Jain Sahitya ke Vividh Ayam

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003193/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama laghu prakAzana 18: jaina sAhitya ke vividha AyAma ( prathama khaNDa ) san 1981 ] sampAdaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina Ke Wo Ke Ke Ke Ke Ke KOTELOA zI dha saM sthA na vArANasI-5 prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI-5 saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM [ mUlya ru05-00

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prastuta grantha meM 1. jaina, bauddha aura vaidika sAhitya-eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana -zrI devendra muni zAstrI 1 2. prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya meM pArzvacarita -DA0 jayakumAra jaina 29 3. zambUka AkhyAna ( jaina tathA jainetara sAmagrI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana) -zrI vimalacanda zukla 46 4. AcArya zAkaTAyana ( pAlyakIti ) aura pANini -zrI rAmakRSNa purohita 52 1. munizrI depAla : jIvana aura kRtitva -DA0 sanatkumAra raMgATiyA 62 6. merutuga ke jaina meghadUna kA eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -zrI ravizaMkara mizra 70 7 jainAcAryo dvArA Ayurveda sAhitya nirmANa meM yogadAna - AcArya rAjakumAra jaina 78 mudraka : ejUkezanala priTasa, golA dInAnAtha, vArANasI-221001

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bauddha aura vaidika sAhitya-eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana zrI devendra muni zAstrI bhAratIya saMskRti vizva kA eka mahAn saMskRti hai| yaha saMskRti saritA kI sarasa dhArA kI taraha sadA jana-jIvana meM pravAhita hotI rahI hai| isa saMskRti kA cintana jaina, bauddha aura vaidika ina tIna dhArAoM se prabhAvita rahA hai| yahA~ kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA ramaNIya kalpavakSa ina tInoM paramparAoM ke AdhAra para hI sadA phalatA-phUlatA rahA hai| ina tInoM hI paramparAoM meM atyadhika sannikaTatA na bhI rahI ho tathApi atyanta dUrI bhI nahIM thii| tInoM hI paramparAoM ke sAdhakoM ne sAdhanA kara jo gahana anubhUtiyAM prApta kI, unameM aneka anubhatiyA~ samAna thIM aura aneka anubhUtiyA~ asamAna thiiN| kucha anubhUtiyoM kA paraspara vinimaya bhI huaa| eka-dUsare ke cintana para eka-dUsare kA pratibimba giranA svAbhAvika thA kintu kauna kisakA kitanA RNI hai yaha kahanA bahuta hI kaThina hai| satya kI jo sahaja abhivyakti sabhI meM hai use hI hama yahA~ para tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI abhidhA pradAna kara rahe haiN| satya eka hai, ananta hai, usakI tulanA kisI ke sAtha nahIM ho sakatI tathApi anubhUti kI abhivyakti jina zabdoM ke mAdhyama se huI hai, una zabdoM aura artha meM jo sAmya hai usakI hama yahA~ para tulanA kara rahe haiM jisase yaha parijJAta ho sake ki loga sampradAyavAda, paMthavAda ke nAma para jo rAgadveSa kI abhivRddhi kara bheda-bhAva kI dIvAra khar3I karanA cAhate haiM vaha kahA~ taka ucita hai| jo loga dharmoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM karate haiM unakA dRSTikoNa bahuta hI saMkIrNa aura durAgrahapUrNa bana jAtA hai / durAgraha aura saMkIrNa-dRSTi kI parisamApti hetu dhArmika sAhitya kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| __gaMbhIra adhyayana va cintana ke abhAva meM kucha vijJoM ne jaina dharma ko vaidika dharma kI zAkhA mAnA kintu pAzcAtya vidvAn DA0 harmana jekobI

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(32) prabhRti aneka mUrdhanya manISI usa abhimata kA nirasana kara cuke haiM / prApta sAmagrI ke AdhAra se hama bhI isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki zramaNa saMskRti vaidika saMskRti se udbhUta nahIM hai / yaha prArambha se hI eka svatantra dhArA rahI hai / hamArI dRSTi se vaidika aura zramaNa dhArAoM meM janya janaka ke paurvAparya kI anveSaNA karane kI apekSA unake svatantra astittva aura vikAsa kI anveSaNA karanA adhika lAbhaprada hai / vaidika saMskRti kA sAhitya bahuta hI vizAla hai / veda, upaniSad, mahAbhArata, zrImadbhagavadgItA, bhAgavata, manusmRti Adi ke rUpa meM zatAdhika grantha haiM aura hajAroM viSayoM para carcAe~ kI gaI haiM / bhASA kI se yaha sampUrNa sAhitya saMskRta meM nirmita hai / jaina Agama sAhitya meM Aye hue eka-eka viSaya yA gAthAoM kI tulanA yadi sampUrNa vaidika sAhitya ke sAtha kI jAya to eka virATukAya grantha taiyAra ho sakatA hai, para yahA~ hama bahuta hI saMkSepa meM kucha pramukha bAtoM para hI cintana kareMge / yaha satya hai ki bauddha aura jaina saMskRti, ye donoM hI zramaNa saMskRti kI hI dhArAe~ haiM / tathAgata buddha, bauddha saMskRti ke Adya saMsthApaka the to jaina saMskRti ke Adya saMsthApaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva the jo jaina dRSTi se prathama tIrthaMkara the / bhagavAna mahAvIra unhIM tIrthakaroM kI paramparA meM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara the / tathAgata buddha aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ye donoM eka hI samaya meM utpanna hue aura donoM kA pracAra sthala bihAra rahA / donoM mAnavatAvAdI dharma the| donoM ne hI jAtivAda ko mahattva na dekara AMtarika vizuddhi para bala diyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAvana pravacana gaNipiTaka (jaina Agama ) ke rUpa meM vizruta haiM to buddha ke pravacanoM kA saMkalana tripiTaka (bauddhAgama) ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai / donoM hI paramparAoM meM zAstra ke artha meM "piTaka" zabda vyavahRta huA hai / vaha jJAna maMjUSA gaNi arthAt AcAryo ke lie thI / isIlie vaha gaNipiTaka ke nAma se prasiddha huI / yadyapi "gaNi" zabda jaina paramparA meM aneka sthaloM para vyavahRta huA hai to bauddha paramparA meM saMyukta nikAya, dIghanikAya, suttanikAya Adi meM bhI usakA prayoga prApta hotA hai / donoM hI paramparAoM kA jaba hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana karate haiM to spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki donoM hI paramparAoM meM viSaya, zabdoM, uktiyoM evaM kathAnakoM kI dRSTi se atyadhika sAmya hai / isa sAmya kA

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( 3 ) mUla AdhAra yaha ho sakatA hai ki kabhI ye donoM paramparAe~ eka rahI hoM aura una dinoM kA mUla srota eka hI sthala se pravAhita huA ho / Agama aura tripiTaka sAhitya ke eka-eka viSaya ko lekara yadi tula-nAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAe to aneka naye tathya AsAnI se ujAgara ho sakate haiM, kintu vistAra bhaya se hama yahA~ saMkSepa meM ho kucha pramukha bAtoM para cintana kreNge| zeSa viSayoM para kabhI avakAza ke kSaNoM meM cintana kiyA jAyagA / jahA~ taka Agama aura tripiTaka sAhitya kA prazna hai vahA~ taka donoM hI paramparAeM jana sAdhAraNa kI bhASA ko apanAtI rahI haiM / tripiTaka sAhitya kI bhASA pAli rahI hai to jaina AgamoM ko bhASA ardhamAgadhI prAkRta rahI hai / donoM hI mahApuruSoM ne jana-jana ke kalyANArtha upadeza pradAna kiye| brAhmaNa dArzanika mImAMsakoM ne veda ko sanAtana mAnakara use apauruSeya kahA hai / naiyAyika - vaizeSika Adi dArzanika use Izvara praNota kahate haiM / donoM kA mantavya hai ki veda ko racanA kA samaya ajJAta hai / isake viparIta bauddha tripiTaka aura jaina gaNipiTaka pauruSeya haiM / ye nirAkAra niraMjana Izvara dvArA praNIta nahIM hai aura inakI racanA ke samaya kA bhI spaSTa jJAna hai / jaina sAdhanA paddhati kA aMtima lakSya nirvANa hai ataH nirvAga ko dRSTi se hI usameM prattyeka vastu para cintana kiyA gayA hai| jabaki vaidika paramparA kA mukhya lakSya svarga prApti thA, usI ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara vedoM meM vividha karmakANDoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai / Rgveda ke prArambha meM dhanaprApti kI dRSTi se agni kI stuti kI gaI hai jaba ki AcArAMga ke prathama vAkya meM hI "maiM kauna hU~, merA svarUpa kyA hai" isa para cintana kiyA gayA hai / sUtra- kRtAGga ke prArambha meM bhI bandha aura mokSa kI carcA kI gaI hai / vahA~ para spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki parigraha hI bandhana hai / jitanA sAdhaka mamatva kA parityAga kara samatva kI sAdhanA karegA utanA hI vaha nirvANa kI ora kadama bar3hAyegA / lakSya kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa veda aura brAhmaNa granthoM meM stutiyoM ko adhikatA . aura AdhyAtmika cintana kI alpatA hai / upaniSad sAhitya meM AdhyAtmika cintana upalabdha hotA hai para usameM Atma-cintana ke mArga kA

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pratipAdana nahIM huA hai| sAdhanA ke amara rAhI kI dainika jIvanacaryA kaisI honI cAhie ? tana, mana aura vacana kI pravRtti ko kisa prakAra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI ora mor3anA cAhie? yaha spaSTa rUpa se nahIM batAyA gayA hai| upaniSadoM meM brahmavArtA to AI hai para brahmacarya kA pAlana kaise karanA cAhie ? usake lie sAdhaka ke jIvana meM kisa prakAra kI yogyatA honI cAhie? saMyama ke vidhi-vidhAna, tyAga aura tapa kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai jaisA ki AcArAMga Adi jaina AgamoM meM huA hai| AcArAMga meM AtmA ke svarUpa para cintana karate hue likhA hai ki sampUrNa loka meM kisI ke dvArA bhI AtmA kA chedana nahIM hotA, bhedana nahIM hotA, dahana nahIM hotA aura na hanana hI hotA hai| isI kI pratidhvani subAlopaniSad aura gItA meM bhI milatI hai| ___AcArAMga meM AtmA ke hI sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki jisakA Adi aura anta nahIM hai usakA madhya kaise ho sakatA hai| gauDapAdakArikA meM bhI yahI bAta anya zabdoM meM duharAI gaI hai|" ___AcArAMga meM janmamaraNAtIta, nitya, mukta AtmA kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue likhA hai-"usa dazA kA varNana karane se sAre zabda nivRtta ho jAte haiM-samApta ho jAte haiN| vahA~ tarka kI paha~ca nahIM aura na buddhi use grahaNa kara pAtI hai| karma-mala rahita kevala caitanya hI usa dazA kA jJAtA hai|" __mukta AtmA na dIrgha hai, na hrasva, na vRtta-gola / vaha na trikoNa hai, na caurasa, na maNDalAkAra hai / vaha na kRSNa hai, na nIla, na lAla, na pIlA aura na zukla hI vaha na sugandhivAlA hai na durgandhivAlA hai| vaha na tikta hai, na kaDuvA, na kaSailA, na khaTTA aura na madhura / vaha na karkaza hai, na mad, vaha na bhArI hai, na halkA / vaha na zIta hai, na uSNa, vaha na snigdha hai, na rUkSa / vaha na zarIradhArI hai, na punarjanmA hai, na Asakta / vaha na strI hai, na puruSa hai, na npuNsk| vaha jJAtA hai, vaha parijJAtA hai| usake lie koI upamA nahIM, vaha arUpI sattA hai| vaha apada hai| vacana agocara ke lie koI padavAcaka zabda nahIM / vaha zabda-rUpa nahIM, rUpa-rUpa nahIM, gandha-rUpa nahIM, rasa-rUpa nahIM, sparza rUpa nhiiN| vaha aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, aisA maiM kahatA huuN|'

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FE yahI bAta kenopaniSad, kaThopaniSad, bRhadAraNyaka, mANDUkyopaniSad, 10 taittirIyopaniSad," aura brahmavidyopaniSada, 12 meM bhI pratidhvanita huI hai| . AcArAMga13 meM jJAniyoM ke zarIra kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai ki jJAniyoM ke bAhu kRza hote haiM, unakA mAMsa aura rakta patalA evaM nyUna hotA hai| yahI bAta anya zabdoM meM nArada parivrAjakopaniSad, evaM saMnyAsopaniSad,15 meM bhI kahI gaI hai| - pAzcAtya vicAraka zubriga ne apane sampAdita AcArAMga meM AcArAMga ke vAkyoM kI tulanA dhammapada aura suttanipAta se kI hai / muni santabAlajI ne AcArAMga kI tulanA zrImadgItA ke sAtha hI ko hai| vizeSa jijJAsuoM ko ve grantha dekhane caahie| sUtrakRtAMga kI tulanA dIghanikAya va anya graMthoM se kI jA sakatI hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga sUtra ko racanAzailo aMguttaranikAya aura puggalapaJcati ko zailI se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI hai / sthAnAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki chaha sthAna se AtmA unmatta hotI hai| arihanta kA avarNavAda karane se, AcArya, upAdhyAya kA avarNavAda karane se, caturvidha saMgha kA avarNavAda karane se, yakSa ke Aveza se, mohanIya karma ke udaya se| to buddha ne bhI aMguttara nikAya meM kahA hai ki cAra acintanIya kI cintA karane se mAnava unmAdI ho jAtA hai--(1) tathAgata buddha bhagavAn ke jJAna kA viSaya, (2) dhyAnI ke dhyAna kA viSaya, (3) karmavipAka aura (4) lokcintaa|17 sthAnAMga meM jina kAraNoM se AtmA ke sAtha baMdha hotA hai, unheM Asrava 8 kahA hai / mithyAtva, abrata, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-Asrava kahe gae haiN| bauddhagrantha aMguttaranikAya 9 meM Asrava kA mUla avidyA ko batAyA hai| avidyA kA nirodha hone se Asrava kA svataH nirodha ho jAtA hai / Asrava ke kAmAsrava, bhavAsrava aura avidyAsrava-ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| majhimanikAya20 meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyA ko ThIkaThIka karane se Asrava rukatA hai yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI kAya-mana-vacana kI kriyA ko yoga kahA hai aura vahI Asrava hai / 21 sthAnAMga meM vikathA ke strIkathA, bhaktakathA; dezakathA, rAjakathA, mRdukAruNikokathA, darzanabhedinokathA aura cAritrabhedanIkathA

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( 6 ) ye sAta prakAra batAe haiM, 22 to buddha ne vikathA ke sthAna para nirudhdhana zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| usake rAjakathA, corakathA, mahAmAtyakathA, senA kathA, bhayakathA, yuddhakathA, annakathA, pAnakathA, vastrakathA, zayanakathA, mAlAkathA, gaMdhakathA, jJAtikathA, yAnakathA, gAmakathA, nigamakathA, nagarakathA, janapadakathA, strIkathA Adi aneka bheda kiye haiM / 23 sthAnAMga meM rAga aura dveSa pApa karma kA baMdha batAyA hai 24 to aMguttaranikAya meM tIna prakAra se karmasamudAya mAnA hai lobhaja, doSaja ( dveSaja ), mohaja 125 una sabhI meM moha ko adhika doSajanaka mAnA hai / sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM ATha mada ke sthAna batAye haiM- jAtimada kulamada; balamada rUpamada, tapamada, zrutamada, lAbha aura aizvarya mada / 17 to aMguttaranikAya meM mada ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM- yauvana, Arogya, jIvita mada / ina tInoM madoM se mAnava durAcArI banatA hai / 28 9 sthAnAMga, samavayAMga meM Asrava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahA aura usake bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA kI hai ; tathAgata buddha ne aMguttaranikAya meM kahA Asrava kA nirodha mAtra saMvara se hI nahIM hotA / unhoMne isa prakAra usakA vibhAga kiyA - (1) sa~vara se ( indriyA~ mukta hotI haiM to indriyoM kA sa~vara karane se guptendriyA~ hone se tadjanya Asrava nahIM hotA / ) (2) pratisevanA se (3) adhivAsanA se ( 4 ) parivarjana se (5) vinoda se (7) bhAvanA 30 se - isa sabhI meM avidyA nirodha ko hI mukhya Asrava nirodha " mAnA hai | 30 sthAnAMga Adi meM arihantaM, siddha, sAdhu, dharmaM ina cAra zaraNa Adi kA ullekha hai, to buddha paramparA meM buddha, dharma aura saMgha ye tIna zaraNa ko mahattva diyA gayA hai / sthAnAMga meM jaina upAsaka ke lie pA~ca aNuvratoM kA vidhAna hai to aMguttaranikAya meM bauddha upAsaka ke lie pA~ca zIla kA ullekha hai - ( 1 ) prANAtipAtaviramaNa, (2) dattAdAnaviramaNa, (3) kAma bhoga- mithyAcAra se viramaNa, (4) mRSAvAdaviramaNa, (5) surA, maireya madya pramAda sthAna se viramaNa 33 1 32 sthAnAMga meM 34 prazna ke chaha prakAra batAye haiM- saMzaya prazna, , mithyAnniveza prazna, anuyogI prazna, anuloma prazna, jAnakara kiyA gayA prazna, na jAnane se kiyA gayA prazna / aMguttaranikAya meM prazna ke sambandha meM

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( 7 ) nimtana karate hue buddha ne batAyA ki kitane prazna aise hote haiM ki jisake eka aMza kA uttara denA cAhie; kitane hI prazna aise haiM jo praznakartA se pratiprazna kara uttara denA cAhie, kitane hI prazna aise haiM jinakA vibhAga kara uttara denA cAhie / 35 67 sthAnAMgasUtra meM chaH lezyAoM kA varNana hai aura ina lezyAoM ke bhavya aura abhavya kI dRSTi se saMyogI Adi bhaMga pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| vaise hI aMguttaranikAya meM pUraNa kazyapa dvArA chaH abhijAtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo raMgoM ke AdhAra para nizcita kI gaI hai; vaha isa prakAra hai (1) kRSNAbhijAti -bakarI, suara, pakSI aura pazupakSI para apanI AjIvikA calAne vAle mAnava kRSNAbhijAti haiM / (2) nIlAbhijAti - kaMTaka vRtti bhikSuka nIlAbhijAti haiM / bauddha bhikSu tathA anya karmavAle bhikSuoM kA samUha / (3) lohitAbhijAti - eka zaTaka nirgranthoM kA samUha / ( 4 ) haridrAbhijAti - zveta vastradhArI yA nirvastra | (5) zukrAbhijAti - AjIvaka zramaNa zramaNiyoM kA samUha / (6) parama zuklAbhijAti - AjIvaka AcArya nanda, vatsa, kuza sAMkRtya maskarI, gozAlaka Adi kA samUha / Ananda ne gautamabuddha se ina chaH abhijAtiyoM ke sambandha meM pUchA to unhoMne kahA ki maiM bhI chaha abhijAtiyoM kI prajJApanA karatA hU~ / ( 1 ) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika ( nIca kula meM utpanna ) hokara kRSNa karma tathA pApakarma karatA hai / (2) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika hokara dharma karatA hai / (3) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika ho, akRSNa, azukla nirvANa ko paidA karatA hai / (4) koI puruSa zuklAbhijAtika ( UMce kula meM utpanna ho ) zukla dharma karatA hai / (5) koI puruSa zuklAbhijAtika ho, kRSNa dharma karatA hai / (6) koI puruSa zuklAbhijAtika ho, akRSNa- azukla nirvANa ko paidA karatA hai / 37 mahAbhArata " meM prANiyoM ke varNa chaH prakAra ke batAye haiM / sanatkumAra dAnavendra vRttAsura se kahA - prANiyoM ke varNaM chaha hote haiM - kRSNa, dhUmra nIla, rakta, hAridra aura zukla / inameM se kRSNa dhUmra nIla varNa kA

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sukha madhyama hotA hai / rakta-varNa adhika sahya hotA hai / hAridra varNa sukhakara aura zukla varNa adhika sukhakara hotA hai / - gItA meM gati ke kRSNa aura zukla ye do vibhAga kiye haiN| kRSNa gativAlA punaH-punaH janma letA hai aura zukla gativAlA janma-maraNa se mukta hotA hai| dhammapada 0 meM dharma ke do vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| vahIM varNana hai ki paNDita mAnava ko kRSNa dharma ko chor3akara zukla dharma kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| ___ pataJjali ne pAtaJjala41 yoga sUtra meM karma kI cAra jAtiyA~ pratipAdita kI haiN| kRSNa, zukla-kRSNa, zukla, azukla-akRSNa / ye kramazaH azuddhatara, azuddha, zuddha aura zuddhatara haiN| isa taraha lezyAoM ke sAtha meM AMzika dRSTi se tulanA ho sakatI hai| sthAnAMga meM sugata ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM-(1) siddhi sugata, (2) deva sugata, (3) manuSya sugata / 42 aMguttara-nikAya meM bhI rAga-dveSa aura moha ko naSTa karanevAle ko sugata kahA hai / sthAnAMga meM likhA hai ki pAMca kAraNoM se jIva durgati meM jAtA hai / ye kAraNa haiM-hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna aura parigraha / 44 aMguttara nikAya 5 meM naraka jAne ke kAraNoM para cintana karate hue likhA haiakuzala kAya karma, akuzala vAk karma, akuzala mana karma aura sAvadha Adi karma 6 naraka ke kAraNa haiN| zramaNopAsaka ke liye upAsakadazAMga sUtra aura anya AgamoM meM sAvadha vyApAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai tathA unheM pandraha karmAdAna ke antargata sthAna diyA gayA hai to bauddha sAhitya meM bhI sAvadha vyApAra kA niSedha hai| vahA~ bhI kahA gayA hai zastra vANijya, jIva kA vyApAra, mAMsa kA vyApAra, madya kA vyApAra aura viSa vyApAra nahIM karane caahie| __sthAnAMga va anya Agama sAhitya meM zramaNa nirgrantha ina chaha kAraNoM se AhAra grahaNa karatA hai-(1) kSudhA kI upazAMti (2) vaiyAvRtya ke lie (3) ivizuddhi ke lie (4) saMyama ke lie (5) prANa dhAraNa karane ke lie aura (6) dharma cintA ke lie|48 aMguttaranikAya meM AnaMda ne eka zramaNI ko isI prakAra kA upadeza diyA hai|

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sthAnAMga50 meM ihalokabhaya, paralokabhaya, AdAnabhaya, akasmAt bhaya, vedanAbhaya, maraNabhaya aura azlokabhaya Adi sAta bhayasthAna batAye haiM to aMguttaranikAya51 meM jAti, janma, jarA, vyAdhi, maraNa; agni, udaka, rAja, cora, AtmAnuvAda-apane duzcaritra kA vicAra ki dUsare mujhe duzcaritra kaheMge isakA bhaya, daMDa, durgati Adi aneka bhayasthAna batAye gaye haiN| . samavAyAMgasUtra meM nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura devatAoM ke AvAsa sthala ke sambandha meM vistAra se nirUpaNa hai / jaise ki ratnaprabhA pRthvI meM eka lAkha 78 hajAra yojana pramANa meM 30 lAkha narakAvAsa haiN| isI prakAra anya narakavAsoM kA bhI ullekha hai aura devoM ke AvAsa kA bhI varNana hai| vaise hI aMguttara nikAya meM navasattvAvAsa mAne haiN| unameM sabhI jIvoM ko vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai|52 ye navasattvAvAsa nimna haiM prathama sattAvAsa meM vividha prakAra ke kAya aura saMjJAvAle kitane hI manuSya deva aura vinipAtikoM kA samAveza hai| dUsare AvAsa meM vividha prakAra kI kAyAvAle kintu samAna saMjJAvAle brahmakAyika devoM kA varNana hai| ___ tIsare AvAsa meM samAna kAyavAle kintu vividha prakAra kI saMjJAvAle abhAsvara devoM kA varNana hai / caturthaM AvAsa meM eka sadRza kAya aura saMjJAvAle zubha kRSNa devoM kA nirUpaNa hai| pAMcaveM AvAsa meM asaMjJI aura apratisaMvedo aise asaMjJa sattva devoM kA varNana hai| chaThe AvAsa meM rUpa saMjJA, paTigha saMjJA aura vividha saMjJA se Age bar3hakara jaise AkAza ananta hai / vaise AkAzAnaMcAyatana ko prApta hue vaise sattvoM kA nirUpaNa hai| ___ sAtaveM AvAsa meM una sattvoM kA varNana hai jo AkAzanaMcAyatana ko bhI atikramaNa karake anaMta vijJAna haiM, aise viJcANanaMcAyatana ko prApta __ AThaveM AvAsa meM ve sattva haiM jo kucha bhI nahIM haiM akiJcAyatana ko prApta hue haiN| naveM AvAsa meM ve sattva haiM jo navajJAnA-sacAyatana ko prApta haiN|

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( 10 ) sthAnAMgasUtra meM batAyA hai ki madhyaloka meM candra, sUrya, maNi, jyoti, agni se prakAza hotA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM AbhA, prabhA, Aloka aura prajyota ina pratyeka ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM / ve haiM-candra, sUrya, agni, prajJA / 53 sthAnAMga meM loka ko caudaha rajju pramANa kahakara usameM jIva aura ajIva dravyoM kA sadbhAva batAyA hai / vaise hI aMguttaranikAya meM bhI loka ko anaMta kahA hai54 aura vaha sAnta bhI hai| tathAgata buddha ne yahI kahA. hai ki pAMca kAma guNa rUpa rasAdi yahI loka hai aura jo mAnava pAMca kAma guNa kA parityAga karatA hai vahI loka ke anta meM pahuMcakara vahA~ para vicaraNa karatA hai| ___sthAnAMga meM bhUkaMpa ke tIna kAraNa batAye haiM55 (1) pRthvI ke nIce kA ghanavAta vyAkula hotA hai aura usase ghanodadhi samudra meM tUphAna AtA hai, (2) koI maheza nAmaka mahoraga deva apane sAmarthya kA pradarzana karane ke lie pRthvI ko calita karatA hai, (3) devAsura-saMgrAma jaba hotA hai taba bhUkaMpa AtA hai| -- aMguttaranikAya meM bhUkaMpa ke ATha kAraNa batAye haiN| (1) pRthvI ke nIce kI mahAvAyu ke prakampana se usa para rahI huI pRthvI prakampita hotI hai, (2) koI zramaNa-brAhmaNa apanI Rddhi ke bala se pRthvI bhAvanA ko karatA hai, (3) jaba bodhisattva mAtA ke garbha meM Ate haiM, (4) jaba bodhisattva mAtA ke garbha se bAhara Ate haiM, (5) jaba tathAgata anuttara jJAna lAbha ko prApta karate haiM, (6) jaba tathAgata dharmacakra kA pravartana karate haiM, (7) jaba tathAgata Ayu saMskAra kA nAza karate haiM, (8) jaba tathAgata nirvANa prApta karate haiN| jaina dRSTi se jaina Agama sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para aisA ullekha hai ki eka kSetra meM eka hI tIrthakara yA cakravartI Adi hote haiN| jaise bharata kSetra meM eka tIrthaMkara, airAvata kSetra meM eka tIrthaMkara, mahAvideha kSetra ke battIsa vijaya meM battIsa tIrthakara, isa prakAra jammUdvIpa meM 34 tIrthaMkara aura usI prakAra 68, 68 tIrthakara kramazaH dhAtakI khaNDa aura arddhapuSkara meM hote haiN| isa prakAra kula utkRSTa 100 tIrthakara ho sakate haiM kintu sabhI kA kSetra pRthak-pRthak hotA hai| jaina mAnyatA kI taraha hI

