Prakrit Vyakarana

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002701/1

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prAkRta-vyAkaraNa sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya DaoN0 kamalacanda sogANI (pUrva prophesara, darzanazAstra) sukhADiyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura mAyaradhArA-dA jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna org

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prAkRta-vyAkaraNa sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya DaoN0 kamalacanda sogANI (pUrva prophesara, darzanazAstra) sukhADiyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura Tulatk navidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna . digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna

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prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI, zrI mahAvIrajI 322 220 ( rAjasthAna) prApti sthAna 1. jainavidyA saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIrajI 2. sAhitya vikraya kendra, digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura-302004 prathama saMskaraNa agasta 2005 sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAdhIna mUlya : 40/ -- pRSTha saMyojana zyAma agravAla, e - 336, mAlavIya nagara, jayapura mudraka jayapura prinTarsa prA. li., ema.AI. roDa, jayapura - 302 001

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Arambhika va prakAzakIya 'prAkRta vyAkaraNa' pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM samarpita karate hue hameM harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| prAkRta bhASA bhAratIya Arya bhASA parivAra kI eka susamRddha loka bhASA rahI hai| yaha sarvavidita hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne janabhASA prAkRta meM upadeza dekara sAmAnyajanoM ke vikAsa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| bhASA, saMpreSaNa kA sabala mAdhyama hotI hai| usakA jIvana se ghaniSTha sambandha hotA hai| jIvana ke uccatama mUlyoM ko janabhASA meM prastuta karanA prajAtAntrika dRSTi hai| prAkRta bhASA ko sIkhane-samajhane ko dhyAna meM rakhakara 'prAkRta racanA saurabha' 'prAkRta abhyAsa saurabha' 'prauDha prAkRta racanA saurabha' 'prAkRta gadya-padya saurabha' Adi pustakoM kA prakAzana kiyA jA cukA hai| isI krama meM 'prAkRta vyAkaraNa' pustaka taiyAra kI gaI hai| digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI dvArA saMcAlita 'jainavidyA saMsthAna' ke antargata 'apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI' kI sthApanA san 1988 meM kI gii| vartamAna meM isake mAdhyama se prAkRta-apabhraMza kA adhyApana patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se karAyA jAtA hai| kisI bhI bhASA ko sIkhane-samajhane ke lie usakI vyAkaraNa va racanAprakriyA kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| prAkRta vyAkaraNa' isI krama kA eka prakAzana hai| isameM prAkRta ke saMdhi, samAsa, kAraka, taddhita, strI pratyaya aura avyayoM ko paribhASA va udAharaNa sahita samajhAyA gayA hai jisase pAThaka sahaja-sucAru rUpa se prAkRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ko sIkha sakeMge aura prAkRta meM racanA karane kA abhyAsa bhI kara skeNge| isakI zailI, praNAlI evaM prastutikaraNa atyanta sarala evaM Adhunika hai jo vidyArthiyoM ke lie upayogI siddha hogii| zikSaka ke abhAva meM svayaM par3hakara bhI vidyArthI isase lAbhAnvita ho sakate haiN|

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pustaka prakAzana meM pradatta sahayoga ke lie apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI ke vidvAnoM, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ke vidvAnoM evaM samparka kakSA zrI mahAvIrajI ke vidvAnoM ke hama AbhArI haiN| pRSTha saMyojana ke lie zrI zyAma agravAla evaM mudraNa ke lie jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. dhanyavAdArha haiN| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI saMyojaka narezakumAra seThI narendra pATanI adhyakSa ___maMtrI ___prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI jainavidyA saMsthAna samiti tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha mokSa kalyANaka divasa zrAvaNa zukla saptamI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2531 12.8.2005

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anukramaNikA viSaya pRSTha saMkhyA Arambhika evaM prakAzakIya sandhi 1-8 sandhi prayoga ke udAharaNa 9 - 13 samAsa 14 - 21 samAsa prayoga ke udAharaNa 22-24 kAraka 25-51 taddhita -61 strI-pratyaya 62-65 avyaya evaM vAkya prayoga 66 - 85

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samarpaNa DaoN0 nemicandrajI zAstrI evaM paM0 becaradAsa jIvarAjajI dozI

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sandhi do nikaTa vargoM ke paraspara mila jAne ko sandhi kahate haiN| jaba eka zabda ke Age dUsarA zabda AtA hai to pahale zabda ke aMtima varNa aura dUsare zabda ke prathama varNa ke mila jAne se jo parivartana hotA hai, vaha parivartana sandhi kahalAtA hai| jaise jIva + ajIva = jIvAjIva nara + Isara = naresara loga + uttamA = loguttamA nara + iMda = nriNd| prAkRta sAhitya meM pAI jAne vAlI vibhinna sandhiyA~ nimna prakAra haiM : 1) samAna svara sandhi : (hema - 1/5) (ka) a + a = A jaise - jIva + ajIva = jIvAjIva (jIva aura ajIva) a + A = A jaise - hima + Alaya = himAlaya (himAlaya parvata) A + a = A jaise - dayA + aNusaraNa = dayANusaraNa (dayA kA anusaraNa) A + A = A jaise - vijjA + Alaya = vijjAlaya (vidyA kA sthAna) (kha) i + i = I jaise - sAmi + ibha = sAmIbha (svAmI kA hAthI) i + I = I jaise - giri + Isa = girIsa (himAlaya parvata) I + i = I jaise - gAmaNI + isu = gAmaNIsu (gA~va ke mukhiyA kA bANa) I + I = I jaise - puhavI + Isa = puhavIsa (pRthvI kA svAmI) (ga) u + u = U jaise - guru + uvadesa = gurUvadesa (gurU kA upadeza) u + U = U jaise - sAhu + UAsa = sAhUAsa (sAdhu kA upavAsa) U + u = U jaise - camU + udaya = camUdaya (senA kI unnati) U + U = U jaise - sayaMbhU + UsAha = sayaMbhUsAha (svayaMbhU kA utsAha ) 2) asamAna svara sandhi : (e aura o rUpa vidhAna) [pizala, pArA 149 (pR.247)] (ka) a + i = e jaise - desa + ilA = deselA (deza kI bhUmi) ___ prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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A + i = e jaise - guhA + isi = guhesi (guphA kA RSi) a + I = e jaise - diNa + Isa = diNesa (sUrya) A + I = e jaise - sikkhA + IhA = sikkhehA (zikSA kA vicAra) (kha) a + u = o jaise -- savva + udaya = savvodaya (sarvodaya) A + u = o jaise - gaMgA + udaya = gaMgodaya (gaMgA kA jala) a + U = o jaise - paroppara + UhApoha = paropparohApoha (Apasa meM soca-vicAra) A + U = o jaise - dayA + UNa = dayoNa (dayA se hIna) 3) svara-sandhi niSedha : (hema - 1/6, 7, 9) (ka) i, I, u, U ke pazcAt koI vijAtIya svara Ave to sandhi nahIM hotI hai| jaisejAi + andha = jAiandha (janma se andhA) puDhavI + Au = puDhavIAu (pRthvI kI Ayu) bahu + aTThiya = bahuaTThiya (bahuta haDDiyoM vAlA) taNU + akaya = taNUakaya (zarIra se nahIM kiyA huA) (kha) e aura o ke bAda svara hone para sandhi nahIM hotI hai| jaise - (hema - 1/7) lacchIe + ANaMdo = lacchIeANaMdo (lakSmI kA Ananda) mahAvIre + Agacchai - mahAvIreAgacchai (mahAvIra Ate hai) aho + acchariyaM = ahoacchariyaM (prazaMsanIya Azcarya) (ga) kriyApada ke pratyaya ke svara kI anya kisI bhI dUsare svara ke sAtha sandhi nahIM hotI hai (hema - 1/9) jaise -- hoi + iha = hoi iha (yahA~ hotA hai) . (2) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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4) lopa-vidhAna sandhi : (hema - 1/10) (ka) svara ke bAda svara rahane para pUrva svara kA lopa vikalpa se ho jAtA hai| jaise nara + Isara = narIsara athavA naresara (nara kA svAmI) mahA + isi = mahisi athavA mahesi (bar3A indra) sAsaNa + udaya = sAsaNodaya athavA sAsaNudaya (zAsana kA lAbha) mahA + Usava = mahUsava athavA mahosava (mahA utsava) (kha) e, o se pahale a, A kA lopa ho jAtA hai| [pizala, pArA 153 (pR. 251)] jala + oha = jaloha (jala kA bhaMDAra) Nava + elA = NavelA (ilAyacI kA nayA per3a) vaNa + olI = vaNolI (vana kI zreNI) mAlA + ohaDa = mAlohaDa (mAlA pheMkI huI) (ga) (i) pUrva pada ke pazcAt a kA lopa dikhAne ke lie eka avagraha cinha (5) likhA jAtA hai, jaise - kA+ avatthA = kA'vatthA (kyA avasthA) (prA. gadya-padya saurabha, pATha 7, gA. 61) (ii) pUrvapada ke pazcAt A kA lopa dikhAne ke lie do avagraha cinha bhI (55) bhI likhe jAte haiM, jaise - nA + AlaseNa = nA''laseNa (Alasya ke binA) 5) padoM kI dvirukti meM sandhi-vidhAna : (hema - 3/1) jahA~ padoM kI dvirukti huI ho, vahA~ do padoM ke bIca meM 'm' vikalpa se A jAtA hai| jaise - (ka) ekka + ekkaM = ekka + m + ekkaM = ekkamekkaM athavA ekkekkaM (hareka) . (kha) ekka + ekkeNa = ekka + m + ekkeNa-ekkamekkeNa athavA ekkakkeNa (hara eka se) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (3)

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6) anusvAra vidhAna : (hema - 1/23, 24, 25) (i) pada ke aMtima 'm' kA anusvAra ho jAtA hai| jaise - jalam - jalaM, phalam > phalaM yadi pada ke antima 'm' ke pazcAta svara Ave to usakA vikalpa se anusvAra hotA hai| jaise - usabham + ajiaM = usabhaM ajiaM athavA usabhamajiaM (RSabha ajita) dhaNam + eva = dhaNaM eva athavA dhaNameva (dhana hI) (iii) G J, N tathA n ke bAda vyaMjana Ane para ina vyaMjanoM kA anusvAra ho jAtA hai| jaise - saGkha > saMkha (pu.) = zaMkha, kaJcua > kaMcua (pu.) = sA~pa kI keMculI ukkaNThA > ukkaMThA (strI.) - prabala icchA, antara > aMtara (napu.) = bhItara kA (iv) anusvAra ke pazcAt kavarga, cavarga, Tavarga, tavarga aura pavarga ke akSara hone se krama se anusvAra ko G J, Na, n aura m vikalpa se hote haiM / (hema-1/30) kavarga paM + ka = paGka, paMka (pu.)(kIcar3a) kha - saMkha saM + kha = saGgha, saMkha (pu.)(zaMkha) . ga - aM + gaNa = aGgaNa, aMgaNa (napu.)(AMgaNa/cauka) laM + ghaNa = lavaNa, laMghaNa (napu.) (upavAsa) + + + kaM + cua = kaJcua, kaMcua (pu.) (sA~pa kI keMculI) laM + chaNa = laJchaNa, laMchaNa (napu.) (cihna) aM + jia = aJjia, aMjia (napu.) (aMjanayukta) saM + jhA = saJjhA, saMjhA (strI.)(sAyaMkAla) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (4)

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Tha - / Tavarga Ta - kaM + Taa = kaNTaa, kaMTaa (pu.) (kA~TA) u + kaMThA = ukkaNThA, ukkaMThA (strI.) (prabala icchA) Da - kaM + Da = kaNDa, kaMDa (napu.) (bANa) saM + Da = saNDa, saMDa (pu.) (baila) tavarga ta - aM + tara = antara, aMtara (napu.) (bhItara kA) tha - paM + tha = pantha, paMtha (pu.) (mArga) da - caM + da = canda, caMda (pu.) (candramA) dha - baM + dhava = bandhava, baMdhava (pu.) (bandhu) pavarga kaM + pa = kampa, kaMpa (pu.) (calana) vaM + phai = vamphai, vaMphai (cAhatA hai) (vartamAna kAla) ba - kalaM + ba = kalamba, kalaMba (pu.) (kadamba vRkSa) AraM + bha = Arambha, AraMbha (pu.) (zuruAta) 6.1 anusvAra Agama : (hema - 1/26) (i) prathama svara para anusvAra kA Agama : asu - aMsu (A~sU) dasaNa - daMsaNa (dA~ta se kATanA) (ii) dvitIya svara para anusvAra kA Agama : iha - ihaM (yahA~) maNasI >> maNaMsI (prasanna manavAlA) maNasiNI ) maNaMsiNI (prasanna manavAlI) / pha / / prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (5)

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1 muhu ajja (iii) tRtIya svara para anusvAra kA Agama : uvari > uvariM (Upara) (6) aimuttaya > 6.2 anusvAra lopa : (hema - 1 / 29 ) 7) avyaya - > > (i) prathama svara para anusvAra kA lopa : siMha sIha (siMha) kiM ki (kyA) (ii) dvitIya svara para anusvAra kA lopa : kahaM kaha (kaise) IsiM Isi (thor3A) evaM dANiM 1 > muhuM (bArabAra) ajjaM (Aja) > eva ( isaprakAra ) dANi (isa samaya) (iii) tRtIya svara para anusvAra kA lopa : iyANiM > iyANi (isa samaya ) - sandhi' : (aimuMttaya ) (eka prakAra kI latA ) > avyaya padoM meM sandhikArya karane ko avyaya sandhi kahA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha sandhi bhI svara sandhi ke antargata hI hai, to bhI vistAra se vicAra karane ke lie isa sandhi kA pRthak ullekha kiyA gayA hai|' abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa dvArA DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI pRSTha 19 - 20 prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya - avyaya

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(i) kisI bhI pada ke bAda Aye hue api/avi avyaya ke 'a' kA vikalpa se lopa hotA hai (hema - 1/41) jaise - keNa + api/avi keNapi/keNavi athavA keNApi/keNAvi kiM +api/avi kiMpi/kiMvi athavA kimapi/kimavi (ii) kisI bhI pada ke bAda meM rahane vAle iti avyaya ke 'i' kA lopa ho jAtA hai| (hema - 1/42) jaise - kiM + iti = kiMti juttaM + iti = juttaMti (iii) yadi svarAnta pada ke bAda 'iti' avyaya A jAe to uparyukta niyama se i ko lopa kara dene para ti kA dvitva tti ho jAtA hai| (hema - 1/42) jaise - tahA + iti = tahAtti > tahatti (aura isa prakAra) (saMyukta akSara Age Ane ke kAraNa hA > ha ho jAtA hai) puriso + iti = purisotti > purisutti (puruSa isa prakAra) (saMyukta akSara Age Ane ke kAraNa so > su ho jAtA hai) (iv) sarvanAmoM se pare avyayoM ke Adi svara kA vikalpa se lopa ho jAtA hai, (hema - 1/40) jaise - ammi + ettha = ammittha athavA ammi ettha (maiM yahA~) tujjha + ittha = tujjhattha athavA tujjha ittha (tuma saba yahA~) (v) avyayoM se pare sarvanAmoM ke Adi svara kA vikalpa se lopa ho jAtA hai| (hema - 1/40) jaise - jai + ahaM = jaihaM athavA jai ahaM (yadi maiM) jai + imA = jaimA athavA jai imA (yadi yaha) prAkatavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (7)

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8.1 nimnalikhita vidhA ke zabdoM ke saMdhi vidhAna ko jAnanA upayogI hai| dIrgha svara ke Age yadi saMyukta akSara ho to usa dIrgha svara kA hrasva svara ho jAtA hai| (hema - 1/84) nimnalikhita kucha udAharaNa diye jA rahe hai --- (i) viraha + aggi = virahAggi > virahaggi (A > a) = viraha kI agni muNi + iMda = muNIMda > muNiMda (I > i) = muniyoM meM zreSTha camU + ucchAha = camUcchAha > camucchAha (U > u) = senA kA utsAha (ii) desa + iDDhi = deseDDhi > desiDDi (e > i) = deza kA vaibhava puppha + ujjANa = pupphojANa > pupphujjANa (o > u) = phUloM kA bagIcA / 8.2 Adi svara 'i' ke Age yadi saMyukta akSara A jAe to usa Adi 'i' kA 'e' vikalpa se hotA hai| jaise - sindUra athavA senduur| kahIM kahIM para 'i' ke Age saMyukta akSara hone para 'i' kA 'e' nahIM hotaa| jaise - cintA (yahA~ 'i' kA 'e' nahIM huA), icchA (yahA~ 'i' kA 'e' nahIM huaa)| inako sAhitya evaM koza ke AdhAra se jAnanA caahie| (hema - 1/85) na + icchasi = Necchasi > Nicchasi (e > i)| kintu prayogoM meM 'necchasi' milatA hai| yaha aniyamita prayoga hai| 9) prAkRta meM sandhi vaikalpika hai anivArya nhiiN| akSara parivartana tathA lopa ke niyama kA upayoga karate samaya artha bhrama na ho, isakA dhyAna rakhanA jarUrI hai| jaise - pupphayaMta + Airiya = pupphayaMtAiriya athavA pupphayaMta Airiya (prAkRta gadya-padya saurabha, pATha-14, pairA 5 ) (8) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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sandhi-prayoga ke udAharaNa (prAkRta gadya-padya saurabha ) nimnalikhita kA sandhi viccheda kIjie aura sandhi kA niyama batalAiye / pATha 1 = : maMgalAcaraNa gA. saM. egaMtasuhAvahA loguttamA diTThasayalatthasArA bhaviyANujjoyayarA paMcakkharanippaNNo pATha 2 = samaNasuttaM mohAurA tassudayammi dukkhohaparaMpareNa maMgalamukkiTTha sAhI jANamajANaM khappamappANaM attovammeNa dhammamahiMsA nA''lasseNa jasseyaM AhArAsaNaNiddAjayaM jAviMdiyA = = = = = = 2 = = 1F 5 1= 11 = = = 3-5 ==== 8 10 = 12 3 7 7 15 15 19 22 24 26 32 jayamA saraNamuttamaM pATha 3 magahAhivo naMdaNovamaM suhoiyaM nAidUramaNAsanne nAbhisamema'haM vimhayantrito saMpayaggammi iMdAsaNisamA novabhuMjaI evamAhaMsu pATha 4 = necchasi parAvayAraM parovayAraM = uttarAdhyayana 33 niccamAvahasi prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita- strIpratyaya - avyaya = = - = = || = = = H || = = 35 = 36 37 = 1 2 3 6 00 8 30 vajjAlagga meM jIvana mUlya 127 14 20 28 = 12 12 = 12 12 (9)

