Arhat Parshva aur Unki Parampara

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002104/1

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zramaNa apraila-maI 1988kA kroDa patra arhata pArthA aura unakI paramparA 2863 CDHE DaoN sAgaramala jaina saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna,vArANasI-5 HDIRE www jamie ierar og Jaih Education Internatonai For Romate a PelsenUse uhly

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pradhAna sampAdaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina sahasampAdaka DaoN0 zivaprasAda 1 arhat pArzva aura unakI paramparA 2 Ao baiThe kareM vicAra

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arhatu pArzva aura unakI paramparA pArzva kI aitihAsikatA pArzva ko mahAvIra kA pUrvavartI evaM jaina paramparA kA 23 vAM tIrthaMkara mAnA jAtA hai / jaina dharma ke tIrthaMkaroM meM pArzva aura mahAvIra hI aise vyaktitva haiM jinakI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai / sAmAnyatayA kisI vyaktitva kI aitihAsikatA kA nizcaya karane ke lie abhilekhIya aura sAhityika sAkSya mahatvapUrNa hote haiM / jahA~ taka pArzva kI aitihAsikatA ke nirdhAraNa kA prazna hai, unake sambandha meM hameM abhI taka IsA pUrva kA koI bhI abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha nahIM huA hai aura aba aise sAkSya ke upalabdha hone kI sambhAvanA bhI dhUmila hI hai / bhArata meM abhI taka par3he jA sake jo bhI prAcInatama abhilekha upalabdha hue haiM, ve mauryakAla se adhika prAcIna nahIM haiM / sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA ke abhilekha abhI taka par3ha nahIM jA sake haiM / mauryakAlIna abhilekhoM meM nirgranthoM kA ullekha to hai, kintu pArzva kA ullekha nahIM / jJAtavya hai ki pArzva aura mahAvIra donoM kI paramparAoM ke zramaNa nirgrantha kahe jAte the / paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para pArzva mauryakAla se bhI lagabhaga 400 varSa pUrva hue haiM, kintu pArzvanAtha ke saMbaMdha meM prAcInatama abhilekhIya sAkSya IsA kI prathama zatI kA hai / mathurA ke abhilekha kramAMka 83 meM sthAnIya kula ke gaNi uggahIniya ke ziSya vAcaka ghoSa ke dvArA arhat pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA ko sthApita karane kA ullekha hai / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM pArzvanAtha jaina paramparA ke arhat ke rUpa meM mAnya the aura unakI pratimA banane abhilekhoM meM tIrthaMkara para arhat zabda kA lagI thI / smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki mathurA ke zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai, apitu usake sthAna prayoga hai, yathA arhat vardhamAna, arhat pArzva Adi / mathurA meM IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kI upalabdha pratimAoM meM sarvAdhika pratimAe vardhamAna

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[ 2 ] kI haiM, usake pazcAt RSabha, pArzva aura ariSTanemi kI pratimAoM kA krama AtA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki isa kAla taka ye hI cAra tIrthakara pramukha rUpa se mAnya the aura inhIM ke sambandha meM sAhityika vivaraNa bhI likhe gaye the / kalpasUtra bhI kevala inhIM cAroM tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| usa kAla ke sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika sAkSyoM meM anya tIrthaMkaroM sambandhI vivaraNoM kA abhAva vicAraNIya hai| pArzva sambandhI ina vivaraNoM se pArzva kI aitihAsikatA evaM jaina paramparA meM unakA mahatva spaSTa ho jAtA hai| pArzva ke sambandha meM I0 pU0 ke abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke abhAva se unakI aitihAsikatA para prazna cihna nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki buddha aura mahAvIra ke sambandha meM bhI ekAdha apavAda ko chor3akara I0 pU0 ke abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA abhAva hai| mahAvIra ke sambandha meM eka abhilekha unake nirvANa ke 84 varSa pazcAt kA bAlaDI, rAjasthAna se prApta hai / mauryakAlIna azoka ke abhilekhoM meM kevala eka sthAna para hI buddha kA nAmollekha huA hai| Aja pArzva kI aitihAsikatA ke nirdhAraNa kA AdhAra mAtra sAhityika sAkSya hI hai| durbhAgya se jaina paramparA ke Agamika granthoM ke atirikta hameM bauddha aura vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI pArzva ke nAma kA spaSTa rUpa se koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| paM0. kailAzacanda jI ne likhA hai ki pArzva kA ullekha baudhAyana dharmasUtra ke pUrva hue haiN| kintu unhoMne usakA koI pramANa nahIM diyA hai| khoja karane para hameM baudhAyana dharma sUtra meM 'pArazavaH' zabda milA hai kintu usameM varNasaMkaroM ke prasaGga meM hI pArazavoM kI carcA hai| vahAM pArazava kA tAtparya bhinna vargoM ke strI-puruSoM ke samparka se utpanna santAneM haiN| ___ 'pArazavaH' zabda kA artha pArasI yA phArasa deza ke nivAsiyoM aura bhAratIyoM ke samparka se utpanna santAna bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / phira bhI isa sambhAvanA ko pUrNatayA nirasta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki pArazavoM kA sambandha pArzva ke anuyAyI se rahA ho| kyoMki vaidika brAhmaNa zramaNoM ko aura unake anuyAyiyoM ko heya dRSTi se dekhate the / zramaNoM ke anuyAyiyoM ko varNasaMkara kahane kA eka kAraNa yaha hogA ki

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[ 3 ] zramaNa dhArA varNa vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM bahuta kaThora nahIM thii| usameM antarjAtIya vivAha sambandha hote hoMge, phalataH unheM varNa saMkaroM kI zreNI meM rakhA jAtA hogaa| phira bhI yaha eka kliSTa kalpanA hI hai, ise nirvivAda tathya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / / pArzva ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se jo prAcInatama sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha hai, vaha jaina Agama RSibhASita kA hai| RSibhASita jaina paramparA ke Agama granthoM meM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke pazcAt kA sabase prAcInatama grantha hai / merI dRSTi meM isakA sambhAvita racanAkAla I0 pU0 cauthI zatAbdI hai| eka svatantra lekha meM maiMne isa bAta ko aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para siddha karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| yaha grantha sampUrNa pAli tripiTaka aura AcArAMga ke prathama zru taskandha ko chor3akara sampUrNa jaina Agama sAhitya se prAcIna hai| usakI bhASA-zailI, chanda yojanA tathA sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA se rahita udAra dRSTi aise tathya haiM jo usakI prAcInatA ko nirvivAda rUpa se siddha karate haiN|4 RSibhASita meM mahAvIra aura buddha ke pUrvavartI tathA samakAlIna 44 RSiyoM ke nAmollekha pUrvaka upadeza saMkalita haiN| inameM brAhmaNa paramparA ke devanArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, bhAradvAja, uddAlaka, AruNi Adi ke, bauddha paramparA ke sAriputra, mahAkAzyapa evaM vajjiyaputta ke, anya svatantra zramaNa paramparA ke RSiyoM meM maMkhali gosAla Adi ke tathA jainaparamparA pArzva evaM vardhamAna ke upadeza bhI saMkalita haiM / RSibhASita ke RSiyoM meM soma, yama, varuNa aura vaizramaNa (kubera) ina cAra lokapAloM ko chor3akara lagabhaga sabhI RSi aitihAsika pratIta hote haiM / ataH pArzva kI aitihAsikatA meM bhI hameM koI sandeha nahIM rahatA hai| ___RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka isa adhyayana kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki usameM isa adhyAya kA eka pAThAntara bhI diyA huA hai jisameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki 'gati vyAkaraNa' nAmaka grantha meM isa adhyAya kA dUsarA pATha pAyA jAtA hai| isase isa adhyAya kI viSayavastu tathA usase sambandhita vyakti kI aitihAsikatA kI puSTi hotI hai| hamane eka svatantra lekha meM isa bAta ko bhI siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki RSibhASita kisI bhI sthiti meM IsApUrva

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[ 4 ] caturtha zatAbdI ke bAda kA grantha nahIM hai / ataH isa grantha kA pArzva nAmaka adhyayana pArzva ke sambandha meM prAcInatama sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jA sakatA hai / RSibhASita se paravartI jaina granthoM meM sUtrakRtAMga, AcArAMga (dvitIya zrutaskandha), uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI, kalpasUtra, nirayAvalikA, Avazyaka niyukti Adi meM bhI pArzva evaM pAzrvApatyoM sambandhI spaSTa ullekha hai / kalpasUtra ke atirikta ina sabhI granthoM meM pArzva ke siddhAntoM ke sAtha-sAtha pArzva ke anuyAyI zramaNa zramaNiyoM aura gRhastha upAsaka - upAsikAoM ke ullekha haiM / kalpasUtra aura samavAyAMga meM pArzva ke parijanoM kA evaM jIvanavRtta kA bhI saMkSipta ullekha hai / ataH ina granthoM ko bhI pArzva kI aitihAsikatA ko prAmANita karane kA eka mahattvapUrNa AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai / " AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA ko spaSTa rUpa se pArzva kA anuyAyI batAyA gayA haiM / " yaha bAta nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai ki mahAvIra ke pUrvottara bhArata meM pArzva kA prabhAva thA aura unake anuyAyI isa kSetra meM phaile hue the / isa tathya kI puSTi pAli tripiTaka sAhitya se bhI hotI hai / buddha ke cAcA vappasAkya ko nirgranthoM kA upAsaka kahA gayA hai / " prazna yaha hotA hai ki ye nirgrantha kauna the ? ye mahAvIra ke anuyAyI to isa liye nahIM ho sakate ki mahAvIra buddha ke samasAmayika haiM / buddha ke cAcA kA nirgranthoM kA anuyAyI honA isa bAta ko siddha karatA hai ki buddha aura mahAvIra ke pUrva nirgranthoM kI koI eka paramparA thI aura yaha paramparA pAzrvApatyoM kI hI ho sakatI hai / pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kI prAcInatA kA eka aura pramANa pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM yaha hai ki saccaka kA pitA nirgrantha zrAvaka thA / saccaka ne yaha bhI garvokti kI thI ki maiMne mahAvIra ko parAsta kiyA / ataH saccaka aura mahAvIra samakAlIna siddha hote haiM / 84 saccaka ke pitA kA nirgrantha zrAvaka honA isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki mahAvIra ke pUrva bhI koI nirgrantha paramparA thI aura saccaka pitA kA usI nirgrantha paramparA kA zrAvaka thA / pAli tripiTaka meM nirgranthoM ko eka sATaka kahA gayA hai / " cAhe AcArAMga ke anusAra

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[5] mahAvIra ne apane pravrajyA ke samaya eka vastra grahaNa kiyA thA / 10 kintu yadi hama unake vastra - sambandhI isa ullekha ko prAmANika mAneM to bhI itanA spaSTa hai ki ve apanI pravrajyA ke eka varSa ke pazcAt nagna yA acela ho gaye the aura unhoMne mukhya rUpa se acela dharma kA hI pratipAdana kiyA thA / " 1 yaha bhI satya hai ki mahAvIra kI paramparA meM jo sacelatA sambandhI apavAda praviSTa hue ve pAzrvApatyoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hue yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki prathama pAzrvApatyoM kI paramparA kA anusaraNa karake mahAvIra ne dIkSA ke samaya eka vastra grahaNa kiyA ho / bAda meM AjIvaka paramparA ke anurUpa acelatA ko svIkAra kara liyA ho / jekobI ne The Sacred Books of the East, Vol XLV meM aisI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai / " uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se mahAvIra ko acela dharma kA pratipAdaka aura pArzva ko sacelaka dharma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai / 13 ina saba AdhAroM para aisA lagatA hai ki pAli tripiTaka meM buddha ke cAcA vappasAkya tathA saccaka ke pitA ke nirgranthoM ke anuyAyI hone ke tathA nigraMthoM ke eka sATaka hone ke jau ullekha haiM, ve mahAvIra kI paramparA kI apekSA pArzva kI paramparA se hI adhika sambandhita jAna par3ate haiM / bauddhoM ko mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparA kA antara spaSTa nahIM thA, ataH unhoMne pArzva kI paramparA kI aneka bAtoM ko mahAvIra kI paramparA ke sAtha jor3a diyA / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM pAlitripiTaka meM mahAvIra ko cAturyAma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai / 14 jabaki vAstavikatA yaha hai ki mahAvIra nahIM, pArzva hI cAturyAma ke pratipAdaka haiM / sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI evaM anya Agama granthoM meM pArzva ko cAturyAma dharma kA aura mahAvIra ko paJcamahAvrata tathA sapratikramaNa dharma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai / 15 isase aisA lagatA hai ki bauddha paramparA meM nirgranthoM kA jo ullekha hai vaha pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se sambandhita hai / sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI, 17 aupapAtika, 18 rAjapraznIya, 1 nirayAvalikA Adi Agama granthoM meM pAye jAne vAle pAravapityoM ke ullekha isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya ke pArkhApatyoM kA pUrvottara bhArata meM T6 19 vyApaka prabhAva thA /

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[ 6 ] bhagavatI Adi Agama granthoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya meM pApitya paryApta saMkhyA meM upasthita the| RSibhASita evaM bhagavatI Adi ke AdhAra para yaha bhI spaSTa lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ne tattvajJAna sambandhI aneka avadhAraNAyeM yathAvat rUpa se pApityoM se grahaNa kI thii| bhagavatI meM loka kI nityatA aura kAlacakra kI anantatA ke sambandha meM mahAvIra ne pAzvapityoM kI avadhAraNA kA samarthana karate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA thA ki maiM bhI yahI mAnatA huuN| RSibhASita se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki astikAya aura aSTavidha karma-granthiyoM kI mAnyatA mUlataH pApityoM kI hI thI,22 jise Age calakara mahAvIra kI paramparA meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA thA / ina saba AdhAroM para hama pAtra kI aitihAsikatA ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kara sakate haiN| pArjanAtha kI aitihAsikatA ke sambandha meM jo pramANa prastuta kiye gaye haiM unase spaSTa rUpa se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki pArzva eka kAlpanika vyakti nahIM, apitu aitihAsika vyakti the| aneka paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne pArzva kI aitihAsikatA ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / DA0 haramana jekobI ne pArzva kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki pAna eka aitihAsika vyakti the isa sambhAvanA ko aba sabhI logoM ke dvArA svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| 'DA0 cArla zAnTiyara uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI bhUmikA meM likhate haiM ki jainadharma nizcita rUpa se mahAvIra se prAcIna hai| unake prakhyAta pUrvagAmI pArga prAyaH nizcita rUpa se eka vAstavika vyakti ke rUpa meM astitvavAn the| prau0 e0 ela0 bAzama pAna kI aitihAsikatA ke sambandha meM likhate haiM ki vardhamAna mahAvIra ko pAli tripiTaka meM buddha ke pratispardhI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai ataH unakI aitihAsikatA asandigdha hai| pAna kA bhI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM teIsameM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH ve bhI aitihAsika vyakti rahe hoNge|

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[ 7 ] isI prakAra kolabruka, sTIvensana,27 eDavarDa TAmasa, gerI nATa, iliyaTa,30 pusina,31 DA0 belavalakara, 2 DA0 dAsaguptA,33 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan,34 evaM majumadAra 5 ne pArzvanAtha ko mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI nirgrantha paramparA kA nAyaka mAnA hai aura isa prakAra unakI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina paramparA meM pArzvanAtha kA sthAna sAmAnya jainoM meM Aja bhI pArzvanAtha ke prati jo AsthA dekhI jAtI hai vaha anya kisI tIrthaMkara ke prati nahIM dekhI jAtI hai / carama tIrthaMkara svayaM mahAvIra ke prati bhI utanI AsthA nahIM hai, jitanI pArzva ke prati hai| yadyapi siddhAntataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkara samAna haiM, phira bhI jisa tIrthaMkara kA zAsana hotA hai usakI usa kAla meM vizeSa pratiSThA rahatI hai, kinta Aja jaina paramparA meM vizeSa rUpa se jaina upAsakoM ke hRdaya meM pArzvanAtha ke prati jitanI adhika zraddhA aura AsthA hai, utanI mahAvIra ke prati bhI nahIM dekhI jAtI hai| yadi hama jaina tIrthoM aura tIrthaMkara-pratimAoM kA hI eka sarvekSaNa kareM to hameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha jJAta ho jAyegA ki deza meM Aja bhI sarvAdhika tIrtha aura sarvAdhika pratimAyeM bhI pArzvanAtha kI haiN| zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha, gaur3I pArzvanAtha, cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha, amIjharA pArzvanAtha, antarikSa pArzvanAtha, avantikA pArzvanAtha, makSI pArzvanAtha Adi ko jaina upAsaka Aja bhI atyanta zraddhA ke sAtha pUjatA hai| ___ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uThatA hai ki Akhira mahAvIra kI apekSA pArzvanAtha kI jaina paramparA meM itanI adhika pratiSThA kyoM hai ? isa prazna kA saiddhAntika uttara to yaha diyA jAtA hai ki sabhI tIrthakara, tIrthaMkara nAma karma kA upArjana karake tIrthaMkara pada ko prApta karate haiM, kintu sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kA tIrthaMkara-nAma-karma samAna nahIM hotA, kisI kA tIrthaMkara nAma-karma viziSTa hotA hai aura isI kAraNa vaha tIrthaMkara saMgha meM viziSTa rUpa se pUjA aura pratiSThA pAtA hai / paramparAgata mAnyatA ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kA tIrthaMkara nAmakarma anya tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA viziSTa thA aura isIlie unakI pUjA aura pratiSThA adhika hai|

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[ 8 ] isa prazna kA dUsarA sAmAnya uttara yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki cUMki mahAvIra svayaM pArzva ko puruSAdAnIya, puruSazreSTha kahakara vizeSa pratiSThA dete the / ataH unakA upAsaka varga bhI unakI apekSA pAvanAtha ko adhika pratiSThA detA hai / AcArya hastImala jI ne apane grantha jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 1, jo vastutaH itihAsa grantha kI apekSA sthAnakavAsI paramparA kI dRSTi se likhA gayA purANa hI hai, meM pArzva kI vizeSa pratiSThA kA kAraNa yaha batAyA hai ki Aja deva maNDala meM aneka deva aura deviyA~ pArzva ke zAsana meM deva yoni ko prApta hue haiM, ataH unake zAsana kI prabhAvanA adhika hone se ve adhika pUjya haiN| kucha logoM kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki pArzva ke yakSa aura yakSI-dharaNendra aura padmAvatI pArzva ke upAsakoM para zIghra kRpA karate haiM aura unakI manovAMchita kAmanAoM ko pUrA karate haiM ata: jaina saMva meM pArzva kI pratiSThA adhika hai yadyapi siddhAntataH ye uttara apanI jagaha ThIka bhI hoM, kintu merI dRSTi meM jainasaMgha meM pArzvanAtha kI vizeSa pratiSThA ke pIche mUlabhUta kAraNa kucha dUsarA hI hai aura vaha mukhyataH vyAvahArika hai| jaina paramparA meM pArzva ko vighnoM kA upazamana karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha ko vahI sthAna prApta hai jo ki Aja hindU paramparA ke devoM meM vinAyaka yA gaNeza ko hai| hindU paramparA meM gaNeza ko vighnanAzaka devatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai aura hama dekhate haiM ki hindU paramparA ke pratyeka dhArmika anuSThAna meM sarvaprathama vinAyaka kA AhvAna aura sthApanA kI jAtI hai tAki vaha anuSThAna nirvighna rUpa se sampanna ho| ca ki jaina paraMparA meM bhI pArzvanAtha ko vighna-zAmaka tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura isalie unakI vizeSa pratiSThA hai| yadi hama jaina stotra sAhitya aura bhakti sAhitya ko dekheM to bhI yaha spaSTa rUpa se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki jitane stotra pArzva ke lie nirmita hue utane anya kisI bhI tIrthaMkara ke lie nhiiN| sAtha hI hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki pArzva sambandhI lagabhaga sabhI stotroM yA statiyoM meM kahIM na kahIM unase vighna ke upazamana kI athavA laukika maMgala aura kalyANa kI apekSA kI gayI hai / yadyapi jaina dharma siddhAntataH adhyAtma aura tapa-tyAga kI

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[ 9 ] bAta adhika karatA haiM, kintu yaha satya hai ki sabhI manuSyoM meM kahIM na kahIM bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM aura laukika maMgala kI AkAMkSA pAI jAtI hai aura jaba yaha dhAraNA daDhamUla ho jAtI hai ki bhautika maMgala aura bhautika aiSaNAoM kI prApti amuka deva ke dvArA vizeSa rUpa se hotI hai, to svAbhAvika rUpa se vahI deva mukhya rUpa se upAsaka kI AsthA kA kendra bana jAtA hai / jaina paramparA meM pArzvanAtha ke sAtha bhI yahI huA hai| jaina stotra sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna stotra 'uvasaggahara' mAnA jAtA hai / yaha stotra pArzvanAtha kI stuti ke rUpa meM hI nirmita huA hai| isameM unheM maMgala aura kalyANa kA AvAsa, viSa-pIr3AoM aura vighna-bAdhAoM kA upazamana karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai aura unase yaha prArthanA kI gayI hai ki ve upAsaka ke sabhI vighnoM kA upazamana kreN| yadyapi yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se upasthita hotA hai ki jaina darzana ke anusAra pArzvanAtha to vItarAga haiM, ve apane bhaktoM ke vighnoM ke upazamana tathA usake maMgala aura kalyANa ke kartA kisa prakAra ho sakate haiM ? jainoM ne isa dArzanika samasyA ke samAdhAna kA eka mArga prastuta kiyA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki yadyapi tIrthaMkara vItarAga hone ke kAraNa na to apane bhaktoM kA kalyANa karatA hai aura na una bhaktoM ko pIr3A dene vAle ko daNDita hI karatA hai; kintu tIrthakara ke jo yakSa-yakSI yA bhakta devatA hote haiM ve hI una tIrthaMkaroM ke upAsaka bhaktoM ke vighnoM kA upazamana karate haiM aura unakA hita sAdhana yA kalyANa karate haiM / pArzvanAtha ke yakSa-yakSiNiyoM meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kA ullekha AtA hai| dharaNendra ko pArzva-yakSa ke rUpa meM bhI mAnA jAtA hai / 8 yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki pArna hI eka aise tIrthaMkara haiM jinake yakSa ko bhI vahI nAma diyA gayA hai| eka aura manoraMjaka tathya yaha bhI hai ki jaina paraMparA meM pAnaM yakSa kI jo pratimAyeM nirmita hotI haiM ve ThIka gaNeza kI pratimAoM ke samAna hI hastizIrSa (gajazIrSa) se yukta hotI haiN| gaNeza aura pArna yakSa kI pratimAoM meM vAhana ke antara ko chor3akara pUrNatayA samAnatA dekhI jAtI hai / yaha bhI satya hai ki jainadharma meM aneka yakSayakSiNiyoM, vidyAdeviyoM aura zAsana deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke lakSaNoM ko

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[ 10 // hindU paraMparA se hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / jaina paramparA meM cakra zvarI, ambikA, siddhAyika nairoTyA Adi jina deviyoM kI pratiSThA hai, unameM pA kI yakSiNI padmAvatI ko hI sarvAdhika pratiSThA prApta hai / anekAneka jaina mandiroM meM Apako padmAvatI kI pratimAeM upalabdha hotI hai / hindU paramparA meM jo sthAna durgA kA aura bauddha paraMparA meM tArA kA hai vahI jaina paraMparA meM padmAvatI kA hai| Aja bhI aneka jaina upAsaka aura upAsikAyeM padamAvatI ke prati atyadhika bhakti aura zraddhA yukta dekhe jAte haiM / yadyapi jaina paraMparA meM mahAvIra ke yakSa aura yakSiNI bhI mAne gaye haiM kintu dekhane meM yaha AtA hai ki mahAvIra ke yakSa aura yakSiNiyoM kI apekSA pArga ke yakSa aura yakSiNiyoM kI hI jina mandiroM meM adhika upAsanA hotI hai| jainoM meM yaha AsthA dRDhamUla ho cukI hai ki pArzva ke yakSa aura yakSI pArzva kI athavA svayaM unakI upAsanA karane para tatkAla vighnoM kA upazamana karate haiM aura bhakta kA maMgala karate haiN| vastutaH yaha eka aisA vyAvahArika kAraNa hai jisake AdhAra para hama yaha samajha sakate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM pArnanAtha ke prati itanI zraddhA aura AsthA kyoM hai ? pArzvanAtha kA jaina paraMparA meM jo mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai usake aneka kAraNoM meM pramukha kAraNa unheM vighna-vinAzaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara lenA hai| pArzva kA jIvanavRtta : pArzva ke jIvana ke sambandha meM hameM sarvaprathama ullekha kalpasUtra aura samavAyAMga sUtra meM milate haiM / samavAyAMga sUtra meM pArzva ke mAtApitA ke nAma, zarIra kI U~cAI, Ayu, gaNadharoM kI saMkhyA, zramaNazramaNiyoM evaM gRhastha upAsaka-upAsikAoM kI saMkhyA Adi ke ullekha milate haiM / 40 kalpasUtra meM pArzva saMbaMdhI vivaraNa samavAyAMga kI apekSA kucha vistRta hai / usameM sarva prathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pArzva ke paMca kalyANaka vizAkhA nakSatra meM hue / ve caitra kRSNa caturthI ko garbha meM Aye, pauSa kRSNa dazamI ko ardharAtri ke pazcAt vizAkhA nakSatra meM unakA janma huaa| 30 varSa kI avasthA meM pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ko pUrvAhna meM vizAkhA nakSatra meM ve Azramapada nAmaka udyAna meM azoka vRkSa ke nIce eka devadUSya vastra lekara pravajita hue / pravajita hone ke tirAsI rAtri ke vyatIta ho

