Rajasthani Jain Sahitya

Author(s): Manmohanswarup Mathur
Publisher: Rajasthani Granthagar
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022847/1

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya edaaylpaanmnikrjomaavaanjaanunnimaamaamuvidaanaakmkpttmkaakraanaadaatkjnaapvaataa|| kapAnAghamubhavAnanAAvadhAdirAnusamarapatrinuvanadhaNAnAmumanarantaratArizakAvasAyaratamatAMchakAjA dAThAharavAnaMtanAgamayegauttedAyajanAtayataMjaraganagavaMtAzakAnepharannAnApiejItirunarakaraha yaharakAparasravatAMjaNavemurApaujAmivakanaradyasurakAzAlAyaNanAmApadhAnAjAvakalarasamA zirArupAlaSaNAmAmatAjAAesaepamAdhikAra"IFROI'samakAlidAhilajanAmadhyarusaMjogAcara mAraputrAbaTanahAnAgArApravAIralogApAsatiNamayAgaliyAparaNAnApAphyAlojAbhAbAphyA galibAjatAjAbAlakakahAnikajanadhananadhamasijhakarurajAghAparApaNAvAtAsAmAvArA najasjAAsAMsapamyamidhyAtajAejANapagarakarAnAbolpAbubAlAratenekAgajamAvatAnA hAsyajanamaniTAlAmArutagavaMtatAute kirujAAkitAMmuLakaraNAetagajapAghaprakizvarUjA sibalavimAsaNatehAtAprApappukarujAAjANalogamAtApaNinakarUMparamAdAjAbhAmAina dRSTAMtANataNAkAlAntaramahaMlahyAnAtAnarananamnAkArApaNiparamAdiraMpAmAyAjAkirujakA sNypokaa||1||ayijaaeNuttssttiiksNjaa udyatakarUyadihArarAdhArajajIvadharajAApotarabaUsasArara taruNAsahajapAumurugrApAjAAnagamaranumAvAtAparanidAtAdhakAjAjAyaraninAtika paakiriyaakrtaadrihlaanaagaalvaayaagrjaavaadhrmpssaapmpjjaanrgrNkrispraav||4 F-jAgaDhatAuNakIkahajAtijaharakhUnisadAsAkaritamAnulAkarurajAtanamaniyApurA // rANavAdataragAvidyAtaNAjApararaMjaNaMupadasAmanasavegadhasvajAkimasasArataresighAta pAsUtasidhAtavaSANatAjAsugatAkaramavivAgAdhipaTakamanamAhipajajAmumarakaMvaTAgA DaoN. manamohanasvarUpa mAthura

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya DaoN. manamohanasvarUpa mAthura asisTeMTa prophesara rAjasthAnI-vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura rAjasthAnI granthAgAra, jodhapura

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prakAzaka : rAjasthAnI granthAgAra sojatI geTa, jodhapura phona : (kAryAlaya) 623933 (nivAsa) 432567 prathama saMskaraNa : 1999 . (c) surakSita * mUlya : eka sau pacAsa rupaye mAtra (150.00) * lejara TAipaseTiMga : e.sI.sI. kampyU Tara 202, amara caimbarsa, olampika roDa jAlorI geTa, jodhapura mudraka : esa.ena. priNTarsa, M-72, navInazahAdarA, dillI-32 . RAJASTHANI JAIN SAHITAYA By: Dr. Manmohan Swaroop Mathur Published by: RAJASTHANI SAHITYA SANSTHAN First Edition : 1999 Rs. 150.00

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purovAk purovAk - rAjasthAna sAhitya aura saMskRti se sampanna bhArata kA pramukha rAjya hai| isa pradeza ke zAsakoM ne samaya-samaya para vividha dharmoM-sampradAyoM ko saMrakSaNa evaM prazraya dekara inakA sammAna kiyaa| isI bhAvanA ke pariNAma svarUpa yahA~ anya dharmoM kI bhA~ti jaina dharma ko bhI pallavita hone kA avasara prApta huA / pramANoM ke AdhAra para rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kA pracAra dUsarI zatAbdI se hI AraMbha ho gayA thA / jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ne yahA~ kI sAhitya-sampadA kI aura zrIvRddhi kii| jainadharma se sambandhita vibhinna zAkhA-prazAkhAoM ke yatiyoM, muniyoM, AcAryoM ne apane sampradAya se sambandhita sAhitya kA sRjana vividha sAhityika vidhAoM meM likhA, jo yahAM ke vibhinna graMthAlayoM meM saMgrahIta-saMrakSita hai / isa sAhitya kI bhASA saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI athavA marU-garjarI hai / ina vipula jaina graMthoM ko dekhakara kisI bhI zodhArthI meM unake anveSaNa kI bhAvanA svataH hI sphUrita ho sakatI hai| isI bhAvanA ne mujhe jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana-anveSaNa kI ora prerita kiyaa| isake prathama puSpa ke rUpa meM maiMne jaina kavi kuzalalAbha aura unake sAhitya para apanI pI-eca.DI. kI upAdhi hetu zodha-prabandha prastuta kiyaa| isa zodha kArya ke samaya aneka viSayoM aura AyAmoM ne merA sparza kiyA aura mujhe prerita kiyA ki jaba-taba maiM kucha zodhaparaka kArya karUM to una viSayoM ko maiM Alokita karuM / isa icchA kI pUrti maiMne vibhinna avasaroM para Ayojita semInAroM meM tatsambandhI zodha-patroM ko prastuta karake kI / ina zodha lekhoM kA saMgraha hI yaha graMtha "rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya" hai| jaisA ki maiM spaSTa kara cukA hU~ ki yahA~ jaina racanAkAroM kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza bhASAeM bhI rahI haiM, kiMtu maiMne mAtra jainiyoM kI rAjasthAnI racanAoM kA hI sparza kiyA hai / kAraNa, rAjasthAnI meM hI jainiyoM ne apane RSi-muniyoM, tIrthaMkaroM, guruoM se sambandhita vyApaka sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA / yadi vahI sAhitya

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[ii] rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya prakAza meM A jAya to vaha hamArI saMskRti kA paricaya de sakane meM samartha hogaa| jaina racanAkAroM ne apanI racanAoM ke viSaya dharma, darzana, tIrthaMkaroM Adi ke caritroM ko banAyA / saiddhAntika aura sAhityika sabhI viSayoM ko ina racanAkAroM ne bar3e kauzala ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA hai| inakI racanA zailI sAhitya jagat meM jaina zailI nAma se jAnI jAtI hai / prastuta graMtha ke dasaveM zodha lekha meM isa zailI kA yathA-prasaMga ullekha kiyA gayA haiM 1 sampUrNa grantha meM rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya se saMbaMdhita gyAraha zodha-nibandha saMkalita haiN| inameM prathama Alekha rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya ke svarUpa ko nirUpita karatA hai / rAjasthAnI jaina racanAkAroM ne ina sabhI vidhAoM para zreSTha racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA / jaina dharma zramaNa-saMskRti kA pramukha aMga hai / isI saMskRti ke samAja ko citrita karatA hai isa saMgraha kA dUsarA zodha- nibandha | rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya mUlataH dhArmika sAhitya hai, jisakA nirmANa jaina yatiyoM-muniyoM ne kiyA / isa sAhitya kA mUla lakSya jaina samAja meM zramaNa-saMskRti kA pracAra-prasAra karanA thA, ataH loka pracalita DhAloM aura rAgoM ke mAdhyama se upAsaroM meM yaha sAhitya gAyA aura sunA jAtA thA / inhIM rAgoM kA vivecana tIsare zodha Alekha meM prastuta hai / jaina bhakti kA mUla lakSya zama kI prApti hai| isakI upalabdhi ke lie jaina racanAkAra sarvaprathama apane nAyaka - tIrthaMkara RSi, caritanAyakoM kA zrRMgAra se sarAbora citraNa karatA hai / taduparAnta usameM vairAgya utpanna kara use saMnyAsa meM avagAhita karatA hai / inhIM pravRttiyoM se sambandhita unakI premakhyAna racanAeM hai / graMtha meM sammilita cauthA, chaThA aura dasavAM zodha Alekha isI ora saMketa karate haiM / yadyapi jaina dharma ahiMsAvAdI hai kintu ziva aura zakti kI avadhAraNA ko isa dharma meM pUrNa svIkRti hai| 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI adhiSThAtrI deviyoM ke rUpa meM yahAM 24 deviyoM kA ullekha huA hai / ina deviyoM se sambandhita aneka rAjasthAnI racanAeM milatI haiM / inhIM sabakI vistAra ke sAtha graMtha meM saMkalita pAMcaveM zodha Alekha meM carcA kI gaI hai| isa sArasvata racanA ke AThaveM aura naveM Alekha kA apanA mahatva hai| AThaveM Alekha meM rAjasthAnI kAvyazAstra se sambandhita carcA kI gaI hai aura naveM adhyAya meM rAjasthAna ke mahatvapUrNa madhyakAlIna janapada ahicchatrapura aura vartamAna nAgaura maNDala ke jaina racanAkAroM evaM racanAoM kA aitihAsika itivRtta prastuta kiyA gayA I

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purovAk prastuta graMtha meM saMkalita zodha nibandhoM kI sAmagrI maiMne rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra, hariyANA aura paMjAba ke rAjakIya evaM nijI saMgrahAlayoM se jaba-taba prApta kI hai| inheM zIghra evaM sahaja rUpa se sulabha karavAne ke liye sambandhita saMgrahAlayoM kA maiM hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / sAmagrI ke vivecana aura vizleSaNa meM mujhe pUjya guruvara (pro.) narottamadAsa svAmI, jaina sAhitya marmajJa sva. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke pUta AzIrvAda ke sAtha hI sarvAdhika sahayoga DaoN. brajamohana jAvaliyA (udayapura) kA milA / ve mere gurU aura agraja tulya haiM, ataH unake prati AbhAra jJApita karanA dhRSTatA hogii| bhAI zrI brajezakumAra siMha kA maiM AbhAra kina zabdoM meM abhivyakta karUM, jinhoMne isa sAmagrI ko merI suvidhAnusAra zIghra TaMkita kara yathAsamaya mujhe de dii| rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya se sambandhita itanI sArI sAmagrI eka sAtha pustakAkAra meM prakAzita ho sudhI vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta ho, yahI isa pustaka ke prakAzana kA lakSya hai| (DaoN.) manamohana svarUpa mAthura

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. viSaya-sUcI purovAk. rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina - racanAoM meM sAmAjika itihAsa saMdarbha (vi. saM. 1600 - vi. saM. 1900). rAjasthAnI jaina - kAvya meM saMgIta-tattva rAjasthAnI kI jaina - premAkhyAnaka racanAe~. jaina- deviyAM evaM tatsambandhI jaina - racanAe~ sthUlabhadra - kathA aura tatsambandhI rAjasthAnI racanAe~ rAjasthAnI kI pramukha jaina kAvyazAstrIya racanAe~. nAgaura janapada ke pramukha jaina kavi aura unakI racanAoM meM citrita aitihAsika saMdarbha . jaina sAhitya meM agar3adatta kathA paramparA evaM kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adatta-rAsa 10. vAcaka kuzalalAbha kA jaina sAhitya ko yogadAna 11. terApaMtha : racanAkAra evaM racanAe~ pariziSTa. i-iii 1-16 17-26 27-30 31-51 52-63 64-71 72-76 77-87 88-98 99-104 105-113 114-116

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA vizva-phalaka para rAjasthAna kI bhUmi gauravapUrNa vividha raMgoM ko grahaNa kiye hue hai / veza-bhUSA, khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana, bhASA Adi meM vividha sAMskRtika cetanA ko samanvita karane vAlA yaha akelA pradeza hai| yahA~ durgAeM aura sarasvatI eka hI paTala para virAjamAna hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjasthAna ke aNu-aNu meM jhaMkRta raNa-kaMkaNa kI dhvani aura khar3agoM kI khanakhanAhaTa ke samAna hI yahA~ ke nagara-nagara, grAma-grAma meM avasthita jJAna-bhaNDAroM meM tathA jana-jihvA para sarasvatI-sevakoM kI girA surakSita hai| ina jJAna-bhaNDAroM meM baiThakara rAjasthAna ke mUrdhanya jaina vidvAnoM ne vibhinna viSayoM para sAhitya-nirmANa kiyA jinameM unake dvArA viracita bhakti-sAhitya kA apanA viziSTa mahatva hai| rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke pracAra kI jAnakArI hameM mahAvIra svAmI ke lagabhaga eka zatI bAda se hI milane lagatI hai| pAMcavI-chaThI zatAbdI taka yaha vyApaka rUpa se phaila gyaa| yahI dharma nirantara vikasita hotA huA Aja rAjasthAna kI bhUmi para svarNima rUpa se AcchAdita hai| rAjasthAna meM madhyamikA nagarI ko prAcInatama jaina nagara kahA jAtA hai / karaher3A, udayapura, raNakapura, delavAr3A (mAuNTa AbU), delavAr3A (udayapura), jaisalamera, nAgadA Adi sthAnoM meM nirmita jaina-mandira rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ko siddha karate haiN| rAjasthAna ke sAhityika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, vyApArika aura sAmAjika sabhI kSetroM meM yahAM ke jainiyoM kA apUrva yogadAna rahA hai| rAjasthAna meM jainiyoM dvArA likhita sAhitya kI paramparA kA AraMbha 5 vIM-6 ThI 1. majjhamikA, prathama aMka, 1973 I. (DA. brajamohana jAvaliyA kA lekha)

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya zatAbdI se mAnA jA sakatA hai| ye muni prAkRta-bhASA meM sAhitya likhate the| prathama jaina sAhityakAra kA gaurava bhI rAjasthAna kI bhUmi ko hI prApta kahA jAtA hai / AcArya siddhasena divAkara rAjasthAna ke prAcInatama sAhityakAra the| rAjasthAna ke jaina muniyoM ko sAhitya ke lie prerita kiyA yahAM kI rAjyAzraya pravRtti, dharmabhAvanA evaM guru aura tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAvotkarSaka mUrtiyoM ne / jaina paramparA meM upAdhyAya pada kI icchA ne bhI ina muniyoM ko zreSTha sAhitya kI racanA ke lie prerita kiyaa| isa prakAra zramaNa-saMskRti ke pariNAmasvarUpa rAjasthAna kI isa pavitra gauravAnvita bhUmi para utkRSTa koTi kA jaina-dhArmika sAhitya kA bhI apanI viziSTa zailiyoM meM sRjana hone lgaa| apanI sAhityika viziSTatA ke kAraNa yaha sAhitya jaina-zailI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina zailI ke adyatana pramukha sAhityakAroM ke nAma haiM--AcArya siddhasena, AcArya haribhadra, udyotanasUri, jinezvarasUri, mahezvarasUri, jinadattasUri, zAlibhadrasUri, nemicandra sUri, guNamAla muni, vinayacandra, somamUrti, ambadeva sUri, jinapadma sUri, taruNaprabhasUri, merutanaMdana, rAjezvara sUri, jayazekharasUri, hIrAnanda sUri, ratnamaNDana gaNi, jayasAgara, kuzalalAbha, samayasuMdara gaNi, Thakkura pheru, jayasiMha muni, vAcaka kalyANatilaka, vAcaka kuzaladhIra, hIrakalaza muni, mAladevasUri, nemicanda bhaNDArI, AcArya zrI kAlUrAmajI, AcArya zrI tulasI, AcArya zrI ghAsIrAmajI, AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI prabhRti / ina sabhI sAhityakAroM ne yoM to jaina dharma se sambandhita racanAoM kA hI sRjana kiyA, jinakA pradhAna rasa zAnta hai, kiMtu gaharAI ke sAtha adhyayana ke uparAnta yaha sAhitya janopayogI bhI siddha hotA hai| jIvana se sambandhita vividha viSaya evaM sRjana kI vividha vidhAeM isa sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI hai / yadyapi isa sAhitya meM kalAtmakatA kA abhAva avazya hai, kintu bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se samasta rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya zodha ke lie vyApaka kSetra prastuta karatA hai| isake atirikta 13-15 vIM zatAbdI taka ke jainettara rAjasthAnI grantha svataMtra rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hai, usakI pUrti bhI rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya karatA hai| 17 vIM zatAbdI rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kA svarNakAla kahA jAnA caahie| isa samaya taka gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI bhASAoM meM bhI kAphI antara A cukA thaa| kintu jaina sAdhuoM ke vihAra donoM prAntoM meM hone se tathA unakI paryaTana-pravRtti ke 1. pUjya pravartaka zrI ambAlAla jI mahArAja abhinandana graMtha, pR. 199

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa- paramparA kAraNa yaha antara lakSita nahIM hotA thA / vividha kAvya rUpa aura viSaya aba taka pUrNataH vikasita ho cuke the| zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA ne ina kAvya rUpoM athavA vidhAoM kI saMkhyA nimnalikhita 117 zIrSakoM meM batAI haiM 3 (1) rAsa, (2) saMdhi, (3) caupAI, (4) phAgu, (5) dhamAla, (6) vivAhalo, (7) dhavala, (8) maMgala, (9) veli, (10) saloka, (11) saMvAda, (12) vAda, (13) jhagar3o, (14) mAtRkA, (15) bAvanI, (16) kachA, ( 17 ) bArahamAsA, (18) caumAsA, (19) kalaza, (20) pavAr3A, (21) carcarI, (22) janmAbhiSeka, (23) tIrthamAlA, (24) caitya paripATI, (25) saMgha varNana, (26) DhAla, (27) DhAliyA, (28) cauDhAliyA (29) chaDhAliyA, (30) prabandha, ( 31 ) caritra, (32) sambandha, (33) AkhyAna, (34) kathA, ( 35 ) sataka, (36) bahottarI, (37) chattIsI, (38) sattarI, (39) battIsI, ( 40 ) ikkIsI, ( 41 ) ikattIso, (42) caubIso (43) bIsI, (44) aSTaka, ( 45 ) stuti, ( 46 ) stavana, ( 47 ) stotra, (48) gIta, ( 49 ) sajjhAya, ( 50 ) caityavaMdana, (51) devavandana, ( 52 ) vInatI, ( 53 ) namaskAra, (54) prabhAtI, (55) maMgala, (56) sAMjha, (57) badhAvA, (58) gahUMlI, (59) hIyAlI, (60) gUr3hA, (61) gaz2ala, (62) lAvaNI (63) chaMda, (64) nIsAMNI, (65) navaraso, (66) pravahaNa, (67) pAraNo, (68) bAhaNa, (69) paTTAvalI, (70) gurvAvalI, (71) hamacar3I, (72) hIMca, (73) mAla-mAlikA, (74) nAmamAlA, (75) rAgamAlA, (76) kulaka, (77) pUjA, (78) gItA, (79) paTTAbhiSeka, (80) nirvANa, (81) saMyama (82) zrI vivAha - varNana (82) bhAsa (83) pada, ( 84 ) maMjarI, (85) rasAvalI, (86) rasAyana, ( 87 ) rasalaharI, (88) candrAvalA, (89) dIpaka (90) pradIpikA, (91) phular3A, (92) jor3a, (93) parikrama, (94) kalpalatA, (95) lekha (96) viraha, (97) maMdar3I, (98) sata, (99) prakAza, (100) horI, (101) taraMga, (102) taraMgiNI, (103) cauka, (104) huMDI, (105) haraNa, (106) vilAsa, (107) garabA, (108) bolI, (109) amRtadhvani, (110) hAlariyo, (111) rasoI, (112) kar3A, (113) jhUlaNA, (114) jakar3I, (115) dohA, (116) kuMDaliyA, (117) chappaya / 1 ina nAmoM meM vivAha, stotra, vaMdana, abhiSeka, Adi se sambandhita nAmoM kI punarAvRtti huI hai| isake atirikta vilAsa, rasAyana, viraha, garabA, jhUlaNA prabhRti kAvya-vidhAe~ carita, kathA- kAvya evaM Rtu sambandhI kAvya rUpa meM hI samAhita ho jAte haiM / ataH ina sabhI kAvyoM kA moTe rUpa meM isa prakAra vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai-- 1. bhAratIya vidyA mandira, bIkAnera- prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paramparA, pR. 2-3

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 1. padya(ka) prabandha kAvya-(a) kathA carita kAvya-rasa, AkhyAna, caritra, vilAsa, caupAI, saMdhi, sambandha, prakAza, rupaka, gAthA ityAdi / (A) RtukAvya-phAgu, dhamAla, bArahamAsA, caumAsA, chamAsA, viraha, horI, cauka, carcarI, jhUlaNA ityAdi / (i) utsavakAvya-vivAha, maMgala, mUMdar3I, garabA, phular3A, hAlariyo, dhavala, janmAbhiSeka, bdhaavaa| (kha) muktaka kAvya-(a) dhArmika tIrthamAlA, saMgha-varNana, pUjA, vinatI, caityaparipATI, DhAla, mAtRkA, namaskAra, parabhAti, stotra, nirvANa, chaMda, gIta Adi / (A) nItiparaka-kakkA battIsI, bAvanI, zataka, kulaka, salokA, bolI, gUr3hA aadi| (i) vividha muktaka racanAe~--gIta, gaz2ala, lAvaNI, hamacar3hI, hIca, chaMda, pravahaNa, bhAsa, nIsANI, bahottarI, chattIsI, ikkIso Adi saMkhyAtmaka kAvya, zAstrIya kaavy| 2. gadya TabbA, bAlAvabodha, gurvAvalI, paTTavAlI, vihAra-patra, samAcArI, vijJapti, sIkha, kathA, khyAta, TIkA grantha ityAdi / jaina sAhitya kI ina vidyAoM meM se katipaya kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai| padya kAvya (1) rAsau kAvya : rAsa, rAsaka, rAso, rAisau, rAyasau, rAyar3a, rAsu Adi nAmoM se rAsau nAmaparaka racanAeM milatI haiM / vastutaH bhASA ke parivartana ke anusAra vibhinna kAloM meM ye nAma pracalita rhe| vidvAnoM ne rAsau kI utpatti vibhinna rUpoM meM prastuta kI hai| AcArya zukla bIsaladeva rAso ke AdhAra para 'rasAina' zabda se rAso kI utpatti mAnate haiN| prathama itihAsa lekhaka gArsedatAsI ne 'rAjasUya' zabda se rAsau kI utpatti mAnI hai|2 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 32

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA DA. dazaratha ojhA rAsau zabda ko saMskRta ke zabda se vyutpanna na mAnakara dezI bhASA kAhI zabda mAnate haiM, jise bAda meM vidvAnoM ne saMskRta se vyutpanna mAna liyA hai| 1 DA. motIlAla menAriyA rAsau kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM- " caritakAvyoM" meM rAsau grantha mukhya hai / jisa kAvya grantha meM kisI rAjA kI kIrti, vijaya, yuddha, vIratA Adi kA vistRta varNana ho, use rAso kahate haiM | 2 niSkarSa rUpa meM rAsau rasAina zabda se vyutpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai / jaina-sAhitya ke saMdarbha meM ye laukika aura zRMgArika gIta racanAeM haiM, jisameM jainiyoM ne aneka carita kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyA / ye rAsau kAvya zRMgAra se Arambha hokara zAntarasa meM pariNata hote hai / yahI jaina rAsau kAvya kA uddezya hai / isa paramparA meM likhe hue pramukha rAsau grantha haiM - vikramakumAra rAsa (sAdhukIrti ) 3, vikramasena rAsa ( udayabhAnu) 4, beyarasvAmI rAsa (jayasAgara) 5, zreNika rAjA no rAsa (depAla), naladavadaMtI rAsa (RSivarddhana suri) 7, zakuntalA rAsa (dharmasamudra gaNi) 8, tetalI maMtrI rAsa (sahajasuMdara) vastupAla - tejapAla rAsa (pArzvacaMdra sUri)10, caMdanabAlA rAsa (vinayasamudra) 11, jinapAlita jinarakSita rAsa ( kanakasoma) 12, tejasAra rAsa, agar3adatta rAsa ( kuzalalAbha) 13, aMjanAsundarIrAsa (upAdhyAya guNavinaya) 14 1. 2. 3. 4. hindI nATakaH udbhava aura vikAsa, pR. 70 (dvitIya saMskaraNa) rAjasthAna kA piMgala sAhitya, pR. 24 (1952 I.) jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 34-35 vahI, pR. 113 vahI, pR. 27 vahI, pR. 37, bhAga 3, pR. 446, 496 jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 750, 768 jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 116, bhAga 3, pR. 548 9. vahI bhAga 1, pR. 120, bhAga 3, pR. 557 10. vahI bhAga 1, 139 pR., bhAga 3, pR. 586 11. rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 5 aMka 9 janavarI 1956 5. 6. 7. 8. 5 12. yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri, pR. 194-95 13. manamohanasvarUpa mAthura - kuzalalAbha; vyaktitva aura kRtitva, pR. 27 14. zodha patrikA, bhAga 8 aMka 2-3, 1956 I.

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya (2) caupAI (caupaI, caupAI) : rAsau vidhA ke pazcAta jaina-sAhitya meM sarvAdhika racanAeM caupAI nAma se milatI hai| yaha nAma chanda ke AdhAra para hai / caupAI samamAtrika chanda hai, jisake pratyeka caraNa meM pandraha evaM solaha mAtrAeM hotI hai| ___ 17 vIM zatAbdI taka rAsau aura caupAI paraspara paryAya rUpa meM prayukta hone lge| kucha ullekhanIya caupAI kAvya nimnalikhita haiM--paMcadaNDa caupAI (1556 ajJAta kavi)', purandara caupaI (mAladeva), caMdana rAjA malayAgirI caupAI (hIravizAla ke ziSya dvArA racita)3, caMdanabAlA carita caupAI (depAla)', mRgAvatI caupAI (vinayasamudra), amarasena vayarasena caupAI (rAjazIla), mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA caupAI, DholA-mAravaNI caupAI, bhImasena haMsarAja caupAI (kuzalalAbha)8, devadatta caupAI (mAladeva),ASADha bhUti caupAI (kanakasoma)10, gorAbAdala padminI caupAI (hemaratna sUri)11, guNasundarI caupaI (guNavinaya)121 (3) sandhi kAvya : __ apabhraMza mahAkAvyoM ke artha meM saMdhi zabda kA prayoga hotA thaa| mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa batAte hue hemacandra ne kahA hai ki saMskRta mahAkAvya sargoM meM, prAkRta AzvAsoM 1. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR.99 2. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR.98-100 3. kalpanA-disambara, 1957, pR.81 4. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 37 . 5. rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 5, aMka 1, janavarI, 1956 6. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, pR. 539 7. saM. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI-Ananda kAvya mahodadhi, mau.7 8. elar3I. iMsTITyuTa, ahamadAbAda, hastalikhita graMtha 943 9. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga-2 10. yugapradhAna zrI jinacaMdra sUri, pR. 194-95 11. rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura (prakAzita) 12. zodha patrikA, bhAga 8, aMka 2-3, 1956 I.

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA meM apabhraMza saMdhiyoM meM evaM grAma skandhoM meM nibaddha hotA hai / bhASA-kAvya (rAjasthAnI) meM saMdhi nAma kI racanAeM 14 vIM zatAbdI se milane lagatI hai| katipaya saMdhi kAvya isa prakAra hai-AnaMda saMdhi (vinayacaMda), kezI gautama saMdhi (kalyANatilaka), naMdanamaNihAra saMdhi (cArucaMdra), udAharaNarSi saMdhi, rAjakumAra saMdhi (saMyamamUrti), subAhu saMdhi (puNyasAgara), jinapAlita jinarakSita saMdhi, harikezI saMdhi (kanakasoma), causaraNa prakIrNaka saMdhi (cAritrasiMha), bhAvanA saMdhi (jayasoma) anAthI saMdhi (vimalavinaya), kayavalA saMdhi (gunnviny)| (4) prabandha, carita, sambandha, AkhyAna, kathA, prakAza, vilAsa, gAthA ityAdiH ye sabhI nAma prAyaH eka dUsare ke paryAya hai| jo graMtha jisake sambandha meM likhA gayA hai, use usake nAma sahita uparyukta saMjJAeM dI jAtI haiN| ina nAmoM se sambandhita kucha kAvya racanAoM ke nAma hai- bhoja carita (mAladeva), aMbaDa carita (vinayasuMdara), navakAraprabandha (depAla), bhojaprabandha (mAladeva), kAlikAMcArya kathA, ASADhabhUti caupAI sambandha (kanakasoma)8 vidyA-vilAsa (hIrAnanda sUri) / (5) pavAr3o aura pavAr3A : ___ pavAr3A zabda kI vyutpatti bhI vivAdAspada hai| DA. satyendra, ise paramAra zabda se vyutpanna mAnate haiM / 10 pavAr3oM meM vIroM ke parAkrama kA prayoga hotA hai / 11 yaha mahArASTra kA prasiddha lokachanda bhI hai / baMgAlI meM varNAtmaka kavitA athavA lambI kavitA ke 1. DA. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR.237 2. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 37 3. DA. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya 4. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR.305 5. rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 5, aMka 1 janavarI 1956 I. 6. jaina gurjara kavio,pR.37 7. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR.98-100 8. yugapradhAna zrI jinacaMdra sUri, pR.194-85 9. DA. mAhezvarI-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR. 248 10. marUbhAratI, varSa 1, aMka 3, saM. 2010 11. kalpanA, varSa 1, aMka 1, 1949 I.(hiMdI aura marAThI sAhitya-pAcaveM)

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kathAtmaka bhAga ko payAra kahate haiM / baMgAlI meM bhI yaha eka chanda hai / payAra kI utpatti saMskRta ke pravAda se mAnI jAtI hai|' DA. maMjulAla ra.majumadAra ke anusAra pavAr3o vIra kA prazasti kAvya hai| racanAbandha kI dRSTi se vividha tatvo ke AdhAra para ve AsAita ke haMsAvalI prabandha, bhIma ke sadayavatsavIra prabandha tathA zAlibhadrasUri ke virATa parva ke antargata mAnate haiN|2 pavAr3A ke lie pravAr3A zabda kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| isa prakAra pavAr3A yA pavAr3o kA prayoga kIrti-gAthA, vIragAthA, kathAkAvya athavA carita kAvyoM ke lie prayukta kiyA jAne vAlA zabda hai jisakI vyutpatti saMskRta ke pravAda zabda se mAnI jA sakatI hai--saM.pravAda-prA.pavAa = pvaadd'a-pvaadd'o| cAraNa sAhitya meM isakA prayoga bahudhA vIra-gAthAoM ke lie huA hai tathA jaina sAhitya meM dhArmika RSi-muniyoM ke varcasva ko pratipAdita karane vAle graMthoM ke lie| jaina sAhitya meM isa nAma kI prathama racanA hIrAnandasUri racita vidyAvilAsa pavAr3A (vi.saM. 1485) ko mAnA jAtA hai| aisI hI anya kRti hai-baMkacUla pavAr3o (jJAnacaMdra) / (6) DhAla : kisI kAvya ke gAne kI tarja yA dezI ko DhAla kahate haiN| 17 vIM zatAbdI se jaba rAsa, caupAI Adi lokagItoM kI deziyoM meM race jAne lage taba unako DhAlabaMdha kahA jAne lgaa| prabandha kAvyoM meM DhAloM ke prayoga ke kAraNa hI isakA varNana prabandha kAvya kI vidhA meM kiyA jAtA hai, anyathA yaha pUrNataH muktaka kAvya kI vidhA hai| jaina-sAhitya meM aneka bhajanoM kA DhAloM meM praNayana huaa| mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne lagabhaga 2500 deziyoM kI sUcI dI hai| kucha pramukha DhAloM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-DhAla velI nI, DhAla mRgAMkalekhA nI, DhAla saMdhi nI, DhAla vAhalI, DhAla sAmerI, DhAla ullaalaa| 1. DA. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR. 236 2. gujarAtI sAhitya no svarUpo, pR. 123, 125 3. muMhatA naiNasI rI khyAta, bhAga 1, pR.71 4. gurjara rAsAvalI-ema.esa. yUnIvarsiTI prakAzana 5. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-3, pR.543-44 6. Ananda kAvya mahodadhi, mo.7 7. saM. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA-aitihAsika kAvya-saMgraha

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA (7) phAgu kAvya : Rta-varNana meM phAga-kAvya jaina sAhitya kI viziSTa sAhityika vidhA hai| phAlguna-caitra (vasanta Rtu) mAsa meM isa kAvya ko gAne kA pracalana hai / isalie inheM phAgu yA phAgu-kAvya bhI kahA jAtA hai| garabA bhI aise utsavoM para gAye jAne vAle nRtyagIta haiN| phAgu aura garabA rAsa kAvya ke hI prabheda haiM / ina kAvyoM meM zRMgAra-rasa ke donoM rUpoM-saMyoga aura viyoga kA citraNa kiyA jAtA hai| pravRttiyoM evaM kAvya zailI ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne phAga kI vyutpatti bhinna-bhinna prakAra se mAnI hai| DA.bI.je.sANDesarA phAga ko saMskRta ke phalA zabda se vyutpanna mAnate haiM-phalA-phagu-phAgu / ' 'DiMgala koza' meM phAlguna ke paryAyavAcI phAlaguNa aura phAgaNa batAye haiN| ina vyutpattiyoM se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki phAgu kA udbhava geya-rUpakoM, kAvyoM meM basantotsava manAne se huA hai| inameM mukhya rUpa se saMyamazrI ke sAtha jaina muniyoM ke vivAha, zaMgAra, viraha aura milana varNita hote haiN| jaina muni cUMki sAMsArika bandhana tor3a cuke haiM, ataH unake laukika vivAha kA varNana inameM nahIM miltaa| inhIM viSayoM ko lekara jaina muniyoM ne 14 vIM zatAbdI se 17 vIM zatAbdI taka aneka RSiyoM se sambandhita phAgu kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| isa zrRMkhalA kI prAcInatama racanA jinacanda sUri phAgu (vi.saM.1349-1373) kahI gayI hai| anya mahatvapUrNa racanAeM isa prakAra hai-sthUlabhadra phAga (depAla)', nemiphAga (kanakasoma), neminAtha phAgaH, jambUsvAmI phAga' aadi| (8) dhamAla : ___phAgu-kAvyoM ke pazcAt dhamAla-kAvya-rUpa kA vikAsa huaa| yoM phAgu aura dhamAla kI viSaya-vastu samAna hI hai / holI ke avasara para Aja bhI braja aura rAjasthAna prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, pR.53 2. paramparA 3. sammelana patrikA (nAhaTAjI kA nibaMdha 'rAjasthAnI phAgu kAvya kI paramparA aura viziSTatA) 4. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 37, pR.446, 496 5. jaina sAhitya, no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR.896 . 6. sammelana patrikA 7. sI.DI. dalAla-prAcIna gurjara kavi-saMgraha, pR. 41, pada 27

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10 meM dhamAleM gAne kA rivAja hai / yaha eka loka paramparA kA zAstrIya rAga hai| jaina kaviyoM ne isa paramparA meM aneka racanAeM kI hai / yathA - ASADhabhUti dhamAla, ArdrakumAra, dhamAla (kanakasoma)' neminAtha dhamAla (mAladeva) 2 ityAdi / (9) carcarI (cAMcarI) : dhamAla ke samAna hI carcarI bhI lokazailI para viracita racanA hai / brajapradeza meM caMga (Dhappa) kI tAla ke sAtha gAye jAne vAle phAguna aura holI ke gItoM ko carcarI kahate haiM / ataH ve saMgItabaddha rAga-rAganiyoM meM baddha racanAeM jo nRtya ke sAtha gAyI jAtI hai, carcarI kahalAtI haiM / prAkRttapaiMgalam meM carcarI ko chanda kahA gayA hai / 3 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya jaina sAhitya meM carcarIsaMjJaka racanAoM kA Arambha 14 vIM zatAbdI se huA | 4 jinadattasUri evaM jinavallabhasUri kI caracariyA~ vizeSa prasiddha hai, jo gAyakavAr3a oriyaMTala sIrIja meM prakAzita haiM / (10) bArahamAsA : bArahamAsA, chamAsA, caumAsA - saMjJaka kAvyoM meM kavi varSa ke pratyeka mAsa, RtuoM athavA kathita mAsoM kI paristhitiyoM kA citraNa karatA hai / isakA pramukha rasa vipralambha zRMgAra hotA hai / nAyikA ke viraha ko uddIpta karane ke lie prakRti-citraNa bhI ina racanAoM meM saghana rUpa meM milatA hai / mAsoM para AdhArita jaina sAhitya kI yaha vidhA loka-sAhitya se gRhIta hai / bArahamAsA kA varNana prAyaH ASADha mAsa se Arambha kiyA jAtA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bArahamAsA, chamAsA athavA caumAsA kAvya paramparA ke antargata aneka kRtiyAM likhI hai, yathA-- neminAtha bArahamAsA catuSpadikA (vinayacaMdrasUri) 5, neminAtha rAjimati bAramAsa (cAritra kalaza) 1deg jaina - rAsa, caupAI, phAgu-saMjJaka racanAoM meM ina kaviyoM ne yathA-prasaMga bArahamAsA Adi ke mArmika citra prastuta kiye haiM / kuzalalAbha kI mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. yugapradhAna jinacaMdra sUri, pR. 194-95 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2 hindI chandaprakAza, pR. 131 jaina satyaprakAza, varSa 12, aMka 6, (hIrAlAla kAvaDiyA kA 'carcarI' nAmaka lekha) prAcIna gurjara kAvya-saMgraha gujarAtI sAhitya no svarUpo, pR. 279

