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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
159
of time). The same is the case in the case of transformation of paramāņus of two qualities to ananta qualities. All the modifications in the paramāņu on the basis of qualities are natural expressions of the modifications.
THE FOUR TYPES OF PARAMĀŅU
We have already seen that paramāņu is indivisible and without parts. But it has been suggested that other substances have their minutest parts which are intellectual constructs and they are also called paramāņus. In this sense, we can say that there four types of paramāņu as:
(substance
paramāņu)
-pudgala
(1) Dravya paramāņu paramāņu (material paramāņu).
(2) Kşetra paramāņu (space paramāņu) —ākāśa paramāņu. (3) Kāla paramāņu (time)—samaya (definite span of time). (4) Bhāva paramāņu-attribute.
Bhāva paramāņu is of four types as varna-guṇa, gandha-guṇa, rasa-guna, sparśa-guņa (colour, smell, taste and touch).
There are 16 sub-divisions of these qualities like
Madhura (sweet) Katuka (sour)
10.
11. Kaṣāya (bitter)
1. Krsna (black) 2. Nila (blue)
3. Rakta (red)
4.
Pita (yellow)
5. Sveta (white)
9.
12. Tikṣṇa (sharp) 13.
14.
6. Sugandha (fragrant)
7. Durgandha (foul smell) 15. 8. Tikta (astringent)
16.
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Uşna (hot)
Śīta (cold)
Rūkṣa (rough) Snigdha (oily or viscouse nature)
These sub-divisions are one quality divisions (Ek-guņa). In short we can say according to the Jaina conception of paramāņu the paramāņu possess the four qualities mentioned above.
PARAMĀŅU INACCESSIBLE TO SENSES (ATINDRIYATĀ)
Paramāņu is not accessible to sense experience through the sense-organs, but it is not formless. It has form. It is so subtle that even when it has form, it cannot be grasped by the senses. It can only be seen through intuition or the higher perception.
1 Bhagavati 5, 7,
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