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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
due to behavioural point of view, many causes are enumerated of these are described in āgamas like Sthânănga etc.
TYPES OF PUNYA AND PĀPA Auspicious karma-pudgalas are called punya. It can be acquired by the auspicious deeds, like--to have sympathy and kindness towards the poor and distressed people and serve them, philanthropic deeds, to be glad to see good charactered people etc.
Āgamas have told that jiva can acquire punya by the nine deeds. These are
(1) Anna punya-to give food to the hungry ones keeping kindness and with faith and devotion to saints.
(2) Pāna punya-to give drinking water to the thirsty people.
(3) Layana punya-Layana means shelter. Everybody should give shelter (i.e., place for living) to the needy persons.
(4) śayana punya-sayana means to give space for sleeping. (5) Vastra punya-to give cloths to the needy persons.
(6) Mana-punya-to think that every body should be happy, none should be sorrowful, etc.
(7) Vacana punya-It means to acquire punya by sympathetic and sweet words.
(8) Kāya punya-A man may acquire punya, if he serves others by his boby. This type of punya can be acquired by physical auspicious activities.
(9) Namaşkāra Punya-This type of punya is acquired by vinaya. To bow to the elders, virtuous and meritorious people is the cause of this type of punya.
In other words, it can be said that the punya can be acquired by giving food, drinking water, medicine, etc., and to give place to rest to the needy persons, to have good feelings to every one, to speak sweet and advantageous words and to do good deeds by body. To bow,
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