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saraNAgae ___ = 14 = 22 bahiraMdhaliyA ekkamekkehi kamalAyarANa teva __ = 34 pATha 6 = kArtikeyAnuprekSA giha-gohaNAi bhuMjijjau sayalaTTha-visayajoo savvAyareNa eyattAviTTho kahijjamANaM gavvamuvvahai = 15 narAhivA - 21 juttAjutaM = 23 thirAraMbhA = 25 gharaMgaNaM pATha 7 = dasaraha pavvajjA taNamasAraM = 53 pATha 5 = aSTapAhuDa cArittasamArUDho arasamarUvamagaMdhaM ceyaNAguNamasadaM maraNaggiNA jeNAhaM = 15 = 56 = 15 dikkhAbhimuhaM = 58 jANamaliMgaggahaNaM = 15 pAlaNaTThAe = 60 = 15 kimetthaM = 61 = 16 kA'vatthA = 61 jIvamaNiddiTThasaMThANaM sAyAraNayArabhUdANaM jhANajjhayaNo paranbhiMtarabAhiro aMtovAyeNa %= 17 ekko'ttha = 62 = 22 = 22 bhavAraNNe mohandho dikkhAhilAsiNo viNaovagayA bahiratthe = 25 = 64 kammiMdhaNANa = 27 = 65 (10) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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vayaNameyaM calaNaGgulIe ahamavi puttA''lambo necchai saraNamahaM vA''sanne purohiyA'macca - bandhavA vavasieNa'jjaM dharaNiyalosittaaMsuni vahAo ekkamekkaM jaNavayAiNNA viJjhADavI divasavasANe maNabhirAmaM kallolucchaliyasaMghAyA sIha - 'ccha bhallacittayaghaNapAyavagirivarAule asaraNANa'mhaM = = 11 11 = = = = = = = = = = 67 = 70 75 = 97 98 99 = 115 100 102 109 113 115 pATha 8 = rAmaniggamaNa-bharaharajjavihANaM jiNAyayaNe 115 119 120 1 11 15 bhUyAvagUhiyaM paratIrAvadviyaM vayaNamiNaM nikkaNTayamaNukUlaM siraJjaliM tujha'nnaM tattheva 15 bhayakAraNamadaTThUNa nariMdamuhadaMsaNecchA nariMdasamIvamANIo sAsU prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya - avyaya sasurAI dhammovaeso jIvANamAhAru 3 = || = = = dakkhiNadesAbhimuhA pATha 9 = amaMgaliyapurisassa kahA = = = 16 = 17 = 37 = 38 pairA saMkhyA 46 47 53 kimettha vahAesaM pATha 10 = viusIe puttabahUe kahANagaM pairA saMkhyA 55 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 (11)

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kAlaMtare sAlaMkArA samaNaguNagaNAlaMkio kannApANiggahaNatthamannonnaM - 5 asaccamuttaraM keNAvi =5 sAvamANaM kurucaMdAbhihANeNa ____ = 6 sasurAINa pATha 12 = kimevaM sasuragehavAsINaM caujAmAyarANaM kahA dhammAbhimuho pairA saMkhyA nannA pariNAviAo samayadhammovaesaparAe samAgayA saMsArAsAradasaNeNa guDamIsiamannaM savvaNNudhammArAhago puNAvi pATha 11 = kassesA bhajjA kassesA uyaraggidIvaNeNa = zIrSaka pairA saMkhyA AttharaNAbhAve gaMgAbhihANA = 1 turaMgamapiTThacchAiAvara NavatthaM sIlAiguNAlaMkiyA gihAvAse tattheva egamannapiMDaM pATha 13 = kumme katthavi niruvviggAI = 2 aNegadevayApUyAdANamaMtajavAI AmisahArA ahamavi ciratthamiyaMsi jIvAvemi tasseva ___ = 4 (12) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya pairA saMkhyA

Page #22
dharaseNAiriyaM - 3 pAdamUlamuvagayA jahAchaMdAINaM saMsAra-bhaya-vaddhaNamidi parikkhA-kAumADhattA AhAratthI egaMtamavakkamaMti samaNAuso aguttiMdie disAvaloyaM pATha 14 = ciTThI pairA saMkhyA teNiMdabhUdiNA bArahaMgANaM gaMthANamekkeNa jAdetti duvihamavi parivADimassidUNa - savvesimaMgapuvvANameggadeso dakkhiNAvahAiriyANaM dharaseNAiriyavayaNamavadhAriya dhavalAmala-bahu-vihaviNaya-vihUsiyaMgA = tikkhuttAbucchiyAiriyA - kuMdeMdu-saMkhavaNNA hiyaya-Nivvuikaretti ahiyakkharA vihINakharA chaTThovavAseNa hINAhiyakkharANaM chuhaNAvaNayaNa-vihANaM tattheyassa attha-viyattha-TThiya-daMtapaMtimosAriya = 2 guru-vayaNamalaMghaNijaM ciMtiUNAgadehi - 5 puSphayaMtAiriyo pupphayaMtaAirieNa pamANANugamamAdiM 5 bhUdabali-pupphayaMtAiriyA = 5 prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (13)

Page #23
samAsa "samAsa kA artha hai saMkSepa yAne thor3e zabdoM meM adhika artha batAne vAlI zailI kA nAma samAsa hai| bolacAla kI lokabhASA meM isa zailI kA pracAra bahuta kama dikhAI detA hai| parantu jaba lokabhASA kevala sAhitya kI bhASA bana jAtI hai taba usameM isakA prayoga pracura mAtrA meM hotA hai|'' " 'nyAya kA adhIza' kahanA ho to samAsa vihIna zailI meM 'nAyassa adhIso' kahA jaaegaa| jaba ki samAsazailI meM 'nAyAdhIso' kahA jAegA arthAt jisa artha ko batAne ke lie samAsa vihIna zailI meM chaH akSaroM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai usI artha ko batAne ke lie samAsazailI meM kevala cAra akSaroM se hI kAma cala jAtA hai|'' "isI prakAra 'jisa deza meM bahuta se vIra haiM vaha deza' kahanA ho to samAsa vihIna zailI meM 'jammi dese bahavo vIrA santi so deso' itanA lambA vAkya kahanA par3atA hai jaba ki usI artha ko batAne ke lie samAsa zailI meM bahuvIro deso' itane kama akSaroM se hI kAma cala jAtA hai arthAt jisa artha ko batAne ke lie samAsa vihIna zailI meM caudaha akSaroM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, usI artha ko saMpUrNa rUpa se batAne vAlI samAsa zailI meM kevala cha: akSaroM se hI sundara rUpeNa kAma cala jAtA hai| samAsa zailI kI yahI saba se bar3I vizeSatA hai|'' samAsa ke cAra bheda nimnalikhita haiM : 1. daMda (dvandva) 2. tappurisa (tatpuruSa) 2.1 kammadhAraya / , ye tatpuruSa samAsa ke bheda haiN| 2.2 digu samAsa 3. bahuvvIhi (bahuvrIhi), 4. avvaIbhAva (avyyiibhaav)| 1, 2, 3 - prAkRtamArgopadezikA dvArA paM. becaradAsajI, pRSTha 100 (14) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #24
jina zabdoM kA samAsa kiyA jAtA hai unheM alaga-alaga kara dene ko vigraha kahate haiM / 1. daMda samAsa ( dvandva samAsa ) do yA do se adhika saMjJAe~ eka sAtha rakhI gaI hoM to vaha dvandva samAsa kahalAtA hai / jaise- 'mAtA-pitA', 'sagA sambandhI' / ye donoM udAharaNa dvandva samAsa ke haiN| usI prakAra 'puNNapAvAI', 'jIvAjIvA', 'suhadukkhAI', 'surAsurA' Adi udAharaNa bhI dvandva samAsa ke hai| do yA do se adhika saMjJAoM ko ca (ya) zabda dvArA jor3A gayA ho, to vaha bhI dvandva samAsa kahalAtA hai, jaise puNNaM ca pAvaM ca puNNapAvAI / jIvA ya ajIvA ya jIvAjIvA / suhaM ca dukkhaM ca suhdukkhaaii| rUvaM ya sohaggaM ya jovvaNaM ya rUvasohaggajovvaNANi / dvandva samAsa dvArA bane zabda adhikatara bahuvacana meM rakhe jAte haiM / dvandva samAsa ke vigraha meM ya, a athavA ca prayukta hotA hai / 2. tappurisa samAsa ( tatpuruSa samAsa ) jisa samAsa kA pUrva pada apanI vibhakti ke sambandha se uttarapada ke sAtha milA huA ho vaha tatpuruSa samAsa kahalAtA hai| isa samAsa kA pUrva pada dvitIyA vibhakti se lekara saptamI vibhakti taka hotA hai| pUrva pada jisa vibhakti kA ho, usI nAma se tatpuruSa samAsa kahA jAyegA / biiA vibhatti tappurisa ( dvitIyA tatpuruSa), taiyA vibhatti tappurisa (tRtIyA tatpuruSa), utthI vibhatti tappurisa (caturthI tatpuruSa), paMcamI vibhatti tappurisa (paMcamI tatpuruSa), chaTThI vibhatti tappurisa (SaSThI tappuruSa) aura sattamI vibhatti tappurisa ( saptamI tatpuruSa ) / atIta, paDia, (i) biiA / bIo vibhatti tappurisa (dvitIyA tatpuruSa ) gaa, patta aura AvaNNa zabdoM ke yoga meM dvitIyA vibhakti ke Ane para dvitIyA - tatpuruSa samAsa hotA hai / jaise prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya - avyaya (15)

Page #25
iMdiyaM atIto ___ = iMdiyAtIto (iMdriyoM se atIta) aggiM paDio ___ = aggipaDio (agni meM paDA huA) sivaM gao sivagao (ziva ko prApta) suhaM patto suhapatto (sukha ko prApta) palayaM gao = palayagao (pralaya ko prApta) divaM gao = divagao (svarga ko prApta) kaTuM AvaNNo = kaTThAvaNNo (kaSTa ko prApta) / taiA vibhatti tappurisa (tRtIyA tatpuruSa) - jaba tatpuruSa samAsa kA prathama zabda tRtIyA vibhakti meM ho, taba use tRtIyA tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaise - sAhUhiM vandio = sAhuvaMdio (sAdhuoM dvArA vaMdita) jiNeNa sariso ___ = jiNasariso (jina ke samAna) dayAe jutto ____ = dayAjutto (dayA se yukta) guNehiM saMpano = guNasaMpanno (guNoM se sampanna) paMkena litto = paMkalitto (kIcar3a se lipta) (iii) cautthI vibhatti tappurisa (caturthI tatpuruSa) - jaba tatpapuruSa samAsa kA prathama zabda caturthI vibhakti meM ho, taba use caturthI tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaise - mokkhAya nANaM __= mokkhanANaM (mokSa ke lie jJAna) loyAya hio = loyahio (loka ke lie hita) logassa suho = logasuho (loga ke lie sukha) bahujaNassa hio - bahujaNahio (bahujanoM ke lie hita) (iv) paMcamI vibhatti tappurisa (paJcamI tatpuruSa) - jaba tatpuruSa samAsa kA - pahalA zabda paJcamI vibhakti meM rahatA hai, taba use paJcamI tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaise (16) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #26
saMsArAo bhIo - saMsArabhIo (saMsAra se bhayabhIta) daMsaNAo bhaTTho - daMsaNabhaTTho (darzana se bhraSTa) annANAo bhayaM __= annANabhaya (ajJAna se bhaya) riNAo mutto riNamutto (RNa se mukta) corAo bhayaM = corabhayaM (cora se bhaya) (v) chaTThI vibhatti tappurisa (SaSThI tatpuruSa) - jaba tatpuruSa samAsa kA prathama zabda SaSThI vibhakti meM rahatA hai, taba use SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaisedevassa maMdiraM devamaMdiraM (deva kA maMdira) vijAe ThANaM = vijjAThANaM (vidyA kA sthAna) dhammassa putto = dhammaputto (dharma kA putra) devassa thuI devathuI (deva kI stuti) bahUe muhaM = bahUmuhaM (vadhU kA mukha) samAhiNo ThANaM = samAhiThANaM (samAdhi kA sthAna) (vi) sattamI vibhatti tappurisa (saptamI tatpuruSa) - jaba tatpuruSa samAsa kA prathama zabda saptamI vibhakti meM rahatA hai, taba use saptamI tatpuruSa samAsa kahate haiN| jaisekalAsu kusalo = kalAkusalo (kalAoM meM kuzala) gihe jAo gihajAo (ghara meM utpanna) naresu seTTho = naraseTTho (naroM meM zreSTha) kamme kusalo ____ = kammakusalo (karma meM kuzala) sabhAe paMDio - sabhApaMDio (sabhA meM paNDita) 2.1 kammadhAraya samAsa (karmadhAraya samAsa) - vizeSaNa aura vizeSya kA samAsa bhI tatpuruSa ke bhItara samajhA gayA hai, usakA dUsarA nAma hai - karmadhAraya samAsa / jaise prAkatavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-svIpratyaya-avyaya (17)

Page #27
ratto so ghaDo rattaghaDo (lAla ghar3A) vIro so jiNo = vIrajiNo (vIra jina) suddho so pakkho = suddhapakkho (zuddha pakSa) pIaM taM vatthaM = pIavatthaM (pIlA vastra) suMdarA sA paDimA = suMdarapaDimA (sundara pratimA) kabhI samAsa meM donoM zabda vizeSaNa bhI hote hai| jaise - rattapIaM vatthaM (lAla-pIlA vastra) sIuNhaM jalaM (zIta aura USNa jala) kaI bAra pUrva pada upamA sUcaka hotA hai| jaise - caMdo iva muhaM = candamuhaM (candramA ke samAna mukha) vajjo iva deho = vajadeho (vajra ke samAna zarIra) kaI bAra pUrva pada kevala nizcayabodhaka hotA hai| jaise - saMjamo eva dhaNaM = saMjamadhaNaM (saMyama hI dhana hai) vijA cia dhaNaM = vijAdhaNaM (vidyA hI dhana hai) 2.2 digu samAsa (dvigu samAsa) - karmadhAraya samAsa kA prathama zabda yadi saMkhyA sUcaka ho aura dUsarA zabda saMjJA ho taba use dvigu samAsa kahate hai| (i) samUha artha meM dvigu samAsa sadA napuMsakaliMga ekavacana meM hotA hai| jaise - navaNhaM tattANaM samUho = navatattaM (nava tattva) cauNhaM kasAyANaM samUho = caukkasAyaM (cAra kaSAya) tiNhaM logANaM samUho = tilogaM (tIna loka) (ii) kabhI-kabhI samUha artha meM dvigu samAsa pulliMga ekavacana bhI ho jAtA hai| jaise - tiNhaM viyappANaM samUho = tiviyappo (tIna vikalpa) (iii) aneka artha meM jo dvigu samAsa hotA hai, usameM vacana aura liMga kA uparyukta prakAra se niyama nahIM hotA hai| (18) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #28
jaise - tiNNi loyA tiloyA, = 3. bahuvvIhi samAsa ( bahubrIhi samAsa ) jaba samAsa meM Aye hue do yA adhika zabda kisI anya zabda ke vizeSaNa bana jAte haiM to use bahubrIhi samAsa kahA jAtA hai| isa samAsa meM prayukta zabda pradhAna nahIM hote haiM, parantu unase pRthak anya koI zabda hI pradhAna hotA hai, isalie isa samAsa ko 'anya padArtha pradhAna samAsa" bhI kahate haiM / isa samAsa ke do bheda hai : (i) samAna vibhakti vAle zabda (prathamAnta zabda) - ise samAnAdhikaraNa bahuvrIhi samAsa bhI kahate hai / (ii) bhinna vibhakti vAle zabda ( eka zabda prathamAnta aura dUsarA SaSThI yA saptamI meM ho) / ise vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi samAsa bhI kahate hai I isa samAsa kA vigraha karate samaya 'ja', 'jA' kI vibhinna vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai ( dvitIyA se saptamI taka ) kintu samAsa meM Aye hue zabda prathamAnta hI hote hai / cauro disAo = caudisA (i) samAna vibhaktivAle zabdoM (prathamAnta zabdoM) ke udAharaNa ka. AruDho vANaro jaM (2/1) so AruDhavANaro (rukkho) (jisa para bandara car3hA huA hai vaha ) kha. jiANi iMdiyANi jeNa (3/1 ) so (jisake dvArA indriyA~ jIta lI gaI hai, vaha) 1 = = jiaiMdiyo jiiMdiyo ( muNI ) / ga. jio kAmo jeNa (3/1) so= jiakAmo ( mahAdevo) (jisake dvArA kAma jIta liyA gayA hai, vaha) gha. cattAri muhANi jassa (6/1 ) so = caummuho (baMbho ) (jisake cAra mukha hai, vaha ) ca. ego daMto jassa (6/1) so = egadaMto (gaNeso) (jisake eka dA~ta hai, vaha) prAkRtamArgopadezikA dvArA paM. becaradAsajI, pRSTha 106 > prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya-avyaya (19)

Page #29
cha. sutto sIho jAe (7/1 ) sA= suttasIho (guhA) (jisameM siMha soyA huA hai, vaha ) (ii) bhinna vibhakti vAle zabdoM (eka zabda prathamAnta aura dUsarA SaSThI yA saptamI meM ho) ke udAharaNa vaha ) ka. cakkaM pANimmi jassa so cakkapANI (viSNu) (jisake hAtha meM cakra hai, kha. cakkaM hatthe jassa so = cakkahattho (bharaho ) (jisake hAtha meM cakra hai, vaha ) gaMDIvaM kare jassa so = gaMDIvakaro (ajjuNo ) (jisake hAtha meM gAMDIva (dhanuSa) hai, vaha ) ga. avvaIbhAva samAsa (avyayIbhAva samAsa ) avvayIbhAva samAsa meM pahalA pada bahudhA koI avyaya hotA hai aura dUsarA pada saMjJA hotA hai / pahalA pada hI mukhya hotA hai / avvayIbhAva samAsa kA pUrA pada kriyAvizeSaNa avyaya hotA hai / samAsa meM Ae hue antima zabda ke rUpa sadaiva napuMsakaliGga prathamA vibhakti, eka vacana meM calAe jAte hai / vaisA hI rUpa avyayIbhAva samAsa kA ho jAtA hai / avyayIbhAva samAsa ke rUpa nahIM calate hai / udAharaNa 4. (i) uvaguruM (ii) aNubhoyaNaM (iii) painayaraM (iv) paidiNaM (v) paigharaM (vi) jahAsattiM (vii) jahAvihiM ( 20 ) = = = = = gurusamI (guru ke samIpa) bhoyaNassa pacchA (bhojana ke pazcAt ) nayaraM nayaraM ti ( pratinagara) diNaM diNaM ti ( pratidina) ghare ghare tti (pratighara ) sattiM aNaikkamiUNa (zakti kI avahelanA na karake) = ( zakti ke anusAra) vihiM aNaikkamiUNa (vidhi kI avahelanA na karake) = ( vidhi ke anusAra) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #30
samAsa meM adhikatara prathama zabda kA aMtima svara hrasva ho to dIrgha ho jAtA hai aura dIrgha ho to hrasva ho jAtA hai| isakA koI nizcita niyama nahIM hai / hrasva svara kA dIrgha : (hema - 1/4 ) anta + veI satta + vIsa = pai + haraM veNu + vaNaM dIrgha svara kA hrasva : (hema - 1/4 ) jau~NA + yaDaM= jau~NayaDaM (yamunAtaTa) athavA jau~NAyaDaM naI + sottaM naisottaM (nadi kA srota) athavA naIsottaM = antAveI (gaMgA-yamunA ke bIca kA bhUbhAga) athavA antaveI sattAvIsa (sattAIsa) athavA sattavIsa paIharaM (pati kA ghara) athavA paiharaM veNUvaNaM (bA~sakA jaMgala) athavA veNuvaNaM bahU + muhaM dvitva bhAva kI prApti : (hema - 2 / 97 ) samAsa meM uttarapada ke prathama varNa kA vikalpa se dvitva ho jAtA hai| devatthuI athavA deva - thuI (devatA kI stuti ) kusumappayaro athavA kusuma - payaro ( phUloM kA samUha ) baddhapphalo athavA baddha- phalo (karaMga kA per3a) ANAlakkhaMbho athavA ANAla-khaMbho (hAthI bA~dhane kA khaMbhA ) bahumuhaM (vadhU kA mukha) athavA bahUmuhaM prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita- strIpratyaya - avyaya (21)