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[ 11 ] jAne ke bAda caurAsIveM dina grISma Rtu ke prathama mAsa caitra ke kRSNa pakSa kI caturthI ko vizAkhA nakSatra meM pUrvAhnakAla meM unheM kevala jJAna prApta huaa| dhyAna dene yogya tathya yaha hai ki kalpasUtra meM pArzvanAtha ko kamaTha dvArA diye gaye upasarga kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / mAtra yaha kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne deva, manuSya aura tiryaJca saMbaMdhI anuloma aura pratiloma sabhI upasargoM ko samabhAva se sahana kiyaa| kalpasUtra ke anusAra pArzva ke 8 gaNa tathA 8 gaNadhara hue the| unake ATha gaNadharoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-(1) zubha, (2) AryaghoSa, (3) vaziSTha, (4) brahmacArI, (5) soma, (6) zrIhari, (7) vIrabhadra aura (8) yaza / kintu Avazyaka niyukti meM pArzva ke 10 gaNadhara the aisA ullekha hai| isI prakAra abhayadeva kI sthAnAMga vRtti meM bhI pArzva ke 10 gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai| ina donoM meM pArzva ke gaNadharoM kA nAmollekha nahIM hai / kalpasUtra ke anusAra pArzva ke Arya dina pramukha 16000 zramaNa aura puSpa cUlA pramukha 38000 AryikAyeM thiiN| vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki yahAM pArzva ke pradhAna zramaNa Aryadinna kahe gaye haiM jabaki pArzva ke 8 gaNadharoM meM kahIM bhI unakA .ullekha nahIM hai| kalpasUtra meM pArzva ke suvrata pramukha eka lAkha causaTha hajAra gahastha upAsaka aura sunandA pramukha tIna lAkha sattAisa hajAra zrAvikAeM hone kA bhI ullekha hai| pArzva ne apane sAmAnya jIvana ke sattara varSa jana pratibodha dete hue vyatIta kiye aura varSARtu ke prathamamAsa zrAvaNa zukla aSTamI ko nirvANa prApta kiyaa| pArzva ke nirvANa ke 1230 varSa vyatIta hone para kalpasUtra likhA gayA / 4 1 ___ kalpasUtra meM bhI pArzva ke sambandha meM mAtra kucha vistRta sUcanAe~ hI upalabdha hotI haiM, unakA vistRta jIvanavRtta nahIM milatA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke grantha Avazyakaniyukti aura digambara paramparA ke grantha tiloyapaNNatti inakI apekSA kucha adhika sUcanAeM pradAna karate haiM kintu pArzva ke jIvanavRtta kA unameM bhI abhAva hai| pArzva kA vistRta jIvanavRtta ko jAnane kA AdhAra mAtra IsA kI 8 vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt likhe gaye caritragrantha hI haiN| pArzvanAtha ke mAtA-pitA, vaMza evaM kula samavAyAMga, kalpasUtra aura Avazyaka niyukti meM pArzva ke pitA kA

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[ 12 ] nAma Asasena ( azvasena) mAtA kA nAma vAmA batAyA gayA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA ke uttarapurANa aura padmapurANa meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma vizvasena aura mAtA kA nAma brAhmI likhA hai| vAdirAja ne pArzvanAthacarita meM pArzvanAtha kI mAtA kA nAma brahmadattA 'likhA hai| 44 isa prakAra pArzvanAtha ke mAtA-pitA ke nAma zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM bhinna-bhinna dekhe jAte haiN| digambara paramparA ke hI apekSAkRta kucha prAcIna grantha tiloyapaNNatti meM pArzvanAtha kI mAtA kA nAma vammilA kahA gayA hai|4| yaha nAma zvetAmbara 'parAmparA ke vAmA se kucha nikaTatA to rakhatA hai phira bhI donoM ko 'eka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| digambara paramparA ke anya kucha granthoM meM azvasena ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM hayasena aisA nAma bhI milA hai| nAmoM kI yaha bhinnatA vicAraNIya hai| pArzvanAtha ke kula aura vaMza ke saMbaMdha meM zvetAmbara Agama samavA"yAMga aura kalpasUtra meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai / Avazyakaniyukti pArzvanAtha ke kula kA spaSTarUpa se to ullekha nahIM karatI hai, 'kintu usameM ariSTanemi evaM munisuvrata ko chor3akara zeSa 22 tIrthaMkaroM ko kAzyapa gotrIya kahA hai| 8 digambara paramparA ke grantha uttarapurANa meM pArzvanAtha ko ugravaMzIya kahA gayA hai| tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI unako ugravaMzIya batAyA hai|48 yaha saMbhAvanA vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki pArzva uraga vaMza (nAgavaMza) ke ho aura usI kA rUpAntaraNa bhrAntivaza ugga yA ugra ke rUpa meM ho gayA ho| hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM aura devabhadra ne pArzvanAtha carita meM unako ikSvAku kula kA batAyA hai| kSatriyoM meM ikSvAku kula prasiddha rahA hai aura saMbhavataH isIlie pArzva ko bhI isI kula kA mAna liyA gayA ho| "isa saba AdhAroM se aisA lagatA hai ki jaina paramparA meM pArzvanAtha ke kula, vaMza evaM mAtA-pitA ke nAmoM ko lekara ekarUpatA nahIM hai / naise unheM uragavaMzIya yA nAgavaMzIya mAnanA adhika ucita hai| sambhavataH unake nAgavaMzIya hone se nAga ko unake sAtha jor3A gayA ho| pArzva kA nAmakaraNa pAna ke nAmakaraNa ke sandarbha meM Agama sAhitya meM kisI ghaTanA

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[ 13 ] kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai / yadyapi AvazyakacUrNi, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, pAsanAhacariu Adi ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ke garbhakAla meM mAtA ke dvArA aMdherI rAtri meM pAsa meM calate hue sarpa ko dekhe jAne ke kAraNa unheM pAna aisA nAma diyA gayA / 1 digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM indra ke dvArA unakA nAma pA rakhe jAne kA ullekha hai| 3. yadyapi ye sabhI kalpanAyeM hI lagatI haiM, koI Thosa pramANa nahIM hai| pAzrva kA vivAha prasaMga pAna ke vivAha prasaMga ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM meM matabheda hai / zvetAmbara Agama grantha samavAyAMga, kalpasUtra, Avazyaka niyukti Adi meM hameM pArzvanAtha ke vivAha ke saMbaMdha meM koI bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI anya grantha Avazyakaniyukti tathA paumacariyaM meM aura digambara paramparA ke tiloyapaNNatti, padmapurANa enaM harivaMzapurANa meM yaha ullekha hai ki vAsupujja, malli, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra--ye tIrthaMkara kumAra avasthA meM dIkSita hue zeSa ne rAjya kiyaa| kumAra avasthA meM dIkSita hone kA artha jahAM digambara paramparA avivAhita honA mAnatI hai vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA yuvarAja avasthA aisA artha karatI hai| 'kumAra' kA artha yuvarAja avasthA karanA adhika saMgata hai kyoMki zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI granthoM meM isa gAthA ke agale hI caraNa meM kahA gayA hai ki inhoMne rAjya nahIM kiyaa| Avazyakaniyukti meM prayukta 'kumAra' zabda kA artha avivAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki gAthA ke agale caraNa meM 'No itthiyA abhiseyA' pATha milatA hai, jisakA artha vivAha ho sakatA hai kintu aneka pratiyoM meM 'itthiyA' ke sthAna para 'icchiyA' pATha bhI milatA hai, jisakA artha hogA rAjyAbhiSeka kI kAmanA nahIM kI / punaH Avazyakaniyukti ke kumAra zabda kA artha avivAhita karane para AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM aura usameM antarvirodha hogA, kyoMki AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha meM mahAvIra ke vivAhita hone kA ullekha hai ! 54 zvetAmbara paramparA ke grantha caupanamahApurisacariyaM,56 triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra aura devabhadra ke siripAsaNAhacariyara meM

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[ 14 ] 58 tathA paravartI zve0 AcAryoM ke pArzvanAtha caritroM meM unake vivAha kA ullekha huA hai / jabaki digambara paramparA ke grantha tiloyapaNNatti, padmavarita, uttarapurANa aura vAdirAjakRta pArzvanAtha caritra meM kuzasthala jAne aura vivAha karane kA ullekha nahIM hai / digambara AcArya padmakIrti ne kuzasthala jAne aura unake vivAha prastAva kA prasaMga uThAkara bhI vivAha hone kA prasaGga nahIM diyA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pArzva ke vivAha ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM meM matabheda hai / prAcIna Agamika pramANoM ke isa sambandha meM mauna hone se nirNayAtmaka rUpa meM kucha kaha pAnA kaThina hai / vastutaH pArzvanAtha ke caritra lekhana meM kramazaH vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai, isalie usameM paraMparAgata anuzra tiyoM aura lekhaka kI kalpanAoM kA mizraNa hotA rahA hai / kamaTha aura nAgodvAra kI ghaTanA pArzva ke jIvana vRtta ke sAtha kamaTha se hue unake vivAda aura nAga-nAgina ke uddhAra kI ghaTanA bahucarcita hai / kintu prAcIna zvetAmbara Agama samavAyAMga aura kalpasUtra isa ghaTanA ke saMbaMdha meM bhI mauna haiM / Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI isa saMbaMdha meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / kamaTha tApasa se unake vivAda aura nAga uddhAra kI ghaTanA kA ullekha hameM ve sAhitya meM sarvaprathama caupannamahApurisacariyaM " " meM milatA hai / usake anusAra kamaTha ( kaDha ) nAmaka eka tapasvI vArANasI ke nikaTa vana meM tapa kara rahA thA / pArzvakumAra ne samUhoM meM pUjA sAmagrI lekara logoM ko jAte dekhakara apane anucaroM se isa saMbaMdha meM pUchA ki ye loga kahAM jA rahe haiM ? anucaroM ne batAyA ki nagara meM kamaTha nAma kA eka mahAtapasvI AyA hai / ye loga usI kA vandana karane jA rahe haiM / pArzva bhI kamaTha ko dekhane gye| vahAM unhoMne dekhA ki kamaTha paMcAgni tapa kara rahA hai| hiMsA yukta tapa ko dekhakara pArzva ne tApasa se kahA ki dharma to dayA mUlaka hai, agni ko prajjvalita karane se usameM aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai / tapasvI ne kumAra ko kahA ki tuma abhI bAlaka ho tuma dharma ko kyA jAnate ho ? batAo yahAM kisa jIva kI hiMsA ho rahI hai ? pArzva ne jalate hue lakkar3a ko agni se nikAlakara sAvadhAnI se cIrakara aura usameM jalate hue sarpa ko dikha

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[ 15 } laayaa| kathA ke anunAra use NamokAramantra sunavAyA aura vaha marakara dharaNendra nAmaka deva huaa| kamaTha isa ghaTanA ke kAraNa lajjita huA aura jana-sAmAnya meM usakI pratiSThA girii| phalataH vaha pArga kA virodhI bana gayA / kathAnaka ke anusAra kamaTha marakara meghamAlI nAmaka deva huA aura usane jaba pArzvanAtha sAdhanA kara rahe the ativRSTi karake unheM upasarga (kaSTa) diyaa| usa samaya dharaNendra ne Akara pAna ko jala se Upara uutthaayaa| paravartI pArzva caritra saMbandhI vibhinna granthoM meM bhI isa ghaTanA ke varNana meM bhinnatA hai| padmakIrti ke pArzvanAtha caritra60 ke anusAra yavanarAja ko parAsta karane ke pazcAt pArzva kuzasthala meM nivAsa kara rahe the| usI samaya unhoMne aneka logoM ko arcanA kI sAmagrI lekara nagara ke bAhara jAte dekhaa| rAjA ravikIrti se pUchane para jJAta huA ki usa sthala se eka yojana kI dUrI para vanakhaNDa meM aneka tApasa nivAsa karate haiM aura kuzasthala ke nivAsI unake parama bhakta haiN| pArzvanAtha ne vahA~ jAkara dekhA ki kucha tapasvI paMcAgni tapa kara rahe haiN| kucha dhUmrapAna kara rahe haiM, kucha loga pA~va ke bala vakSoM para laTake haiM aura unakA zarIra atyaMta kRza ho gayA hai / usI samaya pAna ne kamaTha nAmaka eka tApasa ko jaMgala se lakaDI kA eka bojha lekara Ate hue dekhA / vaha lakar3I ko agni meM DAlanA hI cAhatA thA ki pArzva ne use rokA aura kahA ki isameM bhayaGkara sarpa haiN| krodhavaza kamaTha ne usa lakkar3a ko cIrA aura usameM se eka sarpa nikalA, jo ki lakkar3a ke cIrane ke kAraNa kSatavikSata ho cukA thaa| pArzva ne use NamokAramantra sunAyA aura vaha nAgarAjAoM ke bIca vIradeva ke rUpa meM utpanna haa| uttarapurANa 1 meM guNabhadra ne isI ghaTanA ko pArzvanAtha ke nanihAla meM ghaTita honA btaayaa| sAtha hI tApasa ke rUpa meM pArva ke nAnA mahIpAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| uparyukta ghaTanA ke ghaTanA-sthala ko lekara bhI vividhatA hai| caupannamahApurisacariyaM meM isa ghaTanA ko vArANasI meM ghaTita honA batAyA gayA hai / jabaki uttarapurANa meM use pArzva ke nAnA ke Azrama meM ghaTita honA batAyA hai| padmakIrti ne pArzvanAtha caritra meM ise kuzasthala meM honA batAyA hai| isI prakAra caupannamahApurisacariyaM

Page #18
[ 16 ] meM jahA~ pArzvanAtha apane anucaroM ke dvArA agni se lakar3I ko nikalavAkara ciravAte haiM, vahAM uttarapurANa aura pArzvanAtha caritra meM svayaM kamaTha usa lakar3I ko cIratA hai / caupannamahApurisacariyaM, siripAsanAhacariyaM, triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra aura padmacaritra meM kevala nAga kA ullekha hai, nAgina kA nahIM / jabaki uttara purANa meM sarpa yugala kI bAta kahI hai aura mAnA hai ki nAga marakara dharaNendra aura nAgina marakara dharaNendra kI strI padmAvatI banI hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara Agama sthAnAMga, bhagavatI aura jJAtAsUtra meM dharaNendra kI jina chaha agramahiSiyoM kA ullekha hai usameM padmAvatI kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai.63 yadyapi jJAtAdharma kathA ke anusAra dharaNendra kI ye agrama hiSiyA~ pArzva ke zAsana meM banI haiM kintu usake sAtha upayukta kathAnaka kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM huA hai| isa kathAnaka meM eka visaMgati yaha bhI hai ki pArzva ke yakSa ke rUpa meM pArzva yakSa aura yakSiNI ke rUpa meM padmAvatI kA ullekha milatA hai| dharaNendra ko bhavanapati devoM kA indra batAyA gayA hai jabaki padmAvatI ko yakSiNI batAyA gayA hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra yakSa vyantara devoM kI eka jAti hai| ataH padmAvatI ko dharaNendra kI agramahiSI mAnanA Agamika dRSTi se yukti saMgata nahIM hai / 84 phira bhI pArzvacaritroM ke lekhaka dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ke bIca sambandha jor3a dete haiN| pArzva kA vihAra kSetra ___ Avazyaka niyukti kI sUcanA ke anusAra jahA~ anya tIrthakaroM meM kevala magadha, rAjagRha, Adi Arya kSetroM meM vihAra kiyA thA vahA~ RSabha, nemi, pAna aura mahAvIra ne anArya kSetroM meM bhI vihAra kiyA thA / 65 isase aisA lagatA hai ki anya tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA RSabha, nemi, pAna aura mahAvIra ke vihAra kSetra adhika vyApaka the| yadyapi paravartI pArzvacaritroM ke lekhakoM ne pArzva ke vihAra kSetroM meM kuru, kauzala, kAzI, sumha, avantI, puNDa, mAlava, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, pAMcAla, magadha, vidarbha, bhadra, dazArNa, saurASTra, karNATaka, koMkar3a, mevAr3a, lATa, drAvir3a, kAzmIra, kaccha, zAka, pallava, vatsa, aura AbhIra deza kA ullekha kiyA / 66 kintu merI dRSTi meM unakA vihAra kSetra vartamAna uttara pradeza, vihAra, pUrvI madhya pradeza, ur3IsA aura baMgAla taka sImita

Page #19
[ 17 ] rahA hogaa| pArzva aura mahAvIra ke kAla meM baMgAla anArya kSetra mAnA jAtA thaa| niyukti kA anArya bhUmi se tAtparya usI kSetra se hai| pArzva ke kathAnaka kA aitihAsika vikAsakrama jaisA ki hama pUrva meM nirdeza kara cuke haiM, pArzvanAtha ke jIvana vRtta ke saMbaMdha meM prAcIna ullekha alpatama hI haiN| kintu isake viparIta pArzvanAtha ke upadeza, unakI dhArmika aura dArzanika mAnyatAe~, pArvApatya zramaNoM kA svayaM mahAvIra se athavA mahAvIra ke zramaNoM se milane evaM tattvacarcA karane Adi ke ullekha prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM paryApta rUpa se upalabdha hai| pAna ke jIvana vRtta ke saMbandha meM samavAyAMga, kalpasUtra evaM Avazyakaniyukti meM unakA gaMza, mAtA-pitA ke nAma, garbhAvataraNa, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya aura nirvANa kI tithiyA~ evaM nakSatra, gaNadharoM ke nAma tathA zramaNa-zramaNI evaM upAsaka-upAsikAoM kI saMkhyA saMbaMdhI ullekha milate haiN| 7 pArzvanAtha ke jIvanavRtta kI pramukha ghaTanAoM ke saMbaMdha meM ye grantha lagabhaga mauna hI haiM / sAtha hI kalpasUtra, samavAyAMga, Avazyakaniyukti evaM tiloyapaNNatti ke saba vivaraNa 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnyatA ke sthira hone ke pazcAt arthAt lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthIM zatAbdI ke bAda ke hI lagate haiN| Agama sAhitya meM pArzva saMbaMdhI vivaraNoM meM prAcIna stara ke vivaraNa to mAtra pApityoM ke mahAvIra evaM mahAvIra ke zramaNoM se milana ko tathA pAna kI tAtvika tathA AcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM ko sUcita karate haiM / yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha sthiti kevala pArna ke saMbaMdha meM hI nahIM hai, apitu sabhI bhAratIya cintakoM aura sAdhakoM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI hai| prAcIna yuga meM kevala upadeza bhAga ko hI mahattA dI jAtI thI aura isalie usI ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA thaa| jaina paraMparA meM pAna ke saMbaMdha meM vikasita kathAnakoM meM unake enaM kamaTha ke pUrva bhavoM tathA donoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM kA vivaraNa, isa bhava meM ghaTita kamaTha tApasa sambandhI ghaTanA, pAna kA yavana rAja ko vijita karane ke lie prasthAna karanA tathA prasenajita kI

Page #20
[ 18 ] putrI prabhAvatI ke sAtha unake vivAha saMbaMdhI prastAva-carcA pramukha rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai| kintu jaisA ki hamane dekhA ye saba vivaraNa bAgama sAhitya meM aura niyuktiyoM meM kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM pArzva se saMbaMdhita upayukta sabhI kathAnaka bikasita rUpa se sarvaprathama zIlAMka ke caupannamahApuriecariyaM meM upalabdha hote haiN| yaha grantha lagabhaga IsA kI nauvIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM likhA gayA hai| isake bAda ke sabhI TIkAkAroM aura granthakAroM ne ina ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / digambara paraMparA meM pArzvanAtha ke kathAnaka saMbaMdhI vivaraNa kA prAcInatama AdhAra yativRSabha kRta tiloyapaNNatti hai, kintu usameM bhI zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke banurUpa hI tIrthaMkaroM ke janma sthAna, paMca kalyANaka unake nakSatra, mAtAsitA Adi saMbaMdhI ullekha mAtra milate haiM / pAna ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta kathAnaka kA isameM bhI abhAva hai| digambara paraMparA meM pAoM kA vistRta kathAnaka sarvaprathama jinasena ke pAzrvAbhyuhya evaM guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa meM upalabdha hotA hai| 70 grantha bhI IsA kI 9vIM zatAbdI meM likhe gaye hai| ataH zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paraMparAoM meM pAna se saMbaMdhita vistRta kathAnaka hameM navIM zatAbdI se pUrva upalabdha nahIM hote haiM / paravartI zvetAmbara aura digambara paraMparA meM pArnanAtha para jo bhI caritra grantha likhe gaye haiM una sabameM inhIM kathAnakoM kA vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| ve sabhI bhI pArzva ke sambandha meM unake pUrva bhava, kamaTha sambandhI ghaTanA tathA prabhAvatI kI aura prasenajita ke sajya kI yavanarAja ke AkramaNa se surakSA Adi ke ullekha se yukta haiM / 'yavanarAja' zabda svayaM isa kathAnaka ko paravartI kAla kA siddha karatA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki pArzva ke bIvana vRtta ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta vivaraNa aura kathAnaka jinakA ullekha zvetAmbara paraMparA meM 'cauppanamahApuruSacariyaM' meM AcArya zIlAMka aura digambara paraMparA ke uttarapurANa meM guNabhadra karate haiM, ve kyA unakI hI kalpanA kI sRSTi hai yA usake pUrva ye kathAnaka kahIM anyatra varNita the| prAmANika sAkSya ke abhAva meM Aja isa saMbaMdha meM nirNayAtmaka rUpa se kucha bhI kaha pAnA kaThina hogA, kintu itanA avazya kahA jA

Page #21
[ 19 ] sakatA hai ki anuzruti ke rUpa meM ye kathAnaka inake pUrva bhI pracalita rahe hoNge| kalpasUtra bhI kama se kama itanA ullekha avazya karatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne apane sAdhanAkAla meM deva, manuSya aura tiryaJca saMbaMdhita aneka upasargoM ko sahana kiyaa| sambhavataH isI AdhAra para Age kamaTha saMbaMdhI ghaTanAkrama kA vivaraNa likhA gayA hogaa| pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ke isI kathAnaka kA vikAsa pAnAtha ke pUrva bhavoM saMbaMdhI vivaraNoM meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| pArna ke jIvana vRtta meM kamaTha saMbaMdhI ghaTanAkrama ko sthAna dene ke do uddezya haiM, pratIta hote prathama to isa ghaTanAkrama dvArA zramaNa paraMparA meM vikasita avivekapUrNa deha-daNDana kI AlocanA kara vivekapUrNa jJAnamArgI sAdhanA kI pratiSThA karanA aura dUsarA karmasiddhAMta kI anivAryatA ko siddha karanA / prabhAvatI saMbaMdhI prasaMga paravartI sabhI zvetAmbara aura kucha digambara granthoM meM upalabdha hai| mAtra antara yaha hai ki jahA~ zvetAmbara paraMparA ke kathA lekhaka prabhAvatI kI yavanarAja se surakSA karane ke sAtha-sAtha bAda meM prasenajita aura azvasena ke Agraha para usake sAtha pArzva ke vivAha kA bhI ullekha kara dete haiM; vahA~ digambara paraMparA ke ve granthakAra jinhoMne isa prasaMga ko citrita kiyA hai, pArzva kI nairAgya bhAvanA ko pradarzita kara vivAha ke lie unake spaSTa niSedha ko citrita karate haiN| isa ghaTanAkrama meM jo yavanarAja kA ullekha hai usase aisA lagatA hai ki yaha kathAnaka yavanoM ke bhArata praveza ke pazcAt hI kabhI vikasita huA hogaa| pArzva ke jIvana vRtta saMbaMdhI ghaTanAkramoM ke prAcIna ullekhoM ke abhAva se hameM pArzva ke astitva aura unakI aitihAsikatA ke saMbaMdha meM koI prazna cihna nahIM khar3A karanA cAhie, kyoMki unake evaM unakI paraMparA ke astitva tathA unake upadezoM se saMbaMdhita vivaraNa RSibhASita, AcArAMga dvitIya-zru taskandha, sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatI jaise prAcIna stara ke Agama granthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se upalabdha haiN| pArzvanAtha kA avadAna bhAratIya saMskRti kI zramaNa dhArA mUlataH tyAga aura tapa ko pradhAnatA detI hai aura isI kAraNa hI isakI loka meM pratiSThA rahI hai| yaha sunizcita hai ki pArzvanAtha isI zramaNa paramparA ke pravaktA

