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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
not present two contradictory predications from the same point-ofview. For instance, if from the same point-of-view, were to say that he is a sannyāsi and that he is not a sannyāsi, there would be contradiction, but there is no such uni-contextual predications in the Syādvāda. Therefore, Syādvāda presents dialectical predications from different points-of-view,
NAYAVADA Nayavāda is the basis of Syadvāda. It is the psychological aspect of anekānta. Nayavāda presents the theory of different pointsof view.
These points of view have to be expressed in predicational form for the sake of communication. That is done by Syādvāda. Syādvāda is the logical expression of Nayavāda. Nayavāda and Syādvāda are varieties of Anekāntavāda. Nayavāda is analytical in character and Syādvāda is synthetic.
Pramāna expresses the different characteristics of an object. But naya presents the specific characteristics of an object. While presenting the characteristic of an object naya does not deny the possibility of other characteristics present in an object. If it were to deny the possibility of other characteristics, the denial would be dogmatic. That is “durnaya”1 Predications have a reference to pramāņa. Naya is different from and is an aspect of the pramāņa in a particular sense. Just as a part of the sea? is not the sea, nor is it non-sea. It is the part of the sea. The naya comprehends the aspect and the charcteristics of an object. The different systems of philosophy project a particular point of view, a particular naya but their presentation is always onesided. They cannot have a full and comprehensive picture of reality in all its aspects. But Nayavāda demands us to look at reality from different points-of-view. That gives a fuller picture of reality.
The Buddhist approach of looking at réality was from the point of view of momentariness. Therefore, they emphasise that there is nothing permanent in the world. Everything is in a flux. The Buddhist
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Pramānınyatatīvāloka-Vadideva. ślokavārttika–Vidyānandi.
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