhI prAkRta ke mileNge| __maiMne apane pUrva lekha 'jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI' meM vistAra se isa sambandha meM bhI carcA kI hai| pro0 vyAsajI jise parizuddha zaurasenI kaha rahe haiM vaha to ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI kI eka prakAra kI khicar3I hai| zaurasenI ke pratyeka grantha meM ina vibhinna prAkRtoM kA anupAta bhI bhinna-bhinna pAyA jAtA hai| 8. "bauddha granthoM kI pAli bhASA bhI mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta hI thI, jise kRtrima rUpa se saMskRtaniSTha banAkara pUrva-dezIya prabhAvoM ke sAtha pAli-rUpa diyA gyaa|" ____ bauddha granthoM kI mUla bhASA kyA thI aura use kisa prakAra pAli meM rUpAntarita kiyA gayA, isakI bhI vistRta sapramANa samIkSA hama apane "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI' nAmaka lekha meM kara cuke haiN| usa lekha meM hamane spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki bhagavAn buddha kA kAryakSetra mukhyata: magadha aura usakA samIpavartI pradeza rahA hai| unhoMne unakI mAtRbhASA mAgadhI meM hI apane upadeza diye the aura unake upadezoM kA prathama saMkalana bhI mAgadhI meM hI huA thaa| yaha satya hai ki kAlAntara meM use saMskRta ke nikaTavartI banAkara pAli rUpa diyA gayA; kintu use kisI bhI rUpa meM zaurasenI prAkRta nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| use khIMcatAna kara zaurasenI batAne kA prayatna eka durAgraha mAtra hI hogaa| 9. "maiM zaurasenI ko hI mUla prAkRta bhASA mAnatA huuN|" hameM yahA~ pro0 vyAsajI ke dvArA khar3I kI gayI isa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa karanA hogA ki sabhI prAkRteM zaurasenIjanya haiN| apane vyAkhyAna meM ve eka sthAna para kahate haiM 1-2. jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, jinavANI, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, aMka apraila,maI,jUna 1998.

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55 ki "zaurasenI prAkRta hI mUla prAkRta thI aura isakI samavartI mAgadhI prAkRta isI kA kSetrIya saskaraNa thii|" puna: ve kahate haiM ki "paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta pUrI taraha se zaurasenI kA hI parivartita rUpa hai, mahArASTrI prAkRta kA svatantra astitva maiM nahIM maantaa|" punaH ve kahate haiM ki ardhamAgadhI prAkRta jo ki mAtra zvetAmbara jaina Agama-granthoM meM milatI hai usakA AdhAra bhI zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai| isI krama meM Age ve kahate haiM ki "bauddha granthoM kI pAli bhASA bhI mUlata: zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai|" unake ina saba kathanoM kA niSkarSa to yaha hai ki mAgadhI bhI zaurasenI hai, mahArASTrI bhI zaurasenI hai, ardhamAgadhI bhI zaurasenI hai aura pAli bhI zaurasenI hai| yadi mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI sabhI zaurasenI haiM, to phira yaha saba alaga-alaga bhASAe~ kyoM mAnI jAtI haiM aura vyAkaraNa-granthoM meM inake alaga-alaga lakSaNa kyoM nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM? mAgadhI, zaurasenI, Adi sabhI prAkRtoM ke apane viziSTa lakSaNa haiM, jo usase bhinna anya prAkRta meM nahIM milate haiM, phira ve saba eka kaise kahI jA sakatI haiN| yadi mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI sabhI zaurasenI haiM to ina sabhI ke viziSTa lakSaNoM ko bhI zaurasenI ke hI lakSaNa mAnane hoMge aura aisI sthiti meM zaurasenI kA koI bhI viziSTa lakSaNa nahIM raha jAyegA; kintu kyA zaurasenI ke viziSTa lakSaNoM ke abhAva meM use zaurasenI nAma bhI diyA jA sakegA? vaha to parizuddha zaurasenI na ho karake mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI kI aisI khicar3I hogI jise zaurasenI na kahakara ardhamAgadhI kahanA hI ucita hogA, kyoMki ardhamAgadhI kA hI yaha lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki ardhamAgadhI kA lakSaNa yahI hai ki usameM mAgadhI ke sAtha-sAtha anya kSetrIya boliyoM ke zabda-rUpa bhI pAye jAte haiN| 10. "maiM zaurasenI ko hI mUla prAkRta mAnatA hU~, mAgadhI bhI lagabhaga itanI hI prAcIna hai, parantu vastutaH usameM pUrvI uccAraNa-bheda ke atirikta koI antara nahIM hai| mUlataH yaha bhI zaurasenI hI hai|" ___ maiM pro0 vyAsajI se savinaya yaha pUchanA cAhU~gA ki yadi zaurasenI hI mUla prAkRta bhASA hai to kyA isakA koI abhilekhIya yA sAhityika pramANa hai? 'prakRtiH zaurasenI' ke jisa sUtra ko lekara zaurasenI ko mUla prAkRta bhASA kahA jA rahA hai usameM 'prakRti' zabda kA kyA artha hai isakI vistRta samIkSA bhI hama pUrva lekha "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI" meM kara cuke haiN| puna: pro0 vyAsajI kA yaha kathana ki mAgadhI bhI lagabhaga itanI hI prAcIna hai, yahI siddha karatA hai ki mAgadhI prAkRta zaurasenI se utpanna nahIM huI hai| pro0 vyAsajI dabI jabAna se yaha to svIkAra karate haiM ki 'mAgadhI bhI itanI hI prAcIna hai'; kintu ve spaSTa rUpa se yaha kyoM nahIM svIkAra karate ki mAgadhI zaurasenI kI apekSA prAcIna hai| azoka ke abhilekha jo I0pU0 tIsarI zatI meM likhe gaye ve mAgadhI kI prAcInatA

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56 ko spaSTa rUpa se ujAgara kara rahe haiM, jabaki zaurasenI kA koI bhI grantha yA granthAMza I0 san kI prathama-dUsarI zatI ke pUrva kA nahIM hai| yadi sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para mAgadhI prAkRta zaurasenI kI apekSA kama se kama 300 varSa prAcIna hai, to phira yaha mAnanA hogA ki vaha mAgadhI hI mUla prAkRta bhASA hai| punaH pro0 vyAsajI kA yaha kathana ki "pUrvIya uccAraNa-bheda ke atirikta mAgadhI aura zaurasenI meM koI antara nahIM hai| yaha kathana mUlata:- vaha bhI zaurasenI hI hai", yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki uccAraNa-bheda aura pratyayoM ke bheda hI vibhinna prAkRtoM ke antara kA AdhAra hai| yadi bheda nahIM hote to phira vibhinna prAkRtoM meM koI antara kiyA hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA aura sabhI prAkRteM eka hI hotii| vastutaH prAkRta ke mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi jo vividha bheda haiM ve apane-apane kSetrIya uccAraNa-bheda aura pratyaya-bheda ke AdhAra para hI sthita haiN| ata: yaha to kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi sabhI mUlata: prAkRte haiM; kintu yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAgadhI Adi bhI zaurasenI haiN| inakI apanI-apanI lAkSaNika bhinnatAe~ haiM; ata: yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki mAgadhI bhI zaurasenI hai yA zaurasenI kA kSetrIya saMskaraNa hai| jisa prakAra mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi prAkRta ke vibhinna bheda haiM usI prakAra zaurasenI bhI prAkRta kA hI eka bheda hai| puna: yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki digambara jaina AgamoM kI zaurasenI parizuddha zaurasenI na hokara ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI se prabhAvita zaurasenI hai aura isIlie pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne use jaina zaurasenI nAma diyA hai| ___maiM "prAkRtavidyA" ke sampAdaka DaoN0 sudIpajI jaina se nivedana karanA cAha~gA ki ve pro. TA~TiyAjI aura pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsajI ke nAma para zaurasenI kI sarvoparitA kI thothI mAnyatA sthApita karane hetu prAkRta-premiyoM ke bIca khAIM na khodeN| vastuta: yadi prAkRta-premI pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI kI sarvoparitA ke nAma para Apasa meM lar3ane lageMge to isase prAkRtavidyA kI hI durgati hogii| Aja AvazyakatA hai mila-jula kara samavetarUpa se prAkRtavidyA ke vikAsa kI, na ki prAkRta ke ina kSetrIya bhedoM ke nAma para lar3akara apanI zakti ko samApta karane kii| AzA hai prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka ko isa satyatA kA bodha hogA aura ve prAkRta-premiyoM ko Apasa meM na lar3Akara prAkRtoM ke vikAsa kA kArya kreNge|

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azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA mAgadhI yA zaurasenI - prAkRta-vidyA, aMka janavarI-mArca 1997 (pR0 97) meM pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ke vyAkhyAna ke samAcAroM ke sandarbha meM sampAdaka DA0 sudIpa jaina ne pro0 vyAsajI ko uddhRta karate hue likhA hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcIna rUpa samrATa azoka ke giranAra zilAlekha meM milate haiN| kintu pro0 vyAsa jI kA yaha kathana bhrAmaka hai aura isakA koI bhI bhASAzAstrIya Thosa AdhAra nahIM hai| azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA aura vyAkaraNa ke sandarbha meM adhikRta vidvAn evaM adhyetA DA0 rAjabalI pANDeya ne apane grantha 'azoka ke abhilekha' meM gahana samIkSA kI hai| unhoMne azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA ko cAra vibhAgoM meM bA~TA hai- 1. pazcimottarI (paizAca-gAndhAra), 2. madhyabhAratIya, 3. pazcimI mahArASTra, 4. dakSiNAvarta (aandhr-krnaattk)| azoka kI bhASA ke sandarbha meM vaha likhate haiM- mahAbhArata ke bAda kA bhAratIya itihAsa magadha sAmrAjya kA itihAsa hai| isalie zatAbdiyoM se uttara bhArata meM eka sArvadezika bhASA kA vikAsa ho rahA thaa| yaha bhASA vaidika bhASA se udbhUta laukika saMskRta se milatI-julatI thI aura usake samAnAntara pracalita ho rahI thii| azoka ne apane prazAsana aura dharma prasAra ke lie isI bhASA ko apanAyA, kintu isameM sandeha nahIM ki isa bhASA kA kendra magadha thA, jo madhya-deza (sthAnesara aura kajaMgala kI pahAr3iyoM ke bIca kA deza) ke pUrva bhAga meM sthita thaa| isaliye mAgadhI bhASA kI isameM pradhAnatA thI, parantu sArvajanika bhASA hone kAraNa dUsare pradezoM kI dhvaniyoM aura kahIM-kahIM zabdoM aura muhAvaroM ko bhI yaha AtmasAta karatI jA rahI thii| azoka ke abhilekha mUlataH magadha sAmrAjya kI kendrIya bhASA meM likhe gaye the| phira bhI yaha samajhA gayA ki dUrastha pradezoM kI janatA ke liye yaha prazAsana aura pracAra kI bhASA thor3I aparicita thii| isalie azoka ne isa bAta kI vyavasthA kI thI ki abhilekhoM ke mUla pAThoM kA vibhinna prAntoM meM AvazyakatAnusAra thor3A bahuta lipyantara aura bhASAntara kara diyA jaay| yahI kAraNa hai ki abhilekhoM ke vibhinna saMskaraNoM meM pATha-bheda pAyA jAtA hai| pATha bheda isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vibhinna boliyA~ thIM, jinakI apanI vizeSatAeM thiiN| azoka ke abhilekhoM meM vibhinna boliyoM ke zabdarUpa ko dekhane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki madhyabhAratIya bhASA hI isa samaya kI sArvadezika bhASA thI, mUlata:

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58 isI meM azoka ke abhilekha prastuta hue the| ise mAgadha athavA mAgadhI bhASA bhI kaha sakate haiN| parantu yaha nATakoM evaM vyAkaraNa kI mAgadhI se bhinna hai| jahA~ mAgadhI prAkRta meM kevala tAlavya 'za' kA prayoga hotA hai vahA~ azoka ke abhilekhoM meM kevala dantavya 'sa' kA prayoga hotA hai (azoka ke abhilekha - DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya pR0 22-23) | isase do tathya phalita hote haiM, prathama to yaha ki azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA nATakoM aura vyAkaraNa kI mAgadhI prAkRta se bhinna hai aura usameM anya boliyoM ke zabda rUpa nihita haiN| isalie hama ise ardhamAgadhI bhI kaha sakate haiN| yadyapi zvetAmbara AgamoM meM upalabdha ardhamAgadhI kI apekSA yaha kiJcita bhinna hai| phira bhI itanA nizcit hai ki yaha digambara AgamoM kI athavA nATakoM kI zaurasenI prAkRta kadApi nahIM hai| digambara AgamoM kI zaurasenI ke do pramukha lakSaNa mAne jA sakate haiM- madhyavartI 'ta' ke sthAna para 'da' kA prayoga aura dantya 'na' ke sthana, para mUrdhanya 'Na' kA prayoga / azoka ke abhilekhoM meM madhyavartI 'ta' ke sthAna para 'da' kA prayoga kahIM bhI nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| zaurasenI prAkRta meM saMskRta 'bhavati' kA 'bhavadi' yA 'hodi' rUpa milatA hai jabaki azoka ke abhilekhoM meM eka sthAna para bhI 'hodi' rUpa nahIM pAyA jaataa| sarvatra hoti rUpa pAyA jAtA hai, jo ardhamAgadhI kA lakSaNa hai| isI prakAra 'pitR' zabda kA 'piti' yA 'pitu ' rUpa milatA hai jo ki ardhamAgadhI kA lakSaNa hai, zaurasenI kI dRSTi se to usakA 'pidu' rUpa honA thaa| isI prakAra 'AtmA' zabda kA zaurasenI prAkRta meM 'AdA' rUpa banatA hai, jabaki azoka ke abhilekhoM meM kahIM bhI 'AdA' rUpa nahIM milA hai| sarvatra atne, atnA yahI rUpa milate haiN| isI prakAra 'hita' kA zaurasenI rUpa 'hida' na milakara sarvatra hI hita zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| isI prakAra jahA~ zaurasenI dantya 'na' ke prayoga ke sthAna para mUrdhanaya 'Na' kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai vahA~ azoka ke madhyabhAratIya samasta abhilekhoM meM mUrdhanya Na kA pUrNataH abhAva hai aura sarvatra dantya 'na' kA prayoga huA hai, pazcimI abhilekhoM meM bhI mUrthanya 'Na' kA yadA-kadA hI prayoga huA hai, kintu sarvatra nahIM / puna: yaha mUrdhanya 'Na' kA prayoga to mahArASTrI prAkRta meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA ke bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se jo bhI adhyayana hue haiM unameM jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai, kisI eka bhI vidvAn ne unakI bhASA ko zaurasenI prAkRta nahIM kahA hai| yadi usameM eka do zaurasenI zabda rUpa jo anya prAkRtoM yathA ardhamAgadhI yA mahArASTrI meM bhI 'kAmana' haiM, mila jAte haiM to usakI bhASA ko zaurasenI to kadApi nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isIlie zAyada pro0 bholAzaMkara jI vyAsa ko bhI dabI jubAna se yaha kahanA par3A ki zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcInatama rUpa samrATa azoka ke giranAra zilAlekha meM milate haiN| sambhavata: isameM itanA saMzodhana apekSita hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta ke kucha prAcIna zabdarUpa giranAra ke zilAlekha meM milate haiM / kintu yaha bAta dhyAna

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dene yogya hai ki yaha zabda rUpa prAcIna ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI meM bhI milate haiM, ataH mAtra do-cAra zabda rUpa mila jAne se azoka ke abhilekha zaurasenI prAkRta ke nahIM mAne jA sakate haiN| kyoMki unameM zaurasenI ke viziSTa lakSaNoM vAle zabda rUpa nahIM milate haiN| usake Age samAdaraNIya bholAzaMkara jI vyAsa ko uddhRta karate hue DA0 sudIpa jaina ne likhA hai ki isake bAda parizuddha zaurasenI bhASA kapAyapAhur3asutta, SaTkhaNDAgamasutta, kundakunda sAhitya evaM dhavalA, jayadhavalA Adi meM prayukta milatI hai| isakA artha to yaha huA ki azoka ke abhilekhoM kI mAgadhI arthAt ardhamAgadhI se hI digambara jaina sAhitya kI parizuddha zaurasenI vikasita huI hai| maiM yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se yaha jAnanA cAhU~gA ki kyA azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA meM digambara jaina sAhitya kI tathAkathita parizuddha zaurasenI athavA nATakoM kI zaurasenI athavA vyAkaraNa sammata zaurasenI kA koI bhI viziSTa lakSaNa upalabdha hotA hai ? jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai ki azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA anya pradezoM ke zabda rUpoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI prAkRta hai| vaha mAgadhI aura anya prAdezika boliyoM ke zabdoM rUpoM se mizrita eka aisI bhASA hai, jisakI sarvAdhika nikaTatA jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI se hai| use zaurasenI kahakara jo bhrAnti phailAI jA rahI hai vaha suniyojita SaDyaMtra hai| vastutaH digambara Agama tulya granthoM kI jisa bhASA ko parizuddha zaurasenI kahA jA rahA hai vaha vastutaH na to vyAkaraNa sammata zaurasenI hai aura na nATakoM kI zaurasenI - apitu ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI aura mahArASTra kI aisI khicar3I hai, jisameM inake mizraNa ke anupAta bhI pratyeka grantha aura usake pratyeka saMskaraNa meM bhinna-bhinna haiN| 59 isakI carcA maiMne apane lekha jaina AgamoM kI mUlabhASA mAgadhI yA zaurasenI meM kI hai| zaurasenI kA sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM taba taka janma hI nahIM huA thaa| nATakoM evaM digambara paramparA meM Agama rUpa meM mAnya granthoM kI bhASA to usake tIna-cAra sau varSa bAda astitva meM AI hai| vastutaH dillI, mathurA evaM AgarA ke samIpavartI usa pradeza meM jise zaurasenI kA janmasthala kahA jAtA hai, azoka ke jo bhI abhilekha upalabdha haiM, unameM zaurasenI ke lakSaNoM yathA 'ta' kA 'da', 'na' kA 'Na' Adi kA pUrNa abhAva hai| mAtra yahI nahIM usameM 'lAjA' (rAjA) jaisA mAgadhI kA zabda rUpa spaSTataH pAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra giranAra ke abhilekhoM meM bhI zaurasenI ke vyAkaraNasammata lakSaNoM kA abhAva hai / unameM ardhamAgadhI ke ve zabda rUpa, jo zaurasenI meM bhI pAye jAte haiM dekhakara yaha kaha denA ki azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA kSetrIya prabhAvoM se yukta zaurasenI meM hai, yaha ucita nahIM hai| use ardhamAgadhI to mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu zaurasenI kadApi nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| pAThakoM ko svayaM nirNaya karane ke lie yahA~ dillI ToparA ke azoka ke abhilekhoM kA mUlapATha prastuta hai

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la i dillI TopArA stambha prathama abhilekha (dharma pAlana se ihaloka tathA paraloka kI prApti) __ (uttarAbhimukha) 1. devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAja hevaM AhA (1) saDuvIsati2. vasa abhisitena me iyaM dhaMmalipi likhApitA (2) hidatapAlate dusaMpaTipAdaye aMnata agAyA dhaMmakAmatAyA 4. agAya palIkhAyA agAya susUyAyA agena bhayena agana usAhenA (3) esa cu kho mama anusathiyA dhaMmA6. pekhA dhaMmakAmatA cA suve suve vaDitA vaDIsati cevA (4) 7. pulisA pi ca me ukasA cA gevayA cA majhimA cA anuvidhIyaMtI saMpaTipAdayaMti cA alaM capalaM samAdapayitave (5) hememA aMta9. mahAmAtA pi (6) esa hi vidhi yA iyaM dhamena pAlanA dhaMmena vidhAne 10. dhaMmena sukhiyanA dhaMmena gotI ti (7) dvitIya abhilekha (uttarAbhimukha) (dharma kI kalpanA) 1. devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAja 2. hevaM AhA (1) dhaMme sAdhU kiyaM dhaMme ti (2) apAsinave vahukayAne 3. dayA dAne socaye (3) cakhudAne pi me bahuvidhe dine (4) dupada4. catupadesu pakhivAlicalesu vividhe me anugahe kaTe A pAna5. dAkhinAye (5) aMnAni pi ca me bahUni kayAnAni kaTAni (6) etAye me 6. aThAye iyaM dhamalipi likhApitA hevaM anupaTipajaMtu cilaM7. thitikA ca hotU tIti (7) ye ca hevaM saMpaTipajIsati se sukaTaM kachatI ti| tRtIya abhilekha (uttarAbhimukha) (AtmanirIkSaNa) 1. devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAja hevaM ahA (1) kayAnaM meva dekhati iyaM me

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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 61 yAne kaTe ti (2) no mina pApaM dekhati iyaM me pApe kaTe ti iyaM vA Asinave nAmAti (3) dupaTivekhe cu kho esA (4) hevaM cu kho esa dekhiye (5) imAni AsinavagAmIni nAma atha caMDiye niThaliye kodhe mAne isyA kAlanena va hakaM mA palibhasayisaM (6) esa bADha dekhiye (7) iyaM me hidatikAye iyaMmana me pAlatikAye caturtha abhilekha (pazcimAbhimukha) (rajjukoM ke adhikAra aura kartavya ) devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAja hevaM AhA (1) saDuvIsativasaabhisitena me iyaM dhaMmalipi likhApitA (2) lajUkA me bahUsu pAnasatasahasesu janasi AyatA (3) tesaM ye abhihAle vA pavatayevU janasa jAnapadasA hitasukhaM upadahevU pavata daMDe vA atapatiye me kaTe kiMti lajUkA asvatha abhItA kaMmAni pavatayevU janasa jAnapadasA hitasukhaM upadahevU anugahinevu ca (4) sukhIyanaM dukhIyanaM jAnisaMti dhaMmayutena ca viyovadisaMti janaM jAnapada kiMti hidataM ca pAlataM ca 8. 9. AlAdhayevU ti (5) lajUkA pi laghati paTicalitave maM ( 6 ) pulisAni pi me chaMdanAni paTicalisaMti (7) te pi ca kAni viyovadisaMti yena maM lajUkA 10. caghaMti AlAdhayitave (8) athA hi pajaM viyatAye dhAtiye nisijitu 11. asvathe hoti viyata dhAti caghati meM pajaM sukhaM palihaTave 12. hevaM mamA lajUkA kaTA jAnapadasa hitasukhAye (9) yena ete abhItA 13. asvatha saMtaM avimanA kaMmAni pavatayevU ti etena me lajUkAnaM 14. abhihAle va daMDe vA atapatiye kaTe (10) ichitaviye hi esA kiMti 15. viyohAlasamatA ca siya daMDasamatA cA (11) ava ite pi ca me Avuti 16. baMdhanabadhAnaM munisAnaM tIlitadaMDAnaM patavadhAnaM tiMni divasAni me 17. yote dine (12) nAtikA va kAni nijhapayisaMti jIvitAye tAnaM

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62 18. nAsaMtaM vA nijhapayitA vA naM dAhaMti pAlatikaM upavAsaM va kachaMti (13) 19. ichA hi me hevaM niludhasi pi kAlasi pAlataM AlAdhayevU ti (14) janasa ca 20. bar3hati vividhe dhaMmacalane saMyame dAnasavibhAge ti (15) paJcama abhilekha (dakSiNAbhimukha) (jIvoM kA abhayadAna) 1. devAnaMpriye piyadasi lAja hevaM ahA (1) saDuvIsativasa2. abhisitena me imAni jAtAni avadhiyAni kaTAni seyathA suke sAlikA alune cakavAke haMse naMdImukhe gelATe 4. jatUkA aMbAkapIlikA daLI anaThikamache vedaveyake 5. gaMgA pupuTake saMkujamache kaphaTasayake paMnasase simale 6. saMkaDe okapiMDe palasate setakapote gAmakapote 7. save catupade ye paTibhAgaM no eti na ca khAdiyatI (2) ............. ri 8. eLakA cA sakUlI cA gabhinI vA pAyamInA va avadhiya pa take 9. pi ca kAni AsaMmAsike (3) vadhikukuTe no kaTaviye (4) tuse sajIve 10. no jhApetaviye (5) dAve anaThAye vA vihisAye vA no jhApetaviye (6) 11. jIvena jIve no pusitaviye (7) tIsu cAtumAsIsu tisAyaM punamAsiyaM 12. tini divasAni cAvudasaM paMnaDasaM paTipadAye dhuvAye cA 13. anuposathaM mache avadhiye no pi viketaviye (8) etAni yevA divasAni 14. nAgavanasi kevaTabhogasi yAni aMnAni pi jIvanikAyAni 15. na haMtaviyAni (9) aThamIpakhAye cAvudasAye paMnaDasAye tisAye 16. punAvasune tIsu cAtumAsIsu sudivasAye gone no nIlakhita viye 17. ajake eDake sUkale e vA pi aMne nIlakhiyati no vIlakhitaviye (10) 18. tisAye punAvasune cAtuMmAsiye cAtuMmAsi pakhAye asvasA gonasA 19. lakhane no kaTaviye (51) yAvasaDuvIsativasa abhisitena me etAye 20. aMtalikAye paMnavIsati baMdhanamokhAni kaTAni (12)

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3 SaSTha abhilekha (a-pUrvAbhimukha) (dharmavRddhiH dharma ke pratianurAga) 1. devAnAMpiye piyadasi lAja hevaM ahA (1) duvADasa 2. vasa abhisitena me dhaMmaliTi likhApitA lokasA hitasukhAye se taM apahaTA taM taM dhaMmavaDi pApo vA (?) hevaM lokasA hitasukheti paTivekhAmi atha iyaM nAtisu hevaM patiyAsanesu hevaM apakaTesu kima kAni sukhaM avahAmI ti tatha ca vidahAmi (3) he me vA 7. savanikAyesu paTivekhAmi (4) sava pAsaMDA pi me pUjitA 8. vividhAya pUjAyA (5) e cu iyaM atanA pacUpagamane 9. se me mokhyamate 6) savisati vasa adhisitena me 10. iyaM dhaMmalipi likhApitA (7) saptama abhilekha (a) pUrvAbhimukha (dharmapracAra kA siMhAvalokana) 1. devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAjA hevaM AhA (1) ye atikaMtaM 2. aMtalaM lAjAne husu hevaM ichisu kathaM jane dhaMmavaDiyA vaDheyA no cu jane anulupAyA dhaMmavaDiyA vaDithA (2) etaM devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAjA hevaM AhA (3) esa me huthA (4) atikaMtaM ca aMtalaM hevaM ichisu lAjAne kathaM jane anulupAyA dhaMmavaDiyA vaDheyA ti no ca jane anulupAyA dhaMmavaDiyA vaDithA (5) se kinasu jane anupaTipajeyA (6) kinasu jane anulupAyA dhaMmavaDiyA vaDheyA ti (7) kinasu kAni 9. abhyunAmayehaM dhaMmavaDiyA ti (8) devAnaMpiye pidadasi lAjA hevaM 10. AhA (9) esa me huthA (10) dhaMmasAvanAni sAvApayAmi dhaMmAnusathini ___my i7 ; 8.

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64 11. anusAsAmi (11) etaM jane sutu anupaTIpajIsati abhyuMnamisati 12. dhaMmavaDiyA ca vADaM vaDisati (12) etAye me aThAye dhaMmasAvanAni sAvApitAni dhaMmAnusathini vividhAni AnapitAni ya......... sA pi bahune janasi AyatA e te paliyo vadisaMti pipavithalisaMti pi (13) lajUkA pi bahukesu pAnasahasesu AtA te pi me anapitA hevaM ca hevaM ca paliyovadAtha 13. janaM dhaMmayutaM (14) devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAjA hevaM AhA (15) etameva me anuvekhamAne dhaMmathaMbhAni kaTAni dhamamahAmAtA kaTA dhaMma kaTe (16) devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAjA hevaM AhA (17) magesu pi me nigohAni lopApitAni chAyopagAni hosaMti pasumunisAnaM aMbAvaDikyA lopApitA (17) aDhakAsikyAni pi me udupAnAni 14. khAnApApitAni nisiDhayA ca kAlApitA (18) ApAnAni me bahukAni tata tata kAlapitAni paTIbhogAye pasumunisAnaM (19) la.....esa paTIbhoge nAma (20) vividhAyA hi sukhApanAyA pulimehi pilAjIhi mamayA ca sukhayite loke (21) imaM cu dhaMmAnu paTIpatI anupaTIpajaMtu ti etadathA me 15. esa kaTe (22) devAnaMpiye piyadasi hevaM AhA (23) dhaMmamahAmAtA pi me te bahuvidhesu aThesu Anugahikesu viyApaTAse pavajItAnaM ceva gihithAnaM ca . Desu pi ca viyApaTAse (24) saMghaThasi pi me kaTe ime viyApaTA hohaMti ti hemeva bAbhanesu AjIvikesu pi me kaTe sava....... 16. ime viyApaTA hoMhaMti ti nigaMThesu pi me kaTe ime viyApaTA hohaMti nAnApAsaMDesu pi me kaTe ime viyApaTA hohaMti ti paTivisiThaM paTIvisiThaM tesu tesu te..... mAtA (25) dhaMmamahAmAtA cu me etesu ceva viyApaTA savesu ca pAsaMDesu (26) devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAjA hevaM AhA (27) 17. ete ca aMne ca bahukA mukhA dAna-visagasi viyApaTAse mama ce va devinaM ca / savasi ca me olodhanasi te bahuvidhena A (kA) lena tAni tAni tuThAyatanAni paTI ( pAdayaMti) hida eva disAsu c| dAlakAnAM pi ca me kaTe / aMnAnaM ca devi kumAlAnaM ime dAnavisagesu viyApaTA hohaMti ti 18. dhaMmApadAnaThAye dhaMmAnupaTipatiye (28) e hi dhaMmApadAne dhaMmapaTIpati ca yA iyaM dayA dAne sace socave ca madave sAdhave ca lokasa hevaM vaDisati ti (29) devAnaMpiye pa... . sa lAjA hevaM AhA (30) yAni hi kAnici mamiyA sAdhavAni kaTAni taM loke anupaTopane taM ca anuvidhiyaMti (31) tena vaDitA ca 19. vaDisaMti ca mAtApitusu sususAyA gulusu sususAyA vayomahAlakAnaM anupaTIpatiyA

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65 bAbhanasamanesu kapanavalAkesu Ava dAsabhaTakesu saMpaTIpatiyA (32) devAnaMpiya........yadasi lAjA hevaM AhA (33) munisAnaM cu yA iyaM dhaMmavaDi vaDitA duvehi yeva AkAlehi dhaMmaniyamena ca nijhatiyA ca (34) 20. tata cu lahu se dhamaniyame nijhatiyA va bhuye (35) dhamaniyame cu kho esa ye me iyaM kaTe imAni ca imAni jAtAni avadhiyAni (36) aMnAni pi cu bahukaM.........dhaMmaniyamAni yAni me kaTAni (37) nijhatiyA va cu bhuye bhunisAnaM dhaMmavaDi vaDitA avihiMsAye bhutAnaM 21. anAlaMbhAye pAnAnaM (38) se etAye athAye iyaM kaTe putApapotike caMdamasulipike hotu ti tathA ca anupaTIpajaMtu ti (39) hevaM hi anupaTIpajaMtaM hidata pAlate Aladhe hoti (40) satavisativasAbhisitena me iyaM dhaMmalivi likhApApitA ti (41) etaM devAnaMpiye AhA (42) iyaM 22. dhaMmalibi ata athi silAthaMbhAni vA silA phalakAni vA tata kaTaviyA ena esa cilaThitike siyA (43)

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kyA brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie eka hI AkRti thI? - zaurasenI evaM kisI sImA taka mahArASTrI prAkRta kI bhI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM "no NaH sarvatra' arthAt sarvatra 'na' kA 'Na' hotA hai (prAkRtaprakAza, 2/42) / jabaki ardhamAgadhI meM 'na' aura 'Na' donoM vikalpa se pAye jAte haiN| ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta se bhinna zaurasenI kI dUsarI apanI nijI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM madhyavartI asaMyukta 't' kA sadaiva 'd' (tRtIya varNa) ho jAtA hai| kintu jaba abhilekhIya prAkRta vizeSa rUpa se azoka, khAravela aura mathurA ke jaina abhilekho meM ye vizeSatAe~ parilakSita nahIM huI, to zaurasenI kI atiprAcInatA kA dAvA khokhalA siddha hone lgaa| ata: apane bacAva meM DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne AdhArahIna eka zaguphA chor3A yA AdhArahIna tathya prastuta kiyA aura vaha bhI bhAratIyalipivid aura purAtattvavettA paM0 gaurIzaMkarajI ojhA ke nAma se, ki brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' vargoM ke lie eka hI AkRti (lipi-akSara) prayukta hotI thii| kintu unhoMne unake isa kathana kA koI bhI pramANa yA sandarbha prastuta nahIM kiyaa| mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki sudIpajI ko jaba kabhI apane samarthana meM aprAmANika rUpa se kucha golamAla karanA hotA hai, to ve kisI bar3e vyakti kA nAma de dete haiM, kintu yaha ullekha nahIM karate ki unakA yaha kathana amuka pustaka ke amuka saMskaraNa meM amuka pRSTha para hai| variSTha vidvAnoM ke nAma se binA pramANa ke bhrAmaka pracAra karanA unakI vizeSatA hai| maiMne jaba apane lekhoM 'na' aura 'Na' meM prAcIna kauna?" aura "azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA" meM yaha siddha kara diyA ki prAkRta meM 'na' kA prayoga hI prAcIna hai aura 'Na' kA prayoga paravartI hai to unhoMne paM0 ojhA ke nAma se apane sampAdakIya meM binA prAmANika sandarbha diye yaha likhanA prArambha kara diyA ki IsA pUrva ke brAhmI zilAlekhoM meM 'na' varNa aura 'Na' varNa ke lie eka hI AkRti kA prayoga hotA thaa| DaoN0 sudIpajI isa sambandha meM prAkRtavidyA, apraila-jUna 1997, pR0 7 para evaM janavarI-mArca 1998, pR0 7-8 para kramaza: likhate haiM ki - "isI prakAra prAkRta ke 'no NaH sarvatra' niyama kA apavAda ina zilAlekhoM meM prAyazaH 'na' pATha kI upalabdhi batAyA gayA hai| sva0 ojhAjI ne isakA samAdhAna dete hue likhA hai ki prAcIna bhAratIya lipiyoM, vizeSataH brAhmI lipi meM 'na' evaM 'Na' vargoM

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67 ke lie eka hI AkRti (lipi-akSara) prayukta hotI thii| jaise ki aMgrejI meM 'N' kA prayoga 'n' evaM 'Na' donoM ke lie hotA hai| taba use 'na' par3hA hI kyoM jAye? jaba prAkRta meM NakAra ke prayoga kA hI vidhAna hai aura use ukta niyamAnusAra 'Na' par3hA jA sakatA hai to eka kRtrima vivAda kI kyA sadAzayatA ho sakatI hai? kintu pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne 'na' pATha rakha diyA aura use dekhakara hamane kaha diyA ki zilAlekhoM kI prAkRta meM 'Na' kA prayoga nahIM hai| kaI sAhasI vidvAn to isake bAre meM yahA~ taka kaha gaye haiM ki prAkRta meM 'na' kA prayoga prAcIna hai aura 'Na' kA prayoga paravartI hai| yaha vastuta: eka avicArita, zIghratAvaza kiyA gayA vacana-prayoga mAtra hai| jo vidvAn IsApUrva ke zilAlekhoM meM nakAra ke prayoga kA pramANa dete haiM, ve vastutaH zilAlekhoM evaM prAkRta ke itivRtta se vastutaH paricita hI nahIM hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki IsApUrva ke zilAlekhoM meM prayukta lipi meM 'na' varNa evaM 'Na' varNa ke lie eka hI AkRti kA prayoga hotA thA - yaha tathya mahAn lipi vizeSajJa evaM purAtattvavettA rAyabahAdura gaurIzaMkara hIrAcandajI ojhA ne apanI pustaka 'prAcIna bhAratIya lipimAlA' meM spaSTataH ghoSita kiyA hai|" 1. isa sandarbha meM prathama Apatti to yahI hai ki yadi paM0 gaurIzaMkarajI ojhA ne aisA likhA hai to bhAI sudIpa jI sasandarbha use uddhRta kyoM nahIM karate, ki paM0 ojhAjI ne yaha amuka grantha ke amuka saMskaraNa meM amuka pRSTha para yaha likhA hai? yA to ve isakA spaSTa rUpa se pramANa deM, anyathA vidvAnoM ke nAma se vyartha bhrama na phailaayeN| unhoMne paM0 gaurIzaMkarajI ojhA kA nAma lekara isa bAta ko ki IsvI pUrva ke zilAlekhoM meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie eka hI AkRti kA prayoga hotA thAprAkRtavidyA, apraila-jUna 1997, pR0 7 para aura prAkRtavidyA, janavarI-mArca 1998, pR0 8 para uddhRta kiyA hai| prAkRtavidyA, apraila-jUna 1997, pR0 7 para ojhAjI ke nAma se ve likhate haiM "prAcIna bhAratIya lipiyoM, vizeSata: brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' vargoM ke lie eka hI AkRti (lipi-akSara) prayukta hotI thii''| jabaki prAkRtavidyA, janavarI-mArca 1998, pR0 8 para ve likhate haiM ki "IsApUrva ke zilAlekhoM meM prayukta lipi meM 'na' varNa aura 'Na' varNa ke lie eka hI AkRti kA prayoga hotA thaa| ina donoM sthAnoM para kathya cAhe eka ho, kintu unakA bhASAyI prArUpa bhinna-bhinna hai| kisI bhI vyakti kA koI bhI uddharaNa cAhe kitanI hI bAra uddhRta kiyA jAye usakA bhASAyI svarUpa eka hI hotA hai| yahA~ isa vibhinnatA kA tAtparya yahI hai ki ve paM0 ojhAjI ke kathana ko apane DhaMga se tor3a-maror3a kara prastuta kara rahe haiN| vaise sudIpajI isa vidhA meM pAraMgata haiM, ve binA prAmANika sandarbha ke kisI bhI bar3e vidvAn ke nAma para

