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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
same view is adopted in Navatattvaprakaraṇa,1 with slight difference in order. But the ingredients are the same as described by Umaswati in his Tattvärthasutra.
Regarding the number of ingredients of samvara, there are many
traditions.
But mainly there are five types of samvara?—
1. Samyaktva-to be free from wrong faith (mithyātva).
2. I rata-To renounce all the eighteen kinds of sinful activities. 3. Apramada-to have a keen desire towards auspicious deeds or dharma.
4. Akaṣāya-subsidence (upasama) of anger, pride, greed, hypocrisy etc.
5. Ayoga-stopping all the mental, vocal and bodily activities.
Besides these, to give up all the sins, like-violence, falseness, stealing, cohabitation or sexual desire, hallucination (marcha) of possessions; to control all the five senses and to control the mental, vocal and physical activities are also samvara. In this way, there are 20 types of Samvara.s
Śri Devendra Suri tells 57 types of Samvara, viz., 5 Samiti (vigilance), 3 gupti (self-restraince), 10 śramana dharmas (excellent forgiveness etc.) 12 Anuprekṣās (reflections), 22 parīṣaha-jaya (victory over the hinderances during penances) and 5 caritra (right conduct).
Swami Kartikeya in his Dvādaṣānuprekṣā tells only four kinds of samvara. These are- -(1) Samyaktva-saṁvara. (2) Virati samvara. It is of two kinds-(i) partial or small vows (Desa-virati) and (ii) great vows or complete vows (mahāvrata). Partial vows are for
1. Navatativa-prakarana 25.
2. (a) Sthānanga, 5/2/418.
(b) Samavāyāṁga, 5.
3. There is the description of 5 great vows in-Prasna-Vyakaraṇa, samvara dvara; Sthänänga 5/2/418 and 10/1/79.
4. Nava-tattva-prakaraṇa, 42.
5. Dvādaśānuprekṣā-saṁvarānuprekṣā, 95.
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