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The Concept of Nirvikalpatā in Buddist Logic and the Indian Tradition
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śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśila suggested a modification in the definition of kalpanā given by Dignāga. Kamalasila says :- tatra heyā jatyadiyojanā paraprasiddhā kalpanā. (Tattvasamgrahapañjikā, 1220, p- 451). He accepts that all verbal associations are included in śabadayojanā, hence there is no need to accept jātyādi yojanā which is accepted by other philosophers. He stresses the word ‘ucyate' when he says- śabdayojanayā sarvā yojanā vyāptal Tattva samgrhapañjikā, p. 455) Nirvikalpatā in Nyāya - Vaišesika School
The Nyāya-Vaiśesika school has also discussed the concept of nirvikalpatā on the basis of word ‘avyapadeśya (unnamable) used in the definition of perception given by Gotama (150 CE) in the Nyāyasūtra."? Vācaspati Miśra (9th century) and Jayanta Bhatta (9th Century) have developed the notion of nirvikalpatā in Nyāya-Vaiseșika school. Vācaspati Miśra propounds two types of perception as indeterminate (nirvikalpaka) and determinate (savikalpaka) on the basis of the words ‘avyapadeśya’and ‘vyavasāyātmaka' used in the Nyāyasūtra by Gotama. Jayanta Bhatta is also of this view. They consider nirvikalpaka perception to be without a verbal element and so have an affinity with Kumārila.
In the Vaiśesika school Prasastapāda, prior to Dignāga uses the term 'Svarūpālocana-mātra'"' which means a mere apprehesnion of a reality is a perception, but
"Artha-sannikarşotpannam jñānam avyapadeśyam avyabhicāri vyavasāyātmakam
pratyakşam-Nyāyasútra, 1.4 "Prasastapādabhasyam, p.443