Page #13
( 11 ) aMguttaranikAya meM bhI eka kSetra meM eka hI cakravartI aura eka hI tathAgata buddha hote haiM aisI mAnyatA hai / samavAyAMga57 meM batAyA hai ki jahA~ arihanta tIrthaMkara vicarate haiM vahA~ Iti, upadrava kA bhaya nahIM rahatA, mArI kA bhaya, svacakra, paracakra kA bhaya nahIM rahatA / Adi tIrthaMkara ke 34 atizaya haiM / aMguttaranikAya meM tathAgata buddha ke 5 atizaya batAye haiM / 58 ve arthajJa hote haiM, dharmajJa hote haiM, maryAdA ke jJAtA hote haiM, kAlajJa hote haiM aura pariSad ko jAnanevAle hote haiN| donoM paramparAoM ( jaina aura bauddha ) meM cakravartI kA ullekha hai aura usako bahajanoM ke hitakartA mAnA hai| sthAnAMga59 aura samavAyAMga60 meM cakravartI ke 14 ratna batAye gaye haiN| to dIghanikAya meM cakravartI ke 7 ratnoM kA ullekha hai| unakI utpatti aura vijayagAthA prAyaH eka sadRza hai| sthAnAMga 62 meM buddha ke tIna prakAra-jJAnabuddha, darzanabuddha aura cAritrabuddha batAye haiM tathA svayaMsaMbuddha, pratyekabuddha aura buddhabodhita ye tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiN| aMguttaranikAya meM buddha ke tathAgatabuddha aura pratyekabuddha ye do prakAra batAye gaye haiN| sthAnAMga meM strI ke svabhAva kA citraNa karate hue caturbhaMgI batAI gaI hai| vaise hI aMguttaranikAya5 meM bhAryA kI saptabhaMgI batAI gaI hai (1) vadhaka ke samAna (2) cora ke samAna (3) ayya sadRza (4) akarma kAmA (5) AlasI (6) caNDI (7) duruktavAdinI ityAdi lakSaNa yukta / mAtA ke samAna, bhaginI ke samAna, sakhI ke samAna aura dAsI ke samAna strI ke ye anya prakAra batAe haiN| ___ sthAnAMga 6 / meM cAra prakAra ke megha batAye haiM (1) garjanA karate haiM kintu barasate nahIM hai, (2) garjate nahIM barasate haiM, (3) garajate aura barasate haiM, (4) garajate bhI nahIM barasate bhI nhiiN| isa upamA kA saMketa kiyA hai to aMguttaranikAya 67 meM isa pratyeka bhaMga meM puruSa ko ghaTAyA gayA hai (1) bahuta bolatA hai kintu karatA kucha nahIM, (2) bolatA nahIM para karatA hai, (3) bolatA bhI nahIM aura karatA bhI nahIM, (4) bolatA bhI hai, karatA bhI hai| isI prakAra garajanA aura barasanA rUpa catubhaMgI .. anya prakAra se bhI ghaTita kI gaI hai|

Page #14
( 12 ) sthAnAMga " meM kuMbha ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM (1) pUrNa aura apUrNa, (2) pUrNa aura tuccha (3) tuccha, aura pUrNa, (4) tuccha aura atuccha / isI taraha kucha prakArAntara se aMguttaranikAya " meM kuMbha kI upamA puruSa catubhaMgI se ghaTita kI hai (1) tuccha - khAlI hone para bhI Dhakkana hotA hai, (2) bharA hone para bhI Dhakkana nahIM hotA, (3) tuccha hotA hai Dhakkana nahIM hotA hai, (4) bharA huA hotA hai aura Dhakkana bhI hotA hai / (1) jisakI veza-bhUSA to ThIka hai kintu Aryasatya kA parijJAna nahIM hai vaha prathama kuMbha ke sadRza hai / Aryasatya kA parijJAna hone para bhI bAhya AkAra sundara nahIM ho vaha dvitIya kuMbha ke sadRza hai / (2) bAhya AkAra bhI sundara nahIM aura Aryasatya kA bhI parijJAna nahIM / (3) bAhya AkAra bhI 'sundara aura Arya satya kA parijJAna bhI hai / isI taraha anya catubhaMgoM ke sAtha nikAya ke viSayavastu kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI aneka gAthAoM se bauddha sAhityadhammapada, 70 therIgAthA, 71 theragAthA, 72 aMguttaranikAya, 7 suttanipAta, 14 jAtakaM, 75 mahAvagga 76 tathA vaidika sAhitya zrImadbhAgavata 77 evaM mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva, 78 udyogaparva, viSNupurANa, zrImadbhagavadgItA, 1 zvetAzvatara upaniSad zAMkara bhASya kA bhAva aura artha sAmya hai | 79 80 2 uttarAdhyayana ke 25 veM adhyayana meM brAhmaNoM ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai aura prattyeka gAthA ke anta meM "taM vayaM bUma mahANaM" pada hai / usakI tulanA bauddha grantha dhammapada ke brAhmaNa varga 36 veM tathA sutta - nipAta ke vAsesutta 35 ke 245 veM adhyAya se kI jA sakatI hai / dhammapada ke brAhmaNa varga kI gAthA ke anta meM " tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM" pada AyA hai / suttanipAta meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai / isI prakAra mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva adhyAya 245 meM 36 zloka haiM unameM 7 zlokoM ke antima caraNa meM 'taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH' aisA pada hai / isa prakAra tInoM paramparA ke mAnanIya granthoM meM brAhmaNa ke svarUpa kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai / usa mImAMsA meM kucha zabdoM ke parivartana ke sAtha unhIM rUpaka aura upamAoM ke prayoga dvArA viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA hai / dazavaikAlika ko aneka gAthAoM kI tulanA dhammapada, 4 nikAya, 86 kauzika jAtaka, ' 87 visavanta jAtaka, saMyutta 85 suttanipAta, ' 8

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itivRttaka,89 zrImadbhAgavata,10 zrImadbhagavadgItA, manusmRti,12 Adi ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| kahIM para zabdoM meM sAmya hai to kahIM para artha meM sAmya hai| isI taraha sUtrakRtAMga kI tulanA dIghanikAya ke sAtha, upAsaka dazAMga kI tulanA dIghanikAya ke sAtha, antakRt dazAMga kI tulanA thera aura thorIgAthA ke sAtha rAjapraznIya kI tulanA pAyAsIsutta ke sAtha, nizItha kI tulanA vinayapiTaka ke sAtha aura cheda sUtroM kI tulanA pAtimukha ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai / jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM anekoM zabdoM kA prayoga samAna rUpa se huA hai| udAharaNa ke lie hama kucha zabda-sAmya yahA~ prastuta kara rahe haiN| nigaMTha-nigrantha, jo antaraMga aura bahiraMga se mukta hai| jaina paramparA meM to zramaNoM ke lie 'nirgrantha' zabda hajAroM bAra vyavahRta huA hai| bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM bhI jaina zramaNoM ke lie 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke punIta pravacana ko bhI nirgrantha pravacana kahA hai| __ bhante-jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM AdaraNIya vyaktiyoM ko AmaMtrita karane ke lie 'bhante' (bhadanta) zabda vyavahRta huA hai / 14 there-donoM hI paramparAoM meM jJAna, vaya aura dIkSA paryAya Adi ko lekara there yA sthavira zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai|91 bauddha paramparA meM bAraha varSa se adhika vRddha bhikSuoM ke lie thera yA therI zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI eka maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| jo svayaM bhI jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi meM sthira rahatA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI sthira karatA hai, vaha sthavira hai / sthavira ko bhagavAn kI upamA se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| gItA meM 'sthavira' ke sthAna para 'sthitaprajJa' kA prayoga huA hai| sthitaprajJa vaha viziSTa vyakti hotA hai jisakA AcAra nirmala aura vicAra pavitra hote haiM / Auso-jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparAoM meM samAna yA apane se laghu vyaktiyoM ke lie 'Ausa' ( AyuSyamAn ) zabda kA prayoga huA hai| tathAgata buddha ko 'Ausa gautama' kahakara sambodhita kiyA gayA hai

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( 14 ) to gozAlaka ne bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ko 'Auso kAsavA~' kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai / 66 arhat aura buddha-vartamAna meM jaina paramparA meM 'arhat' zabda aura bauddha paramparA meM 'buddha' zabda rUDha huA hai| jainAgamoM meM 'buddha' zabda kA prayoga aneka sthaloM para huA hai / jaise sUtrakRtAMga97 rAjapraznIya58, sthAnAMga99, samavAyAMga100 Adi meM / bauddha paramparA meM pUjya vyaktiyoM ke lie 'arhat' zabda vyavahRta huA hai / yatra-tatra tathAgata buddhaM ko 'arhat samyak sambuddha'101 kahA gayA hai| tathAgata buddha ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt 500 bhikSuoM kI eka virAT sabhA hotI hai| vahA~ Ananda ke atirikta 599 bhikSuoM ko 'arhat' kahA gayA hai| kAryArambha hone ke pazcAt Ananda ko bhI 'arhat' likhA gayA hai / 02 zatAdhika bAra 'arhat' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM gRhastha upAsaka ke lie 'zrAvaka' zabda vyavahata10 huA hai / jaina paramparA meM gRhastha ke lie 'zrAvaka' zabda AyA hai to bauddha paramparA meM bhikSu aura gRhastha donoM ke lie 'zrAvaka' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / 104 isI prakAra upAsaka yA zramaNopAsaka zabda bhI donoM hI paramparAoM meM prApta hai| gahastha ke lie 'AgAra' zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai / jaina sAhitya meM 'AgArAo aNagAriyaM pakvaittae' zabda AyA hai105 to bauddha sAhitya meM bhI 'agArammA anagAriaM pavvajanti' yaha zabda vyavahRta huA hai / / samyakdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi ina zabdoM kA prayoga bhI jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai / svayaM ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie 'samyak dRSTi' aura dUsare ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie 'mithyA dRSTi' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 'vairamaNa' zabda kA prayoga bhI donoM hI paramparAoM meM vrata lene ke artha meM huA hai| - majjhimanikAya 07 meM sammAdiTTi suttanta nAmaka eka sUtra hai| usameM samyak dRSTi kA varNana karate hue likhA hai-Arya zrAvaka samyagdRSTi hotA hai| usakI dRSTi sIdhI hotI hai| vaha dharma meM atyanta zraddhAvAn hotA hai / vaha akuzala evaM akuzalamUla ko jAnatA hai / sAtha hI kuzala aura kuzalamUla ko bhI jAnatA hai| jisase vaha Arya zrAvaka samyagdRSTi hotA hai|

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akuzala dasa prakAra kA hai aura akuzalamUla tIna prakAra kA hai (1) prANAtipAta (hiMsA) (2) adattAdAna (corI) (3) kAma (strIsaMsarga) meM mithyAcAra (4) mRSAvAda (jhUTha bolanA) (5) pizuna vacana (cugalI) (6) paruSa vacana (kaThora bhASaNa) (7) saMpralApa (bakavAsa) (8) abhidhyA (lAlaca) (9) vyApAda (pratihiMsA) (10) mithyAdRSTi (jhUThI dhAraNA) he Avuso ye akuzala haiN| (1) lobha (2) dvaSa (3) moha-ye tIna akuzalamUla haiM / jaina dRSTi se sAdhanA kA mUla samyagdarzana hai aura sAdhanA kA bAdhaka tattva mohanIya karma / rAga aura dveSa ye moha ke hI prakAra haiN| isI prakAra majjhimanikAya meM burAiyoM kI jar3a lobha, dveSa aura moha ko batAyA gayA hai| ___ tattvArtha sUtra meM samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke adhigama aura nisargaye do kAraNa batAye haiN|08 majjhimanikAya'09 meM eka praznottara milatA hai ki samyagdRSTi grahaNa ke kitane pratyaya haiM ? uttara meM kahAdo pratyaya haiM-(1) dUsaroM ke ghoSa-upadeza zravaNa aura (2) yonizaH manaskAra-mUla para vicAra karanA / jaina dRSTi se sAdhanA ko pAMca bhUmikAe~ haiN| vratoM se pahale samyak darzana ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / usake pazcAt virati hai / majjhimanikAya ke sammAdiTTi suttanta meM dasa kuzala dharmoM kA ullekha hai / 110 unakA samAveza pA~ca mahAvratoM meM isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / mahAvrata kuzala dharma 1. ahiMsA (1) prANAtipAta (9) vyApAda se virati 2. satya (4) maSAvAda (5) pizuna vacana 3. acaurya (6) paruSa vacana (7) saMpralApa se virati 4. brahmacarya (2) adattAdAna se virati 5. aparigraha (3) kAma meM mithyAcAra se virati (8) abhidhyA se virati bhAvanA-prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM pAMca mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA ullekha hai|111 anyatra anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra Adi dvAdaza , bhAvanAoM kA bhI ullekha 12 hai| tattvArtha sUtra Adi meM maitrI, pramoda,

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kAruNya, mAdhyastha bhAvanA kA ullekha 13 hai| to majjhimanikAya meM samyagdarzana ke sAtha hI bhAvanA kA bhI varNana AyA hai| maitrI, karuNA, muditA aura upekSA kI bhAvanA karane vAlA AdhyAtmika zAnti prApta kara sakatA hai| sthAnAMga,15 Avazyaka, va tattvArthasatra 117 Adi meM isa bAta ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki vrata grahaNa karane vAle vyakti ko zalya rahita honA cAhie / zalya vaha hai jo AtmA ko kAMTe kI taraha duHkha de| usake tIna prakAra haiM (1) mAyA zalya-chala-kapaTa karanA / (2) nidAna zalya- AgAmI kAla meM viSayoM kI vAMchA krnaa| (3) mithyAdarzana zalya-tattvoM kA zraddhAna na honaa| majjhimanikAya 18 meM tRSNA ke lie zalya zabda kA prayoga huA hai aura sAdhaka ko usase mukta hone ke lie kahA gayA hai / AcArAMga ke zastraparijJA adhyayana meM indriya saMyama kI mahattA batAte hue kahA hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, zabda evaM sparza ajJAniyoM ke lie Avarta rUpa haiM aisA samajhakara vivekI unameM macchita nahIM hotaa| yadi pramAda ke kAraNa pahale inakI ora jhukAva rahA to aisA nizcaya karanA cAhie ki maiM inase bacUMgA- inameM nahIM phasUMgA, pUrvavat AcaraNa nahIM kruuNgaa| ____majjhimanikAya 19 meM pAMca indriyoM kA varNana hai-cakSu, zrotra, ghrANa, jihvA aura kAya / ina pA~coM indriyoM kA pratizaraNa mana hai| mana inake viSaya kA anubhava karatA hai| __ pAMca kAma guNa hai-(1) cakSu vijJeya rUpa (2) zrota vijJeya zabda (3) ghrANa vijJeya gandha (4) jihvA vijJeya rasa (1) kAya vijJeya sparza / 120 __ sthAnAMga, bhagavatI Adi meM naraka, tithaMca, manuSya aura deva ina cAra gatiyoM kA varNana hai| majjhimanikAya 21 meM pAMca gatiyA~ batAI haiM / naraka, tiryaga, pretyaviSaya, manuSya, devtaa| jaina AgamoM meM pretyaviSaya aura devatA ko eka koTi meM mAnA hai| bhale hI nivAsasthAna kI dRSTi se do bheda kiye gaye hoM para gati kI dRSTi se ve donoM eka hI haiN|

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( 17 ) jaina Agama sAhitya meM maraka aura svarga meM jAne ke nimna kAraNa batAye 22 haiM-mahArambha, mahAparigraha, madyamAMsa kA AhAra aura paMcendriya vadha ye naraka ke kAraNa haiN| sarAgasaMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, bAlatapopakarma aura akAma nirjarA ye svarga ke kAraNa haiN| majjhimanikAya 16 meM bhI naraka aura svarga ke kAraNa batAye gaye haiN| ve ye haiM-- [kAyika 3] hiMsaka, adinnAdAyI (cora) kAma meM mithyAcArI; [vAcika 4] mithyAvAdI, cugalakhora, paruSa bhASI, pralApI [mAnasika 3] abhidhyAlu, vyApannacitta, mithyA dRSTi / ina karmoM ko karanevAle naraka meM jAte haiM, isake viparIta kArya karane vAle svarga meM jAte haiN| jaina darzana kI sAdhanA paddhati kA parama aura carama lakSya mokSa rahA hai / mokSa kA artha hai Atma-guNoM kA pUrNa vikAsa, karma kI paratantratA se pUrNa rUpa se mukta honA / usameM zarIramukti aura kriyAmukti hotI hai| ____ mokSa ke lie pApa kA pratyAkhyAna, indriya saMgopana, zarIra saMyama, vANo saMyama, mAnamAyA parihAra, Rddhi rasa aura sukha ke gaurava kA tyAga, upazama, ahiMsA, acaurya, satya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, kSamA, dhyAna, yoga aura kAyavyatsa gaye akarma vIryaM haiN| paNDita inake dvArA mokSa kA parivrAjaka banatA hai|164 nirvANa kisI kSetra vizeSa kA nAma nahIM hai apitu mukta AtmAeM hI nirvANa haiM, ve lokAna meM rahatI haiM ataH upacAra se use bhI nirvANa kahA jAtA hai| mukta jIva aloka se pratihata haiM, lokAnta meM pratiSThita haiN|165 mukta jIva ke zarIra nahIM hote| mukta dazA meM AtmA kA kisI anya zakti meM vilaya nahIM hotaa| sabhI mukta jIvoM ko vikAsa sthiti samAna hotI hai aura unako svatantra sattA hotI hai| mukta dazA meM AtmA saMpUrNa vaibhAvika, aupAdhika vizeSatAoM se mukta hotA hai, usakA punarAvartana nahIM hotaa| majjhimanikAya meM nirvANa mArga kA vistAra se varNana hai / 66 vahA~ para nirvANa ko paramasukha 27 kahA hai aura batAyA hai ki zIlavizuddhi tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki puruSa citta-vizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| cittavizuddhi tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki dRSTivizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa|

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( 18 ) dRSTivizuddhi tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki kAMkSAvitaraNavizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| kAMkSAvitaraNa vizuddhi taba taka hai jaba taka mArgAmArgajJAna darzana vizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| mArgAmArgadarzana vizuddhi taba taka hai jaba taka ki pratipad jJAnadarzana vizuddhi kI prApti nahIM hotii| pratipadjJAnadarzanavizuddhi taba taka hai jaba taka ki jJAnadarzanavizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| jJAnadarzanavizuddhi tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki upAdAna rahita parinirvANa ko prApta nahIM hotA / 138 / ____ ajAta-janmarahita, anuttara-sarvottama yogakSema (maMgalamaya) nirvANa paryeSaNA karatA hai / 29 jaina aura bauddha donoM hI darzanoM meM nirvANa kI carcA hai| donoM ne nirvANa ke lie saccA vizvAsa, jJAna aura AcAra-vicAra ko pradhAnatA dI hai, para donoM meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki bauddha dRSTi se dravya sattA kA abhAva hI nirvANa hai jaba ki jaina dRSTi se AtmA kI zuddha avasthA nirvANa hai| puggala-pudgala zabda kA prayoga jaina aura bauddha vAGmaya ke atirikta anyatra dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva tattva ke artha meM pudgala zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 110 kintu jaina paramparA meM mukhya rUpa se pudgala varNa, gandha, rasa, saMsthAna aura sparza vAle rUpI jar3a padArthaM ko kahA hai / bauddha paramparA meM pudgala kA artha AtmA aura jIva hai / / 31 ___ vinaya' zabda kA prayoga bhI donoM hI paramparAoM meM milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika sUtra aura jJAtAdharmakathA meM vinaya kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue vinaya ko dharma kA va jinazAsana kA mUla kahA hai / 112 bauddha sAhitya meM sampUrNa AcAradharma ke artha meM 'vinaya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / vinaya-piTaka meM isI bAta kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| - jaina paramparA meM 'arihanta' 'siddha' 'sAdhu' aura kevalI-prajJapta dharma ko 'zaraNa' mAnA hai / / 11 to bauddha paramparA meM buddha saMgha aura dharma ko 'zaraNa' kahA gayA hai / 134 jaina paramparA meM cAra zaraNa haiM aura bauddha paramparA meM tIna zaraNa hai| jana paramparA meM tIrthakara, cakravartI, indra Adi puruSa hI hote haiM /

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malli bhagavatI, strIliMga se tIrthakara huI thI, para unheM dasa AzcayoM meM se eka Azcarya mAnA gayA hai / 135 aMguttaranikAya meM baddha ne bhI kahA ki 'bhikSu yaha tanika bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai ki strI arhat, cakravartI va zakra ho|136 jaina Agama sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para yaha varNana hai ki bharata Adi eka hI kSetra meM, eka samaya meM eka sAtha do tIrthaMkara nahIM hote, tathAgata buddha ne bhI aMguttaranikAya meM isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue likhA ki isameM kiJcit bhI tathya nahIM hai ki eka hI samaya meM do samyak arhat paidA hoN| zabda sAmya kI taraha ukti sAmya bhI donoM paramparAoM meM milatA hai sAtha hI kucha kathAe~ bhI donoM paramparAoM meM eka sadRza milatI haiM, yahAM taka ki vaidika aura videzI sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| udAharaNArtha-jJAtadharmakathA kI sAtavIM cAvala ke pA~ca dAnevAlI kathA kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha bauddhoM ke sarvAstivAda ke vinayavastu tathA bAibala 17 meM bhI prApta hotI hai| isI prakAra jinapAla aura jinarakSita' 38 kI kahAnI bAlahassajAtaka139 va divyAvadAna meM nAmoM ke hera-phera ke sAtha kahI gayI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bArahaveM adhyayana harikezabala kI kathAvastu mAtaGgajAtaka meM milatI hai|40 terahaveM adhyayana citasambhUta141 ko kathAvastu cittasambhUtajAtaka meM prApta hotI hai| caudahaveM adhyayana iSukAra kI kathA hasthipAla jAtaka 142 va mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva 43 meM upalabdha hotI hai / uttarAdhyayana ke nauveM adhyayana 'nami pravajyA' kI AMzika tulanA mahAjanajAtaka 144 tathA mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva 145 se kI jA sakatI hai / . isa prakAra mahAvIra ke kathA sAhitya kA anuzIlana-parizIlana karane se spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki ye kathAe~ AdikAla se hI eka sampradAya se dUsare sampradAya meM, eka deza se dUsare deza meM yAtrA karatI rahI haiN| kahAniyoM kI yaha vizvayAtrA unake zAzvata aura sundara rUpa kI sAkSI de rahI hai jisa para sadA hI janamAnasa mugdha hotA rahA hai| uparyukta paMktiyoM meM saMkSepa meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa jaise vistAra se cAhatA thA vaise nahIM likha sakA tathApi jijJAsuoM ko isameM bahuta kucha jAnane ko milegA

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/ 20 ) aura yaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana durAgraha aura saMkIrNa dRSTi ke nirasana meM sahAyaka hogaa| upasaMhAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra eka virAT vyaktitva ke dhanI mahApuruSa the| ve mahAna krAMtikArI the| unake jIvana meM satya, zAlI, saundarya aura zakti kA aisA adbhuta samanvaya thA jo vizva ke anya mahApuruSoM meM eka sAtha dekhA nahIM jA sktaa| unakI dRSTi atyadhika painI thii| samAja meM panapatI haI Arthika viSamatA, vicAroM kI vividhatA aura kAma janya vAsanA ke kAle-kajarAre durdamanIya nAgoM ko unhoMne ahiMsA, satya, saMyama aura tapa ke gAruDI saMsparza se kIlakara samatA, sadbhAvanA va sneha kI sarasa saritA pravAhita kii| ajJAna andhakAra meM bhaTakatI haI mAnavaprajJA ko zuddha satya kI jyoti kA darzana kraayaa| yahI unake pravacanoM kA mukhya uddezya thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne jana-jana ke kalyANArtha usa yuga kI bolI ardhamAgadhI meM apane pAvana pravacana kiye aura apane kalyANakArI dRSTikoNa se jana-jIvana meM abhinava-jAgati kA saMcAra kiyaa| unake pavitra pravacana jo artha rUpa meM the, unakA saMkalana-Akalana gaNadharoM va sthivaroM ne sUtra rUpa meM kiyaa| ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM saMkalita yaha Agama sAhitya viSaya kI dRSTi se, sAhitya ko dRSTi se va sAMskRtika dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| jaba bhArata ke uttara-pazcimo aura pUrva ke kucha aMcaloM meM brAhmaNa dharma kA prabhutva baDha rahA thA usa samaya jaina zramaNoM ne magadha aura usake nikaTavartI kSetroM meM paribhramaNa kara jaina dharma kI vijaya vaijayantI phhraayii| yaha usa vizAla sAhitya ke adhyayana, cintanamanana se parijJAta hotA hai / isameM jaina zramaNoM ke utkRSTa AcAra-vicAra, vrata-niyama, siddhAnta, svamata saMsthApana, paramata nirasana prabhUti aneka viSayoM para vistAra se vizleSaNa hai| vividha AkhyAna, caritra, upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAnta Adi ke dvArA viSaya ko atyanta sarala va sarasa banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH Agama sAhitya, jaina saMskRti itihAsa, samAja aura dharma kA AdhAra stambha hai| isake binA jainadharma kA sahI va sAMgopAMga paricaya nahIM prApta ho sktaa| yaha satya-tathya hai ki vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM meM bhI parivartana-parivarddhana hote rahe haiM, para Agama sAhitya meM mUla dRSTi se koI antara nahIM AyA hai|

