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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
With reference to the prefixes the words will have different meanings also. Prefixes 'a', 'vi', 'pra' and sam' for the word hāra will give different meanings. Ahāra means food, vihara is walking about, prahāra is striking and samhāra is destruction. Due to the different prefixes, words will have different meanings. Science of language presents innumerable details regarding the meaning and function of the word. The linguistics is a developing science and the Sabdanaya is the root cause of this development. It incorporates all the traditions which are responsible for the development of linguistic science.
ŚABDANAYĀBHĀSA (FALLACY OF SABDANAYA)
Śabdanayābhāsa is a fallacy which consists in maintaining that the meaning of the word is not affected by the contextual situations and the different prefixes. Reference to different points of time may bring different modifications and these modifications have to be recognised as facts. But the sabdanayabhāsa does not recognise this important fact that there is the possibility of changes in the meaning due to contextual changes. To emphasise and retain the same meaning even if the contextual emphasis and references are changed is called sabdanayābhāsa.1
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SAMABHIRUDHANAYA
Samabhiruḍhanaya refers to the meaning of the word, within the contexts of its etymological analysis. It goes to understand the meaning of the word with reference to its origin. The evolution of the word may lead to various changes in the meaning. However, the origin of the word needs to be considered for understanding the exact meaning of the word. In the varied modifications of the word it would be necessary to understand the stages of the modifications, and the modifications will show different meanings. To show this, is the function of samabhirūḍhanaya. Samabhiruḍhanaya accepts the difference among the synonyms of the same word. In the sabdnaya we try to understand the meaning of the word with reference to its function
1 Pramāṇanayatattvāloka 7, 34
2 Pramāṇanayatattvāloka 7, 37
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