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Society, Epistemology and Logic in Indian Tradition
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person who knows a pure soul through śrutajñāna is considered as śrutakevalin by enlightened persons. Kevalin directly knows all the substances and their modes whereas śrutajñānin knows these through śrutajñāna.' Śrutajñāna is a wishful knowledge for a living being which directs him to the right path of liberation. Dravyaśruta and Bhāvaśruta
Umāsvāti provides synonyms of śrutajñāna in Tattvārthādhigamabhāșya as - "āptavacana, āgama, upadeśa, eitihya, āmnāya, pravacana, jinavacana’. All these synonyms establish that the sermons of jinas [who have conquered attachment (rāga) and aversion (dveşa)] or the perfect authentic persons are considered as śrutajñāna . This is a dravyaśruta (śruta in the form of preachings) and it can lead to bhāva-śrutajñāna (manifested knowledge in the self through preachings) in a person who conceives the meaning of that dravyaśruta. Śruta and Śruti
The word 'śruta' bears resemblance with the word 'śruti used for Vedas. Both of these have the same characteristic of verbal testimony. According to Mīmāmsakas, there is no creator of śruti or Vedas, whereas Naiyāyikas consider that the God is the creator of Vedas, but in Jaina philosophy when a Kevalin or Tīrtharkara expresses the truth for the welfare of all living beings, then it Gommațasära, Jivakānda, verse, 369: sudakevalam ca ņāņam, donni vi sarisäni honti bohādo i sudaņaņam tu parokkham, pacchakham kevalam. ņāņam II “Sabhāşya-tattvārthādhigamasutra, 1.20 : "śrutam aptavacan-agamaupadeśa-eitihyam-āmnāyam pravacanam jinavacanamityanarthānataram"