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( 21 ) Agama- sAhitya meM AyI huI aneka bAteM paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa se vismRta hone lagIM / AgamoM ke gahana rahasya jaba vismRti ke aMcala meM chipane lage to pratibhAmUrti AcAryoM ne una rahasyoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie niryukti bhASya, cUrNi, TIkA Adi vyAkhyA sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA / phalasvarUpa AgamoM ke vyAkhyA sAhitya ne atIta kAla se AnevAlI aneka anuzrutiyoM, paramparAoM, aitihAsika aura ardha- aitihAsika kathAnakoM evaM dhArmika, AdhyAtmika va laukika kathAoM ke dvArA jaina sAhitya ke guru gambhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa kiyaa| yaha sAhitya vyAkhyAtmaka hone para bhI jaina dharma ke marma ko samajhane ke lie atIva upayogI hai / isameM jaina-AcArazAstra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM ko sUkSma carcA hai / hiMsAahiMsA, jinakalpa va sthavirakalpa kI vividha avasthAoM kA vizad vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI Adi 363 matamatAntaroM kA ullekha hai / gaNadharavAda aura nihnavavAda - ye darzanazAstra kI vividha dRSTiyoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / AjIvika tApasa, parivrAjaka tatkSaNika aura boTika Adi mata-matAntaroM kA bhI vizleSaNa huA hai / mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala jJAna ke svarUpa para vistAra se cintana kara kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke bheda aura abheda kA yukti purassara vicAra hai / anumAna Adi pramANa zAstra para bhI ciMtana kiyA gayA hai / karmavAda jaina darzana kA hRdaya hai / karma, karma kA svabhAva, karmasthiti, rAgAdi kI tIvratA se karmabaMdha, karma kA vaividhya, samudghAta, zaileSI avasthA, upazama aura kSapaka zreNI para gaharAI se cintana kiyA gayA hai / dhyAna ke sambandha meM bhI paryApta vivecana hai / kSiptacitta aura dIptacitta zramaNoM kI cikitsA kI manovaijJAnika vidhi pratipAdita kI gaI hai| sAtha hI kSiptacitta aura dIptacitta hone ke kAraNoM para bhI ciMtana kiyA gayA hai / , . bhagavAn RSabhadeva mAnava samAja ke Adya nirmAtA the / unake pavitra caritra ke mAdhyama se AhAra, zilpa, karma, lekhana, mAnadaNDa, ikSuzAstra, upAsanA, cikitsA, arthazAstra, yajJa, utsava, vivAha Adi aneka sAmAjika viSayoM para carcA kI gaI hai / mAnava jAti ko sAta varNoM evaM nau varNAntaroM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| sArtha, sArthavAhoM ke prakAra chaha prakAra kI Arya jAtiyA~, chaha prakAra ke Aryakula Adi samAja zAstra se sambaddha viSayoM

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( 22 ) para vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI grAma, nagara, kheDa, karnATaka, maDamba, pattana, Akara, droNamukha, nigama aura rAjadhAnI kA svarUpa bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM kI rAjadhAnI Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| rAjA, yuvarAja, mahattara, amAtya, kumAra, niyatika, rUpayakSa, Adi ke svarUpa aura kAryoM para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI usa yuga kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA para prakAza DAlate hue ratna evaM dhAnya kI 24 jAtiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| jAMghika Adi pA~ca prakAra ke vastroM kA ullekha hai| 17 prakAra ke dhAnya bhaNDAroM kA varNana hai| daNDa, vidaNDa, lAThI, vilaTTI ke antara ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kuNDala, guNa, maNi, tuDiya, tisariya, bAlaMbhA, palaMbA, hAra, ardhahAra, ekAvalI kanakAvalI, muktAvalI, ratnAvalI, paTTa, mukUTa Adi usa yuga meM pracalita nAnA prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM ke svarUpa ko bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| udyAna gRha, niryANa gRha, aTTa-aTTAlaka, zUnyagRha, bhinnagRha, tRNagRha, gogRha Adi aneka prakAra ke gRhoM kA, koSThAgAra, bhAMDAgAra, pAnAgAra, kSINa gaha, gajazAlA, mAnasazAlA Adi ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra AcArazAstra, darzanazAstra, samAjazAstra, nAgarikazAstra, manovijJAna Adi para Agama aura usake vyAkhyA sAhitya meM pracura sAmagrI hai| ____ Agama sAhitya kA viSaya kI dRSTi se hI nahIM kintu sAhityika dRSTi se bhI prabhUta mahattva hai| AgamoM meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| utprekSA, rUpaka, upamA, zleSa, arthAntaranyAsa Adi alaMkAroM kA sundara prayoga huA hai| kahIM-kahIM para jIva ko pataMga, viSayoM ko dIpaka aura Asakti ko Aloka kI upamA pradAna kI hai| Agama sAhitya meM gadya aura padya kA mizraNa bhI pAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi gadya aura padya kA svatantra astittva hai, kintu ve donoM samAna rUpa se viSaya ko vikasita aura pallavita karate haiN| prastuta praNAlI hI Age calakara campUkAvya yA gadya-padyAtmaka kathA kAvya ke vikAsa kA mUla srota bnii| kathAoM ke nikAsa ke sampUrNa rUpa bhI Agama sAhitya meM milate haiM / vastu, pAtra, kathopakathana, caritra-nirmANa prabhati tattva Agama va vyAkhyA sAhitya meM pAye jAte haiM / tarka pradhAna darzana zailI kA nikAsa bhI Agama sAhitya meM hai| jIvana aura jagat ke ninidha anubhavoM kI jAnakArI kA yaha sAhitya anupama koza hai|

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( 23 ) digambarAcAryoM ne zvetAMbaroM ke AgamoM ko prAmANika nahIM maanaa| zvetAmbara dRSTi se kevala dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahavAM aMga hI vicchinna huA jaba ki digambara dRSTi se sampUrNa Agama sAhitya hI lupta ho gyaa| kevala dRSTivAda kA kucha aMza avazeSa rahA jisake AdhAra se SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA huI aura usI mUla AdhAra se anya aneka medhAvI AcAryoM ne una viSayoM para graMtha likhe| AtmA aura karma sambandhI gahana carcA ke ye graMtha bahuta hI jaTila ho gye| zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke samAna vividha viSayoM kI viSad carcAe~ digambara sAhitya meM nahIM haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara Agama ko samajhane ke lie donoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka hai| donoM hI paramparAoM meM aneka pratibhAsampanna jyotirdhara AcArya hue, jinhoMne Agama sAhitya ke eka-eka viSaya ko lekara vipula sAhitya kA sajana kiyaa| usa sAhitya meM una AcAryoM kA prakANDa pAMDitya aura anekAnta dRSTi spaSTa rUpa se jhalaka rahI hai| AvazyakatA hai usa virATa sAhitya ke adhyayana, cintana aura manana kii| yaha vaha AdhyAtmika sarasa bhojana hai jo kadApi bAsI nahIM ho sktaa| yaha jIvana darzana hai| prAcIna manISI ke zabdoM meM yadi yaha kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogI ki "yadihAsti tadanyatra, yannehAsti na tatkvacit" Agama sAhitya meM lokanIti, sAmAjika ziSTAcAra, anuzAsana, adhyAtma, vairAgya, itihAsa aura purANa, kathA aura tattvajJAna, sarala aura gahana, antaH aura bAhya jagat sabhI kA gahana vizleSaNa hai jo apUrva hai anUThA hai| jIvana ke sarvAMgINa adhyayana ke lie Agama sAhitya kA adhyayana Avazyaka hI nahIM anivArya bhI hai| bhautika bhakti ke yuga meM pale-pose mAnavoM ke antarmAnasa meM jaina Agama sAhitya ke prati yadi ruci jAgrata haI to maiM apanA prayAsa pUrNa saphala samajhagA / isI AzA ke sAtha lekhanI ko vizrAma detA huuN| saMdarbha 1. AcArAMga 1 / 3 / 3 2. subAlopaniSad 9 khaNDa IzAdyaSTottara zatopaniSad, pR0 210 3. bhagavadgItA, a. 2, zlo0 23

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4. AcArAMga 1|4|4 5. gauDapAdakArikA, prakaraNa 2, zlo0 6 6. AcArAMga 1/5/6 7. kenopaniSad, khaNDa 1, zloka 3 8. kaThopaniSad, a0 1, zloka 15 9. bRhadAraNyaka brAhmaNa 8, zloka 8 10. mANDUkyopaniSad, zlo0 7 11. taittirIyopaniSad, brahmAnandavallI 12. brahmavidyopaniSad, zloka 81-91 13. AcArAMga 16:3 ( 24 ) 14. nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad 7 upadeza 15. saMnyAsopaniSad 1 adhyAya 16. sthAnAMga 6 17. aMguttaranikAya 4 / 77 18. ( ka ) sthAnAMga 5, 4/19; ( kha ) samavAyAMga 5 19. aMguttaranikAya 3 / 58, 6 / 63 20. majjhimanikAya 1 / 1 / 2 21. tattvArtha sUtra a0 6 / 1 - 2 22. sthAnAMga 569 23. aMguttara nikAya 10, 69 24. sthAnAMga 96 25. aMguttaranikAya 3 / 3 26. vahI 3 / 97, 6 / 39 27. (ka) sthAnAMga 606, (kha) samavAyAMga 8 28. aMguttaranikAya 3039 * anuvAk 4 32. aMguttaranikAya 8 25 33. sthAnAMga 534 34. aMguttaranikAya 42 29 (ku) sthAnAMga 427, 598, (kha) samavAyAMga 125 30. aMguttaranikAya 6 / 63 31. sthAnAMga 389

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( 25 ) 35. sthAnAMga 51 36. aMguttaranikAya 6 / 6 / 3, bhAga tIsarA pR0.35, 93-94 37. (ka) vahI 6 / 6 / 3, bhAga tIsarA pRSTha 93, 94 (kha) dIghanikAya 3 / 10, pRSTha 295 38. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 280133 39. gItA 826 40. dhammapada, paNDitavagga, zloka 19 41. pAtaJjalayogasUtra 47 42. sthAnAMga 181 43. aMguttara nikAya 372 44. sthAnAMga 391 45. aMguttaranikAya 3172 46. vahI 3 / 141, 153 47. vahI 5 / 178 48. sthAnAMga 500 49. aMguttaranikAya 4 / 159 50. sthAnAMga 549 51. aMguttaranikAya 4 / 119, 5 / 71 52. vahI 53. vahI 4 / 141, 145 54. vahI 9 / 38 55. sthAnAMga 3 56. aMguttaranikAya 870 57. samavAyAMga 34 58. aMguttaranikAya 51121 59. sthAnAMga 558 60. samavAyAMga 14 61. dIghanikAya 17 62. sthAnAMga 3156 63. aMguttaranikAya 2065 64. sthAnAMga 279 65. aMguttaranikAya 759

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( 26 ) 66. sthAnAMga 4 / 346 67. aMguttaranikAya 4110 68. sthAnAMga 4 / 360 69. aMguttaranikAya 41103 70. utta0 1 / 15; dhammapada 12 / 3 71. vahI 1117; therIgAthA 247 72. vahI 2 / 3, theragAthA 246, 686 73. vahI 4 / 1; aMguttaranikAya pR0 159 74. vahI 2 / 25; suttanipAta, va08, 14 / 18 75. vahI 9 / 14; jAtaka 539, zloka 125; jAtaka 529, zloka 16 76. vahI 19 / 15; mahAvagga 1 / 6 / 19 77. vahI 2 / 3 bhAgavata0 11 / 18 / 9 78. vahI 1114 mahAbhArata zAMtiparva 287135 utta0 213- zAMtiparva 234 / 11; utta0 2|19,20-shaaNtiprv 12 / 10, 9,13; utta0 9|40-shaaNtiprv 258 / 5; utta0 13122-zAMtiparva 175 / 18, 19; utta0 13 / 25- zAMtiparva 32174; utta0 14|15shaaNtiprv 175 / 20; utta0 14|16,17-shaaNtiprv 175 / 38; utta. 14|21-shaaNtiprv 17517, 27717; utt014||22-shaaNtiprv 175 // 8; 277.8; utta0 14 / 23-- zAMtiparva 17519, 27719; utta0 14 // 24, 25-zAMtiparva 175 / 10,11,12, 277510, 11, 12, utta. 14|46-shaaNtiprv 1789 / 79. utta0 9|49-udyogprv 39 / 84, utta0 13|23-udyogprv 40 / 15, 18; utta0 13|24-udyogprv 40 / 17; utta0 13|25-udyogprv 40 / 17; utta0 25|29-udyogprv 43135 / 8. utta0 9|49-vissnnu purANa 4 / 10 / 10 81. utta0 2036, 37-gItA 615, 6; utta0 25|31-giitaa 4.13, utta0 32|100-giitaa 2064 82. utta0 32 / 20 zAMkara bhASya, zvetA upa0 pR0 23 83. dazavai0 1|1-dhmmpd 1966 84. vahI 12--dhammapada 4 / 6 vahI 8|38-dhmmpd 1713 85. vahI 2|1-sNyuttnikaay 1 / 1 / 17

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86. vahI 1018, - suttanipAta 52 / 10 vahI 10 / 10 - suptanipAta 52 / 16 vahI 10 / 11 - suttanipAta 54 / 4-5 87. vahI 51214 - kauzikajAtaka 226 88. vahI 27 - visavantajAtaka 69 89. vahI 4 / 8 - itivRttaka 12 90. ( 27 ) vahI 3 / 2-3 - bhAgavata 11 / 18 / 3 vahI 309 - bhAgavata 7 / 12 / 12 91. vahI 4 / 7 - gItA 2 / 54 vahI 419 - gItA 5 / 7 vahI 4 / 10 - gItA 4 / 38 92. vahI 3 / 12 - manusmRti 6 / 23 93. kalpasUtra 204, pR0 281 94. bhagavatI sUtra 7 / 3 / 279 95. therA bhagavanto - bhagavatI 96. bhagavatIzataka 15 97. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 1 / 36 98. rAjapraznIya 5 99. sthAnAMga ThA0 3 100. samavAyAMga sUtra 22 101. dIghanikAya sAmaJJaphalasutta 15 102. vinayapiTaka paMcazatikAskandhaka 103. upAsaka dazAMga, bhagavatI 104. aMguttaranikAya ekaka nipAta 14 105. bhagavatI 106. mahAvagga 107. majjhimanikAya 11119 108. tannisaga didhigamAddhA - tattvArthasUtra 13 109. majjhimanikAya 1|5|3 110. majjhimanikAya 11119 111. praznavyAkaraNa saMvaradvAra 112. (ka) tattvArtha sUtra 9 / 7 (kha) bArasa aNuvekkhA; A0 kundakunda 113. tattvArtha sUtra 7 / 11

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( 28 ) 114. majjhimanikAya 1 / 4 / 10 115. sthAnAMga 182; samavAyAMga 3 116. mAyA salle, niyANa salle micchAdasaNa salle 117. tattvArthasUtra 7 / 18 118. majjhimanikAya 33105 119. vahI 115 / 3 120. vahI 1 / 2 / 4 121. vahI 1 / 2 / 2 122. sthAnAMga 4 / 4 / 373 123. majjhimanikAya 1 / 5 / 1 124. sUtrakRtAMga 118 / 9 / 36 125. aupapAtikasUtra 126. majjhima nikAya 1 / 3 / 4 127. vahI 2 / 35 128. vahI 11314 129. vahI 1 / 3 / 6 130. bhagavatI 8 / 3 / 10; 2013 / 2 131. majjhimanikAya 114 132. vinayajinazAsana mUlo 133. AvazyakasUtra 134. aMguttaranikAya 135. sthAnAMga, ThA0 1. 136. aMguttaranikAya 137. senTa methyU kI suvArtA 25; senTa lyUka kI suvArtA 19 138. jJAtAdharma kathA 8 139. bAlahassajAtaka pR0 186 140. jAtaka (caturtha khaNDa) 497; mAtaMgajAtaka, pR0 583.607 141. jAtaka (caturtha khaNDa) 498, cittasaMbhUtajAtaka, pR0 598-600 142. hatthipAla jAtaka 509 143. zAMtiparva, adhyAya 175, 277 144. mahAjanajAtaka 539 tathA sonakajAtaka saM0 529 145. mahAbhArata zAMtiparva, a0 178 evaM 276

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prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya meM pArzvacarita DA0 jayakumAra jaina jenadharma ke teIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke carita ko jaina kaviyoM ne tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke bAda prathama sthAna diyA hai| bhAratavarSa kI sabhI bhASAoM meM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke caritra para likhe gaye aneka kAvya upalabdha haiN| kyoMki pArzvanAtha kA AkhyAna bar3A hI rocaka tathA ghaTanApradhAna hai| jaina zAstroM kI mAnyatAnusAra pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa bIta jAne para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| vIranirvANa samvat aura IsvIsan meM 527 varSa kA antara hai| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kI kula Ayu kucha kama 72 varSa kI thii| ataeva 527+72=599 varSa I0 pU0 meM mahAvIra kA janma siddha hotA hai| mahAvIra ke janma ke 250 varSa pU0 arthAt 599+ 250 =849 varSa I0pU0 pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa samaya hai| prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM-saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza meM 20 se bhI adhika kAvya tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke jIvanacarita ko lekara vividha kAvyavidhAoM meM likhe gaye haiN| unhIM kA saMkSipta vivecana yahA~ prastuta hai| 1. pAzrvAbhyudaya:-jinasena yaha tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke viSaya meM likhA mayA prathama kAvya tathA samasyApUtikAvyoM meM bhI Adya aura sarvottama racanA hai| cAra sargAtmaka isa kAvya meM kramazaH 118, 118, 57, aura 71 kUla 364 padya haiN| kavikulaguru kAlidAsa kRta meghadUta ke padyoM ke eka yA do pAdoM ko lekara samasyApUti ke rUpa meM sampUrNa pAzrvAbhyudaya kI racanA kI gaI hai| mandAkrAntA chanda ke atirikta 5 mAlinI aura 1 vasantatilakA chanda hai| AcArya jinasena ( 8vIM zatAbdI) ke samaya meghadUta kA kyA rUpa thA-yaha jAnane ke lipa pAzvarvAbhyudaya kA advitIya mahattva hai| pArzvanAthaviSayaka uttarakAlIna kAvyoM kI taraha isa kAvya maiM

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( 30 ) - tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke aneka janmajanmAntaroM kA samAveza nahIM ho sakA hai / kathAvastu bahuta hI saMkSipta hai| podanapura ke nRpati aravinda dvArA - bahiSkRta kamaTha sindhutaTa para tapasyA kara rahA thA / usI samaya bhrAtRprema ke kAraNa kamaTha kA anuja marubhUti usake pAsa gayA / kintu krodhAveza meM * Akara kamaTha ne use mAra DAlA / aneka janmoM meM yahIM cakra calatA rahatA hai / antima janma meM kamaTha zambara aura marubhUti pArzvanAtha banatA hai / pAzrvanAtha ko sAdhanA se vicalita karane ke lie zambara aneka upasarga karatA hai, para pArzvanAtha vicalita nahIM hote / dharaNendra deva aura 'padmAvatI devI Akara pArzvanAtha ke upasarga dUra kara dete haiM / anta meM pArzvanAtha kevalajJAna ko prApta karate haiM aura isa ghaTanA ko dekhakara zambara bhI pazcAtApa karatA huA kSamAyAcanA karatA hai / isa kAvya meM zambara yakSa ke rUpa meM, rAjA aravinda kubera ke rUpa meM aura pArzvanAtha megha ke rUpa meM citrita jAna par3ate haiM / kAvya meM dhArmika pratipAdana kucha bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM meghadUta kI zRGgAra rasa kI paMktiyoM kA zAntarasa meM parivartana jinasena jaise pariniSThita kavi dvArA hI saMbhava ho sakA hai / pAzvabhyudaya kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki jinasena senasaMgha ke AcArya vIrasena ke ziSya aura rASTrakUTanareza amoghavarSa ke samakAlIna "theM / " pAzvabhyudaya kI sagantipuSpikA meM jinasena ko amoghavarSa kA guru kahA gayA hai / " AcAryaM jinasenakRta mahApurANa ( AdipurANa) ke pUraka uttarapurANa ke racayitA AcArya guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa kI prazasti meM amoghavarSa ko jinasena kA bhakta citrita kiyA hai / amogha - varSa kA rAjyakAla 815-817 I0 mAnA jAtA hai / ataH jinasena kA - samaya isase kucha pUrvaM honA cAhie / zakAbda 705 ( 783 I0 ) meM racita harivaMzapurANa meM jinasenAcArya ne pAzvabhyudaya ke racayitA jinasena kA ullekha kiyA hai / ' DAkTara jyotiprasAda jaina kA mata hai ki rAjA amoghavarSa kA jinasena se lar3akapana se hI samparka thA / " isa prakAra antaH evaM bAhya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pAzvabhyudaya kA racanAkAla IsA ko AThavIM zatAbdI mAnanA Apattijanaka nahIM hai / pAzvabhyudaya kAvya para yogirAja kI saMskRta TIkA milatI hai / bodhikA nAma kI isa TIkA meM pAzvabhyudaya kI atyanta prazaMsA kI gaI

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( 31 ) hai| yaha TIkA meghadUta para likhita mallinAtha ko TIkA kA anukaraNa karatI hai / TIkAkAra yogirAT ne 1399 I0 ( zaka saM0 1321 ) meM racita isagdaNDanAtha ke nAnArtha ratnamAlA koza kA sthAna-sthAna para ullekha kiyA hai / 1deg ataH yogirAT kA samaya isake bAda kA nizcita hai / TIkAkAra ne jinasena aura kAlidAsa ko samakAlIna banAne kA vicitra sAhasa kiyA hai / " parantu yaha pramANa viruddha aura sarvathA bhrAntipUrNa hai / 2. pArzvanAtha carita 12 - vAdirAjasUri pArzvanAtha carita dvAdazasargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isakA mUla srota guNabhadrAcArya kA uttarapurANa hai / jinaratnakoza meM isakA vivaraNa pArzvanAthapurANa nAma se diyA gayA hai / 13 kavi ne maMgalAcaraNa meM apane pUrtI aneka kaviyoM aura AcAryo kA ullekha kiyA hai jo kAlAnukramika jAna par3atA hai / ataH aitihAsika dRSTi se isakA atyanta mahatva hai / 14 pArzvanAthacarita ko racanA kavi ne mahArAja jayasiMha kI rAjadhAnI meM 947 zaka saM0 ( 1025 I0 ) meM kI thI / isakA kavi ne svayaM ullekha kiyA hai|" isakA pradhAna rasa zAnta hai, parantu aGga rasoM ke rUpa meM anya sabhI rasoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / DA0 maMgaladeva zAstrI ne ise utkRSTa koTi kA mahAkAvya mAnA hai / " 6 pANDavapurANa kI prazasti meM AcArya zubhacandra ne pArzvanAtha caritra para paMjikA nAmaka TIkA hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / vaha TIkA bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa ke anurodha para likhI gaI thI aura isakI prathama prati zrIpAla varNI ne taiyAra kI thI / 17 kintu yaha paMjikA abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huI hai| zrI nAthUrAma premI ne sva0 zrI mANikacanda jI ke granthabhaNDAra meM isa TIkA ke hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / 18 9 vAdirAjasUri drAviDa saMgha ke antargata nandisaMgha ke aru gala nAmaka anvaya ( zAkhA ) ke AcArya the / inake mAtA-pitA, janmabhUmi Adi ke viSaya meM pramANa upalabdha na hone para bhI guru aura praguru (dAdA guru ) kA ullekha pArzvanAthacarita kI prazasti meM hone ke kAraNa sandehAspada nahIM hai / siMhapura ke pradhAna zrIpAladeva vAdirAja ke guru ke guru the tathA zrI pAladeva ke ziSya matisAgara unake guru the / 20 racanAkAla kA ullekha

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( 32 ) hone se unakA samaya IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha evama ekAdaza zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha nirvivAda hai|" . 3. pAsaNAhacariu22---padmakIrti apabhraMza bhASA meM likhita yaha pAzrvanAthacaritra 18 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta hai / isameM vividha chandoM meM likhita 390 kar3avaka tathA lagabhaga 3323 paMktiyA~ haiM / granthakAra ne grantha ke isa parimANa kA ullekha svayaM kiyA hai / 23 kavi ne paramparAprApta kathAnaka ko hI apanAyA hai| kAvyatattvoM ke sAtha hI jaina siddhAntoM kA bhI viratRta vivecana hone se yaha grantha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| AcArya padmakIrti AcArya mAdhavasena ke praziSya tathA jinasena ke ziSya the / 4 pAsaNAhacariu kI prazasti meM kavi ne grantha kA racanAkAla sambat 999 kArtika mAsa kI amAvasyA ullikhita kiyA hai| 5 kintu yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki yaha samvat zaka hai yA vikrama / dakSiNa bhArata meM prAyaH zakasamvat hI mAnA jAnA caahiye| isa prakAra grantha kA racanAkAla zaka saM0999 (1077 I0) ThaharatA haiN| DA0 hIrAlAla jaina evam DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne eka sthala para pAsaNAhacariu kA racanAkAla 992 vi0 saM0 ( 935 I0 ) ullikhita kiyA hai|96 vahIM DA0 nemicandra zAstrI to yaha bhI saMbhAvanA kara DAlate haiM ki nAdirAja ne apane pAzrvanAthacarita kI racanA ( 1025 I0) meM padmakIrtikRta pAsaNAhacariu kA bhI adhyayana kiyA ho to koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| patA nahIM ukta donoM vidvAnoM ne vi0 saM0 992 kaise likha diyA jabaki granthakAra svayaM samvat 999 kA ullekha karate haiN| yahI nahIM, anya sthala para DA0 nemicandrazAstrI svayaM hI padmakoti ke samaya para vicAra karate hae pAsaNAhacariu kI samApti vibhinna pramANoM ke AdhAra para zaka saM0 992 hI svIkAra karate haiM / 28 ataH yaha nivivAda siddha hai ki padmakItikRta pAsaNAhacariu vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita se pazcAdvartI hai| 4, pAsaNAhariu-devadatta ___ apabhraMza ke caritakAvyoM meM DA0 devendrakumArazAstrI ne devadatta ke pAsaNAhacariu kA ullekha kiyA hai / 69 inakI kRti aura inakA svayaM kA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA hai /

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( 33 ) jambusAmicariu ke racayitA mahAkavi vIra ke pitA kA nAma devadatta thaa| devadatta apabhraMza ke acche vidvAn the| mahAkavi vIra ne apabhraMzasAhitya meM apane ko prathama, puSpadanta ko dvitIya aura apane pitA devadatta ko tRtIya sthAna pradAna kiyA hai / 30 sambhava hai, yahI devadatta pAsaNAhacariu ke racayitA hoN| yadi pAsaNAhacariu ke racayitA devadatta aura mahAkavi vIra ke pitA devadatta abhinna haiM to unakA samaya IsA kI 10voM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga mAnA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki mahAkavi vIra ke jambusAmicariu kA racanAkAla 1019 I0 mAnya hai|31 5. pAsaNAhariu -devabhadrasUri yaha prAkRtabhASA meM likhita gadyapadyAtmaka grantha hai| isameM 5 prastAva haiM, jinakA parimANa 9000 granthAgrapramANa hai / 3 isa pArzvanAthacarita meM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke kevala chaH bhavoM kA hI vRttAnta vaNita hai, jabaki prAyaH anya sabhI pArzvanAthacaritoM meM 9 pUrvabhavoM sahita vattAnta vaNita hai / kathAnaka meM paryApta parivartana hone para bhI koI kamI pratIta nahIM hotI hai| ___ AcArya devabhadrasUri kA dIkSA ke pUrNa guNacandragaNi nAma thA / isIlie bhrAntivaza jinaratnakoza meM devabhadra ke Age bhI gaNi jor3a diyA gayA hai| inake guru kA nAma prasannacandra aura sanmati upAdhyAya thaa| ye donoM abhayadevasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne pAsaNAhacariu kI racanA vi0 saM0 1168 ( 1111 I0 ) meM kI thii|34 ataeva inakA samaya gyArahavIM zatI kA uttarArdha evam bArahavIM zatI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| 6. pAsaNAhacariu'5-vibudha zrIvara yaha apabhraMza bhASA meM likhita eka paurANika mahAkAvya hai / 12 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta isakI kathAvastu paramparAprApta hai| AkAra kI dRSTi se yaha 2500 anuSTuppramANa hai| vividha chandoM meM AlaMkArika bhASA meM nibaddha yaha mahAkAvya kAvyatva kI dRSTi se uttamakoTi kA hai| nadiyoM, nagaroM Adi kA bar3A hI manorama varNana kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya ke avekSaNa se 7 zrIdhara nAmaka vidvAnoM kA patA calatA hai / 6 kintu pAsaNAhacariu meM pradatta prazasti meM inakA