Page #31
samAsa prayoga ke udAharaNa [prAkRta gadya-padya saurabha] kammavasA = 4 = 5 pATha 1 = maMgalAcaraNa paMcaNamokAro kevalipaNNatto loguttamA pokhariNIpalAsaM muttisuhaM jIvadayA - 17 == 20 ArAhaNaNAyage saraNamuttamaM = 37 pATha 3 = uttarAdhyayana aNuvamasokkhA NiTThiyakajjA paNaTThasaMsArA diTThasayalatthasArA paMcamahavvayatuMgA vavagayarAyA paMcakkharanippaNNo bhattijutto suhoiyaM magahAhivo pabhUyadhaNasaMcao acchiveyaNA satthakusalA pATha 4 = vajjAlagga meM jIvana mUlya gAthA suyaNasahAvo pAhANarehA = 13 saraNAgae diNayaravAsarANa thirAraMbhA pavayaNasAraM __ = 14 gAthA - 14 pATha 2 = samaNasuttaM iMdiavisaesu mohAurA = 1 24 = 2 = 46 (22) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #32
gharaMgaNaM = 50 = 76 bhogakAraNaM sirapaNAma = 101 calaNavandaNaM = 104 kaluNapalAvaM = 114 = 11 jaNavayAiNNA = 115 = 17 jaNayadhUyA = 116 pATha 8 = rAmaniggamaNa-bharaharajavihANaM = 21 jalasamiddhA = 11 pATha 5 = aSTapAhuDa viNayasaMjutto dayAvisuddho 8 paDhamaliMgaM jhANajjhayaNo jhANapaIvo = 19 karuNabhAvasaMjuttA carittakhaggeNa virattacitto pATha 6 = kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA jala-bhario dukkha-sAyare = 18 sukkha-dukkhANi pATha 7 = dasaraha pavvajA bhavAraNNe = 21 = 30 ANAguNavisAlaM = 46 namiyasarIro pATha 1 = amaMgaliya purisassa kahA = 46 __= 5 pairA paracakkabhaeNa gAthA muhapekkhaNeNa vayaNajuttIe muhadaMsaNaM pATha 10 = viusIe puttabahUe kahANagaM %3 62 = 63 = 64 savvakalAkusalA dikkhAhilAsiNo duddharacariyA mahAsaMgAme ___ = 68 = 73 aTThavAsA piuperaNAe savvaNNadhammasavaNeNa = 1 cintAsamudde = 74 prAkatavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (23)

Page #33
= 2 pATha 12 = sasuragehavAsINaM caujAmAyarANaM kahA -- 2 sasuragehe dhammovaeso hiyayagayabhAvaM vIsavAsesu bArasavAsA asaccamuttaraM = 7 maraNasamayassa ghayajutto tilatellajuttaM vivihakIlAo bhoyaNarasaluddhA pATha 13 = kumme pAvasiyAlagA AyariyauvajjhAyANaM pATha 14 = ciTThI bArahaMgANaM pairA dhammahINamaNusassa mANavabhavo = 11 dhammapattIe paMcavAsA pATha 11 = kassesA bhajjA vijjA-dANaM = 4 jaNaya-jaNaNIbhAyA-mAulehiM siddhavijA viMsadi-suttANi ___3 amayarasakuppayaM gaMgAmajjhammi = 6 (24) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #34
kAraka hama yaha jAnate haiM ki bhASA sampreSaNa kA bahuta hI prabhAvazAlI mAdhyama hai| yaha samajhanA jarUrI hai ki bhASA meM vAkya eka mahattvapUrNa ikAI hai| vAkya ke mAdhyama se zrotA taka apanI bAta ko sArthaka DhaMga se pahu~cAnA apekSita hai| vAkya meM saMjJA-sarvanAma Adi zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hI hai| sArthaka rUpa se apanI bAta kahane ke lie saMjJA zabda ko sadaiva eka rUpa meM hI prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMjJA zabdoM kA rUpa parivartana karake hI unheM sArthaka banAyA jA sakatA hai| isa rUpa parivartana ke lie unameM 'pratyaya' lagAye jAte haiN| ina pratyayoM ke lagane se hI vibhaktiyoM kA bodha hotA hai| isakA yaha artha huA ki saMjJA zabda meM ATha prakAra kI vibhaktiyoM ke pratyaya lagAkara vAkya meM prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI kAraNa prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM saMjJA meM ATha vibhaktiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| ye ATha vibhaktiyAM nimralikhita haiMvibhakti pratyaya cihna prathamA ne 1 chAtra ne guru ko praNAma kiyaa| dvitIyA ko 2 chAtra ne guru ko praNAma kiyaa| tRtIyA se, (ke dvArA) 3 gopAla pAnI se mu~ha dhotA hai| caturthI ke lie 4 putra sukha ke lie jItA hai| paMcamI se (pRthak artha meM) 5 per3a se pattA giratA hai| SaSThI kA, ke, kI 6 rAjya kA zAsana prajA ko pAlatA hai| saptamI meM, para 7 AkAza meM bAdala garajate haiN| saMbodhana he, are 8 he bAlaka! pustaka pddh'o| isa taraha saMjJA zabdoM ko vAkya meM prayukta karane ke uddezya se vibhinna pratyaya lagAkara saMpreSaNa kA kArya kiyA jAtA hai| aba hameM dekhanA yaha hai ki uparyukta vAkyoM meM saMjJA zabda kA kriyA se kyA saMbaMdha hai aura usa saMbaMdha ko vyAkaraNa meM kyA kahA gayA hai? prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (25)

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1, 2. praNAma kriyA ko karane vAlA 'chAtra' hai aura 'guru' kriyA kA karma hai I ataH isako kramazaH karttA kAraka aura karma kAraka kahA gayA hai| 3. 'dhonA' kriyA kA sampAdana pAnI se hotA hai / ataH ise karaNa kAraka kahA gayA hai| I 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 'jInA' kriyA 'sukha ke lie ' hai / ataH ise sampradAna kAraka kahA gayA hai| 'giranA' kriyA per3a se huI hai / ataH 'giranA' kriyA kA honA per3a se hai / ataH ise apAdAna kAraka kahA gayA hai / isa vAkya meM 'rAjya' kA saMbaMdha kriyA se nahIM hai / ataH isako kAraka nahIM kahA gayA hai kintu yaha vibhakti rAjya kA saMbaMdha zAsana se batAtI hai / isa vAkya meM 'garajane' kI kriyA AkAza meM huI hai / ataH isako adhikaraNa kAraka kahA gayA hai| 'he bAlaka' isakA 'par3hanA' kriyA se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai / ataH isako (saMbodhana ko ) kAraka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| isase yaha artha nikalA ki kAraka vahI kahalAtA hai jisakA kriyA ke sAtha sIdhA saMbaMdha ho / yadi hama kAraka aura vibhakti pratyayoM ko milAkara likheM to nimnalikhita rUpa hamAre sAmane AtA hai / prathamA vibhakti dvitIyA vibhakti tRtIyA vibhakti caturthI vibhakti paMcamI vibhakti (26) karttA kAraka karma kAraka karaNa kAraka sampradAna kAraka apAdAna kAraka prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita strIpratyaya-avyaya

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SaSThI vibhakti saptamI vibhakti adhikaraNa kAraka saMbodhana aMtaH kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyAkaraNa kA saiddhAntika pakSa kAraka hai kintu vibhakti vyavahArika pakSa kA dyotaka hai| sampreSaNa ke lie vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga hI kiyA jAtA hai| prAkRta meM kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa ye cha: kAraka haiN| prAkRta ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne sambandha ko kAraka nahIM mAnA hai aura na SaSThI vibhakti ke rUpoM ko hI pRthak sthAna diyA hai| SaSThI ke rUpa caturthI ke samAna hI hote haiN| . chaha kArakoM kA bodha karAne vAlI vibhaktiyA~ haiN| itanA hone para bhI kAraka aura vibhakti meM bheda hai| karttA meM sarvadA prathamA aura karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM hotI hai, parantu kartA meM tRtIyA aura karma meM prathamA vibhakti bhI hotI hai| jaise - 'rAvaNo rAmeNa hao' isa vAkya meM 'hanana' kriyA kA vAstavika kartA 'rAma' hai, para rAma prathamA vibhakti meM nahIM hai, tRtIyA vibhakti meM rakhA gayA hai| isI prakAra 'hanana' kriyA kA vAstavaki karma rAvaNa hai, use dvitIyA vibhakti meM na rakhakara prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA gayA hai| prathamA vibhakti : kartA kAraka 1. jisa vyakti yA vastu ke viSaya meM kucha kahA jAtA hai use vAkya kA kartA kahate hai aura vaha prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - nariMdo paramesaraM paNamai (rAjA paramezvara ko praNAma karatA hai) isa vAkya meM 'paNamai' kriyA ko karane vAlA 'nariMda' kartA hai aura prathamA vibhakti meM hai| isa taraha se kartRvAcya ke kartA meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| 2. karmavAcya meM vAkya banAte samaya kartRvAcya ke karma meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| mAyAe/mAyAi/mAyAa kahA suNijjai/suNIai/ Adi (mAtA ke dvArA kathA sunI jAtI hai)| yahA~ kahA prathamA vibhakti meM hai| isa vAkya kA kartRvAcya huA mAyA kahaM suNai/suNae/suNadi aadi| prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (27)

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3. 4. (i) prathamA vibhakti kA upayoga zabda kA artha aura liMga donoM batalAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jaba kisI zabda kA koI artha nikAlanA ho to usa zabda meM prathamA vibhakti lagAte haiM / nariMda zabda kA uccAraNa nirarthaka hogA, kintu yadi nariMdo kaheM to 'rAjA' usa zabda kA artha hogA / yahA~ nariMdo zabda se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha zabda pulliMga hai aura isakA artha 'rAjA' hai| isI prakAra taDo, taDI, taDaM zabda prathamA vibhakti meM rakhe gaye haiM / taDo (pulliMga), taDI (strIliMga), taDaM (napuMsakaliMga) zabdoM ke liMga haiM aura 'kinArA' inakA artha hai / isalie saMjJA, sarvanAma aura vizeSaNa meM artha nikAlane ke lie prathamA vibhakti ke pratyaya jor3e jAte haiM / so (pu.), sA (strI.), taM ( naMpu.), moharo (pu.), moharA (strI.), maNoharaM ( napuM. ) / (ii) vastu kA parimANa yA nApa batAne ke lie prathamA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise- sero (pu.) gohUmo ( eka sera gehU~) / yahA~ prathamA vibhakti se 'sera' kA nApa vidita hotA hai| (iii) saMkhyA kA jJAna karAne ke lie bhI prathamA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai / jaise- ekko (eka), tiNNi ( tIna ), Adi / sambodhana meM prAyaH prathamA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise he devo, he sAhU / anya rUpa bhI milate haiN| jaise - he kamala, he vAri, he mahu, he gAmaNi, he sayaMbhu, he lacchi bahu Adi / karttA aura kriyA kA samanvaya 1. kriyA kA puruSa tathA vacana karttA ke anusAra hotA hai| ka. yadi karttA anya puruSa ekavacana / bahuvacana kA ho to kriyA bhI anyapuruSa ekavacana / bahuvacana kI hogI / kha. yadi karttA madhyama puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana kA ho to kriyA bhI madhyamapuruSa ekavacana / bahuvacana kI hogI / ga. yadi karttA uttama puruSa ekavacana / bahuvacana kA ho to kriyA bhI uttamapuruSa ekavacana bahuvacana kI hogii| prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya - avyaya (28)

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rAmo jhAai (rAma dhyAna karatA hai|) yahA~ kartA anya puruSa ekavacana kA hai to kriyA bhI anya puruSa eka vacana kI prayukta huI hai| tumaM jhAasi (tuma dhyAna karate ho|) yahA~ kartA madhyama puruSa ekavacana kA hai to kriyA bhI madhyama puruSa eka vacana kI prayukta huI hai| (iii) ahaM jhAAmi (maiM dhyAna karatA huuN|) yahA~ kartA uttama puruSa ekavacana kA hai to kriyA bhI uttama puruSa eka vacana kI prayukta huI hai| 2. vAkyoM meM jaba do yA do se adhika kartA saMjJAe~ ho to kriyA bahuvacana kI hogii| jaise - rAmo harI ya ciTThanti (rAma aura harI baiThate haiN|) 3. jaba aneka saMjJAe~ alaga-alaga samajhI jAtI hai athavA aneka saMjJAe~ eka sAtha milakara kevala eka vicAra ko prakaTa karatI hai to kriyA ekavacana kI hogii| jaise - koho mANo mAyA loho saMtiM nAsei (krodha mAna mAyA lobha zAMti ko naSTa karate haiN|) jaba vAkya meM ekavacana kA (saMjJA karttA) kartA athavA se jur3A hotA hai to ekavacana kI kriyA AtI hai| kintu jaba karttA bhinna vacanoM kA ho, to kriyA nikaTatama kartA ke anusAra hogii| jaise(i) rAyA mantI vA viyArai (rAjA athavA maMtrI vicAra karatA hai|) (ii) sasA vA bhAI vA bAlaA Agacchanti (bahina athavA bhAI athavA bAlaka Ate haiN|) 5. jaba uttama, madhyama tathA anya puruSa ke kartA ho to kriyA uttama puruSa bahuvacana kI hogI aura jaba madhyama tathA anya puruSa kA kartA ho to kriyA madhyama puruSa bahuvacana kI hogii| jaise(i) so, tumaM, ahaM ca uTThamo (vaha, tuma aura maiM uThate haiN|) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (29)

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1. 2. so, tumaM ca uTThaha ( vaha aura tuma uThate ho|) to jaba bhinna-bhinna puruSoM ke do yA do se adhika karttA athavA se jur3e hoM, kriyA kA puruSa aura vacana nikaTatama pada ke anusAra hogaa| jaise (i) (11) dvitIyA vibhakti: karmakAraka I jisa vyakti yA vastu para kisI kriyA kA prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha usa kriyA kA karma kahalAtA hai, jaise- mAyA kahaM suNai / suNadi Adi (mAtA kathA ko sunatI hai|) yahA~ sunanA kriyA kA prabhAva kathA para samApta hotA hai / isalie 'kahA' karmakAraka huA, usameM dvitIyA vibhakti rakhI gaI hai| yahA~ yaha samajhanA cAhie ki karmavAcya ko chor3akara sabhI jagaha karma dvitIyA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai, jaise batAyA gayA hai ki karmavAcya meM karma prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai, jaise- mAyAe / mAyAi / mAyAa kahA suNijjai / suNI ai / Adi (ii) dvikarmaka kriyAoM ke yoga meM mukhya karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai aura gauNa karma meM apAdAna, adhikaraNa, sampradAna, sambandha Adi vibhaktiyoM ke hone para bhI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai / (i) (iii) (iv) so, amhe vA kajjaM karamo ( vaha athavA hama kArya karate haiM / ) amhe, so vA kajjaM karai (hama athavA vaha kArya karatA hai / ) ( 30 ) (v) -- vaha gAya se dUdha duhatA hai - so gAviM duddhaM duhai/duhae/Adi (apAdAna 5/1 kI vibhakti ke sthAna para) vaha vRkSa ke phaloM ko ikaTThA karatA hai so rukkhaM phalAI/ phalANi / Adi cuNai / cuNae / Adi (sambandha 6 / 1 kI vibhakti ke sthAna para) 1 guru ziSya ke lie dharma kA upadeza detA hai guru sissaM dhammaM uvadisai / uvadisae/Adi (sampradAna 4 / 1 ke sthAna para) vaha rAjA se dhana mA~gatA hai so nariMdaM dhaNaM maggai / maggae / Adi ( apAdAna 5/1 ke sthAna para) vaha agni se dhAna pakAtA hai - so aggiM dhaNNaM pacai / pacae / Adi (karaNa 3 / 1 ke sthAna para) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya-avyaya

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(ii) (vi) vaha putra ko gA~va meM le jAtA hai - so puttaM gAmaM vahai/vahae/Adi athavA NINai/NINae/Adi (adhikaraNa 7/1ke sthAna para) puccha (pUchanA), ruMdha (rokanA), maha (mathanA), musa (corI karanA) Adi dvikarmaka kriyAoM kA prayoga bhI kara lenA caahie| uparyukta kriyAoM ke paryAyavAcI artha meM bhI pradhAna aura gauNa karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| . inake karmavAcya banAne meM gauNa karma meM prathamA ho jAtI hai aura pradhAna karma meM dvitIyA hI rahatI hai, kintu 'vaha' kriyA ke pradhAna karma ko prathamA meM rakhA jAtA hai aura gauNa karma dvitIyA meM rahatA hai| (i) so mittaM pahaM pucchai/pucchae/Adi (kartRvAcya) teNa mitto 1/1 pahaM 2/1 pucchijjai/pucchIai/Adi (karmavAcya) so gAviM duddhaM duhai/duhae/Adi (kartRvAcya) teNa gAvI 1/1 duddhaM 2/1 duhijai/duhIai/Adi (karmavAcya) (iii) so puttaM gAmaM vahai/vahae/Adi (kartRvAcya) teNa putto 1/1 gAma 2/1 vahijjai/vahIai/Adi (karmavAcya) noTa - yahA~ putta pradhAna karma hai, ataH karmavAcya meM 'vaha' kriyA ke sAtha prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA gayA hai| isI prakAra anya vAkya banA lene caahie| yahA~ 'vaha' kriyA ko chor3akara anya kriyAoM ke yoga meM gauNa karma meM prathamA vibhakti rakhI gaI hai| yahA~ yaha jAnanA cAhie ki "kriyA ke artha ko pUrNa karane ke lie jisa saMjJA zabda ko anivAryataH karma kAraka meM rakhA jAe vaha pradhAna karma hotA hai aura jise vaktA apanI icchA se karmakAraka meM rakhatA hai (vaha cAhe to use dUsare kAraka meM bhI rakha sakatA hai) vaha gauNa karma hotA hai|" (saMskRta racanA, ApTe peja 29) 3. sabhI gatyArthaka kriyAoM ke yoga meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai, jaise - so gharaM gacchai/gacchae/Adi (vaha ghara jAtA hai|) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (31)