Page #22
[ 20 ] haiM, kintu unakA isa zramaNa paramparA ko eka viziSTa avadAna hai| yadyapi zramaNoM ne vaidikoM ke hiMsaka yajJa-yAjJoM kA khaNDana kara unakI karmakANDI paramparA ko asvIkAra kara diyA thA, kintu zramaNa dhArA meM bhI yaha karmakANDa kisI taraha praviSTa ho gayA thaa| usameM bhI tapa aura tyAga-viveka pradhAna na raha kara karmakANDa-pradhAna bana gaye the| aisA lagatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke yuga meM zramaNa dhArA meM bhI tapa aura tyAga ke sAtha karmakANDa pUrI taraha jur3A huA thA aura tapa bAhyADambara aura dehadaNDana kI eka prakriyA se adhika kucha nahIM thaa| kaThoratama dehadaNDana dvArA loka meM apanI pratiSThA ko arjita karanA hI usa yuga ke zramaNoM aura saMnyAsiyoM kA ekamAtra uddezya thA / aupaniSadika RSiyoM kI, jJAnamArgI dhArA abhI apanA rUpa le rahI thI ataH sambhava yahI lagatA hai ki pArzva ne sarvaprathama zramaNa paramparA meM praviSTa hue isa dehadaNDana aura karmakANDa kA virodha kiyaa| unake jIvanavRtta meM kamaTha tApasa kA jo vivaraNa jur3A hai, usakA uddezya bhI tapa aura dhyAna ko mAtra deha daNDana kI prakriyA se mukta karanA hai| pArzvanAtha abhI yuvA hI hue the, unhoMne dekhA ki vaidika paramparA ke yajJoM meM prANiyoM kA balidAna ho rahA hai| kintu vaidikoM kI parapIDana kI pravRtti kA sthAna zramaNa dhArA meM sva-pIDana ne le liyA dUsaroM ko balivedI para car3hAne ke sthAna para vyakti svayaM apane koM balidAna kI vedI para car3hAne lagA hai| para-pIr3ana kI vRtti Atma-pIr3anA ke rUpa meM vikasita hone lagI thI aura usa Atma-pIr3ana meM bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM para-pIr3ana jur3A huA thaa| isIliye pArzva kumAra ko kamaTha se kahanA par3A hogA ki tumhArI isa sAdhanA meM AdhyAtmika Ananda kI anubhUti kahA~ hai ? isameM na to svahita hai aura na parahita yA lokahita / khuda bhI pIr3ita ho rahe ho aura dUsaroM ko bhI pIr3ita kara rahe ho / eka ora paMcAgni tapa kI isa jvAlA se tumhArA zarIra jhulasa rahA hai to dUsarI ora usameM choTe-bar3e aneka jIva-jantu bhI jhulasa rahe haiN| na jAne kitane kITa-pataMga tumhArI isa agni kI jvAlA meM jIvana kI balivedI para car3ha rahe haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM tuma jisa lakkar3a ko jalA rahe ho usameM eka nAga yugala bhI jala rahA hai / pArka ke kathAnaka meM lakkar3a ko khIMcakara usameM se usa nAga yugala ko bacAne

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[ 21 ] kI jo ghaTanA varNita hai, vaha yaha bodha karAtI hai ki aisI sAdhanA jisameM Atma-pIr3ana aura para-pIr3ana juDA ho, saccI sAdhanA nahIM ho sktii| sAdhanA meM jJAna aura viveka kI pratiSThA Avazyaka hai| vaha dehadaNDana bhI jisameM jJAna aura viveka ke tattva nahIM haiM, Atma-pIr3ana se adhika kucha nahIM hai / deha ko pIr3A denA sAdhanA nahIM hai| sAdhanA to manovikAroM kI nirmalatA hai, AtmA meM sahaja Ananda kI anubhUti hai| pAva kI yaha hitazikSA cAhe kamaTha jaise usa yuga ke tApasoM ko acchI na lagI ho kintu isameM eka satya nihita hai| dharma sAdhanA ko, na to dUsaroM kI pIr3A ke sAtha jor3anA cAhie aura na Atma-pIr3ana ke sAtha / mukti prApti kA artha hai vAsanA aura vikAroM se mukti / aisA lagatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne apane yuga meM dharma aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM eka mahattvapUrNa krAnti kI hogii| unhoMne sAdhanA ko sahaja banAne kA prayatna kiyA aura usameM jJAna aura viveka ke tattva ko pratiSThita kiyaa| bhagavAn buddha ne Age calakara ubhaya antoM ke parityAga ke rUpa meM jisa dharmamArga kA pravartana kiyA thA usakA mUlasrota pArzva kI paramparA meM nihita thaa| pArna dharma aura sAdhanA ko parapIr3ana aura Atma-pIr3ana se mukta karake Atma zodhana yA nirvikAratA kI sAdhanA ke sAtha jor3ate haiM aura yahI unakA bhAratIya saMskRti aura zramaNa paramparA ko sabase bar3A avadAna hai| pArzva kI dhArmika aura dArzanika mAnyatAyeM jahA~ taka pArzva kI mAnyatAoM kA prazna hai, Aja hameM unakI paramparA kA aisA koI svatantra grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA jo isa para prakAza DAlatA ho / pArzva kI dArzanika aura AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko jAnane aura samajhane ke hamAre pAsa jo bhI prAcInatama sAdhana upalabdha haiM ve zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Agama grantha hI haiN| inameM bhI RSibhASita hI eka aisA grantha hai jisameM pArzva ke nAma se eka svatantra adhyAya hai| jisameM unakI dArzanika aura AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana se maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki RSibhASita pratyeka RSi ke upadeza ko prAmANika rUpa se prastuta karatA hai| yAjJavalkya, maMkhalIgozAla,

Page #24
[ 22 ] mahAkazyapa, sAriputra Adi adhyAyoM ko dekhane se isa tathya kI puSTi ho jAtI hai / ataH usameM prastuta pArzva ke vicAra bhI prAmANika mAne jA sakate haiN| RSibhASita ke pazcAt zvetAmbara Agama granthoM meM uttarAdhyayana kA sthAna AtA hai jisameM gautama kezI ke saMvAda meM pArva kI paramparA kI mukhya mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM saMkSipta sUcanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| isake pazcAt sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatI meM kucha aise prasaMga haiM jahA~ pAzrvApatyoM dvArA yA unake mAdhyama se pArzva kI mAnyatAoM ko saMketita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatI kA eka sthala to aisA hai jahA~ mahAvIra pArzva kI mAnyatAoM se apanI sahamati bhI prakaTa karate haiN|' 4 'rAyapaseniya' meM rAjA payAsI (pradezI) aura kezI ke bIca hue saMvAda meM AtmA ke astitva sambandhI jo pramANa prastuta kiye gaye haiM ve bhI pArzva kI paramparA se sambandhita mAne jA sakate haiN| kyoMki unake pratipAdaka kezI svayaM pArzva kI paramparA se sambandhita haiN| sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura Avazyakaniyukti meM kucha aise sthala bhI haiM jahA~ pArzva kI paramparA aura mahAvIra kI paramparA meM antara ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 76 prastuta prasaMga meM inhIM saba AdhAroM para hama pArzva kI mUlabhUta dArzanika aura AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko spaSTa kreNge| sAtha hI unameM aura mahAvIra kI mAnyatAoM meM kyA antara rahe haiM, athavA mahAvIra ne pArzva kI paramparA ko kisa prakAra saMzodhita kiyA hai, isakI carcA kreNge| RSibhASita meM varNita pAzrva kA dharma aura darzana jaisA ki hama pUrva meM saMketa kara cuke haiM ki pArzva ke upadezoM kA prAcInatama sandarbha hameM RSibhASita meM prApta hotA hai| RSibhASita meM pArzva kI mAnyatA ke sandarbha meM se darzana sambandhI aura AcAra sambandhI donoM hI pakSa upalabdha hote haiN| yahAM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki RSibhASita meM pArzva nAmaka adhyayana hI aisA hai jisakA eka pAThAntara bhI upalabdha hotA hai / granthakAra ne isakI carcA karate hue svayaM hI kahA hai ki "gati vyAkaraNa nAmaka granthoM meM isa adhyAya kA dUsarA pATha bhI dekhA jAtA hai| isa sUcanA ke sAtha

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[ 23 ] usameM isa adhyAya ke pAThAntara ko sampUrNa rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / sarvaprathama hama RSibhASita ke isI adhyAya ke AdhAra para pArzva ke darzana aura dharma ko samajhane kA prayatna kareMge / dArzanika dRSTi se RSibhASita meM mukhyataH loka ke svarUpa kI tathA jIva aura pudgala kI gati kI, karma evaM usake phala- vipAka kI aura vipAka ke phalasvarUpa vividha gatiyoM meM hone vAle saMkramaNa kI carcA kI gayI hai / AcAra saMbaMdhI carcA ke sandarbha meM mukhyarUpa se isameM cAturyAma, nirjIva bhojana aura mokSa kI carcA huI hai / punaH prazna uttara meM gayA ki loka kitane gayA hai ki loka cAra loka aura bhAva loka // "prathama prazna hai - loka kyA hai ? uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva aura ajIva yahI loka haiM / prakAra kA hai ? isa prazna ke prakAra kA hai : dravya loka, kSetra loka, lokabhAva kisa prakAra kA hai ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki lokasvataH astitvavAn hai / svAmitva kI dRSTi se yaha loka jIvoM kA hai / nirmANa kI dRSTi se yaha loka jIva aura ajIva donoM se nirmita hai / loka bhAva kisa prakAra kA hai ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha loka anAdi, anidhana aura pAriNAmika ( parivartanazIla ) hai / ise loka kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? isake pratyuttara meM kahA gayA hai ki avalokita yA dRzyamAna hone se ise loka kahA jAtA hai| lokavyavasthA gati ( parivartana ) para AdhArita hai / gati sambandhI praznoM ke pratyuttara meM kahA gayA hai ki gamanazIla hone se ise gati kahA jAtA hai / jIva aura pudgala donoM hI gati karate haiM / yaha gati bhI cAra prakAra kI hai - dravyagati, kAlagati, kSetragati aura bhAvagati / yaha gatibhAva arthAt gati kA cakra anAdi aura anidhana hai / kiyA kahA kAla isI prasaMga meM pArzva ke karma siddhAnta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva svabhAvataH UrdhvagAmI hote haiM aura pudgala adhogAmI / jIva karma pradhAna haiM aura pudgala pariNAma pradhAna / jIva kI gati karma se prApta phala vipAka ke dvArA hotI hai aura pudgala kI gati pariNAma ke vipAka (svAbhAvika parivartana) ke dvArA hotI hai / koI bhI kaSAya arthAta hiMsA se yukta hokara zAzvata sukha kI prApta nahIM kara sakatA

Page #26
[ 24 ] jIva do prakAra kI vedanA kA anubhava karate haiM (sukha rUpa aura duHkha rUpa ) / prANAtipAta yAvat mithyAdarzana zalya se virata hokara jIva sukha kA vedana karatA hai| isake viparIta hiMsA Adi kRtyoM se jIva bhaya aura duHkha ko prApta hotA hai| jisane apane kartavya mArga kA nizcaya kara liyA hai, jo saMsAra meM jIvana nirvAha ke liye nirjIva padArthoM kA hI AhAra karatA hai, jisane AsravoM ke dvAra banda kara liye haiM aisA bhikSu isa saMsAra prasUta vedanA kA chedana karatA hai / saMsAra / bhava bhramaNa kA nAza karatA hai aura bhava-bhramaNa janya vedanA kA nAza karatA hai / usakA saMsAra samApta ho jAtA hai aura usakI sAMsArika vedanA arthAt saMsAra ke duHkha bhI samApta ho jAte haiM / vaha buddha, virata, vipApa aura zAnta hotA hai aura punaH saMsAra meM janma nahIM letA hai / "78 RSibhASita meM pArzva kI mAnyatAoM ko pAThabheda se do prakAra se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isI 'grantha meM gati vyAkaraNa' nAmaka grantha meM upalabdha pATha ke AdhAra para pArzva kI mAnyatAoM ko nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai - " jIva aura pudgala donoM hI gatizIla haiM / gati do prakAra kI hai- prayogagati ( paraprerita) aura vitrasAgati / ye ( svataH prerita) gatiyA~ jIva aura pudgala donoM meM hI hotI haiM / audAyika aura pAriNAmika - ye gati ke rUpa hai aura gamanazIla hone se ise gati kahate haiM / jIva UrdhvagAmI hote haiM aura pudgala adhogAmI / pApa karmazIla jIva pariNAma ( manobhAva ) se gati karatA hai aura vaha pudgala kI gati meM preraka bhI hotA hai / jo pApakarmoM kA vazavartI hai vaha kabhI bhI duHkha rahita nahIM hogA, arthAt mokSa ko prApta nahIM hogA / ve pApa karma prANAtipAta se lekara parigraha taka haiM / vaha asambuddha arthAt jJAna rahita jIva karma ke dvAroM ko na rokane vAlA, cAturyAma dharma se rahita, ATha prakAra kI karma-granthi ko bA~dhatA hai aura una karmoM ke vipAka ke rUpa meM nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva gati ko prApta karatA hai / jIva svakRta karmoM ke phala kA vedana karatA hai parakRta karmoM kA nahIM / samyak sambuddha jIva karma Agamana ke dvAroM ko banda kara dene vAlA, cAturyAma dharma kA pAlana karane vAlA ATha prakAra kI karma-graMthi ko nahIM bA~dhatA hai aura isa prakAra unake vipAka ke rUpa meM nAraka, deva, manuSya aura pazu gati ko bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai isa prakAra RSibhASita ke AdhAra para / 179

Page #27
[ 25 ] pArzvanAtha kI dArzanika aura AcAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM kA eka saMkSipta citra yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai / anya Agama granthoM meM varNita pAvaM kA dharma aura darzana yadi hama sUtrakRtAMga kI ora Ate haiM to hameM pArzvanAtha kI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM kucha aura adhika jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| sUtra kRtAMga meM 'udaka peDhAlaputra' nAmaka pAzrvApatya zramaNa kI mahAvIra ke pradhAna gaNadhara gautama se huI carcA kA ullekha hai / udaka peDhAlaputra gautama se prazna karate haiM ki ApakI paramparA ke kumAraputrIya zramaNa zramaNopAsaka ko isa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna karAte haiM ki "rAjAjJAdi kAraNa se kisI gRhastha ko athavA cora ko bAMdhane-chor3ane ke atirikta maiM kisI trasa jIva kI hiMsA nahIM kruuNgaa|" kintu isa taraha kA pratyAkhyAna duHpratyAkhyAna hai, kyoMki trasa jIva marakara sthAvara ho jAtA hai aura sthAvara jIva marakara trasa ho jAtA hai| ataH unheM isa prakAra savizeSa pratyAkhyAna karavAnA cAhiye ki "maiM rAjAjJAdi kAraNa se gRhastha ko athavA cora ko bAMdhane yA chor3ane ke atirikta trasabhUta arthAt trasa paryAya vAle kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM kruuNgaa| isa prakAra 'bhUta' arthAt trasa avasthA ko prApta vizeSaNa lagA dene se ukta doSApatti nahIM hogI / gautama ne unakI isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue isa bAta ko vistAra se spaSTa kiyA hai ki pratyeka pratyAkhyAna kisI bhI jIva kI avasthA vizeSa se hI sambandhita hotA hai| jo trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai vaha trasa paryAya meM rahe hue jIvoM kI hI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai / jisa prakAra koI vyakti zramaNa paryAya tyAgakara gRhastha bana jAya to vaha gRhastha hI kahA jAyegA, zramaNa nahIM ; isI prakAra trasa kAya se sthAvara kAya meM gayA jIva sthAvara hai trasa nhiiN| 0 isa carcA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM pApityoM meM bhI hiMsA Adi ke pratyAkhyAna kI paramparA thI aura sAtha hI ve pratyAkhyAna kI bhASA ke prati bhI atyanta sajaga the| bhagavatI sUtra meM pApitya gAMgeya anagAra aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI carcA kA ullekha hai| isameM cAroM gatiyoM meM janma aura mRtyu ke

Page #28
[ 26 ] 1 sandarbha meM vistRta carcA hai / isa carcA meM mukhya rUpa se isa dArzanika prazna ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra sat hI utpanna hotA hai aura vinaSTa hotA hai / mahAvIra jaba yaha kahate haiM ki sat hI utpanna hotA hai aura sat hI vinaSTa hotA hai to gAMgeya svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha dArzanika samasyA upasthita karate haiM ki sat kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai ? yadi vaha utpanna hotA hai to isakA artha hogA ki vaha pahale asat thA, puna: jo vinAza ko prApta hotA hai vaha bhI sat kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa prakAra sat ke utpanna aura naSTa hone kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA / jo asat hai usakA bhI utpAda aura vinAza nahIM ho sakatA / mahAvIra ne yahA~ gAMgeya anagAra ke samakSa pArzvanAtha kI hI mAnyatA ko spaSTa karate hue yaha batAyA ki arhat pArzva ne loka ko zAzvata kahA hai, isameM na to sarvathA asat kI hI utpatti hotI hai aura na sat kA sarvathA nAza ho hotA hai / ataH apane audAyika evaM pAriNAmika bhAvoM ke kAraNa sat hI utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai / " RSibhASita ke anusAra bhI pArzva ke darzana meM loka ko anAdi, anidhana mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha use pAriNAmika yA parivartanazIla bhI mAnA gayA hai / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki jaina darzana kI utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka sat kI jo avadhAraNA hai usakA mUla pArzvanAtha kI vicAradhArA meM spaSTa rUpa se upasthita hai / gAMgeya aura mahAvIra kI isa carcA meM yaha prazna bhI uThAyA gayA hai ki prANI apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra hI cAroM gatiyoM meM utpanna hote haiM aura vahA~ se nikalate haiM yA inakA preraka anya koI hai ? pratyuttara meM mahAvIra kahate haiM ki jIva apane hI zubhAzubha karmoM se cAroM gatiyoM meM utpanna hote haiM unakA preraka anya koI nahIM hai / gAMgeya kA mahAvIra ke isa uttara se santuSTa hokara unheM sarvajJa mAnanA isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki pAvapityoM kI bhI yahI mAnyatA thI / RSibhASita meM bhI karma siddhAnta kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha yaha kahA gayA hai ki prANI svakRta sukha-duHkha kA vedana karatA hai parakRta kA nahIM / " isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pArzva ke darzana meM jaina karma siddhAnta kI mUlabhUta avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se upasthita thI / bhagavatI sUtra meM anyatra 'kAlAzyavaizika putra' nAmaka pAzrvApatya kI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kucha sthavira zramaNoM ke sAtha huI carcA kA bhI

Page #29
[ 27 ] ullekha milatA hai / isa carcA meM mukhya rUpa se sAmAyika, pratyAkhyAna, saMyama, saMvara, viveka aura vyutsarga ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, yahAM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki AtmA hI sAmAyika hai, saMyama hai, saMvara hai, viveka hai, ityAdi / kyoMki ye sabhI AtmApUrvaka hote haiM / yahA~ yaha bhI prazna upasthita kiyA gayA ki AtmA hI sAmAyika hai to phira kaSAya Adi bhI AtmA hI hoMge aura phira kaSAyoM kI nindA kyoM kI jAtI hai| pUnaH yaha prazna bhI uThAyA gayA ki nindA saMyama hai yA anindaa| isake spaSTIkaraNa meM mahAvIra ke sthaviroM ne kahA ki paranindA asaMyama hai aura AtmanindA saMyama hai| isI prakAra eka anya prasaMga meM bhagavatI meM mahAvIra ke zramaNopAsakoM aura pAzrvApatya zramaNoM ke bIca huI vArtA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / isameM mahAvIra ke zramaNopAsaka saMyama aura tapa ke phala ke viSaya meM prazna karate haiN| pApitya sthavira isake uttara meM kahate haiM ki saMyama kA phala anAzrava hai aura tapa kA phala nirjarA hai| pArvApatya zramaNoM ke isa uttara para mahAvIra ke zramaNopAsaka phira prazna karate haiM ki yadi saMyama kA phala anAsrava tathA tapa kA phala nirjarA hai to jIvadevaloka meM kisa kAraNa se utpanna hote haiM ? isa sambandha meM pApitya zramaNa vibhinna rUpoM meM uttara dete haiN| kAlIyaputra sthavira kahate haiM ki prAthamika tapa se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiN| mehila sthavira kahate haiM ki prAthamika saMyama se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiN| Ananda rakSita sthavira kahate haiM ki kAmikatA arthAt sarAga saMyama aura tapa ke kAraNa jo karmabandha hotA hai usake nimitta se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiM / kAzyapa sthavira kahate haiM ki sAMgikatA (Asakti) se devaloka meM deva utpanna hote haiM / 84 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pAzrvApatya paramparA meM tapa, saMyama, Asrava, anAsrava, nirjarA Adi kI avadhAraNAyeM na kevala vyavasthita rUpa se upasthita thIM, apitu una para gambhIratA pUrvaka cintana bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke mUlabhUta antara cAturyAma aura paMcayAma ke tathA sacela aura acela ke

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[ 28 ] 85 "praznoM ko lekara vistRta carcA hai / " zramaNa kezI aura gautama ke bIca huI isa carcA se itanA to spaSTa rUpa se phalita hotA hai ki pA cAturyAma dharma ke sAtha-sAtha sacela dharma kA pratipAdana karate the / cAturyAma tathA paMcayAma tathA sacela aura acela ke vivAda ke atirikta kezI aura gautama ke bIca huI isa saMvAda meM aneka AdhyAtmika praznoM kI bhI carcA kI gayI thI jisameM mukhya rUpa se 5 indriyoM, 4 kaSAyoM, mana aura AtmA kA saMyamana tathA tRSNA kA uccheda kisa prakAra saMbhava hai -yaha samasyA uThAyI gayI thI / " zramaNa kezI ke dvArA uThAye gaye ye prazna isa bAta ko sUcita karate haiM ki pArzva kI paramparA meM bhI AtmA, mana aura indriyoM ke saMyama tathA tRSNA aura kaSAyoM ke unmUlana para gambhIra rUpa se cintana hotA thA / ina saba sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki sat kA utpAda-vyaya-dhauvyAtmaka honA, paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA, aSTa prakAra kI karma granthiyA~, zubhAzubha karmoM ke zubhAzubha vipAka, karma vipAka ke kAraNa cAroM gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa tathA sAmAyika, saMvara, pratyAkhyAna, nirjarA, vyutsarga Adi sambandhI avadhAraNAyeM pAzvapatya paramparA meM spaSTa rUpa se upasthita thI aura una para vistAra se tathA gambhIratA pUrvaka carcA hotI thI / mahAvIra kI paramparA meM ye sabhI tattva pAzrvApatya paramparA se gRhIta hokara vikasita hue haiM / mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparA kA antara yadyapi Aja hama pArzva aura mahAvIra donoM ko eka hI dharma paraparA kA mAnate haiM, kintu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki pArzva aura mahAvIra kI dhArmika AcAra paramparAoM meM paryApta antara thA / sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki eka ora mahAvIra kI paramparA ne pArzva kI paramparA se AcAra aura darzana donoM hI kSetroM meM kAphI kucha grahaNa kiyA to dUsarI ora usane pArzva kI paramparA ke aneka AcAra niyamoM ko parivartita bhI kiyA hai / upalabdha Agama sAhitya ke AdhAra para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ne pArzva kI paramparA meM nimna saMzodhana kiye the / sacela acela kA prazna - jahA~ pArna sacela paraMparA ke poSaka

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[ 29 ] haiM vahA~ mahAvIra acela paraMparA ke poSaka haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke kezI gautama saMvAda meM mahAvIra ko acela dharma kA aura pArga ko sacela dharma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki pAna apane zramaNoM ko antara-vAsaka aura uttarIya rakhane kI anumati dete the| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM pArga kI vastra-vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM 'santarUttaro' zabda AyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAryoM ne isakA artha viziSTa mUlyavAn aura bahuraMgI vastra kiyA hai,87 kintu yaha bAta una zabdoM ke mUla artha se saMgati nahIM. rkhtii| yadi hama ina zabdoM ke mUla arthoM ko dekheM to inakA artha kisI bhI sthiti meM raGgIna bahumUlya vastra nahIM hotA hai| inakA spaSTa artha hai-antaravAsaka aura uttarIya / isase aisA pratiphalita hotA hai ki pAna kI paramparA ke sAdhu eka antara-vAsaka aura eka uttarIya athavA or3hane kA vastra rakhate the| pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM nigraMthoM ko eka zATaka kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM mahAvIra kI parampasa. ko acela kahA gayA hai| ataH ina eka zATaka nirgranthoM ko mahAvIra kI paramparA kA mAnanA ucita nahIM lagatA hai / pAli tripiTaka ekazATaka nigraMthoM ke cAturyAma saMvara se yukta hone kI bAta bhI kahatAH hai ataH eka zATaka nirgranthoM ko pAna kI paraMparA se jor3anA adhika yukti saMgata lagatA hai yadyapi tripiTaka meM cAturyAma kA ullekha 'nigaNThanAtaputta' arthAt mahAvIra se saMbaMdhita hai, kintu mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki tripiTakakAra mahAvIra aura pAna kI paramparA ke antara ke saMbandha meM spaSTa nahIM the| yadi hama ina nirgranthoM ko pAna kI paramparA kA anuyAyI mAneM to aisA lagatA hai ki ve eka vastra rakhate the| yahA~ yaha samasyA utpanna ho sakatI hai ki yA to tripiTaka meM ullikhita nirgrantha pAna kI paraMparA ke nahIM the aura yadi ve pAna kI paramparA ke the, to tripiTaka ke eka zATaka ke ullekha meM aura uttarAdhyayana ke santarUttara ke ullekha meM saMgati kaise baiThAyI jAyegI ? merI dRSTi meM sAmAnyatayA pArvApatya zramaNa dhAraNa to eka hI vastra karate the, kintu ve eka vastra oDhane ke lie apane pAsa rakhate hoMge jisakA upayoga sardI meM karate hoNge| AcArAMga meM mahAvIra ko aura samavAyAMga meM sabhI jinoM ko eka vastra lekara dIkSita hone kA jo saMketa hai vaha saMbhavataH pArzvanAtha.