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( 34 ) paricaya ullikhita hone se andhakArAcchanna nahIM hai| ye harayANA ke mUla nivAsI the / vahA~ se calakara yamunApAra dillI Aye / vahIM para agravAla nahala sAhu kI preraNA se unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki dillI kA bar3A hI ramya varNana pAsaNAhacariu meM huA hai / vibudha zrIdhara kI mAtA kA nAma vIlhA aura pitA kA nAma budhagolha thA / kavi ne pAsaNAhacariu kI racanA vi0 saM0 1189 (1132 I0) meM mArgazIrSa kRSNA aSTamI ravivAra ko pUrNa kI thii| 7. pAsaNAhacariu--devacandra prastuta kAvya meM 11 sandhiyA~ aura 202 kar3avaka haiN| isakA kathAnaka bhI paramparAprApta hai, jisameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke pUrvabhavoM sahita jIvana para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / grantha adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| isakI hastalikhita prati zrI paM0 paramAnandazAstrI ke nijI saMgraha meM hai| prati kA lekhanakAla vi0 saM0 1549 (1492 I0 ) hai| isI kI eka prati pAsapurANa nAma se nAgaura ke sarasvatIbhavana meM hai| isa prati kA lekhanakAla vi0 saM0 1520 ( 1463 I0 ) hai / prati pUrNa hai / 36 pAsaNAhacariu ko prazasti meM inheM mUlasaMgha ke vAsabasena kA ziSya kahA gayA hai / inakI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai -zrIkIrti >devakIrti> maunIdeva> mAdhavacandra>abhayanandi >vaasvcndr>devcndr| devacandra ne pAsaNAhacariu kI racanA gudijjanagara ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM kI thii|50 eka vAsavasena nAmaka vidvAn kA ullekha zravaNabelagolA (karNATaka) ke eka zilAlekha meM milatA hai / 11 sambhavataH yahI vAsavasena devacandra ke garu haiN| ukta zilAlekha meM vAsabasena ko 'syAdvAdatarkakarkazadhiSaNaH' kahA gayA hai| devacandra ke kAlanirdhAraNa meM koI Antarika pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA / DA0 nemicandrazAstrI ne bhASA zailI Adi ke parIkSaNa ke AdhAra para devacandra kA samaya IsA kI bArahavIM zatI ke AsapAsa mAnA hai|32 . 8. pArzvanAthacarita-mANikyacandrasUri . yaha daza sargAtmaka 6770 zlokapramANa mahAkAvya hai| isakA aMgIrasa zAnta hai, kintu aMgarUpa meM anya rasoM kA bhI nirvAha kiyA gayA

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( 35 ) hai / kAvya anuSTup chanda meM likhA gayA hai, kintu sargAnta meM chandoM kA parivartana hai / inameM zArdUlavikrIDita, mAlinI tathA sragdharA chanda mukhya haiM / yaha kAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai / isako tAr3apatrIya prati zAntinAtha bhaNDAra khambhAta meM hai | 43 mANikyacandrasUri rAjyagacchIya nemicandra ke praziSya aura sAgaracandra ke ziSya the / 44 ye mahAmAtya vastupAla ke samakAlIna the / mANikyacandrasUri ne pArzvanAtha carita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1276 ( 1219 I0 ) meM dIpAvalI ke dina velA ke kinAre devakUpaka nAmaka nagara meM kI thI / 45 vi0 saM0 1290 ( 1233 I0 ) meM jinabhadra kI prabandhAvalI meM mANikyacandra kA ullekha tathA unake sAtha vastupAla ke sambandha kA bhI vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / 6 DaoN0 rAmajI upAdhyAya ne mANikyacandra ke pitA kA nAma sAgarendu likhA hai / 47 parantu isa taraha kA ullekha anyatra kahIM dekhane ko nahIM milA hai / sambhavataH DaoN0 upAdhyAya ne unake guru ke nAma sAgaracandra ( sAgarendu ) ko hI pitA kA nAma samajha liyA hai / 9. pArzvanAtha carita -- vinayacandrasUri paramparAprApta kathAnaka meM likhita yaha vinayAMkita mahAkAvya hai / koI bhI maulika parivartana yA parivardhana isameM nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yaha bhI adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| isakI do hastalikhita pratiyA~ 'hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAna mandira, pATana meM haiM / kAvya sarala evaM prasAda guNa se sampanna hai / alaMkAroM kA paryApta prayoga huA hai / grantha anuSTup chanda meM hai, kintu sargAnta meM indravajrA, upajAti, mAlinI, zikhariNo Adi chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vinayacandrasUri kI guruparamparA granthaprazasti ke anusAra isa prakAra hai - candragacchIya zIlaguNasUri > mAnatu raMgasUri > raviprabhasUri > 1 - narasiMhasUri, 2 - narendra prabhasUri aura 3 - vinayacandrasUri / inakA sAhityika-kAla vi0 saM0 1286 se 1345 ( 1229 se 1288 I0 ) taka mAnA jAtA hai / 46 kavi ne saMskRta, prAkRta, evam gujarAtI meM aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai / 10. pArzvanAthacarita -- sarvAnandasUri yaha pA~ca sargAtmaka kAvya hai / isakI eka tAr3apatrIya prati saMghavI pAr3A bhaNDAra, paTanA meM jIrNa avasthA meM milatI hai / isameM 156 pR0

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( 36 ) nahIM hai tathA kula 345 pRSTha haiM | candraprabhacaritra kI racanA inhoMne vi0 saM0 1302 meM kI thii| jinaratnakoza ke anusAra pArzvanAthacarita kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1291 ( 1234 I0 ) hai / 52 / sarvAnandasUri zIlabhadrasUri ke praziSya aura guNaratnasUri ke ziSya the / candraprabhacaritra kI prazasti ke anusAra sarvAnandasUri kI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai - jayasiMha candrasUri > dharmaghoSa sUri > zIlabhadrasUri > sarvAnandasUri / 43 Upara diye gaye granthoM ke racanAkAla ke AdhAra para inakA samaya IsA kI terahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jA sakatA hai / 11. pArzvanAthacaritra 4 - bhAvadevasUri yaha ATha sargAtmaka bhAvAMkita mahAkAvya hai / kathAvastu ko AdhR kara sargoM kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi zAstrIya dRSTi se yaha mahAkAvya kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utaratA, parantu isakA AkAra mahAkAvya kA hai / isake ATha sargo meM kramazaH 885, 1065, 1101, 162, 254, 1360, 836 aura 393 padya haiM / anta meM 30 zlokAtmaka prazastiyA~ bhI dI gaI haiM / aneka zAstroM kI samIkSA karake kavi ne isa kAvya meM paramparAgata kathAnaka kA grathana kiyA hai / 55 sarvAnta puSpikA meM kavi ne apane isa kAvya ko mahAkAvya kahA hai / 56 bIca-bIca meM aneka avAntara kathAoM kA samAveza hai, jinameM mukhyatayA dhArmika upadeza diye gaye haiM / grantha meM anuSTup chanda ke atirikta sargAnti meM vasantatilakA aura zArdUlavikrIDita chanda kA bhI prayoga hai| prazastipadyoM meM indravajrA, upendravajrA, mAlinI aura zikhariNI chandoM kA prayoga hai / granthaprazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki khaNDillagaccha ke candra kula meM bhAvadevasUri nAmaka eka vidvAn hue / unake tIna ziSya the - ( 1 ) vijayadevasUri, (2) vIrasUri aura (3) jinadevasUri / pArzvanAthacaritra ke racayitA bhAvadevasUri ukta tInoM meM se jinadevasUri ke ziSya the / 57 pArzvanAthacaritra kI racanA bhAvadevasUri ne vi0 saM0 1412 (1235 I0 ) meM pattana nAmaka nagara meM kI thI / 18 zrI paM0 haragovindadAsaberadAsa jI ne pArzvanAthacaritra kI prastAvanA meM prazastipadya meM ullikhita 'ravi vizvavarSe' kA artha 1312 kiyA hai, 51 jo ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai / kyoMki ravi 12 aura vizva - 14 mAnya hai / aMkoM

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( 37 ) kI viparIta gati se 1412 vikrama saM0 ( 1355 I0 ) hI AtA hai| isa AdhAra para bhAvadevasUri caudahavIM zatAbdI ke nidvAn haiM / 12. pArzvanAtha purANa-sakalakoti ___ yaha pArzvanAthacarita nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| varNyaviSaya ke AdhAra para isakA 23 sargoM meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| isameM sAdhanA ke dvArA pArzvanAtha kI nirvANa-prApti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sakalakIti ne saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI meM aneka granthoM kI racanA kI / 15voM zatAbdI meM vidyamAna padmapurANa ke racayitA jinadAsa inake ziSya the| vipulacaritakAvya praNayana kI dRSTi se sakalakIrti kA nAma sarvotkRSTa evaM mahattvapUrNa hai| inake pitA kA nAma karNasiMha aura mAtA kA nAma zobhA thA / ye hUbar3a jAtIya the tathA aNahilapurapaTTana ke rahanevAle the| DA0 nemicandra zAstrI sakalakIti kA samaya vi0 sa0 1443-1499 (1386-1442 I0) mAnate haiM / 61 kintu pro0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne balAtkAragaNa IDarazAkhA kAlapaTa meM AcAryaparamparA kA nirdeza karate hue sakalakIti kA samaya vi0 saM0 1450-1510 (1393-1453 I0 ) mAnA hai / 62 isa AdhAra para inakA sAhityika kAla pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA prArambha mAnA jA sakatA hai| 13. pAsaNAhacariu'3-raidhU isakI kathAvastu 7 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta hai / raidhU kI samasta kRtiyoM meM apabhraMzabhASA kA yaha kAvya zreSTha, sarasa aura rucikara hai| isameM samvAda prastuta karane kA DhaMga bar3A hI sundara aura nATakIya hai / ye saMvAda pAtroM ke caritracitraNa meM paryApta sahAyaka siddha hote haiN| raidhU ke pAnanAtha carita kI aneka hastalikhita pratiyAM koTA, vyAvara, jayapura tathA AgarA ke graMthabhaNDAroM meM bharI par3I haiN| isase grantha kI lokapriyatA aura mahattA kA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / raidhU kASThAsaGgha kI mAthuragaccha kI puSkaragaNIya zAkhA se sambaddha the| apabhraza; saMskRta evaM hindI meM inakI 40 ke lagabhaga racanAyeM milatI haiN| inake pitA kA nAma harisiMha, pitAmaha kA nAma saMghapati devarAja, mAtA kA nAma vijayazrI tathA patnI kA nAma sAvitrI thaa| udayarAja nAma kA inakA eka putra bhI thaa|65 kavi ne gvAliyara nagara

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( 38 ) kA bar3A hI sundara varNana kiyA hai, jisase gvAliyara kI tatkAlIna rAjanIti, samAja, arthavyavasthA, dhArmika sthiti Adi kA patA calatA hai| DaoN. rAjArAma jaina ne inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1457-1536 ( 1400. 1479 I0) mAnA hai|" 14. pAsaNAhacariu-asavAla kavi apabhraMza bhASA meM likhita yaha grantha 13 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta hai| kathAvastu paramparAgata hai| isakI eka hI hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai, jo agravAla di0 jaina mandira motIkuTarA, AgarA meM hai / 67 kAvyatva kI dRSTi se isakA vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| ___ asavAla kavi golArADa vaMzIya lakSmaNa ke putra the| isa kAvya meM asvAla ne mUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNa ke AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH jAna par3atA hai ki ye isI se sambaddha the| graMtharacanA cauhAnavaMzI rAjA pRthivIsiMha ke rAjyakAla meM vi0 sa0 1479 ( 1442 I0 ) meM huI thii| 15. pAsapurANa-tejapAla yaha paddhaDiyA chanda meM likhita eka khaNDakAvya hai, jo adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| isakI hastalikhita pratiyA~ bhaTTAraka harSakIrti bhaNDAra, ajamera 9, bar3e ghar3e kA mandira, ajamera tathA Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM haiN| bar3e ghar3e kA mandira, ajamera tathA Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura kI prati kA lekhanakAla kramazaH vi0 sa0 1516 aura 1577 ( 1459 evaM 1520 I0 ) hai / kavi tejapAla mUlasaGgha ke bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti, bhuvanakIti aura vizAlakIrti kI AmnAya se sambandhita the| inhoMne pAsapurANa kI racanA muni padmanandi ke ziSya zivanandi bhaTTAraka ke saMketa se vi0 saM0 1515 (1458 I0) meM kI thii|71 isa AdhAra para vi0 saM0 1516 meM likhita bar3e ghar3e kA mandira, ajamera kI hastaprati usI samaya kI likhI pratIta hotI hai| isa prakAra kavi kA samaya IsA kI paMdrahavIM zatAbdI hai| 16. pArzvanAthacarita ( pAzrvanAtha kAvya )-padmasundaragaNi saptasatmika isa kAvya meM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA caritra grathita hai| kathAnaka paramparAgata hI hai / padmasundaragaNi Anandameru ke praziSya aura

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padmameru ke ziSya the / ye nAgaurI tapAgacchIya vidvAn the| dhAtutaraMgiNI ke racayitA harSakIti inhIM kI paramparA meM ke the| unhoMne dhAtutaraMgiNo meM inakA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai| 'sAheH saMsadi padmasundaragaNijitvA mahApaNDitaM saumagrAmasukhAsanAdhakabarazrIsAhito labdhavAn / hindUkAdhipabhAladevanRpatermAnyo vadAnyo'dhikaM zrImadyodhapure surepsitavacAH padmAhayaM pAThakam / / 73 isase spaSTa hotA hai ki padmasundara ne akabara bAdazAha kI sabhA meM kisI mahAn paNDita ko parAsta kiyA thA aura akabara ne unheM sammAnita kiyA thaa| unheM rezamI dupaTTA, grAma aura sukhAsana bheMTa meM diyA thA / ve hindU rAjA mAladeva ( jodhapura nareza ) dvArA bhI sammAnita the| __rAyamallAbhyudaya nAmaka grantha kI racanA inhoMne digambara agravAlajAtIya vidvAn rAyamalla ke anurodha para vi0 saM0 1615 ( 1558 I0) meM kI thii|75 ataeva unakA racanAkAla IsA ko solahavIM zatAbdI kA madhya mAnA jA sakatA hai| 17. pArzvanAtha carita76 -hemavijayagaNi yaha kAvya chaH sargoM meM vibhakta hai, jinameM kramazaH 469, 305, 635, 683, 474 aura 475 kula 3036 padya haiM / anta meM 16 prazastipadya haiN| sargAntapuSpikA se jJAta hotA hai ki hemavijayagaNi kAlavijayagaNi ke ziSya the, jo bhaTTAraka hIravijayasUri aura vijayasenasUri kI paramparA se saMbaddha the|77 isa grantha kA apanA koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrAcArya ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita ke pArzvanAtha carita aMza ko hUbahU nakala utArI gaI hai / ___ kavi ne granthapraNayana aura parimANa kA ullekha prazasti meM svayaM kiyA hai| unake anusAra pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1662 ( 1575 I0 ) meM huI thI tathA grantha 3160 anuSTuppramANa hai|78 18. pAdapurANa -vAdicandra ____ yaha 1500 zloka pramANa paurANika zailI meM likhA gayA kAvya hai| kavi vAdicandra pavanadUta ke racayitA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / inake guru kA

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( 40 ) nAma bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra aura guru ke guru kA nAma jJAnabhUSaNa thA / 79 isakI eka hastalikhita prati iTAvA ke sarasvatI bhaNDAra meM hai | 0 pArzvanAthapurANa meM vAdicandra ne apane ko prabhAcandra ke paTTa kA adhikArI batalAte hue unheM aneka dArzanikoM se mahAna batAyA hai tathA pArzvanAthapurANa kI racanA vi0 saM0 1640 ( 1583 I0 ) meM kArtika zuklA paMcamI ko vAlmIkanagara meM karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / " isa prakAra kavi kA racanAkAla IsA kI 16 vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa hai / . 19. pArzvanAthacarita 2 - udayavoragaNi 8 yaha ATha sargAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA carita hemacandrAcArya kRta triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita ke anusAra saMskRta gadya meM likhA gayA hai / kathAnaka ke bIca-bIca meM prasiddha granthoM kI sUktiyoM ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai tathA prasaGgAnusAra avAntara kathAoM kA bhI samAveza huA hai / 1 udayavIragaNitapAgacchIya hemasUri ke praziSya aura saMghavIra ke ziSya the / hemasUri jagaccandrasUri ke praziSya aura hemavijayasUri ke ziSya the / ukta paramparA kA ullekha udayavIragaNi ne pArzvanAtha carita ko sargAntapuSpikA meM svayaM kiyA hai / 43 prazasti ke anusAra pArzvanAthacarita kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1654 ( 1597 I0 ) hai | 4 20. pArzvapurANa - candrakIrti yaha pandraha sargAtmaka kAvya hai jo 2710 granthAgrapramANa hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1654 ( 1597 I0 ) meM zrIbhUSaNa bhaTTAraka ke ziSya candrakIrti ne baisAkha zuklA saptamI ko guruvAra ke dina devagiri ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM kI thI / isakI eka hastalikhita prati zrI ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana bambaI meM hai / 6 candrakIrti ke guru zrIbhUSaNa bhaTTAraka kASThAsaMghIya naMdItaTagaccha ke bhaTTAraka the / vAcaspati gairolA ne unakI paramparA ko isa prakAra batalAyA hai - rAmasena > nemiSeNa > vimala sena > vimalakIrti > vizvasena > vidyAbhUSaNa > zrIbhUSaNa / zrIbhUSaNa ke uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM padmakIrti kA ullekha kiyA hai / 7 kintu pro0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne kASThAsaMgha

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( 41 ) naMdItaTagaccha kI paramparA kA isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai-dharmasena> vimalasena >vizAlakIrti > vizvasena >vidyAbhUSaNa> candrakIti / pro0 joharAparakara ne caMdrakIrti kA samaya vi0 saM0 1654-1681 ( 15971624 I0 ) mAnA hai| isa prakAra candrakIti kA bhaTTAraka rahane kA samaya solahavIM zatAbdI kA sandhikAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhArata ke dhArmika jIvana meM jina mahAn vibhUtiyoM kA cirasthAyI prabhAva hai, unameM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina sampradAya ke pUjya tIrthaGkara ke rUpa meM Apake pAvana jIvana ko janamAnasa meM pracArita karane kI bhAvanA se aneka kaviyoM ne sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kAvyoM kA nirmAga kiyA hai| inake Akalana se bhArata ke dhArmika sAhitya kA itihAsa anazya samRddhatara hogaa| saMdarbha 1. pArvezatIrthasantAne paJcAzatadvizatAbdake / tadabhyantaravAyurmahAvIro'tra jAtavAn ||-uttrpuraann 74 / 279 2. dvAsaptatisamAH kiJcidUnAstasyAyuSaH sthitiH / -vahI 74 / 280 3. nirNayasAgara presa bambaI, 1909 meM prakAzita 4. pArvAbhyudaya 470-71 / 5. ityamoghavarSaparamezvaraparamaguruzrIjinasenAcAryaviracitameghadUtaveSTite pAvA bhyudaye...""sargaH / pAzrvA0 srgaantpusspikaa| 6. yasyaprAMzunaravAMzujAlavisaraddhArAntarAvirbhavat, pAdAmbhojaraja:pizaGgamukuTapratyagraratnadyutiH / saMsmartAsvabhoghavarSanRpatiH pUto'hamadyetyalam, ___ sa zrImAnjinasenapUjyabhagavatpAdo jaganmaGgalam / / -uttarapurANa, prazastipadya 9 7. draSTavya tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga 2, pR0 337 8. yA'mitAbhyudaye pArve jinendraguNasaMstutiH / / svAmino jinasenasya kIti sNkiirtytysau||-hrivNshpuraann, 1 / 40 9. bhAratIya itihAsa-eka dRSTi, pR0 301 10. dra0, pAzrvAbhyudaya kI zrI pannAlAla bAkalIvAla likhita bhUmikA, pR0 7 11. dra0, pArvAbhyudaya, TIkAkAra yogirAT kI antyaprazasti 12. mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI se vi0 saM0 1973 meM prakAzita

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( 42 ) 13. jinaratnakoza, pR0 246 14. dra0, lekhaka kA zodhaprabaMdha 'vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita kA samIkSA. tmaka adhyayana, adhyAya 3 15. zAkAbde nagavAdhirandhragaNane saMvatsare krodhane mAse kArtikanAmni buddhimahite zuddha tRtIyAdine / siMhe pAti jayAdike vasumatI jainIkatheyaM mayA niSpatti gamitA satI bhavatu vaH kalyANaniSpattaye / -pArzvanAthacarita, prazastipadya 5 16. dra0, DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI dvArA likhita 'saMskRtasAhitya ke vikAsa meM jaina vidvAnoM kA yogadAna' lekha, varNI abhinandana grantha, pR0 394 17, dra0, jinaratnakoza, pR0 246 18. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 533 kI pAdaTippaNI 19. 'zrImadraviDasaMghe'smin nandisaMghe'styagalaH / anvayo bhAti......... -jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 288 20. pArzvanAthacarita, prazastipadya 1-4 21. vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie draSTavya, lekhaka kA zodhaprabandha 22. prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI se 1965 I0 meM prakAzita 23. 'aTThArahasaMdhiu eha purANu tesaTTipurANe mahApurANu / sayati NNi datottara kaDavAyaha~ NANAvihachaMdasuhAvayAha~ / tetIsa sayaI tevIsayAI akkharaI kiMpi savise ssaaii| eyaetthu satthi gaMthahA pamANu phuDu payaDu asesu vikayapamANu / -pAsaNAhacariu, 18:20 24. pAsaNAhacariu, saMdhi 18, kar3avaka 22 25. Naya saya NauANauye kattiyamAse amAvasIdivase / __ raiyaM pAsapurANaM kaiNA iha paumaNAmeNa ||-vhii, prazasti-4 26. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 157, evam tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga0 3, pR0 97 27. dra0, tIthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pR0 97 evam 'saMskRtakAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna' pR0 179 28. tIthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga0 3 pR0 29 29. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM, pR0 35 30. jambusAmicariu, 1 / 4-5

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( 43 ) 31. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pR0 127 32. jaina AtmAnandasabhA bhAvanagara ( gujarAtI anuvAda sahita ) vi0 saM02005 meM prakAzita 33. jinaratnakoza, pR0 244 34. vahI; pR0 244 evam dra0 'bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jainadharma kA yogadAna', pR0 135 35. hastalikhita prati agravAla di0 jaina mandira motIkaTarA AgarA meM hai / 36. dra0 zrI paramAnanda zAstrI dvArA likhita lekha ( anekAnta ) varSa 8, kiraNa 12 37. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 157 38. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR0 139 39. dra0, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyA~, pR0 147 40. zrI paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI dvArA likhita 'apabhraMza bhASA kA pAsacariu aura kavivara devacanda' lekha, anekAnta, varSa 11, kiraNa 4-5 jUna-julAI1952, pR0 211-212 41. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, lekhAMka 55, padya 25 42. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR0 182 43. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 121 44. jinaratnakoza, pR0 241 45. 'rasaSiravi saMkhyAyAM sabhAyAM dIpaparvaNi / --- samarpitamidaM velAkUle zrIdevakupake // ' - pArzvanAthacarita jaina sA0 kA vRd itihAsa bhAga 60 pR0 121 se uddhRta 46. vahI, pR0 121 47. saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 418 48. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 121 49. vahI, pR0 123 50. vahI, pR0 121 51. zrI sarvAnandasUri bhujagagaganazamIgarbhazubhrAMzuvarSe', candraprabhacaritra, prazasti padya - 7 (vahI, pR0 98 se uddhRta ) 52. jinaratnakoza, pR0 245 53. dra0, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 98 54. zrI yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, bI0 ni0 saM0 2438.