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA agar3adatta rAsa, DholA mAravaNI caupaI, sthUlibhadra chattIsI, bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI Adi racanAoM se inake zreSTha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM / (11) vivAhalo, vivAha, dhavala, maMgala : 11 jisa racanA meM vivAha kA varNana ho, use vivAhalA aura isa avasara para gAye jAne vAle gItoM ko dhavala yA maMgala kahA jAtA hai| vivAha - saMjJaka racanAoM meM jinezvara sUri kRta saMyamazrI vivAha varNana rAsa evaM jinodaya sUri vivAhalA aba taka prApta racanAoM meM prAcInatama haiN| tathA dhavala - saMjJaka racanAoM meM jinapati sUri kA dhavalagIta prAcInatama mAnA gayA hai| 2 ina nAmoM se sambandhita anya racanAeM haiM-- neminAtha vivAhalo (jayasAgara), ArdrakumAra dhavala (depAla) 4, mahAvIra vivAhalaDa (kIrtiratna sUri), zAntivivAhalau (lakSmaNa), jambU aMtaraMga rAsa vivAhalau (sahajasuMdara), pArzvanAtha vivAhalau (petho), zAntinAtha vivAhalo dhavala prabandha ( ANanda pramoda), supArzvajina-vivAhalo (brahmavinayadeva) 15 (12) veli : racanA - prakAra kI dRSTi se veli hindI ke latA vallI (vallarI) Adi kAvya rUpoM kI taraha hai / isameM bhI vivAha prasaMga kA hI citraNa kiyA jAtA hai / cAraNa kaviyoM dvArA racita kRtiyoM meM vi.saM. 1528 ke AsapAsa racita bAchA kRta cihuMgati veli sabase prAcIna kahI jAtI hai / anya mahatvapUrNa jaina-veliyAM haiM-- jambUveli (sIhA), garabhaveli (lAvaNyasamaya), garabhaveli (sahajasundara), nemi rAjula bArahamAsA veli (vi.saM. 1615), sthUlibhadra mohana veli (jayavaMta sUri) jahata pada veli (kanakasoma)7 ityAdi / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. saM. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA -- aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha DA. mAhezvarI - rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR. 244 aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR. 400 jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 897 jaina satyaprakAza, aMka 10-11, varSa 11, kramAMka 130-31 DA. mAhezvarI - rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR. 243 jaina dharma prakAza, varSa 65, aMka 2 (hIrAlAla kAvar3iyA kA lekha )

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121 (13) mukataka-kAvya : rAjasthAnI jaina muktaka kAvya kA adhyayana dhArmika, nItiparaka evaM itara dhArmika zIrSakoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / dhArmika sAhitya ke antargata jaina kaviyoM ne gIta, kavitta, tIrthamAlA, saMghavarNana, pUjA, vinatI, caitya, paripATI, mAtRkA, namaskAra, parabhAti, stuti stotra, mUMdar3I, sajjhAya, stavana, nirvANa, pUjA, chanda, caubIsI, chattIsI, zataka, hajArA, Adi nAmoM se kI hai| ina racanAo meM tIrthaMkaroM, jaina mahApuruSoM, sAdhuoM, satiyoM, tIrthoM Adi ke guNoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai / durguNoM ke tyAga aura sadguNoM ke grahaNa karane ke gIta tathA AdhyAtmika gIta bhI dhArmika muktaka kAvya kI viSaya-vastu hai / kucha ullekhanIya racanAeM haiM- caubIsa jinastavana, ajitanAtha stavana, vinatI, aSTApada tIrtha bAvanI, caturaviMzatI jinastavana, ajitanAtha vinatI, paMcatIrthakara namaskArastotra, mahAvIra vInatI, nagarakoTa- sAhitya paripATI, caitya paripATI, zAntinAtha vIta (jayasAgara ) 1, snAtrapUjA, thAvacyAkumAra rAsa (depAla) 2, nemigIta (matizekhara) 3 guNaratnAkara - chaMda, IlAtIputra - sajjhAya, AdinAtha zaMtrujaya stavana, ( sahajasundara) 4, sAdhuvaMdanA, upadeza rahasya gIta, vItarAgastavana DhAla, AgamachatrIzI, eSaNAzataka, zaMtrujaya stotra (pArzva sUri) 5, staMbhana pArzvanAtha stavana, gor3I-pArzvanAtha chaMda, pUjyavAhaNa gIta, navakAra chaMda (kuzalalAbha), mahAvIra paMcakalyANa stavana, manabhamarAgIta (mAladeva), solahasvapna sajjhAya (hIrakalaza) ityAdi / rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya nItiparaka racanAeM yadi jaina sAhitya ko upadeza, jJAna aura nItiparaka bhI kaheM to atizayokti nahIM hogI / kAraNa, jaina kaviyoM kA mukhya uddezya dhArmika pracAra karanA thA / apane 1. zodhapatrikA, bhAga 9, aMka 1, disa. 1957 I. 2. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, bhAga 3, pR. 446 3. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 768 4. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 120, bhAga 3, pR. 557 (1992) 5. vahI, pR. 139, bhAga 3, pR. 586 6. DA.manamohana svarUpa mAthura--- kuzalalAbha vyaktitva aura kRtitva, pR. 41, maMthana pablikezana, rohataka 7. 8. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 98-100 zodha patrikA, bhAga 7, aMka 4

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa- paramparA uddezya kI pUrti ke lie unhone saMvAda, kakkA, battIsI, mAtRkA, bAvanI, kulaka, hiyAlI, hariyAlI, gUr3hA, pAraNI, saloka, kar3I, kar3A ityAdi sAhityika vidhAoM ko grahaNa kiyA / inameM se ullekhanIya vidhAoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai (14) saMvAda : T inameM donoM pakSa eka-dUsare ko heya batAte hue apane pakSa ko sarvopari rakhate haiM / donoM hI pakSoM kI mUlabhAvanA samyakjJAna karavAnA hai| kucha saMvAda jainettara viSayoM para bhI hai / saMvAda saMjJaka racanAeM 14 vIM zatAbdI se milane lagatI haiM / kucha ullekhanIya saMvAda nimnalikhita haiM- AMkha - kAna saMvAda, yauvana - jarA saMvAda (sahajasuMdara), kara-saMvAda, rAvaNa-maMdodarI saMvAda, gorI-sAMvalI saMvAda - gIta ( lAvaNyasamaya), jIbha-saMvAda, motI-kapAsiyA saMvAda (hIrakalaza), sukhar3a paMcaka saMvAda (narapati) ityAdi haiN| 1 (15) kakkA-mAtRkA - bAvanI- bArahakhar3I : ye sabhI nAma paraspara paryAya haiM / inameM varNamAlA ke bAvana akSara mAnakara pratyeka varga ke prathama akSara se Arambha kara prAsaMgika pada race jAte haiN| bAvanI nAma isa saMdarbha meM 16 vIM zatAbdI se prayoga meM AyA hai| aisI prakAzita kucha racanAeM haiM-chIhala bAvanI?, DUMgara bAvanI (padmanAbha ) 3, zIlabAvanI (mAladeva) 4, jagadambA bAvanI (hemaratna sUri) 15 (16) kulaka yA khulaka : jisa racanA meM kisI zAstrIya viSaya kI Avazyaka bAteM saMkSepa meM saMkalita kI gaI ho athavA kisI vyakti kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA ho aisI racanAeM kulaka kahI jAtI hai / 16 vIM - 17 vIM zatAbdI ke katipaya kulaka isa prakAra haiM- brahmacarya 1. DA. mAhezvarI, rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR. 245 anupa saMskRta lAyabrerI, bIkAnera, hastalikhita prati saMkhyA 282/2 (jha) zrI abhaya jaina graMthamAlA, bIkAnera hastalikhita prati rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2 DA. mAhezvarI - rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR. 266 nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, varSa 58, aMka 4, saM. 2010 2. 3. 13 4. 5. 6.

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14 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya dazasamAdhisthAna kulaka, vaMdana doSa 32 kulaka, gItArtha padAvabodha kulaka (pArzvacandra sUri)', dinamAna kulaka (hiirklsh)|2 (17) hIyAlI : kUTa yA pahelI ko hIyAlI kahate haiM / hIyAliyoM kA pracAra solahavIM zatAbdI se huA / isa kAvyazailI kI pramukha kRtiyAM haiM-hariyAlI (depAla), guru-celA-saMvAda (piMgala ziromaNi kuzalalAbha kRta ke aMza)', aSTalakSmI (samayasundara) ityAdi / (18) vividha muktaka racanAeM : jaina kaviyoM ne jaina dharma se haTakara anya viSayoM para bhI gIta, chaMda, chappaya, gajaleM, pada, lAvaNiyAM, bhAsa, zataka, chattIsI Adi nAmoM se bhI racanAeM kI haiN| inake viSaya itihAsa, utsava, vinoda Adi haiN| inake atirikta jaina-muniyoM ne zAstrIya viSayoM ko bhI apane sAhitya kA AdhAra bnaayaa| isa dRSTi se vyAkaraNa, kAvyazAstra, Ayurveda, gaNita, jyotiSa prabhRti aneka zAstrIya grantha evaM una para TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| saMkhyAdhArI racanAoM meM chandoM kI pramukhatA hotI hai| kahIM-kahIM unameM nihita kathAoM athavA upadezoM ko bhI ye saMkhyA dyotita karate haiN| jaise-vetAla paccIsI (jJAnacaMdra) siMhAsana battIsI (malayacaMda), vilhaNa paMcAzikA (jJAnAcArya) / saMkhyA nAmadhArI kAvya-racanAoM meM inhoMne adhikAMzataH dhArmika stutiyAM hI likhI hai| mahatvapUrNa zAstrIya grantha nimnAkiMta haiM--- (ka) vyAkaraNa zAstra--bAla-zikSA, ukti ratnAkAra, uktisamuccaya, hemavyAkaraNa, 1. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR. 139, bhAga 3, pR. 586 2. zodha patrikA, bhAga 7, aMka 4, saM. 2021 (rAjasthAna ke eka bar3e kavi hIrakalaza) 3. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1,3 4. paramparA, bhAga 13, rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 2, aMka 1, 1948 I. __ Ananda kAvya mahodadhi, mauktika 7 jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR.545 7. vahI, pR.474 8. vahI, pR.636 9. pUjyapravartaka zrI aMbAlAlajI mahArAja abhinaMdana graMtha (rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya" nAmaka lekha) pa.460

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA uDiMgala - nAmamAlA !" (kha) kAvyAzAstrIya graMtha - piMgalaziromaNi, dUhAcaMdrikA, vRttaratnAkara, vidagdha mukhamaMDanabAlAvabodha ityAdi / (ga) gaNitazAstra - lIlAvatI - bhASA caupAI, gaNitasAra- caupAI, gaNita sAThiso ityAdi / (gha) jyotiSa zAstra - paMcAMga - nayana caupAI, zakunadIpikA caupAI, aMgapurakana caupAI, varSaphalAphala sajjhAya Adi 12 gadya - sAhitya (19) jainiyoM ne padya ke sAtha-sAtha rAjasthAnI ko zreSTha koTi kI gadya racanAeM bhI dI haiM / hindI grantha ke vikAsa krama kI bhI yahI paramparA prathama sopAna haiM / jainiyoM dvArA likhita gadya ke do rUpa milate haiM-gadya-padya mizrita tathA zuddha gadya / gadya-padyamizrita gadya saMskRta - campU sAhitya ke samAna hI vacanikA sAhitya ke nAma se abhihita hai / cAraNa gadya sAhitya meM aneka vacanikAeM likhI gaI hai| jaina zailI meM isa paramparA kI upalabdha racanAeM haiM-jinasamudrasUri rI vacanikA, jayacandasUrikRta mAtAjI rI vacanikA (18 vIM zatI vi.) / - TabbA - bAlAvabodha : :: (20) TIkA-Ta 15 kAvya, Ayurveda, vyAkaraNa prabhRti mUla racanAoM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie patroM ke kinAroM para jo saMkSipta gadya - TippaNiyAM hAziye para likhI jAtI haiM unheM TabbA tathA vistRta spaSTIkaraNa ko bAlAvabodha kahA jAtA hai / vistAra ke kAraNa bAlAvabodha subodha hotA hai / isameM vividha dRSTAntoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| mUla pATha pRSTha ke bIca meM aMkita hotA hai / isa zailI meM likhita sAhitya hI TIkA kahalAtA hai / rAjasthAnI jaina TIkA sAhitya samRddha hai| ullekhanIya TIkAeM nimnalikhita hai dhUrtAkhyAnakathAsAra, mAdhavanidAna TabbA, vaidya jIvana TabbA, zatazlokI TabbA, pathyApathya TabbA, vivAhapaTula bAlAvabodha, bhuvanadIpaka bAlAvabodha, muhurttaciMtAmaNi bAlAvabodha, bhartRhari bhASA TIkA ityAdi / 3 1. paramparA, bhAga 13 2. 3. pUjyapravartaka zrI ambAlAlajI mahArAja abhinandana graMtha, pR. 464 vahI, pR. 464

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16 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya (21) paTTAvalI - gurvAvalI : inameM jaina lekhakoM ne apanI paTTAvalI paramparA aura gurU- paramparA kA aitihAsika dRSTi se varNana kiyA hai| ye gadya-padya donoM rUpoM meM likhI gaI haiN| tapAgaccha aura kharataragaccha Adi kI paTTAvaliyAM to prasiddha haiM hI, para prAyaH pratyeka gaccha aura zAkhA kI apanI paTTAvaliyAM bhI likhI gaI haiM / ( 22 ) vijJapti patra, vihAra patra, niyama- patra, samAcArI : ina patroM ke antargata jainAcAryoM ke bhramaNa, unake niyama evaM zrAvakoM ko cAturmAsa, nivAsa ityAdi kI sUcanAoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai / vijJapti patroM mArga meM Ane vAle nagaroM, grAmoM kA bar3A hI manohArI varNana kiyA jAtA hai| patra lekhana zailI kI dRSTi se bhI inakA mahatva hai / (23) sIkha : sIkha kA artha hai zikSA / jaina lekhakoM ne dhArmika zikSA ke pracAra kI dRSTi se jina gadya-racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA, ve sIkha graMtha hai I isa prakAra rAjasthAnI kA jaina sAhitya vividha vidhAoM meM likhA huA hai / kathAkAvyoM, caritakAvyoM ke rUpa meM ina kaviyoM aura lekhakoM ne jahAM dhArmika stutiparaka racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA vahIM gadya rUpa meM vaijJAnika evaM aitihAsika granthoM kA bhI praNayana kiyA / isa sAhitya meM cAhe sAhityikatA kA abhAva rahA ho para bhASA ke adhyayana evaM sAhityika rUpoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se vaha mahatvapUrNa hai| jaina sAhitya kI AtmA dhArmika hone se usakA aMgI rasa zAnta hai / yoM kathA - carita kAvyoM kA AraMbha zRMgAra rasa se hI huA hai| vikrama sambandhI racanAoM evaM gorA-bAdala sambandhI jaina racanAoM meM vIra rasa kI bhI pradhAnatA hai / pratyeka kRti kA AraMbha maMgalAcaraNa, guru, siddha, RSi kI vaMdanA se huA hai tathA anta nAyaka ke saMnyAsa evaM usakI sucArU gRhasthI ke citraNa dvArA / carita-kAvyoM evaM muktaka racanAoM ke andara laukika dRSTAntoM kA sparza hai | rAjasthAnI jaina gadya kA hindI ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai, kintu aise mahatvapUrNa sAhitya kA saMkalana abhI taka apUrNa hai /

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madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina racanAoM meM sAmAjika itihAsa saMdarbha (vi.saM. 1600 - vi.saM. 1900) sAhitya meM vi.saM. 1600 se vi.saM. 1900 taka kA kAla madhya kAla nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isa yuga meM sAhitya se sambandhita aneka AMdolana he| unase sambandhita evaM rAjanItika paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita aneka sAhityika dhArAoM kA vikAsa huaa| rAjasthAna madhyakAlIna itihAsa kA pramukha sAMskRtika kendra rahA hai| yahAM-vaiSNava, sUphI, jaina, dharmoM (sampradAyoM) kA vikAsa huaa| rAjA-mahArAjAoM kI sahiSNutA ke kAraNa unheM rAjanItika prazraya bhI milaa| pariNAmataH ina sampradAyoM se sambandhita aneka kaviyoM ne sAmpradAyika racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| inameM jaina lekhaka agraNIya rhe| _ vi.saM. 1600-1900 ke bIca zatAdhika aisI racanAeM ina jaina kaviyoM ne likhI. jinakA na kevala rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM mahatva rahA, apitu itihAsa aura hindI sAhitya meM bhI unakA yathAvata mahatva hai / kuzalalAbha, hIrakalaza, samayasundara, hemaratna, jaTamala, labdhodaya, mohanavijaya, vinaya-lAbha dAmodara, lAbhavardhana, vinayaprabha, bhatikuzala, rAjavijaya, kalyANa kalaza, rAmacaMda, rikhasAdhu, vIravijaya, uttamavijaya, hulAsacaMda Adi inameM se ullekhanIya nAma haiN| ina kaviyoM kA mUla lakSya to zrRMgAra-citraNoM ke sAtha jaina dharma ke anukUla vairAgya bhAvanA kA pracAra karanA rahA hai, para unameM aneka sthaloM para prasaMgavaza tatkAlIna samAja kA bhI sundara citraNa ho gayA hai / ye varNana hI tayugIna samAja ko jAnane ke liye saMdarbha strota hai, jo isa zodha patra kA viSaya hai / yahA~ sAmAjika saMdarbha se tAtparya hai kavi kI racanAoM meM citrita samAja evaM

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18 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kavi ke racanA kAla meM pracalita sAmAjika mAnyatAoM se / kavi jisa yuga kA hai vaha yuga bhI use prabhAvita karatA hai| ataH usa yuga kI mAnyatAoM kA prabhAva bhI kavi kI racanAoM meM citrita hotA hai| Alocya kAla meM tejasAra rAsa caupaI vi.saM. 1624, agar3adatta rAsa. vi.saM. 1625, bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI, vi.saM. 1643 (kuzalalAbha), gorA-bAdala caupaI vi.saM. 1645, lIlAvatI caupaI vi.saM. 1673 (hemaratana), surasundarI rAsa vi.saM. 1646 (nayasundara), nemirAjula bArAmAsa bela prabandha vi.saM. 1650 (jayavaMta sUri), mRgAvatI rAsa vi.saM. 1668, sihalasuta caupaI vi.saM. 1672, puNyasAra caupaI vi.saM. 1673, naladamayaMtI caupaI vi.saM. 1673 (sabhI samaya sundara), purandaraka kumAra caupaI vi.saM. 1672 (mAladeva) haMsAvalI rI vAratA vi.saM. 1672 (zivadAsa), gorAbAdala caupaI vi.saM. 1680 (jaTamala) prema vilAsa premalatA vi.saM. 1693, sadayavatsa sAvaliMgA caupaI vi.saM. 1693 (kezava) padminI caritra caupaI, vi.saM. 1680 (labdhodaya), bacharAja caupaI vi.saM. 1737 (vinayalAbha), sthUlibhadra kozA prema vilAsa vi.saM. 16 vIM zatI uttarrArddha (jayavaMta sUrI), mAdhavAnala kAma kaMdalA (1737 dAmodara) raNasiMdha kumAra caupaI vi.saM. 1741 (ratnaprabha), lIlAvatI caupaI vi.saM. 1742 (lAbhavardhana), mahatA naiNasI rI khyAta vi.saM. 1667, caMdrarAja caritra vi.saM. 1782 (mohana vijaya) nemirAjula veli vi.saM. 1786 (caturavijaya) candralehA copaI vi.saM. 1805 (matikuzala) citrasena padamAvatI ratanasAra caupAI vi.saM. 1814 (rAmavijaya) candanamalayAgirI rAsa caupAI vi.saM. 1814 (kalyANa kalaza), mRgAkaMlekhA caupAI vi.saM. 1838, rAmacaMda kalAvatI caupAI vi.saM. 1861 (rikhusAdhu), nemizvara sneha veli vi.saM. 1867 (uttama vijaya) nemInAtha rasaveli vi.saM. 1899, rUpasena kumAra no caritra vi.saM. 19 vIM zatI prathama caraNa (hulAsacaMda) Adi racanAe~ haiM, jo isa yuga ke sAmAjika itihAsa meM aneka strotoM ko udghATita karatI hai| varNa vyavasthA varNa-vyavasthA bhAratIya sAmAjika saMgaThana kA mUla AdhAra thii| Alocya kAla kI jaina racanAoM meM samAja kI ikAI ke rUpa meM varNa-vyavasthA kA citraNa aneka sthaloM para huA hai| 17 vI zatAbdI ke prasiddha jaina kavi samayasundara kI nalarAja caupaI meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra varNoM kA ullekha huA hai / yahAM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA haiM ki cAra varNa apane-apane dharma kA pAlana karate the aura kisI ko pIr3A nahIM pahuMcAte

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madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina racanAoM meM......saMdarbha (vi.saM. 1600 - vi.saM. 1900) 19 "brAhmaNa kSatriya vaizya nara sudha, varaNa cAri vasaI aThAI / Apa apanI dharama karanI karai, para nai pIr3A karatA DaraI // " jAti prathA vaidika yaga se vikasita haI yahI varNa-vyavasthA kAlAntara meM vibhinna jAtiyoM meM parivartita ho gii| pariNAmataH janamAnasa meM UMca-nIca, chUAchUta kI bhAvanAeM bhI pallavita huI aura choTI-bar3I jAtiyoM kA udbhava huaa| jaina kavi kezava kI sadaiyavatsa sAvAliMgA caupaI vi.saM. 1693, samaya sundara kI nalarAja caupAI meM dhobI, brAhmaNa, vaizya, kumhAra, kalAvaMta DhADhI, purohita, kolI, kAyastha, kAvar3iyA, lohAra, jogI, kAchI, dosI, gAMdhI, taMbolI, cora, jATa, dhobI, mocI, kaMdoI Adi jAtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| inakI utpatti ke saMdarbha meM ina racanAoM meM kahIM saMketa nahIM milte| hAM, kucheka jAtiyoM ke svabhAva ke viSaya meM avazya likhA gayA hai "mahAjana loka dhAemati rA sukhI, cora, jAra, cugalate dukhI kaMdoI, kAThI, sonAra, kumhAra, mAlI, maradIyA sutAra, tar3asAvaMta, taMboLI sAra, nava maDa nAru kaca ThaThAra ghAMcI mocI basai apAra, karaNa cyAra nava nAru sAra / / (samaya sundara-nalarAja caupAI) Azrama-vyavasthA bhAratIya darzana meM puruSArtha catuSTaya kA bar3A mahatva hai| rAjasthAnI kI ina jaina racanAoM meM bhI Azrama-vyavasthA-saMbaMdhI saMdarbha milate haiN| jaina kavi vinayacaMdra kI 'uttama kumAra caupAI' meM ullekha hai ki rAjA makaradhvaja uttamakumAra ko rAjya sauMpa kara vAnaprasthAzrama grahaNa kara liyaa| isI bhAMti kuzalalAbha kRta bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI meM bhI apane putra ko rAjya sauMpa kara jaina guruoM se dIkSA grahaNa kara saMnyAsa Azrama meM praveza kA saMdarbha jaina samAja ke anukUla milatA hai __ "Avyau mani vairAgya apAra, sahU athira jANaDa saMsAra rAja haMsa naha AthaurAja kIdhA bahu dharma kA kAja / / samayasundara kI racanA malayasuMdarI kathA meM rAjA mahAdhavala bhI apane putra mahAbala ko rAjya sauMpa kara vAnaprastha Azrama grahaNa karatA hai|

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20 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya pArivArika jIvana 1 parivAra samAja kI sArvabhaumika saMsthA hai, jo nape-tule yauna saMbaMdhoM para AdhArita hai / 1 rAjasthAnI samAja meM parivAra kI aisI saMsthA sadA se hI mahatvapUrNa rahI hai ataH rAjasthAnI jaina - racanAoM meM tayugIna pArivArika jIvana kI ora mahatvapUrNa saMdarbhoM kA milanA svAbhAvika hai / ina racanAoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki Alocya kAla meM putra parivAra kI sampatti thI / putra vihIna parivAra binA dIpaka ke ghara ke samAna mAnA jAtA thA / isIliye ina racanAoM meM putra goda lene kI ora bhI saMketa milatA hai| 1 saMskAra garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, sImAntonayana, viSNuvali, cola, upanayana, vedavrata, catuSTaya, samAvartana, kezAnta, vivAha evaM dAha Adi bhAratIya samAja ke pramukha 16 saMskAra hai / ye do dRSTiyoM se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM 1. mAnava kI zuddhi evaM pavitratA ke liye tathA 2. mAnava kI utsavapriyatA ke liye / rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM meM garbhAdhAna, janmotsava, nAmakaraNa aura vivAha-saMskAroM ke pramukha rUpa se saMdarbha milate haiM / inameM sarvAdhika saMdarbha vivAha-saMbaMdhI hai / isakA mUla kAraNa vivAha dvArA gRhasthAzrama meM praveza kahA jAnA cAhiye / vivAha ke dvArA yugala deva kAryoM kI sampannatA aura saMtAnotpati kA adhikAra prApta kara letA 1 rAjasthAnI jaina racanAoM meM vivAha kI Ayu, varacayana-paddhati, samAja meM pracalita vivAha ke vibhinna rUpa, bArAta evaM tatsambandhI rIti-rivAjoM ke saMdarbha meM bhI samIcIna jAnakArI milatI hai / ina racanAoM ke AdhAra para Alocya kAlIna samAja meM vivAha bAlyAvasthA tathA yuvAvasthA donoM meM saMbhava the / lakhamasena padmAvatI kathA 18 vIM zatAbdI uttarArddha meM padmAvatI vivAha ke avasara para 15 varSa kI thI I panara varasa kI bAlI vesa, sUpa acala anai upama veza / Alocya kAla meM racita jaina racanAoM meM yoM to varacayana mAtA-pitA athavA anya bar3oM kI rAya dvArA hI kiyA jAtA thA, kintu kanyA bhI apane vara ke cayana meM pI.vI.kAne - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 424 1.

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madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina racanAoM meM......saMdarbha (vi.saM. 1600 - vi.saM. 1900) 21 svataMtra thI / puNyasAra caupAI vi.saM. 1673 (samayasundara) meM ullekha hai ki jaba ratnAvatI ke pitA binA usakI icchA jAne puNyasAra se usakI sagAI taya kara dete haiM to vaha agni meM jalane ko tatpara ho jAtI hai / vaha turanta apane pitA ko bulAkara apane icchita vara guNasuMdara ke sAtha vivAha karavAne kA nivedana apane pitA ko karatI haiM "suNajye tAta samAja, bolai ratanavatI vacana / pAvaka paDU sasi prANa, puNyasAra paraNaNa vAta // ter3I tAta nai turata kahai ite, mana mAnyo mujha khaMtAjI paraNAvau guNasuMdara paramai, kharI achai bhANakhaMta seThai jANyo bhAva sutA ko turata gayo tasa pAsa jii| zAstroM meM varNita vivAha ke AThoM prakAra meM se isa kAla kI jaina racanAoM meM mukhya rUpa se prAjApatya, gAMdharva aura rAkSasa vivAhoM ke saMdarbha adhika varNita hue haiN| vivAha kI svayaMvara---paddhati meM mukhya rUpa se nAyaka dvArA zarta kI pUrti paddhati hI isa yuga meM pracalita kahI jA sakatI hai / hemaratna kRta padmanI caritra caupaI meM padminI ke bhAI ke sAtha zataraMja kI bAjI jIta jAne kI zarta ko pUrA karane para hI ratanasiMha kA vivAha padminI ke sAtha hotA hai " ratanasena sataraMjaDa ramai, tima tima nAri tamaI mani gamaI / ju kima I e jIpai dANa, tu mujha vakhata sahI supramANa / / kaMTha ThavI ko malA varamAla, jaya jaya zabda jagAvaI bAla / zaMghaladIpa taNu hiva ghaNI, bhagati karai te bhUpati taNi / / paramparita vivAhoM meM bArAta kA bar3A mahatva hai| yaha sAmAjika saMdarbha madhyakAla meM kAphI Ubhara kara AyA hai / kuzalalAbha kRta bhImasena haMsarAja caupAI meM haMsarAja kI bArAta se yaha spaSTa hotA haiM ki isa yuga ke samAja meM bArAta ko aneka sAdhanoM se sajAyA jAtA thaa| caturaMgiNI senA, cAraNa, bhAToM, yAcakoM aura sambandhita bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM kA lavAjamA bArAta kI zobhA mAne jAte the| suhAgarAta, lagna, pANigrahaNa, daheja, muMha-dikhAI, sIkha (zikSA) denA Adi vivAha se sambandhita prathAoM kA bhI citraNa isa yuga meM racita jaina-kRtiyoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| labdhodaya racita padminI caritra caupaI vi.saM. 1680 meM daheja kA

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22 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya ullekha prastuta haiM dAsI he sakhi dAsI he doya hajAra, rupe hai sasi rUpe hai rani rmbhaavnniijii| hAthI he sakhi hAthI he hevara hema, parighala he pahirAvaNI jI / / 14 / / pR. 13 Alocya kAla kI jaina racanAoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki isa kAla meM antarjAtIya vivAhoM evaM bahupatnI vivAha kA bhI pracalana thaa| (nalarAja caupaI, puSpasena padmAvatI rI bAta, mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA caupaI) _ vi.saM. 1600-1900 taka racita jaina racanAoM meM nArI kI sthiti ke saMdarbha meM bhI jAnakArI milatI hai / isa yuga kI jaina racanAoM meM svakIyA prema kI pradhAnatA hai| bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI (vi.saM. 1643) meM ullekha hai ki jaba madana maMjarI apane vivAha kA nirNaya kara letI hai to vaha mAtra apane priya ke prati hI samarpita ho jAtI hai| pitA kI AjJA kA vaha ullaMghana kara tripurA devI ke mandira ko jAtI hai aura vahA~ vaha apane icchita vara bhImasena se vivAha kara letI hai|' kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki isa yuga meM nArI pUrNataH svaMtatra thii| prAyaH usa para puruSa kI manamAnI hI calatI thii| vaha mAtra bhogyA samajhI jAtI thii| thor3I sI zaMkA para puruSa nArI ke sAtha durvyavahAra karane lagatA thaa| na cAhate hue bhI use para puruSa kI zaiyA sajAnI par3atI thii| jaTamala kRta "gaurA bAdala caupaI" meM padminI kA ratnasena ke prati yaha nivedana usa sAmAjika itihAsa saMdarbha kI ora saMketa karatA hai "kaha rAnI padmAvatI, ratanasena rAjAna / nAri na dIjai ApaNI, tajiye, pIva pirAna / / tajiyai pIva pirAMna, aura kU nAri na dIjai, kAla na chaTai koya, sIsa dai jaga jasa lIjai / kalaMkai lagAvai ApakoM, mo sata khoyai jAna, kaha rAnI padamAvatI, ratanasena rAjAna / / 82 / / "paradA prathA" isa yuga kI mahatvapUrNa sAmAjika ghaTanA hai| Alocya kAla meM racita jaina racanAoM meM varNita citraNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki isa yuga kI rAziyA~ evaM 1. ela. DI. iMsTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda, graMthAMka-lA.da.1217 chaMda-151-193

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madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina racanAoM meM......saMdarbha (vi.saM. 1600 - vi.saM. 1900) 23 bar3e gharAne kI striyAM parade meM hI rahatI thii| anajAna puruSa unake antaHpura taka nahIM pahaMca sakatA thaa| isIliye bAdazAha ke liye rAghava cetana padminI nArI kI jA~ca tela meM chAyA dekhakara karane kA nivedana karatA hai __ "rAghava kahai nariMda suni, garamahala meM na jAya, ___ chAyA dekhU tela meM, nArI deU~ batAya / / 50 / / madhyayugIna jaina racanAoM kA eka viSaya vezyA-gamana bhI rahA hai| prAyaH jaina maniyoM dvArA racita sthalibhadra sambandhI kathA kozA nAmaka vezyA se hI sambandhita hai| usake dvArA jaina kaviyoM ne prema meM nihita zIla aura jaina dharma meM zama bhAva kI sthApanA kI haiN| isa kathA se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA haiM ki Alocya kAla meM vezyA vRtti pracalita thI, kintu unakA bhI zIla ke prati Agraha thaa| yahI kAraNa haiM ki zrAvaka dvArA kAma-nivedana karane para kozA nAmaka vezyA use nepAla se ratnajar3ita kambala lAne ko kahatI hai| samAja kA AdhAra phalaka usameM pracalita rIti-rivAja, AcAra-vicAra hote haiN| inhIM rur3hiyoM ke dvArA saMskRti apanA svarUpa nirdhArita karatI hai| usa yuga kI jaina racanAoM meM vibhinna jAtiyoM, samudAyoM kI aisI aneka paramparAoM ke prati saMketa citrita haiN| isa rUpa meM Aja ke aneka vizvAsa evaM rur3hiyA~ tatkAlIna samAja meM bhI pracalita thii| ina jaina kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM jo saMkaTa Aye haiM, unheM ve pUrva janma ke karmoM kA phala hI mAnate haiN| kuzalalAbha kI DholA mAravaNI caupAI, pArzvanAtha dazabhava stavana evaM kezava kRta sadayavatsa sAvaliMgA caupAI racanAe~ isake pramANa haiN| strI kA adhika dinoM taka pIhara meM rahanA, puruSa kA adhika dinoM taka sasurAla meM rahanA, lar3akI kA adhika dUra vivAha na karanA, vIroM aura priyajana para 'lUNa' utArane kI prathAoM ke prati jaTamala kRta gaurA bAdala caupaI, kezava kRta sadayavatsa sAvaliMgA caupaI, ratnaprabha kRta raNasiMdha kumAra caupaI, kuzalalAbha kI racanAoM meM ullekha hai| isI prakAra aneka aMdhavizvAsoM yathA-maMtra-taMtra, jAta dene se saMtAnotpati kA honA, chIMka, bhUta-preta, dakSiNAMga se pakSiyo kA bolanA, vRkSa-pUjana, nara-bali Adi para aTUTa zraddhA thii| samAja ke pramukha aMga strI-puruSoM ke vastrAbhUSaNoM, zrRMgAra-prasAdhanoM evaM rahana-sahana 1. kuzalalAbhaH sthUlibhadra chatIsI, sapta siMdhu, mArca 1978 (pR. 13-22, 26) lekhaka dvArA saMpAdita)

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya ke citra bhI isa yuga kI jaina racanAoM meM prastuta hue haiN| ye varNana usa yuga kI sAMskRtika evaM Arthika sthiti kA bhI ahasAsa karavAte haiN| inameM varNita vastrAbhUSaNoM meM mukhya rUpa se hIracIra, sauvana paTTa, ghAgharA, paTTakUla, dikhaNI cIra, kaMcukI, mojaDI, jhUla, bahirakhA, sIsaphUla, navasarahAra, kaMkaNa, neura, karadhanI, cUr3iyA~ hai "nAka jisI dIvAnI siSA, bAhe ratana jar3ita bahirakhA, sIsaphUla, sovana, rAkhar3I, kaMcana mayaghar3I ratanejar3I, gale akAvala navasarahAra, kaMkaNa neura jhaMkAra, khalake cUr3I sovana taNI, kSudra ghaMTikA sohAmaNI kehara siMdha jisI kari laMka, ratana jar3ita kari mekhalAMka / / zrRMgAra-prasAdhanoM kA citraNa aMge caMdana kesarI khola, adhara dasana raMjita taMboLi / aMjana su aMjI AMkhar3I, jANe vikasI kamala pAMkhar3I / ' jIvana kI svasthatA ke liye Amoda-pramoda anivArya haiN| Alocya kAla meM racita jaina sAhitya isa ora bhI saMketa karatA hai| sAvana-phAguna athavA rAjA yA samAja dvArA upayukta avasaroM para aneka sArvajanika utsavoM kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA thaa| manoraMjana ke liye citrakalA gAyana, nRtya, kAvya Adi kalAoM kA bhI pracalana thaa| rikha sAdhu kI racanA "kamalAvatI caupaI" meM kalAoM dvArA manoraMjana kA citraNa prastuta hai mAr3ayoM nATaka tatA theI, nAcatI ho lAla sajhe sola siNagAra / koyala sarasA kaMTha, gAvai gIta gAjatA ho lAla, saghar3a sAraMgI rAga, mela gIta gAvatI ho baal| ghUghaTa nA dhamakAra, Thamaka Thamaka paga Thave ho lAla, phira phira phUMdI leya, madhura sAre labe hI lAla // 2 ina manoraMjanoM meM durvyasana bhI pracalita the| kintu unheM samAja meM acchI naz2ara se nahIM dekhA jAtA thaa| jainiyoM dvArA inase sambandhita aneka racanAeM haiN| "tambAkU 1. kuzalalAbha kRta mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA-AnaMdakAvya mahodadhi, mauktika-7, pR.46-47 cau. 189-194 2. zrI jaina zvetAmbara mandira ajamera kI prati

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madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina racanAoM meM...... saMdarbha (vi.saM. 1600 - vi.saM. 1900) sajjhAya" meM tambAkU ke avaguNoM kA citraNa huA hai| juA kA khela bhI pracalita thaa| isa khela meM kaI bAra hAra jAne para mastaka bhI kATa liyA jAtA thA, ataH isa para bhI roka rakhI jAtI thI mAta pitA mana raMga, kumara na varajyu tihAM kIyai / sadA phirai te sAMtI, juArayA mohe juDyaa ||1 zikSA sadayavatsa sAvaliMgA caupaI (kezava) uttamakumAra caupaI, puNyasAra tejasAra rAsa, agar3adatta rAsa, sthUlabhadra chatIsI Adi racanAoM se tatkAlIna samAja meM zikSA ke svarUpa kA paricaya bhI milatA hai / vidyAvilAsarAsa, agar3adatta rAsa racanAoM meM gurukuloM meM sahazikSA kA ullekha huA hai| bar3I Ayu ke chAtra-chAtrA bhI apanI pratibhA dikhAkara gurukuloM athavA pozAloM (jaina pAThazAlAoM) meM praveza pA sakate the, anyathA pozAloM meM praveza kI Ayu 8 varSa taka hI thI-- ATha varasa nu anukramaure, putra huo paridhAna / mAtA-pitA mana raMga su, mukyau pachinA bahu mAna re // 2 25 yahA~ chAtra-chAtrAoM ke pAThya viSayoM kI carcA bhI huI hai| prAthamika adhyayana ke uparAnta adhyayana ke mukhya viSaya rAjanIti, vyAkaraNa, amarakoza, piMgala, lIlAvatI gaNita, Ayurveda, jyotiSa, rasAyana Adi the-- guTI, puTI, jaTI, taMta, jaMta maMta, aMta, pata ilavasI kAra eka ghuTe dhar3aghAta hai | 3 chAtrAoM ko lalita kalAe~ vizeSa rUpa se par3hAI jAtI thI / dharma- vicAra - jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai jaina kaviyoM kA mukhya lakSya apane dharma kA pracAra karanA thA / kintu inake nAyaka kSatriya the, ataH una prasaMgoM meM paurANika dhArmika vizvAso kA bhI citraNa ho gayA hai| ina varNanoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM 1. samayasundara - puNyasAra caupaI, pR. 120 2. puNyasAra cau. samayasundara, pR. 125 3. vidyAvilAsa caupAI

