________________
A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
493
the duration of the type of karma. Generally, the ratio is one hundred years to one sägaropama period of time of its fruition as the original karma. For example, maximum duration of the jñānāvaraņiya karma is thirty crores of crores sāgaropama. And the abadhakala will be measured as three thousand years. In the Bhagavati, we get the calculations about the periods of abādhākala of the 8 types of karma. In the Prajñāpanā also there is the calculation about the extent of the abadhākala with reference to the consequential effects of the original karma, 2
The Jainas have made a systematic study of the theory of karma. The Jaina contribution to the theory of karma is unique. In the Yogasūtra of Patañjali, there is the mention of the consequential _effects of the fruition of the different karmas. Yoga darśana mentions three such types, as : (1) niyatavipāki, in this the karma gets expression at a determined time, gives fruit and exhausts. (2) aniyatavipāki, the karma rises and is destroyed without giving fruit. (3) avāyagamını, this refers to the process of the transformati type of karma with the similar type of karma or the sub-type of karma. These three concepts of Yogadarśana may be compared to the Jaina concepts nikācita, pradeśodaya and sankramana.
KARMA AND REBIRTH :
The subject of rebirth is very closely associated with the doctrine of karma. The two are basal pre-supposition of Indian thought. They are postulates of Indian thought. Rebirth is a corrolory of the principle of karma. If karma is fully exhausted, the series of births will come to an end; but it is not possible to exhaust all the karma that has been accumulated in one single Ife. The karma that we have accumulated in the past gives rise to various births. It is a cycle of existence and rebirth.3 Rebirth is very closely associated with the karma and jiva. The karma of the past life is responsible for the
1 | 2 3
Bhagavatī 2, 3. Prajnapana 23, 2, 21-29. Acārānga 12, 6.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