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( 44 ) 55. 'samIkSya bahuzAstrANi zrutvA zrutadharAnanAt / grantho'yaM grathitaH svalpasUtreNApi mAyA rasAt // -pArzvanAthacaritra, prazastipadya 15 56. itizrIkAlikAcAryasantAnIyazrIbhAvadevasUriviracite zrIpArzvanAthacaritre ___ mahAkAvye'STasarge bhAvA?......"varNato naam......| 57. draSTavya, pArzvanAthacaritra, prazastipadya 4-14 58. 'zrIpattanAsyanagare ravivizvavarSe pArzvaprabhozvaritaratnamidaM tatAna |'-paarshvnaathcritr, prazastipadya 14 59. vahI, prastAvanA, pR0 2 60. jinaratnakoza, pR0 2340 evam 231 61. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pR0 329 62. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 157-158. 63. rAvajI sakhArAma dozI zolApura se prakAzita 64. dra0, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM, pR0 146 65. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR0 200-201 66. mahAkavi raidhU ke sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR0 120 67. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodhapravRttiyA~, pR0 146 68. 'igavIra ho NivvuI vuccharAI sattarisahuM causathavattharAI / 'pacchaiMsiriNiva vikkamagayAiM euNasIdIsahu~ ca udhsyaaii| bhAvadatama eyArasi muNehu varikkepUriu gaMthu ehu / -anekAnta, varSa 13, kiraNa 10 ( aprela 1955), pR0252 69. vahI, pR0 211 70. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyA~, pR0 146 71. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR0 210 72. jinaratnakoza, pR0 244 73. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR0 120 74, vahI, bhAga 6, pR067. 75. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pR0 83 76. munizrI mohanalAlajI jaina granthamAlA, sarasvatI phATaka, vArANasI, 1916 I0 meM prakAziva

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( 45 ) 77 itizrItapAgacchAdhirAja bhaTTa / rakasArvabhauma zrIhI ra vijayasUrizrIvijaya sena sUrirAjye samasta suvihitAvataMsapaNDita koTIkITIrahIra paM0 kamalavijayagaNiziSya bhujiSyaga0 hemavijayagaNiviracite ******** 78. 'dRkkRzAnurasasomamite'bde zakramantriNa dine dvayasaMjJe / hastabhe ca bahuletarapakSe phAlgunasya caritaM vyaracIram || anuSTubhAM sahasrANi trINi varNAzcaturdaza / paSTiyukta zataM caikaM sarvasaMkhyAtra vAGmaye // pArzvanAthacarita, sargAntapuSpikA 79. jinaratnakoza, pR0 246 80. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 269 81. 'sAMkhya: ziSyati sarvathaiva kiM na vaizeSiko raMkati / yasya jJAnakRpANato vijayatAM so'yaM vijayacandramAH // tatpaTTamaNDanaM sUrirvAdicandra vyarIracat / purANametatpArzvasya vAdivRndaziromaNiH // zUnyAbde rasAbjAM ke varSe pakSe samujjvale | kArtike mAsi paJcamyAM vAlmIke nagare mudA // - pArzvanAthacarita, prazastipadya 14 15 - bhaTTAraka sampradAya, lekhAMka 892, pR0 186 82. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara se, vi0 saM0 1970 meM prakAzita 83. 'ititapAgacchIyazrI pUjya zrI jagaccandrasUripaTTadharaparamparAlaMkArazrI hemavijayasUrisantAnI yazrI pUjya gacchAdhirAja hemasUrivijayarAjye pUjya paM0 saMghavIragaNiziSya paM0 udayavIragaNiviracite" 88. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 299 ? Fang 4044000 84. vedavANatuM candrAkhyasaMkhye varSe vaco'STake | mAse ca sitasaptabhyAM grantho'yaM nirmito mudA / - vahI, prazastipadya 9 - pArzvanAthacarita, sargAntapuSpikA 85. jinaratnakoza, pR0 246-247 86. jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 125 pAda TippaNI 6 87. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 363

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zambUka AkhyAna 'jaina tathA jainetara sAmagrI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' zrI vimalacanda zukla prAcIna AkhyAnoM tathA mithakoM kA itihAsa -paraka vizleSaNa evaM kathA saMyojana ke vividha staroM tathA antarbhUti parivartanoM kI bahuvidha vyAkhyA, vyakti, sampradAya evaM kAla tathA sthAna vizeSa kI sAMskRtika, dhArmika tathA samAjazAstrIya pRSThabhUmi ke adhyayana hetu mahattvapUrNa tathyoM kA udghATana karatI hai / ghaTanAoM ke yathArtha lekhana tathA nagna citraNa paddhati se bhinna bhAratIya manISiyoM evaM lekhakoM ne AkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se mAnava mUlyoM tathA samakAlika samAja Adarzo ko pratiSThita karane kA chadma prayAsa kiyA hai / taithika paridhi se svataMtra tathA sAmAjika evaM naitika mAnadaNDoM kI dRSTi se anupekSaNIya aneka AkhyAna yA to vicArakoM evaM manISiyoM ke dvArA sva- Adarzo ke poSaNa hetu nirmita kalpanAe~ haiM, yA purA pracalita prasaMgoM ke soddezya parivartita svarUpa / zambUka AkhyAna bhI isa prakAra ke aneka AkhyAnoM meM se eka hai jisakA upayoga brAhmaNa dharmAvalambiyoM, jainAcAryoM tathA madhyakAlIna bhaktoM ke dvArA vividha prakAra se kiyA gayA hai / prastuta lekha meM zambUka AkhyAna kI zalyakriyA ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika parivezoM, mAnyatAoM tathA mUlyoM ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isa kathAnaka kA prAcInatama ullekha vAlmIkikRta rAmAyaNa meM upalabdha hotA hai / " paravarttI aneka kaviyoM ne isI grantha ko upajIvya svIkAra kara zambUka AkhyAna ke kalevara ko vistRta kiyA hai| vAlmIki - rAmAyaNa ke AdhAra para zambUka AkhyAna ko nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai "rAma ke zAsanakAla meM eka brAhmaNa apane mRta putra ko lekara upasthita huA aura rAma kI bhartsanA karane lagA, kyoMki pitA ke jIvita rahane para putra kI mRtyu, tatkAlIna zAsaka ke rAjya meM adharmAcaraNa kA

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( 47 ) pramANa upasthita karatI hai| rAma ne brahmarSi nArada se isakA kAraNa pUchA / nArada ne zUdra ke dvArA kriyamANa taponuSThAna ko brAhmaNasUta kI mRtyu kA kAraNa btaayaa| kyoMki zUdra ko tapa karane kA adhikAra nahIM thaa| ataH usake dvArA tapasyAcaraNa dhArmika kartavyoM ke ullaMghana kA pratIka thA / nArada ke dvArA kAraNa jJAta hone para rAma ne zUdra ke anveSaNa hetu prasthAna kiyaa| kramazaH udIcya, prAcya dizAoM meM bhramaNa karane ke pazcAt dakSiNa dizA meM zaivala parvata ke uttara meM unhoMne adhaHmukha tapasaMlagna eka vyakti ko dekhA jo agnidhUma kA AhAra karatA huA tapaslIna thaa| tapasvI ke dvArA yaha jJAta hone para ki vaha zUdra-yoni meM utpanna zambUka saMjJita vyakti hai, rAma ne khar3aga se usakA ziroccheda kara diyaa|"2 mahAkavi kAlidAsa-praNIta raghuvaMza meM zambaka kA AkhyAna vAlmIki ke AdhAra para ho vaNita hai| isameM bhI pitA ke jIvita rahate putra kI mRtyu kA kAraNa varNa-dharma vyatikrama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo zamvUka nAmaka zUdra ke tapazcaraNa ke phalasvarUpa utpanna huA thaa| varNa vikriyA ke lie uttaradAyI zambUka, zAsaka rAma ke dvArA zirocchedana ke pazcAt svarga ko prApta ho gayA jo use tapa ke mAdhyama se kabhI na milatA / bhavabhUti ne to upayukta donoM kaviyoM kI sImA lA~ghakara rAma ke dvArA daNDita kie jAne para Akroza kI apekSA zUdra ke hI mukha se usa daNDa kI prazaMsA bhI karAI hai| _varNa vyavasthA ke poSaka ina kaviyoM ke dvArA varNita zambUka AkhyAna meM aneka mahattvapUrNa kathya dhyAtavya haiN| zUdra ke dvArA tapazcaraNa ko "pApavat" svIkAra karane kI balAt ceSTA ina kaviyoM ke dvArA kI gaI hai aura usa pApa ke phala ko sAkAra siddha karane ke lie vipra pitA ke jIvita rahane para bhI putra kI mRtyu kA prasaMga upasthita kara diyA gayA hai / yaha vicAraNIya hai ki vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM hI anyatra nRpa dazaratha ke dvArA pitA aura mAtA ke jIvita rahane para bhI pUtra zravaNa ke vadha kA prasaMga upasthita milatA hai| kintu usa sthala para pitA ke samakSa putra kI mRtyu kA prasaMga zAsana meM adharmAcaraNa kA pratIka nahIM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| ina kaviyoM ko zudra kI tapasyA kA pratirodha karanA thA astu, unhoMne eka kathAnaka kI udbhAvanA kara lo| brAhmaNa ke putra kI mRtyu

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( 48 ) tathA usake dvArA adharmAcaraNa kA prasaMga upasthita karanA, brAhmaNa nArada ke dvArA zudra kI tapasyA ko mRtyu kA kAraNa svIkAra karanA tathA rAma arthAt kSatriya zAsaka ke dvArA zUdra kA vadha ityAdi ullekha kyA sAbhi-. prAya nahIM haiM ? varNa-vyavasthA ke niyamoM kA anupAlana tathA brAhmaNoM ko sarvocnatA ke siddhAntoM ko pratipAdita karane tathA vyAvahArika svarUpa pradAna karane ke lie zambUka AkhyAna kA kalevara ina kaviyoM ke dvArA vaNita kiyA gyaa| jaina sAhitya meM bhI zambUka AkhyAna upalabdha hotA hai jisake AdhAra rUpa meM vimalasUrikRta paumacariya ke kathAnaka ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa grantha ke AdhAra para zambUka kA AkhyAna nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai___ "rAvaNa kI bahana candranakhA tathA usake pati kharadUSaNa se saMbukka tathA sunda nAmaka do putra utpanna hue the| devakumAroM ke samAna saMbukka atyanta zobhAvAna evaM samartha thaa| usane sUryahAsa nAmaka khaMga kI prApti ke lie krauM caravA nadI ke kinAre tathA lavaNa-samudra ke uttara sthita bhUkSetra meM svayaM ko tapa meM prastuta kiyaa| usakI pratijJA thI ki samyaktva; niyama tathA yoga se rahita jo bhI vyakti usakI dRSTi meM AyegA, usakA vadha vaha avazya kregaa| eka dina lakSmaNa bhramaNa karate hue usa sthAna para pahu~ca gayA aura kAntiyukta sUrya hAsa khaMga ko dekara usakI tIkSNa dhAra ko parIkSita karane kA nizcaya kiyA / isa sandarbha meM usane baoNsa ke saMkula ko kATa DAlA aura saMkula meM tapaHlIna saMbukka kA bhI zira kaTa gayA / 678 I0 meM AcArya raviSeNa dvArA racita padmapurANa meM bhI zambUka kI kathA paumacariyaM ke AdhAra para upalabdha hotI hai| isa grantha meM saMbukka ko eka anna khAne vAlA, nirmala AtmA kA dhAraka, brahmacArI tathA jitendriya kahA gayA hai| zeSa kathA paumacariyaM kI anukaraNa mAtra hai| jaina granthoM meM varNita zambaka AkhyAna vAlmIki dvArA prastuta kathAnaka kI apekSA bhinna mAnyatAoM ko abhivyaMjita karatA hai| vAlmIki aura kAlidAsa zambUka ke adhaHmukha hokara dhUmrapAna ke sevana kA ullekha karate haiN| yaha paramparA jana sAmAnya kI vastu nahIM thii| vAlmIki ke anuyAyiyoM ne bhI zambUka ko gahita siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| isake

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viparIta jaina sAhitya meM use samyaktva, niyama aura yoga se samanvita tathA jitendriya, brahmacArI, eka samaya bhojana karanevAlA evaM amalAtmA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zambUka ke dvArA varNa dharma vyatikrama tathA tadjanya pApa aura parimANa meM brAhmaNa suta kI mRtyu kA prasaMga jainiyoM ke dvArA upasthita nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura na hI zUdra ke tapAcaraNa ko rAjya meM adharma mAnA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM yaha antara vividha mAnyatAoM tathA dRSTikoNa vaibhinya ke kAraNa upasthita hue haiN| vAlmIki aura kAlidAsa meM varNa vyavasthA ke prati saceSTA tathA Agraha ke aneka sandarbha dekhe jA sakate haiM / 9 jaina sAhitya meM bhI baMbhava, khattiya, vaissa tathA sududa nAma ke cAra varNoM kA ullekha milatA hai kintu jAtyo. skarSa athavA jAtyApakarSa ke paricAyaka sandarbho kA abhAva sA jaina sAhitya meM hai| raviSeNa ne padmapurANa meM kisI bhI jAti ko nindanIya nahIM svIkAra kiyA hai| yahA~ taka ki vratasaMlagna cANDAla bhI brAhmaNa kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zambUka ke dvArA kriyamANa tapa kI bhartsanA jainiyoM ko abhISTa nahIM pratIta huii| vAlmIki aura unake anuyAyiyoM tathA jainiyoM ke zambUka AkhyAna meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara yaha hai ki prathama paramparA ke anusAra rAma ne zambUka kA vadha kiyA thaa| kintu jainiyoM ke anusAra lakSmaNa ne| rAma donoM paramparAoM meM nAyaka ke rUpa meM citrita haiN| jainiyoM kI vyApaka ahiMsA dRSTi nAyaka rAma ke hAthoM zambUka ke tadha ko sahana nahIM kara sakI, ataH unhoMne isa kArya kA kartA lakSmaNa ko banA diyA / zambUka AkhyAna ke prasaMga meM anya paramparAoM kA bhI AloDana aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| AnandarAmAyaNa 12 meM zambUka kI kathA nimna rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai 'rAma ne tapa kriyamANa zUdra zambaka ke pAsa pahuMcakara use varadAna diyA aura zUdroM kI sadgati hetu gama nAma kA japa aura kIrtana zreyaskara pratipAdita kiyaa| zUdra ke dvArA yaha pUchane para ki kRSi kAryo meM vyasta rahakara unheM japa kIrtana karane kA samaya nahIM milegA, rAma ne yaha kaha kara saMtuSTa kiyA ki zUdra loga eka dUsare se milakara rAma-rAma kaheMge to unakA uddhAra ho jaayegaa| tatpazcAta rAma ne zUdra kA vadha kara ddaalaa| isa kathAnaka meM do tathya vicAraNIya haiM, prathama-zUdroM ke dvArA kRSi karma

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( 50 ) kA pratipAdana prativAdita nahIM raha gayA thaa| isake pUrva smRtiyoM tathA anya dhArmika granthoM meM zUdroM kA karttavya dvijAtizuzrUSA taka sImita thaa| kRSi karma vaizyoM kI sampatti thii| dvitIya-rAma nAma kI mahattA kA pratipAdana zambaka ke kathAnaka meM kiJcita parivartana kara isa grantha meM upasthApita kiyA gayA hai| AnandarAmAyaNa kI racanA ke samaya ( lagabhaga solahavIM zatAbdI ) taka bhakti-Andolana vizeSataH vaiSNava-Andolana pramukhatA ko prApta hone lagA thA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa Ananda rAmAyaNa meM zagbUka kathAnaka meM ye parivartana upasthita ho gye| dakSiNa bhASAoM meM nibaddha rAma kathA se saMbandhita granthoM se bhI zambUka AkhyAna upalabdha hotA hai| raMganAtha rAmAyaNa13 ( telagU meM racita ) tathA kannar3a meM likhita torave rAmAyaNa meM zambUka ko sUrpanakhA kA putra tathA lakSmaNa dvArA usake vadha kI carcA AtI hai / nizcita rUpa se donoM granthoM para yA to paumacariyaM (vimalasUrikRta) yA raviSeNakRta padmapurANa kA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| kannar3a kavi kuveMyu15 dvArA racita 'zUdratapasvI" kAvya meM varNita zambUka kathA vicArya hai isake anusAra "eka vRddha brAhmaNa apane putra ke sAtha zambUka nAmaka tapasvI ke Azraya meM phuNcaa| brAhmaNa ne apane putra ko tapasvI ke lie praNAma karane se vajita kara diyA kyoMki tapasvI zUdra thaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa brAhmaNa bAlaka kI mRtyu sarpadaMza ke kAraNa ho gii| brAhmaNa ne rAma se usa tapasvI ke vadha kA anurodha kiyaa| rAma ne brahmAstra calAkara tapasvI kA vadha karane kA prayAsa kiyA kintu use koI kSati nahIM huii| phalataH rAma ne brAhmaNa ko doSI jAnakara use kaTa zabdoM meM pratAr3ita kiyA / anta meM brAhmaNa ne usa zadra tapasvI ko praNAma kiyA aura usakA putra jIvita ho utthaa| isa kathAnaka meM spaSTa hI tapa kI mahimA ke samakSa brAhmaNa kI utkRSTatA tathA zUdra kI nikRSTatA ko tirohita kara diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra zambUka AkhyAna ke vivecana se spaSTa hai ki samaya-samaya para isa kathAnaka kA kalevara soddezya parivartita, parivadhita tathA sImita kiyA jAtA rhaa| yadi vAlmIki aura unake anukartAoM ne brAhmaNoM kI sarvoccatA ke pratipAdana hetu isakA nibaMdhana kiyA to jainiyoM ne . samatA ke bhAva ko tathA ahiMsA ko pratiSThita karane ke lie isa kathA

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( 51 ) naka kA upayoga kiyaa| anya ne rAma nAma kI mahattA tathA tapa ko sarvoccatA kI sthApanA ke lie isameM Avazyaka saMzodhana upasthita kie| astU, zambUka AkhyAna kA AloDana vibhinna sAmAjika mAnyatAoM dhArmika dRSTikoNoM tathA sAMskRtika dazAoM kA nirdezana prastuta karatA hai| saMdarbha 1. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa (bar3audA saMskaraNa), uttara0 a0 65-67 2. vahI 3. raghuvaMza, 15-43-56 4. uttararAmacarita, dvitIya aMka; tu. padmapurANa, sRSTi khaMDa, 33, 60-132 5. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, ayodhyA a0 5749-39 6. paumacariyaM, parva 43 7. padmapurANa ( raviSeNa kRta ), parva 43 . 8. vahI, parva 43 / 46-47 9. vA0 rA0, yuddhakANDa, 1281104-105; raghuvaMza 5 / 19, 16067 10. 'jaina Agama meM bhAratIya samAja' jagadIzacandra jaina, vArANasI, 1965 pR0 223 11. padmapurANa, 11 / 203 na jAti garhitA kAcidguNAH kalyANakArakam / vratasthamapi cANDAlaM taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH / / 12. Ananda rAmAyaNa 7 / 1050-122 13. bulke kAmila, 'rAma kathA utpatti aura vikAsa' prayAga, 1971, pR0 616 14. vahI, pR0 616 15. maithilIzaraNa gupta abhinandana grantha, kalakattA, 1959, pR0 754

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AcArya zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti) aura pANini zrIrAmakRSNa purohita saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke racanA kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| ataeva pANini kA zabdAnuzAsana paravartI aneka vyAkaraNoM kA preraNAsrota rahA hai| ina paravartI vyAkaraNoM meM pANini spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita haiN| vyAkaraNa vAGmaya meM mukhyataH vyAkaraNoM kI saMkhyA ATha sunI jAtI hai| isa sambandha meM adholikhita zloka prasiddha hai indrazcandraH kAzakRtsnApizalI zAkaTAyanaH / pANinyamarajainendrA jayantyaSTau hi zAbdikAH // kahIM-kahIM yaha zloka isa rUpAntara meM bhI prApta hai aindraM cAndraM kAzakRtsnaM kaumAraM zAkaTAyanam / sArasvataM cApizalaM zAkalaM pANinIyakam / / maharSi pANini ne apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM apane pUrvavartI Apizali (6 / 1989), kAzyapa (1 / 2 / 25), gArya (8 / 3 / 20), gAlava (7 / 3 / 99), cAkravarmaNa (6 / 11126), bhAradvAja (7 / 2 / 63), zAkaTAyana (8 / 3 / 18), zAkalya (zaza16), senaka (5 / 4 / 112) tathA sphoTAyana (6 / 1 / 112), ina vaiyAkaraNoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, kintu vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki jina zAkaTAyana kA pANini ne nAma liyA hai, ve samprati upalabdha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa se bhinna haiN| upalabdha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa jaina paramparA ke yApanIya saMgha ke agraNI aura prasiddha AcArya pAlyakIrti kI racanA hai| isakA vistRta adhyayana jarmana vidvAn DaoN0 Ara0 virabe ne bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI dvArA 1971 I0 meM prakAzita amoghavRtti sahita zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI apanI aMgrejI prastAvanA meM prastuta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki 1864 meM DaoN0 buhalara ko jaba AcArya pAlyakIrti dvArA viracita zAkaTAyana, ko pANDulipi kA kucha aMza prApta huA to unhoMne saMskRta jagat ko sUcita kiyA ki unheM pANini dvArA ullikhita zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa

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prApta ho gayA hai| kintu vastutaH yaha bhrama thaa| bAda meM jJAta huA ki prApta vyAkaraNa pAlyakIrti ( zAkaTAyana ) kA hai| ____ samprati upalabdha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kA mUla nAma zabdAnuzAsana hai| isake racayitA kA nAma pAlyakIrti prApta hotA hai| parantu graMtha meM sarvatra graMthakAra kA nAma zAkaTAyana hI prApta hotA hai| isa vyAkaraNa ke 'khyAte'dRzye' (131208) sUtra kI amoghavRtti meM 'adahadamoghavarSo'rAtIna' isa udAharaNa ke dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki samprati upalabdha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI racanA amoghavarSa ke zAsanakAla meM huI hogii| amoghavarSa zaka saMvat 736 (vi0 saM0 871 ) tathA navIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa rAjagaddI para AsIna huA thA / ataH isI ke AsapAsa AcArya pAlyakIti ne apane vyAkaraNa graMtha kI racanA kI hogii| upalabdha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa para amoghavRtti svopajJavRtti hai, AcArya yakSavarmA ne apanI ciMtAmaNivRtti meM amoghavRtti ko atimahatI tathA zAkaTAyana kI svopajJavRtti batAyA hai| __ amoghavRtti ke prAraMbha meM graMthAvatAra ke viSaya meM zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti) ne likhA hai'paripUrNamalyagraMthaM laghUpAyaM zabdAnuzAsanaM zAstramidaM mahAzramaNasaGghAdhipatirbhagavAnAcAryaH zAkaTAyanaH prArabhate' tathA amoghavRtti ke samasta puSpikA vAkyoM meM zAkaTAyana kA ullekha isa prakAra AyA hai'itizrutakevalidezIyAcAryazAkaTAyanakRto zabdAnuzAsane amoghavato...' yahA~ 'kRtau' kA anvaya amodhavRtti tathA zabdAnuzAsana donoM se hai| DaoN0 virave kA sujhAva hai ki yadi ina puSpikA vAkyoM meM 'zabdAnuzAsane amoghavRttau' ke sthAna para 'zabdAnuzAsanAmodhavRtau' pATha ho to puSpikA vAkya meM jo aspaSTatA hai vaha dUra ho jAtI hai| usa sthiti meM tanika bhI saMdeha kI guJjAiza nahIM rahatI ki yaha vRtti svayaM sUtradhAra kI hai| upalabdha zAkaTAyana ke 'naplutasyonitau' (1 / 1199) sUtra kI amogha. vRtti meM 'I cAkravarmaNasya' (a0 6 / 1 / 130) ityaplutavadbhAvaH pataJjaleranupasthitArthaH' uddharaNa ko dekhane se 'zAkaTAyana ( pAlyakIrti ) ko pataMjali se bhI parivartitA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| ataH upalabdha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa pANini smRta zAkaTAyana se bhinna hai|

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( 54 ) maharSi pANini ne jina sUtroM meM apane pUrvavartI jina AcAryoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, unake zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM adholikhita tulanAtmaka sUtra haiMpANinI zAkaTAyana laGaH zAkaTAyanasyaiva (3 / 4 / 111) AdviSo jherjus vA (1 / 4 / 106) vyolaghu prayatnataraH zAkaTAyanasya acyaspaSTazca (1 / 1 / 154) (8 / 3 / 18) triprabhRtiSu zAkaTAyanasya na saMyoge (1 / 1 / 119) (8 / 4 / 49) vA supyApizaleH (6 / 1192) supi vA (1 / 192) aD gAyegAlavayoH (7 / 3 / 99) IT cAjazrudbhyaH (4 / 2 / 29) iko hrasvo'Gyo gAlavasya . veko'nIzaGIyudhyatraH (2282) 63 / 61) I cAkravarmaNasya (6 / 12130) naplutasyAnitau (1 / 1 / 99) Rto bhAradvAjasya (7 / 2 / 63) RtaH (4 / 2 / 191) iko'savaNe zAkalyasya hrasvazca hrasvo vA'pade (1 / 1174) (6 / 1 / 123) saMbuddhau zAkalyasyetAvanA sau vetau (1 / 1 / 103) (1 / 1 / 16) girezca senakasya (5 / 4 / 112) girinadIpaurNamAsyAgrahAyaNIjayaH . (2 / 1 / 155) avaG sphoTAyanasya (6 / 1 / 119) avo'cyanakSe (1 / 1 / 96) zAkaTAyana ne bhI jina sUtroM meM apane pUrvavartI siddhanadI, iMdra aura Aryavajra ina tIna AcAryoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, jo pANinIya ke adholikhita sUtroM ke tulya hai : zAkaTAyana pANinIya tataH prAgAryavajrasya (1 / 2 / 13) bahUji pratiSedhovaktavyaH antyAt pUrvaM numameka icchanti (7 / 1 / 72 vA0) jarAyA usIMdrasyAci (1 / 2 / 37) jarAyAjarasanyatarasyAm (12 / 101). zeSAt siddhanaMdinaH (222229) zeSAdvibhASA (1 / 4 / 154)

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zAkTAyana ( 55 ) isake atirikta zAkaTAyana ne apane zabdAnuzAsana meM ekeSAm tathA anyeSAm padoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai jo pANinIya ke nIce likhe sUtroM ke samAna hai : pANinIya yaGo'nyeSAm (1 / 2 / 78) dadhastathozca (8 // 2 // 38) dvirekeSAm (411150) vA nAma dhAtUnAm dvebhavata iti vaktavyam (6 / 1 / 3 vA0) AcArya zAkaTAyana ne apane zabdAnuzAsana ko pANini kI apekSA sarala banAne kI koziza kI hai| pANini, kAtyAyana aura pataJjali tInoM ne jisa kArya ko kiyA hai, use zAkaTAyana ne akele kara dikhAyA hai tathA sAtha hI pANinIya ke avaziSTa zabdoM kI siddhi bhI batalAI hai| vastutaH dekhA jAya to saMskRta bhASA kA koI bhI vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana kI barAbarI nahIM kara sakatA cAhe pANinI hI kyoM na hoN| zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zAkaTAyana ne apane samaya meM upalabdha pANinIya, kAtaMtra, cAndra tathA jainendra Adi samasta vyAkaraNa graMthoM kA maMthana kara sAra apane zabdAnuzAsana meM prastuta kiyA hai, jo zAkaTAyana kI adbhuta pratibhA kA paricAyaka hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM zabdAnuzAsana kI sampUrNa prakriyAoM kA khyAla rakhate hue samprati upalabdha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI pANinI ke sAtha tulanA kI jAyagI aura yaha prayAsa rahegA ki zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM pANini kI apekSA kauna sI maulikatA aura vizeSatA hai evaM vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se zAkaTAyana kA vidhAna kitanA upayogI hai| sarvaprathama pANini aura zAkaTAyana ke saMjJAprakaraNa para vicAra prastuta hai saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke prAyaH sabhI graMthoM meM sarvaprathama pAribhASika saMjJAoM kA prakaraNa pAyA jAtA hai, jisase yaha lAbha hotA hai ki Age Ane vAle saMjJA zabdoM dvArA saMkSepa meM kArya sampanna ho jAya, vahA~ unakA vizeSa artha samajhane meM kaThinAI na ho| pANinI aura zAkaTAyana meM bhI aise prakaraNa upalabdha haiN|

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( 56 ) pANini aura zAkaTAyana meM prayukta saMjJAoM ke pAribhASika zabda adhikAMza samAna haiM / yathA-saMkhyA, yuva, dhAtu, avyaya, anunAsika, vibhakti, samAsa, saMyoga, karma, upasarga ityAdi / parantu kahIM-kahIM para zAkaTAyana ne naye pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| yathApANini ke aGga ke lie prakRti, adhikaraNa ke lie AdhAra, vRddha ke lie du, pragRhya ke lie niSetra, savarNa ke lie sva, gati ke lie ti, tadrAja ke lie vi, gha ke lie Ga, gotra ke lie vaddha, avasAna ke lie virAma, prathama ke lie anya, madhyama ke lie yuSmad; uttama ke lie asmad tathA ekavacava; dvivacana, bahuvacana ke sthAna para eka, dvi, bahu, Adi ko rakhA hai| isake atirikta zAkaTAyana ne pANini ko karmapravacanIya, prAtipadika, SaD, saMhitA aura sat Adi saMjJAoM ko paribhASAoM ko bilkula hI chor3a diyA hai| svara aura vyaJjana vidhAna. saMjJAoM ke vivecana ke anantara zAkaTAyana ne pada, it, AkhyA, upasarga, ghi, vAmya Adi saMjJAoM kA bahuta hI lAghavapUrNa divecana kiyA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM isa prakAra ke vivecana kA abhAva pratIta hotA hai| pANini to vAkya aura AkhyA saMjJAoM kI paribhASA denA hI bhUla gye| paravartI vaiyAkaraNa kAtyAyana ne isa bhUla ko sudhArane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kiMtu unhoMne vAkya kI jo paribhASA "eka tiG vAkyam" kI hai vaha bhI adhUrI hI pratIta hotI hai / lekina zAkaTAyana ne 'tiGA vAkyam" (zA0 1 / 1 / 61) aisA sUtra banAkara vAkya kI spaSTa paribhASA kara dI hai tathA isI sUtra ko amoghavRtti meM "iha sAkSAt pAramparyeNa vAtiGantasya vizeSaNaM prayujyamAnabhaprayujyamAna vA tena tiGantena prayujyamAnenAprayujyamAnena vA saha vAkyaM bhavati" aisA artha kara aura hI suspaSTa kara diyA hai| evaM pANinIya ke yenAMga vikAra' (a0 2 / 3 / 30) tathA 'tRtIyA vidhAne prakRtyAdibhyaH upasaMkhyAnam' vArtika kA niveza karake 'yabhedaistadvadAkhyA' (zA0 113 / 130 ) sUtra racakara AkhyA saMjJA kI paribhASA dekara apanI maulikatA prardAzata kI hai| yadyapi pANinI ne 'ktAdalpAkhyAyAm' (a0 4 / 1 / 51), "vaiyAkaraNakhyAyAM caturthAH" ( a06|37 ) Adi sUtroM meM AkhyA zabda kA prayoga avazya kiyA hai| pANini ne 'upadeze'janunAsikait' (a0 1 / 3 / 2); 'halaMtyan'