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[ 30 ] kI paramparA se saMbaMdhita hai|89 jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo vastrapAtra kA vikAsa huA hai vaha mUlataH pAvapitya zramaNoM ke mahAvIra ke saMgha meM milane ke kAraNa hI huA hogaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra kI pUrvavartI paramparAoM meM jahA~ pArzva kI nirgrantha paraMparA eka vastra yA do vastroM kA vidhAna karatI hai vahA~ AjIvakoM kI paraMparA, jisameM mahAvIra ke samakAlIna maMkhaliputra gozAla the, acelatA ( nagnatA ) kA pratipAdana kara rahI thii| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama to pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke anusAra eka vastra lekara dIkSA grahaNa kI hogI, jisakI puSTi AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha se hotI hai, kintu eka ora pAzrvApatyoM kI AcAra saMbaMdhI 'zithilatAoM yA suvidhAvAda ko tathA dUsarI ora AjIvaka zramaNoM kI kaThora tapa sAdhanA ko dekhakara vastra tyAgakara Age unhoMne acela paramparA kA pratipAdana kiyaa| phira bhI pAzrvApatya paramparA ke sAtha unakA vaMzAnugata sambandha to thA hI, ataH ve pAzrvApatya paramparA se adhika dUra nahIM raha sake / aneka pApityoM kA unakI paramparA meM sammilita honA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparA meM prArambha meM jo kucha dUrI nirmita ho gayI thI vaha bAda meM punaH samApta ho gayI aura saMbhava hai ki mahAvIra ne kaThora AcAra kA samarthana karate hue bhI acelatA ke prati adhika Agraha nahIM rakhA ho| AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha meM hI eka, do aura tIna vastroM kI anumati sacela paramparA ke prati unakI udAratA kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai|1 cAturyAma aura paMcamahAvata kA vivAda-mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparA kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa antara cAturyAma dharma aura paMcamahAvrata dharma kA hai| RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana, samavAyAMga aura paravartI niyukti, bhASya aura cUNi Adi meM pArzva ko cAturyAma dharma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai| jabaki mahAvIra ko paMcamahAvratoM kA pratipAdaka kahA hai-samavAyAMga meM pArzva ke nimna cAturyAmoM kA ullekha-sarvaprANAtipAta viramaNa, sarvamRSAvAdaviramaNa, sarvaadattAdAna viramaNa aura sarvabahirdhAdAna virmnn| sabhI TIkAkAroM ne bahirdhAdAna kA tAtparya parigraha ke tyAga se liyA hai| isa vivaraNa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki pAzvaM kI paraMparA meM brahmacarya kA svatanya sthAna nahIM thA, yadyapi

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[ 31 ] sabhI vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki parigraha ke tyAga meM hI brahmacarya nihita thA / kyoMki binA grahaNa kiye strI kA bhoga saMbhava nahIM thA / yadyapi isa kathana meM kucha satyatA hai, kyoMki prAcIna kAla meM strI ko sampatti mAnA jAtA thA aura sampatti ke tyAga meM strI kA tyAga bhI ho jAtA thA / ataH pArzva ne svatantra rUpa se brahmacaryavrata kI vyavasthA karanA Avazyaka nahIM samajhI, kintu sUtra - kRtAMga meM upalabdha sUcanA se jJAta hotA hai ki kucha pAzrvApatya parigraha ke antargata strI ke tyAga kA eka galata artha lagAne lage the / ve yaha mAnane lage the ki yadyapi strI ko rakhane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai kintu usake bhoga kA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / ataH kucha pArkhApatya zramaNa ( pAsatya) yahA~ taka mAnane lage the ki yadi koI strI svecchA se apanI kAmavAsanA kI pUrti ke liye zramaNa se nivedana karatI hai to usakI vAsanA pUrti kara dene meM ThIka usI prakAra koI doSa nahIM hai, jisa prakAra kisI ke pake hue phor3e ko cIrakara usakA mavAda nikAla dene meM koI doSa nahIM hai yadyapi yahAM 'pAsattha' kA artha pArzva ke anuyAyI na hokara pAza meM sthita arthAt zithilAcArI bhI ho sakatA hai / phira bhI mahAvIra ko brahmacarya kA svatantra rUpa meM 'vidhAna karane ke pIche aise hI kAraNa rahe hoMge / sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIra kI stuti ke prasaMga meM 'se vAriyA itthi sarAibhattaM' kA ullekha huA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki mahAvIra ne strI aura rAtri bhojana kA vAraNa kiyA arthAt tyAga kiyA / kintu isakA eka artha yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne strI aura rAtri bhojana se logoM ko virata kiyA, aura yadi hama isakA yaha artha lete haiM to aisA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se strI ke bhoga kA niSedha kiyA thA, jo pUrva paraMparA meM spaSTa rUpa se niSedhita nahIM thA / / rAtri bhojana kA niSedha - yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ne rAtri bhojana kAM pRthakUrUpa se niSedha kiyA / dazavaikAlika meM rAtri - bhojana ko bhI paMca mahAvratoM ke samAna hI mahatva dekara eka chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai / " pArzva kI paraMparA meM rAtri bhojana pracalita thA yA nahIM isa saMbaMdha meM hameM koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai / ata: mAtra hama yahI kaha sakate haiM ki mahAvIra ne rAtri - 3

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[ 32 ] bhojana kA bhI spaSTa rUpa se niSedha kiyA, ho sakatA hai ki pArzva kI paraMparA meM isa sambandha meM spaSTa niSedha nahIM rahA ho| sapratikramaNa dharma- mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paraMparA kA mukhya antara jo ki prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha hai, vaha yaha hai ki pAva kI paraMparA meM prAtaH kAla aura sAyaM kAla pratikramaNa karanA anivArya nahIM thA / mahAvIra ne apane saMgha meM yaha vyavasthA kI thI. ki pratyeka sAdhu ko, cAhe usane kisI doSa kA sevana kiyA ho yA na kiyA ho, pratidina prAtaHkAla aura sAyaMkAla pratikramaNa karanA hI caahiye| jabaki pArzva kI paraMparA ke saMbaMdha meM hameM kevala itanI hI jAnakArI milatI hai ki pAzrvApatya zramaNa yadi kisI doSa kA sevana hotA thA tabhI pratikramaNa yA prAyacitta karate the| isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki yadyapi doSoM ke sevana se hone vAle pApa ke prAyazcitta ke liye pratikramaNa karanA to donoM ko hI mAnya thA kintu mahAbIra sAdhaka ko adhika sajaga rahane ke lie isa bAta para adhika bala dete the pratyeka sAdhaka ko prAtaHkAla aura sAyaMkAla apane dina yA rAtri ke kriyAkalApoM para cintana kare aura yaha dekheM ki usake dvArA kisI doSa kA sevana huA hai yA nhiiN| ataH pratikramaNa kI anivAryatA pArzva kI paraMparA meM mahAvIra kA eka saMzodhana thaa| sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatI meM mahAvIra ke dharma ko sapratikramaNa dharma kahA gayA hai| sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya caritra kA prazna-pAva aura mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara yaha bhI thA ki mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM sAmAyika cAritra ke pazcAt sAdhaka ko yogya pAye jAne para hI chedopasthApanIyacAritra diyA jAtA thaa| 7 sAmAyika cAritra meM sAdhaka samabhAva kI sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha sAvadya yoga arthAt pApakArI pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karatA thaa| jabaki chedopasthApanIya cAritra meM vaha mahAvratoM ko grahaNa karatA thA aura saMgha meM usakI varIyatA nizcita kara dI jAtI thI, kintu yadi vaha apane vrata ko bhaMga karatA yA kisI doSa kA koI sevana karatA to usakI isa varIyatA ko kama (cheda) bhI kiyA jA sakatA thaa| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ne

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[ 33 ] apanI vrata vyavasthA meM brahmacarya kI anivAryatA para aura sampUrNa parigraha ke tyAga ke rUpa meM vastra tyAga para bhI jo bala diyA thA usake kAraNa yaha Avazyaka ho gayA thA ki sAdhaka kI yogyatAoM ko parakhane ke pazcAt hI use sthAyI rUpa se saMgha meM sthAna diyA jaaye| kyoMki nagna rahakara brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM paripakvatA Aye binA saMbhava nahIM thaa| ataH sAdhanA ke kSetra meM do prakAra ke zramaNoM kI vyavasthA kI gayI thI eka sAmAyika cAritra se yukta aura dUsare upasthApanIya cAritra se yukta / mahAvIra kI samakAlIna bauddha paraMparA meM bhI pravrajyA aura upasampadA ko alaga-alaga kiyA gayA thaa| prathamataH sAdhaka ko kucha samaya parIkSaNa ke taura para saMgha meM rakhA jAtA thA, phira use yogya siddha hone para antima rUpa se dIkSita kiyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra mahAvIra ne chedopasthApanIya cAritra kI vyavasthA karake pArzva kI paraMparA meM eka saMzodhana kara diyA thaa| anya antara pAva aura mahAvIra kI paraMparAoM ke anya pramukha antaroM meM auddezika, rAjapiNDa, mAsakalpa aura paryuSaNa saMbaMdhI antara bhI mAne gaye haiM / jaina paraMparA meM jina 10 kalpoM kI avadhAraNA hai una kalpoM meM nimna 6 kalA anavasthita mAne gaye haiN| anavasthita kA tAtparya yaha hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI AcAra vyavasthA meM unheM sthAna nahIM diyA jAtA hai| ye anavasthita kalpa nimna haiM--(1) acelatA, (2) pratikramaNa, (3) auddezika, (4) rAjapiNDa, (5) mAsakalpa aura (6) paryuSaNa 198 . inameM se acelatA aura pratikramaNa kI carcA pUrva meM kara cuke haiM / avaziSTa auddezika, rAjapiNDa, mAsakalpa aura paryuSaNa kI carcA Age kreNge| auddezika-pArzva kI paraMparA meM zramaNa ke lie banAye gaye AhAra kA grahaNa karanA vajita nahIM thA, jabaki mahAvIra ne zramaNoM ke lie banAye gaye AhAra ko grahaNa karanA niSiddha tthhraayaa| isa prakAra auddezika arthAt zramaNa ke nimitta bane bhojana ko grahaNa kiyA jAye yA na kiyA jAye isa saMbaMdha meM pArva aura mahAvIra kI paraMparAyeM bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa rakhatI thii|

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[ 34 ] rAjapiNDa-pArzva kI paraMparA ke zramaNa rAjA ke yahAM kA athavA sajA ke lie banA huA bhojana grahaNa kara lete the, jabaki mahAvIra ne apane zramaNoM ke lie rAjapiNDa kA grahaNa karanA niSiddha kara diyaa| mAsakalpa-pArzva kI paraMparA ke zramaNoM ke lie yaha niyama nahIM thA ki ve cAturmAsa ke atirikta kisI eka sthAna para eka mAsa se adhika na ThahareM arthAt ve apanI icchA ke anurUpa kisI sthAna para eka mAsa se adhika Thahara sakate the, jabaki mahAvIra ne apane zramaNoM ke lie cAturmAsa ke pazcAt kisI sthAna para eka mAsa se adhika ThaharanA niSiddha kara diyA thaa| paryuSaNa-paryuSaNa kA artha varSAkAla meM eka sthAna para rahanA hai| pArva kI paraMparA meM zramaNoM ke lie varSAkAla meM eka sthAna para rahanA bhI Avazyaka nahIM thA / ve isa bAta ke lie bAdhya nahIM the ki varSAkAla meM cAra mAsa taka eka hI sthAna para raheM / jabaki mahAvIra ne apane zramaNoM ko ASAr3ha pUrNimA se kArtika pUrNimA taka eka hI sthAna para rahane ke spaSTa nirdeza diye the| pArzva aura mahAvIra kI paramparA ke uparyukta sAmAnya antaroM ke atirikta muniyoM ke AcAra sambandhI niyamoM ko lekara hI aura bhI aneka antara dekhe jAte haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra kAlasyavaizikaputra nAmaka pAzrvApatya anagAra ne mahAvIra ke saMgha meM praviSTa ho nimna vizeSa sAdhanA kI thii| unhoMne paMca mahAvrata aura sapratikramaNa dharma ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha nagnatA, muNDitatA, asnAna, adantadhAvana, chatrarahita honA, upAnaha (jUte) rahita honA, bhUmizayana, phalakazayana, kASThazayana, kezaloca, brahmacarya paragRhapraveza arthAt bhikSArtha logoM ke gharoM meM jAnA, ko bhI svIkAra kiyA thaa| sAtha hI labdha-alabdha, U~ca-nIca, grAma kaNTaka evaM bAisa parISahoM ko bhI sahana kiyA thA. tae NaM se kAlAsavesiyaputte aNagAre there bhagavaMte vaMdai namasai, vaMdittA namaMsittA cAujjAmAo dhammAo paMcamahavvaiyaM sapaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpajjitA NaM viharati / ____ tae NaM se kAlAsavesiyaputte aNagAre bahUNi vAsANi sAmaNNapariyAgaM pAuNai, pAuNittA jassaTThAe kIrai naggabhAve muDabhAve aNhANayaM adaMtavaNayaM acchattayaM aNovAhaNayaM bhUmisejjA phalasejjA

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[ 35 ] kaTTasejjA kesaloo vaMbhaceravAso paragharappaveso laddhAvaladdhI uccAvayA gAmakaMTagA bAvIsaM parisahovasaggA ahiyAsijjati / ( bhagavatI 1 / 9 / 432-33) uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki pArzva kI paramparA ke bhikSuoM meM vastra pahanane ke sAtha-sAtha snAna karanA, dantadhAvana karanA, chAtA rakhanA, jUtA pahananA aura komala zayyA para zayana karanA Adi pracalita thA, kyoMki kAlasyavezikaputra ko mahAvIra kI paramparA meM dIkSita hone para ina sabakA tyAga karanA par3A thaa| isI prakAra kezaloca, aura brahmacarya bhI mahAvIra ke paramparA kI viziSTatA thI, kyoMki kAlasyavezikaputra ne kezaloca aura brahmacarya ko bhI svIkAra kiyA thaa| sambhAvanA yaha lagatI hai ki pArzva kI paramparA ke muni anya paramparAoM ke zramaNoM kI taraha zira muNDana karavAte hoNge| merI dRSTi meM kezaloca AjIvakoM aura mahAvIra kI paramparA kI hI viziSTatA thI / brahmacarya ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kI paramparA meM jo viziSTatA thI, usakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara hI cuke haiN| isI prasaMga meM para-gRha praveza, prApti-aprApti, U~ca-nIca aura grAmakaNTaka kI bhI carcA hai, hameM inake artha samajhane hoNge| paragRha praveza kI sAdhanA kA tAtparya merI dRSTi meM bhikSA ke liye gRhasthoM ke gharoM para jAnA hai| jaisI ki hamane pUrva meM carcA kI hai, pArzva kI paramparA meM nimaMtrita bhojana svIkAra karate the, ataH unheM bhikSArtha gharapara bhaTakanA nahIM par3atA thA,na unheM bhikSA ke prApti-aprApti kI koI cintA hotI thI, kyoMki jaba nimaMtrita bhojana grahaNa karanA hai to alAbha kA koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| isI prakAra uccAvayA kA artha U~ca-nIca honA cAhie / vastutaH jaba nimaMtrita bhikSA svIkAra kI jAyegI to sAmAnyatayA jo sampanna parivAra haiM unhIM ke yahA~ kA nimaMtraNa milegA isaliye nimaMtrita bhojana svIkAra karane vAlI paramparA ko dhanI-nirdhana athavA U~ca-nIca kuloM meM bhikSA ke liye jAnA nahIM hotaa| mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM cUMki addezika bhikSA kA niyama thA, ataH unake zramaNoM ko sabhI prakAra ke kuloM arthAt banI-nirdhana yA ucca-nimna kuloM se bhikSA lenI hotI thii| prAmakaNTaka kA artha TIkAkAroM ne kaThora zabda sahana karanA, aisA

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[ 36 ] kiyA hai / bhikSopajIvI bhikSu ke liye bhikSA mA~gate samaya aneka bAra kaThora vacana sunane ko mila sakate the / Agama - sAhitya meM grAma dharma zabda maithuna ke artha meM bhI AyA hai / cUMki mahAvIra kI paramparA meM bhikSu ko nagna rahanA hotA thA, isaliye use apanI kAmavAsanA sambandhI icchAoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanA hotA thA / sAtha hI unake nagna rUpa-saundarya se AkarSita hokara striyAM unase viSaya sevana kI prArthanA karatI rahI hoMgI ataH unheM apanI brahmacarya sAdhanA ke liye ina sArI sthitiyoM ko sahana karanA hotA thA / AcArAGga ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki isa prakAra kI ghaTanAeM svayaM mahAvIra ke sAtha bhI ghaTita huI thI / ina carcAoM ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki nagnatA, asnAna, adanta dhAvana, chAtA nahIM rakhanA, jUte nahIM pahananA, bhUmi para zayana karanA, kezaloca, nimantrita bhojana svIkAra nahI karake bhikSAvRtti karanA aura brahmacarya kI kaThora sAdhanA karanA aisI vizeSatAyeM thI jo mahAvIra kI paramparA meM pracalita thI, jabaki pArzva kI paramparA ke bhikSuoM meM ina sabakA spaSTa niSedha nahIM thA / chedasUtroM meM muni AcAra meM chAtA, jUte, kSura-muNDana kA jo ullekha hai vaha isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai ki pArzvapatyoM meM ye saba bAteM pracalita thI / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pArzva aura mahAvIra kI paraMparA AcAra vyavasthAoM ko lekara aneka bAtoM meM bhinna thIM / dUsare zabdoM meM hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki mahAvIra ne pArzva kI AcAra vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM aneka saMzodhana kara diye the / pAzrvApatya aura pArzvastha pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke sambandha meM prAcIna aura prAmANika jAnakArI hameM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke atirikta anya kinhIM srotoM se prApta nahIM hotI hai / pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM saccaka, vappa Adi kucha vyaktiyoM kA paricaya upalabdha hotA hai kintu vahA~ unheM pArzva ke upAsaka ke rUpa meM citrita nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu nirgranthoM ke anuyAyI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| pArzvApatyIya

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[ 37 ] zramaNa bhI nirgrantha kahalAte the, mAtra isI AdhAra para hama unheM pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA mAna sakate haiN| pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie Agama sAhitya meM hameM 'pAsAvaccijja' (pAzrvApatyIya) aura pAsattha (pArzvastha) ina do zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai / yadyapi donoM hI zabdoM kA artha 'pArzva ke anuyAyI ho sakatA hai, kintu hama yaha dekhate haiM ki jahA~ pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM ko sammAnajanaka rUpa meM prastuta karane kA prazna AyA, vahA~ 'pAsAvaccijja' zabda kA prayoga huA aura jahA~ unheM hIna rUpa meM prastuta karane kA prasaGga AyA hai vahAM unake liye 'pAsattha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai100 'pAsattha' zabda kA saMskRta rUpa pArzvastha hotA hai jisakA sAmAnya artha 'pAna ke saMgha meM sthita' aisA hama kara sakate haiM kintu jaina paraMparA meM Agamika kAla se hI pArzvastha (pAsattha) zabda zithilAcArI sAdhuoM ke artha meM prayukta hotA rahA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM 'pAsattha' zabda zithilAcArI ke artha meM prayukta huA hai / 101 Aja jaina zramaNa ke liye sabase apamAnajanaka zabda yadi koI hai to vaha use 'pAsatthA' kahanA hai| vyAkaraNazAstra kI dRSTi se prAkRta pAsattha kA saMskRta rUpa 'pAzastha' arthAt pAza meM baMdhA huA mAnakara hama usakA artha zithilAcArI yA durAcArI bhI kara sakate haiM / 100 kintu usakA saMskRta rUpa 'pArzvastha' mAnane para usakA spaSTa artha durAcArI ya zithilAcArI zramaNa aisA nahIM hotA hai| pArzvastha zabda kA tAtparya mAtra pArba yA bagala meM sthita hotA hai / 103 yadyapi 'pArzva meM sthita' hone kA artha kucha haTakara bhI ho sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para sAmAnyatayA pAzrvastha kA artha suvidhAvAdI yA zithilAcArI kiyA jAne lagA hogaa| upalabdha Agamika AdhAroM se yaha eka sunizcita satya pratIta hotA hai ki pArzva kI paraMparA ke zramaNa mahAvIra ke yuga meM apane AcAra niyamoM meM paryApta rUpa se suvidhAbhogI the| ataH kaThora AcAra mArga kA pAlana karane vAle mahAvIra ke zramaNoM ko ve zithilAcArI lagate hoMge aura isIliye pAvastha zabda apane mUla artha ko chor3akara zithilAcArI zramaNa ke lie prayukta hone lgaa| cAritrasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo muni vastikAoM meM rahate haiM, upakaraNoM ko grahaNa karate haiM aura muniyoM ke samIpa rahate haiM unheM

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[ 38 ] pArzvastha kahate haiM / 104 isa vyAkhyA se yaha to spaSTa hotA hai ki jo zramaNoM ke nikaTa rahate haiM ve pArzvastha haiN| sAtha hI yaha bhI ki pArzvasthoM kA AcAra anya zramaNoM kI apekSA nimna hotA thA / bhagavatIArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM pArvastha ko zithilAcArI muni ke rUpa meM hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha muni jaba indriyarUpI coroM se aura kaSAyarUpI hiMsakoM se tathA AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta karane vAloM se pakar3e jAte haiM to ve sAdhu kA pada tyAgakara pArzvasthoM ke pAsa cale jAte haiN| bhagavatIArAdhanA aura usakI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki 'aticAra rahita saMyama kA svarUpa jAnakara bhI jo usameM pravRtti nahIM karatA hai' kintu saMyama mArga ke samIpa hI rahatA hai yadyapi vaha ekAMta se asaMyamI nahIM hai parantu niraticAra saMyama kA pAlana bhI nahIM karatA hai isalie use pAvastha kahate haiM ? punaH jo utpAdana aura eSaNA doSa sahita AhAra kA grahaNa karate haiM, eka hI vastikA meM rahate haiM, eka hI saMstara meM sote. haiM, eka hI kSetra meM nivAsa karate haiM, gRhasthoM ke ghara apanI baiThaka lagAte haiM, sUI-kaiMcI Adi vastuoM ko grahaNa karate haiM tathA sInA, dhonA, raMganA Adi kAryoM meM tatpara rahate haiM aise muniyoM ko pArzvastha kahate haiN| punaH jo apane pAsa kSAra-cUrNa, sohAga-cUrNa, namaka, ghI vagairaha padArtha kAraNa na hone para bhI rakhate haiM unheM pArzvastha kahA jAtA hai / 105 bhagavatIArAdhanA TIkA kI yaha vyAkhyA isa bAta ko . hI spaSTa karatI hai muni AcAra niyamoM meM hI jo zithila hote haiM ve pArzvastha kahe jAte haiM / yaha spaSTa hai ki pArzva kI paraMparA ke muni yaha saba kArya karate the aura mahAvIra ke anuyAyI ina kAryoM ko zramaNaAcAra ke anurUpa nahIM mAnate the| isI kAraNa Age cala kara zithilAcArI muniyoM ke artha meM hI pArzvastha zabda kA prayoga hone lgaa| . kintu hameM yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM jahA~ spaSTa rUpa se pArzva kI paraMparA ke zramaNoM kA nirdeza hai vahA~ unheM 'pAsattha (pAvastha) nahIM kaha kara pAsAvaccijja (pArkhApatyIya) hI kahA gayA hai| jabaki jahA~ zithilAcArI zramaNoM kA ullekha hai vahAM sadaiva pAsattha zabda kA prayoga hai| yadyapi pulAka,

