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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
its previous performance. If the direction is straight and direct it is rjugati. If the direction of the movement is uneven and indirect, it is called vakragati. The direct movement (rjugati) requires one samaya and the least effort on the part of the jiva to enter from the previous to the next life. When the soul departs from the previous body it acquires the speed of that body and it darts of to its next destination like an arrow. In the case of the curved direction it has to make certain efforts. When the soul reaches the point of curve the previous body is to some extent arrested, then the jiva has to depend on the energy of the sūkṣna (subtle) karmic body. The time required for traversing the distance from one birth to another birth in the next body depends on the number of curves in the direction of the next body. If there is only one curve it will require two samayas. If there are two curves it requires three samayas and if there are three curves, it requires four sanayas. Generally, the universe is extended in three directions like: upwards, downwads and crosswise. In the case of the residence of the heaven, hell and crosswise in the case of tiryak gati (lower animals).
The soul requires two samayas in its movement the direction of the upper world to the lower world. world (urdhvaloka), it takes the direction of the eastern side and in the lower world it turns to the direction of the western world. In the case of the duration of the three samayas for the movement there are two turns. One is north-eastern direction and the other south-west direction. In the first samaya it moves in the direction of the lower world, in the second samaya it takes a turn towards the western and in the third samaya there is turn to the north-western side.
In the case of the duration of the time in the movement upto four samaya there would be three turns. First, it moves towards the lower world, then turns towards the south-western side, then towards the western side and lastly north-western side. This movement in different directions is called "tri-vakră catuḥ sāmayikī”.
In all these cases the movement of the jiva is with the help of the sūkşma sarira (subtle body), as the gross body is no longer. But the gross body will be created in the next life with sāṁskära and with the help of the subtle body and the energy available. According to the
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