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68 kucha bhI tor3a-maror3a kara kaha dete haiM / kintu unheM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki paM0 gaurIzaMkarajI ojhA divaMgata haiM, unake sandarbha meM jo kucha likheM, usake lie unake grantha, saMskaraNa aura pRSTha saMkhyA kA avazya ullekha kareM; kyoMki apanI pustaka bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA ke lipi patra kramAMka 1, 4, 6 (sabhI I0 pU0 ) meM svayaM ojhA jI ne brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' kI AkRtiyoM meM rahe antara ko spaSTa rUpa se nirdiSTa kiyA hai| azoka ke abhilekhoM meM giranAra abhilekha ke AdhAra para nirmita lipipatra kramAMka 1 ( IsA pUrva 3rI zatI) meM unhoMne 'na' aura 'Na' kI AkRtiyoM kA yaha antara nirdiSTa kiyA hai, usameM 'na' ke lie aura 'Na' ke lie ye AkRtiyA~ haiM isa prakAra donoM AkRtiyoM meM AMzika nikaTatA to hai, kintu donoM eka nahIM hai| punaH sva0 ojhAjI ne azoka ke abhilekha kA jo 'lipyantaraNa' kiyA hai usameM bhI kahIM bhI unhoMne 'Na' nahIM par3hA sarvatra use arthAt na hI par3hA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM unhoMne isa lipipatra meM 'na' ke do rUpoM evaM 1 kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai aura mAtra itanA hI nahIM unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki mAtrA lagane para dantya na aura mUrdhanya Na kI AkRtiyA~ kisa prakAra banatI haiM yathA - ninu4 no-1 | isake viparIta mUrdhanya Na para e kI mAtrA lagane para jo AkRti banatI hai, vaha bilkula bhinna hai yathA I | isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki azoka ke kAla meM brAhmI lipi meM na aura Na kI AkRti eka nahIM thii| jJAtavya hai ki azoka ke abhilekhoM meM jahA~ giranAra ke abhilekha meM na ( 1 ) aura Na (I) donoM vikalpa se utkIrNa milate haiM, vahA~ uttara- pUrva ke abhilekhoM meM prAyaH na ( 1 ) hI milatA hai| yaha tathya paM0 ojhAjI ke lipipatra do se siddha hotA hai / lipipatra tIna jo rAmagar3ha, nAgArjunI guphA, bharahuta aura sAMcI ke stUpa - lekhoM para AdhArita hai usameM bhI 'na' aura 'Na' donoM kI alaga-alaga AkRtiyA~ haiM- usameM na ke lie I aura Na ke lie + AkRtiyA~ haiN| I0pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI se jaba akSaroM para sire bA~dhanA prArambha hue to na aura Na kI AkRti samarUpa na ho jAye isase bacane hetu 'Na' kI AkRti meM thor3A parivartana kiyA gayA aura use kiJcita bhinna prakAra se likhA jAne lagA - -- na L ni 1 no f Na NI No isI prakAra lipipatra cauthe se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki I0pU0 meM brAhmI abhilekhoM na aura Na kI AkRtiyA~ bhinna thiiN| lipipatra pA~ca jo pabhosA aura mathurA ke I0pU0 prathama zatI ke abhilekhoM para AdhArita hai usameM jo lekha paM0 ojhAjI ne uddhRta kiyA hai usameM bhI na aura Na kI AkRtiyA~ bhinna-bhinna hI haiN| sAtha hI usameM 'Na' kA prayoga Y

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virala hai| usa lekhAMza meM jahA~ pA~ca bAra 'na' kA prayoga hai vahA~ 'Na' kA prayoga mAtra do bAra hI hai arthAt 70 pratizata na hai aura 30 pratizata Na hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha mathurA jise zaurasenI kA utpatti sthala mAnA jAtA hai aura jahA~ kI bhASA para 'No na: sarvatra' kA siddhAnta lAgU kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ bhI I0pU0 prathama zatI meM jaba yaha sthiti hai to usa tathAkathita zaurasenI kI prAcInatA kA dAvA kitanA AdhArahIna hai, yaha svata:siddha ho jAtA hai| mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM IsA kI prathama-dUsarI zatI taka bhI 'No na: sarvatra' aura madhyavartI 't' ke 'd' hone kA dAvA karane vAlI usa tathAkathita zaurasenI kA kahIM atApatA hI nahIM hai| I0sana kI prathama-dusarI zatI ke lipipatra sAta ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM vizeSa rUpa se nAzika ke zaka uSavadAta (RSabhadatta) ke abhilekha meM na aura Na kI AkRti pUrvavat arthAtA aurA ke rUpa meM sthira rahI hai aura isa lekhAMza meM 54 pratizata 'na' aura 46 pratizata 'Na' ke prayoga haiM tathA 'Na' ke pA~ca rUpa aura na ke tIna rUpa pAye jAte haiM- yathA 'Na' T , ,x, x, 'na' . , isa samagra vivecana se yaha jJAta hotA hai IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatI se arthAt jaba se abhilikhita sAmagrI prApta hotI hai 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie brAhmI lipi meM sadaiva hI bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyA~ rahI haiM, jisakA spaSTa nirdeza paM0 gaurIzaMkarajI ojhA ne apane uparokta lipipatroM meM kiyA hai ata: unake nAma para DaoN0 sudIpajI kA yaha kathana nitAnta mithyA hai ki "jaba brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie eka hI AkRti kA prayoga hotA thA, to use 'na' par3hA hI kyoM jAe?'' jaba na aura Na ke lie prArambha se hI brAhmI lipi meM alaga-alaga AkRtiyA~ nizcita haiM to phira 'na' ko na aura Na ko Na hI par3hanA hogaa| puna: jahA~ pUrva evaM uttara bhArata ke azoka ke abhilekhoM meM prAya: 'Na' kA abhAva hai vahIM pazcimI bhArata ke usake abhilekhoM meM kvacit rUpa se 'Na' ke prayoga dekhe jAte haiN| kintu isa vizleSaNa se eka nayA tathya yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki madhyapradeza evaM pazcima bhArata meM bhI 'Na' ke prayoga meM kAlakrama meM bhI abhivRddhi huI hai jahA~ uttara pUrva evaM madhya bhArata ke I0pU0 tIsarI zatI ke azoka ke abhilekhoM meM 'Na' kA prAyaH abhAva hai, vahIM pazcimI bhArata ke usake abhilekhoM meM 'Na' kA prayoga 10 pratizata se kama hai| usake pazcAt I0pU0 prathama zatI ke mathurA aura pabhosA ke abhilekhoM meM 'Na' kA prayoga 25 pratizata se 30 pratizata milatA hai, kintu isake lagabhaga do sau varSa pazcAt pazcima-dakSiNa meM nAsika ke abhilekha meM yaha bar3hakara 50 pratizata ho jAtA hai| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki 'Na'kAra pradhAna zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI prAkRteM 'na'kAra

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70 pradhAna mAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI kI apekSA paravartI kAla meM vikasita huI haiN| ata: mAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI kI apekSA zaurasenI kI prAcInatA kA tathA brAhmI abhilekhoM meM na aura Na ke lie eka AkRti ke prayoga kA paM0 ojhA jI ke nAma se pracArita DaoN0 sudIpajI kA dAvA bhrAmaka hai| bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA meM paM0 ojhAjI dvArA hI prastuta ukta tathya unake isa bhrama ko tor3ane meM paryApta hai ki prAcInakAla meM brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie eka hI lipi kA prayoga hotA thaa| DaoN0 sudIpa jI ne paM0 ojhA ke mantavya ko kisa prakAra tor3A-maror3A hai, yaha tathya to mujhe ojhAjI kI pustaka bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA ke AdyopAnta adhyayana ke bAda hI patA claa| lipipatra 67 jo kharoSThI lipi se sambandhita hai, ke vivecana meM bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 100 para paM0 ojhA likhate haiM ki "yaha lipipatra kSatrapa rAjula ke samaya ke mathurA se mile hue siMhAkRti vAle stambha sire ke lekhoM, takSazilA se mile hue kSatrapa patika ke tAmralekha aura vahIM se mile hue eka patthara ke pAtra para ke lekha se taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| isa lipipatra ke akSaroM meM 'u' kI mAtrA kA rUpa granthi banAyA hai aura 'na' tathA 'Na' meM bahudhA spaSTa antara nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| mathurA ke lekhoM meM kahIM-kahIM 'ta' 'na' tathA 'ra' meM bhI spaSTa antara nahIM hai|' isake pazcAt ojhAjI ne eka abhilekha kA vaha aMza diyA jisakA nAgarI akSarAntara isa prakAra hai - 'sihilena siharachitena ca bhatarehi takhazilAe ayaM yuvo pratithavito savabudhana puyae' isakI pAdaTippaNI meM punaH ojhAjI likhate haiM ki- "sihilena se lagAkara puyae" taka ke isa lekha meM tIna bAra Na yA na AyA hai, jisako donoM taraha se par3ha sakate haiM, kyoMki usa samaya ke Asa-pAsa ke kharoSThI lipi ke kitane lekhoM meM 'na' aura 'Na' meM spaSTa bheda nahIM pAyA jaataa| paM0 ojhA jI ke zabdoM se hI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jo bAta unhoMne kharoSThI lipi ke sandarbha meM kahI hai, use sudIpajI ne kaise brAhmI para lAgU kara diyA? prAkRtavidyA, apraila-jUna 1997 meM ve bar3e dAve ke sAtha likhate haiM ki "prAcIna bhAratIya lipi vizeSataH brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie eka hI AkRti (lipi-akSara) prayukta hotI thii|'' yA to ve isa tathya ko hI kahIM pramANa rUpa se prastuta kareM athavA variSTha vidvAnoM ke nAma se apane pakSa ke samarthana meM bhrAmaka rUpa se tor3a-maror3a kara tathyoM ko prastuta na kreN| yaha lipipatra evaM lekha sabhI kharoSThI se sambandhita hai| puna: yahA~ bhI ojhAjI ne svayaM 'na' hI par3hA hai, 'Na' nahIM, mAtra pAdaTippaNI meM anya sambhAvanA ke sambandha meM spaSTIkaraNa diyA hai| ise bhI 'na' hI kyoM par3hA jAe 'Na' kyoM nahIM par3hA

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71 jAye isake bhI kAraNa hai| sarvaprathama to hameM usa lekha kI bhASA ke svarUpa, kSetra evaM kAla kA vicAra karanA hogA, phira yaha dekhanA hogA ki usa kAla meM usa kSetra meM kisa prakAra kI bhASA pracalita thI kyoMki deza aura kAla ke bheda se bhASA kA svarUpa badalatA hai aura usakI uccAraNa zailI bhI badalatI hai| paM0 jagamohana varmA (prAcIna bhAratIya lipimAlA, pR0 30) kA to yahA~ taka kahanA hai ki Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na ye mUrdhanya varNa pAzcAtya anAryoM ke prabhAva se bhAratIya Arya bhASA meM sammilita kiye gye| unakI yaha avadhAraNA kitanI satya hai yaha vivAda kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, kintu AnubhAvika stara para itanA to satya hai uttara-pazcima kI boliyoM aura bhASAoM meM Aja bhI inakA prayoga apekSAkRta adhika hotA haiM / prAkRtoM meM bhI paravartI prAkRtoM aura apabhraMzoM meM hI apekSAkRta inakA prayoga adhika hotA hai| kharoSThI lipi meM 'na' ko mUrdhanya 'Na' par3hA jAye athavA dantya 'na' par3hA jAye, isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki jahA~ taka sAhabAjagar3hI aura mAnserA ke azoka ke abhilekhoM kA prazna hai, ve cAhe kharoSThI lipi meM likhe gaye haiM, kintu unakI bhASA mUlataH mAgadhI hI hai, ata: usa kAla kI mAgadhI bhASA kI prakRti ke anusAra unameM Aye hue 'na' ko dantya 'na' hI par3hanA hogA / punaH ve hI lekha jina-jina sthAnoM para brAhmIlipi utkIrNa hue hai aura yadi vahA~ unameM Aye 'na' ko yadi dantya 'na' ke rUpa meM utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai, to yahA~ bhI hameM unheM dantya 'na' ke rUpa meM par3hanA hogA, kyoMki uccAraNa/paThana bhASA kI prakRti ke AdhAra para hotA hai, lipi kI prakRti ke AdhAra para nhiiN| Aja bhI aMgrejI meM uccAraNa bhASA kI prakRti ke AdhAra para hI hotA hai| akSara kI AkRti ke AdhAra para nhiiN| udAharaNArtha 'C' kA uccAraNa kabhI 'ka' kabhI 'za' aura kabhI 'ca' hotA hai| yahA~ bhI hameM yaha svatantratA nahIM hai ki apanI icchA se koI bhI uccAraNa kara leN| eka dUsarA udAharaNa leM, yadi saMskRta yA hindI bhASA kA koI zabda romana meM likhA gayA hai aura yadi usake lekhana meM DAIkriTikala cihnoM kA upayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai to hameM una romana varNoM kA uccAraNa saMskRta yA hindI kI prakRti ke AdhAra para karanA hogA, romana lipi ke AdhAra para nhiiN| ataH mAgadhI bhASA ke kharoSThI lipi meM likhe gaye lekha kA uccAraNa to mAgadhI kI prakRti ke AdhAra para hI hogA aura mAgadhI kI prakRti ke AdhAra para vahA~ 'na' hI par3hanA hogA, 'Na' nhiiN| puna: kharoSThI lipi meM paizAcI prAkRta ke bhI lekha haiM, unakA uccAraNa paizAcI prAkRta ke AdhAra para hI hogaa| jJAtavya hai ki paizAcI prAkRta meM to 'Na' kA bhI 'na' hotA hai| isa sambandha meM maiM apanI ora se kucha na kahakara svayaM DaoN0 sudIpajI dvArA uddhRta prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana kA sUtra de rahA hU~ na No: paizAcyAM (3/2/43) arthAt

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72 paizAcI prAkRta meM 'Na' kA bhI 'na' hotA hai ata: paizAcI prAkRta ke kharoSThI lipi meM likhe gaye abhilekhoM meM, cAhe vahA~ lipi meM 'Na' aura 'na' meM antara nahIM ho, vahA~ bhI paizAcIprAkRta kI prakRti ke anusAra vaha 'na' hI hai aura use 'na' hI par3hanA hogaa| isake atirikta eka sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki paizAcI prAkRta meM 'na' aura 'Na' kI alaga vyavasthA na ho aura usameM sarvatra 'na' kA prayoga vihita ho tathA isI kAraNa paravartI kharoSThI abhilekhoM meM 'Na' ke lie koI alaga se lipyakSara na ho, kintu ardhamAgadhI meM 'na' aura 'Na' donoM vikalpa pAye jAte haiM, ata: azoka ke mAgadhI ke abhilekha jaba mAnserA aura zAhabAjagar3hI meM kharoSThI meM utkIrNa hue to unameM 'Na' aura 'na' ke lie alaga-alaga lipyakSara nirdhArita hue haiN| paM0 ojhA jI ne bhI apanI pustaka meM kharoSThI ke prathama lipipatra kramAMka 65 meM 'Na' aura 'na' ke lie alaga-alaga lipyakSaroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM usa lipipatra meM unhoMne 'Na' kI do AkRtiyoM kA evaM 'na' kI cAra AkRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai -- Na = + 11 na SSS isa AdhAra para yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki kharoSThI lipi meM bhI I0pU0 tIsarI zatI meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie alaga-alaga AkRtiyA~ rahI haiN| puna: jaba koI kisI dUsarI bhASA ke zabda rUpa kisI aisI lipi meM likhe jAte, jisameM usa bhASA meM prayukta kucha svara yA vyaJjana nahIM hote haiM, to unheM spaSTa karane ke lie usakI nikaTavartI dhvani vAle svara evaM vyaJjana kI AkRti meM kucha parivartana karake unheM spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai jaise romana lipi meM Ga, Ja, Na, kA abhAva hai, ata: usameM inheM spaSTa karane ke lie meM kucha viziSTa saMketa cihna jor3e gaye yathA- yaha sthiti kharoSThI lipi meM rahI hai, jaba unheM mAgadhI ke abhilekha kharoSThI lipi meM utkIrNa karanA hue unhoMne na (1) kI AkRti meM AMzika parivartana kara 'Na' () kI vyavasthA kii| ata: kharoSThI meM bhI jaba azoka ke abhilekha likhe gaye to na aura Na ke antara kA dhyAna rakhA gyaa| ata: paM0 ojhA jI ke nAma para yaha kahanA ki prAcIna lipi meM 'Na' aura 'na' ke lie eka lipyakSara prayukta hotA thA nitAnta bhrAmaka hai| puna: prAcIna lipiyoM meM 'Na' evaM 'na' ke lie alaga-alaga AkRtiyAM milane kA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki prAcIna prAkRtoM meM 'Na' kA prAdhAnya thaa| mAgadhI Adi prAcIna prAkRtoM meM prAdhAnya to 'na' kA hI thA, kintu vikalpa se kahIM-kahIM 'Na' kA prayoga hotA thaa| prAkRtoM meM mUrdhanya 'Na' kA prayoga kramaza: kisa prakAra bar3hatA gayA isakI carcA bhI hama zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para pUrva meM kara cuke haiN|

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73 saMkSepa meM brAhmI lipi ke azokakAlIna mAgadhI abhilekhoM meM prArambha se hI jaba 'na' aura 'Na' kI svatantra AkRtiyA~ nirdhArita haiM to unameM utkIrNa 'na' ko 'Na' nahIM par3hA jA sakatA hai, punaH kharoSThI lipi meM bhI mAgadhI aura paizAcI prAkRtoM kI prakRti ke anusAra 'na' hI par3hanA hogaa| bhAI sudIpajI ne prAkRtavidyA, apraila-jUna 1997 ke 'sabase bar3A abhizApa : aMgUThA chApa' nAmaka zIrSaka se prakAzita sampAdakIya meM likhA hai " isI prakAra prAkRta ke 'no NaH sarvatra' niyama kA apavAda ina zilAlekhoM meM prAyaza: 'na' pATha kI upalabdhi batAyA gayA hai| sva0 ojhAjI ne isakA samAdhAna dete hue likhA hai ki prAcIna bhAratIya lipiyoM, vizeSata: brAhmI lipi meM 'na' evaM 'Na' varNoM ke lie eka hI AkRti ( lipi - akSara) prayukta hotI thii| jaise ki aMgrejI meM 'N' kA prayoga 'n' evaM 'N' donoM ke lie hotA hai| taba use 'na' par3hA hI kyoM jAye ? jaba prAkRta meM NakAra ke prayoga kA hI vidhAna hai aura use ukta niyamAnusAra 'Na' par3hA jA sakatA hai; to eka kRtrima vivAda kI kyA sadAzayatA ho sakatI hai ? kintu pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne 'na' pATha rakha diyA aura use dekhakara hamane kaha diyA ki zilAlekhoM kI prAkRta meM 'na' kA prayoga prAcIna hai aura 'Na' kA prayoga paravartI hai| yaha vastuta: eka avicArita, zIghratAvaza kiyA gayA vacana-prayoga mAtra hai|" unakI ye sthApanAe~ kitanI nirAdhAra aura bhrAnta hai yaha uparyukta carcA se spaSTa hai 1. 2. -- no NaH sarvatra ke niyama kA apavAda ina zilAlekhoM meM prAyaza: 'na' pATha kI upalabdhi hai - jo uparyukta samasta pramANoM se siddha hotA hai| ataH zilAlekhIya prAkRta mAgadhI / ardhamAgadhI ke nikaTa hai aura usameM zaurasenI ke donoM viziSTa lakSaNa dantya 'na' ke sthAna para mUrdhanya 'Na' aura madhyavartI 't' ke sthAna para 'd' kA abhAva hai| - brAhmI lipi meM prArambhika kAla se 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie alaga-alaga AkRtiyA~ rahI haiN| yaha bAta paM0 gaurIzaMkarajI ojhA ke bhAratIyaprAcInalipimAlA pustaka ke lipipatroM se hI siddha ho jAtI hai| ataH unake nAma se yaha pracAra karanA ki prAcIna brAhmI lipi meM 'na' evaM 'Na' varNoM ke lie eka hI AkRti ( lipi - akSara) kA prayoga hotA thA bhrAmaka aura nirAdhAra hai| - zIrSastha vidvAnoM ke kathana ko tor3a-maror3a kara prastuta kara apanI bAta ko siddha karanA bauddhika aprAmANikatA hai aura lagatA hai ki bhAI sudIpajI kisI Agrahavaza aisA karate jA rahe haiN| ve eka asatya ko satya siddha karane ke lie eka ke bAda eka asatyoM kA pratipAdana karate jA rahe haiN|

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74 3. pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne abhilekhoM ke jo bhI pATha nirdhArita kiye haiM ve suvicArita aura prAmANika haiM, unheM aprAmANika kahane ke pUrva unakA vyApaka tulanAtmaka evaM taTastha adhyayana honA Avazyaka hai| dUsaroM ko 'aMgUThA chApa' kahane ke pahale hameM apanI yathArtha sthiti ko jAna lenA caahie| jo bAta paM0 ojhA jI ne kharoSThI lipi ke lipipatra 67 sambandha meM kahI ho, use unakI kRti kA adhyayana kiye binA, binA pramANa ke brAhmI ke sambandha meM kaha denA sudIpa jI ke ajJAna, aprAmANikatA. aura pallavagrAhI pANDitya ko hI prakaTa karatA hai| isa prakAra ke aparipakva aura aprAmANika lekhana se 'aMgUThAchApa' kauna siddha hogA, yaha vicAra kara lenA caahie| prAkRta meM 'na' kA prayoga prAcIna hai aura 'Na' kA prayoga paravartI hai - isakI siddhi to abhilekhoM vizeSa rUpa se zaurasena pradeza evaM mathurA ke prAcIna abhilekhoM meM prArambha meM 'Na' kI anupasthiti aura phira usake bAda kAlakrama meM usake pratizata meM huI vRddhi Adi se hI ho jAtI hai jisakI prAmANika carcA paM0 ojhA jI kI pustaka ke AdhAra para hama kara cuke haiN| ata: prAkRta meM 'na' kA athavA vikalpa se na aura Na kA prayoga prAcIna hai aura 'no NaH sarvatra' kA siddhAnta aura usako mAnya karane vAlI prAkRteM paravartI haiM, yaha eka suvicArita tathyapUrNa nirNaya hai| rahI bAta vivAda uThAne kI aura sadAzayatA kI, to sudIpa jI svayaM hI batAyeM ki zaurasenI ko prAcIna batAne kI dhuna meM 'ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya para nakala karake kRtrima rUpa se pA~cavIM zatI meM zaurasenI AgamoM se nirmita 'jaise mithyA Aropa kisane lagAye, vivAda kisane prArambha kiyA aura sadAzayatA kA abhAva kisameM hai| kyA jo vyakti vyaMga meM apanI patrikA ke sampAdakIya meM vidvAnoM ko aMgUThAchApa batAye aura unakI tulanA bicchu se kare, use sadAzayI mAnA jAyegA, svayaM hI vicAraNIya hai| vastuta: brAhmI lipi meM 'na' aura 'Na' ke lie eka hI AkRti hotI hai - yaha kaha kara bhAI sudIpa jI ne zaurasenI kI prAcInatA ko siddha karane ke lie paM0 ojhA jI ke nAma para eka chakkA mArane kA prayAsa kiyA, unheM kyA patA thA ki 'kaica' ho jAyegA aura 'AuTa' honA pdd'egaa|

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oDmAgadhI prAkRta : eka nayA zaguphA jaba abhilekhIya prAkRta ko zaurasenI prAkRta siddha karane kA prayatna saphala nahIM huA, to DaoN0 sudIpa jI ne abhilekhIya prAkRta ko oDmAgadhI prAkRta batAne kA eka nayA zaguphA chor3A hai| isa sambandha meM unhoMne prAkRta vidyA, apraila-jUna 1998 meM 'oDmAgadhI prAkRta : eka paricayAtmaka anuzIlana' nAmaka lekha likhA / Azcarya yaha hai ki prAkRta bhASA ke r3hAI hajAra varSa ke sudIrgha itihAsa meM Aja taka eka bhI vidvAn aisA nahIM huA, jisane oDmAgadhI prAkRta kA kahI saMketa bhI kiyA ho / vibhinna prAkRtoM ke viziSTa lakSaNoM kA nirdeza karane ke lie aneka prAkRta vyAkaraNa likhe gaye, kintu kisI ne bhI oDmAgadhI prAkRta kA kahIM koI nAmollekha bhI nahIM kiyaa| yaha DaoN0 sudIpa jI kI anokhI sUjha hai ki unhoMne eka aisI prAkRta kA nirdeza kiyA jisakA bar3e-bar3e prAkRta bhASAvidoM, itihAsakAroM aura vaiyAkaraNoM ko bhI atA-patA nahIM thaa| nizcita hI aisI adbhuta khoja ke lie ve vidvat varga kI badhAI ke pAtra hote / kintu isake lie hameM yaha to nizcita karanA hogA ki kyA yaha eka tathyapUrNa khoja hai yA mAtra eka zaguphA / DaoN. sudIpajI ne oDmAgadhI prAkRta kI puSTi ke lie bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra ko pramANa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki bharatamuni ne apane nATyazAstra meM nATya kI cAra prakAra kI vRttiyoM - (1) AvantI, (2) dAkSiNatyA, (3) paJcAlI, aura (4) oDmAgadhI kA nirdeza kiyA hai, mAtra yahI nahIM ina vRttiyoM (nATyazailiyoM) kI carcA karate hue unhoMne inake vistAra kSetra kI bhI carcA kI hai aura oDmAgadhI vRtti kA kSetra sampUrNa pUrvI bhArata batAyA hai, jo vartamAna meM pazcima meM prayAga se lekara pUrva meM brahmadeza taka aura uttara meM nepAla se lekara dakSiNa meM baMgAla aura dakSiNI ur3IsA ke samudrataTa taka batAyA hai| lekina yahA~ jisa oDmAgadhI vRtti kI carcA kI gayI hai, vaha eka nATya-vidhA yA nATya zailI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki vRtti yA zailI kA sambandha usa kSetra kI vezabhUSA, bolacAla, AcAra-paddhati evaM vANijya-vyavasAya Adi se hotA hai, vaha eka saMskRti ko prastuta karatI hai, jisameM uparokta tathya bhI sannihita hote haiN| phira bhI oDmAgadhI eka nATyazailI hai na ki eka bhASA / bhastamuni ne kahIM bhI usakA ullekha eka bhASA ke rUpa meM nahIM kiyA hai| yaha DaoN0 sudIpa kI bhrAmaka kalpanA hai ki eka nATyazailI ko ve eka bhASA siddha kara rahe haiN| Aja jaise oDIsI eka

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76 nRtya zailI hai| Aja yadi koI 'oDisI' zailI ko bhASA kahe, to vaha usake ajJAna kA hI sUcaka hogaa| usI prakAra oDmAgadhI, jo eka nATyazailI rahI hai usako eka bhASA kahanA eka dussAhasa hI hogA jo DaoN0 sudIpajI hI kara sakate haiN| yadi oDmAgadhI nAmaka koI bhASA hotI to do hajAra varSa kI isa avadhi meM saMskRta evaM prAkRta kA koI na koI vidvAn to usakA bhASA ke rUpa meM ullekha karatA athavA saMskRta - prAkRta bhASA ke kisI vyAkaraNa meM usake lakSaNoM kI koI carcA avazya huI hogii| bharatamuni ne apane nATyazAstra meM jahA~ bhI oDmAgadhI kA ullekha kiyA hai, use eka nRtyazailI ke rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA hai, kahIM bhI usakA bhASA ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM kiyaa| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki nRtyazailI meM bhI vezabhUSA, bhASA Adi sAMskRtika tattva antarnihita hote haiN| kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki oDmAgadhI nAmaka koI bhASA thI / vastutaH oDmAgadhI eka vRtti, pravRtti yA zailI hI thii| bharatamuni aura unake TIkAkAroM aura vyAkhyAkAroM ne sadaiva hI usakA nATyazailI ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai, bhAratIya vAGmaya meM aisA eka bhI sandarbha nahIM hai, jo oDmAgadhI ko eka bhASA ke rUpa meM ullekhita karatA ho| vastutaH omAgadhI hai kyA? vaha oD aura mAgadhI ina do zabdoM se banA eka saMyukta zabda rUpa hai, isameM oD vartamAna ur3IsA pradeza kI aura mAgadhI magadha pradeza kI nATyazailI kI sUcaka hai| ur3IsA aura magadha pradeza kI mizrita nATya zailI ko hI omAgadhI kahA gayA hai jo sampUrNa pUrvIya bhArata meM pracalita thii| vaha eka mizrita nATyazailI mAtra hai| kintu DaoN0 sudIpajI use bhASA mAna baiThe haiM, ve prAkRta - vidyA, apraila-u - jUna 1998 meM pR0 13-14 para likhate haiM- " oDmAgadhI prAkRta bhASA kA IsA pUrva ke vRhattara bhAratavarSa ke pUrvI kSetra meM pUrNataH varcasva thA, yaha na kevala ina kSetroM meM bolI jAtI thI apitu sAhitya lekhana Adi bhI isI meM hotA thaa| isIlie samrATa khAravela kA kaliMga abhilekhana (hAthI - guphA abhilekha) bhI isI omAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai" / prathamataH to oDmAgadhI mAtra nATyazailI thI, bhASA nahIM kyoMki Aja taka eka bhI vidvAn ne isakA bhASA ke rUpa meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / punaH jaisAki bhAI sudIpajI likhate haiM ki isameM sAhitya lekhana hotA thA to ve aise eka bhI grantha kA nAmollekha bhI kareM, jo isa oDmAgadhI meM likhA gayA ho / punaH yadi bakaula unake ise eka bhASA mAna bhI leM to yaha ur3IsA aura magadha kSetra kI boliyoM ke mizrita rUpa ke atirikta kucha bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki sabhI vidvAnoM ne eka mata se yaha mAnA hai ki ardhamAgadhI, mAgadhI aura usake samIpavartI prAdezika boliyoM ke zabda rUpoM se banI eka mizrita bhASA hai| ur3IsA magadha kA samIpavartI pradeza hai ataH usake zabda svAbhAvika rUpa meM usameM sammilita haiN| ataH oDmAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI yA usakI eka vizeSa vidhA

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oo ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM hai| vastuta: DaoN0 sudIpajI ko ardhamAgadhI ke nAma se hI ghRNA hai, unheM isa nAma ko svIkAra karane para apane sAmpradAyika abhiniveza para coTa pahuMcatI naz2ara AtI hai| unakA isake pIche ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unake mAnane vAle ke prati vaimanasya pradarzita karane ke alAvA kyA uddezya hai, maiM nahIM jAnatA? unhoMne hAthIgumphA abhilekha ko prAdarza mAnakara usase oDmAgadhI ke kucha lakSaNa bhI nirdhArita kiye haiM, AeM dekheM unameM kitanI satyatA hai aura ve ardhamAgadhI ke lakSaNoM se kisa artha meM bhinna haiN| ve likhate haiM ki "isa abhilekha meM sarvatra pada ke prArambha meM 'Na' varNa kA prayoga huA hai, tathA anta meM 'na' varNa AyA hai, jabaki ardhamAgadhI meM pada ke prArambha meM 'na' varNa AtA hai tathA anta meM 'Na' varNa AtA hai| vastuta: yaha prAcIna zaurasenI jo ki digambara jainAgamoM kI mUlabhASA se prabhAvita mAgadhI kA viziSTa rUpa hai| isase dantya sakAra kI prakRti, 'ka' varNa kA 'ga' varNa Adeza, 'tha' ke sthAna para 'dha' kA prayoga evaM akArAnta pu0 prathamA eka vacanAnta rUpoM meM okArAnta kI pravRtti vizuddha zaurasenI kA hI amiTa evaM maulika prabhAva hai|" / - prAkRta vidyA, apraila-jUna 1998, pR0 14. prathamata: unakA yaha kahanA sarvathA asatya aura aprAmANika hai ki isa abhilekha meM pada ke prArambha meM 'Na' varNa kA prayoga huA hai tathA pada ke anta meM 'na' varNa AyA hai| vidvat janoM ke tAtkAlika sandarbha ke lie hama nIce hAthIgumphA khAravela kA abhilekha uddhRta kara rahe haiM -- Language : Prakrit resembling pali Script : Brahmi of about the end of the 1st century B.C. Text 1. namo arahaMtAnaM (1) namo sava-sidhAnaM (II ) aireNa mahArAjena mahAmeghavAhanena ceti-rAja-va ( // ) sa-vadhanena pasatha-subha-lakhanena caturaMtaluTha (Na)-guNa-upitena kaliMgAdhipatinA siri-khAravelena 2. (pa) darasa-vasAni sIri- (kaDAra)- sarIra-vatA kIDitA kumAra- kIDikA (II) tato lekha-rUpa gaNanA-vavahAra-vidhi-visAradeva sava-vijAvadAtena nava-vasAni yovaraja (pa) sAsitaM ( / / ) saMpuMNa- catuvIsiti- vaso tadAni vadhamAnasesayovenAbhivijayo tatiye 3. kaliMga rAja vase purisa-yuge mahArAjAbhisecanaM pApunAti ( / ) abhisitamato ca paghame vase vAta-vihata gopura-pAkAra-nivesanaM paTisaMkhArayati kaliMganagarikhibI (ra) (1) sitala-taDAga-pADiyo ca baMdhApayati savUyAna-pa (Ti) saMthapanaM ca

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78 4. kArayati panati (si) sAhi sata-sahasehi pakatiyo ca raMjayati ( / ) dutiye ca vase acitayitA sAtakaMni pachima disaM haya- gaja-nara- ragha - bahulaM daMDaM paThApayati (1) kanhaNA - gatAya ca senAya vitAsiti asikanaraM ( 11 ) tatiye puna vase 5. gaMdhava - veda-budho dapa- nata-gIta-vAdita - saMdasanAhi usava- samAja - kArApanAhi ca kIDApayati nagariM ( / / ) tathA cavathe vase vijAdharAdhivAsaM ahatapuvaM kaliMga va rAja (nivesita) vitadha (ku) ca nikhita chata 6. bhiMgAre (hi) ta ratana sapateye sava raThika bhojake pAde vaMdApayati ( 1 ) paMcame ca dAnI vase naMda-rAja-ti-vasa-sata - o (ghA) TitaM tanasuliya- - vATA paNADiM nagaraM pavesa (ya) tiMso (II) ( a ) bhisito ca (chaTe vase ) rAjaseyaM saMdaMsayaMto savakara-vaNa ******... 7. anugaha anekAni sata sahasAni visajati pora jAnapadaM ( 11 ) satamaM ca vasaM (pasA) sato vajiradhara samatuka pada (ku) ma (1) aThame ca vase mahatA sena (T) goradhagiriM 8. ghAtApayitA rAjagaha upapIDapayati ( / ) etina (T) ca kaMmapadAna sa (T) nAdena sena vAhane vipamucituM madhuraM apayAto yavanarAM (ja) (Dimita ) palava yachati 9. kaparUkhe haya gaja ratha saha yati sava-gharAvAsa brahmaNAnaM ja (ya) parihAraM dadAti ( / ) arahata *********** ........... 10. mahAvijaya pAsAdaM kArayati aThatisAya sata sahasehi ( 11 ) dasame ca vase daMDa saMdhI sA (mamayo) ( ) bharadhavasa paThA ( ) naM maha (1) jayanaM ( ) kArApayati (II ) (ekAdasame ca vase ) pa (T) yAtAnaM ca ma (ni) ratanAni upalabhate ( ) ******...... . savagahaNaM ca kArayituM .......... 11. puvaM rAja- nivesitaM pIthuMDaM gadabha-naMgalena kAsayati ( 1 ) jana (pa) dabhAvanaM ca terasa vasa sata kataM bhi ( ) dati tramira daha ( ) saMghAta (1) vArasame ca vase (saha) sehi vitAsayati utarApadha rAjAno ( navame ca vase) 12. ma ( 1 ) gaMdhAnaM ca vipulaM bhayaM janeto hathasaM gaMgAya pAyayati ( / ) ma (ga) dha ( ) ca rAjAnaM vahasatimitaM pAde vaMdApayati ( / ) naMdarAja nItaM ca kA (li) ga jinaM aMga-magadha vasuM ca nayati ( / )..... saMnivasa 13. (ka) tu () jaThara (likhila - (gopu) rANi siharANi nivezayati sata visikanaM (pa) rihArehi ( / ) abhutamachariyaM ca hathI - nivA ( sa ) parihara