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2 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya gaMgA-jamunA, gomatI, puSkara, kSiprA Adi tIrthoM ke prati jana samAja kI AsthA thii| devI, ziva, pArvatI kA vrata karake iSTa phala kI prApti kI jAtI thii| zatrujaya yAtrA, bAhubali yAtrA, giranAra yAtrA, sameta zikhara-yAtrA karanA jaina dharmAvalambI zreSTha mAnate the| inakI yAtrA ke liye ve saMghoM meM jAte the| isa prakAra niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vi.saM. 1600 se 1900 taka racita jaina sAhitya tatkAlIna sAmAjika itihAsa ko jAnane ke mahatvapUrNa AdhAra strota haiM / samAja kI pratyeka gati-vidhi kA hAla ina racanAoM meM kisI na kisI prasaMga meM milatA hai| adhikAMza varNana ucca madhya varga se sambandhita hI hai| isase yaha bhI niSkarSa diyA jA sakatA hai ki taba garIbI nahIM ke barAbara hI rahI hogI / yAtrA, bhavanAdi ke jo citraNa hue haiM--inakI camaka-damaka evaM vyaya se yaha eka sampanna samAja hI siddha hotA hai|

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rAjasthAnI jaina-kAvya meM saMgIta-tattva jaina dharma bhArata ke pracArAtmaka dharmoM meM se eka hai / isaliye isa dharma kA sAhitya bhI pracArAtmaka pravRttiyoM ko lie hue haiM / jainiyoM kA yaha pracAra vyaSTiparaka na hokara samaSTiparaka hai| jainakaviyoM ne apane dharma ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne ke liye usakI sahajatA kA sarvAdhika dhyAna rakhA / isIliye jana-sAhitya gItAtmaka pravRtti ko lie hue milatA hai| jaina-kaviyoM ne apane dhArmika siddhAntoM ko jana ruci ke anukUla banAne ke lie tatkAlIna pracalita zAstrIya evaM laukika bandhoM ko grahaNa kiyaa| sAtha hI jisa prAnta meM jo prAkRta yA apabhraMza kA svarUpa pracalita thA, unhIM bhASAoM meM ina kaviyoM ne isa sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| jaina-kaviyoM ne jina laukika baMdhoM evaM zAstrIya rAgoM kA upayoga kiyA, ve isa prakAra haiM(ka) zAstrIya rAgeM-zrI (dhavala), dezAkha, chAyA, rAjavalabha, dhanyAzrI, sUhava, AsAvarI, sAmerI, malhAra, SaMbhAyatI, soraThI, gaur3I, dhanyAzrI, goDA bAlUchAnI, jayaMtasirI, sAraMga, dhanyAsirI-mAruNI, AsyAsiMdhUr3o, gUrI, dhavala-dhanyAzrI mevAr3au, rAmagirI, tor3I, kAkI, vairaadd'ii| (kha) laukika-baMdha-(a) chaMda-ghata, dhattA, chappaya, kavitta, vastuka, ullAlA, soraThA aadi| (A) DhAleM-ulAlAnI, ikbIsa DhAliyAnI, gaur3I, suNi-suNi jaMbUnI, jatanI, __bhAvanArI, caMdaliyAnI, pAhalI, biNajArAnI, bar3akhAnI, purandaranI caupaI nI, nAyakArI, popaTa paMkhiyAnI, vadalI rI, rasoyAnI, dezI hamIrAnI, rasoyAnI dezI, sAhilAnI, phaagnii| jaina kaviyoM kI gItAtmaka racanAoM meM ukta rAgoM ke nAmollekha se yaha siddha

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28 hotA hai ki ina kaviyoM ko saMgItazAstra kA acchA jJAna thaa| ukta rAgoM meM se aneka rAge Aja bhI apane paryAya nAmoM ke sAtha pracalita haiN| yadyapi vaijJAnika adhyayana kI pravRtti se tatkAlIna rAgoM ke lakSaNoM meM Aja AmUla-cUla parivartana ho cukA hai, phira bhI kucha lakSaNa inake anukUla mila jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha, rAga AsAvarI ko zAstrIya dRSTi se prAtaH kAlIna rAga kahA gayA hai| isameM bhakti kI pradhAnatA hotI haiM / ' satrahavI zatAbdI ke vAcaka kuzalalAbha ne isI rAga meM prAtaH kAla kA varNana karate hue zrI pUjyavAhaNa jI kI stuti kI hai 1. 2. 3. 4. pahilo praNamaM prathama jiNa, AdinAtha arihaMta / nAmi narezvara kula tilaka, Apaha sukha anaMta // A bhavasAgara sArikha, sukha dukha aMta na pAra / sadguru vAhaNa nI parai, utArai bhava pAra // 2 rAmagirI (rAmagrI) rAga kA vartamAna nAma rAmakalI athavA rAmakarI hai / ise prAtaH kAlIna saMdhi prakAza rAga mAnA jAtA hai| isameM bhakti nirveda kI bhAvanA ke sAtha viyoga zRMgAra kA varNana bhI kiyA jAtA hai / 3 jaina sAhitya meM isa rAga meM baMdhe gIta lakSaNAnukUla haiN| jahAM kavi kuzalalAbha apanI bhaktyAtmaka gIti racanA " pUjyavAhaNa gItam" meM isa rAga meM bhakti aura nirveda ke upadeza kA gAna kara rahe haiM vahIM kavi dharmakIrti viyoga ke svara isa rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM 5. rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya zyaNI sohada caMda sa, dinakara sohai diis| tima "vachA" bohitha kulai, pUrau manaha jagIsa // gUDamalhAra gaur3a malhAra kA apabhraMza hai / ise kucha saMgItazAstrI RturAga bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki ise varSA Rtu meM gAyA jAtA hai tathA varSA kA hI isameM zRMgAra varNana lakSmInArAyaNa garga; saMgIta - vizArada, pR. 256 saM. bhaMvaralAla agaracanda nAhaTA, aitihAsika jaina- kAvya saMgraha, pRSTha 114 AcArya uttama rAya zukla, bhAratIya saMgIta saMskaraNa 1958 I. dharma mAraga upadezatA, karatA karatA viSaya vihAra re / AyA jI nagara traMbAvatI, zrI saMgha harSa apAra re ||35 || sUpha te saddahaNA kharI, suguru sevA sikalAta re / pota surAsura posahA, makamala pravacana mAta re ||42 // vividha pUjA-saMgraha, pR. 211

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rAjasthAnI jaina-kAvya meM saMgIta-tattva hotA hai| prastuta rAga kA eka sthAyI aura antarA prastuta haiM jisameM dArzanika dRSTi se nAyikA kelirata varNita kI gaI haiM--- Avyo mAsa asAr3ha jhabUke dAminI re / jIvaI jovaI prIyar3A vATa sakomala kAminI re / cAtaka madhurai sAMdiki prIu-prIu ucarai re / varasai ghaNA barasAta sajana saravarai tarai re / / pravacana vacana vistAra aratha taravara dhaNa re / kokila kAminI gIta gAyai zrI guru taNA re / / gAjara-gAjai gagana gaMbhIra zrI pajya nI deza nA re / bhaviyaNa mora cakora thApai zubha vAsanA re / / "zrIrAga" ko sAMyakAlIna saMdhiprakaraNa rAga kahA gayA hai jisameM bhakti evaM nirveda kI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai| jaina-kavi paharAja kI yaha stuti ukta lakSaNa saMbaddha rAga zrI meM baMdhita haiM dhana dhana jiNa (zAsana) pAtaga nAzana, tribhuvana garuar3a gahagahAe / jAsu taNau jasuvAu gaMgAjala, niramala mahiyale mahamahae / / zrI vayarasvAbhI guru anukrami cihu dise, caMdrakula caupaTa jANiie / gaccha caurAsIya mAhi ati garuaDa, kharatara gaccha vkkhaanniie|' khaMbhAvanI aura soraThI rAgoM kA pramukha rasa zRMgAra hai / inake vartamAna nAma kramazaH khaMbhAvatI aura soraTha hai| jaina-kaviyoM kA bAhulya pramukhataH gujarAta, rAjasthAna evaM saurASTra prAntoM meM adhika rahA / ataH ina pradezoM meM pracalita dezaja rAgoM kA ina kaviyoM ne khulakara prayoga kiyaa| soraTha evaM khaMbhAvatI rAgeM aisI hI dezaja rAge haiM / khaMbhAvatI rAga kA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai sagala nagara siNagAriyo re AnaMda aMga na gAya re / gokha Upara car3hI gorar3I re, iNi gali rAjA Avaire / ghara ghara gur3I uchale re, toraNa bAMdhyA bAro re / hATa paTaMbara chAiyA re, bhIr3a ghaNI darabAro re / / 2 1. vividha pUjA saMgraha, pR.43 2. Ananda kAvya mahodadhi mauktika 7, pratyeka buddha caupaI, samaya sundara kRta, cau.saM. 11-12

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30 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya sAmerI (sAverI), jayaMtasirI (jaitazrI), vairAr3I rAge sAMyakAlIna rAge haiN| inake atirikta gor3I, kedAra gaur3I-siMdhu Adi zRMgArika rAgoM kA bhI jaina kaviyoM ne atyadhika prayoga kiyA hai / vastutaH ye rAge jaina kAvyoM ke lakSyAnukUla rAge haiN| jaina-kathAkAvyoM kA AraMbha zRMgAra se hotA hai aura avasAna zama se / zRMgAra rasa ke mAdhyama se jaina yati jIvana kI niHsAratA ko siddha karate haiM / 1. apane isa uddezya kI pUrti ke liye jaina kaviyoM ne laukika baMdhoM evaM DhAloM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| laukika baMdhoM meM pramukha rUpa se kar3avaka, dhattA, ghAta, kAvyabaMdha kA prayoga adhika huA hai / apabhraMza chaMdazAstriyoM ke matAnusAra ye saba eka hI baMdha kar3avaka yA dhattA ke nAmabheda haiN| 1 pratyeka kar3avaka kI samApti para dhattA dene kA niyama hai| kar3avaka meM kula ATha yA 16 paMktiyAM hotI hai / jinadatta sUri, kuzaladhIra, kuzalalAbha, jayalAbha, samayasundara, hIrakalaza, Adi kaviyoM meM isa laukika baMdha kA prayoga dekhA jA sakatA hai / dohA, soraThA, kavitta, chappaya, ullAlA Adi tadyugIna pracalita zAstrIya chanda haiM, jinheM geyatA kI dRSTi se ina kaviyoM ne grahaNa kiyA / laukika chaMdoM kI bhAMti hI ina kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM ko pracAra kI dRSTi se adhika grAhya banAne ke liye usa yuga meM pracalita gAne kI dhunoM ko bhI grahaNa kiyA / inhIM pracalita dhunoM ko DhAla athavA tarja kahA jAtA hai / Aja bhI gItoM kI yaha praNAlI pracalita haiN| kaI philmI gItoM kI DhAla (tarja) para aneka lokakavi gIta likhate milate haiN| ghara kI mahilAeM banar3e - banar3I, jaccA ityAdi jor3atI dikhAyI detI / Ajakala kI pairaoNDiyA " DhAla" ke samAnAntara hI kahI jA sakatI hai / haiM jaina kaviyoM dvArA ye DhAleM athavA tarje kucha to zAstrIya rAgoM para loka- dhunoM se saMbaMdhita haiM to kucha chaMdoM para aura kucha usa samaya meM pracalita gIta, loka-gIta, kathAgIta athavA samakAlIna kaviyoM ke gItoM ko kisI paMkti vizeSa para geyatA kI dRSTi se jaina -kAvya meM ina DhAloM kA vizeSa mahatva hai / devendra kumAra 'jaina- apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, pR. 108

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM "AkhyAna" zabda kI vyutpatti khyA dhAtu ke sAtha A upasarga ke yoga se mAnI gaI haiM-asamAntAt khyAnaM" / isI saMdarbha meM AkhyAna ko upAdhyAna ke nikaTa mAnanA cAhiye kyoMki mukhya vastu ke anusaMdhAna meM avAntara vastu athavA prasaMga kA jo mahatva hotA hai, usI ko navIna rUpa meM abhivyakta karanA AkhyAna kA uddezya hotA hai| isIliye sAhitya darpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ne kahA hai--"asminnArthe punaH sargAH bhavantyAkhyAna saMjJakA"2 arthAt mahAkAvya meM ArSa vANI rUpa meM kahI gaI kathA hI AkhyAna kahalAtI hai| yaha kathana padya aura gadya donoM meM saMbhava hai / isa pUrva kathita (AkhyAnaM pUrvAvRttokti) AkhyAyAna nAmaka vidyA meM mAtra utpAdya yA kAlpanika vastu hI na ho, isa bAta kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isI AkhyAna zabda ke sAtha prema zabda jor3ane se "premAkhyAna" pada kA nirmANa hotA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM inakI ati prAcIna paramparA milatI hai| Rgveda meM ullikhita yama-yamI saMvAda, urvazI-purukhA, sUryaputrI tapatI aura saMvaraNa ke praNaya-prasaMgoM meM bhAratIya premAkhyAnoM ke sUtra khoje jA sakate haiN| mahAbhArata-purANoM meM bhI vividha premAkhyAnoM kA ullekha huA hai| nalopAkhyAna, zakuntalA-duSyanta, arjuna-subhadrA, bhIma-hiDimbA Adi mahAbhArata ke gaNanIya premAkhyAna haiM / uSA-aniruddha ke premAkhyAna kA vistRta varNana harivaMzapurANa meM vidyamAna haiN| saMskRta kathA sAhitya aura kAvyoM meM premAkhyAnoM ke vividha rUpa darzanIya haiN| . 1. pro. mara. majamUdAra---gujarAtI sAhitya nA svarupo, AcArya buka Dipo, baDodarA, pR. 143, saMskaraNa 1954; 2. sAhitya darpaNa,6/325

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32 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya yahAM vividha kathAoM ko le kaviyoM ne svataMtra premAkhyAna bhI race, yathA--mahAkavi bhAsa kRta svapnavAsavadattA, subaMdhu kRta vAsavadattA, bANa racita kAdambarI, kAlidAsa viracita abhijJAnazAkuntalam, meghadUta, vikramorvazIya, kumArasaMbhava, mAlavikAgnimitram, bhavabhUti kRta mAlatImAdhava, harSa racita ratnAvalI nATikA, naiSadhIyama mahAkAvya, trivikrama kRta nalacampU ityaadi| saMskRta sAhitya meM varNita avAntara AkhyAnoM evaM saMskRta kaviyoM ke prabhAva se yaha paramparA pAli, prAkRta-apabhraMza sAhitya meM bhI vikasita huii| pAli bhASA meM racita bauddha jAtakoM meM prema kathAoM kA anyatama rUpa prApta hote hai / kaTThahArika jAtaka ke mUlakathA tantu mahAbhArata ke zakuntalopAkhyAna se samatA rakhate haiN| isI bhAMti aMDabhUta jAtaka2, asilakkhaNa jAtaka, madupANIjAtaka', AsaMgajAtaka, dasa eNaka jAtaka, susaMggAjAtaka', mahApadmajAtaka, bhI pAlibhASA kI ullekhanIya premAkhyAnaka racanAeM kahI jAnI caahiye| guNADhya kI vRhatkathA, kSemendra kI vRhatkathAmaMjarI, somadeva racita kathA saritsAgara, jaina kavi hariSeNakRta vRhatkathA koSa Adi racanAeM premAkhyAnaka racanAoM ke akSuNNa bhaNDAra haiN| inhIM premAkhyAnoM meM prayukta kathA-tantuoM, yathA-premI kA phUloM kI TokarI meM chipAkara premikA ke mahaloM meM jAnA, caupar3a khelanA, nAyikA ke vivAha ke lie zarta rakhanA, strI kI kAmAsakti, dakSiNa dizA kI ora na jAnA, madhukUpa Adi kI ghaTanAoM se rAjasthAnI jaina premAkhyAna vikasita hue haiN| ___ jaina kaviyoM ne prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM bhI aneka premAkhyAnakoM kI sarjanA inameM zIla mAhAtmaya kI sthApanA hetu nAyaka-nAyikA ke ekaniSTha prema kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| prAkRta meM haribhadra kI samarAicca kahA, udyotanasUri kRta 1. jAtaka kathA (prathama khaNDa) hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, pR. 173-76 2. vahI, pR. 376 3. vahI (dUsarA khaNDa)--vahI, pR.64 4. vahI (tRtIya khaNDa)vahI, pR49 5. vahI, pR.47 6. vahI (caturtha khaNDa) vahI, pR. 187 7. vahI, pR. 187 8. vahI, pR. 387

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM 33 kuvalayamAlA, vAsudeva hiNDI, jinaharSagaNi viracita raNayaseharIkahA Adi tathA apabhraMza kI dhanapAla kRta bhavisayatakahA, puSpadantakRta nayakumAra cariu, nayanaMdI racita sadasaNa-cariu, lAkhU kI jiNadatta cariu Adi cariusaMjJaka racanAeM isa dRSTi se prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke ullekhanIya premAkhyAna haiN| yoM to ina racanAoM kA mukhya lakSaNa jaina sampradAya (dharma) sambandhI AcAra saMhitA kI zikSA denA hai kintu ina zikSAoM ko adhika upAdeya evaM lokapriya banAne ke lie inakA AraMbha zRMgArika pravRtti se kiyA hai aura anta zAnta rasa meM / yahI zailI sAhitya jagat meM jaina zailI nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| rAjasthAnI meM racita jaina kaviyoM ke premAkhyAna bhI isI zailI meM varNita hai| sAtha hI mUla AkhyAna bhI prAkRta-apabhraMza se gRhIta hai| isake pramukha do kAraNa sambhava hai--prathama, marugurjara saMjJaka bhUbhAga meM taba vartamAna rAjasthAna kA bahuta bar3A bhU bhAga sammilita thA, jisameM prAkRta aura apabhraMza evaM unake vibhinna rUpa pracalita the| dvitIya apabhraMza ke bAda hI usake vibhinna rUpoM se bhArata ke vibhinna bhUbhAgoM kI dezaja bhASAeM vikasita huii| ataH apabhraMza sAhitya kA rAjasthAnI jaisI prAntIya bhASA kI sAhityika zailI ko prabhAvita karanA svAbhAvika hI thI / isa prakAra rAjasthAnI ke jaina premAkhyAnoM kI kathya aura zailI kI dRSTi se apabhraMza jaina premAkhyAnoM ke nikaTa hI mAnanA cAhiye / isa AdhAra para yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki rAjasthAnI jaina premAkhyAnoM kI paramparA prAcIna hai| 13 vIM zatAbdI se tatsambandhI prasaMgoM kA ullekha hotA rahA hai| ina sabhI kA paricaya denA sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa kaThina hai| ataH yahAM hama ullekhanIya rAjasthAnI jaina premAkhyAnoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kara rahe haiN| 1. siri thULibhadra phAgu' anya prApta pratiyoM meM isakA nAma siri thUliphAga bhI milatA hai / phAga kAvya zailI kI yaha sarvAdhika prAcIna racanA mAnI gaI hai| isakA racayitA jainAcArya jinapadmasUri hai / inhe vi.saM. 1390 meM AcArya pada prApta huA tathA nirvANa vi.saM. 1400 meM / ataH isa racanA kA nirmANa kAla inhIM 10 varSoM ke madhya mAnanA ucita hogaa| 1. saM. cImanalAla dalAla-prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha, 1920 I. 2. pro. mara. majamUdAra-gujarAtI sAhitya nA svarUpo, AcArya buka Dipo, baDodarA, pR. 214

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34 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya sthUlibhadra magadha deza kI rAjadhAnI pATalIpatra (pATana) ke rAjA naMda ke maMtrI zakaTAra kA putra thaa| pATana kI rAja gaNikA kozA se usakA prema ho gyaa| vaha usake sAtha bAraha varSoM taka rhaa| isI bIca rAjA naMda kI mRtyu ho gii| maMtrI ne use rAjapATa hetu bulAyA kintu pazcAtApavaza usane rAja-kAja nahIM saMbhAlA / vaha cAturmAsa karane punaH kozA kI raMgazAlA meM hI gayA / kozA ne usake saMyamavrata ko tor3ane ke aneka prayatna kiye, kintu viphala rhii| anta meM kozA ne bhI apane priyatama kA anusaraNa kara vairAgya dhAraNa kiyaa| ___ kavi ne aneka uddIpanoM ke mAdhyama se prema prasaMgoM kI avatAraNA kI hai| sthUlibhadra ko lalacAne hetu vaha solaha zRMgAroM se paripUrNa hokara usake samakSa prastuta hotI hai| kintu sthUlibhadra ke saMyama tapa ke samakSa kozA ke sabhI prayatna viphala ho jAte haiN| mahA balavAna kAmadeva ratiyuddha ke prAMgaNa meM vijita ho jAtA hai aura kavi apane lakSya kI pUrti karatA hai aI balavaMta sumoharAu, jiNi nANi nidhaaddiu| jhANa khaDaggiNa mayaNa-subhau samaraMgaNi pADiu / sthalibhadra-sambandhI yaha AkhyAna jaina AcAra saMhitA meM atyadhika mahatvapUrNa rahA hai / isa AkhyAna ko lekara madhyakAla meM choTI-bar3I aneka racanAeM likhI gaI, jinakA ullekha hamane isI saMgraha ke eka anya lekha meM kiyA hai| sthUlibhadra sambandhI katipaya racanAoM kA prakAzana rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna ne bhI kiyA hai| kuzala lAbha kRta sthUlibhadra chattIsI kA saMpAdana hamane saptasiMdhu meM prakAzita karavA diyA hai| 2. neminAtha phAgu__. prAkRtakAla se hI jaina dharma ke 22 veM tIrthakara neminAtha aura rAjula kA premAkhyAna pracalita rahA hai| yahAM bhI kavi maladhArI rAjazekhara sUri ne isI prasaMga ko lekara isakI racanA vi.saM. 1405 meM kI / aisI mAnyatA hai ki yaduvaMzI neminAtha kRSNa ke 1. mayaNa khagga jima lahalahaMta jasu veNI dNddo| saralau taralau sAmalau romAvali dNddo| tuMga payohare ullasaI, siMgAra thapakkA / kusuma bANi amiya kuMbha, phiri thApiNi mukkA / 12 -gujarAtI sAhitya no svarUpo, pR. 216-17

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM kAkA ke putra the| unakA vivAha ugrasena kI duhitA rAjamatI rAjula ke sAtha huA thaa| jaba vara yAtrA ugrasena ke dvAra para pahuMcI to vahAM eka bakare kA vadha bArAtiyoM ke satkAra hetu kiyA jA rahA thaa| isa ghaTanA ko sunakara neminAtha ko atyadhika glAni huI / ve vivAha kie binA hI vahAM se cala pdd'e| rAjamatI nirantara vara ke ghor3e kA mArga johane lgii| use vara dvArA samAcAra milA ki vaha lagna kI tulanA meM tapa ko adhika mahatva detA hai| __ jaina-sAhitya meM yaha AkhyAna itanA lokapriya rahA ki delavAr3A ke mandira ke zilpa meM ina prasaMgoM kA Alekhana kiyA gyaa| pATaNa ke maMdira meM bhI neminAtha kI ratha yAtrA kA citraNa milatA hai| kavi ne isa racanA ko phAgu saMjJaka pramANita karane hetu vasanta vihAra kA citraNa kiyA hai| AkAra kI dRSTi se yaha racanA kAphI choTI hai| 27 chandoM kI isa premAkhyAnaka racanA meM sAta khaNDa hai aura pratyeka khaNDa kI prathama kar3I dUhe meM hai, dUsarI rolA meN| apane priyatama ke darzanArtha jisa zRMgAra ke sAtha vaha pratIkSArata hai, dekhate banatA hai kima-kima rAjala devI taNau siNagAra bhnnevu| caMpaI-gorI aI dhoI aMgi caMdanu taNu leva / / pe bharAviu jAI kusumi kasatUrI sArI / sImaMtaI siMdura reha motIsari sAri / / 3 / / maragada jAdara kaMcuyau, kuDa kullaha mAlA / kari kaMkaNa maNivalaya, cUDa, khar3a kApaI bAlA / / 20 / / 3. pRthvIrAja vAgvilAsa AcArya merutuMga ke ziSya mANikyacaMdra sUri kI yaha racanA' viSaya evaM baMdha donoM hI dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai / kavi ne ise vacanikA zailI meM likhA hai / sauSThavayukta gadya kI dRSTi se DA. zivasvarUpa acala ne isakI bhASA ko rAjasthAnI kA sabase pahalA sAhityika rUpa mAnA hai|2 1. kavi kI anya racanAeM haiM--malayasuMdarI kathA (vi.1478), guNavarmA caritra, satarabhedI pUjA kathA, catupUrvI kathA, zukarAja kathA, saMvibhAga-kathA Adi / 1. rAjasthAnI gadya sAhityaH udbhava aura vikAsa, pR.54

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36 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya mANikyacaMda sUri ne isakI racanA vi.saM. 1478 meM kii| kRti meM mahArASTra ke pahugaNapura paTTaNa ke rAjA pRthvIcaMdra tathA ayodhyA ke rAjA somadeva kI putrI ratnamaMjarI kA praNayAkhyAna varNita hai| svapna meM pRthvIcaMdra ko devI rAjakumArI ko prApta karane kI preraNA detI hai / vaha senA sahita usake svayaMvara meM varamAlA lekara pahuMcatA hai kintu vaitAla apanI mAyA se ratnamaMjarI ko le jAtA hai / para anta meM pRthvIcaMda devI kI sahAyatA se ratnamaMjarI ko prApta kara letA hai / "pRthvIrAja vAgvilAsa" ke dvitIya vilAsa meM racanA kA kAvyatva aura jaina zailI ke svarUpa kA suMdara paricaya prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| premAkhyAna ko pallavita karane hetu kavi ne yahAM vasaMta ke sundara varNana ke sAtha hI nAyikA ke solaha zRMgAra, vana-vihAra, saMyoga Adi ke suMdara citra khIMce haiN| 1 sAta dvIpa, saptakSetra, saptanada, SaT parvata, battIsa sahasra deza nagara, rAjasabhA, vana, senA Adi jaina kathAnaka rur3hiyoM kA bhI suMdara varNana huA hai| bhASA aura bhAva donoM hI dRSTi se yaha eka bejor3a racanA kahI jA sakatI hai| pro. majamUdAra ne ise nAma ke AdhAra para cauhAnavaMzIya prasiddha pRthvIrAja se sambaddha racanA mAnane kA saMketa diyA hai kintu kathA kI dRSTi se yaha pUrNataH jaina viSayaka kRti hai / 4. vidyAvilAsa pavADau yaha jaina AkhyAna sAhitya meM pracalita rAjA vidyAvilAsa kA caritra hai| hIrAcaMda sUri ne isakI racanA vi.saM. 1485 meM kii| rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura meM isakI vi.saM. 1676 meM lipita eka sacitra prati "vidyAvilAsa sacitra rAsa" nAma se saMgRhIta hai / 3 jaina AkhyAna sambandhI isa racanA kA mUla AdhAra vinayacaMdra kRta saMskRta kI racanA mallinAtha kAvya ( racanA saM. 1285 ke Asa-pAsa ) hai / hIrAnaMda ne isI racanA ke dvitIya sarga meM varNita mUrkhacaTTa aura vinayacaTTa kI upakathA ko apanI racanA kA AdhAra banAyA hai / kavi ne isa kathA ko pavADA rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai- vidyA vilAsa nariMda pavADau, hIyar3A bhitari jANi / aMtarAya viNu puNya karau, tumhi bhAva dhaNerau ANi // 1. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha- gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIja, aMka 13, pR. 102 2. gujarAtI sAhitya nAM svarUpo madhyakAlIna padyasvarUpa 3. hali. graMthAMka 10827 ( rAprAvi.pra. jodhapura saMgraha )

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM ___37 kavi hIrAnaMda ne sampUrNa kAvya meM rAjakumArI sohaga suMdarI (sobhAgya suMdarI) evaM ujjayanI ke zreSThI putra dhanasAgara kI premakathA dvArA tapa ke mahatva ko pratipAdita kiyA hai / nAyikA ke prema kI tar3apana' ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue pro. ma.ra. majamUdAra kA kathana hai, "vidyAvilAsa rAjA puruSa ne badale temano vAta mAM vidyAvilAsino ovI nAyikA banI jAya che te khUba ramuja utpanna kare chai / "2 __racanA sAhityikatA ke sAtha hI tad yugIna samAja ko bhI pUrNataH abhivyakti de rahI hai| usa yuga kI kalAtmaka pravRttiyoM, rAjadarabArI saMskRti, nArI manovijJAna, vyApAra aura vANijya Adi ke aneka suMdara dRzya isake mahatva ko dvigaNita karate haiN| 5. tejasAra-rAsa caupAI rAjasthAnI premAkhyAna lekhakoM meM jaina kavi kuzalalAbha kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / kuzalalAbha ne jaina evaM jainetara viSayoM para premAkhyAnaka racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA caupaI aura DholA-mAravaNI caupaI kavi kI jainetara viSayaka premAkhyAnaka racanAeM haiM / kuzalalAbha ne apane jIvanakAla meM jainAkhyAnoM ko lekara nimnalikhita premAkhyAnoM kA sRjana kiyA1. jinapAlita jina rakSita saMdhi gAthA (vi.saM.1621) 2. tejasAra rAsa caupaI (vi.saM.1624) 3. agar3adattarAsa (vi.saM.1625) bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI (vi.saM. 1643) 5. sthUlibhadra chattIsI evaM 6. guNavatI suMdarI caupaI / jaina-zramaNa-saMskRti meM muni tejasAra eka kAlpanika aura jAduI kathAnaka para 1. nisi bharI sohaga suMdarI re,joi vAlaMbha vATa; nIMdra na AvaI nayaNa le re, hiauI kharau ucATa / / 2. gujarAtI sAhitya nA svarUpo-madhyakAlIna padya svarUpa, pR. 126 isa racanA kA kucha sUciyoM meM guNasuMdarI caupaI' nAma milatA hai / DA.kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla dvArA nirmita sUcI meM 'kanaka suMdarI caupaI' nAma se varNita hai| kintu yaha kuzalalAbha kI saMdigdha racanA hai|

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38 AdhRta carcita caritra hai, kintu unake zramaNa saMskAroM para bahuta kama kaviyoM ne apanI lekhanI calAI / isIliye kuzalalAbha kRta tejasAra rAsa caupaI kA mahatva svataH bar3ha jAtA hai / Alocya racanA meM kavi kuzalalAbha ne muni tejasAra ke bAhubala aura prema-krIr3AoM kI kathA kahI hai| tejasAra ke janma evaM unake pUrvajanma ke vRttAnta dvArA kavi ne jaina-samAja meM dIpa pUjana ke mahAtmya ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| kuzalalAbha ne aneka ghAta-pratighAta pUrNa ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se tejasAra ke zrAvaka rUpa kI pratiSThA kI hai / jaina AcAra saMhita ke AdhAra para tejasAra kI praNaya kathAoM se usake bAhubala ko puSTa karate hue jaina dharma meM dIkSA ke mahatva ko bhI kavi ne ati sauSThava ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 6. surasundarI rAsa - sthUlabhadra kI prema-kathA ke samAna hI aneka jaina lekhakoM ne surasuMdarI aura amarakumAra ke pracalita premAkhyAna ko bhI vividha rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA hai / aisI hI racanAeM haiM nayasundara viracita surasuMdarI rAsa (vi.saM. 1646 ) 1 evaM muni dharmavardhana kRta 'amara kuMvara surasuMdarI caupAI (vi.saM. 1736) 12 Alocya racanA surasuMdarI rAsa meM kavi nayasuMdara ne zreSThI putra amara kumAra aura rAjakumArI surasundarI kI premakathA ko bar3e hI rocaka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| donoM eka hI pAThazAlA meM vidyArata haiN| kisI dina strI-puruSa ke adhikAroM ke vAda-vivAda ke kAraNa donoM meM anabana ho jAtI hai / kintu guNoM kI dRSTi meM rakhate hue rAjA apanI putrI surasundarI kA vivAha amara kumAra ke sAtha kara detA hai / sahaja gRhastha jIvana bhogate hue hI acAnaka amarakumAra ko apanA deza chor3a siMhaladvIpa kI ora jAnA par3atA hai| isa saMkaTa ke samaya sura-suMdarI bhI usI ke sAtha calI jAtI hai| 1 mArga meM pIne ke pAnI ko prApta karane ko jaba amara kumAra bar3hatA hai, tabhI use surasuMdarI dvArA bacapana meM kie apamAna kA smaraNa huaa| vaha pratizodha lene ke liye surasuMdarI ko vahIM akelA soye hue chor3a gayA / nIMda TUTane para vikala huI zIlavrata kI rakSA karatI huI vaha puruSa veza meM campAvatI ke rAjA ke pAsa phuNcii| vahAM vaha bImAra rAjA ko svastha karake usase AdhA rAjya prApta karatI hai| tabhI amarakumAra bhI vahA pahuMca jAtA hai / donoM punaH mila jAte haiM 1 1. 2. jaina zvetAmbara mandira, ajamera meM surakSita prati rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha. graM. 27380

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM 39 isa prakAra isa racanA kA anta sukhAnta hai| anya jaina-premAkhyAnoM ke samAna nijandharI antarkathAoM kA bhI prayoga kama huA hai / para bartamAna kI jvalanta samasyA strI-puruSoM kI samAnatA ke prazna se bhI avagata karAtI hai| yahI sAhitya kA cirantana satya hai| ataH soca kI dRSTi se isa premAkhyAna kA mahatva hai| isI samasyA kA udghATana mahAmahopAdhyAya samayasundara kI premAkhyAnaka kRti puNyasAra caupaI (vi.saM.1673)' meM bhI huA hai| 7. siMhala suta caupaI__madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya-maNDala meM mahAmahopAdhyAya samayasundara kA bhI ullekhanIya sthAna rahA hai / kuzalalAbha kI bhAMti hI samayasuMdara ne bhI jaina evaM jainetara caritroM se sambandhita premAkhyAna likhe / mRgAvatI AkhyAna sUphI kaviyoM kI pramukha viSayavastu rahI hai kintu kavi ne isI AkhyAna ko jaina zailI meM prastuta kara aura adhika mahatvapUrNa banA diyA hai / rAjA sAtanIka kI mRtyu ke uparAnta mRgAvatI kA vairAgya dhAraNa karanA evaM usase prerita ho caNDapradyota dvArA saMyamavrata dhAraNa karanA isa kathA meM kavi samayasuMdara kI maulikatA kA pramANa hai / 2 Alocya racanA "siMhalasta caupaI" kA sRjana samayasuMdara ne vi.saM. 1672 meM mer3atA meM kiyaa| yaha gyAraha DhAloM meM racita eka sarasa premAkhyAnaka racanA hai jisameM kavi ne siMhaladvIpa ke rAjakumAra siMhalakumAra aura dhanavatI kI prema kathA kA nirupaNa kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM kathA isa prakAra hai siMhaladvIpa kA rUpavAna aura vIra rAjakumAra siMhala vasaMta Rtu meM bhramaNa ke liye nikalA to usane jalakrIr3A nimitta AI nagara-seTha kI kanyA dhanavatI ko hAthI ke caMgula meM dekhA / apanI bahAdurI se usane dhanavatI ko hAthI se mukta kiyaa| donoM meM prema ho gayA aura vivAha kara liyaa| prasthAna karate samaya rAjakumAra samudra kI uttAla taraMgoM meM guma gayA aura dhanavaMtI priyamelaka nAmaka tIrtha para pahuMca gii| vaha apane priya siMhalasiMha ke milana hetu mauna tapa meM lIna ho gii| udhara siMhalasiMha ratanavatI nagarI meM pahuMcA to rAjakumArI ratanavatI ko sarpa ke viSa se mukta kara dene para usake pitA ratnaprabha ne usakA vivAha siMhalasuta ke sAtha kara diyaa| 1. saM. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA-samayasuMdara rAsa paMcaka 2. (ka) saM. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA-samayasuMdara rAsa paMcaka (kha) rA.prA.vipra.jodhapura,ha.paM.

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40 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya rAjakumArI ratnavatI ke sAtha usane apane purohita rudradatta ko bhI bhejA / mArga meM vaha usa para mohita ho gayA aura chala se use samudra meM girA diyaa| vaha bhI uttAla taraMgoM se bacakara priyamelakadvIpa pahuMca gaI aura dhanavatI ke pAsa baiThakara mauna tapasyA karane lagI / rAjakumAra siMhalasiMha bhI uttAla taraMgoM se bacakara eka tApasa ke pAsa rahane lgaa| vahIM tApasa kanyA rupamatI usa para mugdha ho gii| tApasa ne usakA vivAha siMhalasuta ke sAtha kara diyA / karameka ne aneka jAduI vidhAe dekara vidA kiyA / donoM priyamelaka dvIpa phuNce| vahAM siMhalasuta ko eka sarpa ne Dasa liyA / vaha kurupa ho gayA / rUpamatI bhI use pahacAna na sakI aura vaha bhI dhanavatI ke samIpa mauna vrata lekara baiTha gaI / maunavrata kI carcA hone lagI / eka dina tInoM ne hI apane maunavrata kI kahAnI kahakara apanA mauna tor3a diyaa| udhara devayoga se rAjakumAra ko apanA vAstavika rUpa mila gayA | apane priya ko prApta kara tInoM striyAM ati prasanna huI / kusumapura ke rAjA ko bhI jaba siMhalasuta kA paricaya milA to usane bhI apanI putrI kA unake sAtha vivAha kara diyaa| rAjakumAra siMhalasiMha apanI cAroM patniyoM ke sAtha AnaMdapUrvaka rahane lagA / 8. lIlAvatI caupaI gorA-bAdala padminI caritra caupaI ke racayitA hemaratana sUri kI yaha anya mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| hemaratna sUri vAcaka padmarAja ke ziSya the aura prApta racanAoM ke AdhAra para unakA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1616-1673 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| Alocya kRti lIlAvatI caupaI kA racanA kAla vi.saM. 1673 hai / kavi ne isakI racanA pAlI nagara meM raha kara kI / pATana nagara ke dhanA seTha kI patnI dhanavaMtI kI putrI lIlAvatI aura kozAMbI ke sAgara seTha ke putra zrIrAja ke ekaniSTha prema kI kahAnI hI isa racanA kI viSaya vastu hai / kathA kA anta hemaratna ne zrIrAja aura lIlAvatI ke pUrva bhava ke vRtAMta ke sAtha kiyA hai / zIla-dharma kI sthApanA karane vAlI isa kathA ko kavi ne dohA - caupAI ke kar3avakoM meM bAMdhA hai / kAvyatva kI dRSTi se bhI yaha eka mahatI racanA siddha hotI hai / rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha. graM. 3500 (puSpikA) 1.