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( 57 ) (a0 1233); 'AdiniTuDavaH' (a01|35); 'SaH pratyayasya' (a.1|3|6); "cuTU" (a0 1137), ina pA~ca sUtroM meM it saMjJA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kiMtu zAkaTAyana ne 'aprayogot' (zA0 1215) eka hI sUtra banAkara kAma calA liyA hai / yahA~ para zAkaTAyana jainendra vyAkaraNa ke kAryArtho'prayogIt" (1 / 3 / 3) sUtra ke sannikaTa hai| hema ne bhI zAkaTAyana kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai| isake atirikta pANini ne 'svarAdinipAtamavyayam' (a0 111137); 'taddhitapracAsarvavibhakti' ( a01|1|38); 'kRnmajantaH' ( a0 151139); 'katvAtosunkasunaH' ( a01|1140); 'avyayIbhAvazca' ( a0 111141 ) ina sUtroM meM avyayasaMjJA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| lekina zAkaTAyana ne 'tasvanDAmadhaNtasyAMkvAntuntisuptasvAbhAsvarAdInyavyayam (shaa01|1139) aisA lambAyamAna sUtra banAkara pANini ke pAMcoM sUtroM kA niveza kara liyA hai| yahA~ yara zAkaTAyana ne nipAta saMjJA ko avyayasaMjJA meM hI vilIna kara liyA hai arthAt cAdi ko nipAta na mAnakara sIdhA avyaya mAna liyaa| yaha eka saMkSiptIkaraNa kA laghutama prayAsa hai| pANini kA dhu saMjJA vidhAyaka 'dAdhA ghvadAp' ( a0 1 / 1 / 20 ) sUtra hai| zAkaTAyana ne isI saMjJA ke lie 'dAdhAdhvaja' (zA0 1123 ) sUtra likhA hai evaM pANini kA gha saMjJA vidhAyaka 'taraptamapau ghaH' ( a0 1 / 1 / 22 ) sUtra hai| zAkaTAyana ne ukta saMjJA ke lie 'toGaH' ( zA0 3 / 4 / 73 ) sUtra nirdeza kiyA hai / isa saMjJA ke kathana meM zAkaTAyana kI lAghavapUrNa dRSTi hai, kintu pANini kA hI anukaraNa pratIta hotA hai| hA~ gha saMjJA ke sthAna para zAkaTAyana ne 'GasaMjJA' nAmakaraNa kara diyA hai| donoM hI zabdAnuzAsakoM kA eka-sA hI bhAva hai| . zAkaTAyana aura pANini kI saMjJAoM meM eka maulika antara yaha hai ki pANini ne anusvAra, visarga, jihvAmUlIya aura upadhmAnIya ko vyaJjanavikAra mAnA hai| vastutaH anusvAra nakAra yA makAra janya hai| visarga sakAra yA kahIM rephajanya hotA hai| jihvAmUlIya aura upadhmAnIya donoM kramazaH ka, kha aura pa, pha ke pUrva visarga ke hI vikRta rUpa haiN| pANini ne ukta anusvAra, Adi ko apane pratyAhAra sUtroM meM-(varNasamAmnAya ) svatantra rUpa se koI sthAna nahIM diyA hai| paravartI pANinIya vaiyAkaraNoM ne isakI bar3I carcA kI hai ki ukta cAroM ko svaroM ke antargata mAnA jAe yA vyaJjanoM ke / pANinIya tantra ke

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udbhaTa vidvAna kAtyAyana ne svara, vyaJjana donoM meM hI parigaNita karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| maharSi pataJjali ne bhI isakA pUrNa samarthana kiyA hai| zAkaTAyana ne 'zaSasa aM aH ka par' pratyAhAra sUtra racakara anusvAra, visarga, jihvAmUlIya aura upadhmAnIya ko vyaJjanoM meM sthAna diyA hai| jainendra vyAkaraNa meM bhI anusvAra, visarga, jihvAmUlIya, aura upadhmAnIya ko vyaJjanoM ke antargata mAnA hai| yahA~ aisA lagatA hai ki zAkaTAyana isa sthala para pANini kI apekSA jainendra se jyAdA prabhAvita haiN| zAkaTAyana kA anusvAra Adi ko vyaJjanoM ke antargata svIkAra kiyA jAnA adhika tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke mUlAdhAra mAhezvara sUtra haiN| inheM akSara samAmnAya, varNasamAmnAya aura pratyAhAra sUtra ityAdi aneka nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai / ye caudaha pratyAhAra isa prakAra haiM (1) aiuN (2) Rluk (3) eoGa (4) aioc (5) hayavaraT (6) laN (7) amaGaNanam (8) jhabhaJ (9) ghaDhadhaS (10) jabagar3adaz (11) khaphachaThathacaTatav (12) kapay (13) zaSasar (14) hala zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM pratyAhAra sUtra upalabdha haiN| inakA mUlAdhAra bhI pANinIya sUtra hI hai| kintu pANinIya sUtroM meM kucha varNa-viparyaya karake zAkaTAyana ne isa prakAra se pratyAhAra sUtroM ko banAyA (1) aiuN (2) Rk (3) eoG (4) aioc (5) hayavaralaJ (6) amaGaNanam (7) jabagaDadaza (8) jhamaghadadhaSa (9) khaphachaThathaTa (10) caTatava (11) kapay (12) zaSasaaMaHXka par (13) hala isa prakAra pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM caudaha pratyAhAra sUtra haiM kintu zAkaTAyana zabdAnuzAsana meM 13 sUtra haiM / mahAbhASya ke dvitIya Ahnika meM vArtikAra-kAtyAyana ne 'Rluk' sUtra meM lukAra kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai| tadanusAra zAkaTAyana ne 'Rlaka' ke sthAna para 'Rka' sUtra rakhA hai| isa sthala para zAkaTAyana jainendra se jyAdA prabhAvita haiN| pANini ne aiuNa' aura 'laN' ina do sUtroM meM do bAra NakAra anubandha lagAyA hai| ina do NakAroM kA upAdAna kyoM kiyA hai ? isa para 'vyAkhyAnato vizeSapratipattiH naii saMdehAdalakSaNam' yaha paribhASA jJApita kI hai| zAkaTAyana isa vivAda meM nahIM par3anA cAhate haiN| inhoMne 'hayavaralaJ' isa

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prakAra sUtra banAkara NakAra ke do bAra Ane kI samasyA kA hamezA ke lie nirAkaraNa kara diyA hai| yahA~ para zAkaTAyana jainendra kI apekSA cAndra se adhika prabhAvita haiN| __zAkaTAyana ke pratyAhAra sUtroM meM isake alAvA vizeSatA yaha hai ki unameM 'jhamaJ' aura 'ghar3hadhaS' sUtra ko pRthak-pRthak nahIM rakhA gayA hai, kintu 'jhabhaghaDhavaS' eka hI sUtra banAkara vargoM ke caturtha varNoM ko eka hI sUtra meM saMkalita kara diyA hai tathA vargoM ke prathama vargoM ke grahaNa ke lie pANini ke 'khaphachaThakacaTatava' sUtra ko tor3akara 'caTata' pRthaka sUtra kara diyA hai| pANinIya varNasamAmnAya kI taraha zAkaTAyana meM bhI hakAra do bAra AyA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 41, 43, 44 pratyAhAra rUpa prApta hote haiM kintu zAkaTAyana meM mAtra 38 pratyAhAra hI upalabdha haiN| pANinIya tantra meM 'ac sandhi', 'hala sandhi', 'visarga sandhi' aura 'svAdi sandhi' ye cAra sandhiyA~ svIkAra kI gaI haiM, kintu zAkaTAyana tantra meM 'ac sandhi', 'niSedha sandhi', 'dvitva sandhi', 'hala sandhi' aura 'visarjanIya sandhi' ye pAMca sandhiyA~ haiN| donoM vyAkaraNoM meM sarvaprathama ac sandhi kA hI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| kintu prayogoM ke AdhAra para kahIM-kahIM viSamatA dikhalAI par3atI hai| zAkaTAyana ne 'na' (zA0 111170) sUtra dvArA virAma meM sandhi kArya kA niSedha kiyA hai, evaM avirAma sandhi kA vidhAna mAnakara 'na' sUtra ko adhikAra sUtra svIkAra kiyA hai| ac sandhi ke prArambha meM sarvaprathama zAkaTAyana ne ayAdi sandhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai| pANini meM isa sandhi ke lie 'eco'yAvAyAvaH' ( a0 6.1 78) sUtra hai jo zAkaTAyana ke 'eco'cyayavAyA' (zA0 11171) sUtra ke tulya hai| isake uparAnta zAkaTAyana ne 'asve' (111173) sUtra dvArA yaNa sandhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai| jo pANini ke 'iko yaNaci' (a0 6 / 1 / 77) ke samAna hai / ina sthaloM para donoM vyAkaraNoM kA samAna bhAva hai| zAkaTAyana ne guNa sandhi meM R ke sthAna para ar aura lU ke sthAna ala kiyA hai| pANini ko isI kArya ke pRthak 'uraNaraparaH' (a0 11 // 51) sUtra likhanA par3A hai| isa sthala para zAkaTAyana ne eka sUtra kI bacata kara 'imyeGara' (zA0 111182) sUtra meM hI ukta kArya ko siddha kara diyA hai| zAkaTAyana ne yaN sandhi ke prasaGga meM 'hrasvovA'pade' (111174)

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( 60 ) / 1 - sUtra kA ullekha kiyA hai isake dvArA dadhI + atra = dadhiatra, dadhyatra: nadI + eSA = nadieSA, nadyeSA Adi rUpa siddha hote haiM / pANini meM hrasva vidhAna kA niyama nahIM hai / yaha zAkaTAyana kI apanI udbhAvanA hai / zAkaTAyana ne prakRtibhAva sandhi ko niSedha sandhi kahA hai / u iti, viti; tathA UM iti ina rUpoM kI sAdhanikA ke lie pANini ne 'una' (1|1|17) tathA 'OM' (1|1|18) ye do sUtra likhe haiM, zAkaTAyana ne ukta rUpoM ko siddhi 'UMcotra : ' (1|1|104) sUtra dvArA -kara dI hai / upaiti upedhate, praSThohaH, ina prayogoM kI siddhi ke lie pANini ne 'etyedhatyUTsa' (a0 6 | 1|89 ) sUtra likhA hai / zAkaTAyana ne isa sthala para 'ejUcyaic (1|1|83) sUtra banAkara sarvatra vRddhi prApta sthaloM para pratyA-hAra ke dvArA hI kArya sampanna kara liyA hai / yahA~ zAkaTAyana ne mahatlAghavapUrNa dRSTi kA Azraya liyA hai / 'i indraM pazya', 'u uttiSTha' Adi prayogoM meM pANini ne 'nipAta ekAjanAG (a0 1|1|14) sUtra se pragRhya saMjJA kA vidhAna kara pluta pragRhyA aci nityam' (a0 6 | 1|123) sUtra se prakRti bhAva kiyA / zAkaTAyana ne 'cAderaco'nAG ' (1|1|101) sUtra dvArA hI ukta prayogoM kI sAnikA pradarzita kI hai / niSedha sandhi ke anantara hI zAkaTAyana ne dvitva sandhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai / pANinIya tantra meM dvitva sandhi pRthaka prakaraNa nahIM hai, prAyaH ac sandhi se lekara visarga paryanta dvitvavidhi upalabdha hotI hai / yathA --- pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 'pratyaGGAtmA', 'kRGGAste' Adi prayoga siddhi ke liye 'Gamo hrasvAda ciGamunityam' (a0 8 3/32) sUtra dvArA GamuTAgamakara ukta rUpa siddha kiye haiM kintu zAkaTAyana ne 'hrasvAnGamaH padAnte' (1|1|123) sUtra se dvitvavidhi svIkAra kI hai / zAkaTAyana aura pANini kI hal sandhi prAyaH samAna hai kintu kahIMkahIM prayogoM kI siddhi meM bhinna-bhinna sAdhanikA pradarzita hai / zAkaTAyana ne' samrATa' zabda kI siddhi 'samrATa' (1|1|113) sUtra dvArA kI hai / yahA~ para zAkaTAyana ne makAra nipAtana se hI grahaNa kara liyA hai jaba ki pANini ne 'mo rAji samaH kvI' (a0 8 |3|25) sUtra meM isakI prakriyA

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pradarzita kI hai yadyapi (1|1|113) sUtra ke pahale zAkaTAyana savakAlyaka anusvAra kA vidhAna hai to bhI unhoMne anusvAra ke abhAva kI bAta nahIM kahI / hema ne bhI isa prakriyA kA anusaraNa kara zAkaTAyana kA samarthana kiyA hai| pANini ke " zachoDaTi" (a0 8|4|63) sUtra para 'chatvamamIti vAcyam' yaha kAtyAyana vArtika hai / zAkaTAyana ne isa AdhAra para 'zarachosmi' (1|1|144) sUtra hI banA DAlA hai / isa prakAra zAkaTAyana ne katipaya sUtra apane vyAkaraNa meM kAtyAyana ke vArtikoM ko sUtra rUpa meM darzAyA hai kAtyAyana vArtika prAdRhoDhoDhyeSaiSyeSu ( 6 | 1|897 vA. ) prasyoDhoDhyUheSaiSye (1|1|84 ) eve'niyoge (1|1|87) voSThautI samAse (1|188) eve cAniyoge pararUpaM vaktavyam (661194 vA0 ) otvoSThayoH samAse vA pararUpaM vaktavyam (6 / 1 94 vA0 ) he pare vA (a08/3/26) ye pare yavalA vA (vA0 ) napare naH ( a0 8|3|27 ) 'na padAntATToranAm' (a0 824142) anAmnavati nagarINAmiti vaktavyam (vA0 ) akSAdU hinyAM vRddhirvaktavyA svAdaureriyo buddhirvavyA (6|1|89 vA0 ) zAkaTAyana hivyani (1|1|112 ) To: padAnte'nAmnagarI navate (8181880) } svairasvairyakSauhiNyAm (111185) isa prakAra zAkaTAyana ne apane zabdAnuzAsana meM pANini ke sUtroM para kAtyAyana ke vArtika kA niveza kara 372 sUtra racakara lAghavapUrNaM dRSTi ko svIkAra kiyA hai tathA svakIya udbhAvanA darzAta hu DhaMga evaM maulikatA prastuta kI hai| vaijJAnika

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munizrI depAla : jIvana aura kRtitva DaoN0 sanatkumAra raMgATiyA paMdrahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNoM meM vidyamAna munizrI depAla kA pracura pramANa meM sAhitya upalabdha hotA hai / kavi kA aparanAma depA batAyA jAtA hai / " svayaM kavi ne apane lie 'deva' zabda kA upayoga kiyA hai / samagra sAhitya meM unake jIvanaviSayaka saMketa kA abhAva hai / sarvaprathama zrAvaka kavi RSabhadAsa ne apane 'kumArapAla rAsa' (saM0 1670) meM unakA ullekha kiyA hai Agi je moTA kavirAya, tAsa caraNa RSabhAya / 'haMsarAja, vAcho, depAla, mAla, hemanI buddhi visAla ! 1 3 tapAgaccha AmnAya ke zrI vijayasenasUri ke samaya meM zrI kanakavijayajI ke ziSya zrI guNavijayajI ne saM0 1687 meM viracita ' kocaravyavahArI rAsa' meM depAla ke jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra saMketa kiyA hai * - ' gujarAta meM sthita ANahilapurapaTTaNa ke nikaTa salaNapura (zaMkhalapura ) meM vedozAha nAmaka vIzA progvATa vaNika thaa| unakI patnI kA nAma bIramade aura putra kA nAma kocara thA / tatrastha bahicara grAma meM sthita bahucarAjI mAtA ke mandira meM pazubali hotI thI / kocara atyaMta vyathita thA / kAlAntara meM jaba kocara khaMbhAta gayA taba desalaharA sAhaNa zreSTha se usakA saMparka huA / zrI sumatisAdhusUrijI se prerita sAhaNa ne sulatAna se parAmarza karake kocara ko bAraha gA~va kA adhikArI banavAyA jisase bahucarAjI meM ahiMsA sthApita huii| usI samaya depAla dillI se gujarAta Aye the / ve dillI nivAsI desalaharA samarA aura sAraMga ke Azrita the / ' OPP 2. zrI depAla - hasta prata -- 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jaina gUrjara kavio bhAga - 1 pR0 30. - dhannAzAlibhadra bhAma, jaMbusvAmI caupaI, 3. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharansa heraoNlDa- pR0 385. 4. zrI vijaya dharmasUri-- aitihAsika rAsa saMgraha - bhAga - 1 pR0 2-4

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( 63 ) 'desalaharA ' vaMza vizeSa hai / usI vaMza meM zivazaMkara kI patnI devalade ne saM0 1516 caitra zuklA aSTamI ke dina upakezagacchIya vAcanAcArya vittasArajI ko suvarNAkSarI kalpasUtra samarpita kiyA thA / usameM prApta prazasti ke anusAra 'desala' vaMza kA ullekha isa prakAra hai sahaja sAhaNa nAyaMda 1 AjaDa 1 sulakSaNa samara sAjaha satya DuMgara sAliga svarNapAla sajjana uparyukta samara aura sahaja ke putra sAraMga kA nivAsasthAna dillI thA / sAhaNa aura sajjana ne vANijya ke hetu khaMbhAta meM nivAsa kiyA thA / zaMkhezvara kI yAtrA ke samaya kocara ke vyavahAra se prabhAvita depAla ne khaMbhAta meM sAhaNa ke sammukha kocara kI prazaMsA kii| IrSyA- prerita sAhaNa ne kocara ko kaida karavAyA / zatruMjaya yAtrA se lauTate samaya jaba depAla khaMbhAta Aye taba ukta samAcAra se vyathita hue / unhoMne sAhaNa kI A~kheM kholane ke lie isa prakAra kavitta banAyAH valI lahucari kerA pUjArA haraSaI manaha majhAri / jIva haNAi ghaNA mahiSAdika teha taNau nahIM pAra | kocara sAhamIvacchala kIdhauM taMi kuuvaMta ji vAri / bAre gAme avalI mUThi rAhavI palai amAri // arthAt kocara kA amala naSTa hone se maMdira ke pujArI atyanta harSita haiM / aba mahiSAdi kA vadha hone lagA hai / tere pratApa se bAraha gA~voM meM 'ulaTI mUTha' se ahiMsA kA pAlana ho rahA hai / lajjita ho sAhaNa ne punaH kocara ko kaida se mukta karavAyA aura depAla ko dAna diyA / prastuta rAsa meM depAla ko yAcaka batAyA gayA hai / kintu kocara ne

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( 64 ) anyatra unheM 'ThAkura' saMbodhana kiyA hai| vastutaH 'ThAkura' bhojaka jAti kA adyAvadhi sammAnIya virud hai / zrI depAla, vartamAna bhojaka jJAti ke Adyaguru mAne jAte haiM / gujarAta ke sImAnta pradeza meM sthita 'tharAda' bhojakoM kA AdisthAna mAnA jAtA hai / kisI samaya yahA~ ke jaina atyaMta Udhama macAnevAle the / koI bhI jainAcArya cAturmAsa vyatIta karane ke lie tharAda ko pasanda nahIM karate the / depAla ne pratibodha dene ke hetu himmatapUrvaka isI sthAna ko cunaa| grAma praveza se pUrva eka cAdara meM IMTeM bA~dha liiN| upAzraya meM jAkara bar3e piTAre meM baMda kara diiN| pratidina dhArmika pravacana meM prAyaH gapazapa karate rahe aura una pustakoM ke sambandha meM mauna rahe, jo piTAre meM baMda thiiN| jainoM kI jijJAsA ko cAturmAsa kI avadhi taka bar3hAye rakhA / antataH rahasyodghATana karate hue kahA 'Apa logoM ke lie ye ror3e hI to jJAna haiM !' logoM ne kSamA-yAcanA karate hue dharma meM sumati kA vArA kiyA | pratIta hotA hai ki depAla masta prakAra ke dharmopadezaka the / unakA svAbhimAnI phakkar3a vyaktitva unake sAhitya meM sarvatra parilakSita hotA hai / kathA- kAvya meM vAkcAturya darzanIya hai / nATyAtmaka zailI unakI maulikatA hai / unake 50 varSaM pazcAt viracita 'kocara vyavahArI rAsa' meM sthAna-sthAna para 'vAcAla', 'buddhinidhAna', 'kavirAja' Adi vizeSaNa prayukta haiN| unakI prAcInatama kRti 'thUlabhadda phAka' saM. 1473 meM lipi baddha hai, ataH siddha hai ki isakI racanA saM. 1473 pUrva huI thI / ahamadA bAda nivAsI paMDita a0 mo0 bhojaka ke nijI saMgraha meM depAla ke hastAkSara meM eka kRti lipibaddha prApta hotI hai / paMDita somacaMdakRta 'vRttaratnAkaravRtti' saMvata 1518 meM 'ThAkura devAlena' likhita hai / ata: depAla ke jIvanakAla ko 15vIM zatI ke antima caraNa meM mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai unakI sabhI racanAe~ anya lipikAra dvArA lipibaddha huI haiM, ataH unake jIvanakAla meM hI ye kRtiyA~ adhika janapriya rahI hoMgI / adhyetA ne ahamadAbAda, bar3audA, jodhapura Adi sthAnoM meM paribhramaNa karake unakI 25 kRtiyoM kA patA lagAyA hai aura aneka kRtiyoM kI pratilipiyA~ kI haiM / racanAe~ - zrI depAla kI vipula sAhitya sAmagrI ekAdhika jaina bhaMDAroM meM upalabdha hai, yathA-jAvaDabhAvaDa rAsa, abhayakumAra zreNika rAsa, jIrA palli pArzvanAtha rAsa, bhImasiMha rAsa, caMdanabAlA caupaI, jaMbu svAmI

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caupaI labhadda kAka, thUlamadda bhAsa, dhannA zAlibhadda bhAsa, kalpasUtra bhAsa, naukAra bhAsa, gautamasvAmI bhAsa, ArdrakumAra vivAelu (apUrNa), neminAtha vivAhalo, Adi / inake atirikta gIta, stavana Adi yatra-tatra bikhare hue haiM, yathA-thAvaccAsuta gIta, veDalI gIta, pAlIyatANA gIta, kharataravasahI gIta, thulabhadra gIta, kAyA beDI svAdhyAya, zatrujaya girivara phUla.DAM, samarA sAraMga kaDakho, zAzvat jina stavana, snAtravidhi, hariyAlI stavaka aadi| depAla ke sAhitya ke parizIlana se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki vibhinna kAvya prakAra ke nirmAtA kA pramukha uddezya dharma pracAra thaa| jaina dharma meM mUlataH cAra anuyoga haiM; yathA, kathAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga, caraNakaraNAnuyoga aura gaNitAnuyoga / depAla sAhitya meM ina cAroM anuyogoM kA nyUnaHdhika varNana yatra-tatra upalabdha hotA hai| kathAnuyoga ke antargata aitihAsika aura kalpita kathA paddhati prApta hotI hai| ataH adhika suvidhA ke lie nimnalikhita vibhAjana ucita hogaa| (a) gaNitAnuyoga para AdhArita racanAe~ jinameM sthAna vikSepa kA bhaugolika varNana prApta hotA hai| 'jIrApalli pArzvanAtha rAsa meM sirohI sthita jaina tIrtha kA varNana hai| mAlava, mAravAr3a, siMdha, soraTha Adi kI zrAvikAeM tIrthayAtrA meM sammilita hotI haiN| pratyeka apaneapane pradeza kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana karatI haiN| aMta meM nAgora kI zrAvikA unake pArasparika vivAda ko samApta karake sabako prabhapUjA meM lIna kara detI hai| nATyAtmaka zailI isa kRti kI pradhAna vizeSatA hai| zatruJjaya tIrthayAtrA se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne pAlIyatANA kA sundara varNana kiyA hai pAlIyatANaU~ vimala tAla jUnaugaDha giranAri / lalata sarovara vimala gira Ujila sovanareSa / vAruda vADIya vimalagire Ujila savi vnraay| vimalagiri nirmalajala Ujili gaNapati gaMga / -zatrujaya girivara phUlaDAM 'thaMbhi thaMbhi tihA~ pUtalIya hasaMta ramaMta khelaMtI dIsai / -kharatara vasahI gIta 5. saMpA0 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, mabhAratI, varSa 2, aMka 3, pR0 51.55.