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4. saptamI ke sthAna para kabhI-kabhI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai jaise - sUrapayAso diNaM (2/1) pasarai/pasarae/Adi (sUrya kA prakAza dina meM phailatA hai|) yahA~ diNe (saptamI) ke sthAna para diNaM (dvitIyA) huI hai| 5. prathamA vibhakti ke sthAna para kabhI-kabhI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai, jaise - cauvIsaM (2/1) jiNavarA (1/2) / yahA~ honA cAhie - cauvIsA 1/1 jiNavarA 1/2 / noTa :- saMkhyAvAcI zabdoM ke rUpoM ke lie dekheM praur3ha prAkRta racanA saurabha pR0 158, 161 / 6. yadi vasa kriyA ke pUrva uva, anu, ahi aura A meM se koI bhI upasarga ho to kriyA ke AdhAra meM dvitIyA hotI hai| harI saggaM (2/1) uvvsi/anuvsi/ahivsi/aavsi/aadi| (harI svarga meM vAsa karatA hai|) yadi hama vasa kA hI prayoga kareMge to 'harI sagge vasai' vAkya bnegaa| yahA~ dvitIyA vibhakti nahIM huI hai| ubhao (donoM ora), savvao (saba ora), dhi (dhikkAra), samayA (samIpa)inake sAtha dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| jaise - parijaNo rAyaM (2/1) ubhao/ savvao ciTThai (parijana rAjA ke donoM ora / cAroM ora baiThate hai|) dhi dujaNaM (2/1) (durjana ko dhikkAra), gAmaM (2/1) samayA ekko taDAgo atthi (gA~va ke samIpa eka tAlAba hai|) 8. antareNa (binA) aura antarA (bIca meM, madhya meM) ke yoga meM dvitIyA hotI 7. (i) (ii) NANaM antareNa na suhaM (jJAna ke binA sukha nahIM hai|) gaMgaM jauNaM ya antarA payAgo atthi (gaMgA aura yamunA ke bIca meM prayAga hai|) (32) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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9. paDi (kI ora, kI tarapha) ke yoga meM dvitIyA hotI hai| jaise - mAyaM (2/1) paDi tuma sanehaM karasi/karase/Adi (mAtA kI ora tuma sneha rakhate ho)| 10. samaya evaM mArgavAcI zabdoM meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai, jaise - (i) so paMca diNANi/diNAiM/Adi (2/2) khettaM siMcI/siMciMsu (vaha pA~ca dina taka kheta sIMcatA rhaa|) (ii) so kosaM (2/1) calai (vaha kosa bhara calatA hai|) yahA~ paMca diNANi - dvitIyA vibhakti meM rakhA gayA hai aura kosaM bhI dvitIyA vibhakti meM hai| (yaha prayoga usa samaya hotA hai jaba nirantaratA ho, samApti nhiiN)| 11. dUra (napu.) va aMtiya (samIpa) (napu.) tathA inake samAnArthaka zabda dvitIyA vibhakti meM rakhe jAte hai| jaise - (i) gAmatto/gAmAo/Adi dUraM (2/1) NaI atthi| (gA~va se dUra nadI hai|) (ii) sariA/sariAi/sariAe aMtiyaM (2/1)jaI vsi/vse/vsdi| Adi (nadI ke samIpa yati basatA hai|) 12. viNA ke yoga meM dvitIyA hotI hai| jaise - mAyaM viNA sikkhA na hoi/hodi/Adi (mAtA ke binA zikSA nahIM hotI hai|) 13. kabhI-kabhI saMjJA zabda kI dvitIyA vibhakti kA eka vacana kriyAvizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai| jaise - so suhaM viharai/viharae viharadi/Adi (vaha sukhapUrvaka ramaNa karatA hai|) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (33)

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prayoga vAkya 1. te saMpauttA nagaraM paviTThA (samaNasuttaM 29) 2. vijjupphuriyaM roso mittI pAhANareha vv|| (vajjAlagga meM jIvana mUlya 13) ve (aMdhA aura laMgar3A) jur3e hue (Aga se bacakara) nagara meM ge| (niyama 3) sajjana ke bahuta guNoM se kyA? ..... bijalI kI taraha asthira krodha (tathA) patthara kI rekhA kI taraha mitrtaa| (niyama 5) jo baDI vipatti se ati pIDita bhI dasare se (dhana kI) yAcanA nahIM karate haiN| 3. je garuyavasaNapaDipelliyA vi annaM na patthaMti (vajjAlagga meM jIvana mUlya 46) (niyama 2) 4. jiMdAe ya pasaMsAe dukkhe ya suhaesu ya (aSTapAhuDa 31) 5. taccaM viralANa dhAraNA hodi ( kArtikeyAnuprekSA 24) 6. jAeNa sueNa pahU ! cinteyavvaM hiyaM niyayakAlaM (dasaraha pavvajjA 77) 7. caMDAlo taM pucchai - jIvaNaM viNA tava kAvi icchA siyA tayA maggiyavvaM / (amaMgaliya purisaho kahA - 2) 8. tIe haM vutto - samayaM viNA kahaM niggao si? (viusIe puttabahUe kahANagaM - 6) 9. aha taio naro mahIyalaM bhamanto jimiuM uvvittttho| (kassesA bhajjA - 3) 10. ettha sAvamANaM ThAuM na uiuM (sasuragehavAsINaM caujAmAyarANaM kahA - 5) 11. suhaM viharaMti (kumme - 2) 12. (te) sigdhaM cavalaM, turiyaM, caMDaM, jahaNaM, vegiI jeNeva se kummae teNeva uvAgacchaMti (kumme - 10) niMdA aura praMzasA meM, duHkhoM aura sukhoM meM ...... samabhAva rakhane se hI cAritra hotA hai| (niyama 4) viraloM kI tattva meM dhAraNA hotI hai| (niyama 4) he prabhu! priya putra ke dvArA hRdaya meM sadaiva aisA socA jAnA cAhie (niyama 4) cAMDAla usase pUchatA hai - jIvana ke alAvA tumhArI koI bhI icchA hai to mA~gI jAnI caahie| (niyama 12) usake dvArA maiM kahA gayA - samaya ke binA (tuma) kaise nikale ho? (niyama 12) aba tIsarA manuSya pRthvI para ghUmatA huA jImane ke lie baiThA / (niyama 4) yahA~ apamAnapUrvaka Thaharane ke lie ucita nahIM hai| (niyama 13) sukhapUrvaka ramaNa karate haiM (niyama 13) ve jaldI se, sphUrtipUrvaka, tejI se, AvezapUrvaka, vegapUrvaka aura zIghratApUrvaka, jahA~ vaha kachuvA thA vahA~ samIpa Ate haiN| (niyama 13) (34) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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13. jAmeva disiM pAubhUA tAmeva dihiM pddigyaa| (kumme 13) nimnalikhita vAkyoM kA prAkRta meM anuvAda kIjie / jahA~ kahIM vibhaktiyoM kA antara parivartana niyama samAna hai, vahA~ donoM prakAra se anuvAda kIjie / 1. usake dvArA pustaka par3hI jAtI hai| 2. vaha bAlaka se patha pUchatA hai| 3. vaha gAya se dUdha dUhatA hai| 4. vaha per3a se phUla ikaTThA karatA hai| 5. muni bAlaka ke lie dharma kA upadeza detA hai| 6. vaha usase dhana mA~gatA hai| 7. tuma agni se bhojana pakAo / 8. rAjA maMtrI ko nagara meM le jAtA hai| 9. maiM devAlaya jAtA huuN| 10. vaha rAtri meM mitra ko yAda karatA hai / 11. sajjana ke bijalI kI taraha asthira krodha hotA hai / 12. deva svarga meM rahate haiM / 13. kRSNa ke cAroM ora bAlaka hai / 14. nagara ke samIpa nadI hai| 15. usake binA maiM jAtA huuN| 16. nadI aura nagara ke bIca meM vana hai / 17. bAlaka kI ora tuma sneha rakhate ho / 18. vaha bAraha varSa taka rahatA hai| 19. maiM kosa bhara calatA huuN| 20. nadI nagara se dUra hai| 21. samudra ke nikaTa laMkA hai| 22. vaha du:khapUrvaka jItA hai / 2. jisa dizA meM prakaTa hue the, usI dizA meM lauTa gye| (niyama 3-4 ) tRtIyA vibhakti - karaNa kAraka apane kArya kI siddhi meM jo kartA ke lie atyanta sahAyaka hotA hai, vaha karaNa kahA jAtA hai / use tRtIyA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai / jaise (i) (ii) (ii) rAmo bANena rAvaNaM mArai/mArae/Adi (rAma vANa se rAvaNa ko mAratA haiM / ) karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya ke kartA meM tRtIyA hotI hai / (i) putto jalena vatthaM pacchAlai / pacchAlae/ Adi ( putra jala se vastra dhotA hai / ) - nariMdo kahaM suNai / Adi ( kartRvAcya ) - nariMdeNa/narideNaM kahA suNijjai/suNI ai /Adi (karmavAcya ) riMdo hasa/ Adi (kartRvAcya ) - nariMdeNa/narideNaM hasijjai / Adi (bhAvavAcya) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya-avyaya (35)

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3. kAraNa vyakta karane vAle zabdoM meM tRtIyA hotI hai, jaise - (i) so avarAheNa lukkai (vaha aparAdha ke kAraNa chipatA hai|) tumaM ujameNa dhaNaM labhasi/Adi (tuma prayatna ke kAraNa dhana prApta karate ho|) vijAa/vijAi/vijAe paiTThA hoi (vidyA ke kAraNa pratiSThA hotI hai|) (iv) so ajjhayaNeNa vasai/vasae/Adi (vaha adhyayana ke kAraNa rahatA hai| basatA hai|) 4. phala prApta yA kArya siddha hone para kAlavAcaka aura mArgavAcaka zabdoM meM tRtIyA hotI hai| (i) so dahahiM/dasahi diNehiM/diNehi gaMthaM paDhIa (usane dasa dinoM meM grantha pddh'aa|) mitto tIhiM/tIhi/Adi diNehiM/diNehi Nirogo hohIa (mitra tIna dinoM meM niroga huaa|) (iii) ekeNa koseNa kajaM hohIa (eka kosa para kArya huaa|) saha, saddhiM, samaM (sAtha) artha vAle zabdoM ke yoga meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI 5. hai| (i) so mitteNa saha gacchai/gacchae/Adi (vaha mitra ke sAtha jAtA hai|) (ii) lakkhaNo rAmeNa samaM gacchiMsu (lakSmaNa rAma ke sAtha gayA thaa|) (ii) haNuvaMto rAmeNa saddhiM sohai (hanumAna rAma ke sAtha zobhatA hai|) 6. "viNA' zabda ke sAtha dvitIyA, tRtIyA yA paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaleNa (3/1) / jalatto (5/1) jalaM (2/1) viNA Naro na jiivi/jiive| Adi (jala ke binA manuSya nahIM jItA hai|) 7. tulya (samAna, barAbara) kA artha batAne vAle zabdoM ke sAtha tRtIyA athavA SaSThI hotI hai| (36) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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(i) so deveNa (3/1)/ devassa (6/1) tullo atthi (vaha deva ke tulya/ samAna hai|) (ii) dhammeNa (3/1/)/ dhammassa (6/1) samANo mitto Na atthi (dharma ke samAna mitra nahIM hai|) 8. zarIra ke vikRta aMga ko batAne ke lie tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai| (i) so pAeNa khaMjo atthi (vaha paira se laMgaDA hai|) ' (ii) so kaNNeNa bahiro asthi (vaha kAna se baharA hai|) (ii) so NetteNa kANo atthi (vaha netra se kANA hai|) 9. kriyAvizeSaNa zabdoM meM bhI tRtIyA kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise - nariMdo suheNa jIvai/jIvae/Adi (rAjA sukhapUrvakajItA hai|) 10. kabhI-kabhI saptamI ke sthAna para tRtIyA kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| jaise -- teNaM kAleNaM, teNa samaeNaM (usa kAla meM) (usa samaya meM) 11. kiM, kajaM, attho - isI prakAra prayojana prakaTa karane vAle zabdoM ke yoga meM Avazyaka vastu ko tRtIyA meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) mUDheNa mitteNa kiM ? (mUrkha mitra se kyA lAbha hai ?) (ii) IsarANaM tiNeNa vi kajaM havai (dhanI logoM kA kArya tinake se bhI ho jAtA hai|) ko attho teNa putteNa jo Na viuso Na dhammio (usa putra se kyA prayojana jo na vidvAna hai aura na dhArmika hai|) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (37)

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1. nA''lasseNa samaM sukkhaM, na vijjA saha niddayA / (samaNasutaM 24 ) 2. thambhA kohA pamAeNaM, rogeNA'lassaeNa ya sikkhA na labbhai / (samaNasutaM27 ) 3. sUro na diNeNa viNA diNo vina hu sUravirahammi / (bajAlagga meM jIvana mUlya 24) prayoga vAkya 4. paDivannaM jeNa samaM puvvaNioeNa hoi jIvassa dUraTThio na dUre jaha caMdo kumuyasaMDANaM / ( vajjAlagga meM jIvana mUlya 30) 5. sIleNa viNA visayA NANaM viNAsaMti / (aSTapAhuDa 33 ) 6. jammaM maraNeNa samaM saMpajjai (kArtikeyAnuprekSA 1) 7. to dasaraheNa sigdhaM, paumo somittiNA samaM vutto / (dasaraha pavvajjA - 72 ) 8. bahuyadivasesu deso, jo volINo I kumArasIhehiM / so bharaheNa pavanno, diyahehiM chahi ayatteNaM // (rAmaniggamaNa - bharaharajjavihANaM - 43) 9. so piuNA saha gehe Agao / (viusIe puttabahUe kahANagaM - 6) ( 38 ) Alasya ke sAtha sukha nahIM rahatA hai, nidrA ke sAtha vidyA saMbhava nahIM hotI hai / (niyama 5 ) ahaMkAra se, krodha se, pramAda se, roga se tathA Alasya se zikSA prApta nahIM kI jA sktii| (niyama 3 aura paMcamI vibhakti niyama 2 ) dina ke binA sUrya nahIM hotA hai tathA dina bhI nizcaya hI sUrya ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai / (niyama 6) jaise candramA aura (candra-vikAsI) kamala-samUhoM ke (madhya meM) (kiyA huA) (sneha) (hotA hai), (vaise hI) pUrva saMbaMdha se jIva kA jisake sAtha kiyA huA (sneha) hotA hai, (vaha jIva) dUrasthita ( bhI ) dUra nahIM (hotA hai ) / (niyama 5 ) zIla (caritra) ke binA viSaya jJAna ko naSTa kara dete haiN| (niyama 6) janma maraNa ke sAtha saMlagna hai| (niyama 5 ) taba dazaratha ke dvArA lakSmaNa ke sAtha rAma zIghra ( bulAe gaye) / (niyama 5 ) kumAra siMhoM ke dvArA jo deza bahuta dinoM meM pAra kiyA (thA) vaha bharata ke dvArA AsAnI se chaH dinoM meM pAyA gayA (pAra kiyA gyaa)| (niyama 4 ) vaha pitA ke sAtha ghara meM AyA / (niyama 5 ) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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10. sA sumai kannA sAlaMkArA jIvaMtI uTThiyA / tayA tIe samaM ego varo vi jIvio / (kassesA bhajjA 5) 11. puNNe vivAhe jAmAyarehiM viNA savve saMbaMdhiNo niyaniyagharesu gayA / (sasuragehavAsINaM caujAmAyarANaM kahA - 1 ) 12. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM vANArasI nAmaM nayarIM hotthA / (kumme - 1) 13. duve kummagA mayaMgatIraddahassa pariperaMteNaM viharati / (kumpe - 4 ) 14. te kummagA saMjAtabhayA hatthe ya pAe ya gavAo ya saehiM saehiM kAehiM sAharaMti / (kumme 7 ) 15. gaMthANamekkeNa ceva muhutteNa kameNa rayaNA kadA | (ciTThI 1 ) 16. be vasahA sumiNaMtareNa dharaseNa- bhaDAraeNa diTThA | (ciTTI - 3 ) vaha sumati kanyA alaMkArasahita jItI huI uThI / taba usake sAtha eka vara bhI jiyA / (niyama 5) vivAha ke pUrNa hone para dAmAdoM ke alAvA saba sambandhI apane-apane ghara cale ge| (niyama 6) isa kAla meM aura isa samaya meM vArANasI nAmaka nagarI thI / ( niyama 10) do kachue mRtagaMgAtIrahRda kI sImA meM gamana karate hai ( ) | ( niyama 10 ) ve kachue utpanna hue bhaya ke kAraNa hAthoM ko aura pairoM aura gardana ko apane-apane zarIroM meM chipAte the / ( niyama 10) granthoM kI eka hI muhurta meM krama se racanA kI gii| (niyama 4) dharasena bhaTTAraka dvArA do baila svapna ke madhya dekhe gaye / ( niyama 10) nimnalikhita vAkyoM kA prAkRta meM anuvAda kIjie / jahA~ kahI vibhaktiyoM kA antara parivartana niyama samAna hai, vahA~ donoM prakAra se anuvAda kIjie / 1. vaha jala se hAtha dhotA hai / 2. usake dvArA sUrya dekhA jAtA hai| 3. kanyA ke dvArA zaramAyA jAtA hai| 4. puNya ke kAraNa hari dikhe| 5. hari pA~ca dinoM meM kosa bhara gyaa| 6. vaha bAraha varSoM meM vyAkaraNa par3hatA hai| 7. putra ke sAtha pitA jAtA hai| 8. pitA putra ke sAtha khelatA hai| 9. jala ke binA kamala nahIM khilatA / 10. vaha rAjA ke samAna hai| 11. vaha kAna se baharA hai| 12. vaha snehapUrvaka ghara AtA hai| 13. zIla ke vinaSTa hone para ucca kula se kyA ? 14. dhanI logoM kA kArya tinake se bhI ho jAtA hai / prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita strIpratyaya-avyaya (39)

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caturthI vibhakti - sampradAna kAraka 1. dAna kArya ke dvArA kartA jise santuSTa karanA cAhatA hai, usa vyakti kI sampradAna saMjJA hotI hai| saMpradAna ko batAne vAle saMjJApada ko caturthI meM rakhate hai| jaise rAyA NiddhaNAya/NiddhaNassa dhaNaM dAi/dei (rAjA nirdhana ke lie dhana detA hai|) 2. jisa prayojana ke lie koI kArya hotA hai, usa prayojana meM caturthI hotI hai| jaise - (i) so muttIe/muttIA/Adi hariM bhajai/bhajae/Adi (vaha mukti ke lie hari ko bhajatA hai|) (ii) tuma dhaNassa/dhaNAya ceTThasi/ceTThase (tuma dhana ke lie prayatna karate ho|) 3. roa (acchA laganA) tathA roa ke samAna artha vAlI anya kriyAoM ke yoga meM prasanna hone vAlA sampradAna kahalAtA hai, usameM caturthI hotI hai| jaise - bAlaassa/bAlAya pupphANi/pupphAI roanti/roante/Adi (bAlaka ko phUla acche lagate hai/rucate hai|) 4. kujjha (krodha karanA), doha (droha karanA), Isa (IrSyA karanA), asUa (ghRNA karanA) kriyAoM ke yoga meM tathA isake samAnArthaka kriyAoM ke yoga meM, jisake Upara krodha Adi kiyA jAe use caturthI meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) lakkhaNo rAvaNAya/rAvaNassa kujjhai/kujjhae/Adi (lakSmaNa rAvaNa para krodha karatA hai|) (ii) rAvaNo rAmAya/rAmassa Isai/Isae/Adi (rAvaNa rAma se IrSyA karatA hai|) (iii) mahilA hiMsAe/hiMsAi/hiMsAa asUai/asUae/Adi (mahilA hiMsA se ghRNA karatI hai|) (iv) duTTho maNuso sajjaNAya/sajjaNassa dohai/dohae/Adi (duSTa manuSya sajjana se droha karatA hai|) (40) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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5. namo (Namo) ke yoga meM caturthI hotI hai - mahAvIrAya/mahAvIrassa namo (Namo) (mahAvIra ko nmskaar)| 'Nama' kriyA ke yoga meM dvitIyA aura caturthI donoM hotI hai| (prayoga vAkya dekheN)| 6. alaM (paryApta ke artha meM) caturthI hotI hai| jaise - jhANo mokkhAya/ mokkhassa alaM atthi (dhyAna mokSa ke lie paryApta hai|) 7. siha (cAhanA) kriyA ke yoga meM caturthI hotI hai| jaise -- so jasAya/ jasassa sihai/sihae/Adi (vaha yaza ko cAhatA hai|) 8. kaha (kahanA), saMsa (kahanA), cakkha (kahanA) kriyAoM ke yoga meM aura isI artha kI anya kriyAoM ke yoga meM jisa vyakti se kucha kahA jAtA hai usameM caturthI hotI hai| jaise - ahaM tujjha saccaM kahami/kahAmi/Adi saMsami/ saMsAmi/Adi cakkhami/cakkhAmi Adi (maiM tumhAre lie satya kahatA huuN|) ____9. caturthI ke artha meM atthaM (avyaya) kA prayoga bhI hotA hai, jaise - so NANatthaM ceTThai/Adi (vaha jJAna ke lie prayatna karatA hai|) prayoga vAkya 1. puttassa majjha sAmiya! dehi samatthaM imaM he svAmI! mere putra ko yaha samasta rajaM / (dasaraha pavvajA 70) rAjya de do| (niyama 1) 2. bharahassa mahI dinnA, tAeNaM kegiivrnimittN| kaikeyI ke vara ke kAraNa pitA ke dvArA (dasaraha pavajA 98) bharata ko pRthvI dI gii| (niyama 1) 3. jaNaNIeN sirapaNAmaM, kAUNaM rAma (apanI) mAtA va zeSa mAtRvarga ko sesamAivamgassa / puNaravi ya naravarindaM, sira se praNAma karake jAne ke lie taiyAra paNamai rAmo gamaNasajjo // (dasaraha pabvajjA 101) hai| tathA punaH rAjA ko praNAma karatA hai| (niyama 5) 4. puttassa kahaNatthaM haTeM gcchi| putra ko kahane ke lie dukAna para gyaa| (viusIe puttabahUe kahANagaM ) (niyama 8) 5. sasurassa paccUse kahiUNa haM gmissaami| sasura ko prabhAta meM kahakara maiM jaauuNgaa| (sasuragehavAsINaM caujAmAyarANaM kahA 3) (niyama 8) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (41)