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[ 39 ] bakuza, kuzIla Adi pAMca prakAra ke nirgranthoM kI carcA meM pArzvastha kA ullekha nahIM hai,106 kintu sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI evaM jJAtAdharmakathA meM pArzvastha, kuzIla aura svacchanda ko paryAyavAcI batAyA gayA hai| 107 ataH svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha vicAra upasthita hotA hai ki hama pArzvastha aura pApitya ke bIca jo sambandha jor3a rahe haiM vaha mAtra kAlpanika nahIM hai| jaba taka isa bAta kA koI Thosa pramANa prApta na ho ki pArzvastha aura pApitya eka hI the, taba taka donoM ko eka mAnane kA atyadhika Agraha to nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI pApityoM ke AcAra sambandhI zithila niyama hameM donoM ko eka mAnane ke lie vivaza karate haiN| pApityoM aura pAzrvasthoM ko eka dUsare se sambandhita mAnane kA hamAre pAsa eka hI AdhAra hai vaha yaha ki jJAtAdharmakathA ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM kAlI Adi ko eka ora pArva kI ziSyAyeM kahA gayA hai vahIM dUsarI ora unake zithilAcArI (pAsattha) hone kA bhI ullekha hai| 108 pAzrvApatya zramaNa-zramaNiyAM aura gRhastha upAsaka-upAsikAeM zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM hameM pArzva aura unake anuyAyiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiM; jo adhikAMza aitihAsika haiM / jJAtAsUtra meM AmalakappA, zrAvastI, hastinApura, kAmpilya, vArANasI, campA, nAgapura, sAketa, arakkhurI, mathurA Adi nagaroM kI aneka striyoM ko pArzva dvArA dIkSita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| yadyapi ye kathA-prasaMga kalpanAtmaka hone se aitihAsika dRSTi se prAmANika nahIM haiM, kyoMki inameM pArzva ke dvArA dIkSita ina sabhI striyoM kA svarga kI vibhinna deviyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hokara vahA~ se mahAvIra ke vandanArtha Ane ke ullekha haiM tathA isI sandarbha meM unake pUrva-jIvana kI carcA kI gayI hai| isake viparIta AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, rAjapraznIya, uttarAdhyayana Adi meM pApityoM ke saMbaMdha meM jo tathyaparaka sUcanAeM prApta hotI haiM unakI aitihAsikatA prAmANika lagatI hai / AcArAMga meM mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA ko pArzva kI paraMparA kA anuyAyI kahA gayA hai| 10 sUtrakRtAMga meM udakapeDhAla nAmaka pApitya zramaNa kA ullekha hai| 110 udakapeDhAla saMbaMdhI viva

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[ 40 ] raNa hameM aitihAsika dRSTi se prAmANika hI lagatA hai| udakapeDhAla kA gautama se trasa zabda ke artha aura hiMsA ke pratyAkhyAna ke svarUpa ke.saMbaMdha meM gambhIra carcA karate haiN| isase eka ora pAzvapityoM kI saiddhAntika avadhAraNAoM kA patA calatA hai to dUsarI ora yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki pAzrvApatyoM aura mahAvIra ke zramaNoM ke bIca aneka dArzanika praznoM ko lekara gambhIra carcAyeM hotI thiiN| vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM gAMgeya anagAra aura mahAvIra ke bIca jIvoM kI manuSya, tiryaJca, nAraka aura devagatiyoM para tathA loka kI zAzvatA para carcA hotI hai / 1 bhagavatIsUtra meM hI kAlasyanaizikaputra kI mahAvIra ke sthavira zramaNoM se carcA kA bhI ullekha hai / 13 unakI carcA kA mukhya viSaya sAmAyika, pratyAkhyAna, saMyama, saMvara, viveka aura vyutsarga kA svarUpa hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM vANijyagrAma meM kucha pApitya zramaNoM kI bhagavAn mahAvIra se carcA kA bhI ullekha hai| ye pApitya zramaNa mahAvIra se loka ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM carcA karate haiM, aura mahAvIra pArzva kI mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para hI unheM loka kA svarUpa spaSTa karate haiM / mahAvIra ke uttaroM se santuSTa hokara ve mahAvIra kA paJcamahAvratAtmaka sapratikramaNa dharma svIkAra karate haiN| isI prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM hI jaba mahAvIra apanA teIsavA~ varSAvAsa, zrAvastI nagara meM saMpUrNa kara rAjagRhI Aye the, usI samaya rAjagRha ke nikaTa tuMgiyA nagarI meM pApitya sthavira pA~ca sau anagAroM ke sAtha nivAsa kara rahe the / 4 tugiyA ke zramaNopAsaka ina sthaviroM ko vandana karane ke lie jAte haiM aura unase saMyama aura tapa ke phala ke saMbaMdha meM carcA karate haiM / pApitya zramaNoM ne inakA jo pratyuttara diyA thA, gautama mahAvIra se usakI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM jAnanA cAhate haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM mahAvIra kahate haiM ki pApitya sthaviroM ne jo uttara diyA hai vaha yathArtha aura pUrNa satya hai / isa carcA prasaMga se hameM do bAtoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai| prathama to yaha ki mahAvIra ke gRhastha upAsaka pApitya paraMparA ke zramaNoM ke yahA~ jAte the aura tattvajijJAsA ko lekara unase praznottara bhI karate tho| dUsare yaha ki mahAvIra aneka saMdarbho meM pArzvanAtha kI tAttvika aura dArzanika mAnyatAoM ko yathArtha mAnakara svIkAra karate the|

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[ 41 ] rAjapraznIya meM zvetAmbikA ke rAjA pradezI ko pApityIya zramaNa kezikumAra ke dvArA upadeza diye jAne kA bhI ullekha hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI pApityIya zramaNa kezI aura mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya gautama ke bIca hue saMvAda kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / rAjapraznIya aura uttarAdhyayana ke ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki kezI pApitya paraMparA ke eka aitihAsika vyakti haiM / kathAoM meM kezI ko pArzva kI paraMparA kA caturtha paTTadhara kahA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA meM prathama paTTadhara zubhadatta the| unake pazcAt AcArya haridatta hue| tIsare paTTadhara Arya samudra aura cauthe paTTadhara Arya kezI / hae / yadyapi isa meM Arya samudra aura haridatta aise nAma haiM jinakI aitihAsikatA vivAdAspada ho sakatI hai kintu kezI kI aitihAsikatA ke sandarbha meM sandeha karane kA hameM koI kAraNa nahIM lagatA hai| kezI kI jJAna sAmarthya aura buddhi gAmbhIrya kA patA rAjapraznIya meM rAjA pradezI se tathA uttarAdhyayana meM gautama se huI vicAra-carcA se laga jAtA hai| aitihAsika daSTi se tripiTaka sAhitya kA payAsI sutta aura rAjapraznIya ke paesI saMbaMdhI vivaraNa mahatvapUrNa rUpa se tulanIya haiM aura ve usa ghaTanA kI aitihAsikatA ko bhI pramANita karate haiM / yaha payAsI yA paesI prasenajit hI honA cAhie, jo aitihAsika vyakti haiN| yaha alaga bAta hai ki bauddhoM ne ise apane DhaMga se mor3a liyA hai jabaki rAjapraznIya meM ise yathAvat rakhA gayA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki usa kAla meM yaha kathAprasaMga bahuta cacita rahA hogA jise donoM paraMparAoM ne grahaNa kara liyA thaa| bauddha paraMparA anAtmavAdI thI, isa kAraNa AtmA kI nityatA ko siddha karanA unake lie itanA adhika mahatvapUrNa nahIM thaa| yadyapi unhoMne apane punarjanma kI siddhAnta kI puSTi ke liye apane DhaMga se ise mor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jabaki jainoM ne ise AtmavAda meM vizvAsa rakhane ke kAraNa yathAvat rakhA hai isase itanA nizcita hotA hai ki pAvApatyoM kI eka suvyavasthita paraMparA mahAvIra aura buddha ke kAla taka calI A rahI thii| ina ullekhoM ke atirikta AvazyakacUNi meM bhI pApitya

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[ 42 ] zramaNoM ke ullekha hameM milate haiM / AvazyakacUNi kI sUcanA ke anusAra gozAlaka kA kUpanakha nAmaka eka kumbhakAra kI zAlA meM pApitya zramaNa municandra se milane kA ullekha hai| gozAlaka unakI AlocanA bhI karatA hai| isI prakAra AvazyakacUrNi meM hI pApitya zramaNa nandisena kA ullekha milatA hai|130 aise bhI pApitya zramaNoM ke ullekha haiM jo zramaNAcAra se zithila hokara nimitta zAstra Adi ke dvArA apanI AjIvikA calAte the| aise nimittavettA pArvApatyoM meM utpala kA ullekha Avazyaka niyukti evaM AvazyakacUrNi meM hameM milatA hai| AvazyakacUrNi ke ullekha ke anusAra zoNa kalinda, karNikAra, achidra, agnivaizampAyana aura arjuna ye chaha nimittavettA pAzrvApatya paraMparA ke hI the| arjuna kA ullekha hameM bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI milatA hai, bhagavatIsUtra meM arjunagotamIyaputra ko tIrthaGkara pArzva kA anuyAyI batAyA hai, jo Age calakara gozAlaka kA anuyAyI ho jAtA hai|193 gozAlaka dvArA arjuna kA zarIra grahaNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai|124 isase aisA phalita hotA hai ki arjuna pahale pArzva kI paramparA kA anuyAyI thA bAda meM AjIvaka paramparA kA anuyAyI bnaa| Avazyakaniyukti meM somA, jayantI, vijayA aura pragalbhA nAmaka aisI cAra pApityIya parivrAjikAoM ke bhI ullekha milate haiN|12| inhoMne mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ko vahA~ ke rAjakIya adhikAriyoM ke dvArA guptacara samajhakara pakar3e jAne para chur3avAyA thaa| - isa prakAra hameM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM aneka pApitya zramaNa-zramaNiyoM aura zramaNopAsakoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| jisase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki pAzrvApatya zramaNa aura mahAvIra ke zramaNa eka dUsare se milate the, tattva-carcAyeM karate the| yadyapi aneka praznoM para ve paraspara sahamati rakhate the kintu kucha praznoM para unakA matavaibhinya bhI thaa| phira bhI kaThinAiyoM meM ve eka dUsare ko sahayoga dete the| mahAvIra aura pAvaM kI paramparA ke pArasparika sambandha sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatI meM upalabdha sandarbho se hameM isa bAta ke spaSTa saGkata milate haiM ki prArambha meM pApityoM aura mahAvIra ke

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[ 43 ] zramaNoM meM virodha thaa| eka ora mahAvIra ke anuyAyI pApityoM ko zithilAcArI mAnakara AlocanA karate the to dUsarI ora pArzva ke anuyAyI mahAvIra ke tIrthaMkara enaM sarvajJa hone meM sandeha karate the| yahA~ taka ki ve mahAvIra aura unake zramaNoM ke prati vandana vyavahAra jaise sAmAnya ziSTAcAra ke niyamoM kA pAlana bhI nahIM karate the| bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra kAlasyavezIya, gAMgeya Adi pAzrvApatya mahAvIra ke pAsa jAte haiM kintu binA vandana vyavahAra kiye hI sIdhe unase prazna karate haiM;12 jaba unheM isa bAta kA vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra pArva kI kucha mAnyatAoM ko svIkAra karate haiM aura unheM apane pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara yA jina ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM to ve paMcayAma evaM sapratikramaNa dharma svIkAra karake unheM vandana namaskAra karate haiM aura unake saMgha meM sammilita ho jAte haiN| isa bAta ke bhI spaSTa saMketa haiM ki pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM meM jahAM kucha mahAvIra se milane ke pazcAt unake saMgha meM sammilita ho jAte haiM, vahAM kucha mahAvIra se milane ke bAda bhI apanI paraMparA kA tyAga nahIM krte| uttarAdhyayana aura rAjapraznIya meM pApityIya zramaNa kezI kA ullekha hameM jahAM eka ora isa bAta kA saGkata detA hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya meM pApityIya zramaNa loka pratiSThita the vahIM dUsarI ora yaha bhI saMketa milatA hai ki pArzva kI paramparA ke aneka gRhastha aura zramaNa mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM sammilita ho rahe the aura donoM paraMparAoM ke bIca eka samanvaya kA setu bhI banAyA jA rahA thaa| uttarAdhyayana kA kezIgautamIya nAmaka teIsavAM adhyayana isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki kisa prakAra pArzva aura mahAvIra ke anuyAyI paraspara milakara ApasI vivAdoM kA samanvaya evaM samAdhAna karate the| AvazyakacUNi meM ullekhita ghaTanAeM yadyapi anuzrutiH pradhAna haiM, phira bhI ve isa tathya kI avazya sUcaka haiM ki pApitya zramaNa aura gRhastha upAsaka mahAvIra aura unake zramaNoM kI Apatti kAla meM sahAyatA karate the aura donoM paraMparAoM meM saMbandha madhura the| pArzva kI paraMparA vartamAna kAla meM sabhI zramaNa-zramaNiyA~ tathA gRhastha upAsaka yA upAsikAyeM apane ko tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI paraMparA se saMbaddha mAnate haiM /

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[ 44 ] * upakezagaccha ke apavAda ko chor3akara Aja pArna kI paraMparA ke na to zramaNa aura zramaNiyA~ haiM aura na upAsaka tathA upAsikAyeM / yaha nirvivAda satya hai mahAvIra ke pazcAt bhI pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA svatantra rUpa se kucha samaya taka astitva rahA ho, kintu hameM aisA koI sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya AdhAra prApta nahIM hotA hai, jise pArza kI paramparA ko mahAvIra ke pazcAt bhI svatantra rUpa se jIvita rahane ke pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sake / yadyapi anuzruti ke rUpa meM upakeza gaccha ko pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se sambaddha mAnA jAtA hai / ve apanI paTTAvalI meM bhI apane ko sIdhe pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se jor3ate haiM / 1 28 kintu anuzruti ke atirikta isa tathya kA koI pramANa nahIM hai / unake AcAra-vyavahAra meM bhI aisA koI tathya nahIM hai, jo ki mahAvIra kI paramparA se pRthak unakI pahacAna - banAtA ho / pArzva kI svatantra paraMparA ke vilupta hone kI do hI sthitiyAM ho sakatI haiM yA to pArzva ke sabhI zramaNa zramaNiyA~ aura upAsaka sAmUhika rUpa se mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM sammilita ho gaye ho yA jina kucha logoM apane svatantra astitva ko banAye rakhane kA prayatna kiyA ho ve itane samarthaM na rahe hoM ki apanI paraMparA ko jIvita banAye rakha sakeM / phalataH dhIre-dhIre unakI paramparA samApta ho gayI / ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM jina pAzrvApatyoM ke ullekha hameM milate haiM unameM se adhikAMza ke sambandha meM yahI ullekha hai ki unhoMne pArzva kI paramparA ko tyAga kara mahAvIra kI paramparA ko svIkAra kara liyA / yadyapi kucha aise bhI udAharaNa haiM jinameM * paramparA parivartana ke saMketa nahIM milte| phira bhI aisA lagatA hai ki pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM kA bahusaMkhyaka varga mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke dvArA pArzva ko apanA pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI unakI paraMparA meM A gayA hogA / jaina dharma meM zvetAmbara paraMparA kA jo vikAsa huA hai hamArI dRSTi meM usake pIche mUlataH pAzrvApatyoM - kA hI adhika prabhAva rahA ho / zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM cheda- sUtroM meM jo zramaNoM ke AcAra saMbaMdhI niyama haiM unako dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki pAzapitya paraMparA ke zramaNoM ko apane sAtha banAye

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[ 45 ] rakhane ke lie hI isa prakAra mahAvIra kI kaThora AcAra paraMparA kauM samApta kara diyA gayA thA / chedasUtroM meM zramaNoM ke AcAra saMbaMdhI niyamoM meM kSura muNDana, chatradhAraNa, pAtra, upAnaha, camar3e kI thailiyA Adi rakhane ke jo vidhAna pAye jAte haiM ve nizcita rUpa se pArzva kI paraMparA se hI sambandhita haiM / " kyoMki mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM yaha saba pracalita nahIM thA / Aja bhI zvetAmbara jaina zramaNa zramaNiyAM ina saba kA upayoga nahIM karate haiM / yaha eka sAmayika vyavasthA hI rahIM hogI jabaki pArzvApatya paramparA ke adhikAMza zramaNa mahAvIra kI paraMparA ke sAtha jur3e hoMge / mAtra yahI nahIM haramana jaikobI ne isa bAta kI bhI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki jainoM meM jo zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM kA matabheda hai, vaha mUlataH pAzrvApatyoM aura mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kA matabheda hai / unake apane hI zabdoM meM " yadyapi kezI aura gautama ke samvAda meM donoM paramparAoM ke mUla matabheda vratoM kI saMkhyA aura vastra ke upayoga - anupayoga para uThAyA gayA thA, kintu binA kisI gambhIra vivAda ke mUlabhUta naitika AdarzoM kI ekarUpatA dvArA ise sulajhA liyA gayA thA / yadyapi donoM hI paramparAoM ke apane Agraha the / kintu donoM meM koI virodha nahIM thA / mAtra yahI nahIM pArzva kI paramparA ke anuyAyI mahAvIra kI vyavasthA ko svIkAra karate the / yadyapi yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki unhoMne paJca mahA-vratoM aura sapratikramaNa dharma ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sAtha kucha apanI prAcIna paramparAoM ko yathAvat banAye rakhA thA, vizeSa rUpa se vastra ke upayoga kI paramparA kA; jisakA ki mahAvIra ne pUrNa niSedha kara diyA thA / isa svIkRti ke sAtha hama zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM ke vibhAjana kA bhI eka AdhAra dekha sakate haiM / yadyapi donoM hI sampradAya dUsare kI utpatti ke bAre meM paraspara virodhI kathAoM kA ullekha karate haiM kintu yaha eka Akasmika ghaTanA nahIM hai / pArzva aura mahAvIra kI saMgha vyavasthA kA mUla vivAda hI isa vibhAjana ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai / 180 haramana jaikobI ke uparyukta kathana meM bahuta kucha. satyatA hai / yadi mahAvIra ke yuga meM sacelaka aura acelaka paramparA kA samanvaya sambhava thA to Aja bhI isa viSaya para bahuta kucha socA aura kiyA jA sakatA hai / zarta yahI hai ki hamArI bhAvanAe~ udAra hoM aura T

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[ 46 ] satya ko Agraha kA cazmA utAra kara dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA jAye / pArzvanAtha aura bauddha paramparA devasena nAmaka digambara jaina AcArya ne 9 vIM zatAbdI meM likhe apane grantha darzanasAra meM yaha kalpanA kI hai ki buddha pArzvanAtha kI nirgrantha paraMparA ke pihitAsrava nAmaka AcArya ke pAsa dIkSita hue the| sambhavataH devasena kI isa kalpanA kA AdhAra yaha ho ki bauddha grantha majjhimanikAya ke mahAsiMhanAdasutta meM buddha ke sAdhanA kAla kA jo varNana hai; usameM buddha yaha kahate haiM ki maiM nagna rahatA thA, keza locana karatA thA, hathelI para bhikSA lekara khAtA thA, nimantraNa ko svIkAra nahIM karatA thA, kabhI eka dina choDakara to kabhI do dina to kabhI saptAha aura pakhavAr3e meM eka dina bhojana karatA thA, aneka varSoM kI dhUla se mere zarIra para maila kI parateM jama gaI thii| "maiM bar3I sAvadhAnI se AtA-jAtA thA, pAnI kI bUMdoM ke prati bhI merI tIvra dayA rahatI thii|181 buddha kA yaha AcAra nizcita rUpa se nimrantha paramparA ke AcAra ke sAtha mela khAtA hai| yaha bAta bhI satya hai ki buddha ne buddhatva prApta karane ke pUrva usa yuga ke aneka lokamAnya evaM pratiSThita sAdhakoM ke pAsa jAkara unakI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ko sIkhA thaa| yaha alaga bAta hai ki ve unameM se kisI bhI sAdhanA paddhati se pUrNatayA santuSTa na ho sake the aura apane navIna mArga kI talAza meM nikala pdd'e| cU~ki usa yuga meM pArzvanAtha kI paramparA bhI eka loka-vizruta paramparA thI aura saMbhava hai ki unhoMne usa paramparA ke kisI AcArya se bhI samparka sthApita kiyA ho aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa kiyA ho| kintu jisa prakAra buddha ke AlArakAlAma, udakarAmaputta Adi ke pAsa unakI sAdhanA paddhati ko sIkhane kA ullekha hai vaisI sUcanA nirganthoM yA pihitAsrava ke sambandha meM nahIM miltii| ataH ise eka kliSTa kalpanA kahanA hI ucita hogaa| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki yaha vivaraNa mahAvIra kI nimrantha paramparA kI sAdhanA ko nirarthaka batAne kI dRSTi se bAda meM jor3A gayA ho / kyoMki pApityoM kA AcAra itanA kaThora nahIM thaa| yaha AcAra mukhyataH AjIvako aura mahAvIra kI paramparA se sambaddha lagatA hai, pAzvaM kI nahIM /

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[ 47 ] pArzvanAtha aura pAithAgorasa kI paramparA pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke pihitAsrava ke sambandha meM eka yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki ve grIsa kI ora gaye the aura grIsa meM jo pAithAgorasa kA sampradAya hai vaha pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke pihitAsrava se saMbaMdhita hai / yaha bhI satya hai pAithAgorasa kI mAnyatAoM ke saMbaMdha meM Aja jo sUcanAyeM upalabdha haiM; unase spaSTa rUpa se aisA lagatA hai ki ve bhAratIya zramaNa paraMparA aura usameM bhI nirgrantha paramparA ke - adhika nikaTa hai / 182 tulanAtmaka dRSTi se hama kucha vivaraNa prastutaH kara rahe haiM / sarvaprathama pAithAgorasa hiMsA kA utanA hI virodhI thA 'jitane zramaNa paramparA ke dharma / usake anuyAiyoM ke lie mAMsAhAra sarvathA varjita thA / isI prakAra pAithAgorasa AtmAlocana kI prakriyA para utanA hI bala detA thA jitanA ki jaina paramparA meM pratikramaNa para diyA jAtA hai| phira bhI pihitAsrava aura pAithAgorasa ko anya sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM mAtra vicAra sAmya ke AdhAra para eka mAna lenA ucita nahIM hogA / isa sambandha meM gambhIra zodha apekSita hai / pArzvanAtha paramparA kI paTTAvalo T33 vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM upakezagaccha eka aisA gaccha hai jo apane paramparA ko sIdhe pArzvanAtha se jor3atA hai / 188 usakI paTTAvalI ke anusAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke prathama paTTadhara gaNadhara zubhadatta hue | ye pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ke caubIsa varSa pazcAt taka AcArya pada para rahe / AcArya zubhadatta ke paTTadhara Arya haridatta hue / inakA samaya pArzva nirvANa samvat 24 se 94 taka mAnA jAtA hai / inake dvArA lohityAcArya ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita karane sambandhI anuzruti pracalita hai / Arya haridatta ke paTTadhara Arya samudra hue| Arya samudra kA kAla pArzva nirvANa samvat 94 se 166 taka mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra ye ikahattara varSa taka AcArya pada para rahe / inake pazcAt Arya kezI zramaNa pAvapatya paramparA ke AcArya hue| paTTAvalI ke anusAra inakA samaya pArzva nirvANa samvat 166 se 250 taka mAnA jAtA hai / Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha sUcanA ke anusAra Arya kezI bhagavAn *