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( 66 ) (A) dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAvanA, naitika upadeza Adi kI pradhAnatA lekara calanevAlI racanAe~ svatantra rUpa se upalabdha nahIM haiM / yathAvasara unhoMne kathAvastu meM sundara upadeza gumphita kiyA hai yathA pANI taNai viyogi kAdama jima phATai hIu~ / tima jai mANasa hoi sAcA neha patIjai / je sUrA je paDiyA te garuA guNadhIra / nArI tevi nacAviA je nara bAvanabIra / - caMdanabAlAca upaI mRgalAM bahu peSatAM sIha paDI mRga lei / maraNa sIha tima jIvanai aNacI tiu~ dukha dei / Apa savAratha vallahau~ navi vallahu~ para suminaMtara sohAmaNau~ bhai pari pAmiu~ - abhayakumAra zreNika rAsa bhAratIya Adarza nArI kA praNaya kisI eka ko samarpita hotA hai / usake mana meM pati AkAza ke samAna hai / candra, tArA, jaladhara Adi ko Azraya denevAle AkAza kI bhA~ti patirUpa AkAza ke Azraya meM pallavita honA use adhika pasanda hai --- mai pariNi tU kehau lAbha jevahau mAthA Upari Ama / Abha AdhAri caMda jasU Abha AdhAri jalahara pUra / Abha AdhAri tArA vasai Abha pramANi koI navi bhavai / -- abhayakumAra zreNika rAsa yadi 'kanyA vikraya karai ji koi, roma saMkha tasa hatyA hoi' kahakara samAja meM nArI kA sthAna nirdeza kiyA to dUsarI ora nArI pratiSThA bhI nirUpita kI gaI hai / vivAha se vimukha bhAvaDa sulalita ke sAmane strI kI niMdA karate hue puruSa kI sarvoparitA siddha karatA hai, to sulalita strI kI sarvoparitA siddha karake use mauna kara detI hai ---- - jaMbusvAmIca upaI kajja / ajja || janama lagai strI karai upagAra Apa vaDaI rASIu marAri / vAsudeva jiNa cakkA hivai strI kUMSaI UpannA savai / je jaga jaMpaI strI caritra tetA sarasati graMtha pavitra / je nara maraI te suNi AcAra chaMDai hArAhAra siNagAra / nAri sarisau nara navi marai navi AbharaNa aMgi Utarai -jAvaDa bhAvaDa rAsa

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sulalita kA prativAda itanA sabala hai ki usakA pratyuttara Aja bhI denA asambhava hai| ___'saMsAra samadra apAro' Adhi vyAdhi upAdhi se pUrNa hai| tIvra pralobhana sahita AtmA apanI yAtrA kA prAraMbha karatI hai| lekina mAhi magara paMcavIsa taNa u bhakta, yovani velusa vAjai / jvarA taNai Aha lii tuhau tana tRSNA gaNi gaaji| --kAyAbeDI svAdhyAya yauvana ke veNunAda ke pazcAt jarAvasthA cupacApa A jAtI hai, taba 'uDhaNNu' rUpa jIva khinna ho jAtA hai / 'zakaro' rUpa kuTumba isa kotuka ko savinoda nissahAya dekhA karatA hai jisase krodharU agni meM vaha jalatA rahatA hai aura vizvAnara rUpa jIva viSayAdi se kA~pa uThatA hai| jarAvasthA kA sundara citraNa darzanIya hai nImA dhovaha uDhaNa rovai zakaro biTho kotiga jovai / Agi bali aMgITho tApai vizvAnara baiTho tAdi kNpi|| -hariyAlI stavaka isalie isa kAyA rUpa naukA kA mukhya staMbha dRr3ha honA caahie| zIla tathA sukRta se saDha ko sajAnA hogaa| paMcendriya rUpa pA~ca pATiyoM se nirmita isa naukA kI prazaMsA yA aprazaMsA kyoM ko jAya ? AMtarika nAvika hI 'niraJjana sthAna para pahu~cAne meM asamartha hai beDalI pA~ca ji pAhiyA~ baMdhati sAr3hI koDi / belAM paMca palAsIyA ma vANisi ma vaSoDi / baMbha SaMbha dRDha cAhoi jAlavaNI prvaann| sola sukRta siDha chAMhaDI vinau viveka suMthANa / ika mAlima isa nAhau eka rAu aMtari raau| tiha nAyaka nita niu chaNAM nipuNa niraMjana tthaau|-beddlii gIta kintu sadguru ho naukA pAra kara sakate haiM suhaguru samaratha sukhadAtAra suhaguru baru dukha pheDaNahAra / suhaguru duragati udharai mugatipaMtha naI puhatA krii| kalpasUtra tathA namaskAra maMtra kA mAhAtmya kramazaH kalpasUtra bhAsa aura naukAra bhAsa meM nirUpita hai| __ (i) kathAnuyoga para AdhArita racanAe~-jinake kathAtatva aura laukika do prabheda hote haiN| (1) aitihAsika kathAtattva ke antargata tIrthakara, mahAmuni, vivAhavarNana, cakravartI rAjA, tIrthoddhAraka zrAvaka

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( 68 ) aura rAjA Adi samAviSTa haiM / (2) laukika Adi ke prasaMgoM ko upajIvya banAkara calanevAlI racanA yathA abhayakumAra zreNika rAsa / 'rAsa' nAmaka racanAe~ nRtya sahita gAI jAtI thI aura unakA sasvara pATha hotA thaa| paMdrahavIM zatI taka jaina rAsoM kA svarUpa nirmANa ho rahA thaa| terahavIM zatI meM viracita rAsoM meM dhArmika sthaloM kI prazasti hotI thii| caudahavIM zatI ke rAsoM meM paurANika aura kAlpanika kathAoM kA samAveza hone lgaa| paMdrahavIM zatI ke rAsa ke vastutattva meM lokakathAe~ nijadharI kathAe~ aura janavizvAsa pracura mAtrA meM praviSTa he| ye racanAe~ vastu saMgaThana, varNana vistAra, zailI tathA kathAnirUpaNa kI dRSTi se prabandha kI koTi meM A jAtI haiN| DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke anusAra jisa prakAra 'vilAsa' nAma dekara carita kAvya likhe gae, 'rUpaka' nAma dekara caritakAvya likhe gae, 'prakAza' nAma dekara bhI caritakAvya likhe gae, usI prakAra 'rAso' yA rAsaka nAma dekara bhI caritakAvya likhe ge|' depAla ne 'caMdanabAlA caupaI' ko caritra kahA hai / 7 'jaMbUsvAmI caupaI' kA bhI yahI hAla hai| 'jaMbUsvAmI caupaI' (li.saM. 1574) meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paTTaziSya gaNadhara sudharma pramukha ziSya jambUsvAmI kA caritra-citraNa kiyA gayA hai| jambUsvAmI jaina dharma ke mahAmuni haiN| unake pazcAt kisI bhI zramaNa ko nirvANa pada prApta nahIM huaa| yaunAvasthA meM anicchA hote hue bhI jambUsvAmI ne ATha kanyAoM kA pANigrahaNa kiyaa| itane meM prabhava cora corI karane ke hetu praviSTa huaa| cora sameta ATha patniyoM ko pratibodhita karake sabhI sudharma se dIkSita hote haiN| _ 'caMdanabAlA caupaI' (li. saM. 1590) meM caMdanabAlA kA caritracitraNa kiyA gayA hai / jaina dharma meM satI zrAvikAoM meM caMdanabAlA kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai / isakA kathAnaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambaddha hai| jaina AgamoM se lekara adyAvadhi caMdanabAlA ke viSaya meM vipula sAhitya upalabdha hotA hai| depAla ne paraMparAgata kathA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| ___ 'bhImasiMha rAga' meM dAnavIra bhImasAha kA saMkSipta caritra varNita hai| vi. saM. 1376 meM dubhikSa ke samaya gurjara bhIma zAha ne dAna karma se aneka 6. DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR060-61. 7. caMdaNabAla caritra bhaNa bUdhimAna rasAla / / 1 / /

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logoM ke jIvana ko rakSA kI thii| AbU parvata para sthita bhImasiMha prAsAda adyAvadhi vartamAna hai| ___ 'abhayakumAra zreNika rAsa' (li. saM. 1539 ) kA pUrNa paricaya lekhaka dvArA 'zramaNa' meM prakAzita kiyA gayA / isakI pada saMkhyA 321 hai| AkAra kI dRSTi se yaha sudIrgha kRti hai| abhayakumAra prakhara buddhi ke lie prasiddha haiN| isake pitA prasiddha magadhapati zreNika bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna haiN| abhaya kumAra ke sampUrNa jIvana para AdhArita prastuta kRti, kAvya sauSThava tathA rasa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| tatkAlIna vikAsAtmaka bhASA ke adhyayana ke lie prastuta kRti nissaMdeha upAdeya hai| _ 'thulibhadda kAka' (li. saM. 1473) meM kakaharA zailI meM 'sthalibhadrakosA' ke prasaMga ko 36 padoM meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| prastuta kRti depAla kI sarvaprathama racanA hone se bhASA dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| eka udAharaNa samucita hogA jara rakkhasi java Avisii nava nAsesi ne ho| paNau tA jANIae jA~ lagi jovaNu eho // 10 // jhalahalaMta kaMcaNa rayaNahau~ navi bhAgauM hava / jhANa misiiM pAkhaMDa priya tauM mana maMDisi deva / / 11 // Tagamaga joisi rahaNa pria rahIA cyArai mAsa / TAle viNa savi AkhaDIa pUrisu mama mani Asa / / 13 / / isake atirikta 'thulabhadda bhAsa' tathA 'thulabhadda gIta' bhI upalabdha hai / vastutaH bhAsa sargasUcaka zabda hai| saMskRta mahAkAvyoM ko sargabaddha zailo ke samAna apabhraMza prabandha kAvya aneka sandhiyoM meM vibhakta hote haiN| pratyeka sandhi meM ekAdhika kar3avaka milate haiM / kAlAntara meM kar3avaka kA sthAna 'ThavaNI' tathA 'bhAsa' ne grahaNa kiyaa| 'dhannAzAlibhadda bhAsa' tathA 'gautamasvAmI bhAsa' gIta hI haiN| ArdrakumAra para AdhArita apUrNa kRti 'ArdrakumAra vivAhala' tathA neminAtha kA svarUpa varNana 'neminAtha vivAhalo' meM prApta hotA hai| vastutaH paMdrahavIM zatI ke pramukha jaina kaviyoM meM depAla kA sthAna agragaNya hai| kathAvastu, kAvyasauSThava, bhASA evaM zailI ko dRSTi se devAla kA sAhitya mahattvapUrNa hai| gujarAta ke isa pratibhAvAn jainAcArya ke sAhitya kA anveSaNa-anuzIlana vistRta saMzodhana kI pratIkSA meM hai| . 8. dekhie, lekhaka kA lekha-amayakumAra zreNika rAsa, zramaNa, varSa 19 aMka 10.11

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merutuGga ke jainameghadUta kA eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zrI ravizaMkara mizra (zodhachAtra) dUtakAvya vidhA ke sAhitya ne saMskRta-sAhitya meM gIti-kAvya ( Lyric Pcetry ) ke abhAva kI pUrti kI hai| dUta-kAvya viraha yA vipralambha zRGgAra kI pRSThabhUmi lekara likhe gaye haiN| inameM nAyaka dvArA nAyikA ke prati yA nAyikA dvArA nAyaka ke prati kisI dUta ke mAdhyama se bhejA gayA sandeza citrita hotA hai| dUta kA kArya koI puruSa, pakSI, bhramara, megha, pavana, candramA, mana yA zIla Adi tattvoM se karAyA jAtA hai| isa zailI meM do tattva dekhe jAte haiM-eka viyoga aura dUsarA prakRti yA bhAvanA kA mAnavIkaraNa / yadyapi prasaMgavazAt, dUta-kAvyoM meM nagara, parvata, nadI, sUryodaya, candrodaya, rAtri, vasanta, jalakrIr3A Adi kA varNana rahatA hai; para vaha itanA saMkSipta hotA hai ki kAvya bar3e AkAra kA bana hI nahIM pAtA hai| isIlie inheM gIti-kAvya ke sAtha hI khaNDa-kAvya bhI kahate haiN| vaise to bhAvanAkrAnta mAnasa dvArA prANi vizeSa ko dUta banAkara preyasI ke pAsa sandeza bhejane kI sUjha prAcIna sAhitya meM bhI milatI hai, jaise- saramA-paNi samvAda ( Rgveda 108 / 10811-110) / para, mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA meghadUta isakA anokhA udAharaNa hai| saMskRta ke dUtakAvyoM kI racanA meM yahI meghadUta sabase agraNI hai| bAda ke dUta kAvyoM kI racanA meM ukta kAvya se sahAyatA grahaNa karane ke spaSTa saMketa milate haiN| kAlidAsa ne megha-saMdeza meM kAvya kA jaisA vibhAjana evaM kathAvastu kA jaisA tAratamya rakhA hai, vaha itanA manovaijJAnika hai, vyavasthita hai ki bAda meM sabhI kAvyoM meM usakA pUrNatayA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / kAli-. dAsa ne apane sandeza-kAvya dvArA sandeza-kAvyoM kA eka navIna hI zilpa-vidhAna nirdhArita kara diyA jo Age calakara paravartI kaviyoM

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( 71 ) ke lie eka Adarza-sA ho gayA aura unheM sandeza-kAvyoM ke likhane meM mArga-pradarzana karatA rahA hai| dUta-kAvya viraha kI hI pRSThabhUmi ko lekara race gaye haiM / una prAcIna granthoM meM bhI jinameM ki sandeza-kAvyoM ke Adi-tattva pAye jAte haiM, prema athavA viraha ke prasaMga meM hI dUta dvArA sandeza-preSaNa kA vRttAMta upalabdha hotA hai| ghaTakarpara kAvya tathA megha-sandeza jinameM sandeza-kAvya kA prArambhika evaM pUrNa vikasita rUpa kramazaH upalabdha hotA hai, viraha ke hI prasaMga ko lekara race gaye haiN| sAhityazAstra meM viraha kI jitanI kAma. dazAeM batAI gaI haiM una sabakA sandeza-kAvyoM meM bar3A kramika evaM manovaijJAnika varNana prApta hotA hai| viraha kA jaisA sarvAGgINa varNana ina sandeza kAvyoM meM prApta hotA hai vaisA anyatra kahIM bhI dekhane meM nahIM AtA hai| ataH dUtakAvya apane mUlarUpa meM zRMgAra-rasa pradhAna ho hai| yadyapi isa prakAra ke praNaya-saMdeza kA janasAdhAraNa se koI sAkSAt sambandha nahIM phira bhI sahRdaya pAThaka kavi ke vicAroM ko hRdayaGgama kara apane jIvana meM isakA sadupayoga kara hI sakate haiN| svayaM kAlidAsa ne yakSa dvArA manuSya mAtra ke jIvana ke cirantana satya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / prAyaH dukha ke samaya manuSya ghabarA uThatA hai, hatAza ho jAtA hai| aise hI avasara para megha saMdeza kI yaha paMktiyA~___kasyAtyantaM sukhamupanataM duHkhamekAMtato vaa| nIcargacchatyupari ca dazA cakranemikrameNa / / duHkhasAgara meM nimagna pratyeka manuSya ke lie bar3A sAhasa denevAlI hai| megha saMdeza ke atirikta anya saMdeza-kAvyoM meM bhI jIvana saMbaMdhI kucha viziSTa anubhUtiyA~ dekhane meM AtI haiN| kaviyoM ne apane dUta-kAvyoM meM tattat sthAnoM para bar3e gambhIra vicAra pAThakoM ke sAmane rakhe haiN| jainamanISiyoM dvArA eka navIna uddezya ko lekara hI kucha saMdeza-kAvya race gaye haiN| zRGgAra-rasa ke vAtAvaraNa meM calanevAlI kAvya-paramparA ko unhoMne apanI pratibhA se dhArmika rUpa dekara eka naI dizA kI ora mor3a diyA hai / tyAga pradhAna jIvana meM pUrNa vizvAsa karanevAle jaina muniyoM ne apanI saMskRti ke ucca-tattvoM tathA pArzvanAtha aura neminAtha jaise mahApuruSoM ke jIvana-caritra apane saMdeza-kAvyoM meM aMkita kiye haiN| isa prakAra aJcala gacchIya AcArya mestuGga ne neminAtha ke jIvana-caritra ko

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( 72 ) lekara apanA jainameghadUta likhaa| vaise jaina kAvya-samAja meM merutuMga nAma ke do-tIna vidvAn hue haiN| unameM se granthakAra ke rUpa meM kevala do hI merutuga prasiddha hue haiN| eka merutuga jo caMdraprabhasUri ke ziSya haiM aura jinakI samaya-maryAdA vikrama kI caturdaza zatAbdI hai| inhoMne mahApuruSa carita, therAvalI, SaTdarzanavicAra Adi aneka graMtha likhe haiN| jainasAhitya meM yaha vidvAn bhI AcArya merutuga ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| dUsare merutuga aJcalagacchIya mahendraprabhasUri ke ziSya haiN| yaha dvitIya mestuga AcArya hI 'jainameghadUta' nAmaka kAvya ke racanAkAra haiM / inakA kAla vikrama kI paJcadaza zatAbdI nirdhArita hai| ___ mAravAr3a meM sthita nANI grAma ke poravAla vaMzIya vahorA vairasiMha kI patnI nIladevI ke garbha se vi0 saM0 1403 meM isa kAvyakAra kA janma huaa| vastika, vasto yA vastapAla isakA bacapana kA nAma thaa| aJcalagaccha ke prasiddha AcArya zrI mahendrapAlasUri se vahorA vastika ne dIkSA lI, taba isa bAlaka kA nAma 'merutuga' rakhA gyaa| kAlakrama se usake caritra, jJAna aura kriyAoM kA jaba pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA, taba usake guru ne vi0 saM0 1426 meM use pATana meM 'sUri' pada pradAna kiyaa| vi0 saM01445 phAlgana vadI ekAdazI ko use 'gaccha-nAyaka' kI bhI padavI prApta huii| gaccha aura apane saMca para usakA acchA prabhAva thaa| yaha bAta usake bAda kI kucha TippaNiyoM se bhI jJAta hotA hai| vi0 saM0 1471 mArgazIrSa sudI pUrNimA ke dina pATana meM isa vidvAn kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| isa prakAra apane 68 varSa ke doghaM jIvana-kAla meM yaha vidvAn sarvadA apane aura apane samAja ke vikAsa meM hI lagA rahA / aJcalagaccha kI padAvalI tathA usake rAsa ityAdi se lekhaka ke sambandha meM uparitana nirNaya na ho skaa| isa kavi ne jainameghadUta kAvya ke atirikta saptatikAbhASya, laghuzatapadI, dhAtupArAyaNa, SaDdarzana-samuccaya, bAla-bodha vyAkaraNa, sarimantrakalpasAroddhAra Adi anya granthoM ko bhI racA hai| kavi ne prAyaH pratyeka grantha ke anta meM prazasti dI hai. para usake racanA-kAla kA vivaraNa kahIM bhI nahIM diyA hai / isase pratyeka grantha kA kAla-nirdhAraNa ati kaSTasAdhya hai| AcArya ne isa meghadUta ke anta meM to granthakAra ke rUpa meM apanA nAma bhI nahIM diyA hai, para saptatikA-bhASya kI vRtti ko prazasti meM

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( 73 ) apane racita granthoM kA ullekha karate hue kavi ne isa meghadUta kA bhI nAma liyA hai tathA / kAvyaM zrI meghadUtA'khyaM SaDdarzana-samuccayaH, vRttibalAvabodhAkhyA dhAtupArAyaNaM evamAdi mahAgrantha nirmANa parAyaNAH, caturANAM ciraM cetazcamatkArAya ye'nvaham || neminAtha aura rAjImatI ( rAjula ) ke hI prasaMga ko lekara AcArya ne isa dUta-kAvya ko racA hai para isameM kavi ne dUsare dUta-kAvyoM ke samAna meghadUta ko samasyA pUrti kA Azraya nahIM liyA hai / mAtra nAmasAmya hI hai / racanA, zailI, vibhAga Adi meM yaha dUta-kAvya pUrNa svatantra hai / isa dUta-kAvya meM cAra sarga haiM tathA pratyeka sarga meM kramaza: 50, 49, 55 evaM 42 padya haiM / isa prakAra kula 196 padyoM se yaha dUta-kAvya sajAsa~varA hai | nemakumAra ( 22veM tIrthaMkara ) pazuoM kA karuNa krandana sunakara vaivAhika veza-bhUSA kA parityAga kara mArga se hI raivataka ( giranAra ) parvata para muni banakara tapasyA ke lie cale jAte haiM / rAjImatI jisake sAtha unakA vivAha ho rahA thA, ukta samAcAra sunakara mUcchita ho jAtI hai / sakhiyoM dvArA upacAra kiye jAne para use hoza AtA hai / hoza Ane para rAjula ne apane sAmane AkAza meM upasthita metra ko, apane virakta pati kA paricaya dekara priyatama ko zAnta karane, rijhAne ke lie dUta ke rUpa meM cunA aura apanI duHkhita avasthA varNana kara apane prANanAtha ko bhejanevAlA sandeza sunAyA / isa sandeza ko suna sakhiyA~ rAjImatI ko samajhAtI haiM ki nemikumAra manuSyabhava ko saphala banAne ke lie vItarAgI hue haiM / kahA~ to megha, kahA~ tumhArA sandeha aura kahA~ unakI vItarAgI pravRtti ? ina sabakA tanika bhI sambandha nahIM hai / anta meM rAjImatI zoka ko tyAga nemikumAra ke pAsa jAkara sAdhvI bana jAtI hai / kAlidAsa ke meghadUta ke anukaraNa para likhe jAne para bhI yaha kAvya kAlidAsa ke meghadUta se sarvathA bhinna hI hai / jaina paramparA meM upalabdha anya dUta kAvyoM kI bhAMti isameM samasyA pUrti nahIM kI gaI hai| para hA~ ! chanda avazya mandAkrAntA apanAyA gayA hai| kAvya kI nAyikA rAjImatI

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74 ) apane pati ke pAsa megha ko dUta banAkara bhejatI hai / isIlie isa kAvya kA nAma meghadUta hai / jainoM ke 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke jIvana-carita para AdhArita hone tathA eka jaina vidvAn kI kRti hone ke kAraNa ise 'jainameghadUta' kahA gayA hai, lekina bhASA-zailI, vicAra-tAratamya aura rasa kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya eka svatantra racanA hai | kavi kA bhASA para paryApta adhikAra hai, para jAna-bUjhakara kAvya ko jaTila banAyA gayA hai / kAvya prakAza meM jo yaha kahA gayA hai-zrutimAtreNa zabdAnAM yenArthapratyayo bhavet / sAdhAraNaH samagrANAM sa prasAdo guNaH smRtaH // isa rUpa se nirdiSTa prasAda-guNa to isa kAvya meM bahuta hI kama hai / jisa prakAra kalidAsa ke meghadUta meM megha ko dUta ke rUpa meM cunA gayA hai usI prakAra isa dUta- kAvya meM bhI megha ko hI dUta ke rUpa meM cunA gayA hai / usI prakAra megha se sarvaprathama kuzala-vArtA pUchI gayI hai / usake caritra, kula vaMza kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai aura usakA svAgata bhI kiyA gayA hai / bAda meM neminAtha kA paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai / parantu meghadUta ke samAna mArga varNana isa jainameghadUta meM nahIM milatA hai / isa prakAra bhaugolika jJAna kI koI bhI jAnakArI isa kAvya meM nahIM dekhane ko milatI hai / kAvya kA prArambha hI vipralambha-zrRMgAra se hotA hai / apane priya ke viyoga meM rAjImatI atyanta vyAkula hai, usI samaya AkAza meM chAye meghoM ko dekha sahasA usakA hRdaya aura bhI vicalita ho uThatA hai, usake hRdaya se priya kA viyoga phUTa par3atA hai hetoH kasmAdahiriva tadAsaJjinImapyamuJca nmA nirmokatvacamiva laghu jJo'pyasau tanna jAte / yadvA deve dadhati vimukhIbhAvamApto'pyamitretarNasya smAtkimu niyamane mAtRjaGghA na kIlaH || 12|7|| isa kAvya ke dvitIya sarga meM kavi ne nemikumAra kI zrIkRSNa kI striyoM ke sAtha kI gaI krIr3AoM kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai --- anyA lokottara ! tanumatA rAgapAzena baddho mokSaM gAse kathamiti ? mitaM sasmitaM bhASamANA / vyaktaM raktotpalaviracitenaiva dAmnA kuTIre kAJcIvyAjAtprakRtiriva taM cetanezaM babandha || 2|21|| --------

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dhanyA manye jaladhara ! harereva bhAryAH sa yAbhidRSTo dRgbhiH parijanamanazchandavRttyApi khelan / kasmAjjajJe punariyamahaM maMdabhAgyA sricelI yAM tasyaivaM smaraNamapi hA ! mUrcchanAptyA labhe na // 2 // 24 // neminAtha ke caritra varNana ke bAda anta meM rAjImatI phira apanI dInAvasthA kA varNana karatI hai prAgnirdagdhaM dinadinanavatIvavarSejazuSmaprakhyAsaukhye jagadinajagajjIvanApAnapInam / sampratyuSNocchvasitavazato vASpadhUmAyamAnaM sphoTa sphoTa hRdayamidakaM cUrNakhaNDIyatesma // 47 // rAjImatI samasta virahiyoM ke zoka ko sAvasAna mAnatI hai / vaha kahatI hai ki rAtri meM cakavA-cakavI . kA viyoga ho jAtA hai, para prAtaHkAla punaH saMyoga ho jAtA hai, cakorI kA candra se dina meM viyoga hotA hai / para rAtri hote hI saMyoga ho jAtA hai, para merA yaha viyoga antahIna hai kokI zokAdvasativigame vAsarAnte cakorI, zItoSNaprazamasamaye mucyate niilknntthii| tyaktA patyA tarUNimabharekaJcakazcakriNevADa matraM vArAM hRda iva zucAmAbhavaM tvAbhavaM bhoH / / 4 / 1 / / rAjImatI nemikumAra ke prati apanA sandeza bhejatI huI kahatI hai yAM kSaureyImiva navarasAM nAtha vIvAhakAle, sArasnehAmapi suziziyaM nAgrahI: paanninaapi| sA ki kAmAnalatapanato'tIva vASpAyamANA nanyocchiSTA navarucibhRtApyadya na sviikriyet||4|17|| rAjImatI anekoM tarka prastuta karatI hai nemikumAra ke sAmane apane sandeza meM prAgudvAhaM svajanajanitenAgraheNAnumene, saMcere'ntarguruparijanaM pIlunA copayantum / dvArAtpratyAvRtadatha bhavAn kukadasyApi zAvo garyataivaM guNagaNanidhe ! no caturhAyaNo'pi // 4 // 18 // yadi Apako chor3anA hI thA to prathama mujhe svIkAra hI kyoM kiyA? Apa pazu-pakSiyoM para dayA karate haiM parantu mujha bhakta ko santuSTa nahIM karate / /

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he nAtha ! Apane sambandhiyoM ke Agraha se vivAha karanA to svIkAra kara liyA, para Apa apane zvasura ke dvAra para Ane ke pahale hI lauTa gye| isa prakAra to cAra varSa ke bacce taka ko bhI dhokhA nahIM diyA jAtA hai| etatsarva gurujanamanomodanAtha yadi tvaM, tattvaM vinduH svayamakuTilaM svIcakartha prakAmam / itthaGkAraM katicana sabhA manmude dArakarma, svIkRtyaitat kimupajarasaM no tapastapyase sma // 4 // 24 // he nAtha ! yadi bAla-krIr3AeM tathA anya parAkrama lIlAe~ Apane kevala apane gurujanoM ke mana ko prasanna karane ke lie hI kI, to merI prasannatA ke lie Apa vivAha kyoM nahIM krte| jaba vRddhAvasthA A jAye taba Apa tapasyA karane cale jaaiyegaa| vaha zoka kI antima abhivyaJjanA karatI huI kahatI hai zrImAnahannitarajanavanmanmathasya vyathAbhiH, ki bAdhyatetyakhilajanatAM mA rirekAma kAmam ! dhyAtvaivaM cettapasi ramase tatpratijJAtalope, kastAmatra tribhuvanaguro ! rekamANAM niSeddhA ? // 4 // 20 // he nAtha ! yaha kAmadeva apane viSama bANoM se mujhe satA rahA hai / apane tiraskAra kI jvAlA mujhe vyAkula kara rahI hai apanI isa acetAvasthA meM yadi maiM kisI khAI meM kUda paDUM to kyA hogA? he nAtha ! mujha meM kisI doSa kA Aropa karake yadi chor3A hotA to ucita bhI thA / parantu isa taraha to Apa para eka nirdoSa strI ke parityAga kA kalaMka lgegaa| binA kisI bahAne yamarAja bhI to prANiyoM ko nahIM maartaa| isa prakAra kAvya meM viraha-bhAvanA kI abhivyaJjanA huI hai / vicAratAratamya aura rasa kI dRSTi se kAvya bar3I ucca koTi kA hai| kavi ne pada-pada para zliSTa vAkya racanA aura alaMkAroM kI bharamAra se kAvya ko durUha avazya banA diyA hai| alaMkAroM ke bAhulya se bhASA aura bhAva dabe se haiM / kavi ne vAnaspatyAH kalakizalayaiH kauzikAbhiH pravAlaiH / / 2 / 2 / / padya ke pUrvArddha meM apahna ti aura rUpaka evaM uttarArddha meM utprekSA aura zleSa kA sundara samAyojana kiyA hai / prasAda guNa kI racanA meM kamI hai /

