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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
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important are the substances of Dharma and Adharma in this universe. Acarya Malayagiri said that the order in the Loka and the Aloka (universe and the beyond) is not possible without these substances.1
This world is a fact, because it is experienced through the senses. But the beyond i. e., the Aloka is not subject to sense-experience. Therefore, the existence and the non-existence of the aloka has been a problem. But when we accept the existence of Loka, we have also to postulate the existence of the beyond, because the limited does imply the unlimited. The logic of our arguments would certainly show that if there is a beyond, there must be a limited as if there is the limited which implied the unlimited. These are relative terms.2
In
The universe has all the six substances like the Jiva, Pudgala, Dharma and Adharma and Akāśa and Kāla. But where there is only Akāśa, it is the beyond; the unlimited and it is called Aloka. the Aloka, jiva and ajīva cannot exist because Dharma and Adharma are the criteria of the distinctions between the two spheres of Loka and Aloka, where Dharma and Adharma operate that is Loka, and where these principles are not operative it is Aloka.
Gautama Gaṇadhara asked Bhagavāna Mahāvira "What is the use of Dharmāstikāya for the jivas ?"
Mahavira said: "O Gautama, if the principle of motion were not to operate, where would be the motion? Who would come and who would go? How could the waves of the sound travel? How could eye lids open? Who would talk and who could move about? The whole world would have remained Dharmastikāya is the means to all the moving things.3
stationary.
Gautama asked, "Bhagavan! What is the use of the Adharmastikaya for the Jīvas ?
Mahāvīra said, "O, Gautama, if the Adharmästikāya were not
1. Prajñā panā, pada 1, vṛtti-Lokālokavyavasthānupapatteḥ.
2. Nyāyāvatāra-Yo yo vyuta pattimacchuddhapadabhidheyaḥ sa sa ghatoaghata vipakṣakaḥ
Yasca lokasya
savipakṣaḥ. Yathä vipakṣaḥ soãlokaḥ.
3. Bhagavati, 13, 4,
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