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79 haya-hathi ratana (mAnika) paMDarAjA ............. (mu) tamani ratanAni AharApayati idha sata (sahasAni) 14. ............... sino vasIkaroti (1) terasame ca vase supavata vijaya cake kumArIpavate arahate (hi ) pakhina saM(si) tehi kAyanisIdiyAya yApUjAvakehi rAjabhitina cina vatAni vAsa (T) (si) tAni pUjAnurata uvA (sagA-khA) ravela sirinA jIvadeha (sayi) kA parikhAtA (|) 15. ................ sakata-samaNa suvihitAnaM ca sava disAnaM a(ni) naM () tapasi i (si) na saMghiyanaM arahatanisIdiyA samIpe pAbhAre barAkAra samuthApitAhi anekayojanA hitAhi............ silAhi 16.............. catare ca veDDariya gabhe thaMme patiThApayati pAnatarIya sata sahasehi (1) mu(khi)ya kala vochinaM ca coya(Thi) aMga saMtika ( ) turiyaM upAdayati (1) khema rAjA sa vaDha rAjA sa bhikhu rAjA dhama rAjA pasaM (to) sunaM (to) anubhava (to) kalAnAni 17. ............... guNa visesa kusalo sava pAsaMDa pUjako sava de (vAya) tana sakAra kArako apatihata caka vAhanavalo cakadharo gutacako pavatacako rAjasivasU kula vinizrito mahAvijayo rAjA khAravelasiri ( // ) isa sampUrNa abhilekha meM kahIM bhI pada ke prArambha meM 'Na' aura anta meM 'na' nahIM hai| isake viparIta pada ke prArambha meM 'na' evaM anta meM 'na' yA 'Na' varNa ke aneka udAharaNa haiM, jise ve ardhamAgadhI kI vizeSatA svIkAra karate haiM yathA - namo arahaMtAnaM, namo savasidhAnaM, mahArAjena lakhanena kaligAdhipatinA, khAravelena, navavasAti, nagara, nata, vadhamAna, naMdarAja, yavana, sAtakaMni, nivesitaM, nayati, ratanAni, nisIdiyA, cinavatAni, vAsa (si)tAni, khAravela sirinA suvihatAMba disAnaM aadi| aba aMta meM Na ke kucha prayoga dekhiye -- aireNa, saMpuNaM, gahaNaM (gopurANi, siharANi) samaNa, guNa kanhaveNA aadi| kucha aise bhI zabda haiM jahAM madhyavartI Na aura anta meM na hai| jaise brahmANAna, lakhaNena aadi| ina saba udAharaNoM se to DaoN0 sudIpajI ke anusAra bhI yaha ardhamAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI prabhAvita hI siddha hotI hai| puna: isameM dantya sa kAra, ka varNa kA 'ga' AdezatathA 'tha' ke sthAna para 'dha' kA prayoga rUpa jo vizeSatAe~ haiM vaha to ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM bhI milatI hai| zaurasenI ke do viziSTa lakSaNa - na kA sarvatra Na aura madhyavartI asaMyukta t kA d to isameM kahI pAye hI nahIM jAte haiN| isI prakAra isameM vardhamAna kA vadhamAna rUpa hI milatA hai na ki zaurasenI kA vddddmaann| isa prakAra isake zaurasenI se prabhAvita hone kA koI bhI Thosa pramANa nahIM hai isake viparIta yaha mAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI se prabhAvita

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80 hai, isake anekoM antaHsAkSya svayaM isI abhilekha meM haiN| puna: kaliMga magadha ke nikaTa hai zUrasena se to bahuta dUra hai ata: vahA~ kI bhASA mAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI se to prabhAvita ho sakatI hai, kintu zaurasenI se nhiiN| ata: kaliMga ke abhilekha ko bhASA ko oDmAgadhI kahanA aura use digambara AgamoM kI tathAkathita vizuddha zaurasenI se prabhAvita kahanA pUrNata: nirAdhAra hai| khAravela ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA ko vidvAnoM ne ArSaprAkRta (ardhamAgadhI kA prAcIna rUpa) mAnA hai aura use pAli ke samarUpa batAyA hai| jaina AgamoM meM AcArAMga (prathama zrutaskandha), isibhAsiyAiM Adi kI aura bauddhapiTaka meM suttanipAta evaM dhammapada kI bhASA se isakI paryApta samarUpatA hai| donoM kI bhASAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karake koI bhI isakA parIkSaNa kara sakatA hai| usameM ardhamAgadhI ke adhikAMza lakSaNa pAye jAte haiM, jabaki zaurasenI ke viziSTa lakSaNoM jaise sarvatra 'Na' kA prayoga athavA madhyavartI t kA d, kA usameM pUrNata: abhAva hai| satya to yaha hai ki jaba abhilekhIya prAkRtoM ko zaurasenI siddha karanA sambhava nahIM haA, to unhoMne or3amAgadhI ke nAma se nayA zaguphA chodd'aa| unakI yaha tathAkathita oDmAgadhI ardhamAgadhI se kisa prakAra bhinna hai aura usake aise kauna se viziSTa lakSaNa haiM, jo prAcIna ardhamAgadhI (ArSa) yA pAli se bhinna karate haiM, kisa prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM kisa vyAkaraNakAra ne usake ina lakSaNoM kA nirdeza kiyA athavA isake nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai aura kauna se aise grantha haiM, jo oDmAgadhI meM race gaye haiM? bhAI sudIpa jI ina praznoM kA prAmANika uttara prastuta kreN| unake anusAra isa oDmAgadhI bhASA kA nirdeza bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra meM hai, to phira prAcInakAla se Aja taka anekoM prAkRta-saMskRta nATaka race gaye, kyoM nahIM kisI eka nATaka meM bhI isa oDmAgadhI kA nirdeza huA hai jabaki unameM anya prAkRtoM ke nidarzana haiN| yaha saba sapramANa spaSTa kareM anyathA AdhArahIna zaguphe chor3anA banda kreN| ina zaguphoM se ve cAhe sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se yukta zraddhAlujanoM ko prasanna kara leM, kintu vidvat varga ina sabase digbhramita hone vAlA nahIM hai| DaoN0 sadIpajI kA yaha vAkchala bhI adhika calane vAlA nahIM hai| digambara paramparA ke prAcIna AcAryagaNa aura vartamAna yuga ke aneka variSTha vidvAn yathA paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pro0 e0ena0 upAdhye, paM0 hIrAlAla jI, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI, paM0 phUlacandra jI siddhAntazAstrI, paM0 kailAzacandra jI Adi kisI ne bhI oDmAgadhI prAkRta kA kahIM koI nirdeza kyoM nahIM kiyA? sambhavata: bhAI sudIpajI ina sabase bar3e vidvAn haiM, kyoMki ve svayaM hI likhate haiM "Aja ke adhikAMza vidvAn oDmAgadhI prAkRta kA nAma bhI nahIM jAnate haiM' (prAkRta vidyA, apraila-jUna 1998, pR0 14) / cUMki ye sabhI AcAryagaNa aura vidvAn oDmAgadhI prAkRta kA nAma bhI nahIM jAnate the, kyoMki jAnate hote to avazya nirdeza karate aura bhAI sudIpajI usake nAma aura lakSaNa donoM jAnate haiM, ata: ye unase bar3e

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81 paNDita aura vidvAn haiN| unake aura unakI AdhArahIna sthApanAoM ke sambandha meM hama kyA kaheM? pAThaka svayaM vicAra kara leN| vastuta: Ajakala DaoN0 sudIpajI kA mAtra ekasUtrIya kAryakrama hai, vaha yaha ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko kRtrima (banAvaTI) rUpa se pAMcavIM zatI meM nirmita kaha kara usake prati AsthAzIla zvetAmbara samAja kI bhAvanAoM ko Ahata krnaa| isalie ve nitya-naye zaguphe chor3ate rahate haiN| unake mana meM ardhamAgadhI aura usake sAhitya ke prati kitanA vidveSa hai yaha unakI zabdAvalI se hI spaSTa hai| ve prAkRta vidyA, apraila-jUna 1998 meM pR0 14-15 para likhate haiM - "kaI Adhunika vidvAn to ise (hAthIgamphA zilAlekha ko) ardhamAgadhI meM nibaddha bhI kahakara AtmatuSTi kA anubhava kara lete haiM, ve yaha tathya nahIM jAnate haiM ki Aja kI kathita ardhamAgadhI prAkRta to kabhI lokajIvana meM pracalita hI nahIM rahI hai isalie loka sAhitya aura nATya sAhitya meM kahIM bhI isakA prayoga taka nahIM milatA hai| IsApUrva kAla meM isa bhASA kA astitva nahIM thaa| yaha to pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM valabhI vAcanA ke samaya kRtrima rUpa se nirmita kI gaI bhASA hai, yaha atyanta kheda kI bAta hai ki Aja ke adhikAMza vidvAn oDmAgadhI prAkRta kA nAma bhI nahIM jAnate haiN| jise ve zaurasenI se prabhAvita mAgadhI yAni ardhamAgadhI kahate haiM vastuta: vaha yahI oDmAgadhI hai, jo IsA pUrva kAla meM pracalita thii| pA~cavIM zatAbdI IsvI meM yaha astitva meM AyI evaM kucha logoM dvArA mila baiThakara kRtrima rUpa se banAyI gayI tathAkathita ardhamAgadhI yA ArSabhASA nahIM thii| isakA nAma chipAkara kRtrima ardhamAgadhI bhASA para oDmAgadhI prAkRta kI vizeSatAoM kA lebila cipakAkara dhuAMdhAra pracAra karanA eka jhUTha ko sau bAra bolo to vaha saca ho jAyegA isa bhrAmaka mAnasikatA ke kAraNa huA hai| vastuta: yaha tathAkathita kRtrima ardhamAgadhI prAkRta na to lokajIvana meM thI, na lokasAhitya meM thI, na kisI abhilekha Adi meM rahI hai aura na hI vyAkaraNa evaM bhASAzAstra ne kabhI ise mAnyatA dI hai| korI nArebAjI se koI bhASA na to banatI hai aura na calatI hai| bharatamuni kathita oDmAgadhI ko ardhamAgadhI batAkara bahuta dinoM taka calA liyA tathA ise pramANa batAkara ardhamAgadhI ko IsA pUrva taka le jAne kA prayatna bhI kiyaa| yahIM nahIM padyoM meM ardhamAgadhI evaM oDmAgadhI- ina padoM meM mAtrA evaM varNoM kI dRSTi se koI antara na hone se yaha chala bahuta samaya taka cala bhI gayA, kyoMki chandobhaMga na hone se kisI ne etarAja nahIM kiyaa|' prAkRta vidyA, apraila-jUna 1998, pR0 14-15. DaoN0 sudIpa jI ke prastuta kathana ke do hI uddezya haiM- prathama to apane pUrvavartI sabhI zvetAmbara, digambara vidvAnoM aura anya bhASAvidoM ko alpajJa evaM ajJAnI siddha karanA hai, kyoMki ve sabhI inakI svaira kalpanA prasUta oDmAgadhI prAkRta ke nAma evaM

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82 prAkRta lakSaNoM se pUrNata: anabhijJa rahe haiN| do hajAra se adhika varSoM ke prAkRta bhASA ke itihAsa meM koI eka bhI vidvAn aisA nahIM huA hai jisane isa oDmAgadhI prAkRta aura isake lakSaNoM kI koI carcA kI ho aura to aura svayaM bharatamuni ne bhI kahIM bhI oDmAgadhI ko prAkRta bhASA nahIM kahA hai, sarvatra use vRtti yA pravRtti hI kahA hai| sudIpa jI sampUrNa nATyazAstra meM eka bhI aisA sthala dikhA deM jahA~ oDmAgadhI prAkRta kA nAma AyA ho aura usake lakSaNoM kI koI carcA kI gaI ho / Ajataka eka bhI bhASAvaijJAnika evaM vyAkaraNakAra bhI aisA nahIM huA, jisane isa oDmAgadhI kI kahIM koI carcA kI ho, ataH sudIpa jI kI dRSTi meM ve sabhI mUrkha the| dUsare Ajataka jo vidvAn abhilekhIya ko pAli evaM ardhamAgadhI ke samarUpa mAnate rahe athavA jo IsA pUrva meM ardhamAgadhI kA astitva mAnate rahe aura usakA pracAra karate rahe ve sabhI sudIpajI kI dRSTi meM mithyAbhASI, chalachadma karane vAle aura bhrAmika mAnasikatA ke zikAra rahe haiN| Aja bhI deza-videza meM aise saikar3oM vidvAn haiM jinhoMne ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unakI bhASA kA adhyayana karane meM pUrA jIvana khapA diyA hai| vakaula sudIpajI ke to omAgadhI ko hI chala se ardhamAgadhI banA diyA gayA hai / kintu ye deza-videza ke vidvAn, kyA itane mUrkha rahe haiM ki isa chala ko samajha bhI nahIM ske| ardhamAgadhI aura usake lakSaNoM ko oDmAgadhI batAne kA chala kauna kara rahA hai, yaha to svayaM sudIpajI vicAra kareM ? yadi omAgadhI ke ve hI lakSaNa haiM, jo ArSaprAkRta yA ardhamAgadhI ke haiM, to phira use ardhamAgadhI na kahakara oDmAgadhI kahane kA Agraha kyoM hai? kyA kevala isalie ki ardhamAgadhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM kI bhASA hai| yaha to aisA hI huA ki hama to nAnI ko kAnI hI kaheMge / punaH ardhamAgadhI ko kRtrima rUpa se pA~cavIM zatI meM nirmita kahane kA, use kucha logoM dvArA mila-baiThakara banAne kA sapheda jhUTha sau-sau bAra bolane kA prayAsa kauna kara rahA hai ? sambhavataH ve svayaM hI isa jhUTha ko sau se adhika bAra to prAkRtavidyA meM hI likha cuke haiM - unheM dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sau bAra kyA hajAra bAra bolane para bhI jhUTha jhUTha hI rahatA hai saca nahIM hotA hai| ve cAhe ardhamAgadhI bhASA aura usake Agama sAhitya ko kRtrima rUpa se pA~cavIM zatI meM nirmita kahate raheM, usakI jisa prAcInatA ko deza-videza meM saikar3oM vidvAn mAnya kara cuke haiM usa para koI A~ca Ane vAlI nahIM hai / ve ardhamAgadhI ko lokajIvana aura lokasAhitya meM apracalita hone kA pratipAdana kara rahe haiM, kintu ve jarA yaha to batAyeM ki unakI svaira kalpanA prasUta tathAkathita oDmAgadhI prAkRta meM kitanA sAhitya hai, kisa nATaka meM isakA prayoga huA hai, kauna se vyAkaraNakAra ne isake nAma aura lakSaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai? ardhamAgadhI kA Agama sAhitya to itanA vipula hai ki usameM yugIna lokajIvana kI sampUrNa jhAMkI mila jAtI hai| oDmAgadhI kA bhASA ke rUpa meM kahIM bhI koI ullekha nahIM hai, use bhASA banA denA aura jisa ardhamAgadhI ke bhASA ke rUpa meM anekazaH ullekha

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83 hoM aura jisakA vipula prAcIna sAhitya ho, use nakAra denA mithyA duSpracAra ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai? isa sabake pIche zvetAmbara sAhitya aura samAja kI avamAnanA kA suniyojita SaDyantra hai| ata: unheM AtmarakSA ke lie sajaga hone kI AvazyakatA hai|

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bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM nihita anekAnta - anekAntavAda ko mukhyata: jainadarzana kA paryAya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha kathana satya bhI hai, kyoMki anya dArzanikoM ne usakA khaNDana mukhyata: usake isI siddhAnta ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| dUsarI ora yaha bhI satya hai ki anekAntavAda kA vikAsa aura tArkika AdhAroM para usakI puSTi jaina dArzanikoM ne kI hai| ata: anekAntavAda ko jaina darzana kA paryAya mAnanA samucita bhI hai; kintu isakA yaha bhI artha nahIM hai ki anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM isakA pUrNataH abhAva hai / sattA sambandha meM anekAnta eka anubhUta satya hai aura anubhUta satya ko svIkAra karanA hI hotA hai| vivAda yA matavaibhinya anubhUti ke AdhAra para nahIM, usakI abhivyakti ke AdhAra para hotA hai| abhivyakti ke lie bhASA kA sahArA lenA hotA hai, kintu bhASAyI abhivyakti apUrNasImita aura sApekSa hotI hai ataH usameM matabheda hotA hai aura una matabhedoM kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karane yA una paraspara virodhI kathanoM ke bIca samanvaya lAne ke prayAsa meM hI anekAntavAda kA janma hotA hai| vastuta: anekAntavAda yA anekAntika dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa nimna tIna AdhAroM para hotA hai 1. baha-AyAmI vastutattva ke sambandha meM aikAntika vicAroM yA kathanoM kA niSedhA 2. bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM ke AdhAra para bahu-AyAmI vastutattva ke sambandha meM prastuta virodhI kathanoM kI sApekSika satyatA kI svIkRti / 3. paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAlI vicAra-dhArAoM ko samanvita karane kA pryaas| vedoM meM prastuta anekAnta dRSTi prastuta Alekha meM hamArA prayojana ukta avadhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para jainetara bhAratIya cintana meM anaikAntika dRSTikoNa kahA~-kahA~ kisa rUpa meM ullekhita hai isakA digdarzana karAnA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM veda prAcInatama hai| unameM bhI Rgveda sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| Rgveda na kevala paramatattva ke sat aura asat pakSoM ko svIkAra karatA hai apitu inake madhya samanvaya bhI karatA hai| Rgveda ke nAsadIyasUkta (10/129/1) meM paramatattva ke sat yA asat hone ke sambandha meM na kevala jijJAsA prastuta kI gaI

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85 apitu RSi ne yaha bhI kaha diyA ki parama sattA ko hama na sat kaha sakate haiM aura na asat / isa prakAra vastutattva kI bahu-AyAmitA aura usameM apekSA bheda se paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle pakSoM kI yugapad upasthiti kI svIkRti hameM veda kAla se hI milane lagatI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM Rgveda kA yaha kathana-"ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadantyagniM (1/164/46)" paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAlI mAnyatAoM kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karate hue unameM samanvaya karane kA prayAsa hI to hai| isa prakAra hameM anaikAntika dRSTi ke astitva ke pramANa Rgveda ke kAla se hI milane lagate haiN| yaha bAta na kevala vaidika RSiyoM dvArA anaikAntika dArzanika dRSTi kI svIkRti kI sUcaka hai apitu isa siddhAnta kI traikAlika satyatA aura prAcInatA kI bhI sUcaka hai| cAhe vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM saptabhaMgI kA vikAsa eka paravartI ghaTanA ho, kintu anekAnta to utanA hI purAnA hai jitanA Rgveda kA yaha aNsh| Rgvaidika RSiyoM ke samakSa sattA yA paramatattva ke bahu-AyAmI hone kA pRSTa khulA huA thA aura yahI kAraNa hai ki ve kisI aikAntika dRSTi meM Abaddha honA nahIM cAhate the| Rgveda ke dazama maNDala kA nAsadIya sUkta (10/129/1) isa tathya kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai nAsadAsInosadAsIttadAnIM nAsIdrajo na vyoma paroyat / satya to yaha hai ki usa paramasattA ko jo samasta astitva ke mUla meM hai, sat, asat, ubhaya yA anubhaya - kisI eka koTi meM Abaddha karake nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM usake sambandha meM jo bhI kathana kiyA jA sakegA vaha bhASA kI sImitatA ke kAraNa sApekSa hI hogA nirapekSa nahIM) yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidika RSi usa paramasattA yA vastu tattva ko sat yA asat nahIM kahanA cAhatA hai, kintu prakArAntara se ve use sat bhI kahate haiM- yathA- ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadantyagniM (1/164/46) aura asat bhI kahate haiM yathA- devAnAM yuge prathame'sataH sadajAyata (10/72/3) / isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki vaidika RSi anAgrahI anekAnta dRSTi ke hI sampoSaka rahe haiN| aupaniSadika sAhitya aura anekAntavAda na kevala vedoM meM, apitu upaniSadoM meM bhI isa anekAntika dRSTi ke ullekha ke anekoM saMketa upalabdha haiN| upaniSadoM meM aneka sthaloM para paramasattA ke bahuAyAmI hone aura usameM paraspara virodhI kahe jAne vAle guNadharmoM kI upasthiti ke sandarbha milate haiN|jb hama upaniSadoM meM anekAntikadRSTi ke sandarbho kI khoja karate haiM to unameM hameM nimna tIna prakAra ke dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM

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86 1. alaga-alaga sandarbhoM meM paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM kA prastutIkaraNa / 2. aikAntika vicAradhArAoM kA niSedha | 3. paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM ke samanvaya kA prayAsa / sRSTi kA mUlatattva sat hai yA asat isa samasyA ke sandarbha meM hameM upaniSadoM meM donoM hI prakAra kI vicAradhArAoM ke saMketa upalabdha hote haiN| taittirIya upaniSad (2.7) meM kahA gayA hai ki prArambha meM asat hI thA usI se sat utpanna huaa| isI vicAradhArA kI puSTi chAndogyopaniSad (3/19/1) se bhI hotI hai / usameM bhI kahA gayA hai ki sarvaprathama asat hI thA usase sat huA aura sat se sRSTi huii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ina donoM meM asat vAdI vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana huA, kintu isI ke viparIta usI chAndogyopaniSad (6/2/1, 3) meM yaha bhI kahA gayA ki pahale akelA sat hI thA, dUsarA kucha nahIM thA, usI se yaha sRSTi huI hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (1/4/1-4) meM bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo kucha bhI sattA hai usakA AdhAra lokAtIta sat hI hai| prapaJcAtmaka jagat isI sat se utpanna hotA hai| - isI taraha vizva kA mUlatattva jar3a hai yA cetana isa prazna ko lekara upaniSadoM meM donoM hI prakAra ke sandarbha upalabdha hote haiN| eka ora bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (2/ 4/12) meM yAjJavalkya, maitreyI se kahate haiM ki cetanA inhIM bhUtoM meM se utpanna hokara unhIM meM lIna ho jAtI hai to dUsarI ora chAndogyopaniSad (6/2/1, 3) meM kahA gayA hai ki pahale akelA sat (citta tattva) hI thA dUsarA koI nahIM thA / usane socA ki maiM aneka ho jAUM aura isa prakAra sRSTi kI utpatti huii| isI tathya kI puSTi taittirIyopaniSad (2/6) se bhI hotI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki upaniSadoM meM paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAyeM prastuta kI gayI haiN| yadi ye sabhI vicAradhArAyeM satya haiM to isase aupaniSadika RSiyoM kI anekAnta dRSTi kA hI paricaya milatA hai / yadyapi ye sabhI saMketa ekAntavAda ko prastuta karate haiM, kintu vibhinna ekAntavAdoM kI svIkRti meM hI anekAntavAda kA janma hotA hai| ataH hama itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM ki aupaniSadika cintana meM vibhinna ekAntavAdoM ko svIkAra karane kI anaikAntika dRSTi avazya thii| punaH upaniSadoM meM hameM aise aneka saMketa milate haiM jahA~ ekAntavAda kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (3/8/8) meM RSi kahatA hai ki 'vaha sthUla bhI nahIM hai aura sUkSma bhI nahIM hai| vaha hrasva bhI nahIM hai aura dIrgha bhI nahIM haiN|' isa prakAra yahA~ hameM spaSTatayA ekAntavAda kA niSedha prApta hotA hai| ekAnta ke niSedha ke sAtha-sAtha sattA meM paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM kI upasthiti ke saMketa bhI hameM

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upaniSadoM meM mila jAte haiN| taittirIyopaniSad (2/6) meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha parama sattA mUrta-amUrta, vAcya-avAcya, vijJAna (cetana)- avijJAna (jar3a), sat -asat, rUpa hai| isI prakAra kaThopaniSad (1/20) meM usa parama sattA ko aNu kI apekSA bhI sUkSma va mahat kI apekSA bhI mahAna kahA gayA hai| yahA~ parama sattA meM sUkSmatA aura mahattA donoM hI paraspara virodhI dharma eka sAtha svIkAra karane kA artha anekAnta kI svIkRti ke atirikta kyA ho sakatA hai? puna: usI upaniSad (3/12) meM eka ora AtmA ko jJAna kA viSaya batAyA gayA hai to vahIM dUsarI ora use jJAna kA aviSaya batAyA gayA hai| jaba isakI vyAkhyA kA prazna AyA to AcArya zaMkara ko bhI kahanA par3A ki yahA~ apekSA bheda se jo ajJeya hai use hI sUkSma jJAna kA viSaya batAyA gayA hai| yahI upaniSadakAroM kA anekAnta hai| isI prakAra zvetAzvataropaniSad (1/7) meM bhI usa parama sattA ko kSara evaM akSara, vyakta evaM avyakta aise paraspara virodhI dharmoM se yukta kahA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI sattA yA paramatattva kI bahuAyAmitA yA anaikAntikatA spaSTa hotI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM yahA~ paraspara viruddha dharmoM kI eka sAtha svIkRti isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki upaniSadakAroM kI zailI anekAntAtmaka rahI hai| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki upaniSadoM kA darzana jaina darzana ke samAna hI sattA meM paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM ko svIkAra karatA pratIta hotA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM upaniSadoM meM paraspara virodhI matavAdoM ke samanvaya ke sUtra bhI upalabdha hote haiM jo yaha siddha karate haiM ki upaniSadakAroM ne na kevala ekAnta kA niSedha kiyA, apitu sattA meM paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM ko svIkRti bhI pradAna kii| jaba aupaniSadika RSiyoM ko yaha lagA hogA ki paramatattva meM paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM kI eka hI sAtha svIkRti tArkika dRSTi se yuktisaMgata nahIM hogI to unhoMne usa paramatattva ko anirvacanIya yA avaktavya bhI mAna liyaa| taittirIya upaniSada (2) meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki vahA~ vANI kI paha~ca nahIM hai aura use mana ke dvArA bhI prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA (yato vAco nivartante / / aprApya manasA saha / / ) isase aisA lagatA hai ki upaniSad kAla meM sattA ke sat, asat, ubhaya aura avaktavya/anirvacanIya- ye cAroM pakSa svIkRta ho cuke the| kintu aupaniSadika RSiyoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne una virodhoM ke samanvaya kA mArga bhI prazasta kiyaa| isakA sabase uttama pratinidhitva hameM IzAvAsyopaniSad (4) meM milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "anejadekaM manaso javIyo nainahevA ApnuvanpUrvamarSat" arthAt vaha gatirahita hai phira bhI mana se evaM devoM se teja gati karatA hai| "tadejati tannejati tahare tadvintike", arthAt vaha calatA hai aura nahIM bhI calatA

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88 hai, vaha dUra bhI hai, vaha pAsa bhI hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM jahA~ virodhI pratIta hone vAle aMza haiM, vahIM unameM samanvaya ko mukharita karane vAle aMza bhI prApta hote haiN| paramasattA ke ekatva - anekattva, jar3atva-cetanatva Adi vividha AyAmoM meM se kisI eka ko svIkAra kara upaniSad kAla meM aneka dArzanika dRSTiyoM kA udaya huaa| jaba ye dRSTiyA~ apane-apane mantavyoM ko hI ekamAtra satya mAnate hue, dUsare kA niSedha karane lagIM taba satya ke gaveSakoM ko eka aisI dRSTi kA vikAsa karanA par3A jo sabhI kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karate hue una virodhI vicAroM kA samanvaya kara ske| yaha vikasita dRSTi anekAnta dRSTi hai jo vastu meM pratIti ke stara para dikhAI dene vAle virodha ke antas meM avirodha ko dekhatI hai aura saiddhAntika dvandvoM ke nirAkaraNa kA eka vyAvahArika evaM sArthaka samAdhAna prastuta karatI hai| isa prakAra anekAntavAda virodhoM ke zamana kA eka vyAvahArika darzana hai| vaha unheM samanvaya ke sUtra meM pirone kA saphala prayAsa karatA hai / IzAvAsya meM paga-paga para anekAnta jIvana dRSTi ke saMketa prApta hote haiN| vaha apane prathama zloka meM hI "tena tyaktena bhuJjIthA mA gRdhaH kasya sviddhanam' kahakara tyAga evaM bhoga- ina do virodhI tathyoM kA samanvaya karatA hai evaM ekAnta tyAga aura ekAnta bhoga donoM ko samyak jIvana dRSTi ke lie asvIkAra karatA hai / jIvana na to ekAnta tyAga para calatA hai aura na ekAnta bhoga para, balki jIvanayAtrA tyAga aura bhogarUpI donoM cakroM ke sahAre calatI hai| isa prakAra IzAvAsya sarvaprathama anekAnta kI vyAvahArika jIvanadRSTi ko prastuta karatA hai| isI prakAra karma aura akarma sambandhI ekAntika vicAradhArAoM meM samanvaya karate hue IzAvAsya (2) kahatA hai ki "kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchatA~ samAH" arthAt manuSya niSkAma bhAva se karma karate hue sau varSa jiiye| nihitArtha yaha hai ki jo karma sAmAnyatayA sakAma yA saprayojana hote haiM ve bandhanakAraka hote haiM, kintu yadi karma niSkAma bhAva se binA kisI spRhA ke hoM to unase manuSya lipta nahIM hotA, arthAt ve bandhana kAraka nahIM hote / niSkAma karma kI yaha jIvana-dRSTi vyAvahArika jIvanadRSTi hai| bheda - abheda kA vyAvahArika dRSTi se samanvaya karate hue usI meM Age kahA gayA hai - yastu sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmanyevAnupazyati / sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijugupsate / / (IzA 0 6 ) arthAt jo sabhI prANiyoM meM apanI AtmA ko aura AtmA meM sabhI prANiyoM ko dekhatA hai vaha kisI se bhI ghRNA nahIM krtaa| yahA~ jIvAtmAoM meM bheda evaM abheda

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89 donoM ko eka sAtha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI RSi kI anekAntadRSTi hI parilakSita hotI hai jo samanvaya ke AdhAra para pArasparika ghRNA ko samApta karane kI bAta kahatI hai| eka anya sthala para vidyA (adhyAtma) aura avidyA (vijJAna) (IzA 010 ) meM tathA sambhUti ( kAryabrahma) evaM asambhUti ( kAraNabrahma) (IzA0 12) athavA vaiyaktikatA aura sAmAjikatA meM bhI samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| RSi kahatA hai ki jo avidyA kI upAsanA karatA hai vaha andhakAra meM praveza karatA hai aura jo vidyA kI upAsanA karatA hai vaha usase bhI gahana andhakAra meM praveza karatA hai ( IzA 09 ) aura vaha jo donoM ko jAnatA hai yA donoM kA samanvaya karatA hai vaha avidyA se mRtyu para vijaya prApta kara vidyA se amRta tattva ko prApta karatA hai (IzA0 11) / yahA~ vidyA aura avidyA arthAt adhyAtma aura vijJAna kI paraspara samanvita sAdhanA anekAnta dRSTi ke vyAvahArika pakSa ko prastuta karatI hai| uparokta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki sattA kI bahu AyAmitA aura samanvayavAdI vyAvahArika jIvana dRSTi kA astitva buddha aura mahAvIra se pUrva upaniSadoM meM bhI thA, jise anekAnta darzana kA AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai| sAMkhya darzana aura anekAntavAda bhAratIya SaDdarzanoM meM sAMkhya eka prAcIna darzana hai| isakI kucha avadhAraNAeM hameM upaniSadoM meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| yaha bhI jaina darzana ke jIva evaM ajIva kI taraha puruSa evaM prakRti aise do mUla tattva mAnatA hai| usameM puruSa ko kUTastha nitya aura prakRti ko pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra usake dvaitavAda meM eka tattva parivartanazIla hai aura dUsarA aparivartanazIla / isaprakAra sattA ke do pakSa paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM se yukta hai| phira bhI unameM eka saha-sambandha hai / punaH yaha kUTastha nityatA bhI usa mukta puruSa ke sambandha meM hai, jo prakRti se apanI pRthakatA anubhUta kara cukA hai / sAmAnya saMsArI jIva / puruSa meM to prakRti ke saMyoga se apekSA bheda se nityatva aura pariNAmitva donoM hI mAnya kiye jA sakate haiN| punaH prakRti to jaina darzana ke sat ke samAna pariNAmI nitya mAnI gaI hai arthAt usameM parivartanazIla evaM aparivartanazIla donoM virodhI guNadharma apekSA bheda se rahe hue haiN| punaH triguNa-sattva, rajas aura tamas paraspara virodhI haiM, phira bhI prakRti meM ve tInoM eka sAtha rahate hai| sAMkhya darzana kA sattvaguNa sthiti kA, rajoguNa utpAda yA kriyAzIlatA kA, tamoguNa vinAza yA niSkriyatA kA pratIka hai| ataH merI dRSTi meM sAMkhya kA triguNAtmakatA kA siddhAnta aura jaina darzana kA utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmakatA kA siddhAnta eka dUsare

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90 se adhika dUra nahIM haiN| sattA kI bahu-AyAmitA aura paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM kI yugapad avasthiti yahI to anekAnta hai| dravya kI nityatA aura paryAya kI anityatA jaina darzana ke samAna sAMkhya ko bhI mAnya hai| punaH prakRti aura vikRti donoM paraspara virodhI haiM, kintu sAMkhya darzana meM buddhi (mahat), ahaMkAra aura pA~ca tanmAtrAeM-prakRti aura vikRti donoM hI mAne gaye haiN| puna: nivRtti aura pravRtti donoM paraspara virodhI haiM kintu sAMkhya darzana meM prakRti meM pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM guNa pAye jAte haiM / sAMsArika puruSoM kI apekSA se vaha pravRttyAtmaka aura mukta puruSa kI apekSA se nivRttyAtmaka dekhI jAtI hai| isI prakAra puruSa meM apekSA bheda se bhoktRtva aura abhoktRtva donoM guNa dekhe jAte haiN| yadyapi mukta puruSa kUTastha nitya hai phira bhI saMsAra dazA meM usameM kartRtva guNa dekhA jAtA hai, cAhe vaha prakRti ke nimitta se hI kyoM nahIM ho| saMsAra dazA meM puruSa meM jJAna-ajJAna, kartRtva-akartRtva, bhoktRtva -abhoktRtva ke virodhI guNa rahate haiN| sAMkhya darzana kI isa mAnyatA kA samarthana mahAbhArata ke Azvamedhika parva meM anagItA ke 47 veM adhyayana ke 7 veM zloka meM milatA hai-usameM likhA hai yo vidvAnsahavAsaM ca vivAsaM caiva pazyati / tathaivaikatvanAnAtve sa duHkhAt parimucyate / / arthAt jo vidvAn jar3a aura cetana ke bhedAbheda ko tathA ekatva aura nAnAtva ko dekhatA hai vaha daHkha se chUTa jAtA hai| jar3a (zarIra) aura cetana (AtmA) kA yaha bhedAbheda tathA ekatva meM anekatva aura anekatva meM ekatva kI yaha dRSTi anekAntavAda kI svIkRti ke atirikta kyA ho sakatI hai| vastuta: sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa aura prakRti meM AtyAntika bheda mAne binA mukti/kaivalya kI avadhAraNA siddha nahIM hogI, kintu dUsarI ora una donoM meM AtyAntika abheda mAnegeM to saMsAra kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hogii| saMsAra kI vyAkhyA ke lie unameM AMzika yA sApekSika abheda aura mukti kI vyAkhyA ke lie unameM sApekSika bheda mAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai| punaH prakRti aura puruSa ko svatantra tattva mAnakara bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM usameM una donoM kI pArasparika prabhAvakatA to mAnI gaI hai| prakRti meM jo vikAra utpanna hotA hai vaha puruSa kA sAnidhya pAkara hI hotA hai| isI prakAra cAhe hama buddhi (mahat ) aura ahaMkAra ko prakRti kA vikAra mAneM, kintu unake caitanya rUpa meM pratibhASita hone ke lie unameM puruSa kA pratibimbita honA to Avazyaka hai| cAhe sAMkhya darzana bandhana aura mukti ko prakRti ke Azrita mAne, phira bhI jar3a prakRti ke prati tAdAtmya buddhi kA kartA to kisI na kisI rUpa meM puruSa ko svIkAra karanA hogA, kyoMki jar3a prakRti ke bandhana aura mukti kI avadhAraNA tArkika dRSTi se sabala siddha nahIM hotI hai|

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91 vastuta: dvaitavAdI darzanoM- cAhe ve sAMkhya hoM yA jaina, kI kaThinAI yaha hai ki una meM tattvoM kI pArasparika kriyA-pratikriyA yA AMzika tAdAtmya mAne binA saMsAra aura bandhana kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hotI hai aura donoM ko eka dUsare se nirapekSa yA svataMtra mAne binA mukti kI avadhAraNA siddha nahIM hotI hai| ata: kisI na kisI stara para unameM abheda aura kisI na kisI stara para unameM bheda mAnanA Avazyaka hai| yahI bhedAbheda kI dRSTi hI anekAnta kI AdhAra bhUmi hai,jise kisI na kisI rUpa meM sabhI darzanoM ko svIkAra karanA hI hotA hai| sAMkhya darzana cAhe buddhi, ahaMkAra Adi ko prakRti kA vikAra mAne kintu saMsArI puruSa ko usase asampRkta nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yogasUtra sAdhanapAda ke sUtra 20 ke bhASya meM kahA gayA hai __ "sa puruSo buddheH prati saMvedI sabuddhernasvarUpo nAtyanta virUpa iti| na tAvatsvarUpaH kasmAt jJAtA-jJAta viSayatvAt-astutarhi virUpa iti nAtyantaM virUpaH, kasmAt zuddho'pyasau pratyayAnupazyo yataH pratyayaM bauddhmnupshyti|" ata: prakRti aura puruSa do svatantra tattva hokara bhI unameM pArasparika kriyA pratikriyA ghaTita hotI hai| una do tattvoM ke bIca bhedAbheda yahIM bandhana aura mukti kI vyAkhyAoM kA AdhAra hai| yoga darzana aura anekAntavAda jaina darzana meM dravya aura guNa yA paryAya, dUsare zabdoM meM dharma aura dharmI meM ekAnta bheda yA ekAnta abheda ko svIkAra nahIM karake unameM bhedAbheda svIkAra karatA hai aura yahI usake anekAntavAda kA AdhAra hai| yahI dRSTikoNa hameM yogasUtra bhASya meM bhI milatA hai ___ " dharmI tryadhvA dharmAstu tryadhvAna te lakSitA alakSitAca tAntAmavasthAM prApnuvanto 'nyatvena prati nirdizyante avasthAntarato na dravyAntarataH / yathaika rekhA zata sthAne zataM daza sthAne dazaika caiksthaane| yathAcaikatvepi strI mAtA cocyate duhitA ca svsaaceti|" yogasUtra vibhUtipAda 13 kA bhASya isI tathya ko usameM isa prakAra bhI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai- "yathA suvarNa bhAjanasya bhitvAnyathA kriyamANasya bhAvAnyathAtvaM bhavati na suvarNAnyathAtvam" ina donoM sandarbho se yaha spaSTa hai ki jisa prakAra eka hI strI apekSA bheda se mAtA, putrI athavA sAsa kahalAtI hai usI prakAra eka hI dravya avasthAntara ko prApta hokara bhI vahIM rahatA hai| eka svarNapAtra ko tor3akara jaba koI anya vastu banAI jAtI hai to usakI avasthA badalatI hai kintu svarNa vahI rahatA hai arthAt dravya kI apekSA vaha vahI rahatA hai arthAt nahIM badalatA hai, kintu avasthA badalatI hai| yahI sattA kA nityAnityatva yA bhedAbheda hai jo jaina darzana meM anekAntavAda

