________________
Jaina Epistemology and Logic: Development and Doctrines
105
(vi) Establishment of new probans such as kāraņa,
pūrvacara, uttaracara and sahacara. (vii) Particular view about the members of syllogism
(parārthānumāna) (viii) Theory of standpoints (nayavāda) and sevenfold
predication. (ix) Nature of prameya (object) is substance-cum-mode
dravyaparyāyātmaka or sāmānyaviseșātmaka.
Now we shall discuss the above and clarify the thoughts ofthe Jaina logicians about these points. (i) Definition of pramāņa:
Regarding the definition of pramāņa Jaina philosophers are unanimous in propounding it as definitive cognition. The other characteristic of pramāņa accepted by them is the nature of illuminating the self and the object. Some definitions given by Jaina logicians are as follows: (i) pramāņam svaparābhāsi jñānam
bādhavivarjitam-Nyāyāvatāra, 1 Pramāņa is a cognition revealing itself and the other object
without any hindrance. (ii) Svaparāvabhāsakam yathā pramāņam bhuvi
buddhilakṣaṇam.-Svayambhūstotra., 63 Pramāņa is a knowledge illuminating itself and the other
object in the world. (iii) Vyavasāyātmakam jñānamātmārthagrāhakam
matam.-Laghīyastraya, 60 - - The knowledge which determinates the self and the other object is pramāņa.