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nimnalikhita vAkyoM kA prAkRta meM anuvAda kIjie / jahA~ kahI vibhaktiyoM kA antara parivartana niyama samAna hai, vahA~ donoM prakAra se anuvAda kIjie / 1. vaha putrI ke lie dhana detA hai| 2. vaha dhana ke lie prayatna karatA hai| 3. hari ko bhakti acchI lagatI hai| 4. rAjA maMtrI para krodha karatA hai| 5. maMtrI rAjA ko namaskAra karatA hai| 6. dhAna bhojana ke lie paryApta hai| 7. vaha mukti kI cAha rakhatA hai| 8. mAtA putrI ke lie kathA kahatI hai| 9. rAjA bhojana ke lie baiThatA hai / 10. vaha rAjA se IrSyA karatA hai / 11. rAma asatya se ghRNA karate hai / paMcamI vibhakti 1. apAdAna kAraka jisase kisI vastu kA alaga honA pAyA jAtA hai, use apAdAna kahate hai / jaise - rukkhatto / rukkhAo / Adi pupphaM paDai / paDae / Adi yahA~ phUla per3a se alaga ho rahA hai / isI prakAra - gAmatto/gAmAo/Adi mitto Agacchai/ Agacchae / Adi - (yahA~ gA~va se viyoga pAyA jAtA hai| ataH rukkha aura gAma meM paMcamI rakhI jAtI hai / ) 2. guNavAcaka astrIliMga saMjJA zabda (pulliMga, napuMsakaliMga saMjJA zabda) jo kisI kriyA yA ghaTanA kA kAraNa batAtA hai, use tRtIyA yA paMcamI vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise . (1) (ii) ka. (42) kha. 1 so mukkhatto / mukkhAo / Adi Na sohai / sohae / Adi ( vaha mUrkhatA ke kAraNa nahIM zobhatA hai / ) so mukkheNa (3/1) Na sohai / sohae / Adi ( vaha mUrkhatA ke kAraNa nahIM zobhatA hai / ) lekina astrIliMga saMjJA zabda guNavAcaka na hone para tRtIyA vibhakti meM hI rahate haiM / jaise so dhaNeNa ullasai ( vaha dhana ke kAraNa khuza hotA hai / ) strIliMga saMjJA zabda meM tRtIyA hI hotI hai| jaise so buddhIe chaDDio (vaha buddhi ke kAraNa chor3a diyA gayA) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa- kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya-avyaya

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3. bhaya arthavAlI dhAtuoM ke yoga meM bhaya kA kAraNa paMcamI meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - bAlao sappatto/sappAo/Adi bIhai/bIhae/Adi (bAlaka sarpa se DaratA hai|) 4. jaba koI apane ko chipAtA hai, to jisase chipanA cAhatA hai vahA~ paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise -- so guruNo/gurutto/gurUo/Adi lukkai/lukkae/Adi (vaha guru se chipatA hai|) rokanA arthavAlI kriyAoM ke yoga meM paMcamI vibhakti rahatI hai| jaise - guru sissaM pAvatto/pAvAo/Adi rokkai/rokkae/Adi (guru ziSya ko pApa se rokatA hai|) 6. jisase vidyA, kalA paDhI/sIkhI jAe, usameM paMcamI hotI hai| jaise - so gurutto/gurUo/Adi gAyaNakalaM sikkhai/sikkhae/Adi (vaha guru se gAne kI kalA sIkhatA hai|) 7. duguccha (ghRNA), virama (haTanA) aura pamAya (bhUla, asAvadhAnI) tathA inake samAnArthaka zabdoM yA kriyAoM ke sAtha paMcamI hotI hai| jaise - (i) sajjaNo pAvatto/pAvAo/Adi dugacchai/dugacchae/Adi (sajjana pApa se ghRNA karatA hai|) mukkho ajjhayaNatto/ajjhayaNAo/Adi viramai/viramae/Adi (mUrkha adhyayana se haTatA hai|) (iii) tumaM sajjhAyatto/sajjhAyAo/Adi pamAyasi/pamAyase/Adi (tuma svAdhyAya se pramAda karate ho|) 8. upaja (utpanna honA), pabhava (utpanna honA) kriyA ke yoga meM paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise(i) khettato/khettAo/Adi dhanna uppajjai/uppajjae/Adi (kheta se dhAna utpanna hotA hai|) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (43)

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(ii) lobhatto/lobhAo/Adi koho pabhavai/pabhavae/Adi (lobha se krodha utpanna hotA hai|) 9. jisase kisI vastu yA vyakti kI tulanA kI jAe, usameM paMcamI hotI hai| jaise - (i) dhaNatto/dhaNAo/Adi NANaM gurutaraM atthi| (dhana se jJAna acchA hai|) (ii) rAiNo/raNNo maMttI kusalataro atthi| (rAjA se maMtrI adhika kuzala hai|) 10. paMcamI ke sthAna meM kabhI kabhI kahIM kahIM tRtIyA aura saptamI pAI jAtI hai| jaise - (i) so coreNa bIhai (vaha cora se DaratA hai|) (paMcamI ke sthAna para tRtiiyaa)| (ii) tuma sajjhAye pamAyasi/Adi (tuma svAdhyAya meM pramAda karate ho|) (paMcamI ke sthAna meM sptmii)| 11. 'viNA' ke yoga meM paMcamI bhI hotI hai| (dvitIyA aura tRtIyA vibhakti ke atirikta) jaise(i) rAmatto 5/1 viNA sIyA Na sohai/Adi (rAma ke binA sItA nahIM zobhatI hai|) rAmeNa 3/1 rAmaM 2/1 viNA sIyA Na sohai/Adi (rAma ke binA sItA nahIM zobhatI hai|) (44) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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prayoga vAkya 1. bhAve viratto maNuo visogo vastu-jagata se virakta manuSya du:kharahita (samaNasuttaM 5) (hotA hai)| (niyama 10) 2. NANaguNehi vihINA Na lahaMte te jo (samyak) jJAna-guNa se rahita (haiM), suicchiyaM lAhaM / (aSTapAhuDa 2) ve bhalI prakAra se (bhI) cAhe hue lAbha ko prApta nahIM karate haiM / (niyama 10) 3. jo dehe Niravekkho NibaMdo Nimmamo nniraarNbho| jo deha se udAsIna hai, (jo) AdasahAve surao joI so lahai nnivvaannN|| (mAnasika) dvandva-rahita (haiM) mamatArahita (aSTapAhuDa 26) (tathA) jIva-hiMsArahita (hai), jo Atma-svabhAva meM pUrI taraha saMlagna hai, vaha yogI parama zAMti prApta karatA hai| (niyama 10) 4. tattha AttharaNAbhAve aIvasIyabAhiyA vahA~ bistara ke abhAva meM atyanta ThaMDa se turaMgamapiTThacchAiAvaraNavatthaM gahiUNa rogI hone ke kAraNa (ve) ghor3e kI pITha bhUmIe suttaa| (sasuragehavAsINaM caujAmAyarANaM kahA 5) para DhakanevAle AvaraNa vastra ko grahaNa karake bhUmi para soe| (niyama 2)karake bhUmi para soe| (niyama 2) 5. visae virattacitto joI jANei appANaM / (aSTapAhuDa 30) (jisa yogI kA) citta viSaya se udAsIna hai, (vaha) yogI (hI) AtmA ko jAnatA hai| (niyama 10) nimnalikhita vAkyoM kA prAkRta meM anuvAda kiijie| jahA~ kahI vibhaktiyoM kA antara parivartana niyama samAna hai, vahA~ donoM prakAra se anuvAda kiijie| 1. pahAr3a se nadI nikalatI hai| 2. patte se bUMde giratI hai| 3. vaha gambhIratA ke kAraNa prasiddha hai| 4. cora rAjA se DaratA hai| 5. vaha pitA se chipatA hai| 6. vaha pApa se bacatA hai| 7. tuma guru se pustaka pddh'o| 8. rAjA asatya se ghRNA karatA hai| 9. mUrkha sajjanoM se haTatA hai| 10. vaha svAdhyAya meM pramAda karatA hai| 11. krodha se moha utpanna hotA hai| 12. hiMsA se ahiMsA zreSTha hai| 13. vaha jJAna-guNa se rahita hai| 14. vaha bhAva se virakta hotA hai| 15. dharma ke binA jIvana vyartha hai| prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (45)

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SaSThI vibhakti - sambandha yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki sambandha yA SaSThI vibhakti kAraka nahIM hai| saMbaMdha meM SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai| usakA kriyA se sambandha nahIM hotA hai| prathamA, dvitIyA Adi vibhaktiyoM kA kriyA se saMbaMdha hotA hai| 1. heu (prayojana yA kAraNa artha meM) zabda ke sAtha SaSThI hotI hai / heu zabda tathA kAraNa yA prayojanavAcI zabda donoM ko hI SaSThI vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) so annassa heussa gAme vasai (vaha anna ke prayojana se gA~va meM rahatA hai|) (yahA~ rahane kA hetu yA prayojana anna hai|) ajjhayaNassa heussa sisso nayare Agacchai (adhyayana ke prayojana se ziSya nagara meM AtA hai|) (yahA~ nagara meM Ane kA prayojana adhyayana 2. yadi heu zabda ke sAtha sarvanAma kA prayoga kiyA gayA ho to heu zabda aura sarvanAma donoM meM vikalpa se tRtIyA, paMcamI yA SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai| jaiseso keNa heuNA/katto heutto/kassa heussa attha vasai (vaha kisa kAraNa se yahA~ rahatA hai|) 3. eka samudAya meM se jaba eka vastu viziSTatA ke AdhAra se chA~TI jAtI hai, taba jisameM se chA~TI jAtI hai usameM SaSThI yA saptamI hotI hai| jaise - puSphesu, pupphANaM vA kamalaM aIva sohai (phUloM meM kamala kA phUla atyanta zobhatA hai|) AzIrvAda dene kI icchA hone para Ausa, bhadda, kusala, sukha, hita tathA inake paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke sAtha caturthI yA SaSThI hotI hai| jaise - rAmAya, rAmassa vA AusaM, bhadaM, kusalaM, hitaM, sukhaM (rAma ciraMjIvI ho, rAma kA kalyANa ho, rAma kA kuzala ho, rAma kA hita ho, rAma ko sukha ho Adi / ) 5. dvitIyA-tRtIyA Adi vibhakti ke sthAna para SaSThI hotI hai| jaise - (i) ahaM sImaMdharassa vandAmi (maiM sImaMdhara ko vandanA karatA huuN|) (dvitIyA ke sthAna para sssstthii)| (46) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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(ii) dhaNassa so laddho (dhana se vaha prApta kiyA gyaa|) (tRtIyA ke sthAna para SaSThI) so corassa bIhai (vaha cora se DaratA hai|) (paMcamI ke sthAna para SaSThI) (iii) (iv) tAsa piTTIe kesa-bhAro (usakI pITha para kezabhAra hai|) (saptamI ke sthAna para sssstthii)| 6. (khedapUrvaka ) smaraNa karanA, dayA karanA, artha vAlI kriyA ke sAtha karma meM SaSThI hotI hai| jaise (i) so mAyAe/Adi sumarai (vaha mAtA kA smaraNa karatA hai|) (ii) so bAlaassa dayai/Adi (vaha bAlaka para dayA karatA hai|) sAdhAraNa artha meM smaraNa karane ke karma meM dvitIyA hI hotI hai| prayoga vAkya 1. NANaM purisassa hvdi| jJAna AtmA meM hotA hai| (aSTapAhuDa 6) (niyama 5) 2. maidhaNuhaM jassa thiraM sudaguNa bANA suasthi jisake lie sthira mati dhanuSa (hai), zruta rayaNattaM / paramatthabaddhalakkho Na vi cukkadi / (jJAna) DorI (hai), tIna ratnoM kA samUha mokkhamaggassa // (aSTapAhuDa 7) zreSTha bANa (hai) (tathA) paramArtha kI prApti kA lakSya dRr3ha (haiM), (vaha) kabhI mokSa ke mArga se vicalita nahIM hotA hai| (niyama 5) 3. tipayAro so appA .................. hu heuunn| (aSTapAhuDa 22) 4. jo icchai NissarituM saMsAramahaNNavAu ruddaao| kammiMdhaNANa DahaNaM so jhAyai appayaM suddhaM // ( aSTapAhuDa 27) nizcaya hI (bhinna-bhinna ) kAraNoM se vaha AtmA tIna prakAra kA hai| (niyama 1) jo bhISaNa saMsArarUpI mahAsAgara se (bAhara) nikalane kI cAha rakhatA hai, vaha karmarUpI Idhana ko jalAnevAlI zuddha AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai| (niyama 5) prAkatavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (47)

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5. jiMdAe ya pasaMsAe dukkhe ya suhaesu y| niMdA aura prazaMsA meM, duHkhoM aura sukhoM meM sattUNaM ceva baMdhUNaM cArittaM samabhAvado // tathA zatruoM aura mitroM meM samabhAva (aSTapAhuDa 31) (rakhane) se (hI) cAritra (hotA hai|) (niyama 5) 6. se NaM iha bhave ceva bahUNaM samaNANaM bahUNaM vaha isa hI bhava meM bahuta sAdhuoM dvArA samaNINaM sAvagANaM sAvigANaM holaNijje, bahuta zramaNiyoM dvArA, zrAvakoM dvArA, paraloe vi ya NaM Agacchai bahUNi daMDaNANi zrAvikAoM dvArA avajJA karane yogya jahAM jAva aNupariyaTTai, kummae aguttiNdie| hote hai, paraloka meM bhI bahuta daMDa pAte hai (kumme 11) aura vaha (saMsAra meM) paribhramaNa karatA hai| jaise indriyoM kA gopana (saMyama) nahIM karanevAlA kachuA (mRtyu ko prApta huA) (niyama 5) nimnalikhita vAkyoM kA prAkRta meM anuvAda kiijie| jahA~ kahI vibhaktiyoM kA antara parivartana niyama samAna hai, vahA~ donoM prakAra se anuvAda kiijie| 1. rAma adhyayana ke prayojana se grantha paDhatA hai| 2. vaha kisa kAraNa se AyA hai| 3. parvatoM meM meru atyanta U~cA hai| 4. putrI kA kalyANa ho| 5. maiM mahAvIra kI vaMdanA karatA huuN| 6. vaha dhana se dhanavAna huaa| 7. vaha zera se DaratA hai| 8. usake makAna para patthara hai| saptamI vibhakti - adhikaraNa kAraNa 1. 'kartA kI kriyA kA AdhAra yA karma kA AdhAra adhikaraNa kAraka hotA hai|' dUsare artha meM 'jisa sthAna para koI hotA hai, use adhikaraNa kahate hai aura vaha saptamI vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai| jaise - (i) so AsaNe ciTThai/ciTThae/Adi (vaha Asana para baiThatA hai|) yahA~ kartA 'so' (vaha) kI kriyA ciTThai (baiThanA) kA AdhAra Asana hai ataH usameM saptamI vibhakti huii| so thAlIe/thAlIyA/Adi odaNaM pacai/pacae/Adi (vaha thAlI (hA~DI) meM bhAta pakAtA hai|) yahA~ odaNa kA AdhAra thAlI (hA~DI) hai ataH usameM saptamI vibhakti huii| (48) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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dUsare zabdoM meM baiThane kA kArya Asana para aura pakAne kA kArya thAlI ( hA~DI) meM hone ke kAraNa inameM adhikaraNa kAraka huA / ataH saptamI meM rakhA gayA hai| 2. jaba eka kArya ke ho jAne para dUsarA kArya hotA hai to ho cuke kArya meM saptamI kA prayoga hotA hai / ho cuke kArya ke vAkya meM sakarmaka kriyA kA prayoga hone para vAkya karmavAcya meM hogA aura akarmaka kriyA kA prayoga hone para vAkya kartRvAcya meM hogA / jaise 1) sakarmaka kriyA kA prayoga : (i) (ii) tuma (3/1) bhoyaNe (7/1) khAe (bhUkR 7/1) so harisai (tumhAre bhojana khA lene para vaha prasanna hotA hai 1) (karmavAcya ) / teNa (3/1) gaMthe (7/1 ) paDhie (7/1) tumaM gAasi ( usake graMtha par3ha lene para tuma gAte ho) (karmavAcya ) yahA~ karttA meM tRtIyA, karma aura kRdanta meM saptamI kA prayoga huA hai (ii) 2) akarmaka kriyA kA prayoga : sUre (7/1) uggie (771) kamalaM viasai ( sUrya ke ugane para kamala khilatA hai|) (kartRvAcya) / kartRvAcya meM karttA aura kRdanta meM saptamI hotI hai aura karmavAcya meM karttA meM tRtIyA aura karma aura kRdanta meM saptamI hotI hai / I 3) jAnA kriyA donoM prakAra se prayukta ho sakatI hai / jaisA ki Upara udAharaNa meM batAyA gayA hai| jaise - (i) rAme (7/1) vanaM (2/1 ) gae (7/1 ) dasaraho pANA cuai / cayai (rAma ke vana ko jAne para dazaratha prANoM ko tyAgatA hai ) ( kartRvAcya) rAmeNa (3/1) vane (7/1) gae (7/1) dasaraho pANA cuai / cayai (rAma ke vana ko jAne para dazaratha prANoM ko tyAgatA hai ) ( karmavAcya ) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita strIpratyaya - avyaya (49)

