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Naya, Nayābhāsa and Niksepa
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5. Relatively from the view point of present Ram, he exists and simultaneous view point it is in-expressible. (syād asti avaktavyaḥ). 6. From the present viewpoint past Rāma does not exist and from the simultaneous point of view it is in-expressible (syād nāsti avaktavyaḥ). 7. From the point of view of present Rāma, he exists, from the point of view of past Rāma he does not exist and if we say simultaneously, then it is in-expressible (syādasti nāsti avaktavyaḥ). In this way seven kinds of predications are made. The basic kinds are three - Exists (asti), does not exists (nāsti) and inexpressible (avaktavyaḥ). By permutation of these three, seven kinds of predications come out in to existence. Nikșepa
Nikṣepa is a technical term for a method by which proper meaning of a word in the relevant context is grasped. There is a minor difference between naya and nikșepa. Naya deals with a sentence and nikṣepa deals with a word. Naya conveys the proper meaning of a sentence and nikṣepa conveys suitable meaning of word in the context. There are four types of nikṣepa - 1.Nāma (name) 2.Sthāpanā (symbol) 3.Dravya (potentiality) and 4.Bhāva (actuality). 1. Nāma Nikṣepa - A word used to name some person, thing etc. is nāma nikșepa, This name does not require its etymological meaning, for example a name Mahāvīra is used for a person who is coward by nāma nikṣepa. A blind person may be Jyotiprakash (enlightened) by his name. Arihanta may be a name for a new born baby or for a building by nāma nikṣepa.
