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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
keeping devotion and faith in heart towards the deva, guru and dharma is also the cause of acquiring punya.
Acarya Umaswati tells, the auspicious mental, bodily and vocal activities are punya. 1 Auspicious and meritorious karma-pudgalas are called punya.2
Demeritorious karmas are pāpas. In other words, due to pāpa atman could not do auspicious deeds.1
There many causes of papa, yet, briefly, eighteen causes are described in the agamas. These are also called pāpa-sthāna (the homes of papa). These are enumerated as under :
1. Himsā (violence)
2. Mṛṣā (to tell a lie)
3. Caurya (theft)
4. Abrahmacarya (non-celibacy)
5. Parigraha (covetuousness)
6. Krodha (anger)
7. Mana (pride)
8. Māyā (deceit)
9. Lobha (lust or greed)
10. Raga (attachment)
11. Dveşa (detachment)
12. Kalaha (to make dispute)
13. Abhyākhyāna (to nickname anybody, to call bad names) 14. Paiśunya (back-biting)
185
1. Tattvärthsūtra, 6/3.
2. (a) Sūtrakṛtāǹga, Śīlānka-Vṛtti, 2/5/16 p. 127. (b) Mulacăra-Vrtti-ācārya Vasunandi, 5/6. (c) Samavāyānga-Abhāyadeva-Vṛtti, 1, p. 6. (d) Şaḍdarśana Samuccaya, Guṇa-Vrtti, p. 137. 3. (a) Pañcāstikāya-Vṛtti—Amṛtcandrācārya, 108. (b) Samavāyānga-Abhayadeva-Vṛtti, 1, p. 6. (c) Şaḍdarśana Samuccaya, Guna-Vṛtti, 47, p. 4. (a) Sarvarthasiddhi, 6/3.
137.
(b) Tattvārtha-Śrutsāgarīyā-Vṛtti, 6/3.
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