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ataH karmavAcya meM kartA meM tRtIyA aura karma aura kRdanta meM saptamI hotI hai| kartRvAcya meM kartA aura kRdanta meM saptamI hotI hai| 3. dvitIyA aura tRtIyA vibhakti ke sthAna meM saptamI bhI ho jAtI hai| jaise - (i) ahaM nayare na jAmi (maiM nagara ko > meM nahIM jAtA huuN|) (dvitIyA ke sthAna para saptamI) (ii) tesu tIsu puhaI alNkiaa| (una tInoM ke dvArA pRthvI alaMkRta huii|) (tRtIyA ke sthAna para saptamI) paMcamI ke sthAna para kabhI kabhI saptamI pAI jAtI hai| jaise - anteure ramiuM rAyA Agao (antaHpura se ramaNa karake rAjA A gyaa|) (yahA~ paMcamI ke sthAna para saptamI huii|) 5. pheMkane artha kI kriyAoM ke sAtha saptamI hotI hai| jaise - so bAlaM jale/jalammi khivai (vaha bAlaka ko jala meM pheMkatA hai|) 4 prayoga vAkya 1. visae virattacitto joI jANei appANaM (apapAhuDa 30) jisa yogI kA citta viSayoM se udAsIna hai, vaha yogI hI AtmA ko jAnatA hai| (niyama 4) AgamoM ko jAnakara bhI tumhAre lie zIla (cAritra) hI uttama kahA gayA hai / (niyama 3) 2. vedeUNa sudesu ya teva suyaM uttamaM siilN| (aSTapAhuDa 34) 3. saMbhAsiUNa bhicce, vajjAvattaM ca dhaNuvaraM ghettuM / ghaNapIisaMpautto, paumasayAsaM samallINo // (dazarahapavvajA 111) bhRtya ke sAtha bAtacIta karake aura vajrAvarta dhanuSa ko lekara atyanta premayukta va lIna rAma ke pAsa (gyaa)| (niyama 3) pitA, baMdhujana tathA saiMkar3oM sAmantoM se ghire hue rhe| (niyama 3) 4. piyareNa bandhavehi ya, sAmantasaesu parimiyA sntaa| (dazarahapabvajA 112) (50) prAkatavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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5. tesu kumAresu samaM, sAmantajaNeNa vccmaannennN| usa samaya una kumAroM ke sAtha jAte hue sunnA sAeyapurI, jAyA chaNavajjiyA taiyA // sAmantajanoM ke kAraNa sAketapurI zUnya (dazarahapavvajjA 118) (tathA) utsavarahita ho gii| (niyama 3) 6. purohiassa ya putto samIve Thio vaTTai, tayA purohita kA putra samIpa baiThA rahA taba purohio samAgao putte pucchi| purohita AyA aura putra ko pUchatA hai| (sasuragehavAsINaM caujAmAyarANaM kahA 6) (niyama 3) nimnalikhita vAkyoM kA prAkRta meM anuvAda kIjie / jahA~ kahIM vibhaktiyoM kA antara parivartana niyama samAna hai, vahA~ donoM prakAra se anuvAda kiijie| 1. rAjA Asana para baitthaa| 2. vaha ghara meM rahatA hai| 3. krodha ke zAnta hone para dayA hotI hai| 4. kuzIla ke naSTa hone para zIla prakaTa hotA hai| 5. AgamoM ko jAnakara tumhAre lie satya kahA gayA hai| 6. anucaroM ke sAtha bAtacIta karake vaha gyaa| 7. viSaya se udAsIna citta yogI hotA hai| prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (51)

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taddhita kriyAoM ko chor3akara saMjJA, sarvanAma, vizeSaNa Adi meM jo pratyaya zabda se jur3akara vibhinna arthoM meM prayoga kiye jAte haiM, una pratyayoM ko taddhita pratyaya kahate haiN| taddhita pratyaya kriyA meM nahIM jor3e jA sakate haiN| kera', 'eccaya', 'illa', 'ulla' Adi taddhita pratyaya haiM, ina pratyayoM ke lagAne se jo zabda banate haiM, unheM taddhita kahate 1. 'kera' pratyaya : (hema - 2/147) saMbaMdha ko sUcita karane ke lie 'amha', 'tumha', 'para', 'rAya' meM 'kera' pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai, jaise - amha + kera = amhakera (vi.) amhakero putto (merA putra), amhakeraM vatthaM (merA vastra), amhakerI puttI (merI putrI), amhakerA puttA (hamAre putra) aadi| tumha + kera = tumhakera (vi.) tumhakero putto (terA putra), tumhakeraM vatthaM (terA vastra) tumhakerI puttI (terI putrI), tumhakerA puttA (tumhAre putra) aadi| para + kera - parakera athavA pArakera (vi.) parakero putto (anya kA putra) aadi| rAya + kera - rAyakera (vi.) rAyakero putto (rAjA kA putra) aadi| 2. 'ka' tathA 'ikka' pratyaya : (hema - 2/148, 1/144) para + ka = parakka athavA pAraka (vi.) (para kA, anya kA) rAa + ikka = rAikka (vi.) (rAjA kA) 3. 'eccaya' pratyaya : (hema - 2/149) tumha + eccaya = tumheccaya (vi.) amha + eccaya = amhe ccaya (vi.) (52) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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4. noTa : saMbaMdha sUcaka bhAva ko batAne ke lie prAkRta meM do DhaMga haiM 1. merA putra sukha cAhatA hai / (ka) (kha) 2. tumhArA potA ghara jAtA hai| mama 6/1 putto 1/1 sokkhaM icchai /Adi / amhakero/amheccayo 1/1 putto 1/1 sokkhaM icchai Adi / (ka) (kha) 3. rAjA kA putra rAma ko praNAma karatA hai / (ka) rAiNo 6 / 1 putto rAmaM 2/1 paNamai / Adi / rAiko 1 / 1 putto rAmaM 2 / 1 paNamai / Adi / (kha) (ka) kha) tuha 6 / 1 potto 1/1 gharaM gacchai / Adi / tumhakero/tumheccayo 1/1 potto 1 / 1 gharaM gacchai / Adi / 4. para kA sukha merA sukha hai I parassa 6/1 suhaM mama 6/1 suhaM atthi / Adi / pararaM/pAraM/parakaM/pArakkaM 1/1 suhaM mama 6/1 suhaM atthi / Adi / 'vva' pratyaya : (hema. - 2 / 150 ) 'kI taraha' vyakta karane ke lie vva (a) pratyaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise mahurAvvamahuravva pADaliputte pAsAyA saMti (mathurA kI taraha pATalIputra prasAda haiM) 5. 'illa' aura 'ulla' pratyaya : (hema - 2/163) 'amuka meM vidyamAna / sthita' artha meM prAkRta- saMjJA zabdoM meM 'illa' aura 'ulla' pratyaya prayoga meM Ate haiM / jaise (ka) gAma + illa gAmilla (vi.) gAmillo (pu.) gAmillaM (napu.) gAmillI (strI.) (gA~va meM vidyamAna ) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya - avyaya (53)

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pura + illa heTTha + illa uvari + illa (kha) appa + ulla taru + ulla nayara + ulla (54) hai / (ka) sohA + illa = (kha) viyAra + ulla = chAyA > chAA + illa 5.1 'illa' aura 'ulla' pratyaya ('vAlA' artha meM ) : (hema - 2 / 159 ) 'vAlA' artha batalAne ke lie 'illa' aura 'ulla' kA prayoga bhI kiyA jAtA = sohilla (vi.) ( zobhA yukta) chAilla (vi.) ( chAyA yukta) viyArulla (vi.) (vicAra vAlA / vicAravAna ) dappa + ulla dappulla (vi.) (darpa vAlA / darpavAna) 5.2 'illa' aura 'ulla' pratyaya ( svArthika rUpa meM ) : (hema 2/164) illa aura ulla kA svArthika pratyaya ke rUpa meM bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| (ka) pallava + illa pura + illa = purilla (vi.) purillo (pu.) purillaM (napu.) purillI (strI.) ( nagara meM vidyamAna ) = lla (vi.) hello (pu.) heTThillaM (pu.) heTThillI (strI.) (nIce vidyamAna ) = uvarilla (vi.) uvarillo (pu.) uvarillaM (napu.) uvarillI (strI.) (Upara vidyamAna ) appulla (vi.) appullo (pu.) appullaM (napu.) appullI (strI.) (AtmA meM vidyamAna ) tarulla (vi.) tarullo (pu.) tarullaM (napu.) tarullI (strI.) ( per3a meM vidyamAna ) nayarulla (vi.) nayarullo (pu.) nayarullaM (napu.) nayarullI (strI.) ( nagara meM vidyamAna ) pallavilla (pu.) athavA pallava (pattA) purilla (napu.) athavA pura (nagara) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita- strIpratyaya-avyaya

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(kha) muha + ulla = muhulla (napu.) athavA muha (mukha) hattha + ulla = hatthulla (pu., napu.) athavA hattha (hAtha) 6. 'huttaM' pratyaya : (hema - 2/158) kisI kriyA kI gaNanA karane ke lie huttaM (a) kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise - tihuttaM = tIna bAra, sayahuttaM = sau bAra ardhamAgadhI meM khutto (kkhutto) (a) kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise - tikhutto/tikkhutto = tIna bAra, sahasakhutto/sahasakkhutto = hajAra bAra 7. 'imA', 'ttaNa', 'tta' aura 'tA' pratyaya : (hema - 2/154) bhAvavAcaka saMjJA banAne ke lie 'imA' aura 'ttaNa' pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| vikalpa se 'tta' aura 'tA' bhI jor3A jAtA hai| jaise - pINa + imA = pINimA (strI.) pINa + ttaNa = pINattaNa (napu.) pINa + ta - pINatta (napu.) puSTatA pINa + tA = pINatA (strI.) > pINayA puppha + imA = pupphimA (strI.) puppha + ttaNa = pupphattaNa (napu.) puppha + tta - pupphatta (napu.) puSpatA puppha + tA = puSphatA (strI.) > pupphayA 8. 'ittia' pratyaya : (hema - 2/156) parimANa artha prakaTa karane ke lie ittiya pratyaya ja, ta, eta meM jor3A jAtA hai| jaise - + + + prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (55)

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ja + ittia = jittia (vi.) (jitanA) ta + ittia = tittia (vi.) (utanA) eta + ittia = ittia (vi.) (itanA) (isameM eta kA lopa huA hai|) 8.1 ettia, ettila, eddaha pratyaya : (hema - 2/157) ka, ja, ta, eta meM parimANArthaka pratyaya ettia, ettila, eddaha jor3e jAte haiN| jaise - + + + 555 + + J7/84) J1/84) ka + ettia = kettia (vi.) (kitanA) kettia > kittiana ka + ettila = kettila (vi.) (kitanA) kettila > kittila ka + egraha = keddaha (vi.) (kitanA) keddaha > kidaha 47 ja + ettia = jettia (vi.) (jitanA) jettia > jittia - (hemaja + ettila = jettila (vi.) (jitanA) jettila > jittila / ja + eddaha - jeddaha (vi.) (jitanA) jeddaha > jiddaha ta + ettia = tettia (vi.) (utanA) tettia > tittia 7 ta + ettila - tettila (vi.) (utanA) tettila > tittila (hemata + eddaha = teddaha (vi.) (utanA) teddaha > tiddaha etaH + ettia = ettia (vi.) (itanA), eta + ettila - ettila (vi.) (itanA) | [eta kA lopa ho jAtA hai|] eta + eddaha = eddaha (vi.) (itanA) / 9. Ala, illa, ulla, Ala, vanta, manta, itta, ira, maNa pratyaya : (hema-2/159) vAlA artha batalAne ke lie uparyukta pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| jaise - (ka) dayA + Alu = dayAlu (vi.) (dayAvAlA, dayAvAna) neha + Alu - nehAlu (vi.) (snehavAlA, snehavAna) (kha) sohA + illa = sohilla (vi.) (zobhAvAlA, zobhAvAna) chAA + illa = chAilla (vi.) (chAyAvAlA, chAyAvAna) (56) prAkatavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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(ga) viyAra + ulla dappa + ulla (gha) rasa + Ala sadda + Ala (ca) dhaNa + vanta bhatti + vanta (cha) siri + manta puNya + manta (ja) kavva + itta mANa + itta (Ta) gavva + ira reha + ira = 1 anna + = ka + = = = = = = NANa + to + do phala + to + do = viyArulla (vi.) (vicAravAlA, vicAravAna ) dappulla (vi.) (darpavAlA, darpavAna ) (Tha) dhaNa + maNa sohA + maNa 10. tto, do, o pratyaya : (hema - 2 / 160 ) paMcamI arthaka pratyaya to, do, o saMjJA, sarvanAma aura vizeSaNa zabdoM meM jor3e jAte haiM / nirmita zabda avyaya hote haiN| jaise rasAla (vi.) (rasavAlA, rasavAna) saddAla (vi.) (zabdavAlA, zabdavAna) dhaNavanta (vi.) ( dhanavAlA, dhanavAna ) bhattivanta (vi.) (bhaktivAlA, bhaktivAna ) + sirimanta (vi.) (zrImAn) puNyamanta (vi.) (puNyavAlA, puNyavAna ) kavvaitta (vi.) (kAvyavAlA, kAvyavAna ) mANaitta (vi.) (mAnavAlA, mAnavAna) gavvira (vi.) (garvavAlA, garvavAna ) rehira (vi.) (rekhAvAlA, rekhAvAna) dhaNamaNa (vi.) ( dhanavAlA, dhanavAna ) sohAmaNa (vi.) (zobhAvAlA, zobhAvAna) savva + to do + eka + tto + do + o to do + o + + o NANatto, NANado, NANao ( jJAnapUrvaka ) o + o to + do + o ja + tto do o + + = = = = = katto, kado, kao (kahA~ se) jatto, jado, jao (jahA~ se) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya - = = phalatto, phalado, phalao ( phalasvarUpa ) savvatto, savvado, savvao (saba ora se ) ekatto, ekado, ekao (eka ora se ) annatto, annado, annao (dUsare se / dUsarI tarapha se ) (57)

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ta + tto + do + o = tatto, tado, tao (vahA~ se) i + to + do + o = itto, ido, io (yahA~ se) 11. hi, ha, aura ttha pratyaya : (hema - 2/161) saptamI arthaka sthAnavAcI pratyaya hi, ha aura ttha sarvanAmoM meM tathA vizeSaNoM meM prayoga kiye jAte haiM / nirmita zabda avyaya hote haiN| jaise - ja + hi + ha + ttha = jahi, jaha, jattha (jisa sthAna meM/para) ta + hi + ha + ttha = tahi, taha, tattha (usa sthAna meM/para) ka + hi + ha + ttha = kahi, kaha, kattha (kisa sthAna meM/para) anna + hi + ha + ttha = annahi, annaha, annattha (anya sthAna meM/para) savva + hi + ha + ttha = savvahi, savvaha, savvattha (saba sthAna meM/para) 12. si, siaM aura iyA pratyaya : (hema - 2/162) eka samaya ke artha meM si, siaM aura iyA pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| nirmita zabda avyaya hote haiN| jaise - ekka + si ekkasi / ekka + siaM - ekksi| [eka samaya = egayA ] ekka + iyA = ekkaiyA / 13. svArthika pratyaya : (hema - 2/170) (i) Alia pratyaya : mIsa + Alia = mIsAlia (vi.) (saMyukta) athavA mIsa (vi.) (ii) ra pratyaya : (hema - 2/171) dIha + ra = dIhara (vi.) (lambA ) athavA dIha (vi.) (iii) la pratyaya : (hema - 2/173) (58) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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yaha pratyaya vijju (strI.), patta (napu.), pIa (pu.), andha (vi.) meM vikalpa se jor3A jAtA hai| jaise - vijju + la patta pIa + andha + la (v) la nava + lla eka + lla ka. + la kha. ga. (iv) lla pratyaya : (hema - 2/165) yaha pratyaya nava (vi.), eka (vi.) ina zabdoM meM vikalpa se jor3A jAtA hai / jaise - - = * vijjula > vijjulA (strI.) athavA vijju (strI.) (bijalI) = 5 = = pattala (napu.) athavA patta (napu.) (pattA) pIala (pu.) athavA pIa (pu.) (pIlA raMga ) pIala (vi.) athavA pIa (vi.) (pIle varNa vAlA) andhala (vi.) athavA andha (vi.) (andhA) = yaha pratyaya saMjJA aura vizeSaNa meM vikalpa se jor3A jAtA hai| jaise navalla (vi.) athavA nava (vi.) (nUtana) ekalla (vi.) athavA eka (vi.) (akelA ) a, illa aura ulla pratyaya : canda + a hiaya + a gayaNa + a bahua + a pallava + illa pura illa muha + ulla hattha + ulla = gayaNaa (napu.) athavA gayaNa (napu. ) ( gagana) bahuaa (vi.) athavA bahua (vi.) (bahuta) pallavilla (pu.) athavA pallava (pu.) (pattA) purilla (napu.) athavA pura (napu.) (nagara) muhulla (napu.) athavA muha (napu.) (mukha) hatthulla (pu., napu.) athavA hattha (pu., napu.) (hAtha) 113 candaa (pu.) athavA canda (pu.) ( candramA) hiayaa (napu.) athavA hiaya (napu.) (hRdaya) = prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita-strIpratyaya - avyaya (59)

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(vi) ttA athavA yA pratyaya : ardhamAgadhI meM ttA athavA yA vikalpa se jor3A jAtA hai| jaise - gavesaNa + ttA = gavesaNattA/gavesaNayA (strI.) (anveSaNa) athavA gaveSaNa (pu., napu.) aNukaMpaNa + ttA = aNukaMpaNatA/aNukaMpaNayA (strI.) (anukampA) athavA aNukaMpaNa (pu., napu.) 14. tara (ara) aura tama (ama) pratyaya athavA Iyasa aura iTTha pratyaya jaba do vastuoM kI tulanA kI jAtI hai to vizeSaNa tulanAtmaka kahalAtA hai aura vizeSaNa ke Age ara yA Iyasa pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| jisase vizeSatA dikhAI jAtI hai usameM paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise -- maMtI nariMdatto/nariMdAo Adi paDuaro/paDIyaso atthi (maMtrI rAjA se catura hai|) jaba bahuta meM se eka kA atizaya batAyA jAtA hai to vastuoM kI tulanA karake eka kI vizeSatA batAI jAtI hai| yaha atizayabodhaka vizeSaNa kahalAtA hai aura vizeSaNa ke Age ama yA iTTha pratyaya lagAyA jAtA hai / jinase vizeSatA batAI jAtI hai unameM SaSThI yA saptamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise - chattANaM/chattesu rAmo paDuamo/paDiTTho atthi (chAtroM meM rAma kuzalatama haiN|) noTa: ara aura ama pratyaya sabhI vizeSaNoM ke sAtha lagAe jA sakate haiM kintu Iyasa aura iTTha pratyayoM ko prayogoM ke AdhAra para samajhA jAnA caahie| tikkha (teja) tikkhaara tikkhaama piya (priya) piyaara piyaama ahia (adhika) ahiaara ahi aama guru (guru) garIyasa gariTTha dhanI (dhanI) dhammI (dharmAtmA) dhanIyasa dhammIasa dhaniTTha/dhaNi? dhammiTTha (60) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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pAvIyasa pAviTTha pAvI (pApI) ujjala (ujjvala) ujjalaara ujjalaama appa (thor3A ) appaara appaama 15. manta pratyaya : vaNNa + manta vAna yA vAlA artha ke lie ardhamAgadhI ke lie manta pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai| manta pratyaya jor3ate samaya ma ke sthAna para vikalpa se va ho jAtA hai| jaise - vaNNamanta/vaNNavanta (pu.) (varNa vAlA) bhaga + manta bhagamanta/bhagavanta (pu.) (aizvarya vAlA) ardhamAgadhI meM prathamA eka vacana meM bhagavanto ke sAtha bhagavaM bhI banatA hai| vikalpa se ta kA lopa aura n kA anusvAra hone se bhagavaM rUpa banA hai| isI prakAra vaNNavanto meM vikalpa se ta kA lopa aura n kA anusvAra hone se vaNNavaM rUpa bnegaa| prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (61)