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[ 48 ] mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| paTTAvalI meM upalabdha ina sUcanAoM ke sambandha meM aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karanA apekSita hai| jahAM taka Arya kezI kA saMbaMdha hai unakI aitihAsikatA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki uttarAdhyayana aura rAjapraznIya yaha do Agama grantha unake astitva ke saMbaMdha meM hameM spaSTa sUcanAyeM dete haiN| jahAM taka Arya zubhadatta, Arya haridatta aura Arya samudra kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna hai, isa sambandha meM thor3e vicAra kI AvazyakatA avazya hai kalpasUtra aura samavAyAGga ke anusAra pArzva ke prathama ziSya Arya dina haiM / jabaki inhIM granthoM meM pArzva ke prathama gaNadhara ko zubha kahA gayA hai| yadi hama prathama gaNadhara kA pUrA nAma zubhadatta mAneM to Arya dina ke sAtha usakI saGgati yaha kaha kara baiThAI jA sakatI hai ki saMkSepIkaraNa meM Arya zubhadatta kA Aryadatta ( ajja dinna ) raha gayA ho| hemavijaya gaNi ne pArzvacaritra meM prathama gaNadhara kA nAma Aryadatta hI sUcita kiyA hai| ataH pArzva kI AcArya paramparA meM prathama paTTadhara ke rUpa meM Arya zubhadatta ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu Arya zubhadatta kA jo netRtvakAla 24 varSa mAnA jAtA hai vaha vivAdAspada lagatA hai| itanA nizcita hai ki pArzva ne unheM apanI tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSita karake gaNadhara banAyA thaa| yadi hama gaNadhara banAte samaya unakI Ayu ko paccIsa varSa bhI mAneM to pArzva ke nirvANa ke samaya unakI Ayu 95 varSa se kama nahIM rahI hogii| punaH 25 varSa se kama Ayu ke vyakti ko gaNadhara jaise mahatvapUrNa pada para sthApita kara denA sambhava nahIM lagatA / sAmAnya vizvAsa ke anusAra bhI usa samaya kI adhikatama Ayu 100 varSa mAneM to inakA AcArya kAla 5 varSa se adhika nahIM hotA unakI Ayu lagabhaga 120 varSa mAnane para hI unake AcArya kAla ko 24 varSa mAnA jA sakatA hai / jahAM taka Arya haridatta aura Arya samudra kA prazna hai unakI aitihAsikatA ke sambandha meM sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI kaha pAnA kaThina hai / ataH inakI aitihAsikatA sandigdha hI lagatI hai, punaH ina donoM AcAryoM kA AcAyatva kAla kramazaH 70, 72 varSa mAnA gayA hai| yaha bhI vicAraNIya avazya hai| isI prakAra Arya kezI ke 84 varSa ke AcAryatva kAla para bhI prazna cihna lagAyA jA sakatA hai|

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[ 49 ] AcArya kezI kA samaya pArzva ke nirvANa ke 250 varSa pazcAt batalAyA gayA hai, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai / pArzva aura mahAvIra ke bIca 250 varSa kA antara AgamoM meM ullikhita hai kintu yaha 250 varSa kA antara pArzva ke nirvANa aura mahAvIra ke janma ke bIca mAnA jAye yA pArzva ke janma aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bIca mAnA jAye athavA pArzva ke nirvANa aura mahAvIra ke saMgha saMsthApana ke bIca mAnA jAya, yaha vicAraNIya hai / punaH yaha antara pArzva aura mahAvIra donoM ke janma yA nirvANa ke bIca bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / pArzva ke nirvANa aura / mahAvIra ke janma ke bIca 250 varSa kA kAla mAnane para kezI mahAvIra ke samakAlIna honA siddha nahIM hote yadi hama kezI ko mahAvIra kA samakAlIna mAnate haiM, jo ki Agama sammata bhI hai, to hameM pArzva aura mahAvIra ke bIca jo 250 varSa kA antara batAyA jAtA hai, vaha donoM ke nirvANa ke bIca mAnanA hogA; kyoMki kalpasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 980 varSa bAda aura pArzva ke nirvANa ke 1210 varSa pazcAt yaha grantha likhA gayA / 194 merI apanI mAnyatA to yaha hai ki yadi pArzva aura mahAvIra ke bIca kula 4 hI AcArya hue unameM bhI AcArya Arya kezI mahAvIra ke samasAmayika haiM aura Arya zubhadatta pArzva ke samasAmayika haiM / ataH ina donoM ke bIca kevala do hI AcArya zeSa rahate haiM / ataH pArzva ke nirvANa aura mahAvIra ke saMgha sthApanA ke bIca 150 varSa se adhika kA antara nahIM rahA hogA yadyapi isa kathana kA koI prAmANika AdhAra nahIM hai phira bhI yaha kalpanA atArkika nahIM lagatI / cAhe hama upakeza gaccha ko pArzva kI paramparA se sambandhita mAneM kintu usakI paTTAvalI vivAdAspada avazya lagatI hai usakA eka kAraNa to yaha hai ki usameM cAra hI AcAryoM ke nAma ko doharAyA gayA hai / yadyapi pUrva madhyakAla meM nAmoM ko doharAne kI paramparA rahI hai kintu yaha paramparA mahAvIra ke samaya yA IsvI pUrva meM bhI thI isakA koI pramANa nahIM milatA hai / saMvat 1655 meM racita upakezagacchIya paTTAvalI, kezI zramaNa ke pazcAt pAMcaveM paTTa para svayaMprabhasUri kA ullekha karatI hai tathA yaha

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[ 50 ] batAtI hai ki svayaMprabhasUri ke ziSya buddhakIti se bauddhadharma prArambha huaa| kintu hamArI dRSTi meM yaha eka kAlpanika avadhAraNA hI hai| yaha to saMbhava hai ki pArzva kI paramparA se buddha kA kucha paricaya rahA ho, kintu buddha ko svayaMprabhasUri kA ziSya batAnA eka kalpanA hI hai / yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki svayaMprabhasUri ne zrImAlanagara meM dharmopadeza kara nabbe hajAra parivAroM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| inhIM se zrImAla jAti kA prArambha haa| Aja isa sambandha meM koI bhI sAhityika pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| zrImAlanagara kI prAcInatA bhI purAtAttvika pramANoM se I0 pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM siddha nahIM hotI, ataH yaha kevala paramparAgata vizvAsa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| upakezagacchapaTTAvalI ke anusAra svayaMprabhasUri ke pazcAt chaThe paTTa para ratnaprabhasUri hue| inake dvArA upakezapura evaM koraNTapura meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pratimA sthApita karane ke ullekha milate haiM / paTTAvalI ke vivaraNAnusAra ye donoM mandira vIra nirvANa ke 70 varSa pazcAt nirmita hue the kintu Aja isa saMdarbha meM bhI hameM koI purAtAttvika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM ho pA rahA hai| padAvalI meM ratnaprabhasari ke dvArA bhI rAjasthAna meM lagabhaga eka lAkha cAlIsa hajAra logoM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita karane kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / yadyapi isa sambandha meM puSTa prAmANikatA kA abhAva hai parantu itanA avazya mAnA jA sakatA hai ki inhoMne rAjasthAna meM vihAra karake vahA~ logoM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA hogaa| inakA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa saMvat 84 meM mAnA jAtA hai| rAjasthAna meM I0 pU0 pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM jainadharma kI upasthiti .purAtAttvika pramANoM se siddha hotI hai / vIra nirvANa ke 84 varSa pazcAt kA eka abhilekha bADalI (rAjasthAna) se prApta hotA hai jo isa tathya ko prAmANita kara detA hai| yadyapi yaha eka Azcaryajanaka tathya hai ki ratnaprabhasUri ne pArvApatya paramparA ke hokara bhI pArzva ke sthAna para mahAvIra ke maMdiroM kA nirmANa kyoM karAyA ? isa sUcanA se aisA lagatA hai ki kezI ke mahAvIra kI paramparA meM sammilita ho jAne ke 'pazcAt unake ziSya svayaMprabha aura praziSya ratnaprabha bhI apane ko mahAvIra kI paramparA se hI sambandhita mAnate rahe hoMge / I0 pU0 5vIM zatAbdI meM pArzva kI koI svataMtra paramparA cala rahI thI, isakA hameM

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[ 51 ] koI prAmANika AdhAra upalabdha nahIM ho pA rahA hai| hameM kevala paramparAgata mAnyatA para hI vizvAsa karanA hotA hai| yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki ratnaprabhasUri ke samaya meM hI upakezagaccha se koraNTagaccha niklaa| kintu upakezagaccha aura koraNTagaccha IsA pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM astitvavAn the, isakA bhI koI sAhityika yA purAtAttvika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai / upakezagaccha ke sambandha meM sabase prAcIna purAtAtvika sAkSya vi0 saM0 1011 kA tathA koraNTagaccha kA vi0 saM0 1102 kA upalabdha hotA hai / jaina : paramparA ke gaNa, kula evaM zAkhA Adi ke sambandha meM prAcInatama ullekha kalpasUtra paTTAvalI, naMdIsUtra paTTAvalI tathA mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM prApta hote haiM / ina abhilekhoM meM kahIM bhI ina donoM gacchoM kA nAma nahIM AtA hai| upakezagacchIya paTTAvalI kI mAnyatAnusAra ratnaprabha pAva kI paramparA ke sAtaveM AcArya the| unake paTTa para AThaveM yakSadeva AcArya hue aura inheM maNibhadra yakSa kA pratibodhaka bhI batAyA gayA hai| kintu yaha eka vizvAsa hI kahA jA sakatA hai| yakSadevAcArya ke pazcAt naveM paTTa para kakkasUri, dasaveM paTTa para devagupta, 11veM para siddhasUri aura 12veM para ratnaprabha aura 13 veM para punaH yakSadevasuri hue, yaha ullekha milatA hai| kintu isa sambandha meM na to koI sAhityika pramANa hai aura na hI koI purAtAttvika sAkSya hai| upakezagaccha paTTAvalI vi0 saM0 1655 meM nirmita hai, ataH prAcIna sAkSyoM ke sambandha meM ise pUrNataH prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ukta paTTAvalI ke anusAra caudahaveM paTTa para punaH kakkasUri hue / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki inake dvArA osavAla vaMza meM tAMtahaDa, bApaNA, karNATa, moTAkSa, kulahaTa, virihaTa, sUcanti, cAraveDiyA, cIMcaTa, kumbhaTa Adi gotra sthApita hue| inakA samaya vIra nirvANa ke tIna sau tIna varSa pazcAt batAyA gayA hai| inake pazcAt paMdrahaveM paTTa para devagupta, 16veM para siddhasUri aura 17veM para ratnaprabhasUri ke hone ke ullekha milate haiN| inake sambandha meM paTTAvalI meM bhI anya koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai / 18veM paTTa para punaH yakSadevasUri ke hone kA ullekha hai / inakA samaya vIra nirvANa ke 585 varSa pazcAt batAyA gayA hai /

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[ 52 ] inake dvArA bAraha varSIya duSkAla ke pazcAt mahAvIra kI paramparA meM hue Aryavana ke ziSya vajrasena ke nidhana ke pazcAt unakI paramparA meM unake ziSyoM kI cAra zAkhAyeM sthApita karane kA ullekha milatA hai / yadyapi ina cAra zAkhAoM kA ullekha kalpasUtra paTTAvalI meM hai kintu yaha yakSadevasUri dvArA sthApita huI thI aisA usameM ullekha nahIM hai / yakSadevasUri ke pazcAt 19veM paTTapara kakkasUri, 20veM para devagupta, 21veM para siddhasUri, 22veM para ratnaprabhasUri, 23veM para yakSadeva, 24veM para punaH kakkasUri, 25veM para devaguptasUri, 26veM para siddhasUri, 27veM ratnaprabhasUri, 28veM para yakSadevasUri, 29veM para punaH kakkasUri, 30veM para devagupta, 31veM para siddhasUri, 32veM para ratnaprabhasUri, 33 para yakSadevasUri, 34veM para punaH kakkasUri, 35veM para devagupta tathA 36veM para siddhasUri hue / isa prakAra 8veM paTTa se lekara 36veM paTTa taka kakkasUri, devaguptasUri, siddhasUri, ratnaprabhasUri aura yakSadevasUri ina pAMca nAmoM kI hI punarAvRtti hotI rahI hai / ina AcAryoM ke sambandha meM paTTAvalI bhI nAmollekha ke atirikta anya koI jAnakArI nahIM detI hai| isake pazcAt hama dekhate haiM ki paTTAvalI meM kevala tIna nAmoM kakkasUri, devagupta aura siddhasUri kI hI punarAvRtti hotI hai| phalataH 37veM paTTa para kakkasUri, 38veM para devagupta, 39veM para siddhasUri, 40veM paTTa para punaH kakkasUri, 41veM para devaguptasUri, 42veM para siddhasUri ke hone kA ullekha hai| 41veM paTTadhara devagupta kA samaya vi0 saM0 995 ' batAyA gayA hai / upakezagacchIya paTTAvalI meM sarvaprathama yahIM se aitihAsika saMketa upalabdha hone lagate haiN| paTTAvalI inake zithilAcArI hone kA bhI ullekha karatI hai tathA yaha batAtI hai ki devaguptasUri ke zithilAcArI hone para saMgha ne inake paTTa para siddhasUri ko sthApita kiyaa| siddhasUri ke pazcAt 43veM paTTadhara kakkasUri huye| inheM "paMcapramANa' nAmaka grantha kA kartA batAyA gayA hai| 44veM paTTadhara devagupta hue| inakA kAla vikrama samvat 1072 batAyA gayA hai| 453 paTTadhara navapadaprakaraNasvopajJaTIkA ke kartA siddhasUri aura 463 paTTadhara punaH kakkasUri ke hone ke. ullekha milate haiN| ina kakkasUri ke sambandha meM 1078 I0 kA eka abhilekha prApta hotA hai / 47veM paTTa para

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[ 53 ] punaH devagupta, 48veM aura 49 veM para punaH kakkasUri ke hone kA ullekha hai / inake pazcAt 50veM paTTa para devaguptasUri hue inakA samaya saMvat 1108 batAyA gayA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki inheM bhinnamAla nagara meM 6 lAkha mudrA kharca karake AcArya pada para mahotsavapUrvaka sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| yahAM vicAraNIya tathya yaha hai ki 44veM paTTadhara devaguptasUri kA samaya vi0 saM0 1072 vatAyA gayA hai aura 45veM paTTadhara kakkasUri kA 1078 kA abhilekha bhI prApta hotA hai / 1078 vi0 saM0 se lekara 1108 taka ke 30 varSa ke alpa samaya meM cAra AcAryoM kA honA saMdehAspada lagatA hai / saMbhavataH paTTAvalIkAra ne tInoM nAma punaH doharA diye haiM / 51 veM paTTadhara siddhasUri, 52 veM paTTadhara kakkasUri kA samaya vi0 saM0 1254 batAyA gayA hai / 53veM paTTapara devaguptasUri 54veM para siddhasUri 55veM para punaH kakkasUri hue / ina 55 veM paTTadhara kA samaya paTTAvalI ke anusAra vi0 saM0 1252 hai | inake saMbandha meM 1259 kA abhilekha bhI milatA hai, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha eka aitihAsika AcArya rahe hoMge / 56veM devagupta, 57 veM siddhasUri, 58veM kakkasUri, 59veM devagupta, 61 veM kakkasUri, 62veM devagupta, 63veM siddhasena, 65 veM devaguptasUri, 66 veM siddhasUri hue / isa prakAra vi0 saM0 1252 se 1330 ke madhya lagabhaga 78 varSa kI avadhi meM dasa AcAryoM ke hone ke ullekha haiM / yaha vivaraNa bhI saMdehAspada hI lagatA hai / lagatA hai ki isameM do bAra ina tInoM nAmoM ko punaH duharA diyA gayA hai| adhikatama 78 varSa meM 3 AcAryoM ko honA cAhie / 66 veM paTTadhara siddhasUri ke vi0 saM0 1345 kA eka abhilekha bhI milatA hai / siddhasUri kA eka abhilekha 1385 kA bhI prApta hotA hai / paTTAvalI aura abhilekhIya AdhAroM para 65-66veM AcArya kA kAla 55-56 varSa AtA hai / yadyapi 67veM paTTadhara kakkasUri kA eka abhilekha 1380 kA upalabdha hai / isase aisA lagatA hai ki siddhasUri ne apane jIvana ke uttarArdha meM hI kakkasUri ko AcArya pada para pratiSThita kara diyA thA aura lagabhaga 14 varSa kI avadhi taka donoM hI unake sAtha AcArya pada para rahe hoMge / 60 veM siddhasUri, 64veM kakkasUri,

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[ 54 ] 67 veM paTTadhara kakkasUri kA AcAryapada mahotsava zAha jAgara ke dvArA vi0 saM0 1378 meM huA thA inake sambandha meM vi0 saM0 1380 se 1405 taka ke aneka abhilekha milate haiM / paTTAvalI ke anusAra 68 veM paTTadhara devaguptasUri hue / inakA AcArya pada mahotsava 5 hajAra svarNamudrAyeM kharca karake sAraMgadhara nAmaka zrAvaka ne dillI nagara meM vi0 saM0 1409 meM kiyA thA / inake sambandha meM abhilekhIya sAkSya vi0 saM0 1430 kA milatA hai / 69veM paTTadhara siddhasUri hue| paTTAvalI ke anusAra vi0 saM0 1475 meM inakA AcAryapada mahotsava kiyA gyaa| yadyapi inake saMbaMdha meM abhilekhIya sAkSya vi0saM0 1445 kA milatA hai / yaha eka vivAdAspada sthiti hai / kyoMki devaguptasUri kA AcAryapada mahotsava paTTAvalI ke anusAra 1409 meM hai aura unakA abhilekhIya sAkSya bhI 1.30 kA hai / ataH yaha svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai ki vi0 saM0 1455 ke lagabhaga siddhasUri hue hoNge| paTTAvalI 1475 vi0 saM0 meM hone vAle jisa siddhasUri kA ullekha karatI hai, ve saMbhavataH 72veM paTTadhara hoMge / hameM aisA lagatA hai ki paTTAvalI meM devagupta sUri ke pazcAt siddhasUri kakkasUri aura devaguptasUri kI eka punarAvRtti ko chor3a diyA gayA hai, kyoMki 71 veM paTTadhara devaguptasUri ke sambandha meM hameM 1468 se 1497 taka ke aneka abhilekha upalabdha hote haiM / vi0 saM0 1430 se vi saM 0 1494 taka kI avadhi meM hameM eka hI sAtha devagupta evaM siddhasUri ke aneka abhilekhIya sAkSya milate haiM / isase aisA lagatA hai ki isa avadhi ke bIca tInoM nAmoM kI eka punarAvRtti aura huI hogI / paTTAvalI ke anusAra 72 veM paTTadhara siddhasUri hue / paTTAvalI inakA kAla vi0 saM0 1565 mAnatI hai / hameM inake sambandha meM 1566 se 76 taka ke aneka abhilekha upalabdha hote haiM / 73 veM paTTadhara kakkasUri hue| paTTAvalI ke anusAra inheM vi0 saM0 1599 meM jodhapura nagara meM AcAryapada pradAna kiyA gayA / inake sambandha meM koI abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai / 74veM paTTadhara devaguptasUri kA pATamahotsava vi0 saM0 1631 meM maMtrI sahasavIra ke putra dedAgara ne kiyA / inake sambandha meM 1634 kA eka abhilekha bhI upalabdha hotA hai /

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[ 55 ] 75veM paTTadhara siddhasUri kA pATamahotsava vikramapura nagara meM vi0 saM0 1655 meM mahAmaMtrI ThAkurasiMha ne kiyaa| inake sambandha meM vi0 saM0 1659 kA abhilekhIya sAkSya bhI upalabdha hai| upakezagaccha kI jisa paTTAvalI ko hamane AdhAra banAyA hai, vaha inhIM ke kAla meM bnii| yadyapi usameM inake bAda bhI nimna nAma jor3e gye| 76veM paTTadhara punaH kakkasUri hue| inakA pATamahotsava vi0 saM0 1689 meM maMtrI ThAkurasiMha kI putravadhU sAhibade dvArA huaa| paTTAvalI ke sUcanAnusAra 77veM paTTadhara devaguptasUri hue, inheM vi0 saM0 1727 meM AcAryapada pradAna kiyA gyaa| 78veM paTTadhara siddhasUri hue| inakA pATamahotsava vi0 saM0 1767 meM bhagatasiMha ne kiyaa| 79veM paTTadhara punaH kakkasUri hue / inakA pATamahotsava vi0 saM0 1783 meM maMtrI daulatarAma ne kiyaa| 80veM paTTadhara devaguptari hue| inako AcAryapada para 1808 meM pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| 81veM paTTadhara siddhasUri hue / inakA paTTAbhiSeka khuzAlacanda ne vi0 saM0 1847 meM kiyaa| 82veM paTTadhara kakkasUri hue / inakA pATamahotsava vi0 saM0 1891 meM bIkAnera meM huaa| 833 paTTadhara devaguptasUri hue / inakA paTTAbhiSeka vi0 saM0 1905 meM phalaudI nagara ke vaidya muhatA ke parivAroM dvArA kiyA gyaa| 84veM paTTadhara siddhasUri hue| inakA paTTAbhiSeka vaidya muhatA gotra ke ThAkura zrI harisiMha jI ke dvArA vi0 saM0 1935 meM kiyA gyaa| inake pazcAt isa paramparA meM vartamAna kAla taka kucha aura AcArya hue hoMge jinakI sUcanA hameM nahIM hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki upakezagaccha, jo svayaM ko pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se sambaddha mAnatA hai, pAva se lekara 20 vIM zatI taka

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[ 56 ] apanI AcArya paramparA ko prastuta karatA hai para isa paTTAvalI ke dhyAna pUrvaka adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki AryakezI ke pazcAt 11vIM zatI ke madhya taka hameM isa paramparA ke sambandha meM anuzruti se nAmoM kI punarAvRtti ke atirikta aitihAsika aura sAhityika sAkSya nahIM milate haiN| ataH hameM andhakAra meM hI rahanA par3atA hai| yadyapi 11 vIM se 20 vIM zatI taka isa gaccha kI jo paTTAvalI upalabdha hai usakI aitihAsika prAmANikatA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| upakezagaccha ke sandarbha meM prAcInatama spaTa abhilekha vi0 saM0 1011 se prApta hone lagatA hai / arthAt 11 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se lekara 17 vIM zatAbdI taka kI pASANa evaM dhAtu pratimA tathA maMdiroM se upakezagaccha ke aneka abhilekha upalabdha haiN| ataH 11 vIM se 20 vIM zatI taka isakI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda hai yadyapi isase pUrva ke 1500 varSa kA kAla andhakArapUrNa hI hai| yadyapi upakezagaccha svayaM ko pArzva kI paramparA se jor3atA hai phira bhI hameM isa gaccha ke AcArAdi meM koI aisI viziSTa paramparA nahIM milatI hai jo use anya zvetAmbara gacchoM se spaSTa rUpa se alaga kara sake / sambhava yaha hai ki AryakezI Adi ke dvArA mahAvIra ke saMgha meM vilIna hone para inhoMne apanI viziSTa pahacAna to kho dI kintu apane ko pArzva kI paramparA se jor3e rakhane kI anuzruti yathAvat jIvita rakhI / ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki pArzva kI paraMparA 20 vIM zatI taka jIvita rahI hai cAhe usakI apanI viziSTa pahacAna kezI Adi pAzrvApatya AcAryoM ke mahAvIra ke saMgha meM vilIna hone ke pazcAt samApta ho gayI ho| pArga sambandhI sAhitya yadyapi sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, rAjapraznIya Adi meM pArzva aura unakI paramparA ke sambandha meM prakIrNa vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, kintu pArzva ke sambandha meM suvyavasthita vivaraNa dene vAlA kalpasUtra ko chor3akara anya koI grantha nahIM hai| kalpasUtra bhI vizuddharUpa se kevala pArzva kA hI jIvanavRtta nahIM detA hai, apitu vaha anya tIrthaMkaroM kA jIvana paricaya saMkSipta rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM aura cUNiyoM meM bhI pArzva aura unakI paramparA ke

