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Concept of Consciousness In Jainism
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every activity expresses more consciousness. In this way living with alertness shows high level of consciousness. A laity man having five small vows is also on the path to live with better consciousness than a lay man, if he is alert in doing activity with
awareness.
Consciousness as upayoga
'Upayoga' denotes the cognitive function of a living being. It includes knowing through sense organs, mind and directly through a soul. • Upayoga is of two kinds i) Knowing in a constructive or articulate form i.e. (jñāna) ii) Knowing in nirvikalpaka or in-articulate form i.e. darśana.
Jñāna and darśana are the key factors of upayoga or cognitive function. In Nandisūtra and other texts of Jain philosophy five types of knowledge are mentioned as matijñāna (sensuous knowledge), śrutajñāna (scriptural or verbal knowledge), avadhijñāna (visual intuition), manaḥparyāya jñāna (intuition of mental modes) and kevaljñāna (pure and perfect knowledge). Among these knowledges matijñāna appears in a soul through sense-organs, or mind or by both. Sense organs and mind are the instruments; consciousness comes in these organs from the soul. Matijñāna or ābhinibodhika jñāna includes recognition, thinking, reasoning, intellect and inference in it. Knowledge of former birth (jāti smaraņa jñāna) is also a phenomenon of matijñāna. Four types of intellect (autpāttikī, vainayikī, karmajā and pāriņāmikī) are also the part of matijñāna. All intellectual activities of a person denote consciousness. Śrutajňāna appears