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strI-pratyaya prAkRta bhASA meM strIliMga zabda do prakAra ke hote haiM : 1. mUla strIliMga zabda : 2. pratyaya ke yoga se bane hue strIliMga zabda : 1). mUla strIliMga zabda - jina zabdoM kA artha hI strIvAcaka ho aura jinake rUpa pulliMga aura napuMsakaliMga meM nahIM calate haiM / unako mUla strIvAcaka zabda kahate haiN| jaise - latA, mAlA, lacchI, kahA, gaMgA aadi| 2). pratyaya ke yoga se bane hue strIliMga zabda - ve zabda jo mUla se strIvAcaka nahIM hote haiM, kintu unameM strI-pratyaya jor3a dene se strIliMga kI taraha vyavahAra meM lAye jA sakate haiN| aise zabdoM ke rUpa pulliMga va strIliMga donoM meM calate haiN| ataH 'strI-pratyaya ve pratyaya haiM jinake lagane para pulliMga zabda strIliMga zabda ho jAte haiN|" prAkRta meM pramukhatayA A aura I strI pratyaya ke rUpa meM kAma Ate haiN| jaise - (ka) bAla (pu.) - bAlaka, bAla + A = bAlA (strI.) - bAlikA koila (pu.) - koyala, koila + A = koilA (strI.) - kokilA taNaya (pu.) - putra, taNaya + A = taNayA (strI.) - putrI / mUsiya (pu.) - cUhA, mUsiya + A = mUsiyA (strI.) - cUhI aya (pu.) - bakarA, aya + A = ayA (strI.)- bakarI vaccha (pu.) - bachar3A, vaccha + A = vacchA (strI.) - bachar3I 1 abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa dvArA DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, pRSTha 143 (62) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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dhavala (pu.) - baila, dhavala + A = dhavalA (strI.) - gAya Nattia (pu.) -potA/dohitA, Nattia+ A = NattiA (strI.) - potI/dohitI Ayariya (pu.) - AcArya, Ayariya + A = AyariyA (strI.) - AcAryA uvajjhAya(pu.) - upAdhyAya, uvajjhAya + A = uvajjhAyA (strI.) - upAdhyAyA sissa (pu.) - ziSya, sissa + A = sissA (strI.)- ziSyA kusala(vi.)(pu., napu.)- kuzala, kusala+A =kusalA(vi.)(strI.)-kuzala niuNa (vi.)(pu., napu.)-nipuNa,niuNa+A- niuNA (vi.)(strI.) - nipuNa caura (vi.) (pu., napu.) - catura, caura + A = caurA (vi.)(strI.)- catura (kha) haMsa (pu.) - haMsa, haMsa + I = haMsI (strI.) - haMsinI hariNa (pu.) - hiraNa, hariNa + I = hariNI (strI.) - hiraNI kuMbhaAra (pu.) - kumhAra, kuMbhaAra + I = kuMbhaArI (strI.) - kumhArina kisora (pu.) - yuvaka, kisora + I = kisorI (strI.) - yuvatI kumAra (pu.) - kumAra, kumAra + I = kumArI (strI.) - kumArI NAga (pu.) - sarpa, NAga + I = NAgI (strI.), - sarpiNI sIha (pu.) - zera, siMha + I = sIhI (strI.), - zeranI taruNa (pu.) - yuvaka, taruNa + I = taruNI (strI.) - yuvatI dhIvara (pu.) - machuA, dhIvara + I = dhIvarI (strI.) - machuArina mAula (pu.) - mAmA, mAula + I = mAulI (strI.) - mAmI piAmaha (pu.) - dAdA, piAmaha + I = piAmahI (strI.) - dAdI tittira (pu.) - tItara, tittira + I = tittirI (strI.) - tItarI maUra (pu.) - mora, maUra + I = maUrI (strI.) - moranI prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (63)

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siyAla (pu.) - gIdar3a, siyAla + I = siyAlI (strI.) - gIdar3I NaDa (pu.) - naTa, NaDa + I = NaDI (strI.) - naTI viusa (vi.)-(pu., napu.) - vidvAn, viusa + I = viusI(strI.)- viduSI sattama (vi.) - (pu., napu.) - sAtavAM, sattama + I = sattamI (strI.)- sAtavIM dasama (vi.) - (pu., napu.) - dasavAM, dasama + I = dasamI (strI.) - dasavIM (ga) kucha zabdoM meM 'I' pratyaya jor3ane se pahale 'ANa' pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai| jaiseidaM (pu.) - indra, iMda + ANa + I = iMdANI (indra kI patnI) mAula (pu.) - mAmA, mAula + ANa + I = mAulANI (mAmA kI strI) bhava (.) - ziva, bhava + ANa + I = bhavANI (ziva kI patnI/pArvatI) rudda (pu.) - ziva, rudda + ANa + I = ruddANI (durgA) uvajjhAya (pu.) - upAdhyAya, uvajjhAya + ANa + I = uvajjhAyANI (upAdhyAyA) Ayariya (pu.) - AcArya, Ayariya + ANa + I = AyariyANI (AcAryA) (gha) kucha zabdoM meM 'A' aura 'I' donoM jor3e jA sakate haiN| jaise -- nIla + A = nIlA, nIla + I = nIlI kAla + A = kAlA, kAla + I = kAlI hasa+mANa+ A = hasamANA, hasa+mANa+I = hasamANI (haMsatI huI) hasa + nta + A = hasantA, hasa + nta + I = hasantI (haMsatI huI) (ca) 'A' pratyaya jor3ate samaya yadi zabda ke anta meM 'ka' ( a/ga) ho aura pUrva meM 'a' ho to a ke sthAna i ho jAtA hai| jaise - bAlaa (pu.) bAlaka, bAlaa + A = bAliA (bAlikA) gAyaa (pu.) gAyaka, gAyaa + A = gAyiA (gAyikA) (64) prAkatavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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NAyaa (pu.) nAyaka, NAyaa + A = NAyiA (nAyikA) NADaga (pu.) nATaka, NADaga + A = NADigA (nATikA) govAlaya (pu.) gvAlA, govAlaya + A = govAliyA (gopAlikA) pAlaya (pu.) pAlane vAlA, pAlaya + A = pAliA (pAlane vAlI) NaTTaa/paTTaga(pu.)nAcane vAlA, NaTTa/paTTaga+A NaTTiA/paTTigA (nAcane vAlI) kucha adhyayanIya zabda : pulliMga strIliMga juva (javAna) juvaI (yuvatI) juvANa (taruNa) juvANI (taruNI) hatthi (hAthI) hatthiNI (hathiNI) sAmi (svAmI) sAmiNI (svAminI) seTThi (seTha) seTThiNI (seThANI) pai (pati) bhajjA (patnI) piu (pitA) mAyA (mAtA) purisa (puruSa) itthi (strI) bhAu (bhAI) bahiNI (bahina) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (65)

Page #75
avyaya avyaya ve zabda haiM jinake rUpa sabhI liGgoM, sabhI vibhaktiyoM aura sabhI vacanoM meM eka samAna rahate haiM, arthAt liGga, vibhakti aura vacana ke anusAra jina zabdoM ke rUpoM meM vyaya (ghaTatI-bar3hatI) na ho, ve avyaya haiN| avyaya pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. upasarga, 2. kriyAvizeSaNa, 3. samuccayabodhaka 4. manovikAra sUcaka aura 5. atirikta avyy| uvasagga (upasarga) jo avyaya kriyA, saMjJA yA vizeSaNa zabdoM ke pUrva jor3e jAte haiM, ve upasarga kahalAte haiN| isa taraha ve nAma aura kriyA donoM se yukta hote haiN|' upasarga lagAne se zabdoM ke artha meM vizeSatA A jAtI hai| 1. kabhI upasarga zabda ke mukhyArtha ko samApta karake navIna artha kA bodha karAtA hai, jaise - sarai = yAda karatA hai, visarai = bhUla jAtA hai athavA jaya = jIta tathA parAjaya = hAra / harai = le jAtA hai, avaharai = curAtA hai, paharai = mAratA hai, viharai = vihAra karatA hai aadi| 2. kabhI upasarga saMjJA aura kriyA meM vizeSatA lA dete haiN| jaise - gamaNa = jAnA tathA aNugamaNa = pIche jAnA, dussa = dveSa karanA tathA padUsa = dveSa krnaa| 3. kabhI upasarga saMjJA aura kriyA kA anusaraNa karatA hai| jaise - vasai = rahatA hai, ahivasai = rahatA hai, jaya = jIta, vijaya = jiit| prAkRta meM nimnalikhita upasarga parigaNita haiN| upasargoM ke vibhinna prayoga prAkRta koSa se jAnanA caahie| kucha upasargoM ke sAmAnya prayoga nimnalikhita haiM - (66) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #76
saMjJA vizeSaNa 1. upasarga kriyA pa pabhAsei (prakAzita karatA hai) parA parAmarisai (vicAra karatA hai) pasiddhi (khyAti) pasiddha (prasiddha) parAjiya (harAyA huA) 2. parAhava (hAra) 3. ava avaharaNa (apaharaNa) avasariya (pIche haTAyA huA) avaharai (chIna letA hai) avabhAsai (camakatA hai) 4. ava avaboha (jJAna) avaiNNa (nIce AyA huA) 5. saM saMgahai (saMgraha karatA hai) saMgama (mela) saMgahiya (saMgRhIta) aNugAmi (anusaraNa karane vAlA) 6. aNu aNugamai (aNusaraNa karatA hai) 7. vi viANai (jAnatA hai) 8. su surahai (sugandhi karatA hai) aNurAga (sneha) viANa (vijJAna) vipphulla (vikasita) suguru (acchA guru) suaNu (sundara zarIra vAlA) ucchava (utsava) uggama (utpanna) aikkama (ullaMghana) aisaya (bahuta) 9. u uggahai (grahaNa karatA hai) 10. ai aigamai (gamana karatA hai) 11. pari paribhAvai (unnata karatA hai) 12. uva uvagAi ___ (guNagAna karatA hai) pariosa (saMtoSa) parikaMpira (vizeSa kA~pane vAlA) uvaAra (upakAra) uvahasia (upahAsa kiyA gayA) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (67)

Page #77
saMjJA ANA (AjJA) upasarga kriyA 13. A Aruhai (Upara car3hatA hai) 14. ahi ahigamai (adhi) (jAnatA hai) 15. ahi ahisiMcai (abhi) (abhiSeka karatA hai) 16. du dugacchai (ghRNA karatA hai) vizeSaNa ArAhiya (sevita) ahiTThiya (adhIna kiyA huA) ahiTThANa (Azraya) ahimANa (abhimAna) ahitapta (tapAyA huA) dukkama (pApa) duggama (jo kaThinAI se jAnA jAtA hai) 17. Ni Nikkheviya (sthApita) Niacchai (niyaMtraNa karatA hai) paDihAi (mAlUma hotA hai) NigguNa (nirguNa) paDipaha (viparIta rAstA) 18. paDi paDibuddha (jAgRta) kriyAvizeSaNa kriyA meM kisI prakAra kI vizeSatA utpanna karane vAle zabda kriyA-vizeSaNa hote haiM / kriyAvizeSaNoM ko nimna prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai| 1. sthAnavAcaka kriyAvizeSaNa avyaya ettha/etthaM = yahA~ tattha = vahA~ kattha = kahA~ savvattha = saba jagaha meM aNNatta ___ = dUsarI jagaha meM (68) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #78
= yahA~ kao io = kahA~ se - yahA~ se __ kahA~ kahiM jattha __ jahA~ katthai = kahIM para/kisI jagaha - saba ora se savvao (ii) uvari/avariM/ avari/uvari / aha/ahe/ahattA Upara = nIce pacchA aggao pichalA bhAga/pIche kI ora = Age/sAmane = Age purao bahiyA/bahi/ bahiM/bahittA / __ bAhara anto bhItara samayA pAsa uppiM abhito/abhido = Upara = cAroM ora se prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (69)

Page #79
vAkya-prayoga (i) 1. ahaM ettha/etthaM vsmi| - maiM yahA~ rahatA huuN| 2. tumaM tattha vshi| -- tuma vahA~ rho| 3. paramesaro savvattha asthi| = paramezvara saba jagaha meM hai| 4. so aNNatta go| vaha dUsarI jagaha meM gyaa| 5. iha nareNa koho na kriavvo| - yahA~ (isa loka meM) manuSya ke dvArA krodha nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| 6. tuma kao majjha phalANi tuma kahA~ se mere lie phaloM ko lhihisi| prApta karoge? 7. vimANaM io uddddihii| = vimAna yahA~ se udd'egaa| 8. so kahiM/kattha vsi| vaha kahA~ rahatA hai? 9. ammi jattha vasAmi tattha so vi = maiM jahA~ rahatA hU~, vahA~ vaha bhI vsi| rahatA hai| 10. katthai mehA gjjnti| = kahIM para megha garajate haiN| 11. sattUhiM so savvao pddiruddho| - zatruoM ke dvArA vaha saba ora se roka liyA gyaa| (ii) 1. eso pakkhI uvari/uvari/avari/ = yaha pakSI Upara ur3atA hai| avari uddddei| 2. pattharA aha/ahe/ahattA = patthara nIce dekhe gye| dekkhiaa| 3. tumaM rahassa pacchA gcchhi| - tuma ratha ke pIche jaao| 4. so rahassa aggao/purao - vaha ratha ke Age/sAmane clegaa| clihii| 5. bAlao dhAvanto gharAo bahiyA/ = bAlaka daur3atA huA ghara se bAhara gyaa| bahi/bahiM/bahittA go| 6. so dhAvanto mamaM samayA aavi| - vaha daur3atA huA mere pAsa AtA hai| 7. tassa gharo gAmAo dUraM atthi| usakA ghara gA~va se dUra hai| 8. tuma anto kiM gao? tuma bhItara kyoM gaye? 9. bAlao uppiM kakkhAe gcchi| - bAlaka Upara kakSA meM jAtA hai| 10. NayarajaNehiM kukkurA abhito/ = logoM ke dvArA kutte cAroM ora se abhido bNdhiaa| bAMdha diye gye| (70) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #80
___2. kAlavAcaka kriyAvizeSaNa avyaya iyANiM/iyANi = isa samaya tayANi/tayANiM __= usa samaya jaiyA = jaba kaiyA kaba = taba jaba taka kaba = phira ekkasi/ekkasi] egaiyA/egayA / kalliM eka samaya meM = Ane vAlA kala/ gayA huA kala = AgAmI kala page = prAtaH kAla ajja/ajja Aja pAyaM prabhAta sAyaM paidiNaM NattaM saMdhyA samaya = pratidina = rAta ke samaya = rAta meM dosA prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (71)

Page #81
divA ahuNA = dina meM - aba/abhI/isa samaya pahale/pUrva meM = zIghra zIghra/turanta lahuM ekkasariyaM jhatti/jhaDatti zIghra ciraM dIrgha kAla taka sajja/sajja puvi/puvviM zIghra = pUrva meM/pahale = kabhI nahIM kayAvi na pacchA bAda meM aNaMtaraM = bAda meM = sadA/nitya NiccaM vAkya-prayoga isa samaya tuma ghara para hI tthhro| jaba vaha vidyAlaya jAve, taba tuma usako ve pustakeM de denaa| (i) 1. iyANiM/iyANi tumaM gihe eva = citttth| 2. jaiyA so vijjAlayaM gacchau, = taiyA tumaM tassa tANi potthaANi dehi| 3. jAva tumaM gharaM patto tayANi/ __- tayANiM ahaM ghare na aasi| 4. tumaM kAhe gharaM gcchihisi| 5. jaM mehA gajjanti tA morA nnccnti| jaba tuma ghara pahu~ce, usa samaya maiM ghara para nahIM thaa| tuma kaba ghara para jaaoge| jaba megha garajate haiM, taba mora nAcate haiN| (72) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #82
6. ekkasiaM / ekkasi / egaiyA / gayA kammavasao puNo cauro vivarA miliA / (ii) 1. tumaM kalliM kattha gacchIa / 2. tumaM suve kammi ThANe vasihisi / 3. ahaM page sayA ujjANe bhamAmi / 4. tumaM ajja taM uvayarahi, kalliM ahaM tumaM uvayarissaM / 5. ahaM pAyaM paramesarassa bhattiM karAmi | = 6. sAyaM dAraM mA ugghADahi, kIDagA antarA Agamissanti / 7. paidiNaM tai phalAI khAavvAI / 8. NattaM so pahuM sumarai / 9. bAlao dosA lahuM sayaNAya gao / 10. divA sUrapayAso tivvo bhavai / 11. teNa jhatti / jhaDatti / ekasariyaM lukkiaM / 12. corA ciraM dukkhANi pAvissanti / 13. tumaM sajja / sajjaM gharaM gaccha / 14. puvvi/puvviM tumaM bhoyaNaM karahi pacchA gAyaNaM gAhi / 15. kayAvi na hiMsAvAI bhava / 16. tumaM puvviM Agacchahi, anaMtaraM ahaM AgamissAmi / 17. NiccaM saccaM vadahi / = = eka samaya meM karma ke vaza se phira cAroM hI vara mila gaye / tuma kala kahA~ gaye the / tuma (AgAmI) kala kisa sthAna meM rahoge / maiM prAtaH kAla sadaiva bagIce meM bhramaNa karatA hU~ / tuma Aja usakA upakAra karo, kala maiM tumhArA upakAra karU~gA / maiM prabhAta meM paramezvara kI bhakti karatA hU~ / saMdhyA samaya dvAra mata kholo, kIr3e andara A jAyeMge / pratidina tumhAre dvArA phala khAye jAne caahie| rAta ke samaya vaha prabhu kA smaraNa karatA hai / bAlaka rAta meM zIghra sone ke lie gyaa| dina meM sUrya kA prakAza teja hotA hai / usake dvArA zIghra chipA gyaa| cora dIrghakAla taka duHkhoM ko paayeNge| tuma zIghra ghara jAo / pahale tuma bhojana karo, bAda meM gAnA gaanaa| kabhI bhI hiMsAvAdI na bano / tuma pahale A jAo, bAda meM maiM A jAU~gA / sadA satya bolo| prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita- strIpratyaya-avyaya (73)

Page #83
3. prakAravAcaka kriyAvizeSaNa avyaya samma bhalI prakAra itthaM isa prakAra evaM isa prakAra jahA/jaha jisa prakAra tahA/taha usa prakAra taheva jaheva saNiaM usI prakAra jisa prakAra dhIre-dhIre aNNahA anyathA jaha-tahA - jaise-taise = kisa prakAra kahaM/kaha bahuso bahuta prakAra se bahuhA prAyaH vAkya-prayoga 1. kajjakaraNeNa puvviM tumaM sammaM ciNthi| - kArya karane se pahale tuma bhalI prakAra se cintana kro| 2. bAlaeNa kahA itthaM jaannijji| - bAlaka ke dvArA kathA isa prakAra samajhI jAtI hai| 3. evaM maMtiNA vivAyo bhggo| isa prakAra maMtrI dvArA vivAda naSTa kiyA gyaa| 4. jahA/jaha so suhaM icchai tahA/taha - jisa prakAra vaha sukha cAhatA hai, usI ahaM vi suhaM icchaami| prakAra maiM bhI sukha cAhatA huuN| (74) prAkatavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