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92 kA AdhAra hai| isa bhedAbheda ko AcArya vAcaspati mizra isI sthala kI TIkA meM spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra karate hue likhate haiM " anubhava eva hI dharmiNo dharmAdInAM bhedAbhedau vyavasthApayanti / " mAtra itanA hI nahIM, vAcaspati mizra to spaSTa rUpa se ekAntavAda kA nirasana karake anekAntavAda kI sthApanA karate haiN| ve likhate haiM naukAntike'bheda dharmAdInAM dharmiNo, dharmIrUpavad dharmAditvaM nApyaikAntike bhede gavAzcavad dharmAditvaM sa cAnubhavo'nekAntikatvamavasthApayannapi dharmAdiSUpajanApAya dharmakeSvapi dharmiNamekamanugamayan dharmAzca parasparato vyavartayan pratyAtmamanu bhUyata iti / ekAnta kA niSedha aura anekAnta kI puSTi kA yoga darzana meM isase bar3A koI pramANa nahIM ho sakatA hai| yoga darzana bhI jaina darzana ke samAna hI sattA ko sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka mAnatA hai| yogasUtra ke samAdhipAda kA sUtra 7 isakI puSTi karatA haisAmAnya vizeSAtmano'rthasya / isI bAta ko kiJcit zabda bheda ke sAtha vibhUtipAda ke sUtra 44 meM bhI kahA gayA hai sAmAnya vizeSa samudAyo'tra dravyam / mAtra itanA hI nahIM, yogadarzana meM dravya kI nityatA- anityatA ko usI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jisa rUpa meM anekAnta darzana meM / mahAbhASya ke paMcamamAhnika meM pratipAdita hai dravyanityamAkRtiranityA, suvarNaM kayAcidAkRtyAyuktaM piNDo bhavati piNDAkRtimupamRdya rUcakAH kriyante, rUcakAkRtimupamRdya kaTakAH kriyante AkRtiranyAcAnyAbhavati dravyaM punastadeva AkRtyupamRdyena dravyamevAvaziSyate / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sAMkhya aura yoga darzana kI pRSThabhUmi meM kahIM na kahIM anekAnta dRSTi anusyUta hai| vaizeSika darzana aura anekAnta vaizeSika darzana meM jaina darzana ke samAna hI prArambha meM tIna padArthoM kI kalpanA kI gaI, ve haiM dravya, guNa aura karma, jinheM hama jaina darzana ke dravya, guNa aura paryAya kaha sakate haiN| yadyapi vaizeSika darzana bhedavAdI dRSTi se inheM eka dUsare se svatantra mAnatA hai phira bhI use inameM Azraya AzrayI bhAva to svIkAra karanA hI par3A hai| jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ Azraya - AzrayI bhAva hotA hai, vahA~ unameM kathaMcit yA sApekSika

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93 sambandha to mAnanA hI par3atA hai, unheM eka se dUsare pUrNata: nirapekSa yA svatantra nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| cAhe vaizeSika darzana unheM eka dUsare se svatantra kahe, phira bhI ve asambaddha nahIM haiN| anubhUti ke stara para dravya se pRthak guNa aura dravya evaM guNa se pRthak karma nahIM hote haiN| yahI unakA bhedAbheda hai, anekAnta hai| puna: vaizeSika darzana meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa nAmaka do svataMtra padArtha mAne gaye haiN| puna: unameM bhI sAmAnya ke do bheda kiye -- parasAmAnya aura aparasAmAnya / parasAmAnya ko hI sattA bhI kahA gayA hai, vaha zuddha astitva hai, sAmAnya hai kintu jo apara sAmAnya hai vaha sAmAnya vizeSa rUpa hai| dravya, guNa aura karma aparasAmAnya haiM aura aparasAmAnya hone se sAmAnya vizeSa ubhaya rUpa hai| vaizeSika sUtra (1/2/ 5) meM kahA bhI gayA hai "dravyatvaM guNatvaM karmatvaM ca sAmAnyAni vizeSAzca" dravya, guNa aura karma ko yugapad sAmAnya vizeSa-ubhaya rUpa mAnanA yahI to anekAnta hai / dravya kisa prakAra sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai, ise spaSTa karate hue vaizeSikasUtra (9/2/3) meM kahA gayA hai - sAmAnyaM vizeSa iti buddhyapekSam / sAmAnya aura vizeSa-donoM jJAna, buddhi yA vicAra kI apekSA se haiN| ise spaSTa karate hue bhASyakAra prazasta-pAda kahate haiM dravyatvaM pRthvItvApekSayA sAmAnyaM sattApekSayA ca vizeSa iti / dravyatva pRthvI nAmaka dravya kI apekSA se sAmAnya hai aura sattA kI apekSA se vizeSa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM eka hI vastu apekSA bheda se sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI kahI jA sakatI hai| apekSA bheda se vastu meM virodhI pratIta hone vAle pakSoM ko svIkAra karanA- yahI to anekAnta hai| upaskAra kartA ne to spaSTata: kahA hai "sAmAnya vizeSa sNjnyaampilbhte|" arthAt vastu kevala sAmAnya athavA kevala vizeSa rUpa meM hokara sAmAnya vizeSa rUpa hai aura isI tathya meM anekAnta kI prasthApanA hai| puna: vastu sat asat rUpa hai isa tathya ko bhI kaNAda maharSi ne anyonyAbhAva ke prasaMga meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM saccAsat / yaccAnyadasadatastadasat - vaizeSika sUtra (9/1/4-5) isakI vyAkhyA meM upaskArakartA ne jaina darzana ke samAna hI kahA hai yatra sadeva ghaTAdi asaditi vyavahriyate tatra tAdAtmyAbhAvaH prtiiyte| bhavati hi asannadho gavAtmanA-asan gaurazvAtmanA-asan paTo ghaTAtmanA ityaadi|

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94 tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu svasvarUpa kI apekSA se asti rUpa hai aura para svarUpa kI apekSA nAsti rUpa hai| vastu meM sva kI sattA kI svIkRti aura para kI sattA kA abhAva mAnanA yahI to anekAnta hai jo vaizeSiko bhI mAnya hai| astitva nAstitva pUrvaka aura nAstitva astitva pUrvaka hai| nyAyadarzana aura anekAntavAda nyAyadarzana meM nyAyasUtroM ke bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne nyAyasUtra ( 1 / 1/41) ke bhASya meM anekAntavAda kA Azraya liyA hai| ve likhate haiM etacca viruddhayoreka dharmisthayorbodhavyaM, yatra tu dharmI sAmAnyagato viruddhadharmI hetuta: sambhavataH tatra samuccayaH hetuto'rthasya tathAbhAvopapateH ityAdi arthAt jaba eka hI dharmI meM viruddha aneka dharma vidyamAna hoM to vicAra pUrvaka hI nirNaya liyA jAtA hai, kintu jahA~ dharmI sAmAnya meM (aneka) dharmoM kI sattA prAmANika rUpa se siddha ho, vahA~ para to use samuccaya rUpa arthAt aneka dharmoM se yukta hI mAnanA caahiye| kyoMki vahA~ para to vastu usI rUpa meM siddha hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi do dharmoM meM Atyantika virodha nahIM hai aura ve sAmAnya rUpa se eka hI vastu meM apekSA bheda se pAye jAte haiM to unheM svIkAra karane meM nyAya darzana ko Apatti nahIM hai| isI prakAra jAti aura vyakti meM kathaMcit abheda aura kathaMcit bheda mAnakara jAti ko bhI sAmAnya- vizeSAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana nyAyasUtra (2/2/66) kI TIkA meM likhate haiM yacca keSAMcid bhedaM kutazcid bhedaM karoti tatsAmAnyavizeSo jAtiriti / yaha satya hai ki jAti sAmAnya rUpa bhI hai, kintu jaba yaha padArthoM meM kathaMcit abheda aura kathaMcit bheda karatI hai to vaha jAti sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hotI hai| yahA~ jAti ko jo sAmAnya kI vAcaka hai sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka mAnakara anekAMtavAda kI puSTi kI gaI hai| kyoMki anekAntavAda vyaSTi meM samaSTi aura samaSTi meM vyaSTi kA antarbhAva mAnatA hai| vyakti ke binA jAti kI aura jAti ke binA vyakti kI koI sattA nahIM hai unameM kathaMcit bheda aura kathaMcit abheda hai| sAmAnya meM vizeSa aura vizeSa meM sAmAnya apekSA bheda se nihita rahate haiM, yahI to anekAnta hai| sattA sat-asat rUpa hai yaha bAta bhI nyAya darzana meM kArya-kAraNa kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM prakArAntara se svIkRta hai| pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM nyAyasUtra (4/1/48) meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki utpatti ke pUrva kArya ko na to sat kahA jA sakatA hai, na asat hI kahA jA sakatA hai aura na ubhaya rUpa hI kahA~ jA sakatA hai, kyoMki donoM

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meM vaidharmya hai nAsanna sannasadasat sadasatorvaidhAt / isakA uttara TIkA meM vistAra se diyA gayA hai| kintu hama vistAra meM na jA kara saMkSepa meM unake uttarapakSa ko prastuta karegeM / unakA kahanA hai ki kArya-utpatti pUrva kAraNa rUpa se sat hai kyoMki kAraNa ke asata hone se koI utpatti hI nahIM hogii| puna: kArya rUpa se vaha asat bhI hai kyoMki yadi sat hotA hai to phira utpatti kA kyA artha hotA ? ata: utpatti pUrva kArya kAraNa rUpa se sat aura kArya rUpa se asat arthAt sat -asat ubhaya rUpa hai yaha bAta buddhisiddha hai {vistRta vivecanA ke lie dekheM nyAyasUtra (4/1/48-50) kI vaidikamuni hariprasAda svAmI kI TIkA} mImAMsA darzana aura anekAntavAda- jisa prakAra anekAntavAda ke sampoSaka jaina dharma meM vastu ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka mAnA hai, usI prakAra mImAMsA darzana meM bhI sattA ko trayAtmaka mAnA hai| usake anusAra utpatti aura vinAza to dharmoM ke haiM, dharmI to nitya hai, vaha una dharmoM kI utpatti aura vinAza ke bhI pUrva hai arthAta nitya hai| vastuta: jo bAta jaina darzana meM dravya kI nityatA aura paryAya kI anityatA kI apekSA se kahI gaI hai, vahI bAta dharmI aura dharma kI apekSA se mImAMsA darzana meM kahI gaI hai| yahA~ paryAya ke sthAna para dharma zabda kA prayoga huA hai| svayaM kumArila bhaTTa mImAMsAzlokavArtika (21-23) meM likhate haiM varddhamAnakabhaMge ca rucakaH kriyate yadA / tadA pUrvArthina zokaH prIticAbhyuttarArthinaH / / hemarthinastu mAdhyasthaM tasmAd vastu prayAtmakam / notpAdasthitibhaMgAnAmabhAvai syAnmatitrayam / / na nAzena binA zoko notpAdena vinA sukhaM / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyam tena sAmAnyanityatA / / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya rUpa tripadI kI jo sthApanA jaina darzana meM hai vahI bAta zabdAntara se utpatti, vinAza aura sthiti ke rUpa meM mImAMsA darzana meM kahI gaI hai| kumArila bhaTTa ke dvArA padArtha ko utpatti, vinAza aura sthiti yukta mAnanA, avayavI aura avayava meM bhedAbheda mAnanA, sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko sApekSa mAnanA Adi tathya isI bAta ko puSTa karate haiM ki unake dArzanika cintana kI pRSThabhUmi meM kahIM na kahIM anekAnta ke tattva upasthita rahe haiN| zlokavArtika vanavAda zloka 75-80 meM to ve svayaM anekAnta kI pramANatA siddha karate haiM

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m vastvanekatvavAdAcca na sandigdhA 'pramANatA / jJAnaM saMdihyate yatra tatra na syAt pramANatA / / ihAnaikAntikaM vastvityevaM jJAnaM sunizcitam / isI aMza kI TIkA meM pArthasArathI mizra ne bhI spaSTata: anekAntavAda zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai yathA ye caikAntikaM bhedamabhedaM vA'vayavinaH samAzrayante tairevaaymnekaaNtvaad| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, usameM vastu ko sva-svarUpa kI apekSA sat para svarUpa kI apekSA asat aura ubhayarUpa se sadasat rUpa mAnA gayA hai yathA sarvaM hi vastu svarUpataH sadrUpaM pararUpatazcAsadrUpaM yathA ghaTo ghaTarUpeNa sat pttruupenn'sn| - abhAvaprakaraNa TIkA yahA~ to hamane kucha hI sandarbha prastuta kiye haiM yadi bhAratIya darzanoM ke mUlagranthoM aura unakI TIkAoM kA samyak parizIlana kiyA jAye to aise aneka tathya parilakSita hogeM jo una darzanoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM rahI huI anekAnta dRSTi ko spaSTa karate haiN| anekAnta eka anubhUtyAtmaka satya hai use nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| antara mAtra usake prastutIkaraNa kI zailI kA hotA hai| vedAntadarzana aura anekAntavAda __bhAratIya darzanoM meM vedAnta darzana vastuta: eka darzana kA nahIM, apitu darzana samUha kA vAcaka hai| brahmasUtra ko kendra meM rakhakara jina darzanoM kA vikAsa huA ve sabhI isa varga meM samAhita kiye jAte haiN| isake advaita, viziSTAdvaita, zuddhAdvaita, dvaita Adi aneka sampradAya haiN| naikasminna saMbhavAt (brahmasUtra 2/2/33) kI vyAkhyA karate hue ina sabhI dArzanikoM ne jaina darzana ke anekAntavAda kI samIkSA kI hai| maiM yahA~ unakI samIkSA kitanI ucita hai yA anucita hai isa carcA meM nahIM jAnA cAhatA hU~, kyoMki unameM se pratyeka ne kamoveza rUpa meM zaMkara kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| yahA~ merA prayojana mAtra yaha dikhAnA hai ki ve apane mantavyoM kI puSTi meM kisa prakAra anekAntavAda kA sahArA lete haiN| AcArya zaMkara ko sRSTikartA Izvara ke prasaMga meM svayaM hI pravRti- apravRti rUpa do paraspara virodhI guNa svIkAra hai| brahmasUtra, zAMkara bhASya 2/2/4 meM ve svayaM hI likhate haiMIzvarasya tu sarvajJatvAt, sarvazaktimatvAt mahAmAyatvAcca pravRtyapravRtI na viruudhyte| puna: mAyA ko na brahma se pRthak kahA jA sakatA hai aura na apRthak; kyoki pRthak mAnane para advaita khaNDita hotA hai aura apRthak mAnane para brahma mAyA ke kAraNa

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97 vikArI siddha hotA hai| puna: mAyA ko na sat kaha sakate haiM aura na ast| yadi mAyA asat hai to sRSTi kaise hogI aura yadi mAyA sat hai to mukti kaise hogI? vastuta: mAyA na sat hai aura na asat, na brahma se bhinna hai aura na abhinna / yahA~ anekAntavAda jisa bAta ko vidhi mukha se kaha rahA hai zaMkara use hI niSedhamukha se kaha rahe haiN| advaitavAda kI kaThinAI yahI hai vaha mAyA kI svIkRti ke binA jagat kI vyAkhyA nahIM kara sakatA hai aura mAyA ko sarvathA asat yA sarvathA sat athavA brahma se sarvathA bhinna yA sarvathA bhinna aisA kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| vaha paramArtha ke stara para asat aura vyavahAra ke stara para sat hai| yahIM to unake darzana kI pRSThabhUmi meM anekAnta kA darzana hotA hai| zaMkara inhIM kaThinAIyoM se bacane hetu mAyA ko jaba anirvacanIya kahate haiM, to ve kisI na kisI rUpa meM anekAntavAda ko hI svIkAra karate pratIta hote haiN| AcArya zaMkara ke atirikta bhI brahmasUtra para TIkA likhane vAle aneka AcAryoM ne apanI vyAkhyAoM meM anekAnta dRSTi ko svIkAra kiyA hai| mahAmati bhAskarAcArya brahmasUtra ke 'tattu samanvayAt' (1/1/4) sUtra kI TIkA meM likhate yadapyuttaM bhedAbhedayorvirodha iti, tadabhidhIyate anirUpita pramANaprameyatattvasyedaM codym| atobhinnAbhinna rUpaM brahmetisthitam saMgraha zloka-- kAryarUpeNa nAnAtvamabhedaH kAraNAtmanA / hemAtmanA yathA'bheda kuNDalAdyAtmanAbhidA / / (pR0 16-17) yadyapi yaha kahA jAtA hai ki bheda-abheda meM virodha hI, kintu yaha bAta vahI vyakti kaha sakatA hai jo pramANa prameya tatva se sarvathA anabhijJa hai| isa kathana ke pazcAt aneka tarkoM se bhedAbheda kA samarthana karate hue anta meM kaha dete haiM ki ata: brahma bhinnAbhinna rUpa se sthita hai yaha siddha ho gyaa| kAraNa rUpa meM vaha abheda rUpa hai aura kArya rUpa meM vaha nAnA rUpa hai, jaise svarNa kAraNa rUpa meM eka hai, kintu kuNDala Adi kAryarUpa meM anek| yaha kathana bhAskarAcArya ko prakArAntara se anekAntavAda kA sampoSaka hI siddha karatA hai| anyatra bhI bhedAbheda rUpaM brahmeti samadhigataM (2/1/22 TIkA pR. 164) kahakara unhoMne anekAntadRSTi kA hI poSaNa kiyA hai| ___ bhAskarAcArya ke samAna yatipravara vijJAnabhikSu ne brahmasUtra para vijJAnAmRta bhASya likhA hai / usameM ve apane bhedAbhedavAda kA na kevala poSaNa karate haiM, apitu apane

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98 mata kI puSTi meM kUrmapurANa, nAradapurANa, skandapurANa Adi se sandarbha bhI prastuta karate haiM yathA-- ta ete bhagavadrUpaM vizvaM sadasadAtkam / - pR0 111 caitanyApekSayA proktaM vyomAdi sakalaM jgt| asatyaM satyarUpaM tu kumbhkunnddaadypekssyo|| - pR0 63 ye sabhI sandarbha anekAnta ke sampoSaka haiM yaha to svata: siddha hai| isI prakAra nimbArkAcArya ne bhI apanI brahmasUtra kI vedAnta pArijAta saurabha nAmaka TIkA meM tattusamanvayAt (1/1/4) kI TIkA karate hue pR. 2 para likhA hai sarvabhinnAbhinno bhagavAn vAsudevo vizvAtmaiva jijJAsA viSaya iti| zuddhAdvaita mata ke saMsthApaka AcArya vallabha bhI brahmasUtra ke zrIbhASya (pR. 115) meM likhate haiM - sarvavAdAnavasaraM nAnAvAdAnurodhica / anantamUrti tad brahma kUTastha calamevaca / / viruddha sarvadharmANAM AzrayaM yuktyagocaraM / arthAt vaha anantamUrti brahma kUTastha bhI hai aura cala (parivartanazIla) bhI hai, usameM sabhI vAdoM ke lie avasara (sthAna) hai, vaha aneka vAdoM kA anurodhI hai, sabhI virodhI dharmoM kA Azraya hai aura yukti se agocara hai| yahA~ rAmAnujAcArya jo bAta brahma ke sambandha meM kaha rahe haiM, prakArAntara se anekAntavAdI jainadarzana tattva ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM kahatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki na kevala vedAnta meM bhI apitu brAhmaNa paramparA meM mAnya chahoM darzanoM ke dArzanika cintana meM anekAntavAdI dRSTi anusyUta hai| zramaNa paramparA kA dArzanika cintana aura anekAnta bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM zramaNa paramparA ke darzana na kevala prAcIna haiM, apitu vaicArika udAratA arthAt anekAnta ke sampoSaka bhI rahe haiN| vastuta: bhAratIya zramaNa paramparA kA astitva aupaniSadika kAla se bhI prAcIna hai, upaniSadoM meM zramaNadhArA aura vaidikadhArA kA samanvaya dekhA jA sakatA hai| upaniSad-kAla meM dArzanika cintana kI vividha dhArAe~ astitva meM A gaIM thIM, ata: usa yuga ke cintakoM ke sAmane mukhya prazna yaha thA ki inake ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM kA nirAkaraNa kara inameM samanvaya kisa prakAra sthApita kiyA jaaye| isa sambandha meM hamAre samakSa tIna vicAraka Ate haiM- saMjaya velaTThIputta, gautamabuddha aura varddhamAna mahAvIra /

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saMjaya velaTThIputta aura anekAnta saMjaya velIputta buddha ke samakAlIna chaha tIrthaMkaroM meM eka the| unheM anekAntavAda sampoSaka isa artha meM mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ve ekAntavAdoM kA nirasana karate the / unake mantavya kA nirdeza bauddhagranthoM meM isa rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai --- (1) hai ? nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (2) nahIM hai ? nahIM kahA jA sakatA / (3) 99 hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ? nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (4) na hai aura na nahIM hai ? nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa sandarbha se yaha phalita hai ki ve kisI bhI ekAntavAdI dRSTi ke samarthaka nahIM the| ekAntavAda kA nirasana anekAntavAda kA prathama AdhAra bindu hai aura isa artha meM unheM anekAntavAda ke prathama caraNa kA sampoSaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa rahA hogA ki rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise vicArakoM ne yaha anumAna kiyA ki saMjaya velaTThIputta ke darzana ke AdhAra para jainoM ne syAdvAdva ( anekAntavAda) kA vikAsa kiyaa| kintu merI dRSTi meM unakA yaha prastutIkaraNa vastutaH upaniSadoM ke sat, asat, ubhaya (sat-asat) aura anubhaya kA hI niSedha rUpa se prastutIkaraNa hai| isameM ekAnta kA nirasana to hai, kintu anekAnta sthApanA nahIM hai| saMjaya velaTThIputta kI yaha caturbhaMgI kisI rUpa meM buddha ke ekAMtavAda ke nirasana kI pUrvapIThikA hai| prArambhika bauddha darzana aura anekAntavAda bhagavAn buddha kA mukhya lakSya apane yuga ke aikAntika dRSTikoNoM kA nirasana karanA thA, ataH unhoMne vibhajyavAda ko apanAyA / vibhajyavAda prakArAntara se anekAntavAda kAhI pUrva rUpa hai| buddha aura mahAvIra donoM hI vibhajyavAdI the| sUtrakRtAMga (1/1/ 4/22) meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane bhikSuoM ko spaSTa nirdeza diyA thA ki ve vibhajyavAda kI bhASA kA prayoga kareM (vibhajjavAyaM vAgarejjA) arthAt kisI bhI prazna kA nirapekSa uttara nahIM deN| buddha svayaM apane ko vibhajyavAdI kahate the / vibhajyavAda kA tAtparya hai prazna kA vizleSaNapUrvaka sApekSa uttara denA / aMguttaranikAya meM kisI prazna kA uttara dene kI cAra zailiyA~ varNita haiM- (1) ekAMzavAda arthAt sApekSika uttara denA (2) vibhajyavAda arthAt prazna kA vizleSaNa karake sApekSika uttara denA (3) pratiprazna pUrvaka uttara denA aura (4) mauna raha jAnA ( sthApanIya) arthAt jaba uttara dene meM ekAnta kA Azraya lenA par3e vahA~ mauna raha jaanaa| hama dekhate haiM ki ekAnta se bacane ke lie buddha ne yA to mauna kA sahArA liyA yA phira vibhajyavAda ko apnaayaa| unakA mukhya lakSya yahI rahA ki parama tattva yA sattA ke sambandha meM

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100 zAzvatavAda, ucchedavAda jaisI paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM meM se kisI ko svIkAra nahIM krnaa| tripiTaka meM aise aneka sandarbha haiM, jahA~ bhagavAn buddha ne ekAntavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| jaba unase pUchA gayA- kyA AtmA aura zarIra abhinna haiM? ve kahate haiM maiM aisA nahIM kahatA, phira jaba yaha pUchA gayA - kyA AtmA aura zarIra bhinnAbhinna hai, unhoMne kahA maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA hU~ / puna: jaba yaha pUchA gayA hai ki AtmA aura zarIra abhinna hai to unhoMne kahA ki maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA hU~ / jaba unase yaha pUchA gayA ki gRhastha ArAdhaka hotA hai yA pravrajita ? to unhoMne anekAnta zailI meM kahA ki yadi gRhastha aura tyAgI mithyAvAdI haiM to ve ArAdhaka nahIM ho sakate yadi donoM samyak AcaraNa karane vAle haiM to ve ArAdhaka ho sakate haiM (majjhimanikAya 19) / isI prakAra jaba mahAvIra se jayaMtI ne pUchA, bhagavan sonA acchA haiM yA jAganA ? to unhoMne kahA kucha kA sonA acchA hai aura kucha kA jAganA, pApI kA sonA acchA hai aura dharmAtmA kA jAganA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prArambhika bauddhadharma evaM jainadharma meM ekAntavAda kA nirasana aura vibhajyavAda ke rUpa meM anekAntadRSTi kA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai| syAdvAda aura zUnyavAda yadi buddha aura mahAvIra ke dRSTikoNa meM koI antara dekhA jAtA hai to vaha yahI ki buddha ne ekAntavAda ke nirasana para adhika bala diyaa| unhoMne yA to mauna rahakara yA phira vibhajyavAda kI zailI ko apanAkara ekAntavAda se bacane kA prayAsa kiyaa| buddha kI zailI prAyaH ekAntavAda ke nirasana yA niSedhaparaka rahI, pariNAmata: unake darzana kA vikAsa zUnyavAda meM huA, jabaki mahAvIra kI zailI vidhAnaparaka rahI ataH unake darzana kA vikAsa anekAnta yA syAdvAda meM huaa| isI bAta ko prakArAntara se mAdhyamika kArikA (2/3) meM isa prakAra bhI kahA gayA hai na, sad nAsad na sadasat na cAnubhayAtmakam / catuSkoTivinirmuktaM tattvaM mAdhyamikA vidu || arthAt paramatattva na sat hai, na asat hai, na sat-asat hai aura na sat-asat donoM nahIM hai| 2 yahI bAta prakArAntara se vidhimukha zailI meM jainAcAryoM ne bhI kahI haiyadevatattadevAtat yadevaikaM tadevAnekaM yadevasat tadevAsat yadevanityaM tadevAnityam / arthAt jo tat rUpa hai, vahI atat rUpa bhI hai, jo eka hai, vahI aneka bhI hai, jo sat hai, vahI asat bhI hai, jo nitya hai, vahI anitya bhI hai|

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101 uparokta pratipAdanoM meM niSedhamukha zailI aura vidhimukha zailI kA antara avazya hai, kintu tAtparya meM itanA antara nahIM hai, jitanA samajhA jAtA hai| ekAntavAda kA nirasana donoM kA uddezya hai| zUnyavAda aura syAdvAd meM maulika bheda niSedhAtmaka aura vidhAnAtmaka zailI kA hai| ekAnta meM rahA huA doSa zUnyavAdI aura syAdvAdI donoM hI dekhate haiN| kintu jahA~ zUnyavAdI usa ekAnta ke doSa ke bhaya se use asvIkAra kara detA hai, vahA~ anekAntavAdI usake Age syAt zabda rakhakara usa dUSita ekAnta ko nirdoSa banAne kA prayatna karatA hai| zUnyavAda tattva ko catuSkoTivinirmukta zUnya kahatA hai to syAdvAda use anantadharmAtmaka kahatA hai, kintu smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki zUnya aura ananta kA gaNita eka hI jaisA hai| zUnyavAda jise paramArthasatya aura lokasaMvRtisatya kahatA hai use jaina darzana nizcaya aura vyavahAra kahatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki anekAntavAda aura zUnyavAda kI pRSThabhUmi meM bahuta kucha samarUpatA hai| upasaMhAra : prastuta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki samagra bhAratIya dArzanika cintana kI pRSThabhUmi meM anaikAntika dRSTi rahI huI hai| cAhe unhoMne anekAnta ke siddhAnta ko usake samyak pariprekSya meM grahaNa na kara usakI khulakara samAlocanA kI ho| vastutaH anekAnta eka siddhAnta nahIM, eka paddhati (Methodology) hai aura phira cAhe koI bhI darzana ho 'bahaAyAmI paramatattva' kI abhivyakti ke lie use isa paddhati ko svIkAra karanA hI hotA hai| cAhe hama sattA ko nirapekSa mAnoM aura yaha bhI mAnaleM ki usa nirapekSa tattva kI anubhUti bhI sambhava hai, kintu nirapekSa abhivyakti to sambhava nahIM hai| nirapekSa anubhUti kI abhivyakti kA jaba bhI bhASA ke mAdhyama se koI prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sImita aura sApekSa bana kara raha jAtI hai| anantadharmAtmaka paramatattva kI abhivyakti kA jo bhI prayatna hogA vaha to sImita aura sApekSa hI hogaa| eka sAmAnya vastu kA citra bhI jaba binA kisI koNa ke lenA sambhava nahIM hai to phira usa ananta aura anirvacanIya ke nirvacana kA dArzanika prayatna anekAnta kI paddhati ko apanAye binA kaise sambhava hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki cAhe koI bhI darzana ho, usakI prasthApanA ke prayatna meM anekAnta kI bhUmikA avazya nihita hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki sampUrNa bhAratIya dArzanika cintana kI pRSThabhUmi meM anekAnta kA darzana rahA hai| sabhI bhAratIya kisI na kisI rUpa meM anekAnta ko svIkRti dete haiM isa tathya

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102 kA nirdeza upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne adhyAtmopaniSad (1/45-49) meM kiyA hai, hama prastuta Alekha kA upasaMhAra unhIM ke zabdoM meM kareMgecitramekamanekaM ca rUpaM prAmANika vadan / yogovaizeSiko vApi nAnekAMtaM pratikSipet / / vijJAnasyamaikAkAraM nAnAkAraM karaMbitam / icchaMstathAgataH prAjJo nAnekAMtaM pratikSipet / / jAtivAkyAtmakaM vastu vadannanubhavocitam / bhATTo vA murArirvA nAnekAMtaM pratikSipet / / abaddhaM paramArthena baddhaM ca vyavahArataH / bruvANo brahmavedAntI nAnekAMtaM pratikSipet / / bruvANo bhinna-bhinnArthan nayabheda vyapekSayA / pratikSipeyuna vedAH syAdvAdaM sArvatAntrikaM //

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jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana vastusvarUpa aura paryAya ____ paryAya kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana kI eka viziSTa avadhAraNA hai| jaina darzana kA kendrIya siddhAnta anekAntavAda hai| kintu anekAnta kA AdhAra paryAya kI avadhAraNA hai| sAmAnyatayA paryAya zabda pari+Aya: se niSpanna hai| merI dRSTi jo parivartana ko prApta hotI hai, vahI paryAya hai| rAjavArtika (1/33/1/95/6) 'pari samantAdAya: paryAya, ke anusAra jo sarva ora se navInatA ko prApta hotI hai vahI paryAya hai| yaha honA (becoming) hai| vaha sattA kI parivartanazIlatA kI yA sat ke bahu AyAmI (Multi dimentional) hone kI sUcaka hai| vaha yaha batAtI hai ki astitva prati samaya pariNamana yA parivartana ko prApta hotA hai isalie yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo svabhAva yA vibhAva rUpa pariNamana karatI hai, vahI paryAya hai| jaina darzana meM astitva yA sat ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka yA pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai| utpAda-vyaya kA jo satat pravAha hai vahI paryAya hai aura jo ina parivartanoM ke svasvabhAva se cyuta nahIM hotA hai, vahI dravya hai| anya zabdoM meM kaheM to astitva meM jo arthakriyAkAritva hai, gatyAtmakatA hai, pariNAmIpana yA parivartanazIlatA hai, vahI paryAya hai| paryAya astitva kI kriyAzIlatA kI sUcaka hai| vaha parivartanoM ke sAtatya kI avasthA hai| astitva yA dravya dik aura kAla meM jina bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko prApta hotA rahatA hai, jaina darzana ke anusAra yahI avasthAeM paryAya haiM athavA sattA kA parivartanazIla pakSa paryAya hai| buddha ke isa kathana kA ki 'kriyA hai, kartA nahIM kA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki ve kisI kriyAzIlatattva kA niSedha karate haiN| unake isa kathana kA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hai ki kriyA se bhinna kartA nahIM hai| sattA aura parivartana meM pUrNa tAdAtmya hai| sattA se bhinna parivartana aura parivartana se bhinna sattA kI sthiti nahIM hai| parivartana aura parivartanazIla anyonyAzrita haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM ve sApekSa haiM, nirepakSa nhiiN| vastuta: bauddha darzana kA sat sambandhI yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana kI paryAya kI avadhAraNA se utanA dUra nahIM hai jitanA mAnA gayA hai| bauddha darzana meM sattA ko anuccheda aura azAzvata kahA gayA hai arthAt ve bhI na use ekAnta anitya mAnate haiM aura na ekAnta nity| vaha na anitya hai aura na nitya hai jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ne use

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104 nityAnitya kahA hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM kA yaha antara niSedhAtmaka athavA svIkArAtmaka bhASA- zailI kA antara hai / buddha aura mahAvIra ke kathana kA mUla utsa eka- dUsare se utanA bhinna nahIM hai, jitanA ki hama use mAna lete haiN| sat ko avyaya yA aparivartanazIla mAnane kA ekAnta pakSa aura sat ko parivartanazIla yA kSaNika mAnane kA ekAnta pakSa jaina aura bauddha vicArakoM ko svIkArya nahIM rahA hai| donoM meM mAtra antara yaha hai ki mahAvIra ne jahA~ astittva ke utpAda-vyaya pakSa arthAt paryAya pakSa ke sAtha-sAtha dhrauvyapakSa ke rUpa meM dravya ko bhI svIkRti pradAna kI hai| vahA~ bhagavAn buddha ne astittva ke parivartanazIla pakSa para hI adhika bala diyA / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki bauddha darzana kI astittva kI vyAkhyA jaina darzana kI paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke atinikaTa hai| bauddhoM ne paryAya arthAt arthakriyAkAritva kI zakti ko hI astittva mAna liyA / bauddha darzana ne parivartanazIlatA aura astittva meM tAdAtmya mAnA aura kahA ki parivartanazIlatA hI astitva hai (Becoming is real) / jaina darzana ne bhI dravya (Being) aura paryAya ( Becoming) arthAt 'astittva' aura ' hone' meM tAdAtmya to mAnA kintu tAdAtmya ke sAtha sAtha donoM ke svatantra astitva ko bhI svIkAra kiyA arthAt unameM bhedAbheda mAnA / sat ke sambandha meM ekAnta parivartanazIlatA kA dRSTikoNa aura ekAnta aparivartanazIlatA kA dRSTikoNa ina donoM meM se kisI eka ko apanAne para na to vyavahAra jagat kI vyAkhyA sambhava hai na dharma aura naitikatA kA koI sthAna hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki AcAramArgIya paramparA ke pratinidhi bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM bhagavAn buddha unakA parityAga Avazyaka smjhaa| mahAvIra kI vizeSatA yaha rahI ki unhoMne na kevala ekAnta zAzvatavAda kA aura ekAnta ucchedavAda kA parityAga kiyA apitu apanI anekAntavAdI aura samanvavAdI parasparA ke anusAra una donoM vicAradhArAoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyaa| paramparAgata dRSTi se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kevala 'upatre vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei' yA isa tripadI kA upadeza diyA thaa| samasta jaina dArzanika vAGmaya kA vikAsa isI tripadI ke AdhAra para huA hai| paramArtha yA sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kA yaha uparyukta kathana hI jaina darzana kA kendrIya tattva hai aura yahI usakI paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA AdhAra bhI hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra utpatti, vinAza aura dhrauvya ye tInoM hI sat ke lakSaNa haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne sat ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai (tattvArtha, 5 / 21), utpAda aura vyaya sat ke parivartanazIla pakSa ko batAte haiM to dhrauvya usake avinAzI pakSa ko / sat kA dhrauvya