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina- premAkhyAnaka racanAeM 9. premavilAsa premalatA lAhaura nivAsI zrAvaka jaTamala nAhara kI sAta racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / inameM se eka mahatvapUrNa racanA "premavilAsa premalatA " premAkhyAna hai / racanA kI puSpikA ke anusAra kavi ne isakA nirmANa jalAlapura (vartamAna pAkistAna) meM vi.saM. 1693 kI bhAdrapada zuklA 4 ravivAra ko kiyA / racanA meM yotanapura ke rAjA prema vijaya kI kanyA premalatA aura maMtrI madana vilAsa ke putra premavilAsa ke prema kI kathA kahI gaI hai / premalatA aura premavilAsa donoM jaba eka hI pAThazAlA meM par3hate the, tabhI unameM prema pallavita ho gayA / apane pitA dvArA nizcita vivAha tithi se pUrva amAvasyA ko premalatA ne rAtri ko mahAkAlI maMdira meM premavilAsa ke sAtha gaMdharva vivAha kara bhAgane kI yojanA banAI / yoginI dvArA pUrva meM sIkhI gaI jAduI vidyA kA prayoga kara premalatA apane premI prema vilAsa ke sAtha ur3akara ratanapura phuNcii| vahAM kA rAjA niHsaMtAna hI mara gayA thA / ataH devadatta hAthI dvArA "maMgala kalaza" premavilAsa para DaMDela diye jAne para nagaravAsiyoM ne use vahAM kA rAjA banA diyaa| donoM bar3e Ananda ke sAtha rahane lage / isa prakAra kathA meM alaukika kathA prasaMgoM ke hote hue bhI yaha racanA anya jaina racanAoM kI tulanA meM kama kathAtmaka jaTilatA lie hue hai / kavi ke paMjAba pravAsI hone se kRti para paMjAbI bhASA kA prabhAva bhI lakSita hotA hai / 10. bacharAja caupaI Alocya racanA kI kathA kA AdhAra madhyakAlIna janapriya loka AkhyAna baccharAja se sambaddha hai| jaina kavi vinayalAbha ne isa kathA ko caubIsa DhAloM aura cAra khaNDoM meM nirUpita kiyA hai / kavi ne isakI racanA vi.saM. 1737 kI pauSa kRSNA dvitIyA, somavAra ko mulatAna nagara meM kii| 2 kavi ne adbhuta aura zRMgAra rasa ke mAdhyama se zIla kI sthApanA kI hai / kSita pratiSTha nagara ke rAjA vIrasena kI paTarAnI se devarAja aura dUsarI rAnI se baccharAja kA janma huA / vIrasena ke svargastha hone 41 1. saM. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA--padminI caritra caupaI, sArdUla rAjasthAnI risarca insTITyUTa, bIkAnera, pR. 38-39, prathama saMskaraNa saMvat satrai saitIse,posa mAsa vadi bIja / tiNa dina kIdhI caupaI, somavAra tIya hIja // zrI bacharAja kumAra taNau cihaM khaMDe saMbaMdha / 2. zrI mulatAna meM prasiddha gaNai prabaMdha // - zrI jaina zvetAmbara maMdira, ajamera, ha. graM. lipikAla saM. 1889, patra 62

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya para, devarAja ne apane sautele bhAI baccharAja ko deza nikAlA de diyA aura svayaM rAjA bana baiThA / baccharAja apanI mAtA dhAraNI ke sAtha ujjayinI pahuMcA aura vahAM lakar3ahAre kA kAma karane lgaa| apane AcArya dvArA sIkhI vidyAoM dvArA usane vahAM ke rAjA ko bhI prasanna kara liyaa| rAjA kI icchAnusAra usane aneka adbhuta kArya kie| yakSa maMdira se vidyAdharI kI kaMcukI curAkara rAnI ko bheMTa dI / dattaseTha kI putrI kI mAyAvI pIr3AoM se mukta kara usase vivAha kiyaa| vidyAdhariyoM ke deza meM jAkara svarNacUlA aura ratnacUlA nAmaka vidyAdhariyoM se vivAha kiyaa| eka dina rAjA ina vidyAdhariyoM ko dekhakara una para mohita ho gyaa| unheM prApta karane ke lie usane baccharAja ko apane mArga se haTAnA caahaa| ataH nitya naI asaMbhAvya vastuoM kI mAMga karane lgaa| kiMtu baccharAja apanI kalAoM dvArA use tuSTa kara detaa| anta meM rAjA apanI duSTatA para lajjita huA aura usane apanI rAjakumArI kA vivAha usake sAtha kara diyaa| udhara devarAja ke duSTa kAryoM se taMga Akara kSita pratiSTha nagara kI janatA ne baccharAja ko Akara rAjya saMbhAlane kA nimaMtraNa diyaa| baccharAja ne jana-sahayoga se devarAja ko parAjita kara apanA rAjya sNbhaalaa| yahIM kavi ne baccharAja ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| 11. candrarAja caritra___"candrarAja caritra" ke racayitA muni kIrtivijaya ke ziSya jaina muni mohana vijaya haiM / isa premAkhyAna ke atirikta mohana vijaya dvArA racita anya mahatvapUrNa premAkhyAnaka racanAeM haiM mAnatuMga mAnavatI caritra (li.kAla vi.saM. 1887) aura ratanapAla ratanAvalI rAsa (vi.saM. 1732) hai| Alocya racanA kA nirmANa kavi ne rAjanagara meM caumAsA bitAte hue vi.saM. 1782 (pauSa zuklA paMcamI) ko kiyaa| upalabdha hastalikhita prati ke anusAra usakI kathA isa prakAra hai__AbhA nagarI kA rAjA vIrasena eka dina ghor3e para baiThakara mahAvana meM phuNcaa| vahAM usane eka yogI ke caMgula se rAjakumArI caMdrAvatI ko mukta karavAkara usase vivAha kiyaa| sautiyA DAha se abhibhUta ho paTarAnI vIramatI ne aisI paristhitiyAM utpanna kara dI ki glAnivaza usane caMdrarAja ko rAjya sauMpakara vairAgya dhAraNa kara liyaa| vIramatI ne aba caMdrasena kI rAnI guNAvalI ko apane jAduI vidyAoM se vazIbhUta kiyaa| vaha use eka dina per3a para biThAkara vimalapurI ke rAjA kI kanyA 1. zrI jaina zvetAmbara mandira, ajamera, patra saM. 135

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM 43 premalAcchI kA vivAha dikhAne le gii| candrarAja bhI chipakara vahIM unake sAtha jA phuNcaa| premalAlacchI kA vara siMhalapurI kA rAjakumAra kanakadhvaja koDhI thA, ataH usake sthAna para eka dina ke lie rAjA candrarAja ko vara banA diyA gyaa| rAtri ko yaha bheda premalAlacchI ke sammukha prakaTa ho gyaa| usane rAjA caMdrasena ke sAtha calane kA Agraha kiyA, kintu caMdrarAja ne use kucha dinoM bAda apane sAtha le jAne kA AzvAsana diyaa| vaha vahAM se calakara punaH per3a ke koTara meM baiTha gayA aura AbhApurI A phuNcaa| jaba vIramatI ko isa bAta kA patA calA to usane caMdrarAja ko maMtra vidyA se kUrkaTa banA diyaa| eka dina zivanaTa ko yaha kUrkaTa puraskAra svarupa prApta huaa| zivanaTa kUrkaTa sahita bhramaNa karatA huA siddhatIrtha phuNcaa| vahAM tIrtha meM snAna karate hI candrarAja ne apanA pUrva rUpa prApta kiyaa| tadanantara premalAlacchI ko virahAgni se mukta karake usake sAtha apane rAjya ko lauTA / usane vIramatI ko daNDita kara apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha sukhamaya jIvana bitAne lgaa| kathA kA anta candrarAja ke pUrva bhava ke vRttAnta ke sAtha huA hai| __ varNanAtmakatA kI dRSTi se yaha eka anupama racanA hai| naTa ne apanI nATyakalA pradarzana ke samaya vibhinna janapadoM kI sthAnIya vizeSatAoM kA rocaka varNana kiyA hai| jaina samAja meM pracalita rAjA caMdrarAja aura premalAlacchI kI lokakathA ko ati caturAI ke sAtha apanI racanA kA AdhAra banA kara usameM jaina kathAnaka rur3hiyoM kA samAveza kara maulika rUpa meM vikasita kiyA hai| 12. mRgalekhA caupaI ___ magalekhA evaM mRgAMkalekhA caupaI nAma se isake aneka jaina rUpAntara upalabdha hote haiN| jaina sAhitya meM pracalita isa kathA kA prAcInatama rUpa saMskRta ke kavi bhaTTa aparAjita kI mRgAMkalekhA meM milatA hai kintu yaha racanA aba anupalabdha hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA kA sabase prAcIna rUpa jaina zvetAmbara kavi vaccha kRta "mRgAMkalekhA caritra" meM hai| upalabdha prati meM isakA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1520 ke Asa-pAsa 1. gaveSaNA patrikA, udayapura (julAI 1953), pR. 136 2. DA. rAmagopAla goyala-rAjasthAnI ke premAkhyAna, paramparA aura pragati, rAjasthAna prakAzana, jayapura, saM. 1969, pR. 107

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44 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kahA gayA hai| Alocya racanA jaina RSi rAyacaMda ne vi.saM 1838 kI bhAdavA vadi ekAdazI ko jodhapura nagara meM kI / isameM 62 DhAloM meM mRgalekhA kI premaniSTha sarasa kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne isa kathA kI preraNA "zIlataraMgiNI" nAmaka racanA se lI kintu usakI prastuti meM pUrNa maulikatA kA prayoga kiyA / prApta hastalikhita prati ke anusAra isakI kathA isa prakAra hai ujjainI ke seTha dhanasAgara kI kanyA ati rUpavatI thii| usake lAvaNya ko dekhakara seTha sAgaradatta kA putra sAgaracaMda usa para mohita ho gayA / sAgaracaMda ke viraha ko jAMcakara usakA vivAha mRgalekhA ke sAtha kara diyA gyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt sAgaracaMda apanI mudrikA mRgalekhA ko dekara zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane ko gyaa| pIche mRgAvatI ke caritra para AzaMkA kara use garbhAvasthA meM hI ghara se nikAla diyA gyaa| mRgAvatI para ApadAoM kA pahAr3a TUTa par3A / prasUta putra ko jaMgala meM koI uThA le gyaa| usake zIla bhaMga karane ke prayatna kie ge| kintu dhairyapUrvaka usane saba kaSTa sahate hue apane satItva kI rakSA kii| anta meM usakA putra bar3A ho kara kisI rAjakumArI se vivAha kara apanI mAtA se milaa| sAgaracaMda bhI zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara mRgAvatI ke pAsa AyA aura saba sukha pUrvaka rahane lge| kathA kA anta mRgAMkalekhA aura sAgaradata ke pUrva bhava vRtAMta se samApta kiyA gayA hai / 13. kalAvatI caupAI kavi rikha sAdhu ne isakI racanA vi.saM. 1861 meM Azvina zuklA 1, budhavAra ko kI / racanA kA viSaya avantI ke rAjakumAra zaMkha aura rAjakumArI kalAvatI ke praNaya se sambaddha hai / jaina kavi rikhasAdhu ne nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke premaparaka manobhAvoM kA ati sarasa citraNa kiyA hai| prasaMgAnusAra loka pracalita kathAnakarur3hiyoM dvArA kathA kA vikAsa kiyA gayA hai| nagara meM bhramaNa karate hue zaMkhakumAra para aneka yuvatiyAM Asakta ho gaI / nagaravAsiyoM kI zikAyata para use deza nikAlA de diyA gyaa| mArga kI aneka bAdhAoM para vijaya prApta kara usane eka rAkSasa kI kanyA se vivAha kiyaa| aneka siddhiyAM usane usase prApta kii| eka dina vaha rAjakumArI 1. jaina maMdira, pAnIpata 2. rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, haM.naM. 5991

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM kalAvatI kA citra dekhakara usa para mugdha ho gyaa| aneka vipadAoM ko dUra kara usase vivAha kiyaa| taduparAnta anya prema kathAoM aura jaina AkhyAnoM ke anurUpa kalAvatI ke kaSToM kA kAvya meM varNana huA hai aura anta meM kalAvatI ke zIladharma evaM prema kI ekaniSThatA kI rakSA karate hue zaMkha kumAra kA milana karAyA gayA hai / kathA kA anta unake pUrva bhava kI kathA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra Alocya racanA mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA kathA se prabhAvita lagatI hai| vahAM bhI mAdhavAnala ke sauMdarya para nagara kI striyAM Asakta kahI gaI haiM / kuzalalAbha kRta mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA caupaI meM bhI yahI kathAtaMtu milatA hai| jaina premAkhyAnaka racanAoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA haiM ki ye racanAeM rAsa, caritra, phAgu, vilAsa, vivAhalo, veli, DhAla Adi zIrSakoM meM racita haiN| adhikAMza racanAeM prabandhAtmakatA liye hue haiM jinakI viSayavastu loka meM pracalita jaina nAyaka-nAyikAoM kI premakathAoM se sambaddha haiN| ye nAyaka-nAyikA rAjakula ke rAjakumAra-rAjakumAriyoM yA rAjakula se sambandhita maMtrI, prohita, sAmanta, seTha ke putra-putriyAM haiM / inameM prema kA prAraMbha pratyakSa-darzana aura rUpa-guNa-zravaNa dvArA huA hai| nAyaka-nAyikAoM meM premoddIpana evaM unake saMyoga meM sahAyaka totA, maMtrI-putra, bhATa, sakhiyAM Adi pAtra hue haiN| isa saMyoga meM unheM mArga meM aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A hai / nAyikA kI prApti ke uparAnta punaH apane ghara lauTate hue pahale se bhI adhika vipadAoM (okhA) kA punaH sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, yathA, rAkSasiyoM dvArA nAyaka ko rokanA', nAyaka-nAyikA ke vizrAmasthala kI chata kA giranA Adi / kintu ina bAdhAoM se ve vidyAdharoM-vidyAdhAriyoM, vaitAla, nAyaka dvArA inase prApta jAduI vidyAoM, ziva-pArvatI Adi kI sahAyatAoM se mukta hue haiN| sabhI jaina premAkhyAnoM kA prAraMbha maMgalAcaraNa dvArA huA hai| ye maMgalAcaraNa sarasvatI vaMdanA ke sAtha guruvaMdanA, jinaprabhu AzrayadAtA athavA tatkAlIna zAsaka kI stuti ke sAtha huA hai / maMgalAcaraNa ke bAda jaMbUdvIpa, zatrujaya giri, samedazikhara Adi kA smaraNa karate hue kavi ne apanA paricaya diyA hai| taduparAnta racanA kA AraMbha vistAra se aneka ghAta pratighAta yukta ghaTanAoM ke sAtha huA hai| prAyaH sabhI jaina premAkhyAnaka racanAoM kA anta pUrva bhava ke vRttAnta ke sAtha huA hai| isase yaha 1. tejasAra rAsa caupaI; jinapAlita jina rakSita saMdhigAthA (kuzalalAbha),puNyasAra caupaI (samayasuMdara) 2. agar3adattarAsa (kuzalalAbha); kamalAvatIrAsa (rikha sAdhu)

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46 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina sampradAya meM pUrva janma evaM karmavAda ko yathocita sthAna milA hai| adhikAMza racanAeM DhAloM, prakAzoM, vilAsoM athavA chanda vizeSoM meM vibhakta haiM / anta meM puSpikA avazya milatI hai, jinameM racanA-kAla, guru paramparA, gaccha paramparA, lipikAla Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / jaina premAkhyAnakoM kA mUla uddezya zIlavrata kI pratiSThA karanA hai / zIlavrata se tAtparya prema kI ekaniSThatA se hai / isIliye jaina premAkhyAnakoM meM AraMbha meM ghora zRMgAra dikhAI detA hai kintu usakA anta zAnta rasa se hotA hai / ina premAkhyAnoM meM citrita zRMgAra meM apane uddezya kI prApti hetu nAyaka-nAyikA vipattiyAM bhogane ke bAda bhI pralobhanoM se dUra raha apane ekaniSTha prema kI aDigatA siddha karate haiN| yaha upakrama jaina kaviyoM-muniyoM kI dUradarzitA evaM vyAvahArikatA kA pariNAma hai| unakA yaha vairAgya citraNa mAtra kalpanA kI ur3Ana nahIM balki jIvana ke bhoga meM se tapa kara nikharA huA thaa|' tejasAra, agar3adatta sthUlabhadra, nemInAtharAjula, pRthvIrAja vAgvilAsa, vidyAvilAsa, prema-vilAsa- premalatA, baccharAja, mRgalekhA kamalAvatI Adi se sambandhita racanAeM isa kathya kI sAbhiprAya prAmANika kRtiyAM haiM / jaina kaviyoM ne apanI premAkhyAnaka racanAoM ko aura adhika vyAvahArika evaM prAmANika banAne nimitta purANoM meM pracalita loka prasiddha upAkhyAnoM yathA-nalopAkhyAna, zakuntalopAkhyAna, kAmakaMdalA AkhyAna Adi ko apanI kathAo kA AdhAra banAyA hai| ina alaukika evaM paurANika premAkhyAnoM ke Adi aura anta meM inhoMne apane siddhAntoM kA AropaNa kiyA hai| pratyeka racanA meM kisI jaina muni se upadeza suna kara dIkSita honA aura vRddhAvasthA meM apane putra ko rAjya sauMpakara saMsAra se vItarAga grahaNa karane kA ullekha inameM milatA hai / 2 yadi ina premAkhyAnoM meM ina dhArmika siddhAntoM ke AropaNa ko pRthaka kara diyA jAya to ye racanAeM vizuddha sAmAnya premAkhyAnaka racanAeM . bana jAyeMgI / isa prakAra jaina premAkhyAnaka racanAoM meM sampUrNa gRhastha jIvana kA citraNa milatA hai / yahAM nAyaka-nAyikA jaba saMsAra tyAga karate haiM to sabhI sAMsArika sukhoM upabhoga ke uparAnta apane putra ko rAjapATa saMbhalA karake / ataH ina racanAoM kA anta sukhada zAnta rasa meM hotA hai tathA loka rati kA paryavasAna brahma rati meM hotA hai / isIliye zrIcaMda jaina ne kahA hai, "jaina kAvya meM zAnti yA zama kI pradhAnatA hai / ........ 1. 2. DA. rAmagopAla goyala, rAjasthAnI ke premAkhyAnaH paraMparA aura pragati, pR. 160 anekAnta (traimAsika zodha patrikA), julAI - disambara 1977, pR.59 (lekhaka kA lekha)

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM ke zRMgArI rUpa, yauvana tathA tajjanya kAmottejanA Adi kA citraNa isI kAraNa jaina kaviyoM ne bahuta sUkSmatA se kiyA hai|" prAyaH sabhI jaina premAkhyAnakoM meM alaukika zaktiyoM, aTUTa AsthA, jAdU-Tone, maMtra-taMtra ke prati vizvAsa, bhaviSyavANiyoM meM zraddhA, svapnaphala aura zakunoM meM vizvAsa kA khula kara citraNa milatA hai| _ "mRgalekhA caupaI" (rAmacaMda) meM ullekha hai ki cakrezvarIdevI patnI se ruSTa sAgaradatta ko svapna meM Akara apanI patnI se milane kA Adeza detI haiM / caMdrarAja caritra (mohana vijaya) meM varNana hai ki siddharAja tIrtha meM snAna karane se mukti milatI hai| "uttamakumAra caritra" se viditi hotA hai ki rAnI ne jaba svapna meM sapheda hAthI dekhA to use uttama guNoM vAle rAjakumAra ke janma kA dyotaka kahA gayA / bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI (kuzalalAbha) kI nAyikA madanamaMjarI ko bhI haMsa kI bhaviSyavANI para ikkIsa dina bAda garbha prApta huaa|4 rAjasthAnI ke jaina premAkhyAnoM kI kathAvastu kA mUla AdhAra loka pracalita kathAeM rahI haiM / ataH jaina samAja meM pracalita sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM, loka vizvAsoM, sAMskRtika paramparAoM kA yathArtha citraNa milatA hai / jaina saMskRti meM prAyazcita kA bar3A mahatva hai / raNasiMha kumAra ko jaba apanI patnI kamalAvatI kI nirdoSatA kA patA calatA hai to vaha apane krUra vyavahAra ke prAyazcita ke rUpa meM citA meM jalane ko tatpara ho jAtA hai / 5 jaina samAja meM adhika dinoM taka strI kA pIhara meM rahanA tathA puruSa kA sasurAla meM rahanA parivAra kI riddhi siddhi ke liye hAnikAraka mAnA jAtA thA / 1. jaina kathAoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana,pR. 132-133 2. rA.prA. vi. pra., jodhapura, ha.aM.5991 3. sArdUla rAjasthAnI risarca insTITyUTa,bIkAnera, chaMda 2-3, pR. 111 4. eka deha chaMDI karI iNa ghari mujha avatAra madana maMjarI naha udari, avatAre sU niddhAri // 253 ela.DI. insTITyuTa, ahamadAbAda, ha.naM. 1217 5. ima kahiyo tAnA puruSa tehA ema khhe| citA karau ghava bATaNai kASTha ANaha // -raNasiMha kumAra caupaI (hali) jaina zvetAmbara maMdira, ajamera 6. strI pIhara, nara sAsaraI,saMjur3iyA thira paas| etA huI alakhA maNA, jaDa maMDai ridhi nAsa // vahI

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48 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya rAjasthAnI jaina premAkhyAnaka loka pracalita kathAoM, paurANika evaM nijandharI ghaTanAoM para AdhArita hai| ataH tatsambandhI kathAnaka rur3hiyoM (abhiprAyoM) kA ina kaviyoM dvArA prayoga karanA svAbhAvika hI hai| inake prayoga se kathA ke ghaTanA vyApAra ko tvarA milI hai / sarasatA aura rocakatA bar3hI hai tathA kathAnaka ko saMketoM ke mAdhyama se saMkSiptatA bhI prApta huI hai| rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM kI premAkhyAnaka racanAoM meM prApta pramukha kathAnaka rur3hiyAM haiM-nAyaka kA ati prAkRtika rUpa meM janma, mRta vyakti kA maMtrAdi zaktiyoM dvArA punarjIvita honA, AkAza gamana, dizA evaM sthala varjana, bhaviSya sUcaka svapna, rUpa parivartana dvArA lar3AI, kulaTA strI kA pati athavA premI ko dhokhA denA, vana meM nAyaka kA mArga bhUlanA, sautiyA DAha, nAyikA ko akelI pAkara usakA apaharaNa, prema-parIkSA, nAyikA kI citA ke sAtha nAyaka kA jala marane kA nirNaya, jAdU kI DorI, zuka rur3hi, dohada kAmanA, nAyikA dvArA nAyaka kA avarodha, do bhAiyoM kA kathAtaMtu, iMdra mahotsava kI rur3hi, mArga meM nAyaka athavA pAtra ko sarovara, mahala, yogI kA milanA aura unakA zrAvaka bananA, sata kI parIkSA ityaadi| tejasAra rAsa (kuzalalAbha) meM varNita haiM ki usakA janma dIpadAna prajvalana ke phalasvarUpa huaa|' isI bhAMti kA atiprAkRtika janma bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI (kuzalalAbha) meM haMsarAja kA hotA hai / agar3adattarAsa aura bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI4 (kuzalalAbha) meM vidyAdhara aura tApasa madanamaMjarI ko apane maMtrAdi dvArA jIvita karate haiN| isa rur3hi kA mukhya dhyeya kathA ko sukhAnta banAnA hai| thAmasana kI tAlikA meM yaha rur3hi E varga meM punarjIvana zIrSaka ke antargata EO-E 199 praviSTi saMkhyA para aMkita hai| adizA athavA sthala varjana sambandhI kathAnaka rur3hi kA baccharAja caupaI (vinayalAbha), uttama kumAra (vinayacaMdra), jinapAlita jinarakSita saMdhi (kuzalalAbha) Adi racanAoM meM ullekha huA hai |prthm racanA meM nAyaka baccharAja varjita sthala yakSavana meM jAkara saMkaToM meM phaMsa jAtA hai| usI vana meM sarovara meM snAna karatI vidhAdharI kI kaMcukI curAtA hai / dvitIya racanA meM uttama kumAra varjita bAvar3I meM jAkara vahAM rAkSasa 1. rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, haM graM.26546, cau. 149-51 2. elar3I insTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda, lA.da.graM.1217, chaMda 253-261 3. bhaNDArakara prAcya vidyA maMdira, pUnA, ha.naM. 605; cau. 258 4. elar3I. insTITyuTa, ahamadAbAda, lA.da.graM.1217, cau.230

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina-premAkhyAnaka racanAeM 49 kanyA suMdarI madAlasA ke prema meM par3a jAtA hai| tIsarI racanA meM dakSiNa dizA meM jAne para jinapAlita ko rAkSasa se yuddha karanA par3atA hai| rAjasthAnI jaina premAkhyAnoM meM do bhAiyoM kA kathAtaMt kAphI ubharA hai| isa rur3hi kA mUla rupa indra-upendra, azvinI baMdhu kI vaidika kahAniyoM evaM rAmalakSmaNa, kRSNa-balarAma kI mahAkAvya kAlIna kahAniyoM meM surakSita haiM / jinapAlita jinarakSita saMdhi gAthA, pArzvanAtha dasabhava stavana (kuzalalAbha), citrasena padmAvatI ratanasAra caupaI (rAmavijaya) haMsarAja-baccharAja caupAI (vijayabhadra) Adi racanAoM meM isa rur3hi kA sundara citraNa huA hai| dohada-sambandhI kathAnakarur3hi kA prayoga bhI jaina premAkhyAnaka racanAoM meM bahutAyata se milatA hai| blUmaphIlDa ne isake chaha rupa batAye haiN| kuzalalAbha kI bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI meM madanamaMjarI sauta kI AzaMkA se apane pati se amaraphala prApta karane kA prastAva karatI hai, jise kanakavatI kI mAtA vyaMtarI haMsinI dvArA prApta kara usakI abhilASA kA zamana karatI hai| samayasaMdara kRta "mRgAvatI rAsa" kI mRgAvatI garbhAvasthA meM rakta se bharI bAvar3I meM snAna karane kI abhilASA vyakta karatI hai| rAjasthAnI jaina premAkhyAnaka racanAeM kAvya-sauSThava kI dRSTi se bhI apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai / zRMgAra rasa se AraMbha huI zAnta rasa meM pariNata ina racanAoM meM adbhuta, karuNa, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa, vIra rasoM ke yathA-prasaMga saTIka varNana milate haiN| prAyaH sabhI premAkhyAnoM meM nAyikA kI prApti ke bAda lauTate vakta rAjya kA kisI na kisI pratinAyaka (mAnava athavA alaukika zakti) se yuddha huA hai| ahiMsAvAdI hote hue bhI jIvana ke satya se ye jaina kavi vimukha nahIM hue| mohanavijaya kRta mAnataMga mAnavatI rAsa meM Amane-sAmane hokara bhir3a rahI senAoM kA zabda citra isa saMdarbha meM draSTavya hai sena beha ulaTI AmuhI-sAmuhI, gaNI aNai rAga siMdhu bjaayaa| raNa car3hI aMbare azva par3atAla thI taraNa nA kiraNa nai naiNa chaayaa| bar3A yodha jUTA dharA mIhi chUTai paTA, gaTapaTA lAla zera lpettaa| aTapaTA jhaTapaTA jhapaTa karatA jhaTA, kharapaTA tehavA meTa mettaa| dhama dhame dhigati hAMkAyara kamakamai camacamai chAva vahI zukradhArA / ' 1. jaina zvetAmbara maMdira, ajamera kI prati /

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50 aisA hI eka vAtsalya rasa kA citra prastuta hai, jahAM varSoM bAda putra ke lauTane para vAtsalya bhAva se paripUrNa rAjA kI mAnasika dazA kA citraNa hai uttama nRpa milIyo jaI, bApa bhI dhari neha / mana vivasya tana ullasyo, romAMcita dhayI deha // 1 // makaradhvaja bhUpAla paNi, suta ubhari kari moha | aMgaI AliMgana dIyau sakhadIvadhArI soha || 2 || 1 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya sovana maI-suMdara AvAsa // 317 huA ina kaviyoM ne apanI kathAvastu ko hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie sAdRzyamUlaka upamA, rupaka, utprekSA Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai / yaha prayoga sahaja, svAbhAvika evaM bhAvotkarSaka haiM / ina arthAlaMkAroM ke atirikta inameM rAjasthAnI ke vayaNasagAI alaMkAra kA bhI kaI jagaha saphala nirvAha dekhane ko milatA hai, yathA yaha dITho teha sarupa // 68 || - kuzalalAbha kRta- tejasAra rAsa caupAI - vahI, bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI isa suMdara alaMkAra yojanA ke sAtha hI vividhi chandoM se bhI ye premAkhyAna rupAyita haiM / jaina premAkhyAnaka racanAoM meM prayukta pramukha chaMda hai-- dUhA, caupaI, gAhA, chappaya, kavitta, beakkharI, troTaka, vastu, kAvya, chaMda, romakI, nArAca, tribhaMgI, cAvakI, paddhar3I, ar3amala ityAdi / ina chandoM ke atirikta ina kaviyoM ne loka pracalita DhAloM ko bhI grahaNa kara ina racanAoM ko saMgItAtmakatA pradAna kI hai / saMgIta tatva ko banAye rakhane kI dRSTi se aneka sthAnoM para ina kaviyoM dvArA prayukta uparyukta chanda kAvyazAstrIya lakSaNoM se mela nahIM khAte / tuka ke Agraha se aneka sthaloM para hakAra, ikAra, aura akAra rupa kara diye gaye haiM / rAjasthAnI jaina premAkhyAnoM kI bhASA madhyakAla meM pracalita lokabhASA rAjasthAnI hai, jise vidvAnoM ne " jUnI gujarAtI" athavA prAcIna rAjasthAnI kahA hai / yaha rAjasthAnI vyAkaraNa sammata, gujarAtI zabdoM aura vibhaktiyoM kI bahulatA liye hue hai| isakA 1. vinayacaMdra kusumAMjali meM saMkalita uttamakumAra caritra caupaI, pR. 201, (prakAzaka sArdUla rAjasthAnI risarca insTITyUTa bIkAnera)

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rAjasthAnI kI jaina- premAkhyAnaka racanAeM 51 pramukha kAraNa gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI bhASA kA eka hI mUla zairasenI apabhraMza se udgama evaM madhyakAla meM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI bhaugolika tathA sAMskRtika ekatA kA honA hai / isa prakAra rAjasthAnI kI jaina premAkhyAnaka racanAeM madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI saMskRti evaM sAhityika pravRtti ke jIvanta pratIka hai / unameM prakRti kA khula kara prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ye prayoga AlaMbana kI apekSA uddIpana rUpa meM adhika hue haiM I

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jaina deviyAM evaM tatsambandhI jaina racanAeM jainadharma jJAna aura bhakti kA sundara samanvaya hai| nirAkAra AtmA jahAM jaina dharma ke jJAnamArgI svarUpa ko spaSTa karatI hai, vahIM vItarAgI jinendra ke svarUpa kA stavana unake bhaktimArga kI ora saMketa karatA hai / jaina dharma meM bhakti kA yaha Agama bauddha evaM vaiSNava-saMskRti kA pariNAma hai| apane dharma ko adhika vyApaka banAne ke liye jaina dharmAdhiSThatAoM ne vaiSNavI rAma aura kRSNa ke avatAroM kI kathA ko hI katipaya parivartanoM ke sAtha grahaNa kara liyaa| unameM vyApta gaNeza, bhairava Adi kI pUjA bhI hindU dharma kA prabhAva hai| ___yoM to jaina samAja meM devI-pUjA ke saMketa tIsarI zatAbdI (vikramI) se hI lakSita hone lagate haiM kintu use sAkAra svarUpa vaiSNava bhakti Andolana ke sAtha 13 vIM aura 14 vIM zatAbdI meM hI milaa| hindU devI mahiSAsuramardinI kA ratnaprabhasUri dvArA jaina dharma meM dIkSita kara "sacciyAmAtA" ke rUpa meM mAnyatA denA tathA bauddha devI "kurakullA" kA devasenasUri ke upadeza ko sunakara jaina dharma grahaNa karanA Adi isake pramANa haiM / ataH spaSTa haiM ki jainadharma meM devI-pUjA bauddha evaM vaiSNavoM meM pracalita devI bhakti kA pariNAma hai| yadyapi jainadharma meM devI bhakti vaiSNava-bhakti paramparA kA pratiphala hai, para jainiyoM ne unake svarUpa ko jyo kA tyoM svIkAra kara liyA ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai| unhoMne unheM ahiMsAvAdI svarUpa de diyA thaa| bhaktoM kI icchA ko jaina-deviyoM ne apanI isI pravRtti dvArA phalita kiyA hai| siddhi kI prApti ke liye aneka maMtra taMtra, stavana sajjhAya kA bhI unhoMne vidhAna kiyA hai / "bhairava padmAvatI kalpa" "catuHSaSTiyoginI stotram", "catuH SaSTiyoginI pUjanam", "yoginI-tantram" Adi granthoM kA isa dRSTi se

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jaina deviyAM evaM tatsambandhI jaina racanAeM 53 viziSTa mahatva hai| jaina bhakti meM deviyoM ke do svarUpa dRSTigata hote haiM-64 yoginiyoM ke rUpa meM aura caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI zAsana deviyoM athavA vidyA deviyoM ke rUpa meN| 64 yoginiyoM ke nAma prApta granthoM evaM purAtatva saMgrahAlayoM meM saMgrahIta mUrtiyoM meM samAna nahIM hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAMti hI unakI caubIsa zAsana deviyoM kI parikalpanA bhI jaina bhakti meM hai, jinake nAma haiM-1. cakrezvarI, 2. rohiNI, 3. prajJApti, 4. pavizRMkhalA, 5. khar3agavarA, 6. manovegA, 7. kAlI, 8. jvAlinI, 9. mahAkAlI, 10. mAnavI, 11. gaurI, 12. gAMdhArI, 13. vairoTI, 14. anantamatI, 15. mAnasI, 16. mahAmAnasI, 17. jayA, 18. tArAvatI (vijayA) 19. aparAjitA, 20. bahurUpiNI (bahulyA), 21. cAmuNDA, 22. ambA, 23. padmAvatI aura 24. siddhaayikaa| inameM padmAvatI, ambikA (ambA), cakrezvarI, jvAlAmAlinI, sacciyAmAtA, sarasvatI aura kurukullA Adi sAta deviyoM kI viziSTa mAnyatA hai| ina deviyoM kI bhakti meM aneka jaina bhakta kaviyoM ne stotroM, DhAloM, chanda, vacanikA Adi nAmoM se ullekhanIya racanAeM banAI hai| inameM se kucha racanAeM nimnalikhita haiM1. kIrtimerU kRta aMbikA chaMda (vi.saM.1487) sudhAru kRta pradyumnacaritra kA stuti aMza, vijayakuzala kRta zAradA chaMda (vi.16 vIM zatI) jinaprabhasUri kRta vidhiprabhA (vi.16 vIM zatI) vinayasamudra kRta rohiNeya rAsa (vi.sa. 1605) kuzalalAbha kRta jagadaMbA chaMda athavA bhavAnIchaMda (vi.17 vIM zatI) 7. kuzalalAbha kRta mahAmAI durgA sAtasI (vi. 17 vIM zatI) 1. (ka) jinaprabhasUrikRta vidhiprabhA, (kha) catuH SaSTiyoginI stotram, (ga) 64 yoginI stotra-zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA kA lekha; zodha patrikA, varSa 14, aMka 1 (gha)64 yoginI nAmAvalI (Ga) catuH SaSTi yoginI yaMtra-vahI, varSa 14, aMka 3 2. bhejadhAra ke 64 yoginiyoM ke mandira kI mUrtiyoM para varNita nAma

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54 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 8. mAladeva kRta phuTakara chaMda (vi.17 vIM zatI) 9. vAdicaMdra kRta aMbikA kathA (vi.17 vIM zatI) 10. hema kavi kRta padmAvatI chaMda (vi.17 vIM zatI) 11. ajJAta kavi kRta aMbikA devI pUrvabhava varNana talaharA, 12. saMgha vijaya kRta bhAratI athavA bhagavatI chaMda (vi.saM. 1687) 13. lakSarAjakRta kAlikA jI rA dUhA (vi.saM. 1708) 14. kAnha kavi kRta cautha mAtAjI ro chaMda (vi.saM.1767), aura 15. jayacaMda yati kRta mAtAjI rI vacanikA (vi.saM. 1776) ___inameM se kucha racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA haiaMbikA chaMda jaina deviyoM sambandhI isa stotra kAvya kI racanA kIrtimerU ne vi.saM. 1487 ke Asa-pAsa kii| kavi ne isameM aMbikA kI stuti harigItikA chaMda kI dezI DhAla meM kI hai / anuprAsa aura mAdhurya kI chaTA kIrtimerU kA vaiziSTa kahA janA caahiye| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai "suguNa maMdira, atihi suMdara, sira sasihara dhAriNI, kAni kuMDala, su-maMDala, lINa gajagati gAmiNI, rUparaMbha ki vayaNa caMda ki, nayaNa paMkaja hAriNI, nayaNi aMjana janaha, bhavaha bhaMjaNa bhAmiNI // " zAradA chaMda vinaya kuzala ke ziSya zAMti kuzala dvArA racita yaha racanA do patroM meM pratilipita hai / kavi ne isakI racanA aDayala chaMda meM kI hai / devI ke vibhinna paryAyoM dvArA usake guNoM kA bakhAna karanA hI isa stotra kRti kA pramukha lakSya hai| mAM zAradA ke guNoM ko spaSTa karane vAlI kucha paMktiyAM prastuta haiM "tU aMbA be tuM aMbAI, tu zrI mAtA tu zrutadAI, tU bhAratI tUM bhagavatI, tu kumArI, tu guNasatI tU varAhI tuhija caMDI, Adi brahmANI tuMhija maMDI harihara brahma avara je koI, tAharI seva kare te koI

