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Conflict Removing Vision of Jainism
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Substance stand point (dravyārthika naya), 2. Mode view point (paryāyārthika naya). These two nayas solve the problems of eternity and non-eternity of reality, which are propounded respectively by Vendāntists and Buddhists. Both these schools have confrontation about defining the reality. Vedanta philosophy propounds reality as eternal and Buddhism explains it as non-eternal. Jaina philosophy solves this problem by giving theory of standpoints. According to Jainism, reality is eternal from the viewpoint of substance and it is non-eternal from the viewpoint of modes. This naya theory weaves together the two opposite philosophical tenets and accepts that every substance of the world can be thought to have two opposite characters. From the view point of substance everything is permanent, but from the viewpoint of modes everything is changing every moment. In Jaina view, every entity of the world has multiple characters and we do not perceive all the characters at the moment. Hence, logically it will be wrong to deny the existence of characteristics that we do not perceive. The real entity is the same for all the viewers but there is a difference due to their own perspective. In other words we can say that unity and diversity are the two facets of the same reality. Reality itself is unity in diversity. From the generic point of view, unity is perceived and from the specific point of view diversity is observed.
'Pramāṇanayatattvāloka 7.5: samāsatastu dvibhedo dravyarthikaḥ
paryāyārthikaśca.
'Syādvādamañjarī, p.10.16 (on verse 5) sarve hi bhāvā dravyarthikanayāpekṣaya nityāḥ, paryāyārthikanayādeśāt punaranityāḥ.