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105 usake utpatti evaM vinAza kA AdhAra hai, unake madhya yojaka kar3I hai| yaha satya hai ki vinAza ke lie utpatti aura utpatti ke lie vinAza Avazyaka hai kintu utpatti aura vinAza donoM ke lie kisI aise AdhArabhUta tattva kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jisameM utpatti aura vinAza kI ye prakriyAyeM ghaTita hotI haiN| yadi hama dhrauvya pakSa ko asvIkAra kareMge to utpatti aura vinAza paraspara asambandhita ho jAyeMge aura sattA aneka kSaNika evaM asambandhita kSaNajIvI tattvoM meM vibhakta ho jaayegii| ina paraspara asambandhita kSaNika sattAoM kI avadhAraNA se vyaktitva kI ekAtmakatA kA hI viccheda ho jAyegA, jisake abhAva meM naitika uttaradAyitva aura karmaphala vyavasthA hI arthavihIna ho jaayegii| isI prakAra ekAnta dhrauvyatA ko svIkAra karane para bhI isa jagat meM cala rahe utpatti aura vinAza ke krama ko samajhAyA nahIM jA sktaa| jaina darzana meM sat ke aparivartanazIla pakSa ko dravya aura guNa tathA parivartanazIla pakSa ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai| agrima pRSThoM meM hama dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke saha sambandha ke bAre meM carcA kreNge| dravya aura paryAya kA sahasambandha hama yaha pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM ki jaina parasparA meM sat aura dravya ko paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, usameM sat ke sthAna para dravya hI pramukha rahA hai | AgamoM meM sat ke sthAna para astikAya aura dravya ina do zabdoM kA hI prayoga dekhA gayA hai| jo astikAya hai ve nizcaya hI dravya haiN| ina donoM zabdoM meM bhI dravya zabda mukhtaH anya parasparAoM ke prabhAva se jaina darzana meM AyA hai usakA apanA mUla zabda to astikAya hI hai| isameM 'asti' zabda sattA ke zAzvata pakSa kA aura kAya zabda azAzvata pakSa kA sUcaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| vaise sattA ko kAya zabda se sUcita karane kI paramparA zramaNa dhArA ke prakrudhakAtyAyana Adi anya dArzanikoM meM bhI rahI hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya pakSa kI zAzvatatA aura paryAya pakSa kI AzAzvatatA kA citraNa upalabdha hotA hai usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'davvaTThAe siya sAsayA pajjavaTThAe siya asAsayA' arthAt astittva ko dravya kI apekSA se zAzvata aura paryAya kI apekSA se azAzvata (anitya) kahA gayA hai| isa tathya kI adhika spaSTatA se citrita karate hue sanmatitarka meM AcArya siddhasena divAkara likhate haiM upajjaMti cayaMti A bhAvA niyameNa pajjavanayassa / davvaTThiyassa savvaM sayA aNuppanna aviNaGkaM // arthAt paryAya kI apekSA se astittva yA vastu utpanna hotI hai aura vinaSTa hotI hai, kintu dravya kI apekSA se vastu na to utpanna hotI hai aura na vinaSTa hotI hai|

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106 umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha meM sat dravyalakSaNaM (4/ 21) kahakara sat ko dravya kA lakSaNa batAyA hai| isa paribhASA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki dravya kA mukhya lakSaNa astittva hai| jo astittvAn hai, vahI dravya hai / kintu yahA~ hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA hotA hai ki dravya zabda kA vyutpattiparaka artha to 'drUyate iti dravya ' : ke AdhAra para utpAda vyaya rUpa astittva ko hIM siddha karatA hai| isI AdhAra para yaha kahA gayA hai jo trikAla meM pariNamana karate hue bhI apane sva svabhAva kA pUrNataH parityAga na kare use hI sat yA dravya kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra (5/29) meM umAsvAti ne eka ora dravya kA lakSaNa sat batAyA to dUsarI ora sat ko utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka bhI btaayaa| yadi sat aura dravya eka hI hai to phira dravya ko bhI utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra (5/38) meM dravya ko paribhASita karate hu use guNa, paryAya se yukta bhI kahA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne paMcAstikAyasAra aura pravacanasAra meM inhIM donoM lakSaNoM ko milAkara dravya ko paribhASita kiyA hai| paMcAstikAyasAra (10) meM ve kahate haiM ki dravya sat lakSaNa vAlA hai| isI paribhASA ko aura spaSTa karate hue pravacanasAra (15-96) meM ve kahate haiM jo aparityakta svabhAva vAlA utpAda - vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta tathA guNa- paryAya sahita hai, use dravya kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kundakunda ne dravya kI paribhASA ke sandarbha meM umAsvAti ke sabhI lakSaNoM ko svIkAra kara liyA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne guNaparyAyavat dravya kahakara jaina darzana ke bheda - abhedavAda ko puSTa kiyA hai| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra meM dravya kI yaha paribhASA bhI vaizeSikasUtra ke 'dravyaguNakarmabhyo'rthAntaraM sattA' (1/2/8) nAmaka sUtra ke nikaTa hI siddha hotI hai / umAsvAti ne isa sUtra karma ke sthAna para paryAya ko rakha diyA hai| jaina darzana ke sat sambandhI siddhAnta kI carcA meM hama yaha spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki dravya yA sattA parivartanazIla hokara bhI nitya hai| isI tathya ko mImAMsA darzana meM isa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA haivarddhamAnaka bhaMgeca, rucakaH kriyate yadA / tadApUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcAyyuttarArthinaH / / 21 / / hemArthinastumAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / notpAdasthitibhaMgAnAmabhAvesanmati trayam / / 22 / / na nAzena vinAzoko, notpAdena vinAsukham / sthityAvinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnya nityatA / / 23 / / mImAMsAzloka vArtika pR- 61 meM

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107 arthAt varddhamAnaka (bAjUbaMda) ko tor3akara rucakahAra banAne meM varddhamAnaka ko cAhane vAle ko zoka, rucaka cAhane vAle ko harSa aura svarNa cAhane vAle ko na harSa aura na zoka hotA hai| usakA to mAdhyastha bhAva rahatA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki vastu yA sattA utpAda bhaMga aura sthiti rUpa hotI hai kyoMki nAza ke abhAva meM zoka, utpAda ke abhAva meM sukha (harSa) aura sthiti ke abhAva meM mAdhyastha bhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai mImAMsA darzana bhI jaina darzana ke samAna hI vastu ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka mAnatA hai| pariNamana yaha dravya kA AdhArabhUta lakSaNa hai kintu isa prakriyA meM dravya apane mUla svarUpa kA pUrNataH parityAga nahIM karatA hai| sva svarUpa kA parityAga kiye binA vibhinna avasthAoM ko dhAraNa karane se hI dravya ko nitya kahA jAtA hai| kintu prati kSaNa utpanna hone vAle aura naSTa hone vAle paryAyoM kI apekSA se use anitya bhI kahA jAtA hai| use isa prakAra bhI samajhAyA jAtA hai| ki mRttikA apane sva- jAtIya dharma kA parityAga kiye binA ghaTa Adi ko utpanna karatI hai / ghaTa kI utpatti meM piNDa paryAya kA vinAza hotA hai| jaba taka piNDa naSTa nahIM hotA taka taka ghaTa utpanna nahIM hotA kintu isa utpAda aura vyaya meM bhI mRttikA lakSaNa yathAvat banA rahatA hai| vastutaH koI bhI dravya apane sva- lakSaNa, sva-svabhAva athavA sva-jAtIya dharma kA pUrNataH parityAga nahIM karatA hai / dravya apane guNa yA svalakSaNa kI apekSA se nitya hotA hai, kyoMki sva-lakSaNa kA tyAga sambhava nahIM hai| ataH yaha sva-lakSaNa hI vastu kA nitya pakSa hotA hai / sva-lakSaNa kA tyAga kiye binA vastu jina vibhinna avasthAoM ko prApta hotI hai, ve paryAya kahalAtI haiN| ye parivartanazIla paryAya hI dravya kA anitya pakSa hai| isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dravya apane sva-lakSaNa yA guNa kI apekSA se nitya aura apanI paryAya kI apekSA se anitya kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jIva dravya apane caitanya guNa kA kabhI parityAga nahIM karatA, kintu isake cetanA lakSaNa kA parityAga ke binA vaha deva, manuSya, pazu ina vibhinna yoniyoM ko athavA bAlaka, yuvA, vRddha Adi avasthAoM ko prApta hotA hai| jina guNoM kA parityAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve hI guNa svalakSaNa kahe jAte haiN| yaha svalakSaNa hI dravya svarUpa hai| jina guNoM kA parityAga kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve paryAya kahalAtI haiN| paryAya badalatI rahatI haiM, kintu guNa vahI banA rahatA hai| ye paryAya bhI do prakAra kI kahI gayI haiM - 1 svabhAva paryAya aura 2 vibhAva paryAya / jo paryAya yA avasthAyeM svalakSaNa ke nimitta se hotI haiM ve svabhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiM aura jo anya nimitta se hotI haiM ve vibhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jJAna aura darzana

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108 (pratyakSIkaraNa) sambandhI vibhinna anubhUtiparaka avasthAyeM AtmA kI svabhAva paryAya haiN| kyoMki ve AtmA ke sva-lakSaNa upayoga se phalita hotI haiM, jabaki krodha Adi kaSAya bhAva karma ke nimitta se yA dUsaroM ke nimitta se hotI haiM, ata: ve vibhAva paryAya haiN| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ina guNoM aura paryAyoM kA adhiSThAna yA upAdAna to dravya svayaM hI hai| dravya guNa aura paryAyoM se abhinna hai, ve tInoM paraspara sApekSa haiN| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne sanmatitarkaprakaraNa meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai, dravya se rahita guNa aura paryAya kI sattA nahIM hai / sAtha hI guNa aura paryAya se rahita dravya kI bhI sattA nahIM hai| davvaM pajjava viuaMdavva viuttA pajjavA natthi / uppAdaTThii bhaMgA hadi daviya lakkhaNaM eyaM / / - sanmatitarka 12 arthAt dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM tadAtmya hai, kintu isakA artha yaha bhI nahIM hai ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI svatantra sattA nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki astittva kI apekSA se unameM tAdAtmya hai kintu vicAra kI apekSA se ve pRthak-pRthak haiN| hama unheM alaga-alaga kara nahIM sakate kintu una para alaga-alaga vicAra sabhava hai| bAlapanA, yuvAvasthA yA bur3hApA vyakti se pRthak apanI sattA nahIM rakhate haiM- phira bhI ye tInoM avasthAeM eka dUsare se bhinna haiN| yahI sthiti dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI hai| guNa aura paryAya kA sahasambandha : dravya ko guNa aura paryAyoM kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| vastuta: guNa dravya ke svabhAva yA sva-lakSaNa hote haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne dravyAzrayA nirguNAguNA: (5/40) kahakara yaha batAyA hai ki guNa dravya meM rahate haiM, para ve svayaM nirguNa hote haiN| guNa nirguNa hote haiM yaha paribhASA sAmAnyatayA Atma-virodhI sI lagatI kintu isa paribhASA kI mUlabhUta dRSTi yaha hai ki yadi hama guNa kA bhI guNa mAneMge to phira anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga aayegaa| Agamika dRSTi se guNa kI paribhASA isa rUpa meM kI gayI hai ki guNa dravya kA vidhAna hai yAni usakA sva-lakSaNa hai jabaki paryAya dravya vikAra hai| guNa bhI dravya ke samAna hI avinAzI hai|jis dravya kA jo guNa hai vaha usameM sadaiva rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dravya kA jo avinAzI lakSaNa hai athavA dravya jisakA parityAga nahIM kara sakatA hai vahI gaNa hai| guNa vastu kI sahabhAvI avasthAoM kA sUcaka hai| phira bhI guNa kI ye avasthAyeM arthAt guNa-paryAya badalatI haiN| dravya ke samAna hI guNoM kI paryAya hotI haiM jo gaNa kI bhI parivartanazIlatA ko sUcita karatI haiN| jIva meM cetanA kI avasthAe~ badalatI haiM phira bhI cetanA guNa banA rahatA hai|

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109 ve vizeSatAeM yA lakSaNa jinake AdhAra para eka dravya ko dUsare dravya se alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai ve viziSTa guNa kahe jAte haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dharma - dravya kA lakSaNa gati meM sahAyaka honA hai| adharma-dravya kA lakSaNa sthiti meM sahAyaka honA hai / jo sabhI dravyoM kA avagAhana karatA hai unheM sthAna detA hai, vaha AkAza kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra parivartana kAla kA aura upayoga jIva kA lakSaNa hai| ataH guNa ve haiM jisake AdhAra para hama kisI dravya ko pahacAnate haiM aura usakA anya dravya se pRthaktva sthApita karate haiN| uttarAdhyayana (28/11 - 12) meM jIva aura pudagala ke aneka lakSaNoM kA bhI citraNa huA hai| usameM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya evaM upayoga ye jIva ke lakSaNa bAtaye gaye haiM aura zabda, prakAza, andhakAra, prabhA, chAyA, Atapa, varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi ko pudgala kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki dravya aura guNa vicAra ke stara para hI alaga-alaga mAne gaye haiM lekina astittva kI dRSTi se ve pRthak-pRthak sattAe~ nahIM haiN| guNoM ke sandarbha meM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kucha guNa sAmAnya hote haiM aura ve sabhI dravyoM meM pAye jAte haiM aura kucha guNa viziSTa hote hai, jo kucha hI dravyoM meM pAye jAte haiN| jaise- astittva lakSaNa sAmAnya hai jo sabhI dravya meM pAyA jAtA hai kintu cetanA Adi kucha guNa aise haiM jo kevala jIva dravya meM pAye jAte haiM, ajIva dravya meM unakA abhAva hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kucha guNa sAmAnya aura kucha viziSTa hote haiN| sAmAnya guNoM ke AdhAra para jAti yA varga kI pahacAna hotI hai| ve dravya yA vastuoM kA ekatva pratipAdita karate haiM, jabaki viziSTa guNa eka dravya kA dUsare se antara sthApita karate haiN| guNoM ke sandarbha meM carcA karate hue hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki aneka guNa sahabhAvI rUpa se eka hI dravya meM rahate haiN| isIlie jaina darzana meM vastu ko anantadharmAtmaka kahA gayA hai / vizeSa guNoM kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha ki ve dravya vizeSa kI vibhinna paryAyoM meM bhI bane rahate haiM / jIvoM kI cetanA paryAya badalatI rahatI hai, phira bhI unakI parivartanazIla cetanA paryAyoM meM cetanA guNa aura jIva dravya banA rahatA hai| koI bhI dravya guNa se rahita nahIM hotA / dravya aura guNa kA vibhAjana mAtra vaicArika stara para kiyA jAtA hai, sattA ke stara para nahIM / guNa se rahita hokara na to dravya kI koI sattA hotI hai na dravya se rahita guNa kI / ataH sattA ke stara para guNa aura dravya meM abheda hai, jabaki vaicArika stara para donoM meM bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai ki dravya aura guNa anyonyAzrita haiN| dravya ke binA guNa kA astittva nahIM hai aura guNa ke binA dravya kA astittva nahIM hai / tattvArtha sUtra (5/40) meM guNa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki sva guNa I

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110 ko chor3akara jinakA anya koI guNa nahIM hotA arthAt jo nirguNa hai vahI guNa hai / dravya aura guNa ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara jaina parasparA meM hameM tIna prakAra ke sandarbha prApta hote haiM / Agama graMthoM meM dravya aura guNa meM Azraya-AzrayI bhAva mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (28/6) meM dravya ko guNa kA Azraya sthAna mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtrakAra ke anusAra guNa dravya meM rahate haiM arthAt dravya guNoM kA Azraya sthala hai kintu yahA~ Apatti yaha ho sakatI hai ki jaba dravya aura guNa kI bhinna-bhinna sattA hI nahIM hai to unameM Azraya- AzrayI bhAva kisa prakAra hogA ? vastutaH dravya aura guNa ke sambandha ko lekara kiyA gayA yaha vivecana mUlata: vaizeSika paramparA ke samIpa lagatA hai| jainoM ke anusAra siddhAntataH to Azraya- AzrayI bhAva unhIM do tattvoM meM ho sakatA hai jo eka-dUsare se pRthak sattA rakhate haiN| isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pUjyapAda Adi kucha AcAryoM ne 'guNAnAM samUho davvo' athavA 'guNasamudAyo dravyamiti' kahakara kara dravya ko guNoM kA saMghAta mAnA hai / jaba dravya aura guNa kI alaga-alaga sattA hI mAnya nahIM hai, to vahA~ unake tAdAtmya ke atirikta anya koI sambandha mAnane kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai / anya koI sambandha mAnane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ve eka dUsare se pRthak hokara apanA astitva rakhate haiN| yaha dRSTikoNa bauddha avadhAraNA ke samIpa hai| yaha saMghAtavAda kA hI apararUpa hai jabaki jaina paramparA saMghAtavAda ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| vastutaH dravya ke sAtha guNa aura paryAya ke sambandha ko lekara tatvArtha sUtrakAra ne jo dravya kI paribhASA dI hai, vahI adhika ucita jAna par3atI hai| tattvArtha sUtrakAra ke anusAra jo guNa aura paryAyoM se yukta hai, vahI dravya hai| vaicArika stara para to guNa dravya se bhinna haiM aura usa dRSTi se unameM Azraya - AzrayI bhAva bhI dekhA jAtA hai kintu astitva ke stara para dravya aura guNa eka-dUsare se pRthak (vivikta) sattAe~ nahIM haiM ataH unameM tAdAtmya bhI hai| isa prakAra guNa aura dravya meM kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha ho sakatA hai| DaoN0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya jaina- darzana ( pR0 144 ) meM likhate haiM ki guNa se dravya ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA isalie, vaha dravya se abhinna hai| kintu prayojana Adi bheda se usakA vibhinna rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, ata: ve bhinna bhI haiN| eka hI pudgala paramANu meM yugapat rUpa se rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi aneka guNa rahate haiN| anubhUti ke stara para rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi pRthak-pRthak guNa haiN| ataH vaicArika stara para kevala eka guNa na kevala dUsare guNa se bhinna hai apitu usa stara para yaha dravya se bhI bhinna kalpita kiyA jA sakatA hai / punaH guNa apanI pUrva paryAya ko chor3akara uttara paryAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura isa prakAra vaha parivartita hotA rahatA hai kintu usameM yaha paryAya parivartana dravya se bhinna hokara nahIM hotaa| paryAyoM meM hone vAle parivartana vastutaH dravya ke hI parivartana haiN|

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paryAya aura guNa ko chor3akara dravya kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| paryAyoM aura guNoM meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke bIca jo eka avicchinnatA kA niyAmaka tattva hai, vahI dravya hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka pudgala paramANu ke rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ke guNa badalate rahate haiM aura usa guNa parivartana ke pariNAmasvarUpa usakI paryAya bhI badalatI rahatI hai, kintu ina parivartita hone vAle gaNoM aura paryAyoM ke bIca bhI eka tattva hai jo ina parivartanoM ke bIca bhI banA rahatA hai, vahI dravya hai| pratyeka dravya meM prati samaya svAbhAvika guNa kRta aura vaibhAvika guNa kRta arthAt paryAyakRta utpAda aura vyaya hote rahate haiN| yaha saba usa dravya kI sampatti yA svarUpa hai| isalie dravya ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka kahA jAtA hai| dravya ke sAtha-sAtha usake guNoM meM bhI utpAda, vyaya hotA rahatA hai| jIva kA guNa cetanA hai usase pRthak hone para jIva jIva nahIM rahegA, phira bhI jIva kI cetana anubhUtiyA~ sthira nahIM rahatI haiM, ve prati kSaNa badalatI rahatI haiN| ata: guNoM meM bhI utpAda-vyaya hotA rahatA hai| puna: vastu kA svalakSaNa kabhI badalatA nahIM hai ata: guNa meM dhrauvyatva pakSa bhI hai| ata: guNa bhI dravya ke samAna utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya lakSaNa yukta hai| gaNa meM jo utpAda-vyaya yA avasthAntaraNa hotA hai, use hama guNa kI paryAya kahate haiN| jisa prakAra koI bhI dravya paryAya ke binA nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra koI bhI guNa paryAya se rahita nahIM hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra dravya evaM guNa meM ghaTita hone vAle vibhinna parivartana hI paryAya kahalAte haiN| pratyeka dravya prati samaya eka viziSTa avasthA ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| apane pUrva kSaNa kI avasthA kA tyAga karatA hai aura eka nUtana viziSTa avasthA ko prApta hotA hai inheM hI dravya kI paryAya kahate haiM dravya-paryAya svavargIya aneka dravyAzrita hotI hai, jabaki guNa paryAyeM eka dravyAzrita hotI haiN| yahA~ eka prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki yadi dravya guNa saMghAta (samudAya) rUpa hai to phira dravya aura gaNa kI alaga-alaga paryAya mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki dravya ke skandha, deza, pradeza tathA paramANu rUpa bhI haiM ataH dravya kI skandha, deza, pradeza yA paramANu rUpa paryAya arthAt usake AkAra Adi dravya paryAya haiN| dravya meM anantAnanta guNa hote haiM aura una guNoM meM prati samaya hone vAlI SaT guNa hAni vRddhi guNa paryAya hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka miTTI kA ghar3A hai, vaha mRtikA rUpa pudgala dravyoM kI AkRti hai yaha AkRti dravya paryAya hai kintu yaha kAlA yA lAla hai-yaha kAlA yA lAla honA gaNa paryAya hai| jisa prakAra jalatI haI dIpazikhA meM prati kSaNa jalane vAlA tela badalatA rahatA hai, phira bhI dIpaka yathAvat jalatA rahatA hai| usI prakAra pratyeka dravya satat rUpa se parivartana yA pariNamana ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| phira bhI dravyatva yathAvat rahatA hai| dravya meM honevAlA yaha parivartana yA pariNamana

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112 hI usakI paryAya hai| eka vyakti janma letA hai,bAlaka se kizora aura kizora se yuvaka,yuvaka se praur3ha aura praur3ha se vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai| janma se lekara mRtya kAla taka pratyeka vyakti ke deha kI zArIrika saMracanA meM tathA vicAra aura anubhUti kI caitasika avasthAoM meM parivartana hote rahate haiN| usameM prati kSaNa honevAle ina parivartanoM ke dvArA vaha jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAyeM prApta karatA hai, ve hI paryAya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki paryAya jaina darzana kA viziSTa zabda hai| jaina darzana ke atirikta anya kisI bhI bhAratIya darzana meM paryAya kI yaha avadhAraNA anupasthita hai| ___ yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bAlyAvasthA se yuvAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA se vRddhAvasthA kI yaha yAtrA koI aisI ghaTanA nahIM hai jo eka hI kSaNa meM ghaTita ho jAtI hai| balki yaha saba kramika rUpa se ghaTita hotA rahatA hai, hameM usakA patA hI nahIM cltaa| yaha prati samaya honevAlA parivartana hI paryAya hai| paryAya zabda kA sAmAnya artha avasthA vizeSa hai| dArzanika jagat meM paryAya kA jo artha prasiddha huA hai, usameM Agama meM kiMcit bhinna artha meM paryAya zabda kA prayoga huA hai| dArzanika granthoM meM dravya ke kramabhAvI pariNAma ko paryAya kahA gayA hai tathA guNa evaM paryAya se yukta padArtha ko dravya kahA gayA hai| vahA~ para eka hI dravya yA vastu kI vibhinna paryAyoM kI carcA hai| Agama meM paryAya kA nirUpaNa dravya ke kramabhAvI pariNamana ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai| Agama meM to eka padArtha jitanI avasthAoM meM prApta hotA hai unheM usa padArtha kA paryAya kahA gayA hai| jaise jIva kI paryAya hai-nAraka,deva, manuSya, tiryaMca, siddha Adi / prajJApanAsUtra ke paryAya pada meM jIva dravya aura ajIva dravya aura unake vibhinna prakAroM kI paryAyoM arthAt avasthAoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana hai| isameM una dravyoM ko sAmAnya apekSA se sambhAvita kitanI paryAyeM hotI haiM isakI bhI carcA hai| paryAya dravya kI bhI hotI hai aura guNa kI bhI hotI hai| guNoM kI paryAyoM kA ullekha anuyogadvArasUtra meM isa prakAra huA hai-eka guNa kAlA, dviguNa kAlA yAvat ananta guNa kaalaa| isa prakAra kAle guNa kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiN| isI prakAra nIle, pIle, lAla evaM sapheda vargoM kI paryAya bhI ananta hotI haiN| varNa kI bhA~ti gandha,rasa,sparza ke bhedoM kI bhI eka guNa se lekara ananta guNa taka kI paryAyeM hotI haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ekatva, pRthaktva, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, saMyoga aura vibhAga ko paryAya kA lakSaNa kahA hai| eka paryAya kA dUsare paryAya ke sAtha dravya kI dRSTi se ekatva (tAdAtmya) hotA hai, paryAya kI dRSTi se donoM paryAya eka-dUsare se pRthak hotI haiN| saMkhyA ke AdhAra para bhI paryAyoM meM bheda hotA hai| isI prakAra saMsthAna arthAt AkRti

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kI dRSTi se bhI paryAya-bheda hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina darzana meM hama jise paryAya kahate haiM use maharSi pataMjali ne mahAbhASya ke pazapAzAhnika meM AkRti kahA hai| ve likhate haiM 'dravya nityamAkRtiranityA' / jisa paryAya kA saMyoga (utpAda) hotA hai usakA vinAza bhI nizcita rUpa se hotA hai| koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI paryAya se rahita nahIM hotaa| phira bhI dravya kI ve paryAyeM sthira bhI nahIM rahatI haiM ve prati samaya parivartita hotI rahatI haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne paryAya parivartana kI ina ghaTanAoM ko dravya meM hone vAle utpAda aura vyaya ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA hai| dravya meM prati kSaNa pUrva paryAya kA nAza yA vyaya tathA uttara paryAya kA utpAda hotA rahatA hai| utpAda aura vyaya kI ghaTanA jisameM yA jisake sahAre ghaTita hotI hai yA jo parivartita hotA hai, vahI dravya hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya meM bhI kathaMcit tAdAtmya isa artha meM hai paryAya se rahita hokara dravya kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| dravya kI paryAya badalate rahane para bhI dravya meM eka kSaNa ke lie bhI aisA nahIM hotA ki vaha paryAya se rahita ho| siddhasena divAkara kA kathana hai ki na to paryAyoM se pRthak hokara dravya apanA astittva rakha sakatA hai aura na dravya se pRthaka hokara paryAya kA hI koI astittva hotA hai| sattAtmaka stara para dravya aura paryAya alaga-alaga sattAe~ nahIM haiN| ve tattvata: abhinna haiM kintu dravya ke bane rahane para bhI paryAyoM kI utpatti aura vinAza kA krama ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| yadi paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura vinaSTa hotI hai, to use dravya se kathaMcit bhinna bhI mAnanA hogaa| jisa prakAra bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA vyakti se pRthaka kahIM nahIM dekhI jAtI / ve vyakti meM hI ghaTita hotI haiM aura vyakti se abhinna hotI haiM kintu eka hI vyakti meM bAlyAvasthA kA vinAza aura yuvAvasthA kI prApti dekhI jAtI hai| ata: apane vinAza aura utpatti kI dRSTi se ve paryAyeM vyakti se pRthaka hI kahI jA sakatI haiN| vaicArika para pratyeka paryAya dravya se bhinnatA rakhatI hai / saMkSepa meM tAtvika stara para yA sattA kI dRSTi se hama dravya aura paryAya ko alaga-alaga nahIM kara sakate, ata: ve abhinna haiM / kintu vaicArika stara para dravya aura paryAya ko paraspara pRthak mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki paryAya utpanna hotI haiM aura naSTa hotI haiM, jabaki dravya banA rahatA hai,ata: ve dravya se bhinna bhI hotI haiM aura abhinna bhI / jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya kI yaha kathaMcit abhinnatA aura kathaMcit bhinnatA unake anekAMtika dRSTikoNa kI paricAyaka hai| paryAya ke prakAra (ka) jIva paryAya aura ajIva paryAya paryAyoM ke prakAroM kI Agamika AdhAroM para carcA karate hue dravyAnuyoga

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114 (pR038) meM upAdhyAya zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI ma0sA0 kamala likhate haiM ki prajJApanA (sUtra) meM paryAya ke do bheda pratipAdita haiM- 1. jIva paryAya aura 2. ajIva pryaay| ye donoM prakAra kI paryAyeM ananta hotI haiN| jIva paryAya kisa prakAra ananta hotI hai, isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki nairayika, bhavanapati, vANavyantara, jyotiSka, vaimAnika, pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika tejaskAyika, vAyukAyika, dvindriya, trendriya, caturIndriya, tiryaMJcayonika aura manuSya ye sabhI jIva asaMkhyAt haiM, kintu vanaspatikAyika aura siddha jIva to ananta haiM, isalie jIva paryAyeM ananta haiN| isI prakAra ajIva pudgala Adi rUpa hai, puna: pudgala skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu rUpa hotA hai, sAtha hI usameM varNa, gandha, rasa, rUpa aura sparza guNa hote haiM, phira meM inake bhI aneka AvAntara bheda hote haiM, sAtha hI pratyeka guNa ke bhI aneka aMza (Degrees) hote haiM, ata: ina vibhinna aMzoM aura unake vibhinna saMyogoM kI apekSA se pudgala Adi ajIva dravyoM kI bhI ananta paryAye hotI haiN| jinakA vistRta vivecana prajJApanAsUtra ke paryAya pada meM kiyA gayA hai| (kha) arthaparyAya aura vyaJjanaparyAya puna: paryAya do prakAra kI hotI hai- 1. arthaparyAya aura 2. vyaMjanaparyAya / eka hI padArtha kI pratikSaNa meM parivartita hone vAlI kramabhAvI paryAyoM ko artha paryAya kahate haiM tathA padArtha kI usake vibhinna prakAroM evaM bhedoM meM jo paryAya hotI hai use vyaMjana kahate haiN| artha paryAya sUkSma evaM vyaMjana paryAya sthUla hotI hai| jJAtavya hai ki dhavalA (4/1/5.4/337/6) meM dravya paryAya ko hI vyaMjjana paryAya kahA gayA hai aura guNa paryAya ko hI artha paryAya bhI kahA gayA hai| dravya paryAya aura guNa paryAya kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki yadi vyaJjana paryAya hI dravya paryAya aura artha paryAya hI gaNa paryAya hai to phira inheM pRthak -pRthak kyoM batAyA gayA hai, isa uttara yaha hai ki pravAha kI apekSA se vyaJjana paryAya cirakAyika hotI hai, jaise jIva kI cetana paryAya sadaiva banI rahatI hai cAhe cetana avasthAeM badalatI raheM, isake viparIta artha paryAya guNoM aura unake aMzoM kI apekSA se prati samaya badalatI rahatI hai| vyaJjana paryAya sAmAnya hai, jaise jIvoM kI cetanA paryAyeM jo sabhI jIvoM meM aura sabhI kAloM meM pAI jAtI haiN| ve dravya kI sahabhAvI paryAyeM haiM aura artha paryAya vizeSa hai jaise kisI vyakti vizeSa kI kAla vizeSa meM hone vAlI krodha Adi kI kramika avasthAeM, ata: artha paryAya kramabhAvI haiM, ve kramika rUpa se kAla krama meM ghaTita hotI rahatI haiM ata: kAlakRta bheda ke AdhAra para unheM dravya paryAya aura guNa paryAya se pRthak kahA gayA hai|

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115 (ga) UrdhvaparyAya aura tiryakaparyAya paryAya ko Urdhva paryAya evaM tiryaka paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke aneka manuSyoM kI apekSA se manuSyoM kI jo ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM ve tiryak paryAya kahI jAtI haiN| jabaki eka hI manuSya ke trikAla meM prati kSaNa hone vAle paryAya pariNamana ko Urdhva paryAya kahA jAtA hai| tiryaka abheda meM bheda grAhI hai aura Urdhva paryAya bheda meM abheda grAhI hai| yadyapi paryAya dRSTi bhedagrAhI hI hotI hai, phira bhI apekSA bheda se yA upacAra se yaha kahA gayA hai| dUsare rUpa meM tiryak paryAya dravya sAmAnya ke dik gata bheda kA grahaNa karatI hai aura Urdhva paryAya dravya-vizeSa ke kAlagata bhedoM ko| (gha) svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAva paryAya dravya meM apane nija svabhAva kI jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, ve svabhAva paryAya kahI jAtI haiM aura para ke nimitta se jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, ve vibhAva paryAya hotI haiN| jaise karma ke nimitta se AtmA ke jo krodhAdi kaSAya rUpa pariNamana haiM ve vibhAva paryAya haiM aura AtmA yA kevalI kA jJAtA-draSTA bhAva svabhAva paryAya hai| jIvita zarIra pudgala kI vibhAva paryAya hai aura varNa, gandha Adi svabhAva paryAya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kAla kI vibhAva paryAya nahIM hai| ghaTAkAza, maThAkAza Adi ko upacAra se AkAza kA vibhAva paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu yathArtha se nahIM, kyoMki AkAza akhaNDa dravya hai, usameM bheda upacAra se mAne jA sakate haiN| (Ga) sajAtIya aura vijAtIya dravya paryAya sajAtIya dravyoM ke paraspara milane se jo paryAya utpanna hotI hai, vaha sajAtIya dravya paryAya hai jaise samAna varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi Adi se banA skandha / isase bhinna vijAtIya paryAya hai| (ca) kAraNa zuddha paryAya aura kArya zuddha paryAya svabhAva paryAya ke antargata do prakAra kI paryAyeM hotI haiM kAraNa zuddha paryAya aura kArya zuddha paryAya / paryAyoM meM paraspara kAraNa kArya bhAva hotA hai| jo svabhAva paryAya kAraNa rUpa hotI hai kAraNa zuddha paryAya hai aura jo svabhAva paryAya kArya rUpa hotI hai ve kArya zuddha paryAya haiM, kintu yaha kathana sApekSa rUpa se samajhanA cAhie kyoMki jo paryAya kisI kA kAraNa hai, vahI dUsarI kA kArya bhI ho sakatI hai| isI krama meM vibhAva paryAyoM ko bhI kArya azuddha paryAya yA kAraNa azuddha paryAya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai|

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116 (cha) sahabhAvI paryAya aura kramabhAvI paryAya jaba kisI dravya meM yA guNa meM aneka paryAyeM eka sAtha hotI haiM, to ve sahabhAvI paryAya kahI jAtI haiM jaise pudgala dravya meM varNa, gandha, rasa Adi rUpa paryAyoM kA eka sAtha honA / kAla kI apekSA se jina paryAyoM meM krama pAyA jAtA hai, ve krama bhAvI paryAya haiN| jaise bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA / (ja) sAmAnya paryAya aura vizeSa paryAya vaise to sabhI paryAyeM vizeSa hI haiM kintu aneka dravyoM kI jo samarUpa paryAyeM haiM ve sAmAnya paryAya kahI jA sakatI haiM jaise aneka jIvoM kA manuSya paryAya meM honA / jJAtavya hai ki paryAyoM meM na kevala mAtrAtmaka arthAt saMkhyA aura aMzoM (Degrees) kI apekSA se bheda hotA hai apitu guNoM kI apekSA se bhI bheda hote haiN| mAtrA kI apekSA se eka aMza kAlA, do aMza kAlA, ananta aMza kAlA Adi bheda hote haiM jabaki guNAtmaka dRSTi se kAlA, lAla, zveta Adi athavA khaTTA-mIThA Adi athavA manuSya, pazu, nAraka, devatA Adi bheda hote haiN| guNa aura paryAya kI vAstavikatA kA prazna mAtra jo dArzanika sattA aura guNa meM abhinnatA yA tAdAtmya ke pratipAdaka haiM aura jo parama sattA ko tattvataH advaita mAnate haiM, ve guNa aura paryAya ko vAstavika nahIM, apitu pratibhAsika mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi guNoM kI parama sattA se pRthak koI sattA hI nahIM hai ye mAtra pratItiyA~ haiN| anubhava ke stara para jinakA utpAda yA vyaya hai arthAt jo parivartanazIla hai, vaha sat nahIM hai, pratibhAsa hai| unake anusAra parama sattA (brahma) nirguNa hai| isI prakAra vijJAnavAdI yA pratyayavAdI dArzanikoM ke anusAra paramANu bhI eka aisA avibhAgI padArtha hai, jo vibhinna indriyoM dvArA rUpAdi vibhinna guNoM kI pratIti karAtA hai, kintu vastutaH usameM ina guNoM kI koI sattA nahIM hotI hai| ina dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi kI anubhUti hamAre mana para nirbhara karatI hai / ataH ve vastu ke sambandha meM hamAre manovikalpa hI haiN| unakI koI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai| yadi hamArI indriyoM kI saMracanA bhinna prakAra kI hotI haiM to unase hameM jo saMvedanA hotI vaha bhI bhinna prakAra kI hotI / yadi saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM kI A~khoM kI saMracanA meM raMga aMdhatA hotI to ve saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM ko kevala zveta-zyAma rUpa meM hI dekhate aura unheM anya raMgoM kA koI bodha nahIM hotA / lAlAdi raMgoM ke astittva kA vicAra hI nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra indradhanuSa ke raMga mAtra pratIti haiM vAstavika nahIM athavA jisa prakAra hamAre svapna kI vastue~ mAtra manokalpanAe~ haiM, usI prakAra guNa