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jaina deviyAM evaM tatsambandhI jaina racanAeM deza dezAMtara kAMI bhamII ? ar3asaTha tIratha toya sira namII manavaMchita dAtA matavAlI, sevaka sAra karo saMbhAlI kis, kahUM vAlI vAlI, bAMDI velA tu rakhavAlI cAlaka devI cAcara TANI, nilA nIMbAnI ta dhaNI ANI tU camalA tU cAraNa devI, khoDI ArI bisahari samareNI / " jagadambA chaMda athavA bhavAnI chaMda abhayadharma ke ziSya vAcaka kuzalalAbha dvArA racita yaha devI bhakti sambandhI racanA hastalikhita granthAlayoM meM jagadambA chaMda evaM bhavAnI chaMda donoM nAmoM se upalabdha hai / saMbhava hai kavi ne mUla racanA ke samaya hI ise ukta donoM zIrSakoM "jagadambA chaMda athavA bhavAnI chaMda" se prasiddha kiyA ho / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki kAlAntara meM kisI pratilipikAra ne " jagadaMbA" aura usake paryAya nAma " bhavAnI" meM arthabhinnatA na samajhakara ukta nAma de diyA ho / sAmAnya pAThAntara ke atirikta donoM hI zIrSakoM kI pratiyoM meM chaMdoM kI saMkhyA aura puSpikA ke atirikta anya bheda lakSita nahIM hote / jagadaMbA chaMda vAlI prati 1 meM 48 chaMda hai, jabaki bhavAnI chaMda zIrSaka prati meM 2 42 chaMda / jagadambA chaMda vAlI prati kI puSpikA meM eka hI chaMda (kaLasa) meM varNita hai| para " bhavAnI chaMda" vAlI prati meM yaha do kaLasa chaMdoM meM likhI gaI hai / donoM hI pratiyoM meM kathA samAna hai| devI bhakti sambandhI kavi kuzalalAbha kI yaha laghu bhakti racanA hai / isameM kavi ne jagadaMbA kI stuti karate hue usake mAhAtmya ko spaSTa kiyA hai / isa vivecana meM kuzalalAbha ne devI ke 263 nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / prApta donoM hI pratiyoM meM kRti kA racanAkAla nahIM diyA gayA hai kintu jagadambA chaMda vAlI prati meM usakA lipikAla vi.saM. 1734 varNita hai / kavi kI anya racanAoM ke AdhAra para ise vi.saM. 1625 se vi.saM. 1645 ke madhya kisI caumAse meM likhita racanA kahA jA sakatA mahAmAI durgA sAtasI kuzalalAbha kI mAtRkA viSayaka racanAoM meM yaha sarvAdhika vRhata stotra racanA hai 55 1 1. rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, udayapura hali. graM. 602 2. (ka) ela.DI. insTITyUTa Apha iMDolojI, ahamadAbAda ha. graM. lA. da. 2493 (kha) zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA se prApta pratilipi

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56 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 3. hai| isameM kula 366 chaMda hai| prathama 362 chaMdoM meM devI durgA kI utpatti evaM usake sukRtyoM kA padyabaddha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai tathA antima cAra chaMdoM (kavittoM) meM kRti (sAtasI) kA mAhAtmya dete hue kavi ne apanA paricaya diyA hai| kuzalalAbha kI isa racanA kA mUla strota durgAsaptazatI kA paurANika AkhyAna mAnA jA sakatA hai / kintu AkhyAna me kuzalalAbha ne AvazyakatAnusAra nimnalikhita parivartana kara maulikatA pradAna kI hai1. kuzalalAbha ne kathA ko zIrSaka athavA adhyAyoM meM vibhakta nahIM kiyA jabaki durgA saptazatI meM sArI kathA adhyAyoM meM kahI gaI hai| sAtha hI yahAM mUla kathA meM varNita devI athavA rAkSasoM kI senA, unake raNa-kauzala athavA mahAtmya Adi kA vistRta varNana nahIM miltaa| 2. yahAM kathAvAcaka svayaM kavi haiM / RSi mArkaNDeya jI kI ora mAtra saMketa hI kiyA gayA hai ki rAjA aura vaizya ne unase devI-caritra ko samajhAne kA nivedana kiyaa| Alocya kRti meM suratha aura vaizya (pradhAna putra) jaMgala meM yakAyaka mile haiM, jahA~ unhoMne na apanA paricaya Apasa meM liyA hai aura na hI apane antardvandva kA bakhAna kiyA hai| 4. "mahAmAI durgA sAtasI" meM madhu kaiTabha rAkSasoM kA janma bhagavAna viSNu ke kAnoM se huA hai na ki kAnoM ke maila se| usI bhAMti cetanA prApta hone para donoM rAkSasoM ne bhagavAna viSNu ko yuddha ke lie lalakArA hai, jabaki "mArkaNDeya purANa" meM aisA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| parvakAla meM devatAoM evaM rAkSasoM ke bIca sau varSoM taka hae yuddha kA varNana, rAkSasoM kI senA ke prati mahiSAsura va devatAoM ke netA indra kA bhI kavi ne "sAtasI" meM koI, ullekha nahIM kiyaa| yahAM to kavi ne madhu aura kaiTabha ke vadha ke turanta bAda mahiSAsura kA devatAoM ke sAtha yuddha dikhA diyA hai| sAtasIkAra ne sugrIva aura zuMbha-nizuMbha ke vArtAlApa ko pUrNataH navIna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yahAM sugrIva ko atyanta catura kahakara zuMbha devI ke pAsa bhejatA hai, jahAM sugrIva apanI buddhi ke anusAra sArI bAtacIta devI ke sAtha karatA hai, jabaki mArkaNDeya purANa meM zuMbha dvArA kathita saMdeza hI sugrIva devI ko sunAtA hai| isI bhAMti caNDa-muNDa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt zubha kI sugrIva

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jaina deviyAM evaM tatsambandhI jaina racanAeM ____57 dvArA upayukta yukti jAnanA bhI kavi kuzalalAbha kI maulika kalpanA hai| 7. vibhinna devatAoM kI zaktiyoM se saMparita ho mahAmAI dargA sAtasI kI devI ne zuMbha se viSakanyA ke rUpa meM varaNa karake mahAn daitya raktabIz2a ko usI ke svAmI zuMbha kI AjJA se svayaM ne mArA, jabaki "mArkeNDeya purANa" meM devI dvArA raktabIja ke saMhAra para zuMbha-nizuMbha ne usa para prahAra kiyaa| "mArkaNDeya-purANa" kI bhAMti kazalalAbha ne dargA devI kI phalastati evaM rAjA suratha aura vaizya ko devI dvArA pradatta varadAnoM kI kathA kA anta meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isakI apekSA 24 bhujaMgI chaMdoM meM devI ke vibhinna rUpoM kI stuti kI hai| isase jahAM kathA saMkSipta huI hai, vahIM navInatA aura rocakatA kA bhI saphala nirvAha ho sakA hai| prApta donoM pratiyoM meM kavi athavA lipikAra ne racanAkAra sambandhI koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| inameM se eka prati truTita hai, para lipi suvAcya hai, jabaki dvitIya prati2 pUrNa hai| donoM meM pAThabheda tanika bhI nahIM hai| padmAvatI chaMda jaina kavi hema ne isakI racanA kI hai, jisakA saMpAdana "vizvambharA" traimAsika patrikA (varSa 8, aMka 1, 1973) meM prakAzita kiyA jA cukA hai| isameM kula dasa chanda haiM / "kaLasa' zIrSaka chaMda meM kavi ne jaina tIrthakaroM meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI adhiSThAtrI devI padmAvatI ke mahatva ko spaSTa karate hue apanA nAmollekha kiyA hai / isase adhika racanA meM kRtikAra kA paricaya nahIM miltaa| kintu kAla kI dRSTi se 1. anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI,bIkAnera, hana. 48 2. vahI, graM.68 (gha) 3. manamohana svarUpa mAthura-jaina deviyAM aura hemakRta padamAvatI chaMda pR.43-46 4. atisaya vaMta apAra, sadA juga sAcI devI samakita pALe suddha jina sAsana sevI adho madhya AkAsa rAsa ramatI amarI sevaka jina sAdhAra sAra kare samarI puphphAvatI pAsa prati mastaka dhAraNI / kavi hema kahe haraSa sUM padamAvatI pUje jayakAraNI // -vizvambharA, bIkAnera, varSa 8, aMka 1, pR.46

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58 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya jaina kavi hema ko 17 vI zatAbdI kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| kavi hema ne Alocya racanA ke AraMbha meM padmAvatI kA sambandha pArzvanAtha aura dharaNeMdra se batAte hue usake guNoM evaM nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| dharaNIdhara, rAMNI, somajhaNI, nirdoSI, zIlavatI, jainamAtA, mAtaMgI, devI po Adi paryAyoM ke kalyANakArI svarUpa kI hI sthApanA kI hai| Alocya chaMda kRti meM devI ke rUpa-sauMdarya kA varNana upamAnoM evaM lAlityamayI zabdAvalI meM kiyA hai / isa prakAra kavi hemakRta padmAvatI chaMda jahAM dhArmika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai, vahIM usakA sAhityika mahatva bhI avarNanIya hai| bhAratI athavA bhagavatI chaMda__ kavi saMghavijaya ne isa chaMda kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1687 meM kI / ' sarasvatI stotra ke rUpa meM isakA ati mahatva hai, isIliye ise bhAratI chaMda bhI kahA gayA hai / sampUrNa stotra racanA 42 ar3ayala chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| prAraMbhika chaMda (anuSTapa) saMskRta meM kahA gayA hai aura upasaMhAra anya jaina graMthoM kI paramparAnusAra "kalasa" chaMda meM na kara prAkRta ke gAhA chaMda3 meM kiyA gayA hai| Alocya racanA meM kavi saMghavijaya ne zakti mahAtmya ke sAtha hI solaha vidyA-deviyoM, caubIsa zAsana deviyoM, causaTha yoginiyoM evaM navadurgAoM ke nAmoM kI stuti bhI kI hai| kavi kA kathana hai ki sacarAcara meM vyApta devI ke asaMkhya sthAna nAma haiM--- "jala thala maMgala vasaI kailAsA, girikaMdara pura paTTaNa vAsA, svarga martya pAtAlaI jANaI, nAma anekaI kaviya vakhANaI / / " anya jaina kaviyoM kI bhAMti hI saMghavijaya ne bhI apanI iSTa devI kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue usake apratibha zRMgAra ko rUpAyita kiyA hai 1. saMvata caMdrakalA ati ujjvala, sAyara siddhi AsI sudi nirml| pUnima suraguruvAra udArA, bhagavatI chaMda racyau jayakArA // (caMdrakalA-16, sAyara-7, siddhi-8) elar3I. insTI, ahamadAbAda kI prati) 2. sakala siddhi dAtAraM pAveM natvA stavIbhyaham / varadAM zAradAM devoM jagadAnandakAriNIm / 3. iya bahubhattibhareNaM, aDayalachaMdeNa saMdhuA devii| bhagavaI tujjha pasAyA, hou sayA saMdhakallANaM / / 44

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jaina deviyAM evaM tatsambandhI jaina racanAeM 59 "gaura varaNa tanu teja apArA, jANe pUnima zazi AkArA zveta vastra pahiryA zRMgArA, mAhi kaI mRgamada kaI dhanasArA / xxx aNiyALI AMjI AMkhar3alI, bhamuha kamANa zyAma kaMkaDalI, mukha niramala zArada-zazi dippaI, kAne kuMDala ravi zazi jippaI / / kaTi mekhala khalakaI kahi cUDI, ratana jaDita sovana maI ruddii| caraNe ghUghara ghamaghama ghamakaI, jhAMjhara ramajhima jhaNakaI // " cauthamAtA jI ro chaMda "gaNapati chaMda" ke racayitA kavi kAnha kI anya mahatvapUrNa racanA "cautha mAtAjI ro chaMda" hai / kavi kAnha bhAvar3agaccha se saMbaMdhita thA--"zrI bhAvar3a gaccha zRMgAra udo" / Alocya racanA kI prati rAja. prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, udayapura meM saMgRhIta hai, jisake AdhAra para isakA saMpAdana kara DA. brajamohana jAvaliyA ne "varadA" patrikA meM prakAzita krvaayaa| isa prakAzita aMza ke anusAra kavi ne isa racanA meM cautha mAtA ke vrata kA AdhAra lekara cautha mAtA kI durgA rUpa meM stuti kI hai / kAnha ne isa devI bhakti sambandhI racanA kI sampUrNa sAmagrI ko 101 chaMdoM ( dUhe, motIdAsa, bhujaMgI, zloka, mULacALA, kavitta) meM samAhita kiyA hai| AraMbha meM devI ke paurANika nAmoM, nivAsa sthAnoM dvArA mahAtmya kA citraNa kiyA hai / tadanantara cautha mAtA kI kathA rUpa meM devI durgA kI kathA kahI hai| devI ke nAmoM-cauthI, aMbA, harisiddhi mahAmAI, paramesarI cAmuNDA, jvAlAmukhI, yoginI, padmaNI kA ullekha huA hai| kavi ke anusAra yaha aneka rUpoM vAlI devI dhanadhAnya dene vAlI hai / aMbA, padmAvatI, IzvarI nAmoM se jAnI jAne vAlI isa devI kA sthAna AbU nAgaura, pAvApura, gurjaradharA hai| inake pUjanIya divasoM ke viSaya meM kavi likhatA hai "pAMcima to paramesarI, caudisa punima cNd| AThima nomi aMbAvi tUM, cauthi namo cAmuMDa / / 47. isa prakAra jaina devI bhakti racanAoM meM "cautha mAtA jI ro chaMda" racanA kA bhI mahatva hai| lokajIvana meM isa racanA dvArA cautha mAtA ke vrata kA mahatva sthApita hotA hai|

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya mAtAjI rI vacanikA vacanikA rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI eka mahatvapUrNa vidhA hai / yaha saMskRta ke caMpU kAvya paramparA se milatI-julatI vidhA kahI jA sakatI hai jisameM gadya-padya kA mizraNa hotA hai / kintu rAjasthAnI vacanikA mukhyataH gadya sAhitya kI vidhA hai jisameM tukAntatA ko mahatva diyA gayA hai| rAjasthAnI vacanikA sAhitya meM ullekhanIya tIna racanAoM meM "mAtAjI rI vacanikA" eka hai| anya do vacanikA racanAeM haiM-zivadAsa gADaNa kRta acaladAsa khIcI rI bacanikA tathA ratana siMha mahesadAsota viracita ratanasiha rAThaur3a rI vcnikaa| isa kRti kA sRjana nAgaura ke kucerA nAmaka sthAna meM vi.saM. 1776 meM kharataragacchIya jaina yati jayacandra ne kiyaa| isakA mUla AdhAra bhI mArkaNDeyapurANa meM nihita "durgAsaptazatI"-AkhyAna hai| AraMbha meM kavi ne devI bhakti saMbaMdhI racanAkAroM kI paramparA kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki bAlmIki, vaziSTha, jayadeva aura mArkaNDeya jaise mahAna vicAraka, vidvAna evaM tapasvI bhI jisakI mahimA ko nahIM jAna pAye, aisI devI ke guNagAna kA maiM asaphala prayAsa kara rahA huuN| isa nivedana ke uparAnta kavi ne kAlikA ke vividha rUpoM, caritroM aura nivAsa sthAnoM kA vivaraNa dete hue zuMbha-nizuMbha kI kathA prastuta kI hai| gadya-padya meM nibaddha isa vacanikA kRti meM kavi ne devI aura rAkSasoM ke bIca hue yuddha kA atyanta prabhAvazAlI citraNa kiyA hai / kAvya ke anta meM asatya para satya kI, anyAya para nyAya kI tathA amAnavIya vRttiyoM para deva guNoM kI vijaya dikhAyI kavi ne isa bhakti sambandhI racanA meM apane samaya kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| yaha samaya jodhapura ke mahArAjA ajItasiMha kA zAsanakAla thaa| unhIM ke zAsana-prabandha aura svayaM kA paricaya detA huA kavi likhatA hai "saMvata satara chihatare Asu sudi tiya tIya / muradhara desa kucorapura, racai graMtha kari piiy| mAMNa dujoyaNa bhImajaLa, iLa kisanA avatAra / mahArAja agajItasiMgha, rAja taiNa idhakAra / gaccha kharatara vidyA guhira, amara Ananda nidhAna / sikha catrabhuja jaicaMda sariNa, kiddha vacanikA jyAMna /

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jaina deviyAM evaM tatsambandhI jaina racanAeM budha anusAra vicAra vara, sAra dhAra saMsAra / bhugati chaiha lAbhai mugati, par3hityA boha parivAra / / " 61 " mAtAjI rI vacanikA" kavi jayacandra yati kI zreSTha racanA hai, jisameM devI kI paurANika sanAtana bhakti ke sAtha jaina bhakti kA samAveza huA hai| sAtha hI kavi lAdhava ke sAtha kAvya kI samasta vizeSatAoM kA sundara samanvaya kiyA hai / 1 ina racanAoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki sabhI jaina devI - bhakti sambandhI racanAoM kI viSayavastu devI durgA ke paurANika AkhyAna mArkaNDeya purANa meM varNita durgA saptazatI athavA pUrvavartI kaviyoM dvArA nirUpita devI ke svarUpa se saMbaddha hai / adhikAMzataH racanAoM meM devI ke vaiSNava mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa citraNa huA hai AraMbha meM jaina zailI ke anusAra maMgalAcaraNa meM guruvaMdanA, sarasvatI vaMdanA, kavi paramparA Adi kA paricaya dete hue devI ke vividha nAmoM, unake anusAra unake mahatva, nivAsa Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / anta meM kisI vrata kathA ke dRSTAnta evaM puSpikA dete hue racanAoM kA anta kiyA hai| ina varNanoM meM devI ke eka hajAra ATha nAmoM se bhI adhika nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai / kuzalalAbha kI "mahAmAI durgA sAtasI " aura "jayacaMda yati kI" mAtAjI rI vacanikA aisI hI racanAeM haiM / kintu ina racanAoM meM vaiSNavI devI nAmAvalI ke sAtha hI jaina deviyoM ke nAmoM kA tadanurUpa citraNa huA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI zAsana deviyoM ke rUpa meM jaina kaviyoM ne sarvAdhika rUpa se teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI zAsana devI padmAvatI kA varNana kiyA hai| jaina bhakti graMthoM meM padmAvatI ko dharaNeMdra kI patnI kahA gayA hai / isa saMdarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki gRhasthAzrama meM jaba pArzvanAtha ne apane zatru kamaTha ko tapa karate hue dekhA to usake cAroM ora yajJa kuNDa meM agni prajvalita thI / prajvalita kASTha meM eka nAga-nAgina jala rahe the / jIvahatyA hote dekha kara pArzvanAtha ne kamaTha ko usakI mithyA bhakti para lalakArA aura nAga- dampati ko navakAramaMtra dvArA jIvita kiyaa| yahI . nAga-nAgina pArzvanAtha ke AzIrvacana se dharaNendra aura padmAvatI bane / 1 isa ghaTanA kI 1. (ka) hastImala mevAr3I, jaina Agama ke anamola ratna / (kha) kuzalalAbhakRta 'pArzvanAtha dazabhava stavana' ela.DI. insTI. graM. 975 lA.. (ga) kuzalalAbhakRta stambha pArzvanAtha stavanaH AnaMdakAvya, mahodadhi, mo. 7 (gha) hIrAlAla kAvaDiyA kA lekha 'padamAvatI devI te koNa' --jaina, varSa 67, aMka 33-34, 29 agasta, 1970

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62 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya ora kuzalalAbha ne saMketa karate hue likhA hai "saMnyAsI kAzI tapa sAdhato, paMcAgni parajALe dITho zrI pArasa kumAre pannaga, adhabaLato te TALe saMbhaLAvyoM zrI navakAra svayaM mukha iMdra bhuvana avatAra / / ' kIrtimerU, jinaprabha sUri, vinaya samudra, hema, ladharAja, kAnha kavi Adi kI racanAoM meM padmAvatI saMbaMdhI isa kathA kI ora saMketa milate haiN| isI prakAra kI ghaTanAeM aMbA, sarasvatI, mahAbhAI, zAradA Adi jaina deviyoM ke prati bhI milatI hai| ___sabhI jaina kaviyoM ne apanI upAsyA devI ke raudra, bhayAnaka, kalyANakArI rUpa ke sAtha hI usake zRMgArika rUpa kA ati manorama citraNa kiyA hai| vastutaH yahI rAgAtmakatA hai, jo bhakti kA mUla AdhAra hai / kIrtimerU, sudhArU, kuzalalAbha, saMghavijaya, hema, kAnha Adi devIbhakta kaviyoM dvArA citrita devI-sauMdarya ullekhanIya haiN| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM suguNa maMdira, atihiM suMdara, sira sasihara dhAriNI / kAni kuMDala, sUnmaNDala, lIla gaja gati gAmiNI / / rUpa raMbha ki vayaNa caMdra ki, nayaNa paMkaja haarinnii| nayaNi aMjana, janaha raMjana, bhavaha bhaMjaNa bhAmiNI / " (kIrtimerU-aMbikA chaMda) "nAsA aNIAlI adhara pravAlI, jhAMka jamAkhI veNavatI jata mIna kapoLI, setha rolI, Au, amolI, saradharaNI tilakezvara bhALI, pIale AlI, bhUSaNa bhAlI, bhAgavatI kara bhujadaMDI, maMDita caMDI, gaMbhI ja DaMDI nAbha bharI ura unnata sArA, kaMcuka dhArA, vilasata hArA, kRsa udarI kaTi meSala karaNI, harakicha haraNI, jhaMjhara caraNI haMsa padA / / (kavi hema-padmAvatI chaMda, chaMda4-5) isI saundaryamayI devI kA raudra rUpa prastuta hai, jahAM mahAmAI durgA mahiSAsura mardana ke liye tatpara hai "kAlikA drUa brahma maMDa kIdhA, rohira bhaSaNa jogaNI ridhaa| gar3agar3ai siMdhu pUraMti grAha, arihI deva ari dalaNa Aha / / 1. pratApa zodha pratiSThAna bI.ena. kAleja (udayapura grathAMka 75-navakAra chaMda, chaMda 9)

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jaina deviyAM evaM tatsambandhI jaina racanAeM 63 DhAlIyA deva guNa sayala DhIca, bheDa giddha bhir3ai dANavI bhIca / Usasai Sasai nihasai apAra, dhar3ahar3a sUra dhagadhagai dhAra / / nihasiyA nivar3a vAjAni vITa, riNa mAhi rUka bAparaha rITha / / " _ (kuzalalAbha : mahAmAI durgAsAtasI, chaMda 89-91) jahAM ina jaina kaviyoM ne deva-kalyANa hetu devI ke vIra, bhayAnaka, raudra, vIbhatsa rUpoM kA varNana prastuta kiyA hai, vahAM inakI zailI cAraNI (DiMgala) zailI ke nikaTa A gaI hai| ina varNanoM meM dvitta guNoM kI pradhAnatA evaM prasaMgAnukUla varNanoM kA svAbhAvika tathA prabhAvotpAdaka citraNa huA hai / jayacaMda yati kI mAtAjI rI vacanikA kA caNDamuNDa para devI dvArA AkramaNa evaM yuddha kA varNana draSTavya hai caDhe pracaNDa caNDa muNDa khaMDa-khaMDa khUdanA / kasIsa trIsa TaMka bAMNa kraga jhAli kuudtaa| jakanta jApa rosa je kaThora kAji kAhalAM, karaMti deva mecha kauTi DAko khaLAM uLAM / / bhakhai sahUM bhujA lahUM baNai jabAMta bAkavAM / karaMti deva mecha kauTi DAkare, khaLA DaLAM / / maMDe pilAMNa koDiyaM kekANa mola UcarA / karai sanAha kaMTha lIdhai sAra saina dhuumttaa| car3he kaDhai aNI caDhe vivANa DhUka bAdaLAM / karaMti deva mecha koTi DAkare khaLAM DaLAM / / isa prakAra jaina devI-bhakti sambandhI racanAeM prAyaH laghu AkAra ke stotra haiN| upalabdha jaina devI-bhakti sambandhI racanAoM meM kuzalalAbhakRta "mahAmAI durgA sAtasI" evaM yati jayacaMdra kRta "mAtAjI rI vacanikAoM kA hI AkAra apekSAkRta vRhad haiN| inameM anya laghu racanAoM kI tulanA meM gujarAtI kA prabhAva kama lakSita hai| sAtha hI ye racanAeM jaina evaM cAraNI zailI kA samanvaya karatI huI dikhAI detI hai| vastutaH saMpUrNa jaina saMskRti hI bhAratIya ciMtana para AdhArita hai, ataH samanvaya sAdhanA usakA mUla hai / yahI samanvaya usakA "zama" hai| ina jaina devI-bhakti-sambandhI racanAoM meM devI kI kalyANa bhAvanA jaina sAhitya ko nava AyAma detA hai| inameM citrita vIra bhAvanA zramaNa saMskRti kA pramukha aMga hai / isa prakAra devIparaka racanAoM meM jaina evaM jainettara racanAoM meM koI tAtvika bheda nahI mAnA jAnA caahie|

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sthUlibhadra-kathA aura tatsambandhI rAjasthAnI racanAeM jaina bhakti-sAhitya meM muni sthUlibhadra kA bar3A mahatva hai| Agama-sAhitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gautama ke pazcAt tRtIya maMgala ke rUpa meM muni sthUlibhadra kA hI smaraNa kiyA gayA hai, jisakA pramANa hai yaha zloka maMgalaM bhagavAnavIro maMgalam gautamaH prabhuH / maMgalaM sthUlibhadrAdyA, jaina dharmo stu maMgalam / / __ sthUlibhadra ko bhadrabAhu kA paTTadhara mAnA jAtA hai, jinake viSaya meM yaha kathA pracalita hai-pATalIputra nagara meM mahApadma nAma kA nauvAM nanda rAjya karatA thA / kalpaka-vaMza meM utpanna gautama gautrIya brAhmaNa zakaDAla usakA mahAmaMtrI thaa| maMtrI ke do putra aura sAta putriyAM thiiN| bar3e putra kA nAma sthUlibhadra aura dUsare kA zrIyaka thA / zrIyaka rAjA nanda kA aMgarakSaka evaM vizvAsapAtra thA / zakaDAla ne sthUlibhadra ko kalA aura cAturya kI zikSA ke liye pATalIputra kI prasiddha vezyA kozA ke ghara bheja rakhA thaa| jahAM vaha kozA ke rUpa-yauvana meM pUrNataH anurakta ho gayA / sAtoM putriyAM bhI bar3I guNavatI thiiN| pATalIputra kA brAhmaNa vararUci pratidina ATha sau naye-naye zlokoM se nanda rAjA kI stuti karatA thA / vararuci ke zloko kI prazaMsAtmaka dRSTi rAjA maMtrI para DAlatA kintu zakaDAla kI udAsInatA dekhakara rAjA use koI dAna nahIM detaa| eka dina vararuci phala-phUla Adi ke sAtha zakaDAla kI patnI ke pAsa pahuMcA aura apanI sArI kathA use kaha sunAI / patnI ke anugraha para aba zakaDAla ne vararuci ke zlokoM kI 1. saM. muni hastImala mevAr3I - Agama ke anamola ratna, pR. 386

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sthUlabhadra - kathA aura tatsambandhI rAjasthAnI racanAeM jhUThI prazaMsA karanA Arambha kiyA jisase use pratidina ATha sau dInAreM milane lagIM / para isa prakAra dAna dene se rAjakoSa ke zIghra samApta hone kI sambhAvanA thI / ataH kaDAla ne rAjA ko kahA ki vararuci laukika zloka par3atA hai, jinhe usakI lar3akiyAM bhI jAnatI haiM / 65 isa satya kI jAMca ke lie rAja sabhA bulAI gii| maMtrI kI sAtoM kanyAeM parade ke pIche baiThI huI thIM / vararuci ne zloka Arambha kiyA aura kanyAoM ne unheM jyoM kA tyoM rAja-sabhA meM sunA diyaa| apane kAvya ko purAnA pramANita dekhakara vararuci tar3apatA huA pRthvI para gira pdd'aa| tiraskAra ke kAraNa aba vararuci kA abhimAna bar3ha gayA thA | ataH usane apane mahatva ko jatAne ke liye nayI yukti socii| vaha rAta ko gaMgA meM dInAreM chipAkara dUsare dina prAtaH kAla Akara gaMgA kI stuti karatA aura lAteM mArakara gaMgA meM se dInAreM nikAla letA / jaba isa ghaTanA ko rAjA ne sunA to usane zakaDAla ko bhI isakI sUcanA dii| zakaDAla ne kahA yadi mere sAmane gaMgA use kucha to jAnUM / agale dina isa ghaTanA kI parIkSA ke liye zakaDAla ne gaMgA taTa para eka AdamI ko chipAkara biThA diyaa| usa AdamI ne vararuci dvArA chipAI gaI poTalI lAkara zakaDAla ko de dI / vararuci pratidina kI bhAMti gaMgA maiyA kI stuti kara poTalI DhUMDhane lagA / para poTalI vahAM nahIM milii| isI samaya zakaDAla ne rAjA ko vaha poTalI dikhAI / poTalI dekhakara vararuci lajjita hokara vahAM se calA gayA / | tiraskAra kI agni vararuci meM nirantara bar3hatI rhii| usane zakaDAla kI dAsI se mitratA bar3hAkara zrIyaka ke vivAha ke samaya eka Sar3ayaMtra rcaa| usane rAjA se kahA ki zakaDAla unheM mArakara apane putra ko rAjA banAnA cAhatA hai / isa ghaTanA ko sunakara rAjA ne bhI maMtrI ke samasta sambandhiyoM kA vadha kara dene kI yojanA bnaaii| yahAM taka ki eka dina zakaDAla jaba rAjA ke paira chUne AyA to rAjA ne krodha se apanA muMha phera liyA, aura usake prati atyanta upekSA dikhalAI / isa vAtAvaraNa ne zakaDAla ko bar3A dukhI kiyaa| usane apane putra zrIyaka ko sAre hAla sunAkara usake vadha kA nivedana kiyA / parantu zrIyaka ne use asvIkAra kara diyaa| anta meM bahuta kahane para zakaDAla dvArA tAlapura viSa khAkara rAjA ke samakSa usake vadha kI bAta para vaha (zrIyaka) rAjI ho gayA / zrIyaka ke hAthoM zakaDAla kA vadha dekhakara rAjA ko atyanta Azcarya evaM zoka huA / kintu usakI svAmibhakti ko jAnakara vaha prasanna bhI huA / usane use maMtrI - pada

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66 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya svIkAra kara lene kA Agraha kiyA / para usane use asvIkRta karate hue apane bar3e bhAI sthUlibhadra ko jo 12 varSoM se kozA gaNikA ke pAsa raha rahA thA ko bulavAkara maMtrI banAne kA Agraha kiyaa| rAjA kA AmantraNa prApta kara jaba sthUlibhadra rAjasabhA meM pahuMcA to use yaha jAnakara bar3A duHkha huA ki usake pitA vararuci ke Sar3ayaMtra ke zikAra ho gye| vaha pazcAtApa karane lagA ki vezyA ke prema meM par3e rahane ke kAraNa use pitA kI mRtyu kA samAcAra bhI prApta nahIM ho skaa| aba vaha isa saMsAra se udAsIna ho gayA aura maMtrI-pada kI apekSA sAdhu-dharma svIkAranA use ucita lgaa| usane saMbhUti vijaya ke pAsa pahuMcakara munitva grahaNa kiyaa| vararuci kozA kI choTI bahana upakozA se prema karatA thA / ataH zrIyaka bhI aba vararuci se badalA lene kI bhAvanA se vahAM jAne lgaa| zrIyaka se apane priyatama sthUlIbhadra ke saMnyAsa lene evaM sthUlibhadra ke pitA kI hatyA kA hAla sunakara kozA kA hRdaya saMtapta ho gyaa| IrSyA evaM viyoga kI agni meM prajvalita hokara zrIyaka kI rAya ke anusAra usane apanI bahana upakozA ko vararuci ko surApAna karavAne kI salAha dI / upakozA ke pragAr3ha anunaya para eka dina vararuci ne caMdraprabhA nAmaka surA kA pAna kara hI liyaa| use isakA aisA caskA lagA ki aba vaha usakA pAna sadaiva karane lgaa| eka dina naMda zrIyaka ke pAsa baiThA huA usake pitA zakaDAla kI prazaMsA kara rahA thaa| tabhI zrIyaka ne rAjA ko batAyA ki zarAbI vararuci ne nirdoSa zakaDAla kI hatyA karavA dI / vararUci ke zarAbIpana kI bAta sunakara rAjA ko Azcarya huA aura usane isa bAta kI parIkSA kI, jisameM usakA zarAba pInA pramANita ho gyaa| rAjA ne use garma-garma gaMdhaka jala pilavA kara maravA ddaalaa| varSAkAla ke Agamana para ziSyoM ne vibhinna sthaloM para jAkara cAturmAsa karane kI AjJA AcArya saMbhUti se maaNgii| AcArya ne sabhI ziSyoM ko unakI icchAnukUla sthAnoM evaM vidhi se cAturmAsa bitAne kI AjJA de dI / muni sthUlibhadra ko bhI unakI apekSAnusAra unakI pUrva paricitA sundarI nAyikA kozA kI citrazAlA meM SaDrasa yukta bhojana karate hue cAturmAsa karane kI AjJA mila gii| __ maniveza meM Ae sthUlibhadra ko dekhakara kozA bar3I duHkhI huii| para cAra mAha taka sAtha rahane kI kalpanA ne use saMtoSa bhI diyA, kozA kI sAkSAt kAmadeva kI madhuzAlA ke samAna susajjita citrazAlA meM sthUlibhadra ne apanA cAturmAsa Arambha kiyaa| kozA nAnA ceSTAoM se unakI tapasyA bhaMga karanA cAhatI para vaha tanika bhI

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sthUlibhadra-kathA aura tatsambandhI rAjasthAnI racanAeM 67 vicalita nahIM hote / ve sadaiva use kAma-bhoga ke kaTu phala kA hI upadeza dene lagate / ina upadezoM se kozA ko usake bhogAsakta jIvana ke prati ghRNA hone lgii| usane (kozA ne) mahAn anutApa karanA Arambha kiyA / usane muni se vinayapUrvaka kSamA mAMgI tathA samyakatva aura bAraha vrata aMgIkAra kara zrAvikA bana gii| usane nirNaya kara liyA ki aba vaha rAjA ke hukma se Ae hue puruSa ke atirikta anya kisI se zarIra-sambandha nahIM kregii| cAturmAsa kI samApti para muni sthUlibhadra ne vahAM se vihAra kiyaa| tabhI rAjA ne kozA ke pAsa eka rathika ko bhejA jo bANa-saMdhAna vidyA meM bar3A nipuNa thaa| kozA kI citrazAlA ke gavAkSa meM baiThakara usane apane bANoM kA saMdhAna Arambha kiyA aura unake sahAre dUra ke AmravRkSa kI phala sahita DAliyoM ko tor3a-tor3a kara kozA ke ghara taka khIMca liyaa| kozA ne bhI sarasoM ke Dhera para suI kI noka para khar3e hokara sundara nRtya prastuta kiyA, jise dekhakara rathika cakita ho gayA aura usakI prazaMsA karane lgaa| taba kozA ne kahA ki hama donoM ke hI kArya anokhe nahIM hai| anokhA kArya to sthUlibhadra kI tapa-sAdhanA hai jo isa citrazAlA ke prabhAva se bhI dravita nahIM ho skii| varSAkAla kI samApti para jaba sthUlibhadra guru ke pAsa lauTe to unheM Ate dekha kara guru svAgata ke liye unake pAsa phuNce| sthUlibhadra ke guru dvArA kie jA rahe satkAra ko dekhakara anya ziSya IrSyA kI agni meM jala utthe| dUsare varSa jaba cAturmAsa AyA to inhIM meM se eka ziSya ne kozA kI citrazAlA meM cAturmAsa karane kI anumati maaNgii| guru ne use bahuta samajhAyA para vaha tanika bhI nahIM mAnA aura kozA ke ghara calA gyaa| prathama rAtri ko hI vaha vicalita ho uThA aura kozA se bhoga kI icchA prakaTa karane lgaa| kozA ne usake vrata-bhaMga ko bacAne ke lie nepAla ke rAjA ke pAsa jAkara ratna-kaMbala lAne ko khaa| muni kAma kI pUrti ke nimitta mArga kI kaThinAiyoM ko sahana karatA huA bhI ratnajaTita kambala laayaa| Arambha meM to kozA ne usake sAhasa kI sarAhanA kI kintu dUsare hI kSaNa, usane apanA rukha badalA, muni ke prati atyanta upekSA dikhAte hue usane kambala se apane gande paira pauMcha kara use gaMde pAnI meM DAla diyaa| yaha saba dekhakara muni atyanta krodhita hue / taba kozA ne use pratibodhita kiyA ki kAma-vAsanA kI kSaNika tRpti ke liye brahmacarya kA bhaMga kyA anamola brahmacarya ratna ko gaMdI nAlI meM DAlanA nahIM hai| kozA ke ina zabdoM ko sunakara muni ne saMyamavrata grahaNa kiyaa| vaha kozA ke

