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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
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(5-8) four passions --anger, pride, hyrocrisy and greed (9-13) five kinds of sensual enjoyments, (14) sleep (15) affection. Being indulged in these fifteen kinds of worldy activities, the jiva forgets his own welfare and gives no preference to salvation-path (mokşa-märg.) Consequently, jīva begins to acquire pāpa-karmas. Whether he does or does not the sinful deeds, yet, on account of negligence, pāpas are acquired.
This is why, Bhagawāna Mahāvīra said to his first disciple Ganadhara Gautama
“Gautama! Always be careful and do not be negligent for a single moment." 4. PASSIONS (KAŞAYA)
Passions (kaşāya) are the root cause of misery, pain and agony etc., to jīva. Thse are the main causes of transmigration of the jiva.1
Really the velocity of passions is very great. These are passions, which moves the jīva in the circle of life and death. As the passions extinguish, the circle of life and death stops. The passions keep the tree of transmigration green. Sayyambhava Suri said — The uncontrolled passions keep the root of transmigration fresh, due to them it can not dry."
Passions are spiritual defects. May these be manifest or not, yet they make defective the inherent qualities of ātman. On account of these, ātman gets the pains, miseries and agonies etc., upto long-long time in this world. Ācārya Virasena in Dhavlā, says that passions make the karma-field fertile.
Passions are four in number, viz., anger (krodhu), pride (mānu), deceitfulness (māyā) and greed (lobha). These are classified into two categories, i. e., attachment (räga) and aversion (dveșa). Anger and pride are dveșa, while deceitfulness and greed are rāga.
The four types of passions are fundamental passions. Besides these there are nine types of passions more. These are called no-kaşāyas (quasi-passions).
1. Pratikramanasutra-Vrtti-Acārya Nami 2. Daśavaikālika, 8.
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