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aura paryAya bhI mAtra pratibhAsa haiM / citta-vikalpa vAstavika nahIM haiN| kintu jaina dArzanika anya vastuvAdI dArzanikoM (Realist) ke samAna dravya ke sAtha -sAtha guNa aura paryAya ko bhI yathArtha/vAstavika mAnate haiN| unake anusAra pratIti aura pratyaya yathArtha ke hI hote haiN| jo ayathArtha ho usakA koI pratyaya (Idea) yA pratIti hI nahIM ho sakatI hai| AkAza-kusuma yA parI Adi kI ayathArtha kalpanAe~ bhI do yathArtha anubhUtiyoM kA caitasika stara para kiyA gayA mizraNa mAtra hai| svapna bhI yathArtha anubhUtiyoM aura unake caittasika stara para kiye gaye mizraNoM se hI nirmita hote haiM.janmAndha ko kabhI raMgoM ke koI svapna nahIM hote haiN| ata: ayathArtha kI koI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI hai| jainoM ke anusAra anubhUti kA pratyeka viSaya apanI vAstavika sattA rakhatA hai| isase na kevala dravya apitu guNa aura paryAya bhI vAstavika (Real) siddha hote haiN| sattA kI isa vAstavikatA ke kAraNa hI prAcIna jaina AcAryoM ne use astikAya kahA hai| ata: utpAda-vyaya dharmA hokara bhI paryAya pratibhAsa na hokara vAstavika haiN| kramabaddha paryAya __ paryAyoM ke sambandha meM jo eka mahattvapUrNa prazna ina dinoM bahucarcita hai, vaha hai paryAyoM kI kramabaddhatA! yaha to sarvamAnya hai ki paryAyeM sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI hotI haiM, kintu paryAyeM kramabaddha hI haiM, yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai| paryAyeM krama se ghaTita hotI haiM, kintu isa AdhAra para yaha mAna lene para ki paryAyoM ke ghaTita hone kA yaha krama bhI pUrva niyata hai, puruSArtha ke lie koI avakAza nahIM raha jAtA hai| paryAyoM ko kramabaddha mAnane kA mukhya AdhAra jaina darzana meM pracalita sarvajJatA kI avadhAraNA hai| jaba eka bAra yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki sarvajJa yA kevalI sabhI dravyoM ke traikAlika paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, to isakA artha hai ki sarvajJa ke jJAna meM sabhI dravyoM kI sarva paryAyeM kramabaddha aura niyata haiM, unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana sambhava nahIM hai| bhavitavyatA ko puruSArtha ke mAdhyama se badalane kI sambhavanA nahIM hai| jisakA jaisA paryAya pariNamana honA hai vaha vaisA hI hogaa| isa avadhAraNA kA eka acchA pakSa yaha hai ki ise mAna lene para vyakti bhUta aura bhAvI ke sambandha meM vyartha ke saMkalpa-vikalpa se mukta raha kara samabhAva meM raha sakatA hai dUsare usameM kartRttva kA mithyA ahaMkAra bhI nahIM hotA hai| kintu isakA durbala pakSa yaha hai ki isameM puruSArtha ke lie avakAza nahIM rahatA hai aura vyakti nirAzAvAdI aura akarmaNya bana jAtA hai| apane bhaviSya ko saMvArane kA vizvAsa bhI vyakti ke pAsa nahIM raha jAtA hai| kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA niyativAda kI samarthaka hai ata: isameM naitika uttaradAyittva bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| yadi vyakti apanI svatantra icchA zakti se kucha bhI anyathA nahIM kara sakatA hai to

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118 use kisI bhI acche-bure karma ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| yadyapi isa siddhAnta ke samarthaka jainadarzana ke paMcakAraNasamavAya ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para puruSArtha kI sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM karate haiN| kintu yadi unake anusAra puruSArtha bhI niyata hai aura vyakti saMkalpa svAtantrya ke AdhAra para anyathA kucha karane meM samartha nahIM haiM to use puruSArtha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai aura yadi puruSArtha niyata hai to phira vaha niyati se bhinna nahIM hai| kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA meM vyakti niyati kA dAsa banakara raha jAtA hai| cAhe paMcakAraNasamavAya ke AdhAra para kArya meM puruSArtha Adi anya kAraNa ghaTakoM kI sattA mAna bhI lI jAye to bhI ve niyata hI hogeM ata: kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA niyativAda se bhinna nahIM hogii| niyativAda vyakti ko saMkalpa-vikalpa se aura kartRtva ke ahaMkAra se dUra rakhakara citta ko samAdhi to detA hai, kintu usameM naitika uttaradAyitva aura sAdhanAtmaka puruSArtha ke lie koI guMjAiza nahIM hai| yadi kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA vAle pakSa kI ora se yaha kahA jAye ki jo asarvajJa hai vaha apane bhAvI ko nahIM jAnatA hai ata:use puruSArtha karanA caahie| kintu isa kathana ko eka sujhAva mAtra kahA jAtA hai, isake pIche saiddhAntika bala nahIM hai| yadi sarvajJa ke jJAna meM merI samasta bhAvI paryAyeM niyata haiM to phira puruSArtha karane kA kyA artha raha jAtA hai| aura jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai yadi puruSArtha kI paryAya bhI niyata haiM to phira usake lie preraNA kA kyA artha hai? kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke pakSa meM sarvajJatA kI avadhAraNA ke atirikta eka anya tarka kArya kAraNa vyavasthA yA karma siddhAnta kI kaThora vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para bhI diyA jAtA hai| yadi kArya kAraNa vyavasthA yA karma siddhAnta ko apane kaThora artha meM liyA jAtA hai to phira isa vyavasthA ke adhIna bhI sabhI paryAyeM niyata hI siddha hogiiN| yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sarvajJatA kA jo artha paravartI jaina AcAryoM ne liyA hai, usakA aisA artha prAcIna kAla meM nahIM thaa| usa samaya sarvajJa kA artha dharmajJa thA yA adhika se adhika tAtkAlika sabhI dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA jJAna thaa| bhagavatIsUtra kI yaha avadhAraNA ki "kevalI siya jANaI siya Na jANaI' se bhI sarvajJatA kA vaha artha ki sarvajJa sabhI dravyoM traikAlika paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai khaNDita hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne to spaSTa kahA hai ki nizcaya naya se sarvajJa AtmajJa hotA hai, sarvajJa sabhI dravyoM kI sabhI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, yaha mAtra vyavahAra kathana hai aura vyavahAra abhUtArtha hai| isa sambandha meM paM0 sukhalAlajI, DaoN0 nagIna je0 zAha aura maiMne vistAra se carcA kI hai, yahA~ usa carcA ko doharAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai| puna: jaina karma siddhAnta meM karmavipAka meM udIraNA, saMkramaNa, apavartana aura udavartana Adi kI

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119 jo avadhAraNAe~ haiM ve karma vyavasthA meM puruSArtha kI sambhAvanAe~ spaSTa kara detI haiN| puna: yadi mahAvIra ko kramabaddhaparyAya kI avadhAraNA mAnya hotI to phira gozAlaka ke niyativAda ke sthAna para puruSArthavAda kI sthApanA ve kyoM karate? jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai na to bhagavatI, prajJApanA Adi zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM aura na SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa Adi digambara AgamoM meM tathA kundakunda ke granthoM meM kahIM kramabaddhaparyAya kI spaSTa avadhAraNA hai| phira bhI kramabaddha paryAya ke sambandha meM DaoN0 hukamacandra jI bhArilla kA jo grantha hai vaha darzana jagat meM isa viSaya para likhA gayA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isa sambandha meM mata vaibhinya apanI jagaha hai kintu paryAyoM kI kramabaddhatA ke samarthana meM sarvajJatA ko AdhAra mAna kara dI gaI unakI yuktiyA~ apanA mahattva rakhatI haiN| vistAra bhaya se isa sambandha meM gahana carcA meM na jAkara apane vaktavya ko yahI virAma denA cAhUMgA aura vidvAnoM se apekSA karUMgA ki paryAya ke sambandha meM uThAye gaye ina praznoM para jainadarzana ke pariprekSya meM apanA cintana prastuta kreN|

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pravacanasAroddhAraH eka adhyayana pravacanasAroddhAra jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai, jaina dharma evaM darzana kA sArabhUta, kintu Akara grantha hai| isakA viSaya vaividhya evaM kartA kI vyApaka saMgrAhaka dRSTi, ise jaina vidyA ke laghu vizva-koSa kI zreNI meM lAkara rakha detI hai| vastuta: yaha eka saMgraha grantha hai, jisameM jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAmoM ko samAhita karane kA lekhaka ne anupama prayAsa kiyaa| yadyapi isake pUrva AcArya haribhadrasUri (vikrama saMvat kI AThavIM zatI) ne apane granthoM aSTaka, SoDzaka, viMzikA, paMcAsaka Adi meM jaina dharma, darzana aura sAdhanA ke vividha pakSoM ko samAhita karane prayatna kiyA hai, phira bhI viSaya vaividhya kI apekSA se ye grantha bhI itane vyApaka nahIM haiM, jitanA pravacanasAroddhAra hai| isameM 276 dvAra haiM aura pratyeka dvAra eka-eka viSaya kA vivecana prastuta karatA hai, isa prakAra prastuta kRti meM jaina vidyA se sambandhita 276 viSayoM kA vivecana hai| isase isakA bahuAyAmI svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prastuta kRti 1577 prAkRta gAthAoM meM niSaddha hai| mAtra gAthA (zloka) kramAMka 771 saMskRta meM hai| isakI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta hai / chandoM kI apekSA se isameM AryA chanda kI hI pramukhatA hai, yadyapi anya chanda bhI upalabdha hote haiN| isa kRti ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA meM I0 pU0 chaThI zatI se lekara IsA kI terahavIM zatI taka lagabhaga do hajAra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM prAkRta meM grantha lekhana kI jIvita paramparA rahI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, isake pazcAt Aja taka bhI prAkRta bhASA meM grantha likhe jA rahe haiM jo jaina vidvAnoM kI prAkRta ke prati pratibaddhatA ke sUcaka haiN| prastuta kRti ke lekhaka ne isake atirikta anaMtanAhacariyaM nAmaka eka anya grantha bhI prAkRta bhASA meM racA hai isase lekhaka ko prAkRta bhASA aura viSaya donoM para adhikAra siddha hotA hai| sAtha hI prastuta kRti meM vividha viSayoM kA saMgraha usakI bahuzrutatA kA bhI paricaya detA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra ke racayitA : pravacanasAroddhAra nAmaka prastuta kRti ke racayitA AcArya nemicandrasUri haiM kintu ye nemicandrasUri kauna haiM aura kaba hue ? isa sambandha meM thor3I vistRta vivecanA apekSita hai| 'yadyapi pravacanasAroddhAra kI prazasti meM granthakAra ne isake racanAkAla kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai kintu unhoMne apanA aura apanI guru paramparA kA saMkSipta kintu

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121 spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| kartA prazasti meM ve likhate haiM "dharma rUpI pRthvI kA uddhAra karane meM mahAvarAha ke samAna jinacandrasUri ke ziSya AmradevasUri hue| unake ziSya nemicandrasUri, jo vijayasena gaNadhara se kaniSTha aura yazodevasUri se jyeSTha the, ne siddhAntarUpI ratnAkara se ratnoM kA cayana karake pravacanasAroddhAra kI racanA kI / " isa prakAra pravacanasAroddhAra kI isa kartA prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru paramparA meM kevala apane praguru jinacandrasUri aura guru AmradevasUri ke hI nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, unake gaccha Adi kA vistRta vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai kintu apane dvArA hI racita anaMtanAhacariyaM kI kartA prazasti meM apane gaccha aura guru paramparA kA adhika vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| phira bhI uparokta donoM prazastiyoM se granthakAra ke sAMsArika jIvana ke sambandha meM koI bhI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| anaMtanAhacariyaM se itanA vizeSa jJAta hotA hai ki ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke bRhad gaccha ke the / isa gaccha isakA prArambha devasUri se batAyA gayA hai| ina devasUri ke ziSya AdityadevasUri hue| AdityadevasUri ke ziSya AnandadevasUri aura AnandadevasUri ziSya nemicandrasUri (prathama) hue| usameM inheM siddhAnta ke rahasyoM kA jJAtA bhI kahA gayA hai| inhoMne laghuvIracarita, uttarAdhyayanavRtti, AkhyAnakamaNikoSa evaM racUr3acarita Adi granthoM kI racanA kI thI / prazasti meM ina nemicandrasUri kA jisa prakAra se guNagAna kiyA gayA hai usase yahI siddha hotA hai ki pravacanasAroddhAra ke kartA ye nemicandrasUri (prathama) nahIM haiN| kyoMki granthakAra prazasti meM svayaM apanI prazaMsA isa rUpa meM nahIM kara sakatA hai| isI prazasti meM Age AnandadevasUri ke dUsare do ziSyoM pradyotanasUri aura jinacandrasUri kA ullekha bhI huA hai aura ina jinacandrasUri ke AdevasUri aura zrIcandasUri aise do ziSya hue| ye AmradevasUri AkhyAnakamaNikoSa kI vRtti ke racayitA haiN| prazasti ke anusAra inhIM AmradevasUri ke ziSyoM meM haribhadrasUri, vijayasenasUri, yazodevasUri aura nemicandrasUri (dvitIya) Adi hue, yahI nemicandrasUri (dvitIya) isa pravacanasAroddhAra ke kartA haiN| apane anaMtanAhacariyaM kI grantha prazasti meM ina nemicandrasUri ne apane ko mandamati kahA hai isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki ye nemicandrasUri (dvitIya) hI usa anaMtanAhacariyaM ke evaM pravacanasAroddhAra nAmaka prastuta kRti ke kartA haiN| candrasUri ne usa prazasti meM apane jina anya guru bhrAtAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai unameM yazodevasUri ko lakSaNa, chanda, alaMkAra, tarka, sAhitya aura siddhAnta kA jJAtA kahA gayA hai / jJAtavya hai ki ye yazodevasUri hI prastuta kRti ke saMzodhaka bhI the / isa samagra carcA ke AdhAra para prastuta kRti ke kartA nemIcandrasUri (dvitIya) kI jo guru paramparA

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122 nirdhArita hotI hai use nimna sAriNI dvArA spaSTatayA samajhA jA sakatA hai bRhadgacchIya devasUri | AdityaajitadevasUri nemicandrasUri (prathama) paTTadhara AmradevasUri (ziSya) AnandadevasUri (paTTadhara ) pradyotanasUri paTTadhara jinacandrasUri ( paTTadhara) haribhadrasUri vijayasenasUri nemicandrasUri (dvitIya) yazodevasUri guNAkara pArzvadeva (mukhya paTTadhara) (ziSya paTTadhara) (ziSya paTTadhara) (ziSya paTTadhara) (ziSya) (ziSya) prastuta kRti kA racanAkAla : yadyapi pravacanasAroddhAra kI prazasti meM usake racanAkAla kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai, kintu usake kartA nemicandrasUri (dvitIya) kA sattAkAla vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se lekara 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka sunizcita hai| unhoMne apane anaMtanAhacariyaM meM usake racanAkAla kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| grantha ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM grantha kI antima prazasti meM unhoMne 'rasacaMdasUrasasevarise vikkamanivAvakante' ' aisA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai isase spaSTa hai ki isa grantha kI racanA vi0saM0 1216 meM huI thii| isa kRti meM kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza hai| isase bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki unhoMne jaba vi0 saM0 1216 meM anaMtanAhacariyaM kI racanA kI thI, taba gujarAta meM kumArapAla zAsana kara rahA thaa| ata: unakA sattAkAla vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka siddha hotA hai / IsA san kI dRSTi se to unakA sattAkAla IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI sunizcita hai| zrIcandrasUri (ziSya) pravacanasAroddhAra ke TIkAkAra siddhasenasUri ne isakI TIkA kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1248 matAntara se vikrama saMvat 1278 meM kI thii| TIkA prazasti

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123 meM isa TIkA ke racanAkAla kA zabdoM ke mAdhyama se "karisAgara ravisaMkhye" aisA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha matabheda isalie hai ki sAgara zabda se kucha loga cAra aura kucha loga sAta kI saMkhyA kA grahaNa karate haiN| sAgara se cAra saMkhyA kA grahaNa karane para TIkA kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1248 aura sAta saMkhyA grahaNa karane para TIkA kA racanAkAla vi0saM0 1278 nirdhArita hotA hai| inameM se cAhe koI bhI saMvat nizcita ho kintu itanA nizcita hai ki vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM yaha TIkA grantha nirmita ho cukA thaa| merI dRSTi meM yadi pravacanasAroddhAra bRhadgacchIya nemicandrasUri (dvitIya) ke jIvana ke uttarArdha kI aura anaMtanAhacariyaM ke bAda kI racanA hai to vaha vikrama saMvat 1216 ke pazcAt lagabhaga vi0 saM0 1230 ke AsapAsa kabhI likhA gayA hogA kyoMki anaMtanAhacariyaM ko samApta karake ise likhane meM 10-15 varSa avazya lage hoNge| punaH mUlagrantha aura usakI TIkA ke racanAkAla ke madhya bhI kama se kama 15 - 20 varSa kA antara to avazya hI mAnanA hogaa| mUlagrantha aura usakI TIkA usI sthiti meM samakAlika ho sakate haiM jabaki TIkA yA to svopajJa ho yA apane ziSya yA gurubhrAtA ke dvArA likhI gaI ho / prastuta kRti ke TIkAkAra siddhasenasUri nemIcandrasUri kI bRhadagacchIya devasUri kI paramparA se bhinna candragacchIya abhayadevasUri kI ziSya paramparA ke the| TIkAkAra siddhasenasUri kI gurU paramparA isa prakAra haicandragacchIya abhayadevasUri dhanezvarasUri (muJjanRpa ke samakAlIna) ajitasiMhasUra devacandra candraprebha (munipati) bhadrezvarasUri ajitasiMhasUri 1 devaprabhasUri ( pramANaprakAza evaM zreyAsaMcaritra ke kartA) siddhasenasUri (pravacanasAroddhAra ke TIkAkAra)

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124 jJAtavya hai isa kAla meM jaba granthoM kI hAtha se pratilipi taiyAra karAkara unheM prasArita kiyA jAtA thA taba unheM dUsare logoM ke pAsa pahaMcane meM paryApta samaya laga jAtA thaa| ata: prastuta kRti se siddhasenasUri ko paricita hone aura puna: usa para TIkA likhane meM paccIsa-tIsa varSa kA antarAla to avazya hI rahA hogaa| ata: yadi TIkA vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha ke dvitIya caraNa vikrama saMvat 1248 meM likhI gaI hai to mUlakRti kama se kama vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke prathama caraNa arthAt vi0 saM0 1225-30 meM likhI gaI hogii| ata: pravacanasAroddhAra kI racanA 1225 ke Asa-pAsa kabhI huI hogii| pravacanasAroddhAra maulika racanA hai yA mAtra saMgraha grantha ? pravacanasAroddhAra AcArya nemicandrasUri kI maulika kRti hai yA eka saMkalana grantha hai , isa prazna kA uttara denA atyanta kaThina hai kyoMki prastuta grantha meM 600 se adhika gAthAe~ aisI haiM jo Agama granthoM, niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, prakIrNakoM, prAcIna karma granthoM evaM jIvasamAsa Adi prakaraNa granthoM meM upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| pravacanasAroddhAra kI bhAratIya prAcya tatva prakAzana samiti piNDavAr3A se prakAzita prati meM usake vidvAna sampAdaka munizrI padmasena vijayajI aura munizrI candravijaya jI ne isakI lagabhaga 500 gAthAeM jina -jina granthoM se lI gayI haiM, unake mUla strota kA nirdeza kiyA hai| inake atirikta bhI aneka gAthAyeM aisI haiM jo AvazyakasUtra kI haribhadrIyavRtti Adi prAcIna TIkA granthoM meM uddhRta haiN| puna: pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke mere ziSya DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya kI sUcanA ke anusAra pravacanasAroddhAra meM sAta prakIrNakoM kI lagabhaga 72 gAthAe~ milatI haiN| kahIM-kahIM pATha bheda ko chor3akara ye gAthAeM bhI pravacanasAroddhAra meM samAna rUpa se hI upalabdha hotI haiN| isameM devidatthaoM kI 7, gacchAcAra kI1, jyotiSkaraNDaka kI 3, titthogAlI kI 32, ArAdhanApatAkA (prAcIna ) kI 20, ArAdhanApatAkA (vIrabhadrAcArya racita) kI 6 evaM pajjaMtArAhaNA (paryanta-ArAdhanA) kI 4 gAthAyeM milatI haiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki ye sabhI prakIrNaka nemicadrasUri ke pravacanasAroddhAra se prAcIna haiN| yaha nizcita hai ki ina gAthAoM kI racanA granthakAra ne svayaM nahIM kI hai, apitu inheM pUrva AcAryoM dvArA racita granthoM se yathAvat le liyA hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM abhI bhI aneka grantha aise haiM jinakI gAthA sUciyoM ke sAtha pravacanasAroddhAra kI gAthAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM huA hai| aMgavijjA jaise kucha prAcIna granthoM meM aura bhI samAna gAthAyeM milane kI saMbhAvanA hai isase aisA lagatA hai ki pravacanasAroddhAra kI lagabhaga AdhI gAthAyeM to anya granthoM se saMkalita haiN| aisI sthiti meM nemicandrasUri ko granthakAra yA kartA mAnane para

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125 aneka vipattiyAM sAmane AtI haiM kintu jaba taka sampUrNa grantha kI sabhI gAthAyeM saMkalita na hoM taba taka avaziSTa gAthAoM ke racanAkAra to nemicandrasUri (dvitIya) ko hI mAnanA hogaa| prAcIna kAla meM grantha racanA karate samaya Agama athavA prAcIna AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM se binA nAma nirdeza ke gAthAyeM uddhRta kara lene kI pravRtti rahI hai aura isa prakAra kI pravRtti zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke racanAkAroM meM pAI jAtI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mUlAcAra meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra, Avazyakaniryukti, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna Adi aneka granthoM kI 200 se adhika gAthAyeM uddhRta haiN| yahI sthiti bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM AcArya kundakunda ke niyamasAra Adi granthoM kI bhI hai| niyamasAra SaTprAbhRta Adi kI aneka gAthAeM zvetAmbara AgamoM, prakIrNakoM, niyuktiyoM evaM bhASyoM Adi meM samarUpa milatI haiN| zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM bhI saMgrahaNI sUtra Adi kI evaM prakIrNakoM meM eka dUsare kI aneka gAthAyeM avatarita kI gaI haiN| isa prakAra apane granthoM meM anya granthoM se gAthAyeM avatarita karane kI paramparA prAcInakAla se calI A rahI hai| aisI sthiti meM jaba dUsare dUsare AcAryoM ko tat - tat grantha kA racanAkAra mAna liyA jAtA hai to phira nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) ko prastuta kRti kA kartA mAna lene para kauna sI Apatti hai ? punaH 1600 gAthAoM ke isa grantha meM yadi 600 gAthAyeM anyakRtaka haiM bhI to zeSa 1000 gAthAoM ke racanAkAra to nemIcandrasUri (dvitIya) haiM hii| pravacanasArodvAra kI kauna sI gAthA kisa grantha meM kisa sthAna para milatI hai| athavA anya granthoM kI kauna sI gAthAe~ pravacanasAroddhAra ke kisa krama para haiM isakI sUcI isI lekha ke anta meM yathAsthAna prastuta hai - - jaisA ki lekha ke prArambha meM kahA jA cukA haiM pravacanasAroddhAra para AcArya siddhasenasUri kI lagabhaga vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM likhI gaI 'tattvajJAna-vikAsinI' nAmaka eka sarala kintu vizada TIkA upalabdha hotI hai| TIkAkAra siddhasenasUri kI tIna anya kRtiyoM - 1. padmaprabhacaritra 2. samAcArI aura 3. eka stuti kA ullekha milatA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kI 'tattvajJAna - vikAsinI' nAmaka yaha vRtti yA TIkA TIkAkAra kI bahuzrutatA ko abhivyakta karatI hai| unhoMne isameM lagabhaga 100 granthoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura unake 500 se adhika sandarbhoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| ina uddharaNoM kI sUcI bhI piNDavADA se prakAzita pravacanasAroddhAra bhAga-2 ke anta meM de dI gaI hai| isase vRttikAra kI bahuzrutatA prAmANita ho jAtI hai / vRttikAra ne jahAM

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126 AvazyakatA huI vahAM na kevala apanI vivecanA prastuta kI apitu pUrva pakSa ko prastuta kara usakA samAdhAna bhI kiyaa| jahAM kahIM bhI unheM vyAkhyA meM matabheda kI sUcanA prApta huI unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se anya mata kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| isI prakAra jahAM mUlapATha ke sandarbha meM kisI prakAra kI vipratipatti dikhAI dI unhoMne pATha ko apanI dRSTi se zuddha banAne kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai| isa prakAra prastuta grantha kI yaha TIkA bhI atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kI viSayavastu pravacanasAroddhAra ke prArambha meM maMgala abhidhAna ke pazcAt 63 gAthAoM meM isa ke 276 dvAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ina dvAroM ke nAmoM ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prastuta kRti meM jainadharmadarzana ke vividha pakSoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi pravacanasAroddhAra meM mUla gAthAoM kI saMkhyA mAtra 1599 hai phira bhI isameM jaina dharma darzana ke aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSoM ko samAhita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| mUla gAthAoM kI saMkhyA kama hote hue bhI isakA viSaya vaividhya itanA hai ki ise " jaina dharma darzana kA laghu vizvakoSa" kahA jA sakatA hai| Age hama isake 276 dvAroM kI viSayavastu kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kreNge| pravacanasAroddhAra ke prathama dvAra meM caityavaMdana vidhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| caityavaMdana ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama dasa trikoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| ye dasa trika nimna haiM- 1. triniSedhikA 2. tripradakSiNA 3. tripraNAma 4. trividhapUjA 5. triavasthA bhAvanA 6. tridazAnirIkSaNa virati 7. trividha bhUmi pramArjana 8. varNatrika 9. mudrAtrika aura 10. praNidhAna trik| caityavandana hetu jina - bhavana meM praveza karate sarvaprathama puSpa, tAmbUla Adi sacitta dravyoM kA parihAra kare, AbhUSaNa Adi acitta dravyoM kA parihAra nahIM kare aura eka adhovastra tathA eka uttarIya dhAraNa kre| jJAtavya hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra yahA~ ahaMkAra sUcaka acitta dravya jaise chatra, cAmara, mukuTa Adi ke bhI tyAga kA nirdeza hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kI TIkA isa sambandha meM vistRta vivecanA karatI hai| cakSu dvArA jina pratimA dikhAI dene para aMjali pragraha kare aura ekAgracitta hokara pUrvokta dasatrikoM kA anusaraNa karatA huA jina pratimA ko vandana kare / ye dasatrika nimnAnusAra haiM 1. sarvaprathama niSedhikAtrika meM gRhI jIvana sambandhI sAvadya vyApAra kA pratiSedha 2. jina bhavana sambandhI sAvadha vyApAra kA tyAga aura 3. pUjA vidhAna sambandhI sAvadya vyApAra kA tyaag| kucha anya AcAryoM ke anusAra ye tIna niSedhikAeM

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127 isa prakAra haiM 1. jina mandira ke mukhya dvAra para Akara gRha sambandhI kAryoM kA niSedha kareM 2. phira jina-mandira ke madhya bhAga (raMga-maNDapa) meM praveza karate samaya sAvadha (hiMsaka) vacana-vyApAra kA niSedha kareM aura 3. garbhagRha meM praveza karane para sabhI sAvana (hiMsaka) kAryoM ke mAnasika cintana kA bhI niSedha kareM - yaha niSedhikAtrika hai| 2. jina pratimA kI tIna pradakSiNA karanA pradakSiNA trika hai| 3. jina pratimA ko tIna bAra praNAma karanA praNAma trika hai| 4. pUjAtrika ke antargata tIna prakAra kI pUjA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai1. puSpa pUjA 2. akSata pUjA aura 3. stuti pUjA / 5. jina kI chadmastha, kaivalya aura siddha- ina tIna avasthAoM kA cintana karanA tri-avasthA bhAvanA hai| 6. tIna dizAoM meM na dekhakara mAtra jina-bimba ke sanmukha dRSTi rakhanA tridizAnirIkSaNavirati hai| 7. jisa bhUmi para sthita rahakara jina pratimA ko vandana karanA hai usa sthala kA gRhastha dvArA vastra aJcala se aura muni dvArA rajoharaNa se tIna bAra pramArjana karanA pramArjanAtrika hai| 8. zabda, artha evaM Alambana (pratimA) ye varNa-trika haiN| 9. mudrAtrika ke antargata tIna prakAra kI mudrAeM batAyI gaI haiM 1. jinamudrA 2. yogamudrA 3. muktAzukti mudrA / 10. mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtiyoM kA saMvaraNa karake paramAtmA kI zaraNa grahaNa karanA praNidhAna trika hai| caityavandanadvAra meM uparokta daza trikoM ke sAtha-sAtha stuti evaM vandana vidhi kA tathA dvAdaza adhikAroM kA vivecana hai| anta meM caityavandana kaba aura kitanI bAra karanA Adi kI carcA ke sAtha caityavandana ke jaghanya, madhyama evaM utkRSTa bhedoM kA vivecana karate hue yaha caityavandana dvAra samApta hotA hai| caityavandana nAmaka prathama dvAra ke pazcAt pravacanasArodvAra kA dUsarA dvAra guruvandana ke vidhi-vidhA evaM doSoM se sambandhita hai| prastuta kRti meM guruvandana ke 192 sthAna varNita kiye gaye haiM- mukhavatrikA, kAya (zarIra) aura Avazyaka kriyA ina tInoM meM pratyeka ke paccIsa-paccIsa sthAna batAye gaye haiN| inake atirikta sthAna sambandhI cha:, guNa sambandhI cha:, vacana sambandhI cha:, adhikArI ko vandana na karane

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128 sambandhI pA~ca aura anadhikArI ko vandana karane sambandhI pA~ca sthAna aura pratiSedha sambandhI pA~ca sthAna batAye haiN| isI krama meM avagraha sambandhI eka, abhidhAna sambandhI pA~ca, udAharaNa sambandhI pA~ca, AzAtanA sambandhI teMtIsa, vandana doSa sambandhI batIsa evaM kAraNa sambandhI ATha aise kula 192 sthAnoM kA ullekha hai / isa carcA meM mukhavastrikA ke dvArA kAya arthAt zarIra ke kina-kina bhAgoM kA kaise pramArjana karanA cAhie isakA vistRta evaM rocaka vivaraNa hai| isI krama meM guruvandana karate samaya khamAsanA ke pATha kA kisa prakAra se uccAraNa karanA tathA usa samaya kaisI kriyA karanI cAhie isakA bhI isa dvAra meM nirdeza hai / vandana ke anadhikArI ke rUpa meM 1. pArzvastha 2. avasanna 3. kuzIla 4. saMsakta aura 5. yathAchanda aise pA~ca prakAra ke zramaNoM kA na kevala ullekha kiyA gayA hai, apitu unake svarUpa kA bhI vistRta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isI krama meM zItalaka, kSullaka, zrIkRSNa, sevaka aura pAlaka ke dRSTAnta bhI diye gaye haiM / anta meM teMtIsa, AzAtanAoM aura vandana sambandhI battIsa doSoM evaM vandanA ke ATha kAraNa kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prathama evaM dvitIya dvAra lagabhaga 100 gAthAoM meM sampUrNa hote haiN| pravacanasArodvAra ke tIsare dvAra meM daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kI vidhi tathA inake antargata kiye jAne vAle kAyotsarga evaM kSAmaNakoM (khamAsanA) kI vidhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki daivasika - pratikramaNa meM cAra, rAtrika pratikramaNa meM do, pAkSika meM bAraha, cAturmAsika meM bIsa aura sAMvatsarika meM cAlIsa logassa kA dhyAna karanA caahie| puna: isI prasaMga meM inakI zloka saMkhyA evaM zvAsozvAsa kI saMkhyA kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se daivasika pratikramaNa meM 100, rAtrika meM 50, pAkSika meM 300, cAturmAsika meM 500 aura vArSika meM 1000 zvAsozvAsa kA dhyAna karanA caahie| isI krama meM Age kSAmaNakoM (guru se kSamAyAcanA sambandhI pATha) kI saMkhyA kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| Counte caturtha pratyAkhyAna dvAra meM sarvaprathama nimna dasa pratyAkhyAnoM kI carcA hai - 1. bhaviSya sambandhI 2. atIta sambandhI 3. koTi sahita 4. niyantrita 5. sAkAra 6. anAkAra 7. parimANa vrata 8. niravazeSa 9. sAMketika aura 10. kAla sambandhI pratyAkhyAna / sAMketika pratyAkhyAna meM dRSTi, muSThi, granthI Adi jina AdhAroM para sAMketika pratyAkhyAna kiye jAte haiM unakI carcA hai| isI krama meM Age samaya sambandhI dasa pratyAkhyAnoM kI carcA kI gaI hai isameM navakArasI, arddha- pauruSI, pauruSI Adi ke pratyAkhyAnoM kI carcA hai| isI krama meM dasa vikRtiyoM (vigayoM) kI, battIsa

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129 anantakAyoM kI aura bAvIsa abhakSyoM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI isameM zuddha pratyAkhyAna ke kAraNa evaM svarUpa kA vivecana bhI hai / pA~cavAM kAyotsarga dvAra hai| isake antargata mukhya rUpa se kAyotsarga ke 19 doSoM kI carcA kI gaI hai isI krama meM ina doSoM ke svarUpa kA bhI kiJcit digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kA chaThAM dvAra zrAvaka pratikramaNa ke aticAroM kA varNana karatA hai| isake antargata saMlekhanA ke pA~ca, karmAdAna ke pandraha, jJAnAcAra ke ATha, darzanAcAra ke ATha, cAritrAcAra ke ATha, tapa ke bAraha, vIrya ke tIna, samyakattva ke pA~ca, ahiMsA Adi pA~ca aNuvratoM, dikvata Adi tIna guNavratoM, sAmAyika Adi cAra zikSAvratoM- aise zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke sATha aticAroM kA ullekha hai / yaha samasta vivaraNa zrAvaka pratikramaNa sUtra ke anurUpa hI hai| pravacanasAroddhAra ke saptamadvAra meM bharata evaM airAvata kSetra meM hue tIrthaMkaroM (jina) ke nAmoM kI sUcI prastuta kI gaI hai isake antargata jahA~ bharata kSetra ke atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata tInoM caubIsiyoM ke jinoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM vahIM airAvata kSetra ke vartamAna kAla ke jinoM ke hI nAma diye gaye haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki pravacanasAroddhAra ke prathama sAta dvAroM taka to apane bhedaprabhedoM ke sAtha viSayoM kA vistAra se vivecana huA hai / kintu AThaveM dvAra se vivecana saMkSipta rUpa meM hI kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM aSTama dvAra meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke prathama gaNadharoM ke nAmoM kA bhI ullekha hai| navama dvAra ke antargata pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI pravartaniyoM arthAt sAdhvIpramukhAoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dazama-dvAra ke antargata tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke upArjana hetu jina bIsa sthAnakoM kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, unakI carcA hai| yaha vivecana jJAtAdharmakathA ke mallI adhyayana meM milatA hai| gyArahaveM dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM kA ullekha hai| bArahaveM - dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAe~ apane deha kA tyAga kara kisa gati meM utpanna huIM, isakI carcA hai| terahavAM-dvAra kisI kAla vizeSa meM jinoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa saMkhyA kA vicAra karatA hai| cauhadaveM- dvAra ke antargata yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa jina ke janma ke samaya loka meM adhikatama aura nyUnatama jinoM kI saMkhyA kitanI thI /

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130 pandrahavAM dvAra jinoM ke gaNadharoM kI samagra saMkhyA kA vivecana karatA hai| isI krama meM Age solahaveM-dvAra meM muniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, satrahaveM -dvAra meM sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA kA, aThArahaveM-dvAra meM jinoM ke vaikriya labdhidhAraka muniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, unnIsaveM-dvAra meM vAdiyoM kI saMkhyA kA, bIsaveM-dvAra meM avadhi jJAniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, ikkIsaveM-dvAra meM kevala jJAniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, bAvIsaveM dvAra meM manaH paryavajJAniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, tevIsaveM- dvAra meM caturdaza pUrvo ke dhArakoM kI saMkhyA kA, caubIsaveMdvAra meM jinoM ke zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA kA aura paccIsaveM-dvAra meM zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza huA hai| isI krama meM chabbIsavAM-dvAra tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana-sahAyaka yakSoM ke nAma kA ullekha karatA hai to sattAisavAM dvAra yakSaNiyoM ke nAmoM ko sUcita karatA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kA aThAvIsavAM dvAra tIrthaMkaroM ke zarIra ke parimANa (lambAI) kA nirdeza karatA hai to unatIsavAM dvAra pratyeka tIrthaMkaroM ke viziSTa lAMchana kI carcA karatA hai| tIsaveM-dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM ke varNa arthAt zarIra ke raMga kI carcA kI gaI hai| ikatIsavAM-dvAra kisa tIrthaMkara ke sAtha kitane vyaktiyoM ne munidharma svIkAra kiyA unakI saMkhyA kA nirdeza karatA hai| battIsavAM-dvAra tIrthaMkaroM kI Ayu kA nirdeza karatA hai| tetIsaveM-dvAra meM pratyeka tIrthaMkaroM ne kitane muniyoM ke sAtha nirvANa prApta kiyA, isakA ullekha hai to cautIsavAM-dvAra kisa tIrthaMkara ne kisa sthAna para nirvANa prApta kiyA, isakA ullekha karatA haiN| ___"paiMtIsavAM-dvAra' tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya zalAkApuruSoM ke madhya kitane-kitane kAla kA antarAla rahA hai, isakA vivecana prastuta karatA hai jabaki chattIsaveM dvAra meM isa bAta kI carcA hai ki kisa tIrthaMkara kA tIrtha yA zAsana kitane kAla taka calA aura bIca meM kitane kAla kA antarAla rhaa| isaprakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sAtaveM dvAra se lekara chattIsaveM dvAra taka untIsa dvAroM meM mukhyata: tIrthaMkaroM se sambandhita vibhinna tathyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| __'saiMtIsaveM dvAra' se lekara 'santAnave -dvAra taka ikasaTha dvAroM meM puna: jaina siddhAnta aura AcAra sambandhI vivecana prastuta kiye gaye haiN| yadyapi bIca meM kahIMkahIM tIrthaMkaroM ke tapa Adi kA bhI nirdeza hai| saiMtIsaveM dvAra meM dasa AzAtanAoM kA ullekha hai to ar3atIsaveM dvAra meM caurAsI AzAtanAoM kA ullekha hai| isI carcA ke prasaMga meM isa dvAra meM municaitya meM kitane samaya taka raha sakatA hai isakI carcA bhI