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68 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya nirdezAnusAra AcArya sthUlibhadra ke pAsa pahuMcA aura unase kSamA yAcanA kii| apane duSkRtya kI nindA karate hue prAyazcita kara usane svayaM ko zuddha kiyaa| isI Agama-pracalita kathA ko madhyakAlIna vibhinna jaina-kaviyoM evaM sAdhuoM ne grahaNa kara aneka sarasa granthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| kucha kaviyoM ne isa kathA para prabandha race to kucha eka ne laghu phAga to zeSa ne phuTakara kavitta hI |in sabhI kaviyoM ne ukta kathya ko jyoM-kA tyoM hI grahaNa nahIM kiyA apitu aneka ne usameM AvazyakatAnusAra parivartana kara liye| adhikAMza kaviyoM ne rAjA nanda ke maMtrI zakaDAla ke putra sthUlibhadra ke vairAgya ko hI apanI racanA kI viSaya vastu banAyA hai| zakaDAla vararuci aura rathika kA kathAvRtta kA varNana do tIna kRtiyoM meM huA hai| madhyakAla taka (vizeSataH 18 vIM zatAbdI taka) racita sthUlibhadra se sambandhita nimnalikhita kRtiyAM milatI haiMkra.saM. graMtha kA nAma racayitA lipikartA ra. kA. li. kAla (vi. saM.) (vi. saM.) / 1. sthUlibhadra kathA 2. sthUlibhadra phAga jinapadma sUri - 1390 sthUlibhadra phAga halarAja 1409 4. sthUlibhadra bAramAsA hIrAnaMda sUri -- 1465 5. sthUlibhadra kavitta somasuMdara sUri - 1481 6. sthUlibhadra kAka depAla 1491 7. sthUlibhadra chaMda merunandana - 15vIM zatI 1. kumAra pAla pratibodha - somaprabhAcArya,pR. 443-461 2. rAsa evaM rAsAnvayI kAvya - saM. dazaratha zarmA evaM dazaratha ojhA, pR. 138-143 3. svAdhyAya - aMka 3, puSpa 8 (zrI kanubhAI vrajalAla zeTha kA lekha - adyAvata aprasiddha kavi halarAjakRta sthUlibhadra phaagu)| 4. gurjara kavio, bhAga 3 - mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, pR.439 5. vahI, pR.438 6. sthUlibhadra kAkAdi-prakAzaka rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura pR. 1-6 7. saM. agaracanda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA * maNidhArI zrI jinacanda sUri aSTma zatAbdI smRti-graMtha, dvitIya khaNDa pR.61

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sthUlibhadra-kathA aura tatsambandhI rAjasthAnI racanAeM 69 1644 8. sthUlibhadra phAga jagamala - 16vIM zatI - 9. sthUlibhadra aTThAvIsaU padmasAgara - 1530 10. sthUlibhadra ekavIso lAvaNyasamaya - 1533 11. sthUlibhadra bAsaThIo jayavallabha - 12. sthUlibhadra guNa sahajasuMdara 1572 ratnAkara chanda 13. sthUlibhadra madana buddha govardhana - 1604 14. sthUlibhadra kozA jayavantasUri - 16vIM zatI prema vilAsa phAga 15. sthUlibhadra mohana velI jayavantasUri 16. sthUlibhadra chattIsI vA. kuzalalAbha - 17. sthUlibhadra (phAga) mAladeva - dhamAli caupaI 18. sthUlibhadra svAdhyAya ANaMdasoma - 1622 19. sthUlibhadra rAsa samayasuMdara - 1622 8. (ka) saM. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-1, pR. 38-39 (kha) kaviyoM ke kAla ke anusAra racanAoM kA lagabhaga racanAkAla nikAlakara kramako banAye rakhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / isIliye aneka sthaloM para zatI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 9. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura - ha. graM.2700-27136 10. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-1, pR. 225 11. vahI, pR.517-518 12. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura - pra. 27245 13. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-3, pR.653 14. vahI, pR.671-672 15. vahI, pR.671 16. zrI abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera 17. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha 18. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-1, pR. 225 19. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-3, pR. 844

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya -- 20 sthUlibhadra rAsa raMgakuzala - 1644 21 sthUlibhadra rAsa samayasuMdaropAdhyAya - 17vIM zatI - 22. sthUlibhadra rAsa RSabhadAsa 1668 23. sthUlibhadra gIta samayasuMdara - 1889 24. sthUlibhadra caupAI sAdhukIrti - 17vIM zatI - (rAsa) 25. sthUlibhadra kozyAbhAsa nayasuMdara 26. sthUlibhadra rAsa udayaratna 27. sthUlibhadra rAsa jinaharSa 28. sthUlibhadra caupaI caritrasuMdara 29. sthUlibhadra zIyala velI vIravijaya 1862 30. sthUlibhadra sajjhAya devakumArI 31. sthUlibhadra rAsa tuhaMlarAja 32. sthUlibhadra RSIzvara kathA 1824 20. maNidhArI zrI ji. caM., sUri a. za. smRti graMtha - saMpAdaka agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR.61 21. vahI 22. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-1, pR.415 23. vahI, pR.388 24. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-3, pR. 700 25. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, graM. 2023 26. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, graM.29755, 29682 27. maNi zrI ji. caM. sUri, a. za. smRti graMtha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR.61 28. jayacanda bhaNDAra, bIkAnera 29. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, graM.27358 30. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, graM. 3550(14) 31. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura,graM. 34062(1) 32. vahI, graMtha 29029

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sthUlabhadra - kathA aura tatsambandhI rAjasthAnI racanAeM 33. sthUlibhadra carita saraNArtha 34. sthUlabhadra bAramAsAdi (rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, graMtha 32714) 35. sthUlabhadra phAga ratnavallabha (jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, pR. 412) 71 isa prakAra vikrama kI 12 vIM zatAbdI se 19 vIM zatAbdI taka sthUlabhadra se sambandhita adyAvadhi racanAeM upalabdha ho gaI haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se inakI bhASA prAkRta, apabhraMza aura gujarAtI mizrita rAjasthAnI bhASA hI hai| ina sabhI kRtiyoM para tattkAlIna pracalita bhASAoM evaM unakI rUpa racanA kA pUrNa prabhAva hai / ataH bhASA evaM jaina saMskRti kI dRSTi se ina racanAoM kA vizeSa mahatva kahA jA sakatA hai / 33. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, graMtha 2509

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rAjasthAnI kI pramukha jaina kAvyazAstrIya racanAeM rAjasthAnI sAhitya samRddha bhASA hai| isameM 10 vI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se hI vividha vidhAoM meM sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai| inhIM vidhAoM meM eka mahatvapUrNa sAhityika paramparA hai-lakSNa granthoM athavA kAvyazAstrIya racanAoM ke sajana kii| yadyapi isa paramparA kA udgama bhAratIya vAGmaya meM saMskRta ke lakSaNa granthoM se mAnA jAtA hai kintu vikAsAtmaka dRSTi se rAjasthAnI lakSaNa granthoM ke lekhana kI paramparA ko prAkRta aura apabhraMza kI kAvyazAstrIya avadhAraNAoM se mAnanA ucita hogaa| rAjasthAnI kAvyazAstrIya racanAoM meM vivecita aneka chandoM kA byaurA hama gAhA satasaI, prAkRta paiMgalam, bhavisayatakahA, chandAnuzAsana, chaMdakoza Adi prAkRta-apabhraMza lakSaNa racanAoM ke vivecana ke nikaTa pAte haiN| isake do kAraNa saMbhava hai-prathama, rAjasthAnI kA prAkRta evaM apabhraMza se vikasita honA, tathA dvitIya, prAkRta-apabhraMza ke adhikAMza lakSaNa-graMtha kartAoM kA jaina honA |inhiiN do pravRttiyoM se rAjasthAnI jaina kAvyazAstriyoM ne preraNA lekara lakSaNa-graMthoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| saMbhavataH isI prabhAva se rAjasthAnI jaina kAvyazAstriyoM kI racanAoM meM rasa, dhvani, nAyikA-bhedoM kI apekSA chanda evaM unake prastAra Adi se sambandhita adhika lakSaNa graMtha likhe gye| ina kAvyAzAstriyoM ne nAmamAlAeM bhI likhIM, jinakI paramparA pAianAmalacchImAlA se jor3I jA sakatI hai| jainiyoM kI yahIM paraMparA yahAM ke jainettara kAvyazAstriyoM ke lakSaNa-graMthoM meM bhI milatI hai| kAvyazAstrIya racanAoM ke sAtha nAmamAlAoM ke saMkalana evaM vivecana ke viSaya meM jaina athavA jenettara kisI kAvyazAstrI ne koI Thosa tarka yA saMketa nahIM kiyaa| isa saMdarbha meM hamArI yahI saMbhAvanA hai ki zabda zaktiyoM ke mAdhyama se kAvya kA artha nizcita kiyA jAtA hai, ataH nAmamAlAoM

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rAjasthAnI kI pramukha jaina kAvyazAstrIya racanAeM (kozaparaka sAhitya) ko bhI rAjasthAnI AcAryoM ne kAvyazAstrIya viSaya-vastu ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyaa| rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM lakSaNa graMthoM kI paramparA kA itivRtta jAnane para yaha spaSTa hotA haiM ki jaisalamera ke rAvala hararAja ke Azrita evaM guru kharataragacchIya vAcaka kuzalalAbha dvArA yahAM lakSaNa granthoM kA lekhana Arambha huaa| isa dRSTi se rAjasthAnI kAvyazAstra ke itihAsa meM rAjasthAnI jaina kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA likhita racanAoM kA viziSTa mahatva haiM / kuzalalAbha rAjasthAnI kA hI nahIM hindI kA bhI prathama kAvyazAstrI hai| isake atirikta anya jaina rAjasthAnI kAvyazAstriyoM meM ullekhanIya nAma haiM-sahajasuMdara, uttamacaMda bhaMDArI, udayacaMda bhaMDArI kA / inakI mahatvapUrNa kAvyazAstrIya racanAoM kA vivecana yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| piMgala ziromaNi kazalalAbha ne piMgala ziromaNi kI racanA vi.saM. 1635 kI zrAvaNa zuklA navamI, ravivAva ko pUrNa kii| isake prathama prakAza se caturtha prakAza taka 104 prakAra ke mAMtrika, varNika, saMkara chaMdoM kA bhedopabheda sahita vivecana huA hai| gAhA, dUhA, soraThA, chappaya chaMdoM kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pAMcave prakAza (adhyAya) meM kuzalalAbha ne kAvyazAstra meM pracalita prastAra vidhi kA kathana kiyA hai / chanda-vivecana ke uparAnta chaThe prakAza meM kavi ne 75 prakAra ke alaMkAroM kA lakSaNa-udAharaNa sahita vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / lekhA, anujJA, avajJA ko eka hI alaMkAra batAkara kavi ne apanI maulikatA kA paricaya diyA hai| isI prakAra kuzalalAbha ne kAvyazAstra kI eka anUThI, navIna paramparA "sAsotarA kathana" se bhI avagata karAyA hai| piMgala-ziromaNi kA sAtavAM adhyAya "uDiMgala nAmamAlA hai| isameM kavi ne 32 nAmoM ke vividha paryAya prastuta kiye haiN| piMgala ziromaNi kA antima adhyAya "gIta prakaraNa" nAma se hai| isameM DiMgala gItoM kI paramparA batAte hue cAlIsa prakAra ke vividha gItoM ke lakSaNa-udAharaNa prastuta kie haiN| kavi ne sampUrNa viSaya-vastu ko samajhAne ke liye aneka kathAoM vizeSakara rAmakathA kA sahArA liyA hai| piMgala ziromaNi kI sampUrNa viSaya vastu ko nimnalikhita cAra adhyAyoM meM vyavasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai adhyAya 1: chaMda nirUpaNa adhyAya 2: alaMkAra nirUpaNa

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74 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya adhyAya 3 : uDiMgala nAmamAlA, aura adhyAya 4 : gIta prakaraNa / 1 alaMkAra Azaya jodhapura nivAsI uttamacaMda bhaMDArI2 kI racanA "alaMkAra Azaya" kA rAjasthAnI kAvyazAstra meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / kavi ne isakI racanA nAgaura meM vi.saM. 1857 meM kii| isakI eka prati rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura meM saMgRhIta hai / prati kA lipikAla 19 vIM zatAbdI likhA huA hai / sampUrNa racanA 146 patroM meM pratilipita hai, para aMtima patra anupalabdha hai| graMtha ke AraMbha meM kavi ne apane guru rUpa meM muni sAgaracaMda evaM kavi rAmakaraNa kA smaraNa karate hae vividha zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAroM kA sodAharaNa vivecana kiyA hai| vivecana meM rAjasthAnI ke sAtha brajabhASA ke aneka sundara prayoga darzanIya haiM / prAkRta, apabhraMza aura saMskRta ke suMdara prayogoM ne bhI Alocya graMtha ke zAstrIyatva ko dviguNita kiyA hai| sAhityasAra ___ isake racayitA uttamacaMda bhaMDArI ke anuja aura kAvyaziSya udayacaMda bhaMDArI hai| udayacaMda bhaMDArI ne apane agraja uttamacaMda bhaMDArI ke sAnidhya meM chandaprabandha', chandavibhUSaNa, prastAra-prabandha bhASA, zabdArtha-candrikA' nAmaratnamAlA, rasanivAsa, Adi kAvyazAstrIya racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| "sAhitya sAra" inhIM racanAoM meM se zabdArtha caMdrikA, dUSaNadarpaNa, rasa nivAsa, chaMda vibhUSaNa kA saMgraha hai| kavi ne yaha 1. DaoN. manamohana svarUpa mAthura - kuzalalAbha : vyaktittva aura kRtittva, pR.98 2. kavi kA anya lakSaNa graMtha hai - chaMdaprakAza saMvArtA 3. graMthAMka 15089 - saMgraha rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura 4. rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, hastalikhita graMtha saMkhyA 13780(1) racanAkAla vi.saM. 1864 nAgaura meM 5. vahI,graM.13780, racanAkAla vi.saM. 1875 6. vahI, graM.13780 (2), racanAkAla vi. saM. 1879 7. vahI, graM. 13780, racanAkAla vi. saM. 1890 8. vahI, graM. 13780(1), racanAkAla vi. saM. 1899 9. vahI, graM.13780

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rAjasthAnI kI pramukha jaina kAvyazAstrIya racanAeM 75 saMgraha jodhapura meM mahArAjA mAnasiMha ke Azraya meM vi.saM. 1890 meM kiyA / ina sabakA khulAsA kavi ne graMtha ke AraMbhika cAra dahoM meM kiyA hai| . "graMtha kI prApta hastalikhita prati bar3e guTakA AkAra meM hai / 2 Alocya racanA kAla kI viSaya vastu 103 patroM meM lipibabaddha hai| kavi ne graMtha kI pUrvapIThikA ke rUpa meM kavi, kukavi, dagdha, adagdhAkSara, zabda kI upayuktatA, budha, kubudha vyakti dvArA kAvya ke prati nyAya Adi kI carcA kI haiN| isake uparAnta kAvyatva, sAhityasAra nAmakaraNa, kAvya-doSa, kAvya meM vibhaktiyoM, upasargoM ke prayoga Adi kI vyAkhyA karate hue zabdazaktiyoM ke sodAharaNa bhedopabhedoM kI vistAra se carcA kI hai / vivakSita vAcya dhvani kA lakSaNa dete hue kavi ne kahA hai hota vivacchita vAcya dhvani avidhA sau dvai jAna / asaMlakSakrama krama rahita saMlakSakakramavAna / / kavi ne zabda zaktiyoM ko citra-yaMtra dvArA bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| "sAhitya-sAra" graMtha kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai--- sAhita siMdhu athAha ko thAha gahana jo sAra / suddha sugama saMpUrNa mata racyau sukara niradhAra // asamajate bhAsai kahUM artha asudhatA bhaay| kiye vicAra asuddha nahiM hai yahAM iSTa shaay| kiya prasaMsa digavijaya jaba jAvanai SaMDahi loy| SaDa sake kouna kavi ucata prasaMsA soca / / prAraMbhika aMza kA zIrSaka sAhityasAra hone ke tatsaMbaMdhI anya prakaraNoM ko bhI kavi ne isI zIrSaka meM samAhita kara liyA hai| vastutaH yaha racanA ukta cAroM kRti -- - - - 1. sumara ganesaru sAradA, iSTa sakala sussdhaaNm| lai sahAya graMtha su likhau sahita sAra sunAMma / / 1 / / zabdasiddha vyAkaraNa te artha siddha sAhitya / saprayojana artha suM likhau sahita nau tana kRtya // 2 // prakaraNa cyAra likhyAM jude apane apane nAma / sAhita sAra suM ekaThA likhyA nAma abhirAMma // 3 // isa zabdAratha caMdra kA dUSana darpaNa doy| rasa nivAsa traya caturatha suchaMda vibhUSana joya / / 4 / / 2. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha. li. graM. 13780(3)

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76 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI TIkA hai / isIliye udayacaMda bhaMDArI ne ise sAhityasAra bhASA TIkA bhI kahA hai| rAjasthAnI mizrita brajabhASA kI yaha atyanta sundara kAvyazAstrIya racanA hai| __ saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM ne apanI paramparA ke anusAra carita kAvya hI adhika race kintu kAvya kI samIkSArtha lakSaNoM ke nirmANaka mUlyoM kI sthApanA hetu unhoMne tatsambandhI lakSaNa granthoM kA bhI nirmANa kiyaa| ina jaina lakSaNa granthoM meM saMskRta AcAryoM kI sI gUDhatA kI apekSA sahajatA evaM grAhyatA adhika hai| vaise bhASA rAjasthAnI hai kintu paravartI lakSaNa vivecaka racanAoM meM braja athavA rAjasthAnI ke piMgala rUpa kA prabhAva adhika lakSita hai|

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8 nAgaura janapada ke pramukha jaina kavi aura unakI racanAoM meM citrita aitihAsika saMdarbha rAjasthAna bhAratavarSa kA eka sAMskRtika pradeza hai| yahAM ke pratyeka nagara aura gAMva se koI na koI itihAsa avazya jur3A huA hai| rAjasthAna kA nAgaura bhI aisA hI eka mahatvapUrNa sAMskRtika evaM aitihAsika janapada hai, jise prAcInakAla meM sapAdalakSa, ahicchatrapura (ahipura), nAgahRda, bhujaMgapura, nAgapura, nAgapaTTana, zeSapura Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA rahA hai / 1 karnala jemsa TaoNDa ne isakA nAma nAgadurga batalAyA hai tathA jaina sAhitya meM isakA ullekha - nAgaura ke rUpa meM huA hai / 3 yaha zabda rupa nAgaura pada ke adhika nikaTa lagatA hai| 700 varSa prAcIna tavArIkhoM meM bhI nAgora zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. vastutaH itihAsakAroM dvArA nirdiSTa jAMgala pradeza kI yaha nagara (nAgora-ahicchatrapura) rAjadhAnI thA / isa para cauhAnoM kA zAsana thaa| dillI-siMdha ke rAjamArga para sthita hone ke kAraNa yaha eka pramukha vyApArika kendra bhI thA / ataH isa kSetra para rAjanItika utAra-car3hAva Ane svAbhAvika the / isIliye nAgaura para cauhAnoM ke bAda muhammada bahalIma tathA dillI ke anya musalamAna zAsakoM kA zAsana rahA / antataH yaha rAva amarasiMha rAThauDa ke adhIna vi.saM. 1696 meM huA / rAThaur3oM ke gau. hI. ojhA - jodhapura rAjya kA itihAsa, pR. 329 pazcimI bhArata kI yAtrA (hindI anu), rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura je. esa. pI. 12, pR. 102 (nAgaura caitya paripATI) gau. hI. ojhA - bIkAnera rAjya kA itihAsa, khaMDa-2, pR. 1-2 jagadIzasiMha gahalota - mAravAr3a rAjya kA itihAsa

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78 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya zAsanakAla taka nAgaura janapada kI sImA nAgaura, jAyala, lADanUM, DIDavAnA, mer3atA, DegAnA, parvatasara, nAvAM, makarAnA, kucAmana se sambaddha thii| nAgaura ke sampUrNa itihAsa ke pariprekSya se spaSTa hotA hai ki nAgaura eka sAMskRtika janapada thaa| yahAM sAhitya kI eka ujjvala paramparA vikasita thii| jaina dharma kI bhaTTAraka paramparA kA yahAM pUrNa vikAsa huaa|' bhaTTAraka dharmakIrti (vi.saM.1590), bhaTTAraka yazakIrti (vi.saM.1672), bhaTTAraka bhAnukIrti (vi.saM.1690), bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa (vi.saM.1705), bhaTTAraka dharmacanda (vi.saM.1712) Adi nAgaura kI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke Aloka staMbha haiM / bhaTTAraka aura cetyAlaya paramparA ke aMtargata hI yahAM aneka maMdiroM, upAsaroM, kA nirmANa karavAyA gyaa|2 yugapradhAna jinacandra lAhaura jAte hue nAgaura meM ruke / 3 yahAM jaina dharma kA itanA adhika pracAra-prasAra rahA ki jaina saMpradAya ke 84 gacchoM meM se tapAgaccha kI nAgaurIya tapAgacchIya zAkhA ne vi.saM. 1174 se apanI pahacAna banA lii| 15 vIM zatAbdI meM "lorikAgaccha" ne bhI apanA vikAsa yahIM kiyA / vartamAna meM lADanUM meM sthApita jaina vidyA adhyayana saMsthAna (DImDa yUnivarsiTI) bhI isI vikAsa yAtrA kA utkarSa hai / isa pRSThabhUmi se svataH siddha hotA hai ki nAgaura janapada meM jaina sAhitya sarjana kI sudIrghakAlIna paramparA rahI hai| jaina yatiyoM, sAdhuoM ne yahAM saMskRta, rAjasthAnI, hindI meM acchI racanAeM likhiiN| inhIM meM se katipaya ullekhanIya rAjasthAnI jaina racanAkAroM aura unakI kRtiyoM meM yathA-prasaMga varNita aitihAsika prasaMgoM para prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. malladhArI hemacaMda abhayadeva ke ziSya malladhArI hemacaMdra ne vi.saM. 1180 meM mer3atA aura chatrapallI meM raha kara apanI prasiddha kRti "bhavabhAvanA" kA nirmANa kiyaa| isake atirikta anuyogadvAra, jIvasamAsazataka jaisI jaina dharma kI anivArya racanAoM kI bhI Apane vistRta vyAkhyAeM kI / malladhArI hemacaMdra ne eka vizAla saMgha ke sAtha zatrujaya aura giranAra kI yAtrA kI thii| 1. DaoN. bI. pI. johArapurakara - bhaTTAraka saMpradAya, pR. 124-25 2. je. esa. pI.12, pR. 102 3. saM. ma. vinayasAgara - kharataragaccha kA itihAsa,prathama khaNDa

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nAgaura janapada ke pramukha jaina kavi aura unakI racanAoM meM citrita aitihAsika saMdarbha 79 2. hIrakalaza hIrakalaza kharataragacchIya harSaprabha ke ziSya the| ye nAgaura maNDala meM kAphI samaya taka rhe| yahIM rahakara kavi ne joisahIra (jyotiSa sAra)', sAta vyasana gIta (vi.saM. 1622)2, ArAdhanA caupaI (vi.saM. 1623)3, siMghAsana battIsI (vi. saM. 1636, mer3atA)4, zuddha samakita gIta Adi racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| joisahIra (vi.saM. 1621) kavi kI eka mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| yaha mUlataH prAkRta bhASA kI racanA hai| hIrakalaza ne isakA rAjasthAnI rUpAntara 905 padyoM meM vi.saM. 1657 meM pUrA kiyaa| sArAbhAI navAba, ahamadAbAda kI ora se yaha graMtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| hIrakalaza ke ziSya hemacaMdra the| inhoMne bhI aneka acchI kAvya racanAye kii| 3. harSakIrti nAgaurI tapAgaccha zAkhA ke AcArya candrakIrti ke ye ziSya the| harSa kIrti kI racanAoM aura samakAlIna ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya 16 vIM zatAbdI kA antima evaM 17 vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa siddha hotA hai / kavi ne apanI racanAeM saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI meM likhiiN| inakI ullekhanIya racanAeM haiM-dhAtupATha, dhAtutaraMgiNI, sArasvata dIpikA, vRhatazAnti stotra TIkA (vi.saM. 1655), janmapatrI paddhati (vi.saM. 1660), seTaaniTakArikA (vi.sa. 1662), zAradIya nAmamAlA, siMdUraprakaraNa TIkA, kalyANamaMdira TIkA aadi| harSakIrti kI "dhAtutaraMgiNI" nAmaka kRti meM tatkAlIna nAgaura ke itihAsa kI jhalaka milatI hai| kavi ne apanI bhaTTAraka paramparA kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki yati padmamerU ke ziSya padmasuMdara gaNi dvArA akabara kI sabhA meM kisI paMDita ko parAjita kara padmasuMdara ko sammAnita kiyA gyaa| svayaM harSakIrti ko jodhapura ke rAjA rAva mAladeva se sammAna milaa| 1. sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura - zodha patrikA, bhAga-7, aMka-4 2. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha. graM.2893(36), patra 70vAM 3. sAhitya saMsthAna udayapura, zodha patrikA, bhAga-7, aMka-4 4. vahI 5. rA.prA.vi.pra., jodhapura, i. graM. 2893(26), patra 60vAM 6. DaoN. rAjendraprakAza bhaTanAgara - jaina Ayurveda kA itihAsa, pR. 118 (pra.saM)

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 4. samayasuMdara samayasuMdara ne yathA-prasaMga apanI racanAoM meM apanA sAmAnya paricaya dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| unake anusAra ve sAMcora meM janme the| ve kharataragacchIya yuga pradhAna jinacaMdra sUri ke mukhya ziSya candradhara upAdhyAya ke ziSya the| samayasuMdara ne apane guru kI AjJAnusAra yAtrAeM kIM / inameM se pramukha yAtrAeM-mulatAna, lAhora, ahamadAbAda, khambhAta, AgarA, mAroTha, mer3atA, nAgora, raNakapura, pATaNa, jAlora, jaisalamera Adi the| inhIM nagaroM ke upAsaroM meM rahakara samaya suMdara ne choTI-bar3I lagabhaga 500 racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| vi.saM. 1672-1685 taka ve prAyaH nAgaura janapada meM Ate rahe aura yahAM rahate hue unhoMne nimnalikhita racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA1. samayacArI zataka (bhASA saMskRta, vi.saM. 1672, mer3atA nagara meM) 2. vizeSa zataka (bhASA saMskRta, vi.saM. 1672, mer3atA nagara meM racita, patra 67)4 3. kSamAbattIsI (bhASA-rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI, nAgora nagara meM racita)5 4. siMhalasuta priyamelaka rAsa (bhASA-rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI vi.saM. 1672, mer3atA nagara meM racita) 5. naladamayantIrAsa (rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI, vi.saM. 1667, mer3atA nagara meM racita) 6. zatrujayarAsa (rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI, vi.saM. 1682, nAgaura nagara meM racita)8 7. sItArAma prabandha caupaI (rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI, vi.saM. 1683, mer3atA nagara meM viracita) 1. sItArAma caupaI : graMthAMka 3958, rA. prA. vi. pra., jodhapura 2. (ka) artharatnAvalI (aSTalakSmI kI prazasti) pITarasena riporTa naM. 1174, pR.68 (kha) saM. mo. lA. da. caMda desAI - AnaMdakAvya mahaudadhi, mau.7, pR. 17-18 3. AnaMdakAvya mahodadhi, mau.7, pR. 23-26 4. vahI 5. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha.aM.8422(15), patra 80-82 . 6. vahI, ha. graMthAMka 261 7. vahI,graM. 3889 8. vahI, graM. 10954 9. vahI, graM. 3958

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nAgaura janapada ke pramukha jaina kavi aura unakI racanAoM meM citrita aitihAsika saMdarbha 81 kavi kI "zatrujaya yAtrA rAsa" nAmaka racanA meM "tillI rA gIta rI DhAla" ke saMdarbha meM kahA gayA haiM ki yaha dezI rAginI mer3atA nagara meM kAphI prasiddha thii| isase spaSTa hai ki madhyakAlIna nAgaurajanapada meM saMgIta kI aneka gAyakiyAM pracalita thiiN| 5. harSagaNi jinacaMdra sUri ke ziSya harSagaNi nAgaura tapAgaccha ke pramukha kavi haiN| vi.saM. 1673 meM inhoMne mer3atA meM paMcamI tapa garbhita "nemijinavara stavana" kI racanA kii| kavi kI yaha eka laghu racanA hai, jisameM jainiyoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI stuti kI gaI hai| 6. sumatihaMsa ye begar3agaccha ke jaina kavi the| jinaharSa sUri ke ye ziSya the| nAgaura maNDala meM rahakara Apane meghakumAra caupaI (vi.saM. 1686, pIpAr3a), caubIsI (vi. saM. 1697, mer3atA), vaidarbhI caupaI (vi.saM.1713, jayatAraNa), rAtribhojana caupaI (vi.saM. 1723, jayatAraNa) Adi kAvya racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| 7. kamalaharSa ye jinarAja sUri ke ziSya mAnavijaya jI ke ziSya the| inakA "jinarAja sUri kA gIta" aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM saMgRhIta hai| inhoMne "pANDavarAsa" nAmaka racanA kA nirmANa mer3atA meM rahakara vi.saM. 1728 kI Asoja vadi dUja ko kiyaa| inake alAvA kamalaharSa kI anya racanAeM dhannA caupaI (vi.saM.1725 Asoja sudi 6, sojata), aMjanA caupaI (vi.saM. 1733 bhAdavA sudi 2), rAtri bhojana caupaI (vi.saM.1750, lUNakaraNasara), AdinAtha cauDhAliyo evaM dazavaikAlika sajjhAya haiN| 8. jayacaMdra yati vacanikA traya meM prasiddha racanA "mAtAjI rI vacanikA" ke racayitA jayacaMdra yati bhI nAgaura ke nivAsI the| vacanikA ke anusAra ye kharataragacchIya yati the| kRti kI puSpikA ke anusAra jayacaMdra yati ne isakI racanA jodhapura ke mahArAjA ajItasiMha 1. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha. graM. 12205(18) 2. saM. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, pR. 234-250 3. saM. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, ai. jai. kA. saM., pR. 102

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82 ke zAsanakAla meM vi.saM. 1776 meM kucerA (nAgaura) nAmaka grAma meM kI / racanA kA mUla viSaya durgAsaptazatI para AdhArita bhagavatI kI ArAdhanA hai / kavi ne yathAprasaMga mahArAjA ajItasiMha aura unake zAsana prabandha kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / 9. jayamalla' - -- lAMbiyA grAma ke mohatA mohanadAsa ke ye putra the / eka bAra jayamalla vyApAra ke liye mer3atA Aye / vahAM unakA RSi bhUdhara se milanA huaa| unake upadeza se ve bahuta prabhAvita hue / vi.saM. 1788 migasara vadI 2 ko 22 varSa kI Ayu meM mer3atA meM hI unhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| vi.saM. 1852 meM ve nAgaura Aye / vyAdhi ke kAraNa yahIM unhoMne vi.saM. 1853 meM saMthArA kiyaa| apane jIvanakAla meM unhoMne nAgaura maNDala ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM rahakara khaMdhaka RSi caupaI (vi.saM. 1811, lADanUM), vIza vIharamAna stavana (vi.saM. 1824, mer3atA), devadattA caupaI (vi.saM. 1825, nAgaura) racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA, jinameM yahAM ke sAMskRtika jIvana kA acchA citraNa huA hai / rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 10. jJAnasAgara jJAnasAgara ne nAgaura meM rahakara do racanAeM likhI - ilAyacI kumAra rAsa' aura ASAr3ha bhUtirAsa / prathama racanA kA sRjanakAla vi.saM. 1829 likhA milatA haiM / isakA viSaya jaina muni ilAyacI kumAra kI dIkSA se sambaddha haiN| dUsarI racanA meM bhI zIla kA upadeza kathana hai / donoM hI racanAoM kI puSpikAoM se kavi tapAgacchIya yati siddha hotA hai / 1 11. rAyacaMdra ye jayamala jI ke ziSya aura paTTadhara the / apane guru kI bhAMti hI inhoMne lagabhaga pacAsa racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA / nAgaura maNDala ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM racita inakI nimnalikhita racanAeM milatI hai| inakI puSpikAoM meM kavi kA nAma RSi rAyacanda bhI milatA hai| saMbhava hai inheM RSi kI upAdhi prApta ho 1. 2. 3. 4. saM. DaoN. nArAyaNasiMha bhATI paramparA, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla, aMka, pR. 121-122 rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha. li. graM. 2045 vahI, graM. 3553 (6) vahI, graM. 907 -

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nAgaura janapada ke pramukha jaina kavi aura unakI racanAoM meM citrita aitihAsika saMdarbha 83 "jugamaMdhara stavana (vi.saM.1821, nAgaura)', samAdhi paccIsI (vi.saM.1833, mer3atA), marudevI sajjhAya (vi.saM.1833, mer3atA), mahAvIra jI ro cauDhAliyo (vi.saM. 1839, mer3atA)2, metAraja caupaI (vi.saM.1842, nAgaura), jayavaMtI ro sataDhAliyo (vi.saM.1842, nAgaura)3. kalAvatI caupaI (vi.saM.1837. mer3atA), RSabhacarita (vi.saM. 1840, pIpADa) ASAr3habhUti paMcaDhAliyo (vi.saM. 1837, nAgaura), samyakatva cauDhAliyo (vi.saM. 1833, pIpAr3a), nAlaMdApAr3A sajjhAya (vi.saM.1838, nAgaura), dIvAlI stavana (vi.saM.1847, mer3atA), rAvaNa DhAla (vi.saM.1833, mer3atA) devakI DhAla (vi.saM. 1838, nAgaura), naMdaNa maNihAra caupaI, vi.saM. 1821, nAgaura), jJAna guNamAlA (vi.saM. 1855, mer3atA), tapodhana aNagAraDhAla (vi.saM. 1842, nAgaura), kRpaNa paccIsI (mer3atA), dIkSA paccIsI (vi.saM. 1836, nAgaura) aadi| 12. uttamacaMda bhaNDArI ye jodhapura ke mahArAjA mAnasiMha ke saciva, mitra evaM ucca koTi ke sAhityakAra the| rAjakIya kAryoM se ye nAgaura meM kAphI samaya taka rahe / isI kAla meM yahAM bhaMDArI jI ne kAvyazAstrIya graMtha "alaMkAra Azaya" kA sarjana kiyA / isa racanA ke atirikta uttamacaMda bhaMDArI kI anya racanAeM tarka-tatvanAtha candrikA bhI hai| ye prAkRta, apabhraMza aura saMskRta ke acche jJAtA the| bhASAoM ke sAtha hI kAvyazAstra kI zikSA inhoMne apane anuja udayacaMda bhaMDArI ko dii| kavirAja bAMkIdAsa se inakI gaharI mitratA thI / vastutaH unheM rAjadarabAra meM le jAne kA zreya uttamacaMda bhaMDArI ko hI jAnA caahiye| 13. udayacaMda bhaNDArI jodhapara nagara ke tripoliyA bAjAra meM sthita 'peTI kA noharA' nAmaka sthAna para inakA janma vi.saM. 1840 kI jyeSTha kRSNA caturdazI guruvAra ke dina huA thaa| inakA janma nAma Anandamalla thaa| dhArmika dRSTi se ye jaina sampradAya kI tapAgacchIya zAkhA ke anuyAyI the| inake saMbhAvita guru muni sAgaracaMdra jI the| udayacaMda acche rAjanItijJa aura prazAsaka the| isI kuzalatA ke kAraNa ve nAgaura janapada ke DIDavAnA, mer3atA, nAgaura kI dIvAnI adAlatoM meM adhikArI rahe / 1. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha. li. graM. 10907(4), patra 7-8 2. vahI,10907(3), patra 6-7 3. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura,graM.11994, patra 1-4

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84 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya isI samaya udayacaMda bhaMDArI ne nAgaura meM jJAna-pradIpikA aura chaMda prabandha tathA DIDavAnA meM zanIzcarajI kI kathA kA praNayana kiyaa| ina racanAoM ke atirikta kavi kI vividha viSayoM para likhita lagabhaga 25 racanAeM aura milatI haiM, jinameM ullekhanIya racanAeM haiM--sAhityasAra, chanda-vibhUSaNa, brahmavilAsa, AtmajJAna Adi / ina jaina racanAkAroM ke atirikta nAgaura janapada ke nimnalikhita kavi bhI ullekhanIya haiN| yadyapi inakA nijI paricaya adhika prApta nahIM hotA, kintu inakI racanAoM meM yathA prasaMga nAgaura janapada se sambaddha rAjanItika, sAMskRtika evaM dhArmika itihAsa ke stotra avazya ujAgara ho jAte haiM14. cauthamala inakA janma vi.saM. 1800 meM bhaMvAla gAMva meM huA thaa| jhAmar3a gotrIya rAmacaMdra inake pitA aura gumAna bAI mAtA thii| muni amIcaMda ke pAsa vi.saM. 1810 meM inhoMne muni dIkSA grahaNa kii| vi.saM. 1880 meM mer3atA meM inakA svargavAsa huaa| cauthamala jI ne rAjasthAnI meM acchI kAvya racanAeM kii| apane jIvanakAla meM nAgaura-maNDala meM nivAsa karate hue kavi ne nimnalikhita racanAeM nirmita kI mahAbhArata (DhAlasAgara-DhAla 163, vi.saM. 1856, nAgaura), zrIpAlacaritra (vi.saM.1862, pIpAr3a), dhanAvA seTha rI DhAla (jaitAraNa), rahanemI rAjamatI DhAla (vi.saM. 1862, pIpAr3a), caudaha zrotAvAM rI DhAla (vi.saM. 1852, pIpAr3a), tAmalItApasa caritra . (jaitAraNa), sanatakumAra cauDhAliyo (piipaadd')| 15. ratnacaMdra ye nAgaura nivAsI gaMgArAma jI sarasvatI ke dattaka putra the| pUjya gumAnacaMda jI ke upadezoM se vairAgya dhAraNa kara vi.saM. 1848 meM maNDora meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| inheM AcArya pada vi.saM. 1882 meM milA aura vi.saM. 1902 kI jeTha sudi caudasa ko jodhapura meM inakA dehAnta huaa| ratnacaMdra jI kA janma vi.saM. 1834 meM kuDha gAMva meM huaa| vi.saM. 1852-1891 taka likhita kavi kI lagabhaga dasa racanAeM milI hai| inameM se gaja sukumAla caritra kI racanA inhoMne nAgaura meM vi.saM. 1875 meM kii| yaha eka laghu racanA hai| 16. sabaLadAsa sabaladAsa AsakaraNa jI ke ziSya aura paTTadhara the| pokaraNa ke lUNiyA ANaMdarAma kA panI mandamvAI kI kakSi ye inakA janmavi.maM. 1829 ma huaa| bAraha

