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Naya, Nayābhāsa and Niksepa
161
available in Vyākhyāprajñapti sūtra when lord Mahāvīra replies to the various questions of inquisitive persons. For example in Vyākhyāprajñapti sūtra a question was arose - Are souls eternal or non-eternal? Mahavīra replied that from the point of view of substance the souls are eternal. They are never generated, but from the point of view of modes they are noneternal, because souls get different modes of living beings of the hell, the heaven and on the earth as animals, birds, insects, human beings, etc. This type of answering was prevalent in the canonical literature.
Concept of nikṣepa is also an original contribution of Jainism to Indian tradition. It gives a view to investigate the proper suitable meaning of a word in the prevailing context.
Bibliography Primary Sources:
Adhyātmasāra of Yaśovijaya, with Hindi Translation and commentary by Sādhvi Prītidarśanaśrī, Ahmedabada: Śrī Rajarajendendra Prakāśana Trust, 2009.
Anyayogavyvacchedadvātrimśikā of Hemacandra as in Syādvādamañjarī of Mallişeņa. (see Syādvādamañjarī)
Anuyogadvārasūtra, Beawar: Āgama Prakashana samiti, 1987.
Dvādaśaranayacakra, (ed) Muni Jambuvijaya, Bhavanagar : Ātmānand Jain Sabhā, 1966.
Jaina-Tarka-Bhāṣā, Translated with Notes by Dayānanda Bhārgava, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1973
Jainendra-siddhānta-kośa (Vol.2), Delhi : Bhartīya-Jñānapītha
Pramāṇanayatattvāloka of Vādidevasūri, With Hindi Translation by Pt. Shobha Chandra Bharilla, Ahmedanagar: Shri Tiloka Ratna Sthānakavāsi Jain Dhārmika Parīkņā Board, 2000