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( 77 ) kAvyakAra ne apane vyAkaraNa ke jJAna kA paricaya dene kI pada-pada para koziza kI hai| padalAlitya aura prasAda guNa kI dRSTi se vikrama-kavi kA nemidUta evaM caritrasundaragaNi kA zIladUta kahIM adhika utkRSTa racanAeM haiN| phira bhI jaina-sAhitya meM yaha racanA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| isa prakAra jaina kaviyoM ne apane sandeza-paraka dUta-kAvyoM meM nizcita rUpa se pAThakoM ke lie kucha viziSTa sandeza diyA hai| zRMgAra-paraka sandeza kAvyoM kA zAnta-rasa meM paryavasAna kara tathA zrIneminAtha aura sthalabhadra jaise mahApuruSoM ko apane kAvyoM kA nAyaka banAkara ina kaviyoM ne pAThakoM ke samakSa zAnta-rasa kA Adarza upasthita kiyA hai| yaha zAntarasa hI hai jo tRSNAoM kA kSaya karatA hai, manuSyoM ko mAnava-dharma kI smRti karAtA hai aura mAnava hRdaya meM isa 'sarve bhavantu sukhinaH' kI bhAvanA utpanna karatA hai| saMsAra meM vizva-prema kI bhAvanA aise hI sAhitya se phailatI hai| isa prakAra jaina-manISiyoM ke sandeza-kAvyoM meM tyAga-pradhAna jIvana kA ati gUDha sandeza chipA huA hai|

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jainAcAryoM dvArA Ayurveda sAhitya nirmANa meM yogadAna AcArya rAjakumAra jaina Ayu hI jIvana hai, Ayu kA veda (jJAna ) hI Ayurveda hai, ataH Ayurveda eka sampUrNa jIvanavijJAna hai, Ayurveda kA mUla prayojana 'svasthasya svAsthyarakSaNam Aturasya ca vikAraprazamanam' hai, ataH svastha aura vyAdhita donoM ke lie yaha upAdeya hai, yadyapi zArIrika svAsthya kA rakSaNa evaM vikAropazamana Ayurveda kA ihalaukika evaM bhau taka uddezya hai, tathApi pAralaukika niHzreyasa, Atmamuvita aura AdhyAtmikatA se anuprANita jovana kI yathArthatA ke lie satat prayatna karanA bhI isake mUla meM nihita hai| ataH bhautikatA yA bhautikavAda kI paridhi se nikalakara AyurvedazAstra AdhyAtmikatA kI zreNI meM parigaNita hai / isa zAstra meM mAnavamAtra ke prati kalyANakArI dRSTikoNa hone se ise tathA isase sambandhita cikitsAkArya ko AcAryoM ne 'puNyatama' kahA hai, yathA, 'cikitsitAta puNyatamaM na kiMcit' / bhArata meM Ayurveda kI paramparA anAdikAla se pravAhita hai, vaidika vAGmaya evaM Ayurveda ke vibhinna zAstroM meM prApta uddharaNoM ke anusAra Ayurveda ko atharvaveda kA upAMga mAnA gayA hai, ataH kucha vidvAn ise paMcama veda ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM, atharvaveda meM Ayurveda ke paryApta uddharaNa evaM bIja upalabdha hone se atharvaveda se to isakA nikaTatama sambandha hai hI, anya veda tathA vaidika sAhitya meM bhI paryApta rUpa se Ayurveda ke bIja upalabdha hone se sampUrNa vaidika sAhitya se Ayurveda kA nikaTatama sambandha hai / vaidika vAGmaya ke anusAra aitihAsika dRSTi se Ayurveda kI paramparA atyanta prAcIna hai, Ayurveda zAstroM ke vacanoM ke anusAra Ayurveda kI paramparA brahmA se prArambha hotI hai, sarvaprathama brahmA ne sRSTi ke prArambha meM Ayurveda kI abhivyakti kI, brahmA se upadeza ke rUpa meM prathamataH dakSa prajApati ne Ayarveda kA jJAna prApta kiyA aura usa jJAna ko unhoMne upadeza ke rUpa meM azvinIkumAroM ko diyaa| azvinIkumAroM se devarAja indra ne Ayurveda kA upadeza grahaNa kiyA, indra se Ayurveda kA upadeza grahaNa kara

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pRthvI para usakA avataraNa karane kA zreya maharSi bharadvAja, kAzirAja divodAsa dhanvantari aura maharSi kazyapa kI hai| tatpazcAt punarvasu Atreya, maharSi agniveSa, maharSi suzruta Adi vibhinna ziSya-praziSyoM dvArA adhIta hokara Ayurveda isa samagra bhUmaMDala para prasArita huaa| vartamAna meM carakasaMhitA, kAzyapasaMhitA, aSTAMgahRdaya Adi Ayurveda ke mukhya aura AdhArabhUta graMtha mAne jAte haiM / isa prakAra yaha Ayurveda kI eka saMkSipta vaidika paramparA hai| - bahuta hI kama loga isa tathya se avagata haiM ki vaidika sAhitya kI bhAMti jainadharma aura jaina sAhitya se bhI Ayurveda kA nikaTatama sambandha hai| jainadharma meM Ayurveda kA kyA mahattva hai aura usakI upayogitA kitanI hai ? isakA anumAna isa tathya se sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jaina vAGmaya meM Ayurveda kA samAveza dvAdazAMga ke antargata kiyA gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina vAGmaya meM anya zAstroM yA viSayoM kI bhAMti AyurvedazAstra yA vaidyaka viSaya ko prAmANikatA bhI pratipAdita hai / jainAgama meM vaidyaka ( Ayurveda ) viSaya ko bhI Agama ke aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kie jAne ke kAraNa hI aneka jainAcAryo ne Ayurveda ke graMthoM kI racanA kii| yaha eka mahattvapUrNa tathya hai ki jainAgama meM kevala usI zAstra, viSaya yA Agama kI pramANikatA pratipAdita hai jo sarvajJa dvArA upadiSTa hai| sarvajJa kathana ke atirikta anya kisI viSaya yA svaruci viracita graMtha athavA viSaya ko prAmANikatA na hone se jena vAGmaya meM usakA koI mahattva upayogitA yA sthAna nahIM hai, kyoM ki sarvajJaparameSThI ke mukha se jo divyazvani khiratI (nikalatI) hai use zrutajJAna ke dhAraka gaNadhara parameSThI grahaNa karate haiM / gaNadhara dvArA gRhIta vaha divyadhvani jo jJAnarUpa hotI hai bAraha bhedoM meM vibhakta kI gaI, jise AcArAMga Adi ke rUpa meM unhoMne nirUpita kiyA, gaNadhara dvArA nirUpita va jJAnarUpa Agama ke bAraha bhedoM ko dvAdazAMga kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| ina dvAdazAMgoM meM prathama AcArAMga hai aura bArahavA~ dRSTivAda nAma kA aMza hai / usa bArahaveM dRSTivAdAMga ke pA~ca bheda haiM / una pA~ca bhedoM meM se eka bheda pUrva yA pUrvagata hai / isa 'pUrva bheda' ke bhI punaH caudaha bheda haiN| pUrva ke ina caudaha bhedoM meM 'prANAvAya' nAma kA eka bheda hai| isI prANAvAya nAmaka aMga meM aSTAMga Ayurveda kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, jainAcAryoM ke

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( 80 ) anusAra Ayurneda kA mUla prANAvAya pUrNa yahI hai / isI ke anusAra athavA isI ke AdhAra para paravartI AcAryoM ne vaidyakazAstra kA nirmANa athavA Ayurveda viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jainAgama ke antargata pratipAdita prANAvAya pUrva kA nimna lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai-kAyacikitsAdyaSTAMga AyurvedaH bhUtakarmajAMguliprakramaH prANApAnavibhAgo'pi yatra vistareNa vrnnitsttpraannaavaaym'| / arthAt jisa zAstra meM kAya, tadgata doSa tathA cikitsA Adi aSTAMga Ayurveda kA varNana vistArapUrvaka kiyA gayA ho pRthvI Adi mahAbhatoM kI kriyA, viSaile jAnavara aura unake viSa kI cikitsA Adi tathA prANApAna kA vibhAga jisameM kiyA gayA ho use 'prANAvAya' pUrva zAstra kahate haiN| dvAdazAMga ke antargata nirUpita prANAvAya pUrva nAmaka aMga mUlataH ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM lipibaddha hai, isa prANAvAya pUrva ke AdhAra para hI anyAnya jainAcAryoM ne vibhinna vaidyaka granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| zrI ugrAdityAcArya ne bhI prANAvAya pUrva ke AdhAra para kalyANakAraka nAma ke vaidyaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| isa tathya kA ullekha AcArya zrI ne sthAnasthAna para kiyA hai, isake atirikta grantha ke anta meM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai sarvArdhAdhikamAgadhI vilasabhabhASAparizeSojvala prANAvAyamahAgamAdavitathaM saMgRhya saMkSepataH / ugrAdityagururguruguNairudbhAsisaukhyAspadam / zAstraM saMskRtabhASayA racitavAnityeSa bhedastayoH / / kalyANakAraka, a0 25 zlo0 arthAt sampUrNa artha ko pratipAdita karanevAlI sarvArdha mAgadhI bhASA meM jo atyanta sundara prANAvAya nAmaka mahAgama mahAzAstra hai use yathAvat saMkSepa rUpa se saMgraha kara ugrAditya guru ne uttamottama guNoM se yukta sukha ke sthAnabhUta isa zAstra kI saMskRta bhASA meM racanA kii| ina donoM--prANAvAya aMga aura kalyANakAraka meM yahI antara hai| isa prakAra jainAgama meM Ayurveda yA vaidyakazAstra kI prAmANikatA pratipAdita hai, aura Ayurveda jise jainAgama meM prANAvAya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, dvAdazAMga kA hI eka aMga hai / jaina vAGmaya meM dvAdazAMga kI.

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prAmANikatA sarvopari hai| ataH tadantargata pratipAdita prANAvAya kI prAmANikatA bhI svataH siddha hai, isa prakAra jisa aSTAMga paripUrNa vaidyakazAstra ko itara AcAryo', maharSioM ne Ayurveda kI saMjJA dI hai use jainAcAryoM ne prANAvAya kI saMjJA dI hai| __ saMskRta sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi meM jainAcAryoM ne apanA jo mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai vaha suvidita hai / saMskRta sAhitya kA aisA koI viSaya yA kSetra nahIM bacA hai jisa para jainAcAryo ne apanI lekhanI na calAI ho| isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki jainAcArya kevala eka viSaya ke hI adhi. kArI nahIM the, apitu ve pratyeka viSaya meM niSNAta the, ataH unake viSaya meM yaha kahanA sambhava nahIM thA ki ve kisa viSaya ke adhikRta vidvAn haiM athavA unakA adhikRta viSaya kauna-sA hai ? jainAcAryoM ne jisa prakAra kAvya, alaMkAra, koSa, chaMda, nyAya, darzana va dharmazAstroM kA nirmANa kiyA usI prakAra jyotiSa aura vaidyaka viSaya bhI unakI lekhanI se achate nahIM rahe / upalabdha aneka pramANoM se aba yaha spaSTa ho cukA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne pracura mAtrA meM svatantra rUpa se vaidyaka granthoM kA nirmANa kara Ayurveda sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi meM apanA abhUtapUrva yogadAna kiyA hai / isa sambandha meM vibhinna srotoM se eka lambI sUcI taiyAra kI gaI hai jisase jainAcAryoM dvArA likhita vaidyaka sambandhI aneka kRtiyoM kA saMketa milatA hai / inameM se kucha kRtiyAM mUla rUpa se prAkRta bhASA meM lipibaddha haiM aura kucha hindI meM padyamaya rUpa meM / kannar3a bhASA meM bhI aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne Ayurveda ke granthoM kA praNayana kara jainavAGmaya ko paripUrNa kiyA hai| jina jainacAryoM ne dharma-darzana-nyAya-kAvya-alaMkAra Adi viSaya ko adhikRta kara vibhinna granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai unhIM AcAryoM ne vaidyaka zAstra kA nirmANa kara apanI alaukika pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| prAtaHsmaraNIya pUjyapAda svAmI, paramapUjya svAmI samantabhadra, AcArya jinasena guru vorasena, guNasAgara zrI guNabhadra, maharSi somadeva, siddhavarNI ratnAkara tathA mahApaMDita AzAdhara Adi jainAcAryoM kI vibhinna kRtiyoM para jaba hama dRSTipAta karate haiM to dekhakara mahAn Azcarya hotA hai ki kisa prakAra unhoMne aneka viSayoM para apanI adhikArapUrNa lekhanI calAkara apanI adbhuta viSayapravaNatA aura vilakSaNa buddhi vaibhava kA

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( 82 ) paricaya diyA hai / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki unheM una sabhI viSayoM meM praur3ha prabhutva prApta thA, unakA pAMDitya sarvadigaMtavyApI thA aura unakA jJAnaravi apanI prakhara razmiyoM se sampUrNa sAhitya jagat ko Alokita kara rahA thaa| Ayurveda sAhitya ke prati jainAcAryoM dvArA kI gaI sevA bhI utanI ho mahattvapUrNa hai jitanI anya sAhitya ke prati / kintu duHkha isa bAta kA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne jitane vaidyaka sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai vaha abhI taka prakAzita nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vartamAna meM unake dvArA likhita aneka vaidyaka grantha yA lupta ho gae haiM athavA khaMDita rUpa meM hone se apUrNa haiN| kAlakavalita hue aneka vaidyaka granthoM kA ullekha vibhinna AcAryo kI vartamAna meM upalabdha anyAnya kRtiyoM meM milatA hai / vibhinna jaina bhaMDAroM yA jaina mandiroM meM khojane para aneka vaidyaka granthoM ke prApta hone kI sambhAvanA hai| ataH vidvAnoM dvArA isa dizA meM prayatna kiyA jAnA apekSita hai / sambhava hai ina vaidyaka graMthoM ke prakAza meM Ane se Ayurveda ke una mahattvapUrNa tathyoM aura siddhAntoM kA prakAzana ho sake jo Ayurveda ke pracura sAhitya ke kAlakavalita ho jAne se vilupta ho gae haiM / jainAcAryo dvArA likhita vaidyaka graMtha ke prakAzana se Ayurveda ke vilupta sAhitya aura itihAsa para bhI prakAza par3ane kI saMbhAvanA hai| jainAcAryoM dvArA likhita vaidyaka granthoM meM se aba taka jo prakAzita hue haiM unameM se zrI ugratyAcArya dvArA praNIta kalyANakAraka aura zrI pUjyapAdasvAmI dvArA viracita vaidyasAra ye do grantha mahattvapUrNa haiM / inameM se prathama kalyANakAraka kA prakAzana 1 pharavarI 1940 meM zrI seTha govinda jI rAvajI dozI, solApura dvArA kiyA gayA thA / isakA hindI anuvAda aura sampAdana zrI paM0 vardhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI, solApura ne kiyA hai| dvitIya vaidyasAra nAmaka grantha jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA se prakAzita huA hai| isakA sampAdana aura hindI anuvAda AyurvedAcArya paM0 satyaMdhara jaina, kAvyatIrtha ne kiyA hai, kintu yaha grantha vastutaH zrI pUjyapAda dvArA viracita hai isameM vivAda hai yadyapi grantha meM jo vibhinna cikitsAyoga varNita haiM unameM se adhikAMza meM 'pUjyapAdaiH kathitaM' 'pUjyapAdoditaM' Adi kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu aisA lagatA hai ki ye

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( 83 ) pATha pUjyapAda ke mUla grantha se saMgrahIta haiN| prastuta graMtha zrI pUjyapAda kI kRti nahIM hai / ataH yaha abhI taka ajJAta hai ki isa grantha kA racayitA yA saMgrahakartA kauna hai ? ____ isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki jainAcAryoM dvArA likhita Ayurveda ke graMthoM kI saMkhyA pracura hai, kiMtu una graMthoM kI bhI vahI sthiti haiM jo jenAcAryo dvArA likhita jyotiSa ke graMthoM ko hai, jaina samAja ne tathA anyAnya jaina saMsthAoM ne jainAcAryoM dvArA praNIta dharma-darzana-nyAyasAhitya-kAvya-alaMkAra Adi ke graMthoM ke prakAzana kI to vyavasthA kI hai, usameM ruci dikhalAI aura usake lie paryApta rAzi bhI vyaya kI hai, kiMtu Ayurveda aura jyotiSa ke graMthoM ke prati koI lakSya nahIM diyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa sAhitya kI pracuratA hote hue bhI yaha sampUrNa sAhitya abhI taka aMdhakArAvata hai| aba to sthiti yahA~ taka ho gaI ki jainAcAryoM dvArA praNIta jina graMthoM kI racanA kA patA calatA hai una graMthoM kA astitva hI hamAre sAmane nahIM hai / aneka sthAnoM para svAmo samantabhadra ke vaidyaka graMtha kA ullekha milatA hai, kiMtu vaha graMtha abhI taka aprApya hai| Ayurveda ke prasiddha graMtha yogaratnAkara meM zrI pUjyapAda ke nAma se aneka yoga uddhRta haiM tathA 'zrI pUjyapAdoditaM' Adi kathanoM kA uddharaNa dete hue aneka ajaina vidvAn vaidyakI se apanA yogakSema calAte hue dekhe gae haiN| kiMtu atyadhika prayatna kie jAne para bhI zrI pUjyapAda dvArA viracita graMtha prApta nahIM ho sakA / isI prakAra aura bhI aneka granthoM kA prakaraNAMtara se ullekha to milatA hai, kiMtu DhU~Dhane para usakI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| jainAcAryo ke Ayurveda sambaMdhI graMthoM meM jagat sundarI prayogamAlA nAmaka graMtha sambhavataH sabase adhika prAcIna hai, yogacitAmaNi, vaidyamanotsava meghavinoda, rAmavinoda, gaMgayatinidAna Adi graMtha bhI prakAzita hue haiM, ye graMtha zvetAMbara AcAryoM dvArA viracita haiM / gata zatAbdI ke prasiddha cikitsaka jaina yati rAmalAla jI kA bhI eka bar3A graMtha prakAzita huA hai isa prakAra ye kucha hI graMtha abhI prakAzita hue haiM, isake viparIta aprakAzita jaina vaidyaka graMthoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai / mujhe zrI agaracaMda jI nAhaTA se jainAcAryo dvArA likhita Ayurveda saMbaMdhI graMthoM kI jAnakArI prApta huI hai jo nimna prakAra hai

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( 84 ) zvetAmbara jainAcAryoM dvArA racita vaidyaka grantha prantha nAma graMthakAra bhASA racanA kAla 1. yogacitAmaNi mUla harSakIti sUri bhASA TIkA narasiMha kharatara saMskRta saM0 1662 2. vaidyakasAroddhAra harSakItisUri saMskRta saM0 1662 3. jvaraparAjaya jayaratna saMskRta ---- 4. vaidyavallabha hastiruci saMskRta ---- 5. vaidyakasAraratna caupAI lavaSamI kuzala gujarAtI saM0 1664 phA0su 6. subodhinI vaidyaka lakSmIcaMdra hiMdI ---- 7. laMghana pathyopacAra dIpacaMdra saMskRta saM0 1792 8. bAla cikitsA nidAna ---- 9. yogaratnAkara caupAI nayana zekhara gujarAtI ----- 10. Dambha kriyA dharmasiMha dharmavarddhana hiMdI pra0 sacitra Ayurveda 11. pathyApathya maho0 rAmalAlajI --- vIra saM0 2439 12. rAmanidAna TavA sahita uparyukta -------- 13. kokazAstra caupAI narbudAcArya kAmazAstra meM prAsaMgika cikitsA prakAzita 14. rasAmRta mANikyadeva jainetara vaidyaka granthoM para jainAcAryoM dvArA kRta TIkAe~ 1. yogaratnamAlAvRti guNAkara zve0 saM0 1296 2. aSTAMgahRdaya TIkA paM0 AzAdhara di0 3. pathyApathyama TavA cainasukha muni saM0 1835 4. mAdhavanidAna TavA jJAnameru 5. samnipAtakalikA hemanidhAna saM0 1733 6. yogazataka TIkA mUla vararuci saMpratabhadra (samantabhadra ) saM0 1731 .

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zvetAmbara hinvI vaidyaka anya 1. vaidyamanotsava nayanasukha saM0 1649 sohananda nagara 2. vaidyavilAsa tibdha sahAbA malUkacaMdra gAthA 518 3. rAmavinoda rAmacaMdra saM0 1720 zakkI nagara 4. vaidyavinoda rAmacaMdra saM0 1726. marAThe 5. kAlajJAna lakSmIvallabha saM0 1741 6. kavivinoda mAnakavi saM0 1753 lAhaura 7. kavipramoda mAnakavi saM0 1746 kArtika su02 8. rasamaMjarI samaratha saM0 1764 9. meghavinoda meghamuni saM0 1835 phagavAr3A 10. meghadilAsa meghamuni 11. lolimbarAja bhASA yati gaMgArAma saM0 1872 amRtasara - (vaidya jIvana) 12. sUrajaprakAza bhAva dIpaka yati gaMgArAma saM0 1883 amRtasara 11. bhAvanidAna yati gaMgArAma saM0 1888 amRtasara digambara jaina vaidyaka prantha 1. vaidyasAra pUjyapAda 2. nidAna muktAvali pUjyapAda 3. madana kAmarata pUjyapAda 4. kalyANakAraka ugradityAcArya 5. sukarayogaratnAvali pArzvadeva 6. bAlagRhacikitsA devendramuni 7. vaidya nighaNTu amRtamuni (kannaDa lipi) (akArAdi nighaNTu) 8. vaidyAmRta zrIdharadeva 9. khagendramaNidarpaNa maMgarAja (kannaDa lipi) . 10. hayazAstra abhinavacaMdra 11. kalyANakAraka somanAtha 12. govaidya kIrtivarmA

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inameM se kucha graMtha sambhavataH zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTA ke vyaktigata saMgraha meM upalabdha haiN| maiM isa dizA meM satata prayatnazIla hU~ tathA khoja karane para aura bhI aneka Ayurveda sambandhI granthoM kI jAnakArI prApta huI hai| kiMtu isa dizA meM satata anusaMdhAna aura paryApta prayatna apekSita hai| uparyukta vivecana se yaha tathya to spaSTa hai ki jainAcAryo' ne bhI anya AcAryoM kI hI bhAMti Ayurveda sAhityasRjana meM apanA apUrva yoga dAna diyA hai| aba AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki anusandhAna ke dvArA usa viluptavizAla sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAkara Ayurveda sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi kI jAya aura Ayurveda kI dRSTi se usakA ucita mUlyAMkana kiyA jAya / isase Ayurveda jagat meM nizcaya hI jainAcAryo ko gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta hogaa|

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hamAre mahattvapUrNa prakAzana 1.Political History of Northern India from Jaina Sources - Dr. G. C. Choudhary 60-00 2. Studies in Hemacandra's Desinamamala -Dr. Harivallabh C. Bhayani 3. A Cultural Study of the Nisitha Curni - Dr. (Mrs.) Madhu Sen 4. An Early History of Orissa 10.00 -Dr. Amar Chand -DA0 mohanalAla mehatA 5. jaina AcAra 6. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1 -paM0 becaradAsa dozI 7. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 2 - DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina va DA0 mohanalAla mehatA 8. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3 10. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5 -paM0 aMbAlAla zAha 50.00 -DA0 mohanalAla mehatA 35.00 ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA 1500 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta ) 9. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4 -DA0 mohanalAla mehatA va pro0 hIrAlAla kApar3iyA 40.00 20.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 11. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6 45.00 -DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI (uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA 1000 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta ) 12. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 7 - paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI va zrI TI0 pI0 mInAkSI sundaram pillaM va DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara 35.00 13. bauddha aura jaina AgamoM meM nArI-jIvana- DA0 komalacandra jaina 14. yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DA0 gokulacandra jaina ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA 500 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta) 15. uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana-DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA 500 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta ) 16. jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA -DA0 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA 17. apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hiMdI premAkhyAnaka-DA0 premacandra jaina ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA 1000 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta ) 18. jaina dharma-darzana -DA0 mohanalAla mehatA 30'00 ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA 1000 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta ) 19. tattvArthasUtra ( vivecanasahita ) -paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI 20. jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 30.00 -DA0 ahaMdAsa baMDovA dige 35.00 30.00 30.00 4000 30.00 3000 3000

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hamAre laghuprakAzAna 1. World Problems & Jaina Ethics-Dr. Beni Prasad 1.50 2. Mahavira-Dr. Amar Chand 1.50 3. Jainism in Indian History-Dr. Bool Chand 1.50 4. Progress of Prakrit and Jaina Studies - Dr. B.J. Sandesara 2.00 5. Jaina Monastic Jurisprudence--Dr. S. B. Deo -8.00 6. Literary Evaluation of Paumacariyam -Dr. K.R.Chandra8.00 7. jena dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA -0 dalasukha mArUNiyA 1.50 8.jena saMskRti kA hRdaya-paM0 sukhalAlajI 1.50 9. antanirIkSaNa-paM0 sukhalAlajI 1.50 10. jena sAhitya kI pragati-paM0 sUkhalAlajI 200 21. bhagavAna mahAvIra-paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 150 12. AtmamImAMsA-0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 10.00 13. jaina adhyayana kI pragati-paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 150 14. jaina grantha aura granthakAra-zrI phatahacanda belAnI 4.00 15. bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha-DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina 16. jIvana meM sthAbAda-zrI candrazaMkara zukla 2.00 17, hemacandrAcArya kA ziSyamaNDala DA0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 1.50 18. magadha-zrI baijanAtha siMha 'vinoda' 200 19. suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya-DA0 umAkAnta zAha 2000 20. svAdhyAya--mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna 21. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala aura saMskRta sAhitya meM sasakI dena-DAbhogIlAla sAMDesarA 1000 22. prAkRta bhASA-DA0 prabodha becaradAsa paMDita 23. ahiMsA kI sambhAvanAeM-DA0 sAgaramala jaina 200 24. jaina sAhitya aura zilpa meM bAhubali-DA0 sAgaramala jaina 2.00 25. jaina sAhitya ke vividha AyAma-sampA0 DA0 sAgaramala jaina 4.00 pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI-5