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nAgaura janapada ke pramukha jaina kavi aura unakI racanAoM meM citrita aitihAsika saMdarbha 85 varSa kI Ayu meM hI inhoMne jodhapura meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| apane guru AsakaraNa jI ke dehAnta ke uparAnta jodhapura meM hI inheM AcArya pada vi.saM. 1872 meM milaa| nAgaura meM racita inakI do racanAeM upalabdha haiM1. zIla sajjhAya (vi.saM. 1887)' evaM dhannA caupaI DhAla 62 (vi.saM.1890) 12 17. zivasuMdara- (kharataragacchIya somadhvaja ke ziSya gautama pRcchA, khIMvasara, nAgaura, vi.saM. 1569) 18. kanakasoma (jinapAlita jinarakSita rAsa, vi.saM. 1632, nAgaura, thAvacA sukozala caritra, vi.saM. 1655, nAgaura)3 19. guNavijaya (vijayasUri vijaya prakAza rAsa, vi.saM. 1652)4 20. vAcaka sUracaMda (zRMgAra rasamAlA, vi.saM. 1659, nAgaura) 21. vimala caritra (aMjanA suMdarI rAsa, vi.saM. 1663, padya 397, nAgaura) 22. dAnavinaya ("naMdIsena caupaI, gAthA 86, vi.saM. 1655, nAgaura)5 23. vidyAsAgara (kalAvatI caupaI, vi.saM. 1673, nAgaura) 24. mahimAmera (nemirAjula phAga, vi.saM. 1673, nAgaura) 25. sumativallabha (zrI jinadAsa sUri nirvANa rAsa, vi.saM. 1719)6 26. hIrANaMda (amRtamukhI catuSpadI, vi.saM. 1727, mer3atA) 27. jinalabdhi sUri (navakAra mahAtmya caupaI, vi.saM. 1750, jayatAraNa) 28. kuzalasiMha (saMtakumAra cauDhAliyo, vi.sa. 1789, jayatAraNa) 1. jinavANI, varSa 16, aMka 11 meM prakAzita 2. jainaratna pustakAlaya, jodhapura meM saMgRhIta 3. abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera meM saMgRhIta 4. saM. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA - aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR. 341-364 5. abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera meM saMgRhIta 6. aitihAsika jaina-kAvya saMgraha, pR.191-200

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86 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 29. AsakaraNa (nemI athavA cUnar3IDhAla, vi.saM. 1849', dhannA sataDhAliyau, vi.saM. 1859, nAgaura / ina jaina kaviyoM kI hematilaka sUri saMdhi (15 vIM zatAbdI)3, vijayasiha sUri vijaya prakAza rAsa (vi.saM. 1652)4, zrI jinarAja sUri nirvANa rAsa (vi.saM. 1719)5 nAmaka racanAoM meM nAgaura janapada ke saMdarbha meM aitihAsika sAmagrI milatI hai| prathama racanA cAlIsa padyoM meM racita haiN| ina padyoM ke anusAra nAgaura ke gAMdhI vIjaDa ke dolar3a nAmaka putra huaa| usake 14 varSa ke hone para bar3agaccha ke vAdideva sUri paramparA ke AcArya jayazekhara sUri kA vahAM pardApaNa huaa| dolar3a kumAra ne una AcArya zrI kI dharmadezanA sunI aura usase prabhAvita hokara kaDalU nagara ke RSabha maMdira meM saM. 1353 meM muni-dIkSA grahaNa kI / unakA dIkSA nAma 'hemakalaza' rakhA gyaa| par3ha likha kara ve vidvAna bane aura saM. 1370 meM unheM vAcanAcArya kA pada diyA gyaa| usa samaya pAlahI sAha ne utsava kiyaa| anukrama se vihAra karate hue ve nAgaura Aye taba saM. 1374 ke jeTha sudi 2 ko unheM vajrasena sUri ne apane paTTa para sthApita kiyaa| isa AcArya pada kA utsava nAharavaMzIya phammaNu zrAvaka ne kiyA thaa| anta meM ArAsana meM Ane para unhoMne apanA antakAla samIpa AyA dekhA, to anazana ArAdhanA karake zarIra tyAga diyaa| saM. 1400 se bilAr3a padmasAha ke utsava dvArA unake paTTa para ratnazekhara sUri ko sthApita kiyA gyaa| __dUsarI racanA meM vijayasiMha sUri kI AdhyAtmika vijaya kI kathA kahI gaI hai| pArzvanAtha kI stuti ke sAtha saMpUrNa yAtrA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| marumaNDala meM kavi ne mer3atA nagara kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| isa nagara kI kIrti samasta saMsAra meM haiN| yahAM kA rAjA mAndhAtA cakravartI rAjA hai| mer3atA alakApurI ke samAna sampanna hai| 1. jainaratna pustakAlaya, jodhapura meM saMgRhIta 2. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-3, pR. 333 3. saM. nArAyaNasiMha bhATI - paramparA, bhAga 48, 1978 I.pR. 36 4. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR. 341-364 5. vahI, pR. 191-200 6. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR. 344-46; cau. 32-56

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nAgaura janapada ke pramukha jaina kavi aura unakI racanAoM meM citrita aitihAsika saMdarbha 87 mer3atA kA aisA hI varNana "jinarAja sUri nirvANa rAsa" nAmaka racanA meM milatA hai| kavi sumati vallabha ke anusAra yahAM AsakaraNa, osavAla, caupar3A aura golachoM ke parivAra adhika the| isa vivecana se nAgaura janapada meM racita jaina sAhitya kI eka samRddha paramparA kA paricaya hotA hai / inakI racanAoM meM tad yugIna paristhitiyoM aura mAnyatAoM kA sajIva citraNa huA hai| bhaNDArI baMdhuoM kI racanAoM se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki uttara madhyakAla meM vRddhimAna rIti vivecaka graMthoM kA bhI nAgaura janapada meM nirmANa haa| yaha usa janapada kI rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko hI nahIM apitu samasta hindI kAvyazAstra kI bhI mahattI upalabdhi hai| 1. vahI, pR. 191-200, DhAla 1, cau. 1-2; DhAla 2, cau.51

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jaina-sAhitya meM agar3adatta kathA-paramparA evaM kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adattarAsa jaina-sAhitya meM agar3adatta se sambandhita kathA ko atyadhika mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / jaina samAja meM yaha kathA ati prAcIna kAla se pracalita rahI hai / jaina lekhakoM ne ise loka se grahaNa kiyA hai athavA kisI prAcIna sAhitya-kathA-cakra se, yaha usa samaya taka nizcaya kara pAnA duSkara kArya hai, jaba taka isake pramANa svarupa koI sUtra nahIM mile| jaina samAja meM isake pracAra kA sabase bar3A pramANa yahI hai ki ati prAcIna kAla se isa kathA ko AdhAra banAkara jaina vidvAnoM ne aneka AkhyAnoM aura kAvyoM kI racanA kii| kaI-eka graMthoM meM isa kathA ko dRSTAnta rupa meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta, prAkRta, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura anya aneka bhASAoM meM agar3adatta ko AdhAra mAnakara sAhitya racA gayA hai| yaha sAhitya gadya aura padya donoM rupoM meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hai| ukta bhASAoM meM likhita agar3adatta sambandhI sarvAdhika prAcIna rUpa kA nirdhAraNa to nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu sabase prAcIna rUpa jo aba taka prApta huA hai vaha hai pAMcavI zatAbdI meM saMghadAsa gaNi dvArA "racita vasudeva hiNDI kathA" evaM avAntara kathA rUpa meM isakA upavibhAga "dhammila hiNDI" / 2 AThavIM zatAbdI ke jinadAsa gaNi ne apanI "uttarAdhyayana cUrNikA" meM isakA prayoga dRSTAnta rUpa meM kiyA hai / isake pazcAt yahI kathA vAdi vetAla zAnti sUri kRta uttarAdhyayana kI prAkRta (pAiya) TIkA 1. zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, agar3adatta kathA aura tatsaMbaMdhI jaina sAhitya varadA, varSa 2, aMka 3, pR.2 DaoN. je. sI. jaina, prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya, pR. 115-163 2.

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jaina-sAhitya meM agar3adatta kathA-paramparA evaM kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adattarAsa 89 meM, saM. 1129 meM nemicanda racita uttarAdhyayana TIkA meM 328 prAkRta padyoM meM dI gaI hai| zrI vinayabhakti, sundara bhakti, sundaracaraNa granthamalA kI ora se saMskRta meM kisI ajJAta kavi kRta "agar3adatta-caritra" 334 zlokoM meM prakAzita huA hai / para, racanA-saMvat ke abhAva meM isakI prAcInatA kA anumAna nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| __ astu, isa kathA kI paramparA kA AraMbha 16 vIM zatAbdI meM likhita gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI bhASA ke agar3adatta-sambandhita kathA sAhitya se mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisakI avicchinna dhArA 18 vIM zatI ke anta taka abAdha gati se bahatI huI hameM spaSTa dikhAyI detI hai| agar3adatta sambandhI adyAvadhi prApta kAvyoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai agar3adattarAsa (saM.1584 ASADha vadI 14 zanivAra) bhImakRta 2. agar3adatta muni caupaI (saM.1601) sumati / / agar3adatta rAsa (saM. 1625 kA. su. 15 guruvAra)- kuzalalAbha / ' 4. agar3adatta prabandha (saM.1666) - zrI sundara / agar3adatta caupaI (saM.1670)-kSemakalaza / / 6 agar3adatta rAsa (ra.saM.1679) - lalita kIrti / / agar3adatta rAsa (ra.saM. 1685) - sthAna sAgara / ' agar3adatta rAsa (apUrNa, vi.saM.17 vIM zatAbdI)- guNavinaya / 8 9. agar3adatta caupaI (ra.sa. 1703) - puNya-nidhAna / 10. agar3adatta rAsa-kalyANa sAgara / 10 11. agar3adatta RSi caupaI (ra.saM. 1787) - zAnti saubhAgya / 11 12. agar3adatta rAsa (apUrNa)12 1. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, ha. li. graM.27233 2. vahI, graMthAMka 1124 3. (ka) bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA mandira, pUnA, ha. li. yaM.605 (kha) prAcyavidyA mandira, bar3audA, ha. li. graM. 14289 4-12.varadA, varSa 12, aMka 3, pR.2

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90 . rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya inameM se kuzalalAbha dvArA racita "agar3adatta rAsa" kI saMkSipta kathA yahAM prastuta kI jAtI hai-basantapura meM rAjA bhImasena rAja karatA thaa| usakI paTarAnI kA nAma somasundarI thA / sUrasena nAma kA usakA eka balazAlI sAmanta thA, jisake agar3adatta nAma kA eka rUpavAna putra thaa| sUrasena kI khyAti sunakara eka subhaTa vahAM aayaa| rAjA kI anumati se subhaTa aura sUrasena meM yuddha huA, jisameM sUrasena mArA gyaa| rAjA ne subhaTa ko apanA senApati banAyA aura usakA nAma abhaMgasena rkhaa| pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt agar3adatta kI mAtA ne atyanta duHkhI avasthA meM usakA pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| pati kI icchAnusAra usa putra ko ATha varSa kI Ayu meM campApurI ke brAhmaNa somadatta ke pAsa adhyayana ke lie bheja diyaa| campApurI pahuMcakara agar3adatta ne somadatta ko sArA vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| somadatta ne usakI vyavasthA eka vyavahArI ke ghara kara dii| agar3adatta zikSA grahaNa karane lgaa| eka dina vATikA ke pAsa gavAkSa meM baiThI vyavahArI kI rupavAna kanyA madanamaMjarI ko agar3adatta ne dekhA / kuMvara agar3adatta eka dina vATikA meM so rahA thA tabhI madanamaMjarI gavAkSa se vRkSa kI DAliyoM para hotI huI usake pAsa AI aura apanA praNaya nivedana kiyaa| madanamaMjarI ke Agraha para usane usakA ThIka se adhyayana parIkSaNa kara usake sAtha vivAha karane kA use vacana diyaa| somadatta isa ghaTanA se paricita thaa| agar3adatta ne adhyayana ke uparAnta apane ghara lauTane kI AjJA mAMgI / guru kuMvara agar3adatta kA madanamaMjarI se vivAha kA prastAva lekara rAjA ke pAsa phuNcaa| paricaya prApta karake rAjA ne use sammAna diyaa| isI samaya coroM ke utpAta se bhayabhIta nagara ke mahAjanoM ne rAjA se apanA dukha-darda sunaayaa| rAjA ne coroM ko pakar3ane ke lie bIr3A phirAyA aura cora ko pakar3akara lAne vAle ko savA lAkha rupaye kA puraskAra bhI dene kI ghoSaNA kii| agar3adatta ne bIr3A jhela liyA tathA sAta dina meM cora ko pakar3akara lAne kA vacana diyaa| vezyAoM, juAriyoM Adi ke sthAnoM para cora kI khoja meM usane chaha dina bitA diye para cora nahIM milA / sAtaveM dina ciMtitamanA vaha eka vRkSa ke nIce baiThA thA, tabhI usane eka yogI ko jAte hue dekhaa| yogI kI pRcchA para usane batAyA ki vaha eka juArI hai aura sArA dhana jue meM hAra cukA hai| ataH vaha corI karane ko nikalA hai| uttara sunakara yogI ne use apane sAtha le liyaa| kuMvara ne bhI anumAna lagA liyA ki yahI cora hai, ataH vaha usake nirdezAnusAra hI kArya karane lgaa|

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jaina-sAhitya meM agar3adatta kathA-paramparA evaM kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adattarAsa 91 yogI veza badala kara agar3adatta ke sAtha corI karane nikalA aura sAgarasevI nAma ke vyApArI ke ghara seMdha ddaalii| seMdha DAla kara lauTane para yogI (cora) ne kuMvara ko soye hue aneka majadUroM ke bIca vizrAma karane ke lie bheja diyaa| thor3I dera bAda yogI bhI vahAM pahuMcA aura soye hue majadUroM ko apanI talavAra se mauta ke ghATa utArane lgaa| yogI ke AcaraNa ko dekhakara kuMvara ne usa para prahAra kiyaa| marate samaya yogI ne usase kahA ki vaha usakI talavAra sAmane vAle parvata para khar3e pIpala ke vRkSa meM raha rahI usakI bahina vIramatI ko de de aura usase vivAha karale / bahina kI yaha pratIjJA thI ki jo usake bhAI kA vadha karegA, usI ke sAtha vaha vivAha kregii| agar3adatta pIpala ke vRkSa kI ora gyaa| usane vahAM guphA meM vIramatI se bheMTa kii| apane bhAI kI hatyA kA badalA lene kI dRSTi se agar3adatta ko palaMga para baiThAkara vaha Upara calI gii| agar3adatta triyA caritra se paricita thA, ataH vaha eka ora haTa gayA / vIramatI ne Upara se eka zilA girA dI / para jaba vaha nIce AI to agar3adatta ko jIvita pAkara staMbhita raha gii| usane punaH agar3adatta para talavAra se vAra kiyA, para kuMvara phira bhI surakSita hI rahA / vIramatI aura usake khajAne ko lekara vaha rAjA ke pAsa aayaa| rAjA ne madanamaMjarI ke sAtha usakA vivAha kara diyA / kuMvara agar3adatta madanamaMjarI ko sAtha lekara vasantapura kI ora claa| gokula nAmaka sthAna para use kucha logoM ne batAyA ki vaha mArga bhUla gayA hai / jisa mArga se vaha jA rahA hai usa para use nadI, keharI, siMha, sarpa aura cora, ina cAra saMkaToM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'egaa| madanamaMjarI ke manA karane para bhI vaha usI mArga para bar3hatA rahA aura mArga meM use ukta saMkaToM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| kaThinAiyoM ko pAra kara vasantapura pahuMcane para usake parivAra ne usakA svAgata kiyaa| abhaMgasena ko usane eka sarovara ke samIpa svAgatArtha AmaMtrita kara dvandvayuddha meM mauta ke ghATa utAra diyaa| mAtA-pitA ko vidA kara kuMvara agar3adatta madanamaMjarI ke sAtha sarovara para hI ruka gyaa| madanamaMjarI ko agar3adatta kI anupasthiti meM para-puruSa se saMbhoga karate dekha kara AkAza mArga meM vihAra karatA eka vidyAdhara vahAM utara AyA aura use mArane ko tatpara huaa| isI bIca eka sAMpa ne madanamaMjarI ko Dasa liyaa| agar3adatta ko jaba usakI mRtyu kA patA calA to vaha vilApa karatA huA

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92 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya patnI ko lekara usake sAtha agni-praveza karane lgaa| vidyAdhara ne nArI ke lie marane ko vyartha batAyA, para agar3adatta ne ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA, apitu vidyAdhara se use jIvita kara dene kI prArthanA karane lgaa| vidyAdhara ne maMtraprayoga kara madanamaMjarI ko panarjIvita kiyaa| tatpazcAt madanamaMjarI ke parapuruSa ke sAtha saMbhoga kI samasta AMkhoM dekhI ghaTanA kumAra ko sunA dii| kumAra ne vidyAdhara ko navasarahAra bheMTa kara vidA kiyaa| vidyAdhara ke jAne ke bAda madanamaMjarI ne kuMvara ke samIpa ke dehare meM calakara vizrAma karane kA nivedana kiyaa| dehare meM pahuMcakara madanamaMjarI ne vahAM use prakAza karane ke lie khaa| agar3adatta Aga kI khoja meM niklaa| isI avadhi meM kuMvarI kI bheMTa tIna coroM se huii| paricayoparAnta madanamaMjarI ne unase apane pati kI hatyA karake use apane sAtha le calane kA Agraha kiyA / sazaMkita coroM ne pahale to inkAra kiyA para bAda me unhoMne svIkRti de dI / madanamaMjarI ne coroM ke dIpaka ko prajvalita kiyaa| agar3adatta ke lauTane para dehare meM prakAza dekhakara madanamaMjarI se usake viSaya meM pUchatAcha kI ! madanamaMjarI ne use kuMvara dvArA lAI gaI Aga kA pratibimba kaha kara usake saMdeha ko dUra kiyA / kumAra ne apanA khar3aga use diyA aura svayaM agni prajvalita karane lgaa| madanamaMjarI ne usakA vadha karane ke liye usa para khar3aga prahAra kiyA, para khaDga dUra jA girA / kumAra kI pRcch| para usane uttara diyA ki usane khaDga ko ulTA pakar3a liyA thA, ataH vaha gira gyaa| ___ cora isa ghaTanA ko dekhakara bahuta bhayabhIta hue| ve socane lage ki saMsAra svArthI hai| patnI bhI svArthavaza apane pati kI hatyA kara sakatI hai / isa dRzya se prApta satya ne unheM virAgI banA diyaa| ve cale gye| mArga meM unheM eka muni milaa| unhoMne usase dIkSA lii| agar3adatta patnI sahita ghara pahuMcA aura putravAna huA / eka dina agar3adatta apane pradhAna ke sAtha ghUmatA huA usa sthAna para pahuMcA, jahAM bhujaMgama nAmaka cora sAthI coroM sahita tapasyA kara rahA thA ! agar3adata ne unake vairAgya kA kAraNa pUchA to usane batAyA ki yaha agar3adatta kA upakAra hai / agar3adatta ne usa agar3adatta kA paricaya pUchA to cora ne madanamaMjarI ke durAcaraNa, para-puruSa ke sAtha saMbhoga evaM dehare meM ghaTita sArI kahAnI use sunA dii| yati cora se apanI hI kahAnI sunakara kuMvara dukhI huaa| usane samajha liyA ki triyA caritra atyanta kuTila hai| usa para vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isake

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jaina-sAhitya meM agar3adatta kathA-paramparA evaM kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adattarAsa 93 pazcAt agar3adatta bhI bhujaMgama cora ke pAsa dIkSita huA aura navam gavAkSa ko prApta kara zivapurI phuNcaa| isa prakAra kuzalalAbha kRta "agar3adatta rAsa" prAkRta-bhASA meM likhita "agar3adatta carita aura 16 vIM zatAbdI meM racita bhImakRta agar3adatta rAsa kI hI paramparA meM vikasita rUpa hai / ataH isakI tulanA vasudeva hiNDI, nemicandra racita uttarAdhyayana TIkA, bhImakRta "agar3adatta rAsa" tathA sumati ke agar3adatta muni caupaI Adi pUrvavartI kRtiyoM meM varNita kathAoM se nimnalikhita binduoM ke antargata kI jA sakatI haiN| 1. agar3adatta kA paricaya kuzalalAbha ne svaracita rAsa meM agar3adatta ko basantapura ke senApati zUrasena kA putra kahA hai| jabaki vAsudeva hiNDI meM vaha ujjayinI ke amodharatha sArathI kA putra kahA gayA hai / nemicanda aura sumati kramazaH zaMkhapura ke rAjA sundara athavA surasundara kA putra ghoSita karate haiM, to bhImakRta agar3adatta rAsa meM vaha campAnagarI ke rAjA vIrasena kA putra kahA gayA hai / vasudevahiNDI, sumatikRta agar3adatta muni caupaI aura kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adatta rAsa meM usakI mAtA ke viSaya meM kahIM kucha bhI nahIM kahA gayA hai, jabaki nemicanda usakI mAtA kA nAma sulasA detA hai aura bhIma vIramatI / / 1. basantapura senApati jeha, sUrasena naMda naMdana eka / 1 cau.44 - bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA maMdira, pUnA, graM.605 2. DaoN.je. sI. jaina prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya, pR.13, 169 3. vahI, pR. 170 4. saMSapurI nagarI chaI kisii| tiNI nayarI surasundara rAI / agar3adatta tasu dIdhau nAma // cau. 9-11 // -rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, graM.1124 5. bharathaSetra mahIyali mANiyai, caMpAvaha nagarI jaanniiyh| vIrasena nAmaI balavaMta, rAjA rAja karai jayavaMta // 29 // dIuDa bAlaka ati abhirAma, agar3adatta tasu dIdhau nAma // 32 / / -rAja. prA. vi.pra., jodhapura, graM. 27233 6. DaoN. je. sI. jaina - prAkRta jaina sAhitya, pR. 13 7. bIramati dharirANI isI, rUpii raMjAve Darivasi // 24 / / / --rA. prA. vi.pra., jodhapura, graM.27233, cau.41-43

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94 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 2. agar3adatta kI zikSA kuzalalAbha ke anusAra apane pati kI mRtyu ke uparAnta rAjya meM apanA anAdara hotA dekha agar3adatta kI mAtA apane putra ko vidyAdhyayana ke liye apane svargIya pati kI icchAnusAra unake mitra upAdhyAya somadatta ke pAsa campApura bhejatI haiN| yahI vRtAMta "vasudeva hiNDI" meM varNita hai, kintu yahAM sthAna kA nAma kauzAmbI tathA guru kA nAma AcArya dRr3ha praharI diyA gayA hai / isake viparIta uttarAdhyayana vRtti, bhImakRta "agar3adatta rAsa"4 tathA sumati dvArA racita agar3adatta muni caupaI meM yaha prasaMga itara rupa meM prastuta huA hai / ina "kathA" rUpoM meM nagaravAsiyoM dvArA agar3adatta para vyabhicAritA kA lAMchana lagAyA jAtA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa rAjA use deza nikAlA detA hai aura vaha ujjaina athavA banArasa pahuMcakara guru se zikSA grahaNa karatA hai| 3. madanamaMjarI kA praNaya-nivedana kuzalalAbha Adi kaviyoM ne madanamaMjarI ke agar3adatta ke prati Asakti evaM praNaya nivedana kA kAraNa usake pati kA videza-gamana kahA hai| kintu bhImakRta 'agar3adattarAsa' meM isakA kAraNa usake pati kA kubar3A honA varNita hai / isa atRpta vAsanAvaza vaha agar3adatta para gavAkSa se kaMkara mArA karatI hai| 4. madanamaMjarI aura usake pitA ke nAma agar3adatta se praNaya nivedana karane vAlI nAyikA ke nAma aura usake kula tathA pitA ke nAma ke viSaya meM bhI ina kathArUpoM meM antara dikhAI detA hai| kuzalalAbha ke "agar3adatta rAsa" meM nAyikA kA nAma madanamaMjarI hai aura pitA kA nAma sAgaraseTha / / 'vasudeva hiNDI' meM isakA nAma sAmadattA 1. bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA maMdira, pUnA, graM.605, cau. 25-27 2. DaoN. je. sI. jaina - prAcIna jaina kathA-sAhitya, pR. 13 3. vahI, pR.170 4. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura,graM.27233, cau.41-43 5. vahI,graMthAMka 1124, cau. 15-18 6. vahI, graMthAMka 27233, cau. 101-105 7. iNi avasari bAr3I nai pAsi,sAgara seThI tavADa AvAsa / / 36 / / sAhamai gauSi seThi kuMarI tehanauM nAma madanamaMjarI // 37 / / -bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA maMdira, graM.605

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jaina-sAhitya meM agar3adatta kathA-paramparA evaM kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adattarAsa 95 aura pitA kA nAma gRhapati yajJadatta varNita hai, jabaki bhIma ne nAyikA kA nAma viSayA dekara use vinayasAgara rAjA ke pradhAna matisAgara kI putrI kahA hai / 2 sumati ne isa nAyikA kA nAma trilocanA diyA hai aura usake pitA kA nAma baMdhudatta / 5. agar3adatta kA vivAha __ agar3adatta dvArA cora kI khoja evaM madamasta hAthI ko apane vaza meM kara lene ke pazcAt prAyaH sabhI rUpAntaroM meM rAjA kI putrI kA vivAha agar3adatta ke sAtha honA varNita hai| kintu kuzalalAbha ne isa vivAha ke pazcAt madanamaMjarI kI dhAya ko agar3adatta ke pAsa bhijavAkara use madanamaMjarIke sAtha vivAha kA smaraNa bhI karavAyA hai| kazalalAbha ne rAjA kI putrI ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, para nemicanda aura sumati ne putrI kA nAma kramazaH kamalasenA tathA kanakasundarI diyA hai| 'uttarAdhyayana vRtti' meM varNita agar3adatta kI kathA, sumati dvArA viracita agar3adatta rAsa kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adattarAsa meM vIramatI bhujaMgama cora kI bahana kA nAma hai| 6. abhaMgasena kA vadha kuzalalAbha ne "agar3adatta rAsa" meM campAnagarI se lauTate hue mArga kI anya kaThinAiyoM ke sAtha agar3adatta dvArA usake pitA ke hatyAre abhaMgasena (subhaTa) ke vadha kA ullekha kiyA hai / 10 yaha prasaMga anya kathArUpoM meM nahIM milatA / 1. DaoN. ke. sI. jaina - prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya, pR.3 2. rA.prA. vi. pra, jodhapura graM.27233, agar3adatta rAsa 3. puhatau vanaha maMjhAri, dIThI raMbha trilocanA // 22 / / vaMdhudatta vivahArIu, te mAharau lAta / / 25 / / -rA. prA. vi.pra., jodhapura, graM. 1124 (agar3adatta muni caupaI) 4. bhaNDArakara prA. vi. maMdira, pUnA, graM.605, cau. 135-136 5. DaoN. ke. sI. jaina, prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya, pR. 170, (utta. vRtti) 6. rA.prA. vi.pra., jodhapura, graM.1124 7. DaoN. ke. sI. jaina, prAkRta jaina kathA - sAhitya, pR. 170 8. rA. prA. vi. pra., jodhapura, graM.1124, cau.50 9. bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA maMdira, pUnA, yaM.605, cau.94 10. vahI, cau.235, 237

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96 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 7. vidyAdhara-madanamaMjarI prasaMga ___ kuzalalAbha ne svakRta "agar3adatta rAsa" meM basantapura kI sImA para madanamaMjarI ko para-puruSa ke sAtha ramaNa karate hue batAyA hai, jise dekhakara AkAza meM ur3atA huA vidyAdhara usakI hatyA karane kI socatA hai| kintu tabhI madanamaMjarI ko sarpa Dasa letA hai aura agar3adatta bhI usake sAtha vilApa karane lagatA hai| agar3adatta ke karuNArdra nivedana para vidyAdhara madanamaMjarI ko punarjIvita karake nArI AcaraNa kA saMketa karatA hai / vasudeva hiNDI aura uttarAdhyayana vRtti meM varNita kathAoM meM vidyAdharayugala kA ullekha hai to bhIma ke agar3adana rAsa meM eka hI vidyAdhara kA ullekha hai, jo agar3adatta ko sayala rAjA aura kAmuka moha ke dRSTAnta se pratibodhita karatA hai / isa prakAra kuzalalAbha ne nArI jAti kI kuTilatA ko mAnava jAti ke mAdhyama se hI spaSTa kiyA hai, jabaki bhIma ne isa pravRtti ko jantu-samAja meM bhI vyApta batAkara isakA sAmAnyIkaraNa kiyA hai| 8. agar3adatta kA dIkSita honA kuzalalAbha dvArA varNita kathA meM agar3adatta devasthAna meM mile coroM ke nAyaka se apanA caritra sunakara saMsAra kI asAratA kA jJAna prApta kara dIkSita hotA hai, jabaki vasudeva hiNDI meM agar3adatta dIkSita hokara apane caritra kA svayaM udghATana karatA hai / 1. teha taNI nArI chahajeha, anya puruSa siDa lubadhI teha / te vidyAdhari jANI bAta, karavA mAMDiu nArI ghAta / / -bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA maMdira, pUnA, graM.605 2. vahI, cau. 257-259 3. DaoN. je. sI. jaina, prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya, pR. 169 4. vahI, pR. 170 valIya vidyAdhara bhaNaI, tU sAMbhalI bhuupaal| kahu kathA kAmiNI taNI, suSi sundara suvisAla // 350 / / pAchali eka rAjA hatau sayala hatau tasa nAma / rAjA rudhi hotI ghaNI,karai rAja abhirAma / / 351 / / gora sarpanaha sApiNI,krIr3A karai mani rNgi| te deSI nRpa vitavaha, hIyar3a karaha vicAra / sApiNI para narasyuM ramai dhiga-dhiga e saMsAra / / 352 // --rAja.prA. vi.pra.,jodhapura, graM.27233

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jaina-sAhitya meM agar3adatta kathA-paramparA evaM kuzalalAbha kRta agar3adattarAsa 97 nemicanda-viracita "uttarAdhyayana vRtti" meM kavi ne agar3adatta ko dIkSA dene vAle RSi kA nAma cAraNa RSi diyA hai / / 9. zilpa vidhAna bhIma kA agar3adatta rAsa pAMca khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai, jinameM kula 480 chaMda (dUhA-caupaI) hai / kuzalalAbha ne aisA zilpa grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai| usane to anya pUrvavartI kaviyoM ke zilpa ko hI apanAyA hai| sAtha hI usane vasudeva-hiNDI, bhIma, sumati Adi kI bhAMti kAvya meM vistRta prAkRtika varNanoM evaM nakha-sikha-varNana ko bhI mahatva nahIM diyA hai| usane sarasvatI kI AraMbha meM vaMdanA to kI hai para dhArmika dRSTi kA hI usameM AcaraNa hai / ukta adhyayana ke uparAnta hama kuzalalAbha kI agar3adatta kathA meM anya pUrvavartI kathAoM ke sAtha nimnalikhita sAmya evaM vaiSamya kA anubhava karate haiMsAmya1. agar3adatta rUpavAna nAyaka hai, jisa para pratyeka nArI Asakta hai ! upAdhyAya (guru) ne use mAtA-pitA kI AjJA-pAlana kA AcaraNa diyaa| 3. parivrAjaka cora kA patA sAta dinoM meM lagA lAne tathA madamasta hAthI ko vaza meM karane kA bIr3A agar3adatta hI uThAtA hai| chaha dina taka bhaTakane ke uparAnta sAtaveM dina parivrAjaka rUpa meM cora ko vaha DhUMDha letA hai aura usako mArakara rAjA ke samakSa upasthita hotA hai / rAjA ukta donoM sAhasika kAryoM ke badale agar3adatta kA vivAha apanI putrI se karatA hai| mArga kI kaThinAiyAM evaM una para agar3adatta kI vijaya prApti / vidyAdhara dvArA nAyikA ko jIvita karanA tathA nArI kI kuTilatA kA agar3adatta ko pratibodha kraanaa| devasthala para coroM ke sAtha nAyikA kA praNaya evaM agar3adatta para khaDga-prahAra tathA coroM kA dIkSita honA / 9. ramaNoparAnta agar3adatta kA dIkSita honA / 1. DaoN. je. sI. jaina - prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya, pR. 169-170

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 1. agar3adatta kA pradeza-gamana / 2. madanamaMjarI evaM agar3adatta ke vivAha kA prasaMga / 3. aTavI meM bhujaMgama cora ko mArakara punaH campAnagarI ko nahIM lauTanA / 4. apane pitA ke hatyAre abhaMgasena (subhaTa) kA vadha / bhImasena dvArA agar3adatta ko punaH vasantapura bulavAnA / nagara kI sImA para mAtA-pitA dvArA usakA svAgata karanA / madanamaMjarI ke sAtha agaDadatta kA mArga meM hI ruka jaanaa| 6. nAyikA evaM sarasvatI kA nakha-sikha varNana / 7. pAtroM evaM sthAnoM ke nAmoM kA antara / sUkSma dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to nAmoM kA yaha antara vibhinna kathA-racayitAoM ke buddhi-kozala kA camatkAra pradarzana mAtra hai| dhanaMjaya kA artha hI bhujaMgama hotA hai aura anya artha arjuna bhI / ataH dhanaMjaya, bhujaMgama athavA arjuna nAmoM meM koI antara nhiiN| kevala pAThakoM (zrotAoM) ko samajhAne mAtra ke liye aisA kiyA gayA hai / madanamaMjarI, viSaya aura vIramatI bhI eka hI artha ke bodhaka nAma haiN|

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10 vAcaka kuzalalAbha kA jaina sAhitya ko yogadAna jaina sAhitya kI prAyaH sabhI zailiyoM ko grahaNa kara vartamAna hindI sAhitya samRddha huA hai| hemacandrAcArya (abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi) svayaMbhU (pauma cariu, riTThaNemi cariu, svayaMbhU chaMda), devasena (zrAvakAcAra), zAlibhadra (bharatezvara bAhubalI rAsa), Asagu (candanabAlA rAsa), jinadharma sUri (revataMgIri rAsa), sumati gaNi (neminAtha rAsa), udayavaMta (gautamarAsA), viddhaNa (jJAnapaMcamI caupaI), dayAsAgara sUri (dharmadatta carita), Izvara sUri (lalitAMga carita), ThakarasI (kRpaNa caritra), vidyAbhUSaNa sUri (bhaviSyadatta rAsa), rAyamala (hanumanta caritra), jinadAsa (jambUcaritra), kalyANadeva (devarAja baccharAja caupaI), nanda (yazodhara carita), karmacaMda (mRgAvatI caupaI), khuzAlacanda (harivaMza purANa), bhUdharadAsa (pArzvapurANa, jainazataka), banArasIdAsa (arddhakathAnaka, nAmamAlA), bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa (caitanakarma carita, madhubinduka caupaI) Adi jaina sAhitya kI pramukha maNiyAM hai| ina manISiyoM ne jahAM sundara carita kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyA vahIM zreSTha zAstrIya evaM loka-DhAloM para AdhArita gItiyoM kA bhI sRjana kiyaa| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki hindI sAhitya jaina sAhitya kA hI suphala hai| __ jaina sAhitya kI inhIM kAvyazailiyoM ko pariSkRta aura pallavita karane vAlA eka avismaraNIya nAma hai-vAcaka kuzalalAbha kaa| kuzalalAbha ne apane jIvana kAla meM mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA caupaI (vi.saM. 1616), DholA-mAravaNI caupaI (vi.saM.1617), jinapAlita jinarakSita, saMdhigAthA (vi.saM. 1621), tejasAra rAsa caupAI (vi.saM.1624), agar3adattarAsa (vi.saM.1625), pArzvanAtha dazabhava stavana (vi.saM. 1621), 1. koSThaka meM sambandhita kaviyoM kI mAtra bahucarcita racanAoM kA hI nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai|

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100 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya piMgala ziromaNi (vi.saM. 1635), stambhana pArzvanAtha stanava(vi.saM. 1638), zrIpUjyavAhaNa gIta (lipikAla vi.saM. 1647), gaur3I pArzvanAtha chanda, navakAra chaMda, mahAmAI durgA sAtasI, jagadambA chanda athavA bhavAnI chaMda (lipikAla vi.saM. 1734), sthUlibhadra, chattIsI, sphuTa kavitta, bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI (vi.saM. 1643), zatrujaya yAtrA stavana (vi.saM. 1644), guNasundarI caupaI (?) Adi choTI-bar3I aTThAraha racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA / inake atirikta haMsadUta evaM jJAnadIpa nAmaka do racanAoM kI apane adhyayana ke liye pratilipiyAM kii| ina sabhI racanAoM ke AdhAra para kuzalalAbha kA janma kharataragaccha vaMza meM vikrama saMvat 1590-95 ke lagabhaga tathA mRtyu vi.saM. 1655 ke AsapAsa kuMtI jA sakatI hai| Apake guru kA nAma upAdhyAya abhayadharma thA / jaisalamera (rAjasthAna) ke bhATI vaMzIya rAvala hararAja Apake AzrayadAtA evaM ziSya the / kavi ne apane vyApaka jJAna dvArA apane sAhitya ko rocakatA aura vividhatA se saMvArA hai| kuzalalAbha se pUrva ke prAyaH sabhI jaina kavi parivrAjaka evaM bhakta haiM, para Alocya kavi ina donoM hI pravRttiyoM kA anubhavI hai / mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA caupaI, DholA-gAravaNI caupaI aura piMgalaziromaNi graMthoM kI racanA usane mAtra apane AzrayadAtA ke kutUhalArtha hI likhI, jabaki anya premAkhyAnoM evaM stotroM kI racanA usane svataMtra rUpa se kI / kavi ke ina donoM anubhavoM se usameM sAhityika ImAnadArI kA prAdurbhAva huA hai| usameM kliSTatA kI apekSA sahajatA aura saralatatA kA anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne vividha viSayoM para likhA / vyAkaraNa, chanda vivecana evaM carita kAvya inameM pramukha haiN| kuzalalAbha ne "piMgalaziromaNi" meM sarvaprathama eka sAtha koSa evaM kAvyazAstrIya vivecana prastuta kiyaa| "piMgalaziromaNi meM vivecita prastAra vidhi varNana, gIta-prakaraNa tathA alaMkAra vivecana kuzalalAbha kI mahatI upalabdhi hai / sampUrNa graMtha meM kavi ne 104 chandoM, jinameM 23 prakAra ke dUhoM, 26 prakAra kI gAthAoM, 72 prakAra ke chappayoM, 75 alaMkAroM tathA 40 prakAra ke gItoM (DiMgala-rAjasthAnI kA chaMda vizeSa) kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai| "uDiMgala-nAmamAlA" prakaraNa meM kavi ne cAlIsa zabdoM ke tIna sau cAlIsa paryAya diye haiN| isa prakAra kuzalalAbha kRta piMgala ziromaNi kA na kevala jaina sAhitya meM hI apit hindI-rIti-paramparA evaM anekArtha koza paramparA meM bhI mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai| rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM to yaha 1. kAmA (bharatapura) ke mahArAja ke nijI saMgrahAlaya meM yaha prati upalabdha hai tathA abhaya jaina graMthAlaya bIkAnera meM isakI pratilipi surakSita hai|