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[ 57 ] kucha vivaraNa upalabdha ho jAte haiM, kintu ye grantha bhI pArzva kA suvyavasthita jIvana vivaraNa prastuta nahIM karate haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarva prathama zIlAMka (lagabhaga 9 vIM zatI) ke caupannapurisacariyaM aura AcArya hemacandra ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM pArzva kA jIvanavRtta milatA hai| isI prakAra digambara paramparA ke grantha tiloyapaNNatti, bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi se pArzva evaM pArzvasthoM ke sambandha meM kucha sUcanAeM upalabdha haiM, kintu inameM pArzva ke suvyavasthita jIvanavRtta kA abhAva hai| digambara paramparA meM pArzva ke suvyavasthita jIvanavRtta ko prastuta karane vAlA prathama graMtha jinasena evaM guNabhadra kA mahApurANa hai / mahApurANa do bhAgoM-AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa meM vibhAjita hai| AdipurANa meM RSabhadeva kA varNana hai; jabaki uttarapurANa meM anya 23 tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana hai| isI uttarapurANa meM pArzva kA jIvanavRtta bhI varNita hai| yaha uttarapurANa guNabhadra kI kRti hai aura isakA racanAkAla I0 san 848 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu isake pUrva pArzva ke sambandha meM svatantra grantha likhe jAne lage the| abhI taka upalabdha sUcanAoM ke anusAra prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza ke lagabhaga 25 se adhika svataMtra graMtha pArzva ke jIvanacarita para likhe gaye haiM jinakI yahA~ saMkSipta carcA kI jA rahI hai| (1) pAzrvAbhyudayaH jinasena-pArzva para likhe gaye svatantra granthoM meM pArvAbhyudaya kA sthAna sarvaprathama AtA hai / yaha graMtha digambara jainAcArya jinasena prathama kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai / isakA racanAkAla I0 san 783 se pUrva mAnA jAtA hai / mUlataH eka samasyApUrti kAvya ke rUpa meM isa grantha kI racanA kI gayI hai| isameM cAra sarga aura 364 padya haiN| jisameM mukhyatayA pArzva ke upasargoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai / yaha grantha saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| (2) pArzvanAthacaritam : vAdirAjasUri-yaha grantha 12 sargoM meM vibhakta hai, tathA pArzva ke pUrvabhavoM aura jIvanavRtta kA vistAra se vivecana karatA hai| isakI bhASA saMskRta hai| kavi ne 'ise pArzva jinezvaracita mahAkAvya' kahA hai| yaha I0 san 1019 kI racanA hai|

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[ 58 ] isake racayitA digambara jaina paramparA ke nandisaMgha ke zrIpAladeva ke praziSya tathA matisAgara ke ziSya vAdirAjasUri haiM / isa graMtha kA prakAzana mANikacandra jaina digambara graMthamAlA, bambaI dvArA vi. saM. 1973 meM huA hai| isa graMtha para aneka vyAkhyAyeM bhI likhI gaI haiM / (3) pAsanAhacariu : devadatta - DA. devendra kumAra zAstrI ne apabhraMza ke caritakAvyoM meM devadatta ke pAsanAhacariu kA ullekha kiyA hai / vartamAna meM yaha kRti upalabdha nahIM hotI hai / jambUsvAmIcariu ke racayitA mahAkavi vIra ne apane pitA kA nAma devadatta ullikhita kiyA hai / yadi pArzvanAhacariu ke racayitA yahI devadatta haiM to isa graMtha kA racanAkAla IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha mAnA jAyegA / kRti anupalabdha hone se usake sambandha meM adhika kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / (4) pAsanAhacariu : padmakIrti - apabhraMza bhASA meM nibaddha isa kRti ke racayitA digamvara AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) ke ziSya padmakIrti haiM / I. san 1077 meM isa grantha kI racanA huI hai / isameM pArka ke pUrva aura vartamAna bhava kA savistAra vivecana hai / prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI ne san 1965 meM isa grantha ko prakAzita kiyA / (5) siripAsanAhacariyaM devabhadra-zvetAmbara candragacchIya abhayadevasUri ke paTTadhara prasannacandrasUri ke ziSya devabhadrasUri dvArA I. san 1111 (vi. saM. 1168 ) meM isa graMtha kI racanA kI gayI hai prAkRta bhASA meM likhita isa grantha kA prakAzana sarva prathama maNivijayagaNivara granthamAlA dvArA I. san 1945 meM huA thA / isakA eka gujarAtI anuvAda bhI AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita huA hai / (6) pAsanAhacariu : vibudhazrIdhara - yaha kRti bhI apabhraMza bhASA meM likhita hai / 12 saMdhiyoM meM vibhakta yaha grantha 1200 zloka pramANa hai / graMtha kA racanAkAla I. san 1132 sunizcita hai / isake racayitA vibudhazrIdhara digambara paramparA se sambandhita the / (7) pAsanAhacariu : devacandra - apabhraMzabhASA meM likhita isa graMtha meM 11 saMdhiyAM aura 102 karbaTa haiM / isakI kathAvastu paramparAgata hI

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[ 59 ] hai| graMtha ke lekhaka digambara paramparA ke mUlasaMgha ke vAsavacandra ke ziSya devacandra haiM / DA. nemicandra zAstrI ne isa grantha ko 12 vIM zatAbdI I0 san ke AsapAsa mAnA hai| . (8) pAzrvanAthacaritra : mANikyacandrasUri-zvetAmbara rAjagacchIya mANikyacandrasUri ne vi. saM. 1276 meM isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| grantha meM 10 sarga haiM / yaha grantha 6770 zloka parimANa hai| isameM bhI pArzva ke pUrvabhavoM ke sAtha unake janma, dIkSA, kaivalya evaM nirvANa kA vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hai| yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| isakI tADapatrIya prati zAntinAtha jaina grantha bhaNDAra, khaMbhAta meM surakSita hai| (9) pArzvanAthacaritra : vinayacaMdra-saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha yaha kRti 6 sargoM meM vibhakta hai tathA 4685 zloka pramANa hai| yaha kRti abhI taka aprakAzita hI hai| isakI kathAvastu paramparAgata hI hai / isa graMtha ke racanAkAra candragacchIya mAnatuMgasUri ke praziSya evaM raviprabhasUri ke ziSya vinayacandrasUri haiN| I. san 1226-88 ke madhya isa grantha kA racanAkAla mAnA jAtA hai| (10) pArzvanAthacaritra : sarvAnandasUri-saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha graMtha meM pA~ca sarga haiM / yaha graMtha aprakAzita hai| isakI tADapatrIya prati saMghavIpAr3A grantha bhaMDAra pATana, meM surakSita hai| yaha atyanta jIrNa hai aura isameM kula 345 pRSTha haiM jisameM prArambha ke 156 pRSTha lupta haiN| grantha kA racanAkAla I. san 1234 mAnA gayA haiN| isake racayitA zve0 paramparA ke zAlibhadrasUri ke praziSya evaM guNabhadrasUri ke ziSya sudharmAgacchIya sarvAnandasUri haiN| (11) pArzvanAthacaritra : bhAvadevasUri-saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha isa kRti meM 8 sarga aura lagabhaga 6 hajAra zloka haiM / isa grantha ke racanAkAra candrakula ke khaMDilagaccha ke AcArya bhAvadevasUri haiN| grantha kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1412 ( I0 san 1355 hai)| (12) pArzvanAthapurANa : sakalakoti-saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha isa kRti meM 23 sarga haiM / isa grantha ke racanAkAra digambara paramparA ke

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[ 60 ] balAtkAragaNa ke IDara zAkhA ke AcArya sakalakIrti mAne gaye haiM / graMtha kA racanAkAla IsA kI caudahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| (13) pAsanAhacariu raidhU :- apabhraMza bhASA meM nibaddha isa grantha meM 7 saMdhiyA~ haiM / isakI kathAvastu paramparAgata hai / grantha ke racanAkAra digambara paramparA ke kASThAsaMgha ke mAthuragacchIya puSkaragaNazAkhA se sambaddha mahAkavi raghU haiM / inakA samaya I0 san 1400 se 1479 ke madhya mAnA jAtA hai / (14) pAsanAhacariu : asavAla - apabhraMza bhASA se nibaddha isa graMtha meM 13 sandhiyA~ haiM / isakI kathAvastu pAramparika hI hai / graMtha abhI taka aprakAzita hai / isakI eka prati agravAla digambara jaina mandira, motI kaTarA, AgarA meM upalabdha hai / isa graMtha ke racanAkAra asapAla kavi gRhastha the, kintu digambara paramparA ke mUla saMgha ke balAtkAra gaNa se sambandhita the / isa grantha kA racanAkAla I0 san 1482 hai / I (15) pAsapurANa: tejapAla - yaha grantha evaM abhI taka aprakAzita hai / isakI hastalikhita prati ajamera aura jayapura ke graMtha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiM / Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM upalabdha isakI prati para racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1516 arthAt I0 san 1458 ullikhita hai / isake lekhaka kavi tejapAla ne isakI racanA mUlasaMgha ke padmanandina ke ziSya zivanandi bhaTTAraka ke nirdeza se kI thI / (16) pAsanAhakAvyaH padmasundaragaNi - yaha kRti saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai / isake racanAkAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke tapAgaccha kI nAgorI zAkhA ke padmasundara gaNi haiM / ye jodhapura nareza mAladeva dvArA sammAnita the / ye IsA ke solahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiM / ataH graMtha kA racanAkAla bhI yahI honA cAhie / (17) pArzvanAthacAritra : hemavijaya - prastuta kRti saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai / isameM 6 sarga aura 3036 zloka haiM / grantha kI kathAvastu paramparAgata hai / isake racayitA zvetAmbara paramparA ke kamala

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[ 61 ] vijayasiMha ke ziSya hema vijayagaNi haiN| graMtha kA racanAkAla I0 sana 1575 hai| (18) pArzvapurANa : vAdicaMdra-15000 zloka pramANa yaha vizAla grantha paurANika zailI meM likhA gayA haiN| isa grantha ke racayitA digambara paramparA ke bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya evaM bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke ziSya vAdicandra haiN| I0 san 1683 meM yaha grantha likhA gyaa| isa aprakAzita grantha kI eka prati iTAvA ke sarasvatI bhaNDAra meM hai / (19) pArzvanAthacaritaH udayavIragaNi-yaha grantha 8 sargoM meM vibhakta evaM saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai / yaha hemacandra sUri ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kI paramparAnusAra hI likhA gayA hai / grantha ke racanAkAra tapagacchIya hemasUri ke praziSya aura saMghabIra ke ziSya udayavIragaNi haiN| graMtha kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1654, I0 san 1597 mAnA jAtA hai| (20) pAzrvapurANa : candrakIti- yaha graMtha 15 sargoM meM vibhakta evaM 2710 zloka pramANa hai| vi0 saM0 1654 I0 san 1597 meM bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa ke ziSya candra kIrti ne isa graMtha kI racanA kI / ye digambara pamparA ke kASThAsaMgha ke the / graMtha kI prazasti meM inhoMne apanI vistRta guru paramparA kI carcA kI hai / DA0 joharApurakara ne candrakIrti kA.samaya vi0 saM0 1654-1681 arthAt I0 san 1597-1624 I0 mAnA hai|

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[ 62 ] sandarbha : 1. stha (7) nikiye kule ganisya uggahiniya ziSo vAcako ghoSako Aheto paryasya pratimA -jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, dvitIya bhAga lekha kramAMka 83 pR. 52 2. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrvapIThikA (paM0 kailAzacandajI). pR0 450 3. (a) pArazava ityeke / baudhAyana dharmasUtra 1 / 17 / 3 (ba) kAmAtpArazava iti putrAH / vahI 2 / 3 / 30 4. (a) dekheM-jaina AgamoM para gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya ahamadAbAda dvArA Ayojita semInAra meM paThita merA lekh| (aprakAzita) (ba) RSibhASita kI bhUmikA, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura se prakAzyamAna / 5. (a) pAseNa arahatA isiNA buitaM / (ba) gati vAgaraNagaMthAo pabhiti jAva sAmittaM imaM ajjhayaNaM tAva imo bIo pADho dissati / -isibhAsiyAI 31 6. (e) sUtrakRtAMga 2178 (bI) AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha 15 / 25 (sI) uttarAdhyayana 23 / 1, 23 / 12 23123 (DI) bhagavatI, 1 / 423; 2195, 97, 109, 110; 5 / 254. 257; 970 (i) kalpasUtra-149-159 (epha) niryaavlikaa-3|1 (jI) Avazyakaniyukti 221.32, 234, 252-54, 259, 262, 268, 299, 305, 377, 380, 384-89, 1098 (eca) samavAyAMga 818, 9 / 4, 1614, 23 // 3, 24 / 1, 3016, 38 / 1,7012, 953 prakIrNa samavAya 14, 34, 62, 63, 66, 78, 222, 224 / 1, 22711, 2281 sthAnAMga 9 / 61,

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7. samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro pAsAvaccijjA samaNovAsagA yAvi hotthA / -AcArAMga 2 / 15 / 25 8. eka samayaMbhagavA sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmi / atha kho vappo sakko nignntthsaavgo| -aMguttaranikAya; catuSkanipAta, vagga 5 dekheM-aMguttaranikAya kI aTThakathA kA yahI sandarbha / 8-A eka samayaM bhagavA vesAliyaM viharati mahAvane kUTAgArasAlAyaM / tena kho pana samayena saccako nigaNThaputto vesAliyaM paTivasati bhassappavAdako paNDitavAdo sAdhusammato bhujnss| . -majjhimanikAya 1135 / 111 9. niggaMthA eka sATakA -majjhimanikAya mahAsiMhanAdasutta, 1 / 1 / 2 tulanIya-AcArAMga 119 10. chaTheNaM bhatteNaM aMpANaeNaM, egaM sADagamAyAe |-aacaaraaNg dvitIya zrutaskaMdha 15766 11. saMvaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsaM, jaMNa rikkAsi vatthagaM bhagavaM / acelae tato cAI, taM vosajja vatthamavagAre / --AcArAMga, 1 / 9 / 4 12. See-Sacred Books of the East : Vol XLV : Jain, Sutras : Introduction, pp. xxii. xxix-xxxii 13. acelago ya jo dhammo jo imo sntrttro| uttarA0 23 / 13 14. nigaNTho nAtaputto cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto sabbavArivArito sabba vAriyuto sabbavAridhuto sbbvaariphutto| majjhimanikAya, bhAga 2 upAlisuttaM 6 / 08, pRSTha 49 15. (a) tae NaM udae peDhAlaputte samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa aMtie cAujjAmAo dhammAo paMcamahavvaiyaM sapaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpajjittANaM viharai / -sUtrakRtAGga 2 / 7 / 30

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[ 64 ] (ba) tae NaM se kAlAsavesiyaputte aNagAre there bhagavaMte vaMdai namaMsai, vaMdittA, namaMsittA cAujjAmAo dhammAo paMcamavvaiyaM sapaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpajjittA NaM viharati / -bhagavatIsUtra 1 / 9 / 432; (sa) paMcamahavvayadhamma paDivajjai bhaavo| -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 23.87 16. udae peDhAlaputte bhagavaM pAsAvaccijje NiyaMThe medajje / -sUtrakRtAGga 2178 17. pAsAvaccije kAlAsavesiyaputte NAmaM aNagAre / -bhagavatIsUtra 1 / 9 / 423; teNaM samaeNaM pAsAvaccijjA therA bhagavaMto........ bhAvemANA viharaMti // - bhagavatIsUtra 2 / 5 / 95; 5 / 9 / 254-255; teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pAsAvaccijje gaMgee nAmaM aNagAre.. ...." / -bhagavatIsUtra 9 / 32 / 78 19. teNaM samaeNaM pAsAvaccije kesI nAma kumArasamaNe..... bhAvemANe viharai / rAjapraznIyasUtra-213; (saMpA0 zrI madhukara muni) . 20. teNaM kAleNaM 2 pAse NaM arahA purisAdANIe Aigare, jahA ____ mahAvIro, navussehe solasehiM samaNasAhassIhiM aTTatIsAe ajjiyAsahassehiM jAva koTThae smosddh'e| nirayAvaliyA-pupphiyAo 1; 21. ahaM pi NaM goyamA ! evamAiyakkhAmi, bhAsAmi, paNNavemi paravemi-bhagavatI 2015 / 110; pAseNa arahayA purisAdANieNaM sAsae loe buie.......... bhagavatI 5 / 9 / 255 22. cAujjAme NiyaNThe aTThavihaM kammaNThi ! No pakareti RSibhASita 31 . paMca atthikAyA Na kayAti NAsI jAva NiccA, vahI 23. Jain Sutras by Hermann Jacobi, ( SBE, Vol. XLV. ) Introduction p. xxi. ...

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[ 4 ] 24. We ought also to remember both that the Jaina religion is certainly older than Mahavira, his reputed predecessor Parsva having almost certainly existed as a real person. -The Uttaradhyayanasutra by J. Charpentier, Uppsala 1922, Introduction, p. 21 25. As he ( Vardhaman Mahavira) is referred to in the Buddhist Scriptures as one of the Buddha's chief opponents, his historicity is beyond doubt ... ....Parsva was remembered as twentythird of the twentyfour great teachers or Tirthankaras 'ford makers of the Jaina faith'-The Wonder that was India by Prof. A. L Basham, pp. 287-88. 26. Miscellaneous Essays, ii, p. 276 27. Parsvanatha, the Tirthankara, who immediately preceded Mahavira, may also have been an historical person...If so, he was the real founder of Jainism, Mahavira being only a reformer who carried still further the work that Parsvanatha had begun -The Heart of Jainism by S. Stevenson, New Delhi, 1970, p. 48. 28. Buddhists refer to them as ascetics (samanas) and brahmins. Little is known of them historically, but one of these bodies, the Jainas, still exists - The Ouest of Enlightenment by E. J. Thomas, London 1950, Intfroduction. p. 4. 29. See. Indian Philosophy by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, Vol. I p. 291 30.

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[ 66 ] 31. The Jainas were a powerful mendicant order which originated or was reorganised a few years before sakyamuni.-The Way to Nirvana by M. Poussin, p. 67. 32. See. History of Indian Philosophy by S.K. Belvalkar & R. D. Ranade, Poona 1927, pp. 443-45. 33. pArzva kA eka ziSya mahAvIra ke eka ziSya se milA tathA usane prAcIna jaina dharma tathA mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa jaina dharma ke bIca samanvaya karAyA, yaha sUcita karatA hai ki pArzva sambhavataH eka aitihAsika vyakti the| bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, lekhaka - surendranAtha dAsa guptA, bhAga 1, pR. 178. / - 34. He (Vardhamana) was not so much the founder of a new faith as the reformer of the previously existing creed of Parsvanatha who is said to have died in 776 B. C. There is no doubt that Jainism prevailed even before Vardhamana or Parsvanatha.-Indian Philosophy by S. Radhakrishnan Vol. I. p. 287. 35. The twenty-third teacher, Parsva, the immediate predecessor of Mahavira, seems to have been a historical figure--An Advanced History of India by R. C. Majumdar, Vol I. p, 86. 36. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -- lekhaka : AcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja pR. 325-26. 37. uvasaggaharaM pAsaM pAsaM vaMdAmi kammaghaNamukkaM / maMgala-kallANa- AvAsaM // visahara visa ninnAsaM visaharaphuliMgamaMtaM kaMThe dhArei jo sayA maNuo / tassa gaha-roga- mAri-duTThajarA jaMti uvasAmaM //

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f 67 3 ciTThau dUre maMto, tujjha paNAmovi bahuphalo hoi / naratiriesuvi jIvA, pAvaMti na dukkha dogaccaM // tu sammatte laddha, ciMtAmaNi- kappapAyavabbhahie / pAvaMti aviggheNaM jIvA ayarAyaraM ThANaM // ia saMdhuo mahAyasa, bhattimbharanibbhareNa hiyaeNa / tA deva dijja bohiM, bhave bhave pAsa jiNacaMda // - uvasaggaha rastotra (gujarAtI) gAthA 1-5 pR. 14 38. (a) Agama sAhitya tathA chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI taka nirmita niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNi granthoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSayakSI kI avadhAraNA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvaprathama, kahAvalI, nirvANakalikA triSaSTizalAkApuriSacaritra, aura pravacanasAroddhAra tathA digambara paramparA meM tiloya - paNNatti, pratiSThAsAroddhAra, aparijapRcchA Adi meM yakSayakSiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM / kintu inameM bhI nAmoM ko lekara mata vaibhinnya dekhA jAtA hai / uvasaggahara stotra meM sarvaprathama pArzva nAmaka yakSa kI sUcanA milatI hai / yadyapi pravacanasAroddhAra meM ise vAmana kahA gayA hai / digambara paramparA ke pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM aura pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM yakSa kA nAma dharaNa hai / kucha paravartI zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI pArzva ke yakSa ko dharaNa kahA gayA hai "pArzvasya dharaNo yakSaH zyAmAGgaH kUrmavAhanaH - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, 5.67; dharaNonIlaH karmazrito bhajatu vAsukimaulirijyAm / - pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.151; 38. (ba) vAmana 23 zrIpArzvajinasya vAmano yakSo matAntareNa pArzvanAmA yakSo gajamukha uragaphaNamaNDita zirAH zyAma varNaH devIo paumAvaI 23 // zrI pravacanasAroddhAraH (pUrvabhAgaH ) 39. ( a ) mAtuliGgagadAyukto vibhrANo dakSiNI karo / vAmI nakula sarpAko kUrmAGkaH kuJjarAnanaH // 1

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[ 68 ] mUni phaNiphaNacchatro yakSaH pAzrvo'sitadyutiH / padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-pArzvanAtha 92-93 (ba) pArzvayakSaM gajamukha muragaphaNAmaNDitazirasaM zyAmavarNa kUrma vAhanaM caturbhujaM bIjapUrakoragayutadakSiNapANi nakula kAhiyutavAmapANiM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18-23; 40. prakIrNaka samavAya 220-221; samavAyAMga 9 / 4; 100 / 4; 818; 16 / 4; 381 41. teNaM kAleNa teNaM samaeNaM pAse arahA purisAdANIe paMcavisAhe hutthA, taMjahA-visAhAhiM jue caittA gabbhaM vakkate 1, visAhAhiM jAe 2, visAhAhiM muMDe bhavittA agArAo aNagAriyaM pavvaie 3, visAhAhiM aNate aNuttare nivvAghAe nirAvaraNe kasiNe paDipuNNe kevalavaranANadaMsaNe samuppannane 4, visAhAhiM parinibvue // 148 // teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pAse arahA purisAdANIe je se gimhANa paDhame mAse paDhame pakkhe cittabahule, tassa NaM cittabahulassa cautthIpakkheNaM pANayAo kappAo vIsaM sAgarovamaTThiiyAo aNaMtaraM cayaM caittA iheva jaMbuddIve dIve bhArahe vAse vANArasIye nayarIye AsaseNasya raNo vammAe devIe puvvarattakAlasamayaMsi visAhAhiM nakkhatteNaM jogamuvAgaeNaM AhAravakkaMtIe (graM. 700) bhavavakkaMtIe sarIkhakkaMtIe kucchisiM gabbhattAe vakkaMte // (149) teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pAse arahA purisAdANIe je se hemaMtANaM docce mAse tacce pakkhe posabahule tassa gaM posabahulassa dasamIpakkheNaM navaNhaM mAsANaM bahupaDipuNNANaM addhaTThamANaM rAiMdiyANaM viikkatANaM puSvarattAvaratakAlasamayasi visAhAhiM nakkhatteNaM jogamuvAgaeNaM AroggA ArogyaM dArayaM pAyA / 151 / puci pi NaM pAsasya arahao purisAdANIyassa mANussagAo gihatthadhammAo aNuttare Ahohie, taM ceva sambaM jAva dANaM vAiyANaM paribhAittAM, je se hematANaM docce mAse tacce pakkhe posabahule tassa gaM posabahulassa ekkArasIdivaseNaM puvvalakAlasamayaMsi visAlAe sibimAe sadevamaNamAsurAe parisAe, taM ceka

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[ 69 ] savvaM, navaraM vANArasi nagari majjhamazeSaM niggacchai niggacchittA jeNave Asamapae ujjANe jeNeva asogavarapAyave teNeva uvAgacchai, uvAgacchitA asogavarapAyavassa ahe sIyaM subhe ya ajjaghose ya vasiTThe baMbhayAri ya / some sirihare ceva, vIrabhadde jase vi ya / 156 / pAsassa NaM arahao purisAdANIyassa ajjadiNNapAmokkhAo solasa samaNasAhassIo UkkosiyA samaNasaMpayA hotthA / pAsassa NaM arahao purimAdANIyassa pupphacUlApAmokkhAo aTThattIsaM : ajjiyA sAhassIo UkkosiyA ajjiyAsaMpayA hotthA / pAsassa NaM arahao purisAdANIyassa suvvayapAmokkhANaM samaNovA sagANaM egA sayasAhassIo caUrsATThe ca sahassA UkkosiyA samaNovAsagasaMpayA hotyA / pAsassa NaM arahao purisAdANIyassa sunaMdA - pAmokkhANaM samaNovAsiyANaM tiNNi sayasAhassIo sattAvIsaM ca sahassA UkkosiyA samaNovAsiyANaM saMpayA hotyA... // 157 // je se vAsANaM paDhame mAse ducce pakkhe sAvaNasuddha e, tassa NaM sAvaNasuddhassa aTTamIpakkheNaM Upi sammeyaselasiharaMsi appacaUttIsaime mAMsieNaM bhatteNaM apAMNaeNaM visAhAhiM nakkha teNaM jogamuvAgAeNaM puNvakAlasamayaMsi vagghAriyapANI kAlagae jAva savvadukkhalahINe / / 159 // pAsassa NaM arahao jAva savvadukkhappahINassa duvAlasa vAsasayAiM viikkatAI, terasamassa ya vArasayssa ayaM tIsaime saMvacchare kAle gacchaI // 160 // ThAve, sIyaM ThAvittA sIyAo paccoruhai, paccoruhittA sayameva AbharaNamallAlaMkAraM omuyati, AbharaNamallAlaMkAraM omuittA sayameva paMcamuTThiyaM loyaM karei, loyaM karitA aTTameNaM bhatteNaM pANaNaM visAhAhiM nakkhatteNaM jogamuvAgaeNaM egaM devadUtamAdAya tihi purisasaehi saddhi muMDe bhavittA agArAo aNagAriya pavvaie // 153 // pAse NaM arahA purisAdANIe tesIiM rAiMdiyAI nicca vosaTukA

