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Society in Jaina Philosophy and Literature
possession (parigraha-parimāṇa) or limiting the desires (icchāvidhi-parimāṇa) (UD Chapter 1). These aṇuvratas have social, moral and spiritual values. A person pursuing these aṇuvratas cannot be harmful to the society. He may be beneficial in some respect. He bears humanity in him and behaves with compassion and restraint. According to first anuvrata a person is not allowed to keep others in captivity, to beat or kill them, to mutilate, to overload and to deprive them of food and drink." This shows the necessity of compassion and equality towards other living beings of the world. It involves the recognition to life of all and their equal right to live.
The second anuvrata is related to control the speaking of untruth. Liars are not to be harboured in society:
"Falsehood is censured by saints in the world. It is a cause of mistrust among the people, hence it should be avoided.
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64 وو
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One should speak harmless truth. Nothing should be told in such a manner that it might cause embarrassment, anxiety or unhappiness to others." The third aṇuvrata demands abstaining from the inclination for theft." Taking a thing that has not been granted or given by the owner, comes under the category of theft. Refraining from theft shows respect for others' property and rights. It involves abstinence from all deceptive practices such as bribery that lead to social disintegration. This aṇuvrata
UD 1.45: bandhe vahe chavicheye aibhāre bhattapāṇaviccheye.
64 'DK 6.13: musavão ya logammi, savva sahūhim garahio.
avissāso ya bhuyāṇam, tamhā mosam vivajjae.
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TB 7.9: himsāpāruṣyapaiśunyādiyuktam vacaḥ satyamapi garhitamanṛtameva
bhavatiti.
"TS 7.10: adattādānam steyam