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vAcaka kuzalalAbha kA jaina sAhitya ko yogadAna 101 isa paramparA kA prathama graMtha hai| kazalalAbha kI ukta varNita racanAoM ko mukhya rUpa se ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai--(1) premAkhyAnaka racanAeM, (2) jaina bhakti sambandhI racanAeM, (3) paurANika sAhitya aura, (4) rIti sambandhI racanA / ina sabhI vargoM kI racanAoM ke zilpa kI apanI vizeSatAeM haiN| adhikAMza premAkhyAnaka racanAoM meM adhikArika kathA kA AraMbha prAyaH kisI niHsaMtAna rAjA athavA purohita dvArA saMtAna prApti ke prayatna varNana se huA hai| devI-devatA athavA anya pavitra sthala kI "jAta" dene para usa rAjA ke yahAM putra yA putrI kA janma huA hai / yuvA hone para kisI aparAdha meM apane pitA se kahA sunI hone para yA rAjAjJA se nAyaka ko ghara chor3anA par3A hai| isI niSkAsana se nAyaka ke vaiziSTya dvArA kavi ne ina racanAoM meM prematatva ko ubhArA hai| ___kuzalalAbha ne anya samakAlIna jaina kaviyoM kI tulanA meM nAyaka-nAyikAoM meM prema kA AraMbha pratyakSadarzana aura rUpa-gaNa-zravaNa dvArA karAyA hai| nAyaka-nAyikA meM premoddIpana evaM unake saMyoga meM totA, maMtrIputra, bhATa, khavAsa, sakhiyAM sahAyaka hae haiN| nAyikA kI prApti ke pazcAt jaba nAyaka punaH apane nivAsa ko lauTatA hai to mArga meM usakA pratinAyaka ke sAtha yuddha dikhalAyA hai, jisameM nAyaka vijayI hokara jaise hI Age bar3hatA hai nAyikA kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai / isake pazcAt nAyikA ko punarjIvana yogI-yoginI2 athavA vidyAdharoM dvArA diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke kathA-saMyojana se kuzalalAbha ne jaina kathA-sAhitya ko sughara zilpa pradAna kiyA hai| jaina kathAnaka sambandhI racanAoM meM nAyaka ke svadeza lauTane para kisI guru ne use dIkSita kiyA hai| taduparAnta nAyaka apane bar3e putra ko rAjya sauMpa kara saMnyAsI banate citrita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jainetara racanAoM meM sukhamaya pArivArika jIvana ke sAtha kathA kA anta kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra kuzalalAbha madhyakAla kA aisA jaina kavi hai jo rAjyAzrita thaa| usane jaina aura jainetara viSayoM para racanAeM kI, kintu usane mAtra jaina-dharma ko hI sthApita karane kI ceSTA nahIM kii| usane jana-bhAvanAoM evaM tatkAlIna pariveza ko bhI pahacAnA aura unakA sUkSmatA ke sAtha nirUpaNa bhI 1. DholA mAravaNI caupaI, agar3adatta rAsa, bhImasena haMsarAja caupii| 2. DholA mAravaNI caupaI aura bhImasena haMsarAja caupii| 3. agar3adatta rAsa, tejasAra sasa, bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI /

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102 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kiyaa| usa yuga ke samAja meM pracalita alaukika zaktiyoM ke prati AsthA, jyotiSiyoM kI bhaviSya-vANiyoM meM janatA kI zraddhA, svapnaphala aura 'zakuna' ke prati AsthAoM ko kavi ne atyanta sarasa aura kAvyAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| tatkAlIna jana-samAja meM pracalita pUrva karma ke prati zraddhA kA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai-- paile bhava pApa meM kiyA, to tujha biNa itarA dina gayA / bAta kare, bASANa, jIvana janma Aja supramANa || - DholA mAravaNI caupaI, cau. 557 jaina kaviyo kA mUla lakSya zama kI prApti karanA hai / kAraNa, ye kavi pahale zrAvaka aura dharmapracAraka haiM, taduparAnta sAhityakAra / dhArmika upadezoM ke sAtha sAhityikatA kA Agama to jaina sAhitya kI eka sahaja ghaTanA hai| phira bhI jaina sAhitya ko Adyanta zAnta rasa pradhAna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / pratyeka racanA kA AraMbha zRMgAra kI sUkSma pravRttiyoM se huA hai / zRMgAra ke mAdhyama se vairAgya kA upadeza hI ina racanAoM meM diyA gayA hai / kuzalalAbha kI sthUlibhadra chattIsI, jinapAlita jinarakSita saMdhigAthA, agar3adatta rAsa, bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI Adi racanAo meM varNita zRMgAra jaina sAhitya meM zRMgAra rasa citraNa kA eka nayA AyAma hai raMbha gAbha jisI juga jaMgha, udita bilva sama uraja uttaMga | adhara pakva biMbA aNuhAri, kira pUtalI citra AkAra / - bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI, cau. 134 kuzalalAbha 'jaina dharmAvalambI hote hue bhI apane sAhitya meM bhayAnaka, vIra, raudra, vIbhatsa rasoM ko bhI yathA- prasaMga sthAna diyA hai| jinapAlita jinarakSita saMdhi gAthA se bhayAnaka rasa sambandhI nimnalikhita paMktiyAM draSTavya haiM-- sIhaNi nIyari Usasaha jI, kari jaba kai karavAla / AvI puruSAM Usarai jI, rupa kIyau vikarAla || X X X ve bolai bIhatA jI, sAmiNI amha sAdhAri / kahyau tumhArau kIjasI jI, amha jIvatAM ugAri // jaina sAhitya kI bhASA prAkRta, apabhraMza aura prAcIna rAjasthAnI athavA jUnI gujarAtI rahI hai / inhIM bhASAoM meM unhoMne vibhinna viSayoM para sAhitya likhA / kuzalalAbha pazcimI rAjasthAna ke pramukha jaina evaM sAmantIya saMskRti vAle nagara

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vAcaka kuzalalAbha kA jaina sAhitya ko yogadAna 103 jaisalamera kA nivAsI thA / usake sAhitya meM yoM to jaina racayitAoM kI sabhI bhASAoM kA puTa milatA hai, kintu mukhya rUpa se kuzalalAbha kI racanAoM ko bhASA kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai- (1) zuddha DiMgala yA rAjasthAnI kI racanAeM jaise--mahAmAI durgAsAtasI, jagadambA chanda athavA bhavAnI chaMda tathA piMgalaziromaNi aura, (2) jUnI gujarAtI athavA prAcIna rAjasthAnI kI racanAeM / isa varga meM ukta tIna racanAoM ke atirikta zeSa racanAoM ko samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai / inameM yathA-prasaMga prAkRta kI gAthAoM, saMskRta ke zloka, chaMda Adi zAstrIya baMdhoM tathA loka pracalita DhAloM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra jaina sAhitya meM kuzalalAbha kI viziSTatA hai viSayAnukUla bhASA kA pryog| jaba vaha raudra rasa se samanvita bhAvanA ko prakaTa karatA hai to likhatA hai "kAlikA dUja brahma maMDa kIdhA, rohira bhaSaNa jogviiridhaa| gar3amar3ai siMdhu pUraMti grAha, arihI deva ari dalaNa Aha / / zRMgAra ke kSetra meM yahI zabdAvalI itanI adhika madhura bana jAtI hai ki use par3hane mAtra se romAMca hone lagatA hai Avyo mAsa asAr3ha jhabUke dAminI re, jovai jovai prIyar3A vATa sakomala kAminI re / cAtaka madhurai sAdiki prIu prIu ucarai re varasai ghaNa barasAla sajala saravara jharai re / / (pUjyavAhaNa gIta, gAthA 61) jaina carita kAvyoM meM prayukta bhASA ne kavi kuzalalAbha ko lokapriyatA dI hai| "piMgalaziromaNi" kavi kI eka zAstrIya racanA hai, ataH usameM kavi ke pANDitya kA pUrNa paraciya milegaa| isa prakAra kuzalalAbha eka sAMskRtika pradeza rAjasthAna kI sAmAsika saMskRti kA kavi thA, jisane apanI bahujJatA dvArA sAhitya ko saMkucita maryAdAoM taka hI sImita nahIM rakhA, balki use yugAnurUpa janarUci ke anusAra jainetara viSayoM ko bhI apanI racanAoM kA AdhAra banAyA tathA ina viSayoM se jaina dharma aura saMskRti ko anya jaina racanAkAroM kI tulanA meM vyApaka phalaka pradAna kiyaa| dhArmikatA kI apekSA sAhityika mArmikatA evaM zAstrIyatA se use saMvArA / inhIM saba kAraNoM se jaina sAhitya

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104 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya meM upAdhyAya abhayadharma ke ziSya vAcaka kuzalalAbha kA sadaiva mahatvapUrNa sthAna banA rhegaa| kuzalalAbha ke sAhitya kI mArmikatA ke viSaya meM veli krisaNa rukmiNI ke racayitA pRthvIrAja rAThaur3a ko samrATa akabara dvArA kahI gayI ye paMkti bar3I saTIka hai ki, tumhArI veli ko to DholA kA karahalA (UMTa) cara gayA / ' kuzalalAbha ke sAhitya kI isa mArmikatA kA rAz2a hai laukika anubhUti ko apanI viSaya sAmagrI bnaanaa| isI ahasAsa ke kAraNa kuzalalAbha kI racanAoM meM anya jaina kaviyoM kI tulanA meM madhyakAlIna AcAra-vicAra, rIti-rivAja, tIja-tyauhAra, vezabhUSA, lokAcAra evaM vizvAsoM kA sundara citraNa huA hai| ye sabhI varNana sAmantI evaM jaina saMskRti se saMbaMdhita hai, kyoMki kuzalalAbha kA sAhitya vizeSa rUpa se ina do vargoM se hI saMbaMdhita hai| 4.. .saM.svAmI narottamadAsa - DholA mArU sa dUhA,prAkkathana (pAda TippaNI), pR.1. vi.saM.2011

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terApaMtha : racanAkAra aura racanAeM bhArata sadaiva se hI eka dharmanirapekSa deza rahA hai| yahAM jaba-taba vibhinna dharma-sampradAyoM kA astitva rahA aura unase sambandhita sAhitya kA vipula mAtrA meM sRjana huaa| sUphI-sampradAya isI paramparA kA eka gaira bhAratIya sampradAya hai, jisane hindI sAhitya ke nirmANa meM apUrva yogadAna diyaa| hindI sAhitya ko pallavita karane vAlI eka mahatvapUrNa bhAratIya dhArmika vicAradhArA jainiyoM kI rahI hai| jainiyoM ne prAkRta-apabhraMza aura rAjasthAnI meM aneka mahatvapUrNa racanAeM likhakara sAhitya kI srotasvinI ko sadaiva pravAhita rakhA hai| apane viziSTa sAhitya-baMdhoM ke kAraNa bauddhoM kI caryA-pada zailI, nAthoM-siddhoM kI vANI-zailI, sUphiyoM kI masanaviyoM kI bhAMti hI jaina carita-kAvya zailI kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina dharma meM pramukhataH do sampradAya haiM-- zvetAmbara aura digambara / digambara sampradAya kI tulanA meM zvetAmbariyoM kI zAkhA-prazAkhAeM adhika haiN| inakA mUla AdhAra unakI sAdhanA (upAsanA) paddhati hai| jaina dharma ke zvetAmbara sampradAya se hI pRthak huA eka ullekhanIya sampradAya hai-"terApaMtha" / isa paMtha kA itihAsa adhika prAnA nahIM hai| zvetAmbarI jainiyoM ke sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke AcArya raghunAthajI ke ziSya kaMThAliyA grAmavAsI bhIkhaNajI (AcArya bhikSa) terApaMtha ke pravartaka kahe jAte haiM / apane guru raghunAtha jI ke sAtha kucha matabheda ho jAne se unhoMne isa paMtha kI sthApanA vi.saM. 1817 meM kii| isa prakAra "terApaMtha" kA itihAsa kula 233 varSoM kA hai| do zatAbdiyoM meM isa paMtha meM kula nau AcArya hue| isa paMtha ke vartamAna AcArya mahAprajJa 1. "paramparA" - rAjasthAna sAhitya kA madhyakAla vizeSAMka - zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA kA lekha - "madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya", pR. 125

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106 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya yuvacArya haiM / AcArya tulasI ne svataH yaha pada unheM pradatta kiyA tathA terApaMtha samAja ne unheM "gaNAdhipati" pada se vibhUSita kiyaa| terApaMtha ke saMsthApaka AcArya bhikSu kI yaha dRr3ha mAnyatA thI ki binA anuzIlana ke sAmUhika vyavasthA ThIka nahIM baiTha sakatI aura avyavasthA meM kabhI samyak sAdhanA sadha nahIM sakatI / isIliye terApaMtha maryAdAoM kA pAlana na karane vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM para samucita kAryavAhI ko bhI anumati detA hai| AcArya bhikSu dvArA terApaMtha kI katipaya dArzanika mAnyatAeM isa prakAra haiM1. sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM zuddha hone caahiye| 2. jo kArya karanA sAdhya ke anukUla nahIM hai, use karavAnA, karane vAle kA anumodana karanA bhI sAdhya ke anukUla nahIM ho sktaa| 3. bhagavAna kI AjJA kisa kArya meM hai, mAtra usI kArya meM dharma hai / dharma hRdaya-parivartana meM hai, dabAva meM nahIM, pralobhana meM nhiiN| 4. ayogya ziSya na banAye jaaye| vartamAna AcArya apane gurubhAI apane ziSya ko uttarAdhikArI cune, use saba sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ saharSa svIkAra kareM aura sabhI eka hI AcArya kI maryAdA meM rheN| isa prakAra vaicArika dRSTi se terApaMtha eka AcAra, eka vicAra, aura eka AcArya kI vicAradhArA kA poSaka hai / isI maryAdA meM vaha eka prANavAna saMgha hai / isakA darzana tarka-vijJAna para AdhArita hai| ataH yaha yugAnurUpa evaM paristhitinukUla parivartana kA bhI samarthaka hai| AcArya tulasI dvArA pratipAdita aNuvrata darzana isI dizA meM unakA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai| jaina dharma se sambandhita yaha paMtha zuddha rUpa se rAjasthAnI hai| isakA janma rAjasthAna meM huaa| poSaNa bhI rAjasthAna meM hI huaa| ataH isa saMgha meM pravrajita sAdhu-sAdhvI aura anuyAyI bhI prAyaH rAjasthAna ke hI rahe / ataH isa saMgha kA pravacana, zrAvakAcAra Adi meM yahIM kI bhASA rAjasthAnI kA prayoga huaa| apane saMgha kI dhArmika mAnyatAoM aura bhakti-sambandhI sAhitya kA pravacana isa paMtha ke prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM, muniyoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne kiyaa| yaha sAhitya gadya aura padya donoM hI vidhAoM meM racita hai| inameM sarvAdhika racanAeM AcArya bhikSu, jayAcArya, AcArya tulasI, AcArya

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terApaMtha : racanAkAra aura racanAeM mahAprajJa, muni nathamalajI, muni sohanalAlajI, muni budhamala jI, muni cauthamala jI, muni mohanalAla jI " AmeTa", muni mahendra jI, muni sukhalAla jI, sAdhvI kalpalatA jI evaM sAdhvI jinarekhA jI kI milatI haiN| 1 ina terApaMthI racayitAoM kI ullekhanIya racanAeM haiM - byAhulo, gaNadhara sikhAvaNI, kAlavAdI rI caupAI, TIkamadosI rI caupAI, bhikkhu dRSTAnta, sudarzana carita, jabU carita Adi (AcArya bhikSu), jhINI carcA, kIrtigAthA, amara gAthA (jayAcArya jI), kAlU yazovilAsa, mANaka-mahimA, jAlima caritra, naMdana nikuMja (AcArya tulasI), phUla lArai kAMTau (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa), uNiyAro, jAgaNa rau helo (muni budhamala jI), tatha' ra katha (muni mohanalAlajI, AmeTa), gItoM kA guladastA, nirmANa ke bIja, rAjasthAnI gIta (muni sukhalAla jI ) ityAdi / ina racanAkAroM kI katipaya ullekhanIya racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra 107 1. sudarzana carita terApaMtha ke saMsthApaka AcArya bhISaNajI (bhikSu) kI yaha eka mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| AcArya bhikSu ne vaise to gadya aura padya meM aneka racanAeM racIM, jinakA mUla viSaya "terApaMtha" kI vyAkhyA hai / kintu Alocya kRti meM AcArya pravara ne jaina sAhitya meM pracalita aitihAsika sudarzana caritra ko apanA viSaya banAyA hai| yadyapi kAvya kA lakSya jaina zailI ke anurUpa zIla kA nirdezana hI hai kintu sahaja kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti ne use janapriya banA diyA hai| caMpAnagarI meM seTha RSabhadAsa kA putra sudarzana rupavAna, guNavAna aura zIla-sampanna yuvaka thA / jina dharma meM nirUpita zrAvaka - vratoM kA vaha anupAlaka thA / sundarI manoramA usakI bhAryA thI / bAra-bAra upasarga Ane para bhI sudarzana zIla bhraSTa nahIM hotA hai / zIlasaMpanna hokara dharmaghoSa sthavira ke pAsa vaha dIkSita hotA hai / anta meM nirvANa ko prApta hotA hai / AcArya bhikSu ne pUrvadIpti zailI meM zIlavrata kI sundara vyAkhyA kI hai / sudarzana ratnatraya se pUrNa pratiSThita caritra hai / isIlie usake guNoM ko sunakara kAyara bhI zUra-vIra ho jAte haiN| 1. vistRta vivecana hetu draSTavya hai- "tulasI prajJA" (anusaMdhAna traimAsikI) meM prakAzita muni sukhalAlajI kI lekha zRMkhalA "terApaMtha"" ke Adhunika rAjasthAnI saMta sAhityakAra

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108 caritra nAyaka sudarzana kI bhAryA manoramA bhI zIla-sauMdarya, satI aura zrAvaka vrata se paripUrNa haiM / 2 zIla dharma kI abhivyakti karane vAlI isa jaina kRti kA aMgIrasa vIra hai / kavi ne yathA-prasaMga zRMgAra, vIbhatsa, zAnta, raudra rasoM kA prayoga kara apane kathya ko prabhAvotpAdaka banAyA hai / isa uddezya hetu usane sundara sUktiyoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai, yathA 1. kAyara suNa huvai sUramA, sUrA piNa hoya ati hI aDola / sudarzana guNa sAMbhaLI, pAle zIla amola // sudarzana zIla pAlane gayo paMcamI gati pradhAna || 1. vidyA asa vara nAra saMpada heha zarIra sukha / 2. 2. mAMgyA mile nahIM cyAra pUrva sakRta kIdhA vinA (adhyAya 2, chanda 1) hive nArI jAta chai tehano kade na karUM vizvAsa | (DhAla 5, dUhA-6) 2. dropadI ro bakhANa yaha racanA bhI AcArya bhISaNajI kI hai / mahAbhArata ke dropadI AkhyAna se bhinna jaina- AcAra saMhitA ke anurUpa kavi ne dropadI ke pUrva janma, dropadI ke janma, pAMca pAMDavoM se vivAha, nArada kA tiraskAra janita pratirodha, dropadI- apaharaNa, yuddha, dropadI kI vApasI, dropadI kI saMyama - tapasyA aura deha tyAga, paMca- pANDavoM kI dIkSA Adi ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se isa kI kathA prastuta kI hai / rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kavi ne ina sabhI ghaTanAoM kA citraNa 33 DhAloM meM kiyA hai| abhivyaMjanA ati sarala, sahaja evaM AkarSaka haiM / racanA meM varNita ghaTanAeM naitika mAnadaNDoM aura AdarzoM kI punarsthApanA karatI / sAtha hI racanA sAmayikatA pradAna karane meM bhI sahAyaka hotI hai | ataH uddezya aura prastuti kI dRSTi se yaha racanA mahatI hai / 3. jhINI caracA - terApaMtha ke chaThe aura prabuddha AcArya zrI jayAcArya ne terApaMtha ke dharma-darzana evaM prathama DhAla, dUhA 5-6 satI manoramA nAra pAle zrAvaka nAM vrata cAra, - DhAla 2, dUhA 18

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terApaMtha : racanAkAra aura racanAeM 109 mani vRtAntoM se sambandhita aneka zreSTha racanAoM kA sRjana kiyaa| inameM se eka mahatvapUrNa rAjasthAnI kRti hai "jhINI racanA" / kRti kA zIrSaka hI isa bAta ko pramANita karatA hai ki isameM jaina dharma se sambandhita "terApaMtha" ke jhIne (sUkSma) tatvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| Alocya racanA meM 22 gIta saMkalita haiN| sabhI kI viSaya-vastu saiddhAntika hai / terApaMtha ke anusAra ina gItoM meM nau padArthoM (jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Azrava, saMvarA, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa) tathA chaha dravya (dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkozAstikAya, kAla, pudgalAstikAya, aura jIvAstikAya) kA ati sarala bhASA meM varNana prastuta haiM / udaya, uparAma, kSaya aura kSayopazama-niSpanna kina-kina karmoM kA hotA hai, isa prazna kA sahaja bhASA meM kavi ne isa prakAra samAdhAna kiyA "udaya-nipana karma AThano, upazama-nipana eka saar| khAyaka-nipana AThAM taNo, khayoparAma nipana cyAra // 1 jayAcArya ne isakI racanA vi.saM. 1912 se 1916 ke bIca kii| yaha tathya kaI DhAloM ke anta meM diye gaye racanAkAla ke AdhAra para jJAta hotA hai|2 ina DhAloM ke uparAnta isa kRti kI viduSI saMpAdikA sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhA jI ne jayAcArya nirmita jhINojJAna, aNuvrata nA bhAMgA, tAtvika DhAlAM kA sampAdita rUpa bhI prastuta kiyA hai| 4. amara-gAthA jayAcArya kI racanAoM kA eka amUlya saMkalana "amara gAthA" zIrSaka se bhI prakAzita haA hai| isakA saMpAdana muni navaratnamala, muni madhukara, sAdhvI kalpalatA, sAdhvI jinarekhA aura zrIcaMda rAmapuriyAjI ne kiyA hai| isa saMkalana meM kavi zrI jayAcArya kI caudaha racanAeM saMpAdita haiM-satajugI carita, hema nabarasau, hema cauDhAliyo, sarupa navaraso, sarupavilAsa, bhImavilAsa, motIjI 1. DhAla 1/32; 5/43, 54; 10/40, 106; 12/10, 119; 13/90, 140; 16/13, 157; 18/12, 170; 22/50, 207 2. udaya niSpanna bhAva AThoM karmoM kA, upazama niSpanna bhAva : eka mohanIya karma kA, kSaya niSpanna bhAva AThoM karmoM kA aura kSayopazama niSpanna bhAva cAra ghAtya karmoM kA hotA hai -DhAla 3, dUhA 3

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110 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya ro paMcaDhAliyo, zivajI ro cauDhAliyo, karmacaMda gItikA, zAntivilAsa, udayacaMdajI ro cauDhAliyo, harakha cauDhAliyo, hastUjI-kastUjI ro paMcaDhAliyo, srdaarsujsh| ina 14 racanAoM ke atirikta isa saMkalana meM pariziSTa rUpa meM satajugI ro paMcaDhAliyo aura tejIrAma jI ro cauDhAliyo nAmaka do anya racanAeM bhI saMkalita haiN| ina kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne apane samaya ke mUrdhanya maniyoM, AcAryoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke terApaMtha se saMbaMdhita darzana ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| pariziSTa kI racanAoM ke lekhaka mani hemarAja haiM jo AcArya bhikSu ke zAsanakAla meM vartamAna the| isa prakAra ye racanAeM bhI jaina AdhyAtmika dRSTi ko prastuta karane vAlI hai| 5. kAlUyazovilAsa terApaMtha ke nauveM aura vartamAna gaNAdhipati AcArya tulasI kI yaha eka mahatvapUrNa racanA hai / kAlU gaNI kI AcArya tulasI para atIva anukaMpA thii| unake sAtha rahakara unheM "terApaMtha" ko samajhane kA eka lambA samaya milA / unakA abhAva AcArya tulasI ke liye asahAya thaa| aise mahAn AcArya guru ke jIvana kI sahaja zreSThatA ko lipibaddha karanA hI isa kRti kA pramukha lakSya hai| kAvya rUpa kI dRSTi se ise mahAkAvya kahA jAnA caahiye| saMpUrNa racanA meM kAlU gaNI ke jIvana kI AraMbha se anta taka kI vividha ghaTanAoM kA byaurevAra varNana huA hai / yaha vivaraNa chaha ullAsoM aura pAMca zikhAoM meM samAhita hai / prathama ullAsa meM maMgalAcaraNa Adi ke sAtha kAlU gaNI ke janmAdi, dIkSA, madhavA gaNI ke sAtha ghaniSTha saMbaMdha Adi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| dvitIya ullAsa meM kAlU gaNI kI sannidhi meM jarmana vidvAn harmana yAkobI kA Agamana, nAbAliga dIkSA kA pratirodha, cAturmAsa meM dIkSA kA virodha evaM zamana kA byaurA hai| tRtIya ullAsa meM kAlU gaNI kI utkRSTa sahiSNutA, lADanUM meM AcArya tulasI kI dIkSA saradArazahara cAturmAsa aura dIkSA prasaMga ko darzAyA gayA hai| cauthe ullAsa meM AcArya tulasI kI poSAla, kAlU gaNI-AcArya tulasI kA madhura saMvAda, jaMgala varNana, kAlU gaNI ke antima varSoM meM sampanna dIkSAoM kA varNana aMkita haiN| paMcama ullAsa meM dIkSA mahotsava ke prasaMga meM bhrAnta dhAraNAeM aura unakA nirAkaraNa, mAlavA meM virodhI vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa, kAlU gaNI kI uMgalI meM prANahArI vedanA aura usakI sahanazIlatA tathA chaThe ullAsa meM cAturmAsa hetu gaMgApura padArpaNa, vraNavedanA kA vistAra, lacchIrAma jI vaidya ke sAtha

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terApaMtha : racanAkAra aura racanAeM 111 auSadhi saMbaMdhI vimarza, sAdhvI pramukhA zrI kAnakumArI jI kA svargavAsa, yuvAcArya pada pradAna hetu pUrva taiyAriyAM, yuvAcArya aura saMgha ko zikSA, kAla gaNI kA svargavAsa, mAtuzrI kI sAhasa sampRkta manaH sthiti kA varNana huA hai| kavi ne saMpUrNa racanA meM ghaTanAoM kA saMyojana kalAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai ki pAtroM kI caritragata vizeSatA svataH udghATita hotI calatI hai| apanI anubhUti ko vyaMjita karane hetu kavi AcArya tulasI ne rAjasthAnI bhASA ko mAdhyama banAyA hai| isa abhivyakti ko janapracalita aMgrejI aura phArasI zabdoM tathA AlaMkArika-muhAvareyukta bhASA ne aura adhika saMpreSaNIyatA pradAna kI hai| 6. mANakamahimA yaha bhI AcArya tulasI dvArA racita kRti hai / kavi ne isakA sRjana vi.saM. 2013 meM saradArazahara meM kiyaa| AcArya tulasI ne isa racanA meM terApaMtha ke chaThe AcArya mANaka gaNI ke jIvana caritra ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| sAtha hI, prasaMgavaza terApaMtha ke Adipravartaka AcArya bhikSu se lekara vartamAna adhizAstA AcArya tulasI (Alocya kRti ke racayitA) taka kA vivaraNa bhI kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai| kRti kA AraMbha DAkuoM dvArA hukamacaMdajI kI nRzaMsa hatyA kI ghaTanA se hotA hai| pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda mANakalAla jI kA lAlana-pAlana unake bhAI lichamanadAsa jI ne saMbhAlA / AraMbha se hI bAlaka mANaka kI bhakti ke prati niSThA aura jayAcArya kI kRpA se unheM dIkSita kiyA gyaa| lADanUM zahara ke bAhara eka bhavya samAroha meM dIkSA saMpanna huii| taduparAMta racanA meM jayAcArya kA sAnnidhya aura unake AcArya pada kI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai| sAr3he cAra varSa ke alpa zAsana kAla ke pazcAt DhAla gaNI ke AcArya pada grahaNa ke sAtha hI graMtha kI samApti hai| Alocya racanA laghu AkAra kI hai| usameM mAtra ikkIsa gItoM meM mANaka gaNI ke caritra ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| 7. tatha'ra katha mani mohanalAla "AmeTa" kI yaha eka ullekhanIya kAvya racanA hai| Adarza sAhitya saMgha curU ne 1971 I. meM prakAzita isa kAvyakRti meM munijI kI 134 kavitAeM saMkalita haiN| kavitAoM kA mUla viSaya terApaMtha-darzana hai jo kRti ke zIrSaka se bhI spaSTa hai / kavi ne bebAka dRSTi se kI vAstavikatA aura kathanI ke prati niSkarSa diye

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112 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya hai| ina kAvyAbhivyaktiyoM meM kavi kI dRSTi jagat meM vyApta dvandva aura dvaita para adhika kendrita rahI hai / "unakI kAvya-sarjanA ke mUla meM vaha advaitamUlaka dRSTi hai, jo sAre dRzyamAna bhedoM ko bhedakara abheda kA darzana karAnA cAhatI hai| ve samakAlIna ghaTanAoM kA varNana aMdhakAra aura prakAza ke pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta karate hue kahate haiM aMdhero pIra divalo karayo AMgaNai nai seMcanaNa paNa svArathI minakha jota ne nutoM diyau kyUMka parakAsa'ra pApa meM aNabaNa hai / (pR.24) terApaMtha se sambandhita AcAryoM, maniyoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA racita ullekhanIya sAhitya hai| yaha gadya aura padya donoM hI rUpoM meM hai| dRSTAnta rUpa meM inhoMne jahAM rAjasthAnI gadya ko saMsmaraNAtmaka sAhitya kI paramparA pradAna kI vahI jayAcArya ne "upadezaratna kathAkoza" ke mAdhyama se prAkRta aura apabhraMza kI jaina kathAkoza paramparA ko jIvita rkhaa| terApaMtha mUlataH zvetAmbara jaina dharma kA aMga hai, ataH sambandhita sabhI racanAoM ke viSaya tatsambandhI darzana ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane vAle haiN| ina viSayoM kI abhivyakti ina kaviyoM ne muktaka aura prabandha zailI meM kI hai| apane caritra kI prastuti varNanAtmaka zailI meM adhika kI hai| vaise to ina racanAoM kA pramukha rasa zAnta hai kintu kathA vistAra evaM lakSya prApti ke liye zRMgAra, karuNa evaM vIra rasa kA bahulatA ke sAtha prayoga huA hai| yathAprasaMga anukUla vIbhatsa, bhayAnaka, raudra dRzyoM ke bhI stutya varNana dekhane ko milate haiN| jaisA ki kahA jA cukA haiM ki terApaMtha 233 varSa purAnA hai tathA usakA udgama pratikriyA kA pariNAma hai / ataH apane siddhAnta aura mAnyatAoM ke anukUla hI isa 1. jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM - terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna, pR.90

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terApaMtha : racanAkAra aura racanAeM sAhitya meM navIna pariveza kA bhI ullekha huA hai| saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu ko jAnanA jIvana kA lakSya honA cAhiye sukha-dukhI bhaNyA- aNabhaNyA jar3a-ceta tara gata rI paratIta bAgAM par3I dhULa maMjaLa rI babhUta haiM T 113 ina racanAkAroM ke priya chaMda, DhAla, dUhA, soraThA, AryA, lAvaNI, kalaza, yatanI, gItaka, bhujaMgaprayAta, zArdUlavikrIDita, zikhariNI, motIdAma, Adi tathA priya alaMkAra anuprAsa, vayaNasagAI, sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM ke sAtha yamaka, lokokti, ananvaya, udAharaNa, saMdeha Adi alaMkAroM kA suSThu prayoga huA hai / 1 bhASA kI bhAvAnukUlatA ina racanAoM aura racanAkAroM kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA kahI jA sakatI haiN| nAdasauMdarya, dhvanyAtmakatA ne hara samaya bhASA kA sAtha nibhAyA hai / niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki terApaMtha kI rAjasthAnI racanAoM kA kAvya-sauSThava sampanna hai / janaruci ke anukUla bhASA, zabdAvalI, chanda aura alaMkAroM ne ina dArzanika dhArmika racanAoM meM sAhityikatA kA saMcAra kiyA hai| ye racanAeM na kevala terApaMtha apitu rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI amUlya thAtI hai /

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(ka) AdhAra graMtha 1. saM. bhaMvaralAla agaracaMda nAhaTA - aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, bIkAnera saM. haMsavijaya jaina- vividha pUjA saMgraha, ahamadAbAda saM. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI- Ananda kAvya mahodadhi, mauktika 7, jIvanacaMda sakaracaMda javerI, gopIpurA, sUrata saM. cImanalAla dalAla-prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha 5. gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala sIrIja, aMka 13 - prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha 2. 3. 4. 6. pariziSTa-graMthasUcI surasuMdarI rAsa- rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna ha.gra. 27380 lIlAvatI caupaI - vahI, graMthAMka 3500 7. 8. 9. 10. tejasArarAsa caupaI- rA.prA.vi.pra. jodhapura, haM. graMthAMka 26546 12. uttamakumAra caritra copaI - sArdUla risarca iMsTITyUTa, bIkAnera 13. mahAmAI durgA sAtasI-ela.DI. iMsTITyUTa oNpha iNDolojI, ahamadAbAda graM.lA.da. 2493 saM. bhavaralAla nAhaTA-padminIcaritra caupaI - sArdUla risarca iMsTITyUTa, bIkAnera bacharAja caupaI- zrI jaina zvetAmbara maMdira, ajamera 14. padmAvatI chaMda - vizvambharA, bIkAnera, 15. varSa 8, bhAratI athavA bhagavatI chaMda- ela.DI. iMsTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda 3 16. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI - gurjara kavio, bhAga1, 17. sthUlabhadra kAkAdi - rA.prA.vi.pra., jodhapura (prakAzita) aMka 1

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pariziSTa-graMthasUcI 18. agar3adattarAsa (kuzalalAbha )- bhaNDArakara prAcyavidyA maMdira, pUnA ha.li. graMtha 605 AcArya tulasI-kAlU yazovilAsa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 19. 20. vahI - mANaka mahimA, Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, curu 21. jhINI caracA, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 22. muni mohanalAla, AmeTa- tatha' ra katha 23. piMgala ziromaNi-paramparA, rAjasthAnI zodha saMsthAna, caupAsanI, jodhapura, bhAga 13 24. sAhityasAra- rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura 25. jayAcArya-amaragAthA - jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (kha) saMdarbha graMtha-- 26. lakSmInArAyaNa garga- saMgIta vizArada, saMgIta kAryAlaya, hAtharasa 27. devendra kumAra jaina - apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya 28. 29. pro.ma.ra. majamUdAra-gujarAtI sAhitya nA svarUpo, AcArya buka Dipo, bar3odarA sAhityadarpaNa-vizvanAtha- caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI DA. zivasvarUpa "acala " - rAjasthAnI gadya sAhityaH udbhava aura vikAsa DA. rAmagopAla goyala - rAjasthAnI ke premAkhyAnaH paramparA aura pragati zrI caMda jaina-jaina kathAoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, paMcazIla, jayapura hastImala mevAr3I - jaina Agama ke anamola ratna 33. 34. soma prabhAcArya - kumArapAla pratibodha 35. dazaratha zarmA evaM dazaratha ojhA - rAsa evaM rAsAnvayI kAvya, jayapura 36. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA - jodhapura rAjya kA itihAsa 37. pazcima bhArata kI yAtrA - rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura 38. jagadIzasiMha gahalota- mAravAr3a rAjya kA itihAsa 40. DaoN. bI. pI. johArapurakara - bhaTTAraka saMpradAya, jJAnapITha, dillI 41. saM. vinayasAgara-kharatagaccha kA itihAsa, prathama khaNDa DA. rAjendraprakAza bhaTanAgara - jaina Ayurveda kA itihAsa, udayapura 30. 31. 32. 115 2 42.

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116 rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 43. DA. je.sI. jaina-prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya, ela.DI. iMsTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda 44 saM. narottamadAsa svAmI Adi-DholA mAru rA dUhA-kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI 45 DA manamohana svarUpa mAthura-kuzalalAbhaH vyaktitva aura kRtitvaH maMthana pablikezansa, rohataka 46 saM. deva koThArI-kesarImala sarANA abhinaMdana graMtha, rANAvAsa-mAravAr3a 47. terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna-jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1993 48. agaracaMda nAhaTA-prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paramparA, bhAratIya vidyA pratiSThAna, bIkAnera 49. AcArya zukla-hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI 50. DA. mItIlAla menAriyA-rAjasthAna kA piMgala sAhitya, udayapura 51. DA. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, kalakattA (ga) patrikAeM1. majjhamikA, 1972 (udayapura) 2. jana-sAhitya (caNDIgar3ha) 3. saptasiMdhu (caNDIgar3ha) 4. anekAnta (dillI), varSa 24, akTU. 1971, 1977 5. saMbodhi (ahamadAbAda) 6. zodha patrikA (udayapura), varSa 14, aMka 1,3 7. vizvambharA (bIkAnera), varSa 8, aMka 1 8. jaina, varSa 67, aMka 33-34 9. paramparA, caupAsanI (jodhapura) 10. rAjasthAna bhAratI, bIkAnera, bhAga 5, aMka 9 11. jaina satya prakAza, aMka 10-11, varSa 11

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