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[ 70 ] ciyattadehe je kei uvasaggA uppajjaMti, taMjahA-divvA vA mANussA vA tirikkhajoNiyA vA, aNulomA vA paDilomA vA, te Uppanne samma sahaititikkhai khamai ahiyAsei // 154 // tae NaM se pAse bhagavaM aNagAre jAe iriyAsamie jAva appANaM bhAvemANassa tesIiM rAiMdiyAiM viikkaMtAI, caurAsIimassa rAiMdiyassa aMtarA vaTTamANassa je se gimhANaM paDhame mAse paDhame pakkhe cittabahule tassa NaM cittabahulassa caUtthIpakkheNaM puvvalakAlasamayaMsi dhAyatipAyavassa ahe cha?NaM bhatteNaM apANaeNaM visAhAhiM nakkhatteNaM jogamuvAgaeNaM jhANaMtariyAe vaTTamANassa aNaMte aNuttare jAva kevalavaranANadaMsaNe samuppanne, jAva jANamANe pAsamANe viharai // 15 // pAsassa NaM arahao purisAdANIyasya aTTha gaNA aTTha gaNaharA hutthA // 156 // -kalpasUtra 148-56 42. (a) samavAyAMga 220, 221 (ba) kalpasUtra 149 (sa) Avazyaka niyukti 388 43. (a) uttarapurANa 43 ; (ba) padmapurANa 44. pAsaNAhacariu (vAdirAja) 9 / 95 / 5 45. hayaseNavammilAhiM jAdo hi vANArasIe pAsajiNo / -tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 548 46, muNisutrao ya arihA, ariTThanemI ya goymguttaa| sesA titthayarA khalu kAsavaguttA muNeyavvA -Avazyaka niyukti 381 47. vArANasyAmabhUt vizvasenaH kAzyapagotrajaH -uttarapurANa 73-75 48. NAhoggavaMsesu vi vIrapAso -tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 550 41. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 913 pRSTha 348

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[ 71 ] 50. ikkhaguvaMsa saMbhUya bhUvai bhAla tilaya bhUo AsaseNo nAma naravaI - siripAsanAhacariyaM pra0 3 pRSTha 134 51 (a) sappaM sayaNe jaNaNI, taM pAsai tamasi teNa pAsajiNo / - Avazyaka niyukti 1098 (ba) triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 9 |2| 471 (sa) pAsovasappiNaM sumiNayammi sappaM paloitthA - siripAsanAhacariyaM 11 pra 3 pRSTha 140 52. ( a ) sa sukhai pAsu yavevi gAu uttarapurANa 73 / 92 --pAsaNAhacariu ( padmakIrti ) 8 / 23 / 70 (ba] pAzrvAbhidhAnaM kRtvaasy.....| 53. (a) vIraM ariTThanemiM pAsa malli ca vAsupujjaM ca / ee muttUNa jiNe avasesA Asi rAyANo // rAyakulesu'vi jAyA visuddhavaMsesu khattiakulesu / naya itthaAbhiseA kumAravAsaMmi pavvaiA / ( acchaA pATha bhI milatA hai ) - Avazyaka niyukti 221-222 (ba) mallI, ariTThanemI, pAso vIro ya vAsupUjjo e e kumArasIhA gehAo niggayA jiNavarindA / sesA vi hu rAyANo puhaI bhottUNa nikkhantA // - paumacariyaM (vimalasUri) 22 pR0 92 ( sa ) vAsupUjyo mahAvIro malliH pArzvo yaduttamaH / kumArA nirgatA gehAt pRthivIpatayo'pare // - padmapurANa 20167 (da) paJcAnAM tu kumArANAM rAjJAM zeSajinezinAm - harivaMza 601214 ( mANikyacandra granthamAlA) (ya) NemI mallIvIro kumArakAlammi vAsupujjo ya / pAso vi gahidatavA sesajiNA rajjacaramammi / -tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 670

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/ 72 ] vizeSa- Azcaryajanaka tathya yaha hai ki uparyukta tInoM digambara graMthoM meM kumAra avasthA kA tAtparya rAjA nahIM bananA ho siddha hotA hai kyoMki ina tInoM granthoM meM agale caraNa meM kahA gayA hai ki zeSa ne rAjya kiyA / jabaki zve0 paramparA va grantha Avazyakaniyukti meM agalI gAthA kA pATha 'itthibhiseyA' mAne to kumAra kA artha avivAhita adhika saMgata lagatA hai / isa prakAra mUla graMtha unakI apanI paramparAgata mAnyatAoM se bhinna bAta kahate haiM / 54. samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa bhajjA 'jasoyA' koDiNNAgoteNa / - AcArAMga (madhukara muni) 2 / 15 / 744 55. caupanna mahApurisacariyaM 261 56. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 93 57. siripAsaNAhacariyaM 3 / 162-63 58. pAsaNAhacariu (padmakIrti ) sandhi 11-12 59. caupannamahApurisacariyaM 262 draSTavya -- kamaTha sambandhI ghaTanA ke sAhityika sAkSya 8vIM - 9vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke nahIM hai - jabaki mUrtikalA meM pArzva ke upasargoM kA citraNa chaThIM zatAbdI se milane lagatA hai - yadyapi ve nAgoddhAra kI ghaTanA ke prabala sAkSya nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM / 60. pAsaNAhacariu 10 / 13 / 110 - 112. 61: uttarapurANa 73 / 96-117. 62. (a) dekheM - bhagavAn pArzva : devendramuni zAstrI, pR0 80-83 // (ba) nAgI nAgazca samprAptasamabhAvau kumArataH babhUvatuhIndrazca tatpatnI ca pRthuzriyo tatastrizatsamAmAnakumAra samaye gate // --uttarapurANa 73 / 118-19 pR0 436-37. 63. ( a ) dharaNassa NaM nAgakumAridassa nAgakumAranno cha aggamahisIo paNNattAo taM jahA - AlA, sakkA, saterA, soyAmaNA iMdA dhaNavijjuyA / - sthAnAMga 35

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[ 73 ] (ba) ........."taM jahA 1 ilA 2 sukkA, 3 satArA 4 sodAmiNI 5 iMdA 6 ghnnvijjuyaa| -bhagavatI 105 (sa) ilA ..."evaM kamA saterA, soyAmaNI, indA, ghaNA, vijju yA vi savvAo eyAo dharaNassa aggyhisiio| -jJAtA0 2 / 3 / 1-6 (jJAtavya hai ki jJAtA meM 'sukkA' kA ullekha nahIM usake sthAna para ghanA-vidyutA ko alaga-alaga karake 6 kI saMkhyA pUrI kI gaI hai) '64. bhagavAn pArzva-devendramuni zAstrI, pR0 86 65. mahArAyagihAisu muNao khittAriesu viharisu / usabho nebhI pAso vIro a aNAriesupi / -Avazyakaniyukti 234 66. kurukauzalakAzI suhyAvaMtI puDra mAlavAn / aMga-baMga kaliMgAkhya paMcAlamagadhAbhidhAn / / vidarbha bhadra, zAkhya darzarNodIna bahunjinaH / vihAra mahAbhUtyA sanmArgadezinodyataH // -sakalakIrti, pArzvanAthacaritra 23, 18, 19, 15/76-85 67. (a) samavAo 818; 9 / 4; 1614; 23 / 3-4; 24 / 1; 3016; 38 / 1; 70 / 2; 95 / 3; 104 / 4 (ba) kalpasUtra, 149-156 (sa) Avazyakaniyukti 221,222, 250, 256, 290, 325, 381. (da) tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 548, 576, 666 68. caupannabhahApurisacariyaM 53 pR0 245-269 69. tiloyapaNNatti cautthomahAdhiyAro 70. (a) dekheM pArvAbhyudaya jinasena (ba) uttarapurANa (gupAbhadra) parva 73

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[ 74 ] 71. nAsAmbaratve na sitAmbaratve, na tarkavAde na ca tattvavAde / __ na pakSasevAzrayena mukti, kaSAya mukti kila muktireva / / 72. isibhAsiyAiM (RSibhASita)-adhyayana 31 / / 73. uttarAdhyayana, adhyAya 23 74. ahaM pi NaM goyamA! evamAikkhAmi, bhAsAmiA, paNNavemi, parU vemi-bhagavatI 2 / 5 / 110 75. rAjapraznIya sUtra 167-190 76. (a) sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 7 / 81 (ba) uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 23 / (sa) Avazyakaniyukti 1241-1243 77. isibhAsiyAI, adhyayana 31 78. vahI 79. vahI 80. sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 7 / 71-81 81. bhagavatI 9 // 32 // 379 82. isibhAsiyAI, adhyayana 31 83. bhagavatI 10 / 9 / 76 84. bhagavatI 2 / 5 / 110 85. dekheM-uttarAdhyayana 23 / 35-71 86. vahI 87. uttarAdhyayana 23 / 13, dekheM-isI gAthA kI zAntyAcArya kI TIkA 88. nigganthA eka sATakA majjhimanikAya mahAsiMhanAdasutta 1 / 1 / 2 89. savve vi emaiseNa niggayA jiNavarA-samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya 226 / 1 91. je bhikkhU tihiM vatthehiM parivusite pAyacautthehiM tassa NaM No evaM bhavati-cautthaM vatthaM jAissAmi / aha puNa evaM jANejjA uvAtikkate khalu hemaMte, gimhe paDivaNNe ahAparijuNNAI vatthAI pariThThavejjA, ahAparijuNNAI vatthAI pariTThavettA aduvA saMtaruttare aduvA omacele, aduvA egasADe,

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[ 75 ] aduvA acele / lAghaviyaM AgamamANe / tave se abhisamaNNagate bhavati / jahetaM bhagavatA paveditaM tameva abhisameccA. savvato savvatAe sammattameva smbhijaanniyaa| --AcArAMga 1 / 8 / 4 / 213-14 92. (a) RSibhASita-adhyAya 31 (ba) cAujjAmo ya jo dhammo jo imo pNcsikkhio| uttarAdhyayana 23 / 12 (sa) paMcajamA paThamaMtimajiNANa sesANa cattAri / -Avazyakaniyukti 236 93. evamege u pAsatthA, pannavaMti annaariyaa| itthIvasaMgayA bAlA, jiNasAsaNaparammuhA // jahA gaMDaM pilAgaM vA, paripIlejja muhuttagaM / evaM vinnavaNitthIsu, doso tattha kao siyA / -sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 3 / 4 / 9-10 94. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 6 / 28 95. ahAvare chaThe bhaMte ! vae rAI bhoyaNAo veramaNaM- dazavakAlika 416 96. (a) tae NaM se udae peDhAlaputte samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa aMtie cAujjAmAo dhammAo paMcamahavvaiyaM sapaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpajittA NaM viharai |-suutrkRtaaNg 2781 (ba) tae NaM se kAlasavesiyaputte....."sapaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpa jjittANaM viharai |-vyaakhyaaprjnyptisuutr 1 / 9 / 23 97. (a) paDhamaMtimANa duvigppo| sesANaM saamio'| -Avazyakaniyukti 236; . 'paDhamaMtimANa duvigappo'tti sAmAyikacchedopasthApanA vikalpaH / / - Avazyakaniyukti, haribhadrIyavRttiH 236

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[ 76 ] parihAra | paMca caraNAi 11 (ba) sAmAzyacAritaM taha suhumasaMparA duhaM paNa iarANaM tinni u sAmAiyasuhuma hakkhAyA / - 282-83 ( abhidhAna rAjendra pR0 2266 chaokTThANaM ahavAyaM 98 (a) sapaDikkamaNo dhammo, purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jiNassa / jiNANaM kAraNajAe paDikkamaNaM // majjhimayANa jo jA Avanno, sAhU annayarayaMmi ThANaMmi / so ta pakkima, majjhimANaM jiNavarANaM // bAvIsaM titthayarA, sAmAiyasaMjamaM uvahasaMti / oTThAvaNayaM puNa, vayanti usabho ya vIro ya // - Avazyaka niyukti 1241-1243 (ba) cauThANaThio kappo, chahi ThANehi~ aTThio / eso dhUyaraya kappo, dasaTTA patio ||6359 // uhi~ ThitA chahi aThitA, paDhamA bitiyA ThitA dasavihammi / vahamANA NivvisagA, jehi vahaM te u givviTThA // 6360 // sijjAyarapiMDe yA, cAujjAme ya purisajeTTe ya / kitikammassa ya karaNe, cattAri avaTTiyA kappA // / 6361 // Ace lakkuddesiya, sapaDikkamaNe ya rAyapiMDe ya / mAsaM pajjosavaNA, chaDappeta'NavaTThitA kappA // 6362 // : dasaThANaThito kappo, purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jiNassa / eso dhutarata kappo, dasaThANapatiTThito hoti / / 6363 / / Acelakkuddesiya, sijjAyara rAyapiMDa kitikamme / vata jeTTha paDikkamaNe, mAsaM pajjosavaNakappe // 6364|| duviho hoti acelo, saMtAcelo asaMtacelo ya / titthagara asaMtacelA, saMtAceLA bhave sesA ||6365 // sIsAveDhiyapattaM NadiuttaraNammi naggayaM beMti / juNNehi NaggiyA mI, tura sAliya ! dehi me poti / / 6366 // -- bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, SaSThavibhAga bhASyagAthA 6359-6366 prakAzaka zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara san 1942

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[ 77 ] tulanIya accelakkuddesiyasejjAhararAya piMDa vada jeTTha paDikkamaNaM mAsaM pajjo mUlAcAra - samayasArAdhikAraH 18 kidiyammaM / samaNakappo || 18 || (sa) junnehi~ khaMDiehi ya, asavvataNupAutehiM Na ya NiccaM / saMtehi vi NiggaMthA, acelagA hoMti celehiM / / 6367 // evaM duggata-pahitA, acelagA hoMti te bhave buddhI / te khalu asaMtatIe, dhareMti Na tu dhammabuddhIe / / 6368 / / Alavako dhammo, purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jiNassa / majjhimagANa jiNANaM, hoti acelo sacelo vA / / 6369 // bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya-SaSTha uddezaH 99. ( a ) teNaM kAle NaM teNaM samae NaM 'pAsAvaccijje kAlAsavesiyaputaLe NAme aNagAre / - bhagavatI 119 (ba) teNaM kAleNaM pAsAvaccijjA therA bhagavaMto / - bhagavatI 519 ( sa ) mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro pAsAvaccijjA samaNovAsagA. - AcArAMga 2 / 15 / 15 100 evamege u pAsatyA - sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 3 / 4/9 101. vahI 102. mithyAtvAdayo bandhahetavaH pAzA iva pAzAsteSu tiSThatIti pAzasthaH / pravacanasAroddhAra gAthA 104, vRtti patra 25 103 (a) sadanuSThAnAt pArzve tiSThantIti pArzvasthAH / - sUtrakRtAMga, zIlAMka TIkA 1 / 3 / 4 / 9 kI TIkA (ba) pArzve - taTe jJAnAdInAM yastiSThati sa pArzvasthaH / - pravacanasAroddhAra gAthA 104, vRtti patra 25 / 104. caritrasAra 105. panthAnaM pazyannapi tatsamIpe'myena kazcid gacchati, yathAsau mArgapArzvasthaH evaM niraticArasaMyamamArga jAnannapi na tatra

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[ 78 vartate, kiMtu saMyamamArgapArve tiSThati naikAntenAsaMyataH, na ca niraticArasaMyamaH so'bhidhIyate pArzvastha iti / zayyAdharapiNDamabhihitaM nityaM ca piNDaM bhuGkte pUrvAparakAlayordAtRsaMstava karoti, utpAdaneSaNAdoSaduSTaM vA bhuGkte, nityamekasyAM vasatauvasati, ekasminneva saMstare zete, ekasminneva kSetre vasati / gRhiNAM gRhAbhyantare niSadyAM karoti, gRhasthopakaraNarvyaharati duHpratilekhamapratilekhaM vA gRhNAti, sUcIkartarinakhacchedasaMdaMzanapaTTikAkSa rakarNazodhanAjinagrAhI, sIvanaprakSAlanAvadhUnanaraJjanAdibahuparikarmavyApRtazca vA pArzvasthaH / kSAracUrNaM sauvIralavaNasapirityAdikaM anAgADhakAraNe'pi gRhItvA sthApayan paarshvsthH| rAtrI yatheSTaM zete, saMstaraM ca yathAkAmaM bahutaraM karoti / upakaraNabakuzo dehabakuzaH-divase vA zete ca yaH pArzvasthaH / padaprakSAlanaM mrakSaNaM vA yatkAraNamantareNa karoti, yazca gaNopajIvI tRNapaJcakasevAparazca pArzvasthaH / ayamatra saMkSepaHayogyaM sukhazIlatayA yo niSevate kAraNamantareNa ca sarvathA pArzvasthaH / -bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 1944 kI TIkA / 106. pulAkabakuzakuzIlanirgranthasnAtakA nirgranthAH / -tatvArthasUtra 9 / 48 107. evamege u pAsatthA micchAdiTThI aNAriyA / ajjhovavaNNA kAmehiM pUyaNA iva trunne| __ -sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 3 / 4 / 13. 108. tae NaM sA kAlI ajjA pAsatthA pAsatthavihArI, osaNNA osaNNavihArI, kusIlA kusIlavihArI, ahAchaMdA, ahAchaMda vihArI, saMsattA sNsttvihaarii| -jJAtAdharmakathA 2 / 1 / 1 / 30 109. bhagavao mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro pAsAvaccijjA samaNovAsagA yAvi hotthA / -AcArAMga 2 / 15 / 15 110. uddae peDhAlaputte bhagavaMpAsAvaccijje / - sUtrakRtAMga 2017 111. pAsAvaccijje gaMgee nAmaM anngaare|-bhgvtii 9132 112. pAsAvaccijje kAlAsevesiyaputte nAma aNagAre / -bhagavatI 1019

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[ 79 ] *113. pAsAvaccijjA therA bhagavaMto - bhagavatI 5 / 9 114. isa prasaMga meM cAra pAzrvApatya sthaviroM kA ullekha hai -kAliyaputta, mehila, AnandarakSita aura kAzyapa / - bhagavatI 25 915. bhagavatI 25 116. rAjapraznIya *117. paTTAvalI samuccaya - upakezagacchIya paTTAvalI, pR0 184 118. dIghanikAya - payAsI sutta *119. tattha kumArAe saMnivese kUvaNao NAma kuMbhakAro, tassa kubhArAvaNe pAsAvaccijjA muNicaMdA NAma therA bahusutA bahuparivArA, te tattha parivasaMti AvazyakacUrNa, pUrvArdha, pR0285, Avazyaka niryukti 477. 120 pacchA taMbAyaM NAma gAmaM eti, tattha gaMdiseNA NAma therA bahussuyA bahuparivArA, te tattha jiNakappassa paDikammaM kareMti, 'pAsAva ccijjA imevi bAhiM par3imaM ThitA, gosAlo atigato. te AyariyA taddivasaM caukke paDimaM ThAyaMti, pacchA tahi ArakkhiyaputteNaM hiMDateNa corotti bhallaeNa Ahato, kevalaNANaM AvazyakacUNi, pUrvArdha, pR0 291. 121. tattha ya uppalo nAma pacchAkaDo parivvAo pAsAvaccijjo nemittio bhomauppAtasimiNaM talikkha- aGga - saralakkhaNa vaMjaNa aTThaga - mahAnimitta jANao jaNassa soUNa citeti / - vahI pR0 273. 122. (a) AvazyakacUNi, pUrvArdha, pR0 298 (ba) zrI pArzvaziSyA aSTAMganimitta jJAna paNDitA: gozAlasya militaH SaDamI projjitavratAH nAmnA zoNaH kAlindo'nyaH karNikArospuraH punaH acchidro'thAgnivezAmo'thAju naH paJcamottaraH / te'pyAravyuraSTAMga mahAnimittaM tasya sauhRdAt / - triSaSTi 10 / 4 / 134-36 123. bhagavaI 15 / 77

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[ 80 ] 124. bhagavaI 15 / 101 125. tattha ya somAjayaMtIo uppalassa bhagiNIo pAsAvaccijjAo do paribvAiyAto Na taraMti pavvajjaM kAUNa tAhe parivvAiyattaM kareti / - Avazyaka cUrNi pUrvArdha pR0 286 126. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pAsAvaccijje gaMgee nAmaM aNagAre jeNeva samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre teNeva uvAgacchai, teNeva uvAgacchattA samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa adUrasAmaMte ThiccA samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM evaM vayAsI / - bhagavaI 9 / 32 127. vahI 9 / 32 / 134 128. paTTAvalI samuccaya upa kezagaccha paTTAvalI pR0 177 - 194, zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA, (gujarAta) 129. therANaM therabhUmipattANaM kappati daMDae vA, bhaMDae vA, chattae vA, mattae vA, laTThiyaM vA, bhisi vA, cele vA, celacilimili vA, cammaM vA, cammakosaM vA, cammapalichaeNaM / - vyavahArasUtra 815 130. On this assumption we can account for the division of the Church in Svetambaras and Digambaras... There was apparently no sudden rupture but an original diversity ripened into division and in the end brought about the great schism. -The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV p. XXII 131. dekheM - (a) bhagavAna buddha, jIvana aura darzana - dharmAnanda kausambI, lokabhAratI prakAzana 1982 pR0 72 (ba) majjhimanikAya mahAsohanAda sutta 132. pAithAgorasa kI saMsthA (Society) mukhya rUpa se kisI darzanavizeSa kI pITha (School) nahIM thI / vAstava meM vaha eka

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[ 81 ] prakAra kA naitika dharma aura dhArmika saMgha ( order ) thA / unameM do siddhAnta pramukha the / pahalA AtmA ke punarjanma kA siddhAnta aura dUsarA bhavacakra athavA karmavAda kA siddhAMta / AtmA kI amaratA meM pAithegorasa kA aTUTa vizvAsa thA / prAktana karmoM se yaha jIvana banA hai aura isa jIvana meM karma bhaviSya ke jIvana kA nirmANa kareMge / saMsAra janma-maraNa kA cakra hai aura mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki vaha apane kartavyoM dvArA isa bhava-cakra se mukti prApta kareM / pAithegorasa ke naitika vicAra paryApta kaThora haiN| usane apane saMgha ke sadasyoM ke jIvana meM tyAga, tapasyA aura saMyama para vizeSa dhyAna diyaa| mAMsa khAnA bilakula hI varjita thA / yahA~ taka ki maTara, sema aura lobiyA kI phaliyoM ke khAne kI bhI manAhI thii| virati, saMyama, indriya-nigraha aura mitAcAra unake jIvana ke mukhya aMga the / ve eka viziSTa prakAra kA vastra pahanate the / unhoMne batAyA ki zarIra AtmA ke lie eka bandI gRha hai aura hameM usase mukti kA upAya DhU~r3hanA cAhie / - grIka darzana kA vaijJAnika itihAsa (pro0 jagadIza sahAya ) pR0 58-50 prakAzaka kitAba maNDala 1960 133. dekheM - paTTAvalIsa mukhcaya ( darzanavijaya ), upakezagaccha paTTAvalI pR0 177 - 194.

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Ao baiTheM kareM vicAra -DA0 mahendra sAgara pracaNDiyA prANa tattva jo svayaM pUrNa hai, usake binA jaga apUrNa hai, prANa tattva paryAya prApta kara Ao baiTheM kareM kahalAtA prANI saMsAra / vicAra | sukhI svarga hai, duHkhI nArakI, cintA pazugati meM sudhAra kI, samAdhAna ke lie manuja gati, dharma-dhyAna jisakA AdhAra / Ao baiTheM kareM vicAra // hama karttA karmoM ke apane, hama hI haiM bhoktA pakSa jitane, jaise boe bIja mileMge, vaise hI pakSa do-do cAra / Ao baiTheM kareM vicAra // hama nimitta ko doSI ThaharAte, upAdAna ko kAma na lAte, donoM ke saMyoga sAtha se, calA sadA kArmika vyApAra / Ao baiThe kareM vicAra // zrAvaka banatA samatA zrama se, prANI pronnati pAtA krama se, zuddha aura zubha upayogoM ke haiM Avazyaka priya sadAcAra | Ao baiTheM kareM vicAra || vasu karmoM kA vizva khela hai, bAhara - bhItara yahA~ jela hai, kuzala khilAr3I karma kATa, karatA hai apanA bhava sudhAra / Ao baiTheM kareM vicAra // +

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