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_ 'untAlIsaveM-dvAra' meM tIrthaMkaroM ke ATha mahApratihAryoM aura 'cAlIsaveM-dvAra' meM tIrthaMkaroM ke cauMtIsa atizayoM (viziSTatAoM) kI carcA hai| 'ikatAlIsavAM-dvAra' una aThAraha doSoM kA ullekha karatA hai, jinase tIrthaMkara mukta rahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM jinako unhoMne naSTa kara diyA hai| ___ 'bayAlIsavAM-dvAra' jina-zabda ke cAra nikSepoM kI carcA karatA hai aura yaha batAtA hai ki RSabha, zAnti, mahAvIra Adi jinoM ke nAma nAmajina haiM jabaki kaivalya aura mukti ko prApta jina bhAvajina arthAta yathArthajina haiN| jina-pratimA ko sthApanA jina kahA jAtA hai aura jo bhaviSya meM jina hone vAle haiM ve dravyajina kahalAte haiN| 'tirAlIsavAM-dvAra kisa tIrthaMkara ne dIkSA ke samaya kitane dina kA tapa kiyA thA isakA vivecana karatA hai isI krama meM cavAlIsaveM dvAra meM kisa tIrthaMkara ko kevalajJAna utpanna hone ke samaya kitane dina kA tapa thA, isakA ullekha hai| Age paitAlIsaveM-dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane nirvANa ke samaya kiye gaye tapa kA ullekha hai| prastuta kRti kA chiyAlIsavAM-dvAra una jIvoM kA ullekha karatA hai jo bhaviSya meM tIrthaMkara hone vAle haiN| saitAlIsaveM-dvAra meM isa bAta kI carcA kI gaI hai ki urdhvaloka, tiryakaloka, jala, sthala Adi sthAnoM se eka sAtha kitane vyakti mukti ko prApta kara sakate haiN| ___ 'ar3atAlIsavAM-dvAra hameM yaha sUcanA detA hai ki eka samaya meM eka sAtha kitane puruSa, kitanI striyAM athavA kitane napuMsaka siddha ho sakate haiN| unacAsaveM-dvAra meM siddhoM ke bhedoM kI carcA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vaise to siddhoM meM koI bheda nahIM hotA kintu jisa paryAya/avasthA se siddha hue haiM, usake AdhAra para siddhoM ke pandraha bhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| pacAsaveM dvAra meM siddhoM kI avagAhanA arthAta unake Atma-pradezoM ke vistArakSetra kI carcA kI gaI hai| isI krama meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki utkRSTa avagAhanA vAle do, jaghanya avagAhanA vAle cAra tathA madhyama avagAhanA vAle eka sau ATha vyakti eka sAtha siddha ho sakate haiN| avagAhanA ke sandarbha meM carcA karate hue prastuta kRti ke TIkAkAra ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki utkRSTa avagAhanA pAMca sau dhanuSa aura jaghanya avagAhanA do hAtha parimANa hotI hai| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki siddhoM kI utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya avagAhanA ke sandarbha meM vizeSa carcA prastuta kRti ke chappanaveM, sattAvanaveM evaM aThThAvanaveM dvAra meM bhI kI gayI hai|

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132 'ikAvanaveM-dvAra meM svaliMga, anyaliMga aura gRhasthaliMga kI apekSA se eka samaya meM kitane siddha ho sakate haiM isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| gRhastha liMga se cAra, anyaliGga se dasa aura svaliMga se eka sau ATha vyakti eka samaya meM siddha ho sakate haiN| Age 'bAvanaveM-dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nirantara arthAt binA antarAla kitane samaya taka jIva siddha ho sakate haiM aura unakI saMkhyA kitanI hotI hai| _ 'panaveM-dvAra meM strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka kI apekSA se eka samaya meM kitane vyakti siddha ho sakate haiM, isakI carcA hai| isa sandarbha meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki eka samaya meM bIsa striyAM, eka sau ATha puruSa aura dasa napuMsaka zarIra paryAya se siddha ho sakate haiN| puna: isI dvAra meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki naraka, bhavanapati, vyaMtara aura tiryakaloka ke strIpuruSa tathA akalpavAsI arthAt gaiveyaka evaM anuttaravimAnavAsI deva puna: manuSyabhava grahaNa karake mukti prApta karate haiM to ve eka samaya meM adhikatama dasa-dasa vyakti hI siddha ho sakate haiN| kalpavAsI devoM se manuSya janma grahaNa kara mukta hone vAle jIvoM kI adhikatama saMkhyA eka sau sATha ho sakatI hai| pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika aura paMkaprabhA Adi se manuSya bhava grahaNa karake mukti prApta karane vAle eka samaya meM cAra-cAra vyakti hI siddha ho sakate haiN| caupanaveM-dvAra meM siddhoM ke Atma-pradezoM ke saMsthAna (vistAra kSetra) kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa carcA meM uttAnaka, ardhaavanata, pArzvasthita, sthita, upaviSTa Adi saMsthAnoM kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| isake pazcAt pacapanaveM dvAra meM siddhoM kI avasthiti kI carcA hai| vastuta: isa prasaMga meM siddha zilA ke Upara aura aloka se nIce kitane madhya bhAga meM siddha avasthita rahe hue haiM, yaha batAyA gayA hai / puna: jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai 56-57 veM aura 58veM dvAra meM siddhoM kI utkRSTa-madhyama aura jaghanya avagAhanA kI carcA kI gaI hai| unsaThaveM dvAra meM loka kI zAzvata jina pratimAoM kA ullekha hai| sAThaveM dvAra meM jina kalpa kA pAlana karane vAle muniyoM ke aura ikasaThaveM dvAra meM sthavira kalpa kA pAlana karane vAle muniyoM ke upakaraNoM kA ullekha hai| isI prasaMga meM svayaM buddha aura pratyeka buddha ke svarUpa kI carcA bhI kI gayI hai| bAsaThaveM dvAra meM sAdhviyoM ke upakaraNoM kI carcA hai| jabaki saThavAM dvAra jina kalpikoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM vivecana karatA hai, causaThaveM dvAra meM AcArya ke 36 guNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, isI prasaMga meM AcArya kI ATha sampadAoM kI bhI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ AcArya ke ina chattIsa guNoM kI

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carcA aneka apekSAoM se upalabdha hotI hai| paisaThaveM dvAra meM jahA~ vinaya ke bAvana bhedoM kI carcA hai, vahIM chiyAsaThaveM dvAra meM caraNa sattarI aura sar3asaThaveM dvAra meM karaNa sattarI kA vivecana hai| paMca mahAvrata, dasa zramaNa dharma, satraha prakAra kA saMyama, dasa prakAra kI vaiyAvRtya, nau brahmacarya guptiyAM, tIna ratnatraya, bAraha tapa aura krodha Adi cAra kapAyoM kA nigraha ye caraNa sattarI ke sattara bheda haiN| 133 prastuta kRti meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki anya anya AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM meM caraNa sattarI ke ina sattara bhedoM kA vargIkaraNa kisa-kisa prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| karaNa-sattarI ke antargata solaha udgama doSoM, solaha utpAdana doSoM, dasa eSaNA doMSoM, pAMca grAseSaNA doSoM, pAMca samitiyoM, bAraha bhAvanAoM, pAMca indriyoM kA nirodha, tIna gupti Adi kI carcA kI gaI hai| ar3asaThaveM dvAra meM jaMghAcAraNa aura vidyAcAraNa labdhi arthAt AkAza gamana sambandhI viziSTa zaktiyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| unahataraveM dvAra meM parihAra vizuddhi tapa ke svarUpa kA aura sattaraveM dvAra meM yathAlandika ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai / ikahattaraveM dvAra meM ar3atAlIsa niryAmakoM aura unake kArya vibhAjana kI carcA hai| niryAmaka samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiye hue muni kI paricaryA karane vAle muniyoM ko kahA jAtA hai| bahattaraveM dvAra meM paMca mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| isI krama meM tihattaravAM dvAra AsurI Adi paccIsa azubha bhAvanAoM kA vivecana karatA hai| cauhattaraveM dvAra meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke kAla meM mahAvratoM kI saMkhyA kitanI hotI hai, isakA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 75 veM dvAra meM caudaha kRtikarmoM kI carcA hai| kRtikarma kA tAtparya AcArya Adi jyeSTha muniyoM ke vaMdana se hai| 76 veM dvAra meM bharata, airAvata Adi kSetroM meM kitane cAritra hote haiM, isakI carcA karatA hai| prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM bharata aura airavata kSetra meM sAmAyika Adi pAMca cAritra pAye jAte haiM kintu zeSa bAisa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM ina kSetroM meM sAmAyika, sUkSma samparAya aura yathAkhyAta ye tIna cAritra upalabdha hote haiN| mahAvideha kSetra meM pUrvokta tIna cAritra hI hote haiN| ina kSetroM meM chedopasthApanIya aura parihAra vizuddhi cAritra kA kadAcit abhAva hotA hai|

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134 77veM aura 78veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki dasa sthitikalpoM meM madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM cAra sthita, chaH vaikalpika kalpa hote haiM jabaki prathama aura antima tIrthakara ke samaya meM dasa hI sthita kalpa hote haiN| 79 veM dvAra meM nimna prakAra ke caityoM kA ullekha huA hai (1) bhakti caitya (2) maMgala caitya (3) nizrAkRta caitya (4) anizrAkRta caitya aura (5) zAzvata caitya | - 80 veM dvAra meM nimna pAMca prakAra kI pustakoM kA ullekha huA hai - ( 1 ) gaNDikA (2) kacchapI (3) muSTi (4) saMyukta phalaka (5) chedapATI / isI krama meM 81 veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke daNDoM kA, 82 veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke tRNoM kA, 83 veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke camar3e kA aura 84 veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke vastroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 85 veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke avagrahoM (Thaharane ke sthAnoM) kA aura 86 veM dvAra meM bAisa parISahoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 87 veM dvAra meM sAta prakAra kI maNDaliyoM kA ullekha hai to 88 veM dvAra meM jambUsvAmI ke samaya meM jina dasa bAtoM kA viccheda huA, unakA ullekha hai| 89 veM dvAra meM kSapaka zreNI kA aura 90 veM dvAra meM upazama zreNI kA vivecana hai| 1 veM dvAra meM sthaNDila bhUmi (mUla-mUtra visarjana karane kA sthAna ) kaisI honI cAhie- isakA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| 92veM dvAra meM caudaha pUrvI aura unake viSaya tathA padoM kI saMkhyA Adi kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 93veM dvAra meM nirgranthoM ke pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka - aise pAMca prakAroM kI carcA hai| 94 veM dvAra meM nirgrantha, zAkya, tApasa, gairUka aura AjIvaka aise pAMca prakAra ke zramaNoM kI carcA hai| 95 veM dvAra meM saMyojana, pramANa, aMgAra, dhUma aura kAraNa aise grAsaiSaNA ke pAMca doSoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| muni ko bhojana karate samaya svAda ke liye bhojya padArthoM kA sammizraNa karanA, parimANa se adhika AhAra karanA, bhojya padArthoM meM rAga rakhanA, pratikUla bhojya padArthoM kI nindA karanA aura akAraNa AhAra karanA niSiddha hai| 96 veM dvAra meM piNDa-pANaiSaNA ke sAta prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai| 97 veM dvAra meM bhikSAcaryA aSTaka arthAt bhikSAcaryA ke ATha prakAroM kA vivecana

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135 kiyA gayA hai| 983 dvAra meM dasa prAyazcitoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dasa prAyazcita nimna haiM--- (1) AlocanA (2) pratikramaNa (3) AlocanA sahita pratikramaNa (4) viveka (5) vyutsarga (6) tapa (7) cheda (8) mUla (9) anavasthita upasthApanA aura (10) paaraanycik| __ 99veM dvAra meM oghasamAcArI arthAt sAmAnya samAcArI kA vivecana hai, yaha vivecana odhaniyukti meM pratipAdita samAcArI para AdhArita hai| 100veM dvAra meM pada vibhAga samAcArI kA ullekha hai| jJAtavya hai ki chedasUtroM meM varNita samAcArI pada vibhAga samAcArI kahalAtI hai| 101veM dvAra meM cakravAla samAcArI kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| cakravAla samAcArI icchAkAra, mithyAkAra Adi dasa prakAra kI hai| yaha samAcArI uttarAdhyayana aura bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI varNita hai| prastuta kRti meM isa samAcArI kA vistRta vivecana hai| 102veM dvAra meM upazama zreNI aura kSapaka zreNI kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 1033 dvAra meM gItArtha vihAra aura gItArtha Azrita vihAra kA nirdeza hai| isI sandarbha meM yAtrA karate samaya kisa prakAra kI sAvadhAnI rakhanA cAhiye, isakA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki Agama ke sAtha-sAtha deza-kAla aura paristhiti kA Akalana karane meM samartha sAdhaka gItArtha kahalAtA hai| 104veM dvAra meM apratibaddha vicAra kA nirdeza hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki muni cAturmAsa kAla meM cAramAsa taka, anya kAla meM eka mAsa taka eka sthAna para raha sakatA hai, usake pazcAt sAmAnya paristhiti meM vihAra karanA caahie| 105veM dvAra meM jAtakalpa aura ajAtakalpaM kA nirdeza hai| zrutasampanna gItArtha muni ke sAtha yAtrA karanA jAtakalpa hai aura isase bhinna ajAtakalpa / isI krama meM Rtubaddha bihAra ko sammata vihAra kahA gayA hai aura isase bhinna vihAra ko asammata vihAra kahA gayA hai| 106veM dvAra meM mala-mUtra Adi ke pratisthApana arthAt visarjana kI vidhi kA vivecana hai| isI prasaMga meM vibhinna dizAoM kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 107veM dvAra meM dIkSA ke ayogya aTTAraha prakAra ke puruSoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM 108 veM dvAra meM dIkSA ke ayogya bIsa prakAra kI striyoM kA bhI ullekha hai|

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136 109 veM dvAra meM napuMsakoM ko aura 110 veM dvAra meM vikalAMgoM ko dIkSA ke ayogya batAyA gayA hai| napuMsakoM kI carcA karate hue TIkA meM unake solaha prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai aura solaha prakAroM meM se dasa prakAra ko dIkSA ke ayogya aura chaH prakAra ko dIkSA ke yogya mAnA gayA hai| 111 veM dvAra meM sAdhu ko kitane mUlya kA vastra kalpya (grAhya) hai usakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isI prasaMga meM vibhinna pradezoM aura nagaroM meM mudrA vinimaya kA pArasparika anupAta kyA thA, isakI bhI carcA huI hai| 1 yahA~ yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki eka lAkha sAbhAraka ke mUlya vAlA vastra utkRSTa hotA hai aura aTThAraha sAbhAraka yA usase bhI kama mUlyavAlA vastra jaghanya hotA hai| ina donoM ke madhya kA vastra madhyama koTi kA mAnA jAtA hai| muni ke liye alpa mUlya kA vastra hI grahaNa karane yogya hai| 112 veM dvAra meM zayyAtara piNDa arthAta jisane nivAsa ke liye sthAna diyA ho usake yahA~ se bhojana grahaNa karanA niSiddha mAnA gayA hai| isI krama meM aTThAraha prakAra ke zayyAtaroM kA ullekha bhI huA hai| 113veM dvAra meM zrutajJAna aura samyaktva ke pArasparika sambandha kI carcA huI hai| 114veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke nirgranthoM kA pAMca prakAra ke jJAnoM se aura cAra prakAra kI gatiyoM se sambandha batAyA gayA hai| 115 veM dvAra meM jisa kSetra meM sUrya udita ho gayA hai usa kSetra se grahIta azana Adi hI kalpya hotA hai, zeSa kAlAtikrAnta kahalAtA hai jo akalpya (agrAhya) hai| 116veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki do kosa se adhika dUrI se lAyA gayA bhojana-pAna kSetrAtIta kahalAtA hai aura yaha muni ke liye akalpya hai| 117 veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki prathama prahara meM liyA gayA bhojana - pAna Adi tIsare prahara taka bhojya hote haiM usake bAda ve kAlAtIta hokara akalpya ho jAtA haiN| 118 veM dvAra meM puruSa ke liye battIsa kavala bhojana hI grAhya mAnA gayA hai| isase adhika bhojana pramANatikrAnta hone se akalpya mAnA jAtA hai| 119 veM dvAra meM cAra prakAra ke nivAsa sthAnoM ko duHkha zayyA batAyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga meM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki jina sthAnoM para azraddhAlu jana rahate hoM, jahA~ para dUsaroM se kucha prApti ke liye prArthanAyeM kI jAtI hoM, jahA~ manojJa zabda, rUpa athavA bhojana Adi milate hoM aura jahA~ mardana Adi hotA ho, ve sthAna muni

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137 ke nivAsa ke ayogya haiN| 120 veM dvAra meM usake viparIta cAra prakAra kI sukhazayyA arthAt muni ke nivAsa ke yogya mAne gaye haiN| 121veM dvAra meM teraha kriyA sthAnoM kI, 122 veM dvAra meM zruta sAmAyika, darzana sAmAyika, deza samAyika aura sarvasAmAyika aisI cAra prakAra sAmAyika kI aura 123 veM dvAra meM aTThAraha hajAra zIlAMgoM kI carcA hai| punaH 124 veM dvAra meM sAta nayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai jabaki 125veM dvAra meM muni ke liye vastra grahaNa kI vidhi batAyI gayI hai| 126veM dvAra meM Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta aise pAMca vyavahAroM kI carcA hai| 127veM dvAra meM nimna pAMca prakAra ke yathAjAta kA ullekha hai| (1) colapaTTa (2) rajoharaNa (3) aurNika (4) kSaumika aura (5) makhavastrikA / ina upakaraNoM se hI zramaNa kA janma hotA hai| ata: inheM yathAjAta kahA gayA hai| 128veM dvAra meM muniyoM ke rAtri jAgaraNa kI vidhi kA vivecana hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki prathama prahara meM AcArya, gItArtha aura sabhI sAdhu milakara svAdhyAya kreN| dUsare prahara meM sabhI muni aura AcArya so jAyeM aura gItArtha muni svAdhyAya kreN| tIsare prahara meM AcArya jAgRta hokara svAdhyAya kareM aura gItArtha muni so jaayeN| cauthe prahara meM sabhI sAdhu uThakara svAdhyAya kreN| AcArya aura gItArtha soye raheM kyoMki unheM bAda meM pravacana Adi kArya karane hote haiN| 1293 dvAra meM jisa vyakti ke sAmane AlocanA kI jA sakatI hai usako khojane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| 130veM dvAra meM prati jAgaraNa ke kAla ke sambandha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 131 veM dvAra meM muni kI upadhi arthAt saMyamopakaraNa ke dhone ke kAla kA vivecana hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa upadhi ko kitane kAla ke pazcAt dhonA caahie| 132veM dvAra meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AhAra kI mAtrA kitanI honA cAhiye, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyata: yaha batAyA gayA hai ki muni ko bar3e AMvale ke AkAra ke battIsa kaura aura sAdhvI ko aTThAvIsa kaura AhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| 133ve dvAra meM vasati arthAt muni ke nivAsa kI zuddhi Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| muni ke liye kisa prakAra kA AvAsa grAhya hotA hai isakI vivecanA isa dvAra meM kI gaI hai| 134veM dvAra meM saMlekhanA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kA vistRta vivecana kiyA

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138 gayA hai| 135veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nagara kI kalpanA pUrvAbhimukha vRSabha ke rUpa meM kare usake pazcAt use usa vRSabha rUpa kalpita nagara meM kisa sthAna para nivAsa karanA hai, isakA nizcaya kre| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai kisa aMga / kSetra meM nivAsa karane kA kyA phala hotA hai| 136 veM dvAra meM kisa Rtu meM kisa prakAra kA jala kisane kAla taka prAsuka rahatA hai aura bAda meM sacitta ho jAtA hai, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki uSNa kiyA huA prAsuka jala grISma Rtu meM pAMca prahara taka, zIta Rtu meM cAra prahara taka aura varSA Rtu meM tIna prahara taka prAsuka (acita) rahatA hai aura bAda meM sacitta ho jAtA hai / yadyapi cUnA Adi DAlakara adhika samaya taka use prAsu rakhA jA sakatA hai| 137veM dvAra meM pazu-pakSI Adi tIryaJca - jIvoM kI mAdAoM ke sambandha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 138veM dvAra meM isa avasarpiNI kAla meM ghaTita hue isa prakAra ke Azcaryo jaise mahAvIra ke garbha kA saMharaNa, strI tIrthaMkara Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 139veM dvAra meM satya, mRSA, satya mRSa (mizra) aura asatya - amRSA aisI cAra prakAra kI bhASAoM kA unake AvAntara bhedoM aura udAharaNoM sahita vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 140vAM dvAra vacana Sor3asaka arthAt solaha prakAra ke vacanoM kA ullekha karatA hai| 141veM dvAra meM mAsa paMcaka aura 142 veM dvAra meM varSa paMcaka kA vivecana hai| 143 veM dvAra meM loka ke svarUpa (AkAra-prakAra) kA vivecana hai isI krama meM yahA~ loka puruSa kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai / 144 se lekara 147 taka cAra dvAroM meM kramazaH tIna, cAra, dasa aura pandraha prakAra kI saMjJAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 148 veM dvAra meM samyaktva sar3asaTha bhedoM kA vivecana hai, jabaki 149 veM dvAra meM samyaktva ke eka-do Adi vibhinna bhedoM kI vistAra pUrvaka carcA kI gaI hai| 150veM dvAra ke andara pRthvIkAya Adi SaD jIvanikAyake kuloM kI saMkhyA kA vivecana hai| prANiyoM kI prajAti ko yoni aura unakI upa prajAtiyoM ko kula kahate haiN| ina kuloM kI saMkhyA eka karor3a sattAnave lAkha pacAsa hajAra mAnI gaI hai|

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139 151veM dvAra meM caurAsI lAkha jIva yoniyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa dvAra meM pRthvIkAya kI sAta lAkha, apakAya kI sAta lAkha, agnikAya kI sAta lAkha, vAyukAya kI sAta lAkha, pratyeka vanaspatikAya kI dasa lAkha, sAdhAraNa vanaspatikAya kI caudaha lAkha, dvIndriya kI do lAkha, trIndriya kI do lAkha, caurindriya kI do lAkha, nAraka cAra lAkha, devatA cAra lAkha, tiryaJca cAra lAkha, manuSyoM kI caudaha lAkha prajAti (yoni) mAnI gayI hai| 152veM dvAra meM kAlatrika, dravya SaTaka, navapadArtha, jIva nikAya SaTaka, SaTlezyA, paMca astikAya, pAMca vrata, pAMca gati, pAMca cAritra kA nirdeza hai| 153ve dvAra meM gRhastha upAsaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA vivecana hai| ye gyAraha pratimAyeM nimna haiM : (1) darzana pratimA (2) vrata pratimA (3) sAmAyika pratimA (4) pauSadhopavAsa pratimA (5) niyama pratimA (6) sacita tyAga pratimA (7) brahmacarya pratimA (8) Arambha tyAga pratimA (9) preSya tyAga pratimA (10) auddezika AhAra tyAga pratimA (11) zramaNabhUta prtimaa| 154veM dvAra meM vibhinna prakAra ke dhAnyoM ke bIja kitane kAla taka sacitta rahate haiM aura kaba nirjIva ho jAte haiM: isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 155ve dvAra meM kauna sI vastuyeM kSetrAtIta hone para acita ho jAtI haiM isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM 156veM dvAra meM gehUM, cAvala, mUMga-tila Adi caubIsa prakAra ke dhAnyoM kA vivecana hai| 157 veM dvAra meM samavAyAMgasUtra ke samAna satraha prakAra ke maraNoM (mRtyu) kA vivecana hai| 158 veM aura 159 veM dvAroM meM kramaza: palyopama aura sAgaropama ke svarUpa kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isI krama meM 160 veM aura 161 veM dvAroM meM kramaza: avasarpiNI kAla aura utsarpiNIkAla ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai usake pazcAt 162 veM dvAra meM pudgala parAvarta kAla ke svarUpa kA vivecana huA hai| 163 veM aura 164 veM dvAroM meM kramaza: pandraha karma bhUmiyoM aura tIsa akarma bhUmiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 165 veM dvAra meM jAtimada, kulamada Adi ATha prakAra ke bhedoM (ahaMkAroM) kA vivecana hai| 166 veM dvAra meM hiMsA ke do sau tirAlisa bhedoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isI prakAra 167 veM dvAra meM pariNAmoM ke eka sau ATha bhedoM kI carcA kI

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140 gaI hai| 168 veM dvAra meM brahmacarya ke aTThAraha prakAroM kI carcA hai aura 169 veM dvAra meM kAma ke caubIsa bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM Age 170 veM dvAra meM dasa prakAra ke prANoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| jaina darzana meM pA~ca indriyA~, mana-vacana aura kAyA-aise tIna bala, zvAsozvAsa aura Ayu aise dasa prANa mAne gaye haiN| 171 veM dvAra meM dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM kI carcA hai| 172 veM dvAra meM sAta naraka bhUmiyoM ke nAma aura gotra kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| Age 173 se lekara 182 taka ke sabhI dvAra nArakIya jIvana ke vivecana se sambaddha haiN| 173 veM dvAra meM naraka ke AvAsoM kA, 174 veM dvAra meM nArakIya vedanA kA, 175 veM dvAra meM nArakoM kI Ayu kA, 176 veM dvAra meM nArakIya jIvoM ke zarIra kI lambAI Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| punaH 177 veM dvAra meM narakagati, pratisamaya utpatti aura antarAla kA vivecana hai| 178 vAM dvAra kisa naraka ke jIvoM meM kauna sI dravya lezyA pAI jAtI hai isakA vivecana karatA hai, jabaki 179 vAM dvAra nAraka jIvoM ke avadhijJAna ke svarUpa kA vivecana karatA hai| 180 veM dvAra meM nArakIya jIvoM ko daNDita karane vAle paramAdhAmI devoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 181 veM dvAra meM nArakIya jIvoM kI upalabdhi arthAt zakti kA vivecana hai jabaki 182 veM, 183 aura 184 veM dvAroM meM nArakIya jIvoM ke upapAta arthAta janma kA vivecana prastuta hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jIva kina yoniyoM se marakara kauna se naraka meM utpanna hotA hai aura nArakIya jIva marakara tiryaMca aura manuSya yoniyoM meM kahA~-kahA~ janma lete haiN| 185 se 191 taka ke sAta dvAroM meM kramaza: ekendriya jIvoM kI kAya sthiti, bhavasthiti, zarIra pariNAma, indriyoM ke svarUpa, indriyoM ke viSaya, ekendriya jIvoM kI lezyA tathA unakI gati aura Agati kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| 192 aura 193 veM dvAroM meM vikalendriya Adi kI utpatti, cyavana evaM virahakAla (antarAla) kA tathA janma aura mRtyu prApta karane vAloM kI saMkhyA kA

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141 vivecana hai| 194 veM dvAra meM bhavanapati Adi devoM kI kAyasthiti, 195 veM meM unake bhavanAdi kA svarUpa, 196 veM dvAra meM ina devoM ke zarIra kI lambAI Adi aura 197 veM dvAra meM vibhinna devoM meM pAI jAne vAlI dravya lezyA kA vivecana hai| isI krama meM 198 veM dvAra meM devoM ke avadhijJAna ke svarUpa kA aura 1.99 veM dvAra meM devoM kI utpatti meM hone vAle virahakAla kA vivecana hai| . 200 veM dvAra meM devoM kI upapAta ke virahakAla kA aura 201 veM dvAra meM devoM ke upapAta kI saMkhyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 202 aura 203 veM dvAroM meM kramaza: devoM kI gati aura Agati kA vivecana hai| 204 vAM dvAra siddha gati meM jAne vAle jIvoM ke bIca jo antarAla arthAt virahakAla hotA hai usakA vivecana karatA hai| 205 veM dvAra meM jIvoM ke AhArAdi svarUpa kA vivecana hai| 206 veM dvAra meM tIna sau tresaTha pAkhaMDI matoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 207 veM dvAra meM pramAda ke ATha bhedoM kA vivecana hai| - 208 veM dvAra meM bAraha cakravartiyoM kA, 209 veM dvAra nau baladevoM kA, 210 veM dvAra meM nau vAsudevoM kA aura 211 veM dvAra meM nau prativAsudevoM kA saMkSipta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| 212 veM dvAra meM cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi ke kramaza: caudaha aura sAta ratnoM kA vivecana hai| 213 veM dvAra meM cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi kI nava nidhiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 214 vAM dvAra vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma lene vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA Adi kA vivecana karatA hai| 215 veM dvAra se lekara 220 veM dvAra taka cha: dvAroM meM jaina karma siddhAnta kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| inameM kramaza: ATha mUla prakRtiyoM, eka sau aTThAvana uttara prakRtiyoM, unake bandha Adi ke svarUpa tathA unakI sthiti kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| antima do dvAroM meM kramaza: bayAlIsa puNya prakRtiyoM kA aura bayAsI pApa prakRtiyoM kA vivecana hai|

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142 221 veM dvAra meM jIvoM ke kSAyika Adi chaH prakAra ke bhAvoM kA vivecana hai| isake sAtha hI isa dvAra meM vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM pAye jAne vAle vibhinna bhAvoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 222 vAM evaM 223 vAM dvAra kramazaH jIvoM ke caudaha aura ajIvoM ke caudaha prakAra kA vivecana karatA hai| 224 veM dvAra meM 14 guNasthAnoM kA, 225 veM dvAra meM caudaha mArgaNAoM kA, 226 veM dvAra meM bAraha upayogoM kA aura 227 veM dvAra meM pandraha yogoM kA vivecana hai| 237 veM dvAra meM aTThAraha prakAra ke pApoM kA vivecana hai| 238 veM dvAra meM muni ke sattAisa mUla guNoM kA vivecana hai| 239 veM dvAra meM zrAvaka ke ikkIsa guNoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 240 veM dvAra meM tiryaMca jIvoM kI garbha sthiti ke utkRSTa kAla kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai jabaki 241 veM dvAra meM manuSyoM kI garbha sthiti ke sambandha meM vivecana hai / 242vAM dvAra manuSya kI kAya sthiti ko spaSTa karatA hai| 243 veM dvAra meM garbha meM sthiti jIva ke AhAra ke svarUpa kA vivecana haiM to 244 veM dvAra meM garbha kA dhAraNa kaba sambhava hotA hai isakA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / 245 aura 246 veM dvAra meM kramazaH yaha batAyA gayA hai ki eka pitA ke kitane putra ho sakate haiM? aura eka putra ke kitane pitA ho sakate haiN| Adhunika jIva vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha eka rocaka viSaya hai| 247 veM dvAra meM strI-puruSa kaba saMtAnotpatti ke ayogya hote haiM isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / 248 veM dvAra meM vIrya Adi kI mAtrA ke sambandha meM carcA kI gaI hai isameM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki eka zarIra meM rakta, vIrya Adi kI kitanI mAtrA hotI hai| 249 veM dvAra meM samyaktva Adi kI upalabdhi meM kisa apekSA se kitanA antarAla hotA hai isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 250 veM dvAra meM manuSya bhava meM kinakI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai, isakA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 251 veM dvAra meM gyAraha aMgoM ke parimANa kA aura 252 veM dvAra meM caudaha pUrvoM ke parimANa kA vivecana hai| inameM mukhya rUpa se yaha batAyA hai ki kisa aMga aura kisa pUrva kI kitanI zloka saMkhyA hotI hai| 253 veM dvAra meM lavaNa zikhA ke parimANa kA ullekha hai|

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143 254 vAM dvAra vibhinna prakAra ke aMguloM (mApa vizeSa) kA vivecana karatA hai| 255 veM dvAra meM trasakAya ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 256 veM dvAra meM cha: prakAra ke anantakAyoM kI carcA hai| 257 veM dvAra meM nimitta zAstra ke ATha aMgoM kA vivecana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha dvAra aSTAMga nimitta zAstra kA vivecana karatA hai| 258 veM dvAra meM mAna aura unmAna arthAt mApa-taula sambandhI vibhinna paimAne diye gaye haiN| 259 veM dvAra meM aTThAraha prakAra ke bhojya padArthoM kA vivecana hai| 260 vAM dvAra SaT sthAnaka hAni vRddhi nAmaka jaina darzana kI viziSTa avadhAraNA kA vivecana karatA hai| 261 veM dvAra meM una jIvoM kA nirdeza hai, jinakA saMharaNa sambhava nahIM hotA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNI, apagataveda, parihAravizuddhacAritra, pulAkalabdhi, apramatta guNasthAnavartI, caudaha pUrvadhara evaM AhArakalabdhi se sampanna jIvoM kA saMharaNa nahIM hotA hai| 262 veM dvAra meM chappana antadvIpoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 263 veM dvAra meM jIvoM kA pArasparika alpabahutva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 264 veM dvAra meM yugapradhAna sUriyoM arthAt AcAryoM kI saMkhyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 265 veM dvAra meM RSabha se lekara mahAvIra svAmI paryanta tIrtha kI sthiti kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 266 vAM dvAra vibhinna devalokoM meM devatA apanI kAma vAsanA kI pUrti kaise karate haiM, isakA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| 267 veM dvAra meM kRSNarAjI kA vivecana hai / 268 vAM dvAra asvAdhyAya ke svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana karatA hai| 269 veM dvAra meM nandIzvara dvIpa ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 270 veM dvAra meM vibhinna prakAra kI labdhiyoM (viziSTa zaktiyoM) kA vivecana hai| . 271 veM dvAra meM chaH Antara aura chaH bAhya tapoM ke svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana hai| 272 veM dvAra meM dasa pAtAlakalazoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai| 273 veM dvAra meM AhAraka zarIra ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 274 veM dvAra meM anArya dezoM kA aura 275 veM dvAra meM Arya dezoM kA

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144 vivecana hai| antima 276 vAM dvAra siddhoM ke ikattosa guNoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha vizAlakAya kRti 276 dvAroM (adhyAyoM) meM jaina darzana ke 276 viziSTa pakSoM ke vivecana ke sAtha samApta hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kRti ko jaina dharma darzana kA eka choTA vizvakoSa kahA jA sakatA hai| hameM yaha jAnakara atyanta prasannatA hotI hai ki prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura jaina darzana ke isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ko hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita kara rahI hai| isase jana sAmAnya aura vidvata varga donoM kA hI upakAra hogaa| kyoMki isakA hindI bhASA meM koI bhI anuvAda upalabdha nahIM thaa| parama viduSI sAdhvI zrI hemaprabhA zrI jI0 ma0 sA0 ne isa vizAlakAya grantha kA hindI anuvAda karane kA jo kaThinatara kArya kiyA hai, vaha stutya to hai hI, sAtha hI unakI bahuzrutatA kA paricAyaka bhI hai| aise durUha prAkRta grantha kA hindI anuvAda karanA sahaja nahIM thA, yaha unake sAhasa kA hI pariNAma hai ki unhoMne na kevala isa mahAkArya ko hAtha meM liyA, apitu prAmANikatA ke sAtha ise sampUrNa bhI kiyaa| anuvAda meM unhoMne mUla grantha ke sAtha TIkA ko bhI AdhAra banAyA hai| isase pAThakoM ko viSaya ko spaSTa rUpa se samajhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| anuvAda sahaja aura sugama hai aura sIdhA mUla viSaya ko sparza karatA hai vastuta: yaha pUjyA sAdhvIjI kA jaina vidhA ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai aura isa hetu ve hama sabhI ke sAdhuvAda kI pAtra haiN|

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anya granthoM kI gAthAe~ aura pravacanasAroddhAra aGgulasaptati aGgulasaptati aGgalasaptati AcArAMganiryukti ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (vIrabhadra) ArAhaNApaDAyA (vIrabhadra) 4 39 10 11 12 33 176 180 504 651 651 671 672 686 687 714 715 717 719 746 747 748 749 89 90 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra * isa sambandha meM hamArA AdhAra muni padmasenavijayajI dvArA sampAdita evaM bhAratIya prAcya tattva prakAzana samiti piNDavADA dvArA prakAzita 'pravacana - sAroddhAra khaNDa 1-2' evaM DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya kA Alekha 'prakIrNaka evaM pravacanasAroddhAra' rahe haiM / 1389 1394 1395 925 875 876 877 629 267 268 129 561 1256 685 686 1207 1208 641 642 644 646 636 637 638 639 267 268

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146 875 877 98 1532 1600 124 183 184 203 204 205 206 247 310 311 ArAhaNApaDAyA (vIrabhadra) 155 ArAhaNApaDAyA (vIrabhadra) 157 ArAhaNApaDAyA (vIrabhadra) 543 Avazyakaniyukti 1202 Avazyakaniyukti 1198 Avazyakaniyukti 1531 Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti 1599 Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti 1601 Avazyakaniyukti 1602 Avazyakaniyukti 1546 Avazyakaniyukti 179 Avazyakaniyukti 180 Avazyakaniyukti 181 Avazyakaniyukti 385 Avazyakaniyukti 386 Avazyakaniyukti 387 Avazyakaniyukti 388 Avazyakaniyukti 389 Avazyakaniyukti 266 Avazyakaniyukti 267 Avazyakaniyukti 276 Avazyakaniyukti 377 Avazyakaniyukti 224 Avazyakaniyukti 225 Avazyakaniyukti 303 Avazyakaniyukti 304 Avazyakaniyukti 305 Avazyakaniyukti 308 Avazyakaniyukti 309 Avazyakaniyukti 310 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW 0 0 . 312 320 321 322 323 324 329 328 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390

