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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
Gautama asked Mahavira: 'Bhagavan! can we say that one cannot be free from the experiences of the karma which are inauspicious.' Mahavira said; "Yes, it is true that we have to experience the pāpa karma'.
Gautama asked Mahavira to explain the process. Mahavira said, 'O Gautama ! I have described two types of karma 1. Pradesa karma (extension of the karmic particles) and 2. anubhāga karma (experience of the karmic effect). Pradeśa karma has to be exhausted, some may be exhausted through the experience of the intensity and some without experience in the intensity of the karmic particles,1
PURUȘĂRTHA (SELF EFFORT) AS DETERMINING FACTOR
What we call puruṣārtha (self effort of an individual jīva), does play an important part in the intensity and experience of the karmic bondage. From the point of view of the past karmic bondage, we can say that it is both important and not an important factor in shaping the experiences of karma. If the efforts, made in the present time, are less than the efforts made in the past, then the present efforts will have less impact on the manner of experience of karma. If the present impact is greater, it is possible that it may modify the intensity and experience of the past bondage of the karma.
Karma need not be considered only in two parts as bandha (bondage) and udaya rise of karma. There are other states of impact of karma. The karmic particles and the karmic experiences can be attributed and modified to particular processes like apavartanā, udvartanā, etc. These processes of the rise, experience and the exhaustion of karma may be mentioned as follows:
1. Apavartana-In this, the karmic intensity may be decreased in experience, it is rasaghata or mandikaraṇa.
2. Udvartana --The intensity of the karmic experience may be increased. This is udvartanā, or it is also called tīvrīkaraṇa.
1 Bhagavati 1, 4, 40 vṛtti
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