Page #84
5. jaheva mAyA putaM pAlai taheva nariMdo - jisa prakAra mAtA putra ko pAlatI hai, rajaM paali| usI prakAra rAjA rAjya ko pAlatA hai| 6. he putta ! saNiyaM cala aNNahA he putra ! dhIre calo, anyathA gira pddihisi| jaaoge| 7. so jaha-tahA gharaM go| vaha jaise-taise ghara gyaa| 8. muNI kahaM/kaha jhaaai| - muni kisa prakAra dhyAna karate haiN| 9. tumaM bahuso appapiyajaNaM vddhaavsi| - tuma bahuta prakAra se apane priyajana ko badhAI dete ho| 10. bahuhA bAlao mAyaM paDi sanehaM kri| - prAyaH bAlaka mAtA kI tarapha sneha karatA hai| 4. vividha kriyAvizeSaNa avyaya (i) uttarao = uttara se puha/pihaM = alaga IsI/IsiM/Isi maNayaM thor3A thor3A thor3A avazya kiMci avasaM ahavA athavA = basa, paryApta = svayaM alaM sayaM ao saha/saddhiM/samaM samaya/samaM = isalie/isa kAraNa se = sAtha = sAtha samayA = samIpa muhA = vyartha prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (75)

Page #85
(76) viNA varaM / Navara Navari sahasA /sahasatti eva jai NUNa /NUNaM jao NANA taM jahA khalu jaM No// vi tao/tato/tatto tae tIaM paraM paropparaM / parupparaM puravi jeNa atIva = = = = = !! 1 1=3 = 1=3 binA kevala bAda meM ekadama hI = yadi nizcaya kyoMki jisase aneka parantu paraspara meM/ Apasa meM phira jisase bahuta prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya udAharaNArtha nizcayapUrvaka kyoMki nahIM isake pazcAt tatpazcAt atIta

Page #86
kiNNaM - kyoM kiNo kyoM, kisalie la2 ekabAra sayA = sadA = phira asai/asaiM/] asaI = bAra-bAra/anekabAra puNa-puNa = bAra-bAra/phira-phira muhu/muhaM bAra-bAra eyahuttaM = eka bAra (iii) suhaM (2/1) = sukhapUrvaka duhaM (2/1) = dukhaHpUrvaka NeheNa (3/1) __= snehapUrvaka savvAyareNa(3/1) = pUrNa AdarapUrvaka vAkya-prayoga (i) 1. so uttarao aago| ___ - vaha uttara se aayaa| 2. imANi phalANi puha/pihaM krhi| = ina phaloM ko alaga kro| 3. IsI/IsiM/Isi dhammaM kuNeha, = (Apa) thor3A-thor3A dharma kareM, jao parabhavo saphalo bhvissi| jisase paraloka saphala ho jaayegaa| 4. tumaM maNayaM kajaM karahi, ahaM sesaM - tuma thor3A kArya karo, maiM zeSa kajaM krissaami| kArya kruuNgaa| 5. mai tassa kiMci phalANi dinnnnaaiN| = mere dvArA usako thor3e (kucha) phala diye gye| prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (77)

Page #87
6. avasaM ahaM paramesarasaraNaM avazya hI maiM paramezvara kI zaraNa gmissaami| meM jaauuNgaa| 7. tuma imaM potthaaM paDhahi ahavA = tuma isa pustaka ko par3ho athavA maiM ahaM taM pddhissN| usako pddhuuNgaa| 8. jhAANo mokkhAya alaM atthi| = dhyAna mokSa ke lie paryApta hai| 9. ahaM sayaM duhiyajaNANaM sevaM maiM svayaM duHkhI manuSyoM kI sevA krissN| kruuNgaa| 10. tumhArisI buddhI majjha Natthi, ao = tumhArI jaisI buddhi merI nahIM hai, ahaM imassa kajakaraNatthaM na smttho|| isalie maiM isa kArya ko karane ke lie samartha nahIM huuN| 11. so mitteNa saha/saddhiM/samaM = vaha mitra ke sAtha jAtA hai| gcchi| 12. sIyA rAmeNa samaya/samayaM vaNaM = sItA rAma ke sAtha vana meM jAtI hai| gcchi| 13. gAmaM samayA ekko taDAgo atthi| - gA~va ke samIpa eka tAlAba hai| 14. jalaM viNA Naro na jiivi| - jala ke binA manuSya nahIM jItA hai| 15. sIyalajaleNa eva NavaraM/Navara - zItala jala se hI kevala pyAsa tisA nnaasi| naSTa hotI hai| 16. Navari tuma ekkaM sandesaM ginnhhi| - bAda meM tuma eka sandeza grahaNa kro| 17. so sahasA/sahasatti gacchiuM - vaha sahasA jAne ke lie utthaa| uttttio| 18. so tattheva tthio| = vaha vahA~ hI tthhraa| 19. jai tumaM kahihisi tA ahaM bhoyaNaM = yadi tuma kahoge to maiM khAnA khaauuNgaa| khaahimi| 20. tumaM ujjameNa NUNa/YNaM dhaNaM - tuma prayatna ke kAraNa nizcaya hI dhana lbhihisi| prApta kroge| 21. tumaM vijaM geNhahi jao vijjAe = tuma vidyA ko grahaNa karo, kyoMki paiTThA hoi| vidyA se pratiSThA hotI hai| 22. teNa NANA gaMthA pddhiaa| - usake dvArA aneka grantha par3he gye| 23. vivAhamahUsave cauro jAmAyarA - vivAha mahotsava meM cAroM dAmAda khalu aagcchissnti| nizcaya hI aayeNge| 24. bAlao puSpANi toDai jaM - bAlaka phUloM ko tor3atA haiM, kyoMki bAlaassa phupphAiM roanti| bAlaka ko phUla acche lagate haiN| 25. sajjhAye pamAyo No/Na/Navi __= svAdhyAya meM pramAda nahIM kiyA jAnA kaayvvo| caahie| (78) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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26. tao/tato/tatto so mitaM kahei- = isake pazcAt (taba) vaha mitra se he mitta ! amhaM suhasajjA kA? kahatA hai - he mitra! hamAre lie sukha zayyA kyA hai? 27. pacchA pAvasiyAlA kumme paasNti| - bAda meM pApI siyAra kachuoM ko dekhate haiN| 28. saMpaI thirA Na hoi, paraM dhammo sayA = saMpati sthira nahIM hotI, parantu dharma thiro hoi| sadA sthira rahatA hai| 29. te paroppaMra/parupparaM jujjhnti| - ve Apasa meM lar3ate haiN| 30. puNaravi so bhajjaM khei| - phira vaha patnI ko kahatA hai| 31. tumaM samittassa pAsaM gacchahi, - tuma apane mitra ke pAsa jAo, jisase jeNa tassa duhiyamaNo ullsu| usakA duHkhI mana prasanna ho jaave| 32. amhANaM bappassa gurU vaNaM kiNNaM/= hamAre pitA ke gurU vana meM kyoM kiNo uvvsi| rahate haiN| 33. teNa tIaM jIvaNaM sumriaN| - usake dvArA bItA huA jIvana yAda kiyA gyaa| (ii) 1. aho parauvayArA paramesarA sai = para kA upakAra karane vAle he paramezvara ! tubbhe mamaM khmh| eka bAra Apa mujhe kSamA kreN| 2. bAlao mAyaM dekkhiUNaM asai/ = bAlaka mAtA ko dekhakara bAra-bAra asaiM/asaI kuddi| kUdatA hai| 3. teNa puNa tIe jaNayAdisamakkhaM = usake dvArA phira usake pitA Adi ke ciAmajjhe amayaraso mukko| samakSa citA ke madhya meM amRtarasa chor3A gyaa| 4. tuma eyahuttaM majjha eaM vatthu dehi, = tuma eka bAra mujhe yaha vastu de do, maiM ahaM puNa-puNa taM Na mggissN| bAra-bAra usakI yAcanA nahIM kruugaa| 5. muhu/muhaM musaM Na vdhi| bAra-bAra jhUTha mata bolo| (iii) 1. so suhaM (2/1) rmi| = vaha sukhapUrvaka ramaNa karatA hai| 2. so duhaM (2/1) jiivi| = vaha duHkhapUrvaka jItA hai| 3. so NeheNa (3/1) mittaM kokki| = vaha snehapUrvaka apane mitra ko bulAtA hai| 4. sisseNa savvAyareNa (3/1) gurU = ziSya ke dvArA pUrNa AdarapUrvaka guru pnnmio| praNAma kiyA gyaa| prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (79)

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samuccayabodhaka avyaya do yA adhika zabdoM yA vAkyoM ko jor3ane vAle avyaya samuccayabodhaka avyaya kahe jAte haiN| kucha nimnalikhata haiM ya, vA, kintu, jai, tahavi, teNa, jeNa, teNeva, jeNeva kiM, kiNNA, jAva, tAva, Ama/AmaM aadi| vAkya-prayoga 1. rAmo harI ya citttthnti| - rAma aura hari baiThate haiN| 2. rAyA maMtI vA viyaari| = rAjA athavA maMtrI vicAra karate haiN| 3. mai so kokkio, kintu so Na - mere dvArA vaha bulAyA gayA, lekina aago| vaha nahIM aayaa| 4. jai tuma kahasi tA ahaM gAmaM yadi tuma kahate ho, to maiM gA~va gcchihimi| jaauuNgaa| 5. jAva tumaM paDhihisi tAva ahaM tumaM = jaba taka tuma par3hoge taba taka maiM paalihimi| tumako paaluuNgaa| 6. teNa laviyaM - AmaM/Ama imo = usake dvArA kahA gayA -- hA~, yaha gAr3I sagaDatittiro vikkaayi| meM rakhA huA tItara becA jaayegaa| 7. tehi imo pucchio - kiM lbbhi| = unake dvArA yaha pUchA gayA - kyA prApta kiyA jAtA hai? 8. tumae gaMthA kiNNA lddhaa| tumhAre dvArA graMtha kaise prApta kiye gye| 9. jeNa attha bhamararuaM suNijjai teNa = cU~ki yahA~ bhavaroM kI AvAja sunI attha kamalavanaM jANijjai / jAtI hai, isalie kamalavana jAnA jAtA hai| 10. jai kAo paMkayavaNammi vasai = yadi kauA kamala-samUha meM rahatA hai, tahavi kAo kAo cciya vraao| phira bhI becArA kauA kauA hI (hai)| 11. amhANaM sAsU viusI asthi, - hamArI sAsU vidUSI hai, isalie vaha teNa sA bhoyaNe telaM dei, na ghyN| / bhojana meM tela detI hai, ghI nhiiN| 12. tumaM gharaM Agacchahi, jeNa mAyA = tuma ghara A jAo, jisase mAtA ullsu| prasanna ho| (80) prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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manovikArasUcaka avyaya harSa, kheda, dayA, zoka, krodha Adi vibhinna bhAvoM kI sUcanA dene vAle kucha nimna avyaya haiM - hA (kheda), hAhA (zoka), are (vismaya), dhi (dhikkAra), A (kheda, du:kha, krodha), ammo (Azcarya), khu (Azcarya), haMdi (viSAda yA khed)| vAkya-prayoga 1. dhi dujnnN| = durjana ko dhikkAra 2. hA rAvaNo rAmassa iisi| - kheda hai ki rAvaNa rAma se IrSyA karatA hai| 3. are duTTho maNuso sajjaNassa vi dohi| - vismaya hai ki duSTa manuSya sajjana se bhI droha karatA hai| 4. hA hA mAyA puttaviyoge aIva kNdiaa|= zoka hai ki mAtA putra viyoga meM atyanta royo| A tassa AyAro pasusariso atthi| - / kheda hai ki usakA AcaraNa pazu ke samAna hai| 6. ammo/khu harissa bhattI na bhaavi| - Azcarya hai ki hari ko bhakti acchI nahIM lgtii| 7. haMdi so nariMdassa iisi| viSAda yA kheda hai ki vaha rAjA se IrSyA karatA hai| atirikta avyaya kRdantoM meM hetvarthaka kRdanta aura sambandhaka kRdanta avyaya hote haiN| jaise - NacciuM/Adi (hetvarthaka kRdanta), NacciUNa/NaccittA/Adi (sambandhaka kRdnt)| prAkatavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka-taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya (81)

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huttaM pratyaya aura khutto pratyaya se bane zabda avyaya hote haiN| jaise - tihuttaM aura tikkhutto| paMcamIarthaka pratyaya avyaya hote haiN| jaise - savvatto, savvado, savvao (saba ora se) ekatto, ekado, ekao (eka ora se) anatto, annado, annAo (dUsaroM se) katto, kado, kao (kahA~ se) jatto, jado, jao (jahA~ se) tatto, tado, tao (vahA~ se) itto, ido, io (yahA~ se) saptamIarthaka sthAnavAcI pratyaya avyaya hote haiN| jaise - jahi, jaha, jattha (jisa sthAna meM) tahi, taha, tattha (usa sthAna meM) kahi, kaha, kattha (kisa sthAna meM) annahi, annaha, annattha (anya sthAna meM) savvahi, savvaha, savvattha (saba sthAna meM) eka samaya ke artha meM prayukta zabda avyaya hote haiN| jaise ekkasi/ ekasi/ekkaiyA/egayA = eka samaya avvaIbhAva samAsa avyaya hote hai| jaise - (i) uvaguruM = guruNo samIvaM (guru ke samIpa) (ii) aNubhoyaNaM = bhoyaNassa pacchA ( bhojana ke pazcAt) (82) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) 11. painayaraM nayaraM nayaraM ti ( pratinagara) paidiNaM paigharaM = ghare ghare tti (pratighara ) jahAsattiM = sattiM aNaikkamiUNa (zakti kI avahelanA na karake) (zakti ke anusAra) = = diNaM diNaM ti ( pratidina) (vii) jahAvihiM = vihiM aNaikkamiUNa (vidhi kI avahelanA na karake) (vidhi ke anusAra) vAkya-prayoga sA NacciUNaM / NaccittA Adi thakkIa / socci uTThio / ahaM tihuttaM / tikkhutto paramesaraM vaMdAmi / sattUhiM nariMdo savvatto / savvado / savvao paDiruddho / tumaM ekatto / ekado / ekao potthANi ANehi / jo annatto / annado / annao suhaM icchai, so saMtiM na lahai / vimA katto / ko/kao uDDiaM / tumaM jatto / jado, jao Agao, tattha jhatti gacchahi / ahaM itto / ido / io phalAI / kINiUNa gamissaM / tumaM jahi /jaha / jattha vasasi, tahi / taha/ tattha gacchahi / tuma kahi/kaha/ kattha vasasi / = == vaha nAcakara thkii| vaha nAcane ke lie uThA / maiM tIna bAra paramezvara kI vandanA karatA hU~ / zatruoM dvArA rAjA saba ora se roka liyA gayA / tuma eka ora se pustakoM ko laao| jo dUsaroM se sukha cAhatA hai, vaha zAMti prApta nahIM karatA hai| vimAna kahA~ se ur3A / tuma jahA~ se Aye, vahA~ zIghra pahu~co / maiM yahA~ se phala kharIdakara jAU~gA / tuma jisa sthAna meM rahate ho, vahA~ jAo / tuma kisa sthAna meM rahate ho ? prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita strIpratyaya-avyaya (83)

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12. mama sasA annahi/annaha/annattha - merI bahina anya sthAna meM rahatI hai| uvvsi| paramesaro savvahi/savvaha/savvattha = paramezvara saba sthAna meM rahatA hai| nnivsi| ekkasi/ekkasiaM/ekkaiyA/egayA = eka samaya hastinApura nagara meM nAnAhatthiNAure nayare sUranAmA rAyaputto guNa rUpI ranoM se yukta zUra nAmaka rAjaputra nANAguNarayaNasaMjutto vsiia| rahatA thaa| sisso uvaguruM citttthi| = ziSya guru ke samIpa baiThatA hai| so aNubhoyaNaM gharaM go| __= vaha bhojana ke pazcAt ghara gyaa| ahaM paidiNaM hariM sumrmi| = maiM pratidina hari kA smaraNa karatA huuN| sAhU paigharaM bhikkhatthaM gcchi| -- sAdhU pratighara bhikSA ke lie jAtA hai| tumaM jahAsattiM parovayAraM karahi / ___= tuma zakti ke anusAra paropakAra kro| tumae jahAvihiM kajaM krnniiyN| tumhAre dvArA vidhi ke anusAra kArya kiyA jAnA caahie| 17. 18. 19. 20. abhyAsa 1. eka bAra usakA pitA kArya ke prasaMga se videza gyaa| 2. taba vaha iMdradatta bhI apane putra ke sAtha vahA~ aayaa| 3. lekina vaha somadatta isake pazcAt usa prakAra kI sundaratama zilpakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM huaa| 4. taba logoM ke dvArA pRthvI khodI gii| 5. tuma jahA~ jAoge, vahA~ sukha hI pAoge / 6. yahA~ aneka prakAra ke sukha-duHkha haiN| 7. usakA ghara mere ghara ke sAmane hai| 8. isa prakAra vaha sukhapUrvaka samaya bitAtA hai| 9. usa kAla aura usa samaya meM rAjagRha nAmaka nagara thaa| 10. rAjagRha nagara ke bAhara sundara udyAna thaa| 11. jahA~ usakA ghara thA, vahA~ vaha jAtI hai| 12. ve donoM dhIre se nagara se bAhara nikle| 13. sItA rAma ke sAtha jaMgala meM gaI / 14. he putra! tuma bhI dUra cale jAoge to maiM tumhAre binA kaise rhuuNgii| 15. svAdiSTa bhojana meM lIna ye dAmAda gadhe ke samAna mAnahIna haiM, isaliye ye yuktipUrvaka nikAle jAne caahie| 16. sAsU ko ye dAmAda ati priya haiM, isalie ye pA~ca-cha: dina ThaharanA cAhate haiM, bAda meM cale jaayeNge| 17. eka bAra (84) prAkRtavyAkaraNa : sandhi-samAsa-kAraka -taddhita-strIpratyaya-avyaya

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binA sasura ke dvArA bhIta para likhI huI sUkti par3hakara vicAra kiyA gayA / 18. saMsAra meM mUlya ke bhojana kahA~ hai ? 19. jinazAsana meM rAma kathA kisa prakAra kahI gayI hai, batAo / 20. yadi tumhArA mana caMcala hai, to use roko / 21. tuma guru ke pAsa zikSA grahaNa karo / 22. maiM pratidina dhyAna karatI hU~ / 23. tuma apanI zakti ke anusAra parizrama karo / 24. indra ne tIna bAra pradakSiNA kI / 25. baccA sone ke lie rotA hai / 26. donoM bhAI Apasa meM jhagar3ate haiM / 27. merI bahina mAtA ke sAtha jAkara pustakeM kharIdatI hai / 28. jJAna ke binA manuSya pazu ke samAna hotA hai / 29. maiM nizcaya hI tumhAre ghara AU~gA / 30. sadA prasanna raho / prAkRtavyAkaraNa: sandhi-samAsa-kAraka - taddhita- strIpratyaya - avyaya (85)

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