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147 228 255 306 454 455 456 482 483 484 970 969 967 965 485 959 971 486 487 488 972 973 121 116 1418 489 694 700 750 760 Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 762 763 764 767 667 668 682 688 696 1172 857 858 754 759 47 14 778 837 838 847 848 1084 1303 1448 1456 1457 1458 1459 214 1331 1332 1334 1335

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148 Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka niyukti AvazyakabhASyam AvazyakabhASyam AvazyakabhASyam AvazyakabhASyam AvazyakabhASyam AvazyakabhASyam 41 42 43 216 217 219 AvazyakabhASyam 220 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 82 482 uttarAdhyayananiyukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti 483 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 212 uttarAdhyayananiryukti 213 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 215 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 216 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 217 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 219 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 221 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 222 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 223 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 224 24/7 28/16 uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram 1337 1338 1342 1344 1347 1350 1351 1352 1355 1358 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1470 1471 1211 1212 1213 1454 1455 1468 1469 691 760 761 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1014 1015 1016 779 950

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951 952 953 954 955 28/18 28/19 28/20 28/21 28/22 28/23 28/24 28/25 28/26 28/27 956 957 958 959 960 17 1094 668 669 703 705 708 491 492 506 uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram uttarAdhyayana sUtram upadezapadam oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 502 510 kh 723 or or or or 0. or 9999999999uru 9mm or or o w r 9 9 mor " 514 515 0 0 0 0 0 0MGms Mu0%AGm 722 kh 530 670 709 710 330

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150 m 786 m 789 316 317 660 351 352 313 314 315 316 861 864 865 532 533 khkh kh kh kh kh kh kh kh khl l l 534 m 535 318 m 536 537 538 320 s w 3 562 787 184 oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniryakti Aghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 185 1/5 788 1241 1251 1262 1/71 1/72 1/73 1/74 1/75 1/76 1/77 1/78 1/79 1/80 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1276 1/81 1/82 4/79

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karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) gacchAyAra paiNNayaM caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 489 490 499 492 493 494 63 jambUdvIpaprajJapti vakSaskAra 2 / 19 jIvasamAsa 40 jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa 4/13 4/26 4/34 1 / 136 59 180 478 41 42 43 44 117 118 119 120 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 151 1300 1302 130. 1317 737 66 2475 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 432 1390 963 964 965 966 967 1018 1019 1020 1021

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or 12 or or 132 or m r o 152 jIvasamAsa 121 jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa 125 jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa 123 jIvasamAsa 124 jIvasamAsa 127 jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa 133 jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa 192 jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa 98 jIvasamAsa 103 joisakaraMDaga paiNNayaM* 83 joisakaraMDaga paiNNayaM 84 joisakaraMDaga paiNNayaM* 95 jyotiSkaraNDaka prakIrNaka 79 jyotiSkaraNDaka prakIrNaka 73 jyotiSkaraNDaka prakIrNaka 74 titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM 46 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra or oo o o oo o 0 in mx 5 w a vor o or rmx m or a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 or m Mmm Mmm M0 0 mm 0 0 0 rrrrrrr mmmmm or or orroromroor mm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 or" 0 "0 0 0ior or or or or or r 82 22 1037 1067 * DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya dvArA nirdiSTa gAthAoM ke kramAMka muni padmasena vijayajI dvArA diye gaye gAthA kramAMka se bhinna hai / ho sakatA hai yaha bhinnatA saMskaraNa bheda ke kAraNa ho inameM dasa gAthAoM kA antara hai / padmasena vijayajI ke saMskaraNa meM inakA kramAMka kramaza: 73, 74 evaM 85 hai /

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153 47 1068 49 1070 1034 1387 406 384 454 82 360 395 400 567 568 570 571 610 titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM dazavaikAlikAniyukti dazavaikAlikAniyukti dazavaikAlikAniyukti dazavaikAlikAniyukti dazavaikAlikAniyukti 888 889 1133 1136 1141 1142 1170 1207 1220 1237 1238 1239 1242 1243 47 48 325 326 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 326 1209 1210 1213 693 885 886 1220 1223 1228 1229 1035 553 935 486 482 484 488 489 270 271 549 550 46 555

Page #161
154 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 47 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 48 dazavaikAlikAniryakti 273 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 274 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 275 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 276 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 277 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 252 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 253 dazavaikAlikAniryukti 259 260 261 262 67 dazavaikAlikAniryukti dazavaikAlikAniryukti devidatthao paiNNayaM devidatyao paiNNayaM devidatthao paiNNayaM devidatthao paiNNayaM devidatyao paiNNayaM devidatthao paiNNayaM devidatthao paiNNayaM devidatthao paiNNayaM dharmaratnaprakaraNa dharmaratnaprakaraNa dharmaratnaprakaraNa dharmasaMgrahaNI dharmasaMgrahaNI dharmasaMgrahaNI nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam 81 184 192 286 287 289 5 6 7 618 619 620 1390 1391 1392 4003 4001 4002 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 559 560 891 892 893 894 895 1004 1005 1032 1063 1064 2065 1130 1133 1137 1160 486 484 1540 1356 1357 1358 1263 1264 1265 493 494 497 676 677 678

Page #162
790 791 3506 3507 3561 3709 793 3710 1144 nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam paJcakalpabhASyam paJcakalpabhASyam paJcasaMgraha paJcasaMgraha paJcasaMgraha paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam 1145 1149 1148 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 5087 5086 5088 5089 4833 4834 4835 200 201 dvAra 3/11 dvAra 3/4 dvAra 3/25 371 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 850 851 852 853 1001 1002 1003 790 791 1274 1254 1298 217 775 827 1538 611 1539 1540 612 613

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156 1541 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 399 614 623 624 625 626 627 628 702 400 710 300 745 230 895 896 1328 768 772 773 780 r paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcavastukaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam pazcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam pazcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam 1330 . 707 GGWW. pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 781 782 871 872 873 874 875 876 885 708 709 706 1574 1575 926 927 3/17 3/18 3/19 3/20 3/21 5/8 5/9 5/10 886 72 73 74 75 76 203 204 205

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157 paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam pazcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam 5/27 5/28 5/29 5/30 13/3 18/3 18/4 18/5 18/6 18/7 17/26 17/10 17/8 17/12 17/16 17/32 17/37 17/38 17/39 16/2 12/2 12/3 12/10 12/14 14/2 14/3 14/4 14/5 14/6 14/7 14/8 14/9 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 207 208 209 210 563 574 575 576 577 578 647 650 651 652 653 654 656 657 658 740 760 761 763 764 839 842 843 844 845 846

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158 paJcAzakaprakaraNam 15/41 pravacanasAroddhAra paJcAzakaprakaraNam 10/17 pravacanasAroddhAra pazcAzakaprakaraNam 10/18 pravacanasAroddhAra paJcAzakaprakaraNam 10/19 pravacanasAroddhAra paryantArAdhanA pravacanasAroddhAra paryantArAdhanA pravacanasAroddhAra paryantArAdhanA pravacanasAroddhAra paryantArAdhanA pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 408 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 409 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 662 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 663 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 664 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 665 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 666 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 27 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 642 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 650 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 651 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 652 pravacanasAroddhAra piNDavizuddhi 653 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada11/sU. 862gA. 194 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada11/sU. 863 gA. 195 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada 1/sU. 866 gA. 196 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada 1/sU. 110 gA. 131 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada 1/sU. 110 gA. 119 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada 1/sU. 110 gA. 121 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada 1/sU. 110 gA. 122 pravacanasAroddhAra 862 985 986 987 976 877 927 641 564 565 566 567 568 734 735 736 520 737 738 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 891 892 895 928 950 951 952

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159 1131 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 prajJApanAsUtram pada2/sU. 194 gA. 151 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada1/sU. 102 gA. 112 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada1/sU.102 gA. 113 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada1/sU. 102 gA. 114 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada1/sU. 102 gA. 115 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada1/sU. 102 gA. 116 pravacanasAroddhAra prajJApanAsUtram pada1/sU. 102 gA. 117 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1328 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1439 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1441 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1442 : pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1443 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1444 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1445 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 6361 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1775 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 443 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 444 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 688 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 4286 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 4287 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1506 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1507 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 1508 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 457 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 459 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 3890 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 3891 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 3892 pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatkalpabhASyam 3525 pravacanasAroddhAra 498 614 624 625 626 627 628 650 663 709 710 456 770 775 776 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 797 798 799 800 458

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160 801 802 803 805 807 808 3526 3530 3529 3539 3541 3543 2832 2831 2833 2834 582 583 584 1494 1495 973 974 975 850 851 852 853 871 872 873 879 880 bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 001 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1002 2003 351 968 969 1072 352 239 255 233 1073 1075 234 1076 1079 1080 1081 279 280 281 282 289 284 285 1082 1083 1091 1092 1093 286

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bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNA bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 333 334 312 313 314 307 311 310 308 342 170 169 171 172 337 338 340 341 42 58 5 4 12 17 35 36 37 55 117 118 119 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 161 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1102 1103 1104 1110 1117 1118 1119 1120 1124 1125 1126 1127 1129 1130 1138 1139 1140 1143 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153

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162 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI vRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 120 143 144 148 150 220 221 222 223 224 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 180 157 184 198 199 200 201 202 214 215 303 304 312 363 181 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1177 1178 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1187 1215 1216 1217 1317 1439

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263 1449 760 1085 1443 1396 750 oo 780 781 * r ng ae bRhatsaMgrahaNI 6/5/243 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 25/7/801 bhagavatIsUtram 3/7/4 bhagavatIsUtram 6/5/243 vizeSaNavatI vyavahArasUtrabhASyam u.1 gA.53 vyavahArasUtrabhASyam u.2 gA.20 vyavahArasUtrabhASyam u.3 gA.15 vyavahArasUtrabhASyam u.3 gA. 16 zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam 2 zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam 3 zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam 9 ng ; & # # # # # # # # # # pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1344 1345 1346 # # # # #

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164 zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam 27 zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam 28 zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam 30 zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNam 40 7 8 saMtikaraM saMtikaraM saMtikaraM saMtikaraM 10 saptatizatasthAnaprakaraNam 208 samavAyAMgasUtram sthA. 15sU. 1gA. 11-12 samavAyAMgasUtram pari. sU. 158/47 samavAyAMgasUtram pari. sU. 158/48 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/18 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/12 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/17 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/92 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/141 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/146 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/148 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/150 6/151 7/37 7/47 saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa bodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/48 7/64 7/198 5/138 1/87 1/34 1/35 1 / 36 1/14 2/18 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1347 1348 1349 1350 373 374 375 376 440 1086 1209 1210 103 106 120 238 264 267 269 271 272 277 278 279 280 283 286 432 443 444 445 452 491

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saMbodhaprakaraNa bodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/230 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/223 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/68 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/231 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/270 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/271 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/273 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/234 pravacanasAroddhAra 3/238 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/239 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/16 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/241 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/249 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/274 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/277 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/280 pravacanasAroddhAra 12/52 pravacanasAroddhAra 12/53 pravacanasAroddhAra 12/54 pravacanasAroddhAra 12/55 pravacanasAroddhAra 12/56 pravacanasAroddhAra 11/38 pravacanasAroddhAra 4/30 pravacanasAroddhAra 4/32 pravacanasAroddhAra 12/67 pravacanasAroddhAra 12/70 pravacanasAroddhAra 12/71 pravacanasAroddhAra 2/52 pravacanasAroddhAra 4/60 pravacanasAroddhAra 4/61 pravacanasAroddhAra 4/68 pravacanasAroddhAra 4/84 pravacanasAroddhAra 16.5 551 552 557 562 565 566 568 636 640 641 644 719 728 734 739 745 754 755 756 757 758 809 836 837 855 858 859 891 927 928 934 945

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949 7/1 981 989 co. 166 saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/85 pravacanasAroddhAra 946 saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/88 pravacanasAroddhAra saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/89. pravacanasAroddhAra 950 saMbodhaprakaraNa pravacanasAroddhAra 977 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/88 pravacanasAroddhAra 980 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/89 pravacanasAroddhAra saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/90 pravacanasAroddhAra 982 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/96 pravacanasAroddhAra 984 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/98 pravacanasAroddhAra 986 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/104 pravacanasAroddhAra saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/103 . pravacanasAroddhAra 992 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/110 pravacanasAroddhAra saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/45 pravacanasAroddhAra 1057 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/65 pravacanasAroddhAra 1064 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/66 pravacanasAroddhAra 1065 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/32 pravacanasAroddhAra 1238 saMbodhaprakaraNa pravacanasAroddhAra 1242 saMbodhaprakaraNa 3/38 pravacanasAroddhAra 1243 saMbodhaprakaraNa 3/39 pravacanasAroddhAra 1244 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/42 pravacanasAroddhAra 1247 saMbodhaprakaraNa 3/199 pravacanasAroddhAra 1354 saMbodhaprakaraNa 3/200 pravacanasAroddhAra 1355 saMbodhaprakaraNa 5/6 pravacanasAroddhAra 1356 saMbodhaprakaraNa pravacanasAroddhAra 1357 saMbodhaprakaraNa 5/8 pravacanasAroddhAra 1358 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.10 sU777gA. 175 pravacanasAroddhAra 885 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.10 sU.777gA. 176 pravacanasAroddhAra 886 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9/sU.673gA.1 pravacanasAroddhAra 1218 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9/sU.673gA.2 pravacanasAroddhAra 1219 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA.3 pravacanasAroddhAra 1220 * muni jambUvijayajI dvArA sampAdita ThANAMgasutta meM inakA gAthA kramAMka 1 se 14 na hokara gAthA kramAMka 117-130 hai / 3/37 -

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1221 1223 1224 1225 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 4 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 5 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA.6 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 7 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 8 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 9 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 10 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 11 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 12 sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA.13 / sthAnAMgasUtram sthA.9 sU.673gA. 14 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra / pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231

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wr 9 74 3/19 75 98 pravacanasAroddhAra aura anya granthoM kI gAthAe~ pravacanasAroddhAra caityavandanamahAbhASyam 180 pravacanasAroddhAra paJcAzakaprakaraNam 3/17 pravacanasAroddhAra paJcAzakaprakaraNam 3/18 pravacanasAroddhAra paJcAzakaprakaraNam pravacanasAroddhAra paJcAzakaprakaraNam 3/20 pravacanasAroddhAra 76 paJcAzakaprakaraNam 3/21 pravacanasAroddhAra Avazyakaniyukti 1202 pravacanasAroddhAra 103 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/18 pravacanasAroddhAra 106 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/12 pravacanasAroddhAra 120 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/17 pravacanasAroddhAra 124 Avazyakaniyukti 1198 pravacanasAroddhAra 129 ArAdhanApatAkA (prA.) 504 pravacanasAroddhAra 183 Avazyakaniyukti pravacanasAroddhAra Avazyakaniyukti 1532 pravacanasAroddhAra 203 Avazyakaniyukti 1599 pravacanasAroddhAra 203 paJcAzakaprakaraNam 5/8 pravacanasAroddhAra 204 Avazyakaniyukti 1600 pravacanasAroddhAra 204 paJcAzakaprakaraNam pravacanasAroddhAra Avazyakaniyukti 1601 pravacanasAroddhAra pazcAzakaprakaraNam 5/10 pravacanasAroddhAra 206 Avazyakaniyukti 1602 pravacanasAroddhAra 207 paJcAzakaprakaraNam 5/27 pravacanasAroddhAra paJcAzakaprakaraNam 5/8 pravacanasAroddhAra 209 pazcAzakaprakaraNam 5/29 pravacanasAroddhAra 210 pazcAzakaprakaraNam 5/30 pravacanasAroddhAra 217 paJcavastuprakaraNam 371 pravacanasAroddhAra saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/92 pravacanasAroddhAra 247 Avazyakaniyukti 1546 pravacanasAroddhAra 247 caityavandana mahAbhASya 478 208 238

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169 481 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 264 267 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra caityavandana mahAbhASya 480 caityavandana mahAbhASya caityavandana mahAbhASya 482 caityavandana mahAbhASya 483 dana mahAbhASya 484 caityavandana mahAbhASya 485 caityavandana mahAbhASya 486 caityavandana mahAbhASya 487 caityavandana mahAbhASya 489 caityavandana mahAbhASya 490 caityavandana mahAbhASya 491 caityavandana mahAbhASya 492 caityavandana mahAbhASya 493 caityavandana mahAbhASya 494 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/141 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/146 ArAdhanApatAkA (vIrabhadra) 89. ArAdhanApatA 176 ArAdhanApatAkA (prA.) 180 ArAdhanApatAkA (vIrabhadra) 90 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/148 dazavaikAlikaniyukti 47 dazavaikAlikaniyukti 48 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/150 saMbodhaprakaraNa 6/151 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/37 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/47 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/48 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/64 saMbodhaprakaraNa 7/198 saMbodhaprakaraNa 5/138 Avazyakaniyukti 179 267 267 268 268 269 270 271 271 272 277 278 289 280 283 286 310

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170 31.1 312 320 321 322 323 324 388 325 326 328 329 373 m h 374 375 m m 376 381 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra Avazyakaniyukti 180 Avazyakaniyukti 181 Avazyakaniyukti 385 Avazyakaniyukti 386 Avazyakaniyukti 387 Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti 389 tityogAlIpaiNNayaM 567 tityogAlIpaiNNayaM 568 Avazyakaniyukti 266 Avazyakaniyukti 267 saMtikaraM saMtikaraM saMtikaraM saMtikaraM Avazyakaniyukti 376 Avazyakaniyukti 377 Avazyakaniyukti 224 Avazyakaniyukti 225 tityogAlIpaiNNayaM 395 Avazyakaniyukti 303 Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti 305 Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti 309 Avazyakaniyukti nizIthabhASyam 1390 nizIthabhASyam titthogAlIpaiNNayaM 360 caityvndnmhaabhaassym| 63 saMbodhaprakaraNa 1/87 saptatizatasthAnaprakaraNam 208 304 308 382 383 384 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 403 404 406 432 432 440 310 m

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443 444 445 452 454 454 455 456 482 482 483 484 484 485 486 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa Avazyakaniyukti titthogAlIpaiNNayaM Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti titthogAlIpaiNNayaM Avazyakaniyukti devidatthao paiNNaya titthogAlIpaiNNayaM Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti devidatthao paiNNayaM Avazyakaniyukti tithyogAlIpaiNNayaM Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti titthogAlIpaiNNayaM saMbodhaprakaraNa oghaniyukti oghaniyukti nizIthabhASya nizIthabhASya paJcavastuprakaraNam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam oghaniyukti oghaniyukti 1/34 1/35 1/36 1/14 228 400 255 306 970 1238 969 287 233 965 957 286 486 487 971 488 488 489 489 1242 972 973 1243 2/18 668 669 1390 1391 775 1392 1328 703 705 493 494 494 497 506 507

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172 pravacanasArIddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 529 530 531 532 533 533 534. 535 536 537 538 549 550 551 551 552 553 555 557 557 559 oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniryukti oghaniyukti oghaniryukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniyukti oghaniryukti oghaniryuktibhASyam oghaniryuktibhASyam oghaniryuktibhASyam paJcavastukaprakaraNam oghaniryaktibhASyama oghaniryuktibhASyam oghaniryuktibhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam oghaniryuktibhASyam dazavaikAlikaniryukti dazavaikAlikaniryukti oghaniryuktibhASyam saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa titthogAlIpaiNNayaM dazavaikAlikaniryukti saMbodhaprakaraNa ArAdhanApatAkA (vIra) dazavaikAlikaniryukti 708 711 713 714 721 723 710 712 691 706 722 676 677 313 314 315 827 316 317 318 319 320 325 329 2 2/230 2/223 1207 46 2/68 543 47

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173 560 488 651 561 562 562 563 564 565 2/31 13/3 565 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 566 566 567 568 568 574 575 576 577 578 kh dazavaikAlikaniyukti ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) oghaniyuktibhASyam saMbodhaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa piNDavizuddhi piNDavizuddhi saMbodhaprakaraNa piNDaniyukti saMbodhaprakaraNa piNDavizuddhi piNDavizuddhi saMbodhaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcavastuprakaraNam paJcavastuprakaraNam paJcavastuprakaraNam paJcavastuprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam paJcavastuprakaraNam paJcavastuprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam paJcavastuprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam paJcavastuprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam paJcavastuprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam 611 612 2/270 408 2/271 409 520 2/273 18/3 18/4 18/5 18/6 18/7 1538 1539 1540 1541 1439 1547 1548 1441 1549 1442 1550 1443 1551 1444 . kh 614 314 623 324 624 625 625 626 626 627 627 n r

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174 628 1552 1445 2/234 746 747 628 629 636 636 637 638 639 640 641 641 641 642 644 644 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 646 647 650 650 651 paJcavastuprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) saMbodhaprakaraNa ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) paryantArAdhanA ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) saMbodhaprakaraNa ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) pazcAzakaprakaraNam pazcAzakaprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam paJcAzakaprakaraNam oghaniyukti bhASyam pazcAzakaprakaraNam pazcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam oghaniyukti nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam 748 749 3/238 2/239 714 260 715 2/16 717 719 17/26 17/10 6361 17/8 79 17/12 17/16 17/32 17/37 17/38 17/39 1775 730 4003 4001 652 653 654 656 657 653 663 670 676 677 678 4002

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175 685 686 671 672 82 693 694 121 700 116 709 709 399 443 709 710 710 400 710 721 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 728 734 734 ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) uttarAdhyayananiyukti titthogAlIpaiNNaya Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti paJcavastukaprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam oghaniyukti oghaniyukti paJcavastukaprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam saMbodhaprakaraNa ArAdhanApatAkA (vIra) saMbodhaprakaraNa piNDaniyukti saMbodhaprakaraNa piNDaniyukti piNDaniyukti piNDaniyukti gacchAyArapaiNNayaM viNDavizuddhi saMbodhaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa paJcavastukaprakaraNam saMbodhapakaraNa Avazyakaniyukti vyavahArasUtrabhASyam saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/241 647 2/249 662 2/274 663 664 665 735 736 737 737 738 739 740 745 745 750 750 666 2/277 16/2 300 2/280 1418 53 12/52 12/53 12/54 12/55 751 755 758 757

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758 760 760 760 760 761 761 761 176 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 763 763 764 764 767 768 330 770 saMbodhaprakaraNa Avazyakaniyukti 666 uttarAdhyayana niyukti 482 paJcAzakaprakaraNam 12/2 bhagavatIsUtram 25/7/801 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 483 Avazyakaniyukti 667 paJcAzakaprakaraNa 12/3 Avazyakaniyukti 668 Avazyakaniyukti 682 paJcAzakaprakaraNa 12/10 Avazyakaniyukti 688 paJcAzakaprakaraNa 12/14 Avazyakaniyukti 697 paJcAzakaprakaraNam 230 bRhatkalpabhASyam 688 oghaniyukti 121 vyavahArasUtrabhASyam u.2 gA. 20 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 24/7 paJcavastukaprakaraNa 895 paJcavastukaprakaraNa 896 bRhatkalpabhASyam 4286 bRhatkalpabhASyam 4287 Avazyakaniyukti 1172 paJcAzakaprakaraNam 5/8 paJcavastukaprakaraNam 1328 vyavahArasUtrabhASyam u. 3 gA.15 paJcavastukaprakaraNam 1329 vyavahArasUtrabhASyam u. 3 gA.16 paJcavastukaprakaraNam 1330 bRhatkalpabhASyam 1506 bRhatkalpabhASyam 1507 oo 771 772 773 775 776 778 780 780 780 781 781 782 783 784

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pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 785 786 786 787 787 788 788 789 789 790 790 791 791 793 795 796 797 798 799 800 800 801 801 802 802 803 803 804 805 805 806 806 bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam oghaniyukti oghaniryuktibhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam oghaniyuktibhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam oghaniyukti bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam paMcakalpabhASya nizIthabhASyam paMcakalpabhASya nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam 177 1508 456 316 184 457 185 458 317 459 3506 200 3507 201 3561 3709 3710 3890 3891 3892 1144 3525 1145 3526 1149 3530 1148 3529 1158 1159 3539 1160 '3540 www.jainelibrary.org

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807 807 808 808 809 836 837 837 838 178 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 841 842 843 844 3541 1162 3543 11/38 4/30 857 4/32 858 14/2 14/3 14/4 14/5 14/6 14/7 14/8 14/9 754 nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa Avazyakaniyukti saMbodhaprakaraNa Avazyakaniyukti paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNama paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam paJcAzakaprakaraNam Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa oghaniyukti paJcAzakaprakaraNam. 845 845 847 848 759 5087 2832 850 850 851 851 852 852 853 bh lh m 5086 2831 5088 2533 5089 2834 12/67 12/70 12/71 660 15/41 855 858 859 861 862

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179 351 26 352 864 864 865 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 707 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 871 872 872 873 873 874 875 875 875 876 oghaniyukti piNDaniyukti oghaniyukti piNDaniyukti 27 piNDaniyukti 642 piNDaniyukti 650 piNDaniyukti 651 piNDaniyukti 652 piNDaniyukti 653 paJcavastukaprakaraNam bRhatkalpabhASyam 582 paJcavastukaprakaraNam 708 bRhatkalpabhASyam 583 paJcavastuprakaraNam 709 bRhatkalpabhASyam 584 paJcavastukaprakaraNam 706 paJcavastukaprakaraNam ArAhaNApaDAyA (prA.) ArAhaNApaDAyA (vIra) 155 paJcavastukaprakaraNam 1575 ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) 11 paryantArAdhanA ArAdhanApatAkA (prA0) ArAdhanApatAkA (vIra) 157 paryantArAdhanA bRhatkalpabhASyam 1494 bRhatkalpabhASyam 1495 paJcavastukaprakaraNam 926 sthAnAMgasUtram sthAna. 10 sU.277 gA. 175 titthogAlIpaiNNayaM 888 sthAnAMgasUtram sthAna. 10 sU.777 gA. 176 paJcavastukaprakaraNam 927 1574 876 876 877 zto 877 879 880 885 885 885 886 886

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886 891 891 891 892 892 893 894 895 895 925 9 27 927 928 928 180 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 934 titthogAlIpaiNNayaM 889 dazavaikAlikaniyukti 273 prajJApanAsUtram pad 11/sU. 862/gA.194 saMbodhaprakaraNa dazavaikAlikaniyukti 274 prajJApanAsUtram pad 11/sU. 863/gA.195 dazavaikAlikaniyukti 275 dazavaikAlikaniyukti 276 dazavaikAlikaniyukti 277 prajJApanAsUtram pad 11/sU. 866/gA.196 AcArAMganiyukti saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/60 paryantArAdhanA 18 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 110/gA.131 saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/61 saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/68 titthogAlIpaiNNayaM 1220 saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/84 saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/85 saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/88 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 28/16 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 110/gA.119 saMbodhaprakaraNa 4/89 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 28/18 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 110/gA.121 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 28/19. prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 110/gA.122 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 28/20 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 28/21 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 28/22 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 28/23 uttarAdhyayanasUtram 28/24 935 945 948 949 950 950 950 951 951 952 952 953 954 955 956 957 ...

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pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 958 959 960 963 964 965 966 967 968. 969 977 980 981 982 984 985 986 986 987 989 992 993 1001 1001 1002 1002 1003 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 uttarAdhyayanasUtram uttarAdhyayanasUtram uttarAdhyayanasUtram jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa jIvasamAsa bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa paJcAzakaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam nizIthabhASyam bRhatkalpabhASyam dazavaikAlikaniryukti dazavaikAlikaniryukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti 181 .28/25 28/26 18/27 40 41 42 43 44 351 352 7/1 6/88 6/89 6/90 6/96 10/17 10/18 6/98 10/19 6/104 6/103 6/110 4833 973 4834 974 4835 975 252 253 212 213

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182 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra . pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra uttarAdhyayananiyukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1014 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 1015 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 1018 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 1018 jIvasamAsa 1019 jIvasamAsa 1020 jIvasamAsa 1020 jyotiSkaraNDaka 1021 jIvasamAsa 1022 jIvasamAsa 1023 jIvasamAsa 1024 jIvasamAsa 1025 jIvasamAsa 1025 titthogAlIpaiNNayaM 1026 jIvasamAsa 1027 jIvasamAsa 1028 jIvasamAsa 1029 jIvasamAsa 1030 jIvasamAsa 1031 jIvasamAsa 1032 jIvasamAsa 1034 1034 1035 1035 1036 1037 jyotiSkaraNDaka* titthogAlIpaiNNayaM jyotiSkaraNDaka pra. titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM * DaoN. pANDe ke Alekha meM isakA gAthA kramAMka 95 hai 1 215 216 217 219 221 222 223 224 117 118 119 79 120 121 122 125 126 12 131 123 124 127 130 132 133 85 18 86 1170 21 22

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pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1057 1062 1063 1064 1064 1065 1065 1067 1068 1070 1072 1073 1075 1076 1079 1080 saMbodhaprakaraNa 2/45 259 dazavaikAlikaniyukti dazavaikAlikaniyukti 260 dazavaikAlikaniyukti 261 2/65 2 / 66 262 saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa dazavaikAlikAniryukti titthogAlIpaiNNayaM titthogAlIpaiNNayaM tityogAlIpaiNNayaM bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1091 1092 1093 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 1094 upadezapadam 1094 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 1095 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 1096 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 1097 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 1099 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 1102 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI Avazyaka niyukti bhagavatIsUtram 183 46 47 49 239 255 233 234 279 280 281 282 289 47 37/4 samavAyAMgasUtram sthAna 15 sUtra 1/gA. 11-12 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 284 285 286 17 333 334 312 313 307 311

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1103 1104 1110 340 ul 184 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra bRhatsaMgrahaNI 310 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 308 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 342 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 170 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 169 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 171 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 337 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 338 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 341 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 42 bRhatsaMgrahaNI devidatthao paiNNayaM prajJApanAsUtram pad 2/sU. 194/gA.151 jIvasamAsa devidatthao paiNNayaM jIvasamAsa devidatthao paiNNayaM bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 117 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 118 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 120 1117 1118 1119 1120 1124 1125 1128 1127 1129 1130 1130 1131 1133 1133 1134 1137 1138 1139 1140 1143 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 81 184 119

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1155 1156 1157 1158 148 150 1160 r r ou or a pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 185 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 143 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 144 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI devidatthao paiNNayaM 192 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 220 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 221 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 222 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 223 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 224 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 151 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 153 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 154 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 155 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 156 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 157 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 184 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 198 bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI bRhatsaMgrahaNI 202 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 214 bRhatsaMgrahaNI ArAdhanApatAkA (prA.) 686 ArAdhanApatAkA (prA.) 687 samavAyAMgasUtram pari. sU. 158/gA. 47 titthogAlIpaiNNayaM 570 samavAyAMgasUtram pari. sU. 158/gA. 48 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1177 1178 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1187 1207 1208 1209 1209 1210 180 199

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571 41 43 610 o r 186 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1210 1211 1212 1213 1213 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1220 1221 1222 1223 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1228 1229 1229 1230 titthogAlIpaiNNayaM AvazyakabhASyam AvazyakabhASyam AvazyakabhASyam titthogAlIpaiNNayaM bRhasaMgrahaNI bRhasaMgrahaNI bRhasaMgrahaNI sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram / titthogAlIpaiNNayaM sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram titthogAlIpaiNNayaM sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram * titthogAlIpaiNNaya sthAnAMgasUtram titthogAlIpaiNNayaM sthAnAMgasUtram sthAnAMgasUtram saMbodhaprakaraNa karmagrantha (prAcIna) saMbodhaprakaraNa 304 312 9/673/1 9/673/2 9/673/3 1133 9/673/4 9/673/5 9/673/6 1136 9/673/7 9/673/8 9/673/9 9/673/10 9/673/11 1141 9/673/12 1142 9/673/13 9/673/14 3/32 1/5 3/37 or 1231 1238 1241 1242 * sthAnAMga ke sandarbha meM prathama saMkhyA sthAna kI dUsarI sUtra kI evaM tIsarI gAthA kI sUcaka hai| jJAtavya hai ki muni jambUvijayajI dvArA sampAdita saMskaraNa meM gAthA kramAMka 1-17 na hokara 117-130 hai|

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1243 1244 1247 1251 1254 1262 187 3/38 3/39 2/42 1/7 3/11 1/71 1/72 618 1/73 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra prakcanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1263 1264 1264 1265 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1276 saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa karmagrantha (prAcIna) paJcasaMgraha karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) dharmasaMgrahaNI karmagrantha (prAcIna) dharmasaMgrahaNI karmagrantha (prAcIna) dharmasaMgrahaNI karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) paJcasaMgraha karmagrantha (prAcIna) paJcasaMgraha karmagrantha (prAcIna) karmagrantha (prAcIna) Avazyakaniyukti jIvasamAsa karmagrantha (prAcIna) jIvasamAsa karmagrantha (prAcIna) jIvasamAsa bRhatsaMgrahaNI 619 1/74 620 1/75 1/76 1/77 1/78 1/79 180 1/81 1/82 3/4 4/79 3/25 4/13 4/26 14 1298 or 300 1302 1303 1303 1305 311 1317 1317 1317 4/34 192 or 25 363

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188 o 1319 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 0 ON ON pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra jIvasamAsa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavatabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa zrAvakavratabhaGgaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa saMbodhaprakaraNa dharmaratna prakaraNam saMbodhaprakaraNam 0 2. 24 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1354 1355 1356 1356 25 3/199 3/200 5/6

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189 5/8 82 sUtra 219 73 98 74 x 103 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1357 1357 1358 1358 1387 1389 1390 1390 1391 1391 1394 1394 1395 1396 1439 1443 1448 1449 1454 1455 1456 1357 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 dharmaratnaprakaraNam saMbodhaprakaraNa dharmaratnaprakaraNam saMbodhaprakaraNa titthogAlIpaiNNayaM aGgalasaptati jambUdvIpaprajJapti jyotiSkaraNDaka jIvasamAsa jyotiSkaraNDaka aGgalasaptati jIvasamAsa aGgulasaptati vizeSaNavatI bRhatsaMgrahaNI. bhagavatIsUtram Avazyakaniyukti bhagavatIsUtram AvazyakabhASyam AvazyakabhASyam Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti 181 6/5/243 214 6/5/243 216 217 lh sh llh 1334 1335 1337 1338 1342 344 1347 1350 1351 1352

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190 pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra 1468 1469 1470 1471 1540 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 AvazyakabhASyam 219 AvazyakabhASyam 220 Avazyakaniyukti 1355 Avazyakaniyukti 1358 devidatyao paiNNayaM 289 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 102/gA.112 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 102/gA.113 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 102/gA.114 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 102/gA.115 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 102/gA.116 prajJApanAsUtram pad 1/sU. 102/gA.117

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Our Important Publications Studies in Jaina Philosophy Dr. Nathmal Tatia 100.00 Jaina Temples of Western India Dr. Harihar Singh 200.00 Jaina Epistemology Dr. I.C. Shastri 150.00 Concept of Matter in Indian Thought Dr. J.C. Sikdar 150.00 Jaina Theory of Reality Dr. J.C. Sikdar 150.00 Jaina Perspective in Philosophy & Religion Dr. Ramji Singh 100.00 Aspects of Jainology (Complete Set : Vols. I to 7) 2200.00 An Introduction to Jaina Sadhana Prof. Sagarmal Jain 40.00 Pearls of Jaina Wisdom Duluchand Jain 120.00 Scientific Contents in Prakrit Canons Dr. N.L. Jain 300.00 The Heritage of the Last Arhat:Mahavira Dr. C. Krause 20.00 The Path of Arhat -T.U. Mehta 100.00 Multi-Dimensional Application of Anekantavada Ed. Prof.S.M. Jain & Dr. S.P. Pandey 500.00 The Word of Non-Living Dr. N.L. Jain 400.00 jainadharma aura tAMtrika sAdhanA pro0 sAgaramala jaina 350.00 sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI (pA~ca bhAga) pro0 sAgaramala jaina 500.00 guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa pro0 sAgaramala jaina 60.00 ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA pro0 sAgaramala jaina 100.00 aSTakaprakaraNam DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha 200.00 dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti : eka adhyayana DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha 125.00 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana DaoN0 zivaprasAda 100.00 acalagaccha kA itihAsa DaoN0 zivaprasAda 250.00 tapAgaccha kA itihAsa DaoN0 zivaprasAda 500.00 siddhasena divAkara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya 100.00 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN0 sudhA jaina 300.00 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa sAta khaNDa) 630.00 hindI jaina sAhitya kA bIhada itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa cAra khaNDa) 760.00 jaina pratimA vijJAna DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI : 150.00 mahAvIra aura unake dazadharma pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 80.00 vajjAlaggaM (hindI anuvAda sahita) paM0 vizvanAtha pAThaka 80.00 prAkRta hindI koza sampA0-DaoN0 ke0Ara0 candra 400.00 bhAratIya javina mUlya pro0 surendra varmA 75.00 nalavilAsanATakam sampA0-pro0 surezacandra pANDe 60.00 samAdhimaraNa DaoN0 rajjanakumAra 260.00 hindI gadya ke vikAsa meM paM0 sadAsukhadAsajI kA yogadAna DaoN. munnI jaina - 300.00 paJcAzaka-prakaraNam anu0-DaoN dInAnAtha zarmA 250.00 jainadharma kI sAdhviyA~ evaM mahilAe~ hIrAbAI boradiyA 50.00 bauddha pramANamImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina 200.00 mahAvIra nirvANabhUmi pAvA : eka vimarza bhagavatIprasAda khetAna 65.00 bhArata kI jaina guphAe~ DaoN0 harihara siMha 150.00 Parswanatha Vidyapitha- Varanasi